OSWALD AVERY Avery was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia 1877. Despite a promising career in the church, offered to him through his father, he desired greater intellectual stimulation. His frustration in his inability to help some of his patients motivated him to devote his career to the systematic effort to understand the biological activities of bacteria. This could only be attained by knowing their chemical composition.
a fellow colleague at the institute. McCarty and Avery concentrated on the phenomenon of pneumococcal transformation, in which R-form (non virulent) bacteria changed into the S-form (virulent) when killed S-form bacteria were added to the culture. The changed bacteria were identical in virulence and type to the killed bacteria and the changes were permanent and inheritable.
Avery’s early work came to the attention of the director of the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1913 he focused most of his research for the next thirty-five years on a single species of pneumonia-creating bacteria, Diplococcus pneumoniae. There he worked along some of the elite in their fields, including Rene Dubos, Maclyn McCarty, Colin MacLeod and Alphonse R Dochez. However it was in 1944 that Avery made his legacy along with
Soon after this discovery, Avery and McCarty soon isolated this transforming substance from their samples of the pneumococci and discovered the substance to be deoxyribnonucleic acid. Or DNA. The paper proved that the transforming principle or heredity material, was DNA and not protein as most scientists had assumed. Avery played an early and critical role in the molecular revolution in biology.
OSWALD AVERY Avery was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia 1877. Despite a promising career in the church, offered to him through his father, he desired greater intellectual stimulation. His frustration in his inability to help some of his patients motivated him to devote his career to the systematic effort to understand the biological activities of bacteria. This could only be attained by knowing their chemical composition.
a fellow colleague at the institute. McCarty and Avery concentrated on the phenomenon of pneumococcal transformation, in which R-form (non virulent) bacteria changed into the S-form (virulent) when killed S-form bacteria were added to the culture. The changed bacteria were identical in virulence and type to the killed bacteria and the changes were permanent and inheritable.
Avery’s early work came to the attention of the director of the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1913 he focused most of his research for the next thirty-five years on a single species of pneumonia-creating bacteria, Diplococcus pneumoniae. There he worked along some of the elite in their fields, including Rene Dubos, Maclyn McCarty, Colin MacLeod and Alphonse R Dochez. However it was in 1944 that Avery made his legacy along with
Soon after this discovery, Avery and McCarty soon isolated this transforming substance from their samples of the pneumococci and discovered the substance to be deoxyribnonucleic acid. Or DNA. The paper proved that the transforming principle or heredity material, was DNA and not protein as most scientists had assumed. Avery played an early and critical role in the molecular revolution in biology.
DNA/BIOLOGY
OSWALD AVERY MOLECULAR REVOLUTION
A
1877-1955
very was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia 1877. Despite a promising career in the church, offered to him through his father, he desired greater intellectual stimulation. His frustration in his inability to help some of his patients motivated him to devote his career to the systematic effort to understand the biological activities of bacteria. This could only be attained by knowing their chemical composition.
Avery made his legacy along with a fellow colleague at the institute. McCarty and Avery concentrated on the phenomenon of pneumococcal transformation, in which R-form (non virulent) bacteria changed into the S-form (virulent) when killed S-form bacteria were added to the culture. The changed bacteria were identical in virulence and type to the killed bacteria and the changes were permanent and inheritable.
Avery’s early work came to the attention of the director of the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1913 he focused most of his research for the next thirty-five years on a single species of pneumonia-creating bacteria, Diplococcus pneumoniae. There he worked along some of the elite in their fields, including Rene Dubos, Maclyn McCarty, Colin MacLeod and Alphonse R Dochez. However it was in 1944 that
Soon after this discovery, Avery and McCarty soon isolated this transforming substance from their samples of the pneumococci and discovered the substance to be deoxyribnonucleic acid. Or DNA. The paper proved that the transforming principle or heredity material, was DNA and not protein as most scientists had assumed. Avery played an early and critical role in the molecular revolution in biology.
1877-1955
A
very was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia 1877. Despite a promising career in the church, offered to him through his father, he desired greater intellectual stimulation. His frustration in his inability to help some of his patients motivated him to devote his career to the systematic effort to understand the biological activities of bacteria. This could only be attained by knowing their chemical composition.
Avery made his legacy along with a fellow colleague at the institute. McCarty and Avery concentrated on the phenomenon of pneumococcal transformation, in which R-form (non virulent) bacteria changed into the S-form (virulent) when killed S-form bacteria were added to the culture. The changed bacteria were identical in virulence and type to the killed bacteria and the changes were permanent and inheritable.
Avery’s early work came to the attention of the director of the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1913 he focused most of his research for the next thirty-five years on a single species of pneumonia-creating bacteria, Diplococcus pneumoniae. There he worked along some of the elite in their fields, including Rene Dubos, Maclyn McCarty, Colin MacLeod and Alphonse R Dochez. However it was in 1944 that
Soon after this discovery, Avery and McCarty soon isolated this transforming substance from their samples of the pneumococci and discovered the substance to be deoxyribnonucleic acid. Or DNA. The paper proved that the transforming principle or heredity material, was DNA and not protein as most scientists had assumed. Avery played an early and critical role in the molecular revolution in biology.
MOLECULAR
A
REVOLUTION 1877-1955
very was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia 1877. Despite a promising career in the church, offered to him through his father, he desired greater intellectual stimulation. His frustration in his inability to help some of his patients motivated him to devote his career to the systematic effort to understand the biological activities of bacteria. This could only be attained by knowing their chemical composition.
Avery made his legacy along with a fellow colleague at the institute. McCarty and Avery concentrated on the phenomenon of pneumococcal transformation, in which R-form (non virulent) bacteria changed into the S-form (virulent) when killed S-form bacteria were added to the culture. The changed bacteria were identical in virulence and type to the killed bacteria and the changes were permanent and inheritable.
Avery’s early work came to the attention of the director of the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In 1913 he focused most of his research for the next thirty-five years on a single species of pneumonia-creating bacteria, Diplococcus pneumoniae. There he worked along some of the elite in their fields, including Rene Dubos, Maclyn McCarty, Colin MacLeod and Alphonse R Dochez. However it was in 1944 that
Soon after this discovery, Avery and McCarty soon isolated this transforming substance from their samples of the pneumococci and discovered the substance to be deoxyribnonucleic acid. Or DNA. The paper proved that the transforming principle or heredity material, was DNA and not protein as most scientists had assumed. Avery played an early and critical role in the molecular revolution in biology.
B
orn into an esteemed academic background in 1885, Bohr already had a deep seeded interest in physics. While he was still a student he won the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen’s prize for his experimental and theoretical investigation into oscillating fluid jets. This genius carried on in his early years, where in 1912 whilst working with Rutherford in his Manchester lab. Using Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus and Quantum Theory as established by Planck, he succeeded in working out and presenting a picture of atomic structure that still serves as an elucidation of the physical and chemical properties of the elements. He introduced the theory that electrons travelling in orbits around the atom’s nucleus. The chemical properties of each element being largely determined
by the number of electrons in the outer orbits of atoms. Bohr also intriduced the idea that an electron could drop from a higher energy orbit to a lower one, in the process emitting a photon. This became the new basis for Quantum Theory. During the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II, Bohr escaped to Sweden and spent the last two years of the war in England and America. When he went further west to America, he became associated with the Atomic Energy Project. He opposed the use of nuclear energy for destructive means and was awarded for his relentless papers, letters and essays on the subject. Without Bohr’s incredible intellect, moral standing or inquisitive mind, the knowledge we have now in regards to technology and materials would not even be. Bohr-illiant.
B
orn into an esteemed academic background in 1885, Bohr already had a deep seeded interest in physics. While he was still a student he won the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen’s prize for his experimental and theoretical investigation into oscillating fluid jets. This genius carried on in his early years, where in 1912 whilst working with Rutherford in his Manchester lab. Using Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus and Quantum Theory as established by Planck, he succeeded in working out and presenting a picture of atomic structure that still serves as an elucidation of the physical and chemical properties of the elements. He introduced the theory that electrons travelling in orbits around the atom’s nucleus. The chemical properties of each element being largely determined
by the number of electrons in the outer orbits of atoms. Bohr also intriduced the idea that an electron could drop from a higher energy orbit to a lower one, in the process emitting a photon. This became the new basis for Quantum Theory. During the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II, Bohr escaped to Sweden and spent the last two years of the war in England and America. When he went further west to America, he became associated with the Atomic Energy Project. He opposed the use of nuclear energy for destructive means and was awarded for his relentless papers, letters and essays on the subject. Without Bohr’s incredible intellect, moral standing or inquisitive mind, the knowledge we have now in regards to technology and materials would not even be. Bohr-illiant.
B
orn into an esteemed academic background in 1885, Bohr already had a deep seeded interest in physics. While he was still a student he won the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen’s prize for his experimental and theoretical investigation into oscillating fluid jets. This genius carried on in his early years, where in 1912 whilst working with Rutherford in his Manchester lab. Using Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus and Quantum Theory as established by Planck, he succeeded in working out and presenting a picture of atomic structure that still serves as an elucidation of the physical and chemical properties of the elements. He introduced the theory that electrons travelling in orbits around the atom’s nucleus. The chemical properties of each element being largely determined
by the number of electrons in the outer orbits of atoms. Bohr also intriduced the idea that an electron could drop from a higher energy orbit to a lower one, in the process emitting a photon. This became the new basis for Quantum Theory. During the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II, Bohr escaped to Sweden and spent the last two years of the war in England and America. When he went further west to America, he became associated with the Atomic Energy Project. He opposed the use of nuclear energy for destructive means and was awarded for his relentless papers, letters and essays on the subject. Without Bohr’s incredible intellect, moral standing or inquisitive mind, the knowledge we have now in regards to technology and materials would not even be. Bohr-illiant.
B
orn into an esteemed academic background in 1885, Bohr already had a deep seeded interest in physics. While he was still a student he won the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen’s prize for his experimental and theoretical investigation into oscillating fluid jets. This genius carried on in his early years, where in 1912 whilst working with Rutherford in his Manchester lab. Using Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus and Quantum Theory as established by Planck, he succeeded in working out and presenting a picture of atomic structure that still serves as an elucidation of the physical and chemical properties of the elements. He introduced the theory that electrons travelling in orbits around the atom’s nucleus. The chemical properties of each element being largely determined
by the number of electrons in the outer orbits of atoms. Bohr also intriduced the idea that an electron could drop from a higher energy orbit to a lower one, in the process emitting a photon. This became the new basis for Quantum Theory. During the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II, Bohr escaped to Sweden and spent the last two years of the war in England and America. When he went further west to America, he became associated with the Atomic Energy Project. He opposed the use of nuclear energy for destructive means and was awarded for his relentless papers, letters and essays on the subject. Without Bohr’s incredible intellect, moral standing or inquisitive mind, the knowledge we have now in regards to technology and materials would not even be. Bohr-illiant.