LEDinside- Belight vol.01 <LED Street Lightjust around the corner?> by TrendForce

BeLight

vol.

2009

LED Street Light just around the corner? Special Report Analysis on LED Packaging Technology Development Status : Lighting Class LED

Cover Story LED Street Light Coverage Insights on LED Street Light Manufacturers 4 Trillion RMB Stimulation Project Shines China's LED Street Light

LED applications coverage Ultrathin and Power-saving LCD TV with LED Backlight LED Mini-projector Explores More Possibilities for Consumer Market

LED Knowledge How to utilize Low-Temperature LED Illumination?

www.ledinside.com

The Region‘s Leading Trade Show for Urban, Architectural, Theatrical and Retail Lighting Solutions

September 27 – 29, 2009

Dubai International Convention & Exhibition Centre Dubai, United Arab Emirates

www.lightme.net

SUPERBRIGHT LED LIGHTING T-BOX & LIGHT BAR TYPE

LED PROFESSIONAL MANUFACTURER IN TAIWAN

Base on our leading manufacture technology, highly efficient management, and quality assurance, Sander offers the best supports, services and values for our customers.

SANDER ELECTRONIC CO., LTD.

http://www.sanderled.tw info@sanderled.com.tw

BeLight Publisher LEDinside

CEO Kevin Lin

Research Director Roger Chu

Chief Editor Ivan Lin

Art Designer Manager Janine Kao

Art Designer Kenzo Tu

Marketing Director Jocelyn Chen

Marketing Manager Lilia Huang

Marketing Vice Manager Ann Chang

China LED/LCD Dept. Manager Sara Fan

Analyst Judy Huang Eleven Yuan Tracy Wang

Issue No 2009 Vol.1

CONTENTS 07

About LEDinside

Cover Story: 08

Insights on LED Street Lamp Manufacturers

4 Trillion RMB Stimulation Project Shines China's LED Street Light

Special Report: 14

Analysis on LED Packaging Technology Development Status:Lighting-class LED

The Ultrathin and Power-saving LCD TV with LED Backlight

LED Mini-Projector Explores More Possibilities for Consumer Market

LED TV Market Penetration Rate to Reach 2% in 2009 and 11% in 2012

LED Application: 33

Innovative Applications for LED

LED Knowledge: 40

The Collocation of Zener Diode with LED

Differences Between Hot and

Cold Light Source

Factors Influencing the Thermal Resistance of LED Components

The Fundamental Summary of LED SiC Substrate

What’s LED Color-Changing Lamp

Tips for Choosing White Light LED Drive IC

A Brief Analysis on the Application of Low-temperature LED Illumination

Analysis on The Traits of GaNBase Materials

Advertise on LEDinside

2009 Global LED Events

First Published In 2009 © LEDinside All Rights Reserved Information for Readers Email: service@ledinside.com Enquiries: Tel: (886-2) 7702-6888 Fax: (886-2) 7702-6898 Global English Site http://www.ledinside.com

Simplified Chinese Site http://www.ledinside.cn

Traditional Chinese Site http://www.ledinside.com.tw

page 06

About LEDinside

www.ledinside.com

Overview

LEDinside provides the best environment to promote LED products & services.

Quality Research Information on LED LEDinside covers top quality research information on LED’s technology development, market trend, and financial information on a regional and global basis.

Premier Audience Base

LEDinside attracts desirable buyers relevant to LED market. Your ad on LEDinside.com puts you in front of buyers who have the desire and means to buy your products and services.

Flexible Ad Programs

LEDinside.com can support you to develop a customized promotional program to meet your objectives.Whether you want to increase the brand exposure or site traffic, we’ll carefully tailor a comprehensive advertising plan to achieve your ultimate goals.

2,000,000 1,800,000 1,600,000

Page views

LEDinside was launched in July 2007 and has become one of the most popular and distinguished online news and information provider for the LED market.

1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000

LEDinside has 3 language sites namely Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese and English.

800,000 600,000

LEDinside,with an average of more than 1780,000 page views and more than 120,618 unique visitors each month (Jan, 2009 - March, 2009), you will find valuable vendor resources and product selection of the entire LED supply chain.

400,000 200,000 0

Jan’09

Feb’09

Mar’09 page 07

Cover Story

Insights on LED Street Lamp Manufacturers View from LEDinside For the existing LED street lamp manufacturers, most of their luminous efficiency original value can reach the Class-3 level of the CNS15233 (the original value of 45Lm/W), and some can even reach the Class-3 level (the original value of 45Lm/W). However, only those with the luminous source adopting the LED components produced by the major foreign manufactures (like Osram, Cree, Nichia) can reach the current standard. However, considering the possible revival of trade protectionism, it is predictable that the LED street lamp components and parts could be restricted to be homemade in many government bidding documents, which could be a tough challenge for the existing manufacturers.In addition, given the fierce competition, the bidders may have to offer rather low price to win the bid. On the other hand, to meet the standard, these manufacturers could have to purchase import LED components whose price is 40-50% of the overall cost of the LED lamp socket. In such case, the manufacturers could barely benefit. Therefore, 2009 has been expected to be the year of the rapid expanding of LED unless the import LED component price is decreased by a large street light market. At present, the LED street light plans have been proportion, in order to meet the LED street lamp standard, the domestic launched in batches in major cities in China. In Taiwan, due to the manufacturers would have to improve the specification of their products. increased budget in domestic demand, such plans have also been released. The U.S. and Europe have also begun to adopt LED street Although mainland China and Taiwan have both been supporting lights in large scales. All these are efforts to replace the traditional the LED industry through public projects, which has given the street street lights and to use solar energy, wind force and other recyclable lamp market a promising outlook, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s still not an effective solution energy types to aid the street illumination in areas of short electricity inducing the manufacturers to lose money from low-price bidding. At the same time as the governments release lamp orders, it should also be supply. considered how to help the domestic LED manufacturers to improve their product specification and develop their own technology, and Considering the increasing focus upon LED street light market, finally to achieve the sound progress of the industry. LEDinside had visited several LED manufacturers recently to obtain more information on the standards and developing state of their LED street light products. To discuss this subject, LEDinside has organized the information about the situations of these major LED manufacturers for reference of LED industry in future development. Due to LED street light illumination standards in Taiwan (CNS15233) were officially passed in the later half of 2008, the current released data provided by manufactures are mostly the original value measured by Industrial Technology Research Institute. LEDinside estimates that after the 2nd quarter of 2009, the list of LED street lamps officially certificated by the CNS15233 will be publicized. There will be a more mature market and more completed policies and actions by local governments.

page 08

Cover Story Delta: The up-and-coming star depending upon power supply device integration The power supply device manufacturer Delta has newly released a whole series of LED luminous products, displaying its achievements after stepping into the energy saving field. Among the products released, there are two models of LED street lamps which have shown excellent performance in luminous efficiency. The SLDT series adopts modularity design. The LEDs of its LED luminous source are from foreign manufacturers. After 1000 hours of lighting test, the luminous efficiency of the lamp can still reach as high as 65Lm/W, and the power factor 0.97. The products have reached Class-2 level in street light standard of Taiwan, and have already been applied in practice in Taoyuan, Yilan and other areas. Another 120W LED lamp product of the SLDN series is totally homemade. It is co-developed by Delta, Lustrous and NENG TYI Precision. The 10W COB packaged LED components of Lustrous and the separate-designed heat dissipating passage of NENG TYI is adopted. The appearance of the lamp is specially designed by relevant expert to combine the aesthetics and heat dissipating requirement together. SLDN

SLDT P o w e r co n su m p tio n

80W

L u m in o u s F lu x

5200 Lm

E fficie n cy

6 5 L m /W

Illu m in a n ce

P ow er consum ption

W o rk in g T e m p e ra tu re

2 0 L u x(@ 8 M ) -4 0 ℃~ 5 0 ℃

C o lo r T e m p e ra tu re

C o o l d a ylig h t

W e ig h t

7 .5 k g

W a te rp ro o f

IP 6 5

Lum inous F lux E fficiency Illum inance

120W >6000 Lm 50 Lm /W

W ork ing T em perature

25Lux(@ 8M ) -5 ℃~50 ℃

C olor T em perature

C ool daylight

W eight W aterproof P lace

12k g IP 65 T aipei

ThermoKing: The LED lamp manufacturer thriving for its heat dissipating technology patents Located in Wugu, Thermoking has developed unique heat dissipating technology as its core competitive strength, which can be seen from its name, and has been expected in the LED street lamp bidding market. Thermoking uses the heat average temperature speedy conducting technology to evenly dissipate the focused heat generated by the LED, keeping the temperature difference below ±1℃. Its lamp series are dust-protect designed, with the heat dissipating segment facing the floor, protecting the lamp from ill heat dissipating caused by dust collection as well as luminous efficiency attenuation and burning out. The patent application of this technology has been filed in many foreign countries. Besides, Thermoking has been cooperating with OSRAM in LED lamp production. The Golden DRAGON Plus LED chip of OSRAM has been adopted, bearing an efficiency of above 90lm/W or above 50lm/W when applied to luminous lamps.

S01201F

S02101N P ow er consum ption Lum inous F lux E fficiency Illum inance W ork ing T em perature C olor T em perature W eight W aterproof S afety C ertification Illum inance C ertification P lace

100W >5000Lm 50 Lm /W >20 Lux (@ 8M ) -30 ℃~60 ℃ 2800~6000K

P ow er consum ption Lum inous F lux E fficiency Illum inance W ork ing T em perature C olor T em perature

200W > 10000 Lm 50 Lm /W > 50 Lux (@ 10M ) -30 ℃~ 60 ℃ 2800~ 6000K

9K g

W eight

9K g

IP 66

W aterproof

IP 66

CE IT R I, T aiw an T aiw an

S afety C ertification Illum inance C ertification P lace

CE IT R I, T aiw an T aiw an

Alliance Optotek Corporation: The pioneer in luminous efficiency of LED lamp Alliance Optotek Corporation co-invested by UMC and Chinese Electric Appliances has already released a whole series of LED street lamp products, ranging from 24W lamps which support solar energy & wind force to 140W lamps fitting to be installed in regular streets. Taking the 101W lamp exhibited in the LED street lamp demonstration project in Taipei a few months ago for example, with the overall lumen output of 7156,2lm and the luminous efficiency original value as high as 71lm/W, it has been the forepart among the products tested by ITRI. The LED part adopted 96 Nichia 083 (BT), with power factor as high as 0.98. page 09

Cover Story PL59BH

PL52BH

P ow er consum ption

101W

P ow er consum ption

Lum inous F lux

7156

Lum inous F lux

E fficiency Illum inance W ork ing T em perature

71 Lm /W 22Lux (@ 6M ) -30 ℃~50 ℃

E fficiency Illum inance W ork ing T em perature

26W 1789 Lm 69 Lm /W 13Lux (@ 4M ) -30 ℃~50 ℃

C olor T em perature

5200 K

C olor T em perature

5200 K

W eight

13.8K g

W eight

2.1K g

W aterproof

IP 65

W aterproof S afety C ertification Illum inance C ertification P lace

IP 65 CE IE N S A (T ype2) 、C N S T aiw an

S afety C ertification Illum inance C ertification P lace

CE IE N S A (T ype2) 、C N S T aiw an

ATD: The expert in adopting space technology to heat dissipating ATD Technologies, established in 2005 and specializing in LED illumination, optics, framework, electronic control etc., had initiated to get the CE、 QC、UL certificates of traditional street lamp safety regulation. The loop type heat pipe technology, a rarely used heat dissipating method in the industry, was introduced from Ukraine by Professor Huang Binjun of Taiwan University to be used in its LED street lamp. The luminous efficiency attenuation value of the lamp has been measured to be below 3% by road test. Recently, 111 set of 100W LED street lamps have been installed by ATD along Zhonggang Road in Taichung city, which has been an remarkable move in LED street lamp application. The OSRAM LED of secondary optical design has displayed good luminous intensity and evenness performances.

SL-150-R3-W3/O2

SL-100-S-W3/O2 P o w e r co n su m p tio n

103W

L u m in o u s F lu x

5346Lm

E fficie n cy

5 2 L m /W

Illu m in a n ce W o rk in g T e m p e ra tu re C o lo r T e m p e ra tu re W e ig h t W a te rp ro o f S a fe ty C e rtifica tio n Illu m in a n ce C e rtifica tio n P la ce

P ow er consum ption Lum inous F lux E fficiency Illum inance

> 1 0 .2 L u x (@ 7 M ) -3 0 ℃~ 4 0 ℃

W ork ing T em perature C olor T em perature

2800~7000K

W eight

5 .5 K g

W aterproof

IP 6 5 、 C Q C U L 、C E

S afety C ertification Illum inance C ertification

C N S 、C IE 、IE S N A

P lace

T a ip e i

155W 8006Lm 52 Lm /W >16 Lux (@ 7M ) -30 ℃~40 ℃ 2800~7000K 8.5K g IP 65 C Q C 、U L 、C E C N S 、C IE 、IE S N A T aiw an

FOXSEMICON: Powerful electronic controlling system and optical-mechanical-electronic integrating capacity With outstanding optical-mechanical-electronic integrating capacity, FOXSEMICON has focused on development in the LED illumination field at the same time as selling its semiconductor devices, and has aimed to become an all-round LED illumination manufacture in 2009. The FOXSEMICON LED street lamp has obtained a lot of patents in secondary optical design. The long-type lens ensures the wide photometric curve and avoids glare. FOXSEMICON put much emphasis on its electronic controlling system. By utilizing the electronic controlling system developed by the IC design company of the group, every LED street lamp in the factory district can be monitored and repair immediately if damaged.

F1 P ow er consum ption Lum inous F lux E fficiency Illum inance W ork ing T em perature C olor T em perature W eight W aterproof S afety C ertification

220W 16000 72 Lm /W 21 Lux (@ 10M ) -20 ℃~50 ℃ 3500/5100 15.8k g IP 65 C E 、U L 、R O H S

Lum inous F lux E fficiency Illum inance W ork ing T em perature C olor T em perature W eight W aterproof S afety C ertification

140W 10000 71.4 Lm /W 15 Lux (@ 8M ) -20 ℃~50 ℃ 3500/5100 11.2k g IP 65 C E 、U L 、R O H S

Illum inance C ertification

Illum inance C ertification P lace

P ow er consum ption

C hina, Italy

P lace

page 10

C hina, Italy

Cover Story Neo-Neon: The king in decorative lighting field set on snatching the LED street lamp market in many countries The king in decorative lighting field has recently unveiled its above 100W high efficiency street lamp products to snatch the LED street lamp market of China. The characteristics of Neo-Neon LED lamps are embodied in its optical design. With light reflecting cup set on each LED, the whole light emitting of the lamp is butterfly-shaped, controlling and increasing the luminous intensity as well as avoiding glare. Besides, the cooling fin is in the exterior of the lamp body to realize natural convection, thus cooling components such as fan and heat pipe are saved to cut down the cost. The 100W LED street lamps have been used in practice in Guangdong, Hunan and other areas.

170 W Street Lamp

NEOJ2020-000-RY P ow er consum ption

95.3W

Lum inous F lux

5352 Lm

E fficiency

56 Lm /W

Illum inance W ork ing T em perature C olor T em perature W eight W aterproof S afety C ertification P lace

P ow er consum ption

170W

Lum inous F lux

9500 Lm

E fficiency

56 Lm /W

Illum inance

20Lux(@ 7M ) -5 ℃~50 ℃ 3000/5000

W ork ing T em perature

-5 ℃~50 ℃

C olor T em perature

2000/6500

W eight

12K g IP 65 C E 、U L Japan, C hina

18 K g

W aterproof

IP 65

S afety C ertification

CE UL

P lace

C hina

EOI: The manufacturer devoted to the integration of traffic light ﹠ street light and all-round application of LED EOI, the major manufacturer in traffic light market recently has also entered into the LED street lamp field. Its new released LED street lamps of power ranging from 30W to 180W, are mainly used for 4m to 12m tall lamp post, and can match solar battery. The recently released 100W and 150W street lamps adopt OSRAM LED components which are in modularity to match the unique lens for the secondary optical process. The luminous flux and efficiency and other data are all original values measured by ITRI. At the same time, the characteristics of EOI street lamps are in its socket simplifying structural design, which has lightened the socket weight compared with products of other manufactures. As EOI hopes to become an all-round road traffic LED appliance manufacturer, it will take part in the LED street lamp biddings step by step this year.

ESL-C01H150W-04A

ESL-C01H100W-03A P ow er consum ption

P ow er consum ption

105W

Lum inous F lux

7000 Lm

Lum inous F lux

E fficiency

66 Lm /W

E fficiency

Illum inance W ork ing T em perature

28Lux(@ 6M ) -5 ℃~50 ℃

C olor T em perature

5000-6500 K

155W 11000 Lm 70 Lm /W

Illum inance W ork ing T em perature

23Lux(@ 8M ) -5 ℃~50 ℃

C olor T em perature

5000-6500 K

W eight

8 Kg

W eight

8 Kg

W aterproof

IP 65

W aterproof

IP 65

Height install P ow er consum ption Lum inous F lux E fficiency C olor T em perature W eight W aterproof S afety C ertification

12m

130W

200W

260W

7000 Lm

10000 Lm

5000 Lm

35 Lm /W 3000/6000 K (cell bulb) 95 g (cell bulb) IP 65~67(cell bulb) U L C E R O H S (cell bulb)

LiquidLEDs: The modularity LED street lamp adopting AC LED bulb shows up LiquidLEDs has also displayed its imagination by inventing the irregular 6m and 9m LED street lamp products adopting the AC LED bulb of which its liquid immersing cooling technology is utilized. LED street lamps of different specifications have been made from various arrangements of single AC LED bulbs. At present, there are such arrangements of combination of 40 grains, 60 grains and 80 grains of single 4W bulbs. This kind of lamp has good extension and is convenient to repair and is alright to just replace the damaged bulb. LiquidLEDs has planned this year to produce new 10W single bulbs to lighten the weight and to provide some more specifications of lamps.

page 11

Cover Story

Cover Story 4 Trillion RMB Domestic Demand Stimulation Project Budget Lights the LED Street Lamps in China With the global economy stepping down sharply, China is still under the pressure of keeping Economic Growth Rate no less than 8% this year, which has been indicated a tough challenge by many signs. In the end of 2008, the State Council of China urgently put forward the Ten Measures to Increase the Domestic Demand and Promote Economy Growth, planning to devote a total amount of 4 trillion RMB, about 5,860 billion U.S dollars, to stimulate the economy growth, and half of the budget will be devoted into infrastructure construction. Under budget support of such a huge amount, many local governments of China have launched their LED street lamp bids in succession.

The Central Committee supports energy-saving industry in public proclamation In 2007, obsessed by the rising price and short supply of energy, Chinese government had begun paying more attention to energyconcerned policies and subjects, and has passed several bills to encourage the energy industry growth. For example, Public Institution Energy-saving Bill was passed in July, 2008 in the State Council and has been started in October, 2008. It requests local governments to include energy-saving products into their collective purchase list and strictly monitor the energy consumption situation. Besides, Civil Construction Energy-saving Statute has been issued to regulate constructing companies to adopt appropriate renewable energy sources in warming, refrigeration, illumination and hot water supplying.

page 12

On the other hand, these statutes above provide law reference for the local governments in purchasing LED and other relative energysaving products. It is estimated that the energy-saving policies would be fulfilled this year, and large amount of energy-saving products would be in strong demand.

LED street lamp bids have been launched by local governments in succession. Except for the 4 trillion RMB construction plan, the EXPO shanghai, Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games, Jinan 11th National Games, Shenzhen 2011 Universiade are soon to be held in China. Complying with energy-saving statutes, all these host cities have began to replace the original street lamps with LED ones. Taking Tianjin for example, the government has calculated a total sum of between 4 billion to 5 billion for the lamp purchasing. The principle of Guangdong Science and Technology Hall said, the LED street lamp project and the special Sci-tech demonstration of Guangdong has already been carried out in Dongguan as the first spot. The plan is that in 2 years, the Ten Thousand LED Lamps along One Thousand Kilometers Project would be realized in ten cities including Dongguan, Foushan, Huizhou, Zhaoqing, Zhongshan etc.

Cover Story Since the opening date of 2010 EXPO Shanghai is coming, the bids for the street sight illumination and display board projects have been launched in succession. The EXPO Park has combined the natural riverside scenery of Huangpu Jiang, thus large amount of LED lamps are to be used for landscape illumination. Except for the application in landscape illumination, Chinese government also intently programmed to adopt LED street lamps as the road lighting source. The LED street lamp manufacturers all around the country have all got ready for that. The 2010 EXPO period is expected to be another climax of LED demand after the Olympic Games.

Viewpoint of LEDinside In 2008, the capacity of the street lamp market in China was about 15 million sets, the number of LED lamps installed about 500 thousand. In 2009, although the LED street lamp standard of China is yet to be released, due to the approaching EXPO Shanghai, the LED street lamp biddings have already been in progress, thus LED estimates that in 2009, the number of the LED street lamp to be installed in China would be no less than 2.5 million sets. The stimulated domestic market by encouraging policies will be a vital pillar to support the Chinese LED industry in 2009. From the Central Committee to local governments, the specification requirements and the purchasing amount, producing locally or outside and the installation and maintenance will all have a pushing effect on the growth of the LED market. Nevertheless, except for purchasing LED products from manufactures in Taiwan, Europe and U.S, the Chinese domestic LED manufactures are also to be supported by Chinese government. Besides the competition, more cooperation sparks are expected to be seen between the LED industries on both sides of the Straits

page 13

Special Report

Analysis on LED Packaging Technology Development Status: Lighting-class LED

With the efficiency improvement and technology advancement, the application field of LED has gradually expanded from the backlight and signal segments to the illumination field. To solve the problem of light and heat, LED manufacturers have put forward their own solutions covering the chip making, packaging and even the light fixture sections by offering products of various specifications.For the reference of our readers,LEDinside has collected the information about current development status of lighting-class LED and related manufacturers' major products.

Discussion on Specifications of Lighting-Class LED Lighting-class LED can be discussed and classified in many ways. If divided by chips, lighting-class LED can be classified into High Brightness LED (20~150mA), High Power LED (<150mA), and AC LED based on the current value. Divided by packaging structure, there are single chip package using single chip on single package and multi-chip package using multi-chips on single package. LEDs of different chips or different package structures are suitable for different lighting-product markets.

Figure-1 Lighting-class LED chip and package specification

C h ip

P ackag e

C urrent

M aterial

S tructure

P ack age T yper

M aterial

S ubstrate

H igh B rightness

A lG anInP

S ingle chip P ack age

P LC C

C eram ic

H igh P ow er A C LE D

(T hin F ilm )F lip C hip

(In)G an

T hin F ilm /T hin G an

M ulti chip pack age

C eram ic M etal

MCPCB

S ource: LE D inside

Suitable LED light fixtures for LEDs of Different Specifications The light sources currently adopted by bulb-type LED fixtures are mostly single high power LED or AC LEDs with single-chip or multichip package. The single chip high power LEDs are generally used in MR16 and LED spot light products which require focused and high directional light source, while high power LEDs with multi-chip package are used as light source in 10W-above LED bulbs for replacing compact fluorescent lamps. The AC LEDs, limited by the technology bottle-neck of the AC LED chip, are generally used in 10W-below LED bulbs for replacing incandescent lamps. As to the bar-type light fixtures, most manufacturers currently adopt High Brightness LEDs with multi-chip package, with some using the high-power ones with multi-chip package.

Cost Comparison between LED and Traditional Light Sources In terms of cost, the $/Lm of current LEDs is approximately USD 0.01~0.02. After the steep price dropping of LED last year, the price difference of LED and traditional light sources has been narrowed from 5-10 times to 2-4 times, which is also one of the reasons causing the warming of the lighting-class LED market. However, as the traditional light source market is very mature, the prices of traditional lighting products are not changing in proportion with and brightness, while itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not the situation with LED products. As LED is semiconductor, the price will increase in proportion with the brightness. Considering the price, the 10W-below LED bulbs has the highest penetration rate currently. While the bar-type LED products with prices more than 20 times higher than traditional lighting bars are mainly introduced only to commercial market or government bids.

page 14

Special Report Figure-2 Comparison on $/Lm of LED and fluorescent lamp USD

0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 1Q08

2Q08

3Q08

LED $/Lm

4Q08

1Q09

2Q09

Fluorescent Lamp $/Lm

Europe and the U.S. Lighting-Class LED suppliers Cree Cree is an integrate LED supplier whose business covering from the upstream chip to the downstream packaging. Its Xlamp series released in recent years is very competitive in both luminous efficiency and lifespan, and has won much recognition in the lighting-class LED market. It has used silicone carbide substrate instead of sapphire substrate as the chip material which has 10 times Vertical thermal characteristics than Sapphire, and it is both thermal and electricity conductive, and can conduct the heat vertically. Besides, the formula and painting of phosphor are also with patented technology. Cree’s current LED products have already met most of the specifications in LM 79、LM 80 of the U.S. Energy Star lighting standards to be released soon this year, thus are with substantial advantages in future shipment into the illumination lighting market in the U.S. The High Power Xlamp series currently includes XR-E (7090 package),XR-C,XP-E (3535 package),XP-C and MC-E (7090 4 chip package). The differences between XP and XR is in the dimension of the package, with the XP downsized by nearly 80% to significantly saving the material cost. The luminous efficiency of XP has been improved to equivalent to that of XR, while the maximum suggestive operating current has been decreased to 700mA from 1Amp of XR series. XP-E with luminous efficiency up to 114Lm/W (cool white) MIN has entered large volume shipment. While the MC-E adopts 4 chip high power LED with multi-chip package, features a maximum overall luminous flux of 430Lm@350mA and the suggested maximum operating current of 700mA.

X L am p ® X R -E

X L am p ® X P -E

X L am p ® M C -E

S ingle C hip P ack age 7.0*9.0 3.3W

S ingle C hip P ack age 3.45*3.45 2.5W

M ulti C hip P ack age 7.0*9.0 8~12W

(1,000 m A ,3.3V )

(700 m A ,3.2V )

(700 m A per LE D ,3.2V )

8 ℃/W

9 ℃/W

3 ℃/W

80~107 (cool w hite)

87~114(cool w hite)

370~430(cool w hite)

CREE

O v erv iew

P ackag e D im en sio n (m m ) P o w er co n su m p tio n T h erm al R esistan ce F lu x(L m @ 350m A)

S ource: LE D inside, C om pany D ata

page 15

Special Report

OSRAM The LED segment of major illumination manufacturer OSRAM is in charge of the subsidiary OSRAM Opto Semiconductors. OSRAM Opto boosts the integration capability from chip making to the packaging, and has got several white LED patents. In the chip section, the company has developed the high brightness LED based on its ThinGan technology. The process is to form a metal film on the InGaN substrate and then peel off the sapphire, and the metal film can offer a reflective effect and achieve light output. In terms of the specifications of the high power product line, the products are divided by power consumption into Golden Dragon (1W),Platinum Dragon (3W),Diamond Dragon (5W), all with single high power LED packaged inside PLCC. Take the major products of Golden DRAGON-LUW W5AM and LCW W5AM-- for example, they features a luminous flux of 112~130Lm and 71~82Lm respectively, and their luminous efficiency are 100Lm/W and 64 Lm/W.

L U W W 5AM

L C W W 5AM

S ingle C hip P ack age

24*24

P o w er C o n su m p tio n

3.2V @ 350m A

T h erm al R esistan ce

6.5 ℃/W

C R I (T yp .)

F lu x (L m )

112-130

71-82

100

OSRA

O v erv iew

P ackag e D im en sio n (m m )

E fficien cy (L m /W ) S ource: LE D inside, C om pany D ata

Japan’s Lighting-Class LED suppliers Nichia

083B

Nichia mainly provides High Brightness LEDs with multi-chip package by parallel connecting several High Brightness LED chips on the PLCC package structural body. As the current distributed to each chip is rather small, the products can offer high luminous efficiency without generating excessive heat. In product strategy, Nichia has cooperated with Luminus and will also release high power LED products this year. The 083 model released by the company in recent year has been much preferred by many LED lighting fixture manufacturers. For instance, the current mainstream product 083B achieve a luminous efficiency of 100Lm/W at 300mA under 3.3V.

N ich ia

O v erv iew

P ackag e

M ulti chip P ack age 6.5*5.0

D im en sio n (m m ) P o w er C o n su m p tio n T h erm al R esistan ce

1W (300 m A ，3.3V ) 65 ℃/W

F lu x (L m ) E fficien cy (L m /W ) S ource: LE D inside, C om pany D ata

page 16

100 100 Lm /W

Special Report

Toyoda Gosei

T G 3535P K G

TG, the LED supplier with high market share in 3C backlight field, is also to release its 3W high power LED products this year. The process is to utilize the Flip chip technology to invert the high power LED upon the ceramic substrate, improving the reflection times though the reflective layer on the bottom. Lead frame is not needed thus the lead frame masking problem is eliminated which improves the luminous efficiency to 80Lm/W, and the dimension of product is shrunk to 3.5 x 3.5mm. The product is manufactured with inorganic materials thus boosts high reliability and long lifespan. The LEDs are already in the sample phase and is expected to enter mass production in the middle of this year.

T o yo d a G o sei

O v erv iew

S ingle chip P ack age

P ackag e

3.5*3.5

D im en sio n (m m ) P o w er C o n su m p tio n

U p to 700m A

T h erm al R esistan ce

Less than 10 ℃/W

F lu x (L m @ 350m A)

85-125 (cool w hite)

S ource: LE D inside, C om pany D ata

Taiwan LED Lighting Suppliers Edison Opto Edison Opto Corporation is a Taiwan-based leading high power LED packaging manufacturer. The company mainly offers high power LED components packaged in lead frames as well as in smaller-sized COB package since the latter half of last year. Its comprehensive LED product line ranges from 1 Watt to 100 Watt. For example, Edixeon ARC Series, which adopts chips from Taiwan and uses lead frame based single chip package offered in 1W/3W models, reaches a luminous flux of 100 LM at 350mA. In the product test, its Lumens depreciation is approximately 3% within 3000 hours. This series is designed for residential and commercial lighting.

E d ixeo n ® AR C

E d istar

S ingle C hip P ack age

M ulti chip on B oard

E d iso n

O v erv iew

P ackag e

14.5*8*5.3

D im en sio n (m m ) P o w er C o n su m p tio n

1W /3W

T h erm al R esistan ce CRI F lu x (L m ) E fficien cy (L m /W ) S ource: LE D inside, C om pany D ata

Another example is Edistar series, sealed in multi-chip package on a ceramic substrate for high power 50W/100W models. It reaches a luminous flux of 4000/ 7000 Lm and luminous efficacy of 70Lm/W. This series receives many inquiries as it can be directly applied to street lamps. However, multi-chip package for high power LEDs has difficult thermal issues which will affect the luminous efficacy and useful life. For the choice of this series, lighting fixture customers need to have considerable heat conductive capability.

page 17

(350/700 m A ) 13 ℃/W

30*30*1.04 50W /100W (2,400/3,000 m A ) N /A

75/90

100/170

4,000/7,000

Special Report

Lustrous Established in 2004, Lustrous Technology applies for patents in the United States through its parent company LUSTROUS, manufactures in Taiwan and sells products of the brand LUSTROUS. Lustrous’s general manager, Mr. Dawson Liu specially mentioned the company’s patented COB typed package for high power LEDs. With almost all COB package in parallel structure on the market, Lustrous Technology is the only company capable of a vertical structure. Its high power LEDs are silicon wafer COB packaged emitting white light from mixed double-color Nitride base phosphor followed by another optical processing after packaging. Its product line ranges from 5W to 10 W with 15 W to be developed in future. Currently, the following three new specifications are available: Diamond/Diamond Pro Series, luminous efficiency of 70-80 Lm/W, CRI around 75%. Crystal Series, CRI up to 92%, suitable for commercial lighting in department stores and showcases. Its high power LEDs can last as long as 15,000 hours.

D iam o n d

D iam o n d P ro

C rystal

P ackag e

M ulti chip on B oard

D im en sio n (m m )

20*20*1.7

36*34*4.3

P o w er C o n su m p tio n

10W

L u stro u s

O v erv iew

CRI

F lu x (L m )

350

530

550

E fficien cy (L m /W )

S ource: LE D inside, C om pany D ata

NeoPac Lighting NeoPac which has put much emphasis in the LED streetlight field has changed its product strategy and has begun stressing on the introduction of its light engine and development of various indoor or commercial lighting products. Jeffery Chen, CEO of the company noted that the company has got several patents covering chip manufacturing, packaging, thermal and so on, thus is to self-design the LED components and out-source the manufacturing. NeoPac Emitter, the latest product released by NeoPac, is high power LED component with multi-chip package. The 30W model can retain a luminous flux up to 1,500Lm, with the component size to be merely 14.1x14.1mm. Despite the 50Lm/W luminous efficiency, the component is able to control the junction temperature under 60°C by combining the company’s thermal module, sequentially ensuring the endurance and lighting characteristics of the LED light source. CEO Chen stressed that the current actually measured lumens depreciation data has reached 21 thousand hours, and the product life is estimated to be as long as over 60 thousand hours under room temperature below 25 ℃ . The 70Lm/W model of NeoPac Emitter is also to be released this year.

page 18

Special Report

N eo P ac E m itter N eo P ac

O v erv iew

P ackag e

M ulti C hip on B oard 14.1*14.1

D im en sio n (m m )

30W (30V /1A )

P o w er C o n su m p tio n CRI

75/90

F lu x (L m )

1520 50

E fficien cy (L m /W ) S ource: LE D inside, C om pany D ata

forum 2009

Taipei ,November 24 Powered by

LEDforum2009 Website http://seminar.ledinside.com

page 19

Special Report

Ecomaa: The Missio Recently, LEDinside paid a visit to Ecomaa, a Taiwan based company, due to LEDinside’s interest in Ecomma’s technology integration and cooler LED bulbs. As LED industry will grow in the long-term, therefore many manufacturers from other industries are joining the market and taking use of their advantages to develop LED related applications. Recently, Ecomaa has been marketing its own branded LED lighting products, which we can see in general retail stores.

Outstanding Thermal Method Creates “Cool LED bulbs” At first glance, Ecomaa's products are not prominent in specification such as lighting efficiency. The explanation for this is that Ecomaa tries to be realistic in specification, unlike some manufacturers who only provide the specification of lighting source. Ecomaa integrates the technology of lighting, electronics and precision metal stamping, thermal method and LED packaging technology, therefore their products have special predominance in competition. Ecomaa's LED bulbs use Cree's LED chips, which solve the quality problem and thermal issue at once. Ecomaa emphasizes that their special thermal method make the temperature on the surface of their LED bulbs no different from room temperature. Unlike others, their thermal fin won’t burn the hands of the user even after 3 hours of lighting. The temperature of their substrate still maintained at about 42 degrees. LEDinside’s analysts took a test and indeed, after several hours of conversation, the light bulb’s heat still felt lower than other general LED bulbs.

page 20

Special Report

2009: Own brand and OEM

Except own branded products, Ecomaa also takes OED orders. They put focus on big watt LED bulbs, which are used for indoor lighting. In 2009, Ecomaa will launch some new products. Especially, due to the improvement of chip technology, they will be able to launch the product whose lighting efficiency can reach above 50 LM/W.

on to Technology View from LEDinside Ecomaa's special thermal method brings the life of its LED bulbs to as long as 30-thousand hours, and their products are guaranteed for 2 years. But, like other manufacturers, while competing for the market of indoor-lighting, the relative high price is still the main obstacle for Ecomaa to lift sales of its LED bulbs. For consumers, there are still other choices whose lighting efficiency and costs are both superior to Ecomaa's products. Therefore except green, long-life and cooler, Ecomaa should try to bring added-value to their products. For example, the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Apple Lightâ&#x20AC;? LED bulbs make users look more beautiful, which may be able to persuade consumers to accept high priced LED products.

Ecomaa combines aluminum heat-sink thermal method with their patented fan technology, which takes away the heat by a special way of winding. Ecomaa says general components such as fans and powers tend to reduce the life of bulbs, but their components have special patents and thus can live for 30-thousand hours, which is the lifetime of their bulbs as well. Their products are compatible for the EU standard RoHS, and now they are applying patents in CE, UL and Energy Star (US).

page 21

Special Report

The Ultrathin and Power-saving New Generation LCD TV with LED Backlight Became the Focus on CES At the CES 2009 held in U.S in January, the TV brand manufacturers had all displayed their latest flat panel display products. Besides having the opportunity to know the most advanced technologies of these TV manufacturers, the mainstream specifications in future North America market can also be observed from the exhibited products which are mainly intended for that very market.

Samsung had been the most active brand among the LED TV brands exhibited on the show. It introduced 8 high-end products, expecting to increase its TV market share through LED TV products. Besides, on the OLED show, Sony released 21" and 27" original OLED TV sets, announcing OLED’s future position on TV market.

In the most significant annual consumer electronics show, the LED TV with LED backlight was sure to show up. From LEDinside's observation and analyze, the RG Phosphor white LED has shown a sign to win in the market. As the present high-end TV sets are mostly adopting LED backlight, emphasizing “absolute thinness” to seize the eyes of consumers on the top of the pyramid, more than half of the ultrathin series have adopted the edge-lighting backlight technology, and have used RG Phosphor white LED to reduce the number of LED and also cut down the backlight cost.

page 23

Special Report

Sony: displayed 21" and 27" original OLED model Except for the Sony 11" OLED model which has been put into mass production for over a year, models of larger sizes have not been announced to enter mass production yet, and this time Sony exhibited its 21" and 27" original sets. These two models have the same thickness with the 11", while the resolutions have been improved from 1024x600 to 1920x1080, and the color deeps are also improved to 10 bit.

Samsung: endeavoring on the LED TV series and set its product line separately Samsung is the most active brand in promoting LED TV, with its new plan to separate the LED backlight LCD TV from the original CCFL backlight LCD TV. This time it has exhibited 3 LED backlight product lines including 8 models of products. The LED TV displayed this time all adopted edge type LED backlight system which sets LED on the side and provides light to backlight module with a special guide plate. These series have a thickness of merely 6mm, which is the thinnest on the show. However, one of the disadvantages of this backlight technology is that local dimming canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be adopted as in the A950 series LCD screens for it only applies for direct-light type backlight technology.

page 24

Special Report

LG: LED TV series adopted direct-light type backlight to emphasize the image quality LG has exhibited its LEDTVâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;LHX and LH90 series on the show, the difference of which was simply wireless or not. Due to the adoption of direct type LED backlight technology, the thickness of these products are only 24.8mm, which though thicker than other edge-lighting backlight LED products, can still be cataloged to the ultrathin level. Besides the advantage of thinness, the "2 million:1" contrast ratio and 240HZ TrueMotion drive technology are also the pride. Giving up pursuing the thinnest appearance, the LH series had focused on the image quality, thus is believed to be worth expectation.

JVC: the lightest LED TV on the show JVC displayed its ultrathin series LED TV which adopted edge type backlight to have a 7mm thickness. However, this specification on thickness was still not a beat to Samsung, as JVC had emphasized that it was the lightest LED TV on the show. Besides that, the JVC series also has BD inside and was compatible to iPod.

Vizio: dedicated to both high specification and low price The Taiwan brand Vizio also displayed its own LED TV products on the show. As Vizio and LG are strategic partners, the exhibited products had the same specification with LG with 47inch panel and direct type backlight, while was only priced at US$ 1099. This TVs has been planned to enter the market in the summer of 2009.

page 25

Special Report

LED Mini-projector Explores More Possibilities for Consumer Market The currently projector in use are mainly based on 3LCD, DLP, LCoS and such technologies which though differ in color separation and projection principles, are mostly employing high-pressure halide or mercury lamp as white light sources, and separating white light into R、G、B the three primary colors through dichroic mirror, panel or color wheel. These traditional projection patterns are not able to downsize the projector when facing the portability requirement of modern time. As a result, to replace traditional lamps with LED ones has become one of the solutions of microminiaturizing the projector. The adoption of R、G、B primary color LED lighting source can effectively simplify the structure of the projector and realize the lightness and thinness of appearance when combining with DLP, LCoS and such technologies. Besides, comparing with the traditional lighting sources, the LED lighting source is also provided with many other advantages. Due to its semi-conductivity, the projector can be turned on and start to project in a very short time with the noise being avoided. And the trouble of replacing bulbs is also left out for the longer lifespan of LED. However, the brightness problem which causes the resolution inadequacy has remained the biggest barrier in LED’s application to projectors. The image resolution and lightness are still not to be attained both of them, while this could be realized as the luminous efficiency of LED being improved in the future. In CES Exhibition 2009 held in Las vegas from Jan. 8 to Jan. 11, the projector manufacturers had all displayed their LED mini-projector products. Most of the projectors weighed less than 1kg and were suitable to be carried along for use of brief reporting. Some manufacturers even apply the projecting function to cell phones, making the portable mini-projectors not so simple anymore, and thus bringing much more possibilities to the consumer market.

Toshiba displayed the newest LED Projector TDPF10U Toshiba TDP-F10U mobile LED projector had made its appearance on this show. With SVGA technology, 800 x 600 resolution, 800:1 contrast ratio and 16,77M kinds of projection colors, TDP-F10U is not so different from other pocket projectors. It weighs 1.4 pounds (about 635g), has the size of a paperback novel, and adopted LED as lighting source to have a luminance of 100 lumens. From the effect in practice, it’s quiet enough for 100 lumen luminance to project about 50inch-sized image, and just to block the light is needed to be noticed. Specification TDP-F10U M ethod of projection

D LP

A spect ratio

4:3 / 16: 9

Lam p life

over 20,000 hrs

B rightness

100 lum ens

C ontract ratio (F IF O )

800 : 1

R esolution

800*600 P ixels (S V G A )

Im age size

15" ~ 50"

C olor reproduction

F ull 16.7 M illion C olors

W eight

635g

P rice

$ 599 (set to launch in M ar.09)

Source:LEDinside

Toshiba TDP-F10U provides reliable projection service for users during the journey. This model is said to be put into the market in March, 2009 with the price of $599.

page 26

Special Report

Honlai exhibited pocket-sized mini-LED projector MP-100

Atlantis released the first palm-sized miniLED projector APSE-10A

Honlai introduced MP100 LED mini-projector on the show. Adopting LCoS mini-projection technology and 5W 15 lumen luminance LED lighting source, MP100 projects 5 to 37inch-sized image of VGA level resolution ( 640 x 480 ). With the AV / VGA image input end, it can go with NB/Mobile Phone/DVD Player. Though the contrast ratio is no more than 200:1, the projector weighs only 300g which makes it worth expectation nevertheless .

Atlantis released the first palm-sized mini-LED projector APSE-10A on the show. In spite of the palm size and a weight around 100g, APSE-10A can project 50inch-sized image of VGA level resolution (640*480), thus is very suitable for businessmen to bring out for brief reporting or watching movies outdoors. The Atlantis APMP-N70 mini-projector combined with GSM tri-band cell phone is also released on the exhibition, while was without detailed specifications.

Specification MP100

Specification

M ethod of projection

LC oS

Method of projection

LCoS

A spect ratio

4:3

Focus

Manual

F ocus

M anual

Lamp source

LED

Lam p source

LE D (3W )

Lamp life

over 20,000 hrs

Lam p life

over 20,000 hrs

Brightness

15 lumens

B rightness

A N S I / 10 -15 lum ens

Contract ratio (FIFO)

150 : 1

C ontract ratio (F IF O )

200 : 1

Resolution

640*480 Pixels (VGA)

R esolution

640*480 P ixels (V G A )

Image size

15" ~ 50"

Im age size

15" ~ 37"

Weight

100g

C olor reproduction

F ull 16.7 M illion C olors

Dimension

114*64*25 mm(L*W*H)

W eight

300g

Price

$399

Dimension

130*110*60 mm(L*W*H)

Source:LEDinside

P rice

$200

Source:LEDinside

page 27

APSE-10A

Special Report

LED Mini-projector Explores More Possibilities for Consumer Market Specification HC 7500A M ethod of projection

D LP

Lam p life

over 20,000 hrs

B rightness

700 lum ens

C ontract ratio

350 00 : 1

(F IF O ) R esolution

1920*1080(1080P )

P rice

$ 13999 (set to launch in Jun.09)

Source:LEDinside

Vivitek displayed 1080p enterprise-level projector with LED lighting source Though there have been many projectors using LED as lighting source, most of them are intended for rather minor application fields. The projectors of 1080p level are rare to see, not to say the enterprise-level 1080p projectors. Vivitek introduced HC 7500Aâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; the first enterprise-level 1080p projector which adopts LED as lighting source. This curve-shaped, lenscenter-designed DLP projector was priced $13,999. It has 700 lumen luminance, 35000:1 contrast ratio and over 20000 hours LED lamp life, will begin to be sold from June, 2009.

Viewpoint of LEDinside In long term, LED projector will not only gain more application spaces in cell phone, portable digital display devices and other portable consumer markets, but also more and more often be seen in notebook, projectors for office use, family use and even business use. With the improvement of LED in luminous efficiency, it is virtually a necessity for projection lighting source to turn to developed LED. As the obstacles being got over gradually, LED projector lighting source will become a new outlet for the LED industry in time.

page 28

Special Report LEDinside estimates the market penetration rate of LED TV to be 2% in 2009 and 11% in 2012 LED TV market features infinite imagination and space but is immature yet. LEDinside estimates the market penetration rate of LED TV to be 2% in 2009 and 11% in 2012 With the TV brand manufacturers all introducing new LCD TVs with LED backlights, LED TV has gradually become one of the trump applications in LED industry. LEDinside projects that if all LCD TVs feature LED backlight, the consumption of LED in TV section would be 8 times larger than that in the 1-billion-a-year cell phone market. On the other hand, prices of LED TVs are 60% higher than that of the established LCD TVs, and the supply chain of the backlight module is still immature. For example, the edge type backlight technology causes over-denseness of LEDs and makes the heat dissipation a problem. In addition, the 40" plus larger size light directional panel which is difficult to manufacture are currently provided by Japanese manufacturers. In one word, under the situation of higher cost and some components only provided by a few manufacturers, the LED TV is still facing many obstacles before being mass produced. Therefore, LEDinside has conservatively estimated a mere 2% penetration rate for LED TVs this year. While in the future, as the costs of LED and CCFL backlight module get closer and the LED TV's prices are cut down, this rate can be expected to reach 11%, and the consumption of LEDs in global LCD TVs market will be equivalent to 63% of that in cell phone market.

page 29

Special Report

The consumption amount of LEDs in LCD TV market will be 8 times larger than that in cell phone market In the CES 2009 report, LEDinside had discussed the 2009 development trend of the new generation LED backlight LCD TVs. After the brand manufacturers have all introduced new LED backlight high-end LCD TVs, LED TVs have gradually became a focus in the industry. Some major manufacturers even estimate the output of LED TVs to take a portion of 10% in the total output. So, the predominant strength of brand TV manufacturers will have an impact on the changes in LED industry. Then, how deep will LED TV influence the LED industry? Take the cell phone market, the current biggest LED application field, for example. With an annual cell phone output to be more than 1 billion units, LEDs can be found in the backlight source, flashlight or the keyboard buttons of each cell phone, so LEDinside has estimated the LED consumption amount in cell phones to be roughly above 10 billion grains every year. Then if all LCD TVs adopt LED backlight (assuming the LCD TVs with edge-type c composing 70% and ones with direct-type replicate composing 30%), the overall scale of LED TV market will be 8 times bigger than that in cell phone market. This is why the LED manufacturers all look forward to see the explosive power of LEDs in the TV market and are paying close attention to the blossom of LED TV market to decide when to purchase several more MOCVDs.

The development of LED backlight technology At present, the LED TV backlight technologies can be divided into Direct Type and Edge Type. There are also three different types of light sources: RGB LED, blue LED plus double color fluorescent powder and blue LED plus YAG.

There are also different solutions of light source, first of which is to use blue LED with double color fluorescent powder (red and green powder or yellow and green powder). Another method is to use blue LED with YAG. The white light produced by blue LED and double color fluorescent powder offers better color rendering and better The direct type technology is good for that the LED backlight is image effect than that produced by blue LED and YAG. However, scattered directly on the back of the panel, and Local Dimming the blue LED plus YAG method is a better choice when considering technology can be implemented to brighten or darken the image in cost and lifetime. independent small areas to achieve a more obvious image contrast. RGB LED is adopted as the light source to blend out the white light. The disadvantage is that this method requires more LED grains and the cost is higher. Besides, the small distance between LED light source and diffuser plate causes the difficulty in light blending. What's more, the different life times of large number of LEDs could cause unevenness of image. Because of the high cost, the direct type technology is mostly utilized in high-end products focusing on the high quality of the image. In edge type backlight technology, the LED light source is set on the edge and white light is scattered evenly onto the panel through a light directional board. The advantage is that it can reduce the amount of LEDs and lower the cost, and the shortcoming is that Local Dimming technology can not be implemented so the contrast and saturation are not as good as that provided by direct type backlight technology.

page 30

Special Report

LED TVs are still comparatively expensive Acceptance from consumers are still unclear Figure-1 Samsung LED TV VS. LCD TV Retail Price

Figure-2 Samsung LED TV VS. LCD TV Retail Price USD

Price Gap

LED TV(LN46A950)

LCD TV(LN46A 650)

4,000

100%

3,000

80% 60%

2,000

40% 1,000

20%

0% Q3’08

Q4’08

Q1’09

Source:LEDinside

As the difference between LED backlight and CCFL backlight technologies only relies on adoption of different backlight sources, the change in TV size is not so substantial as in the transformation from CRT to LCD TVs. So, is it essential for consumers to pay a price difference of USD 500~1,000 for a panel thinner by merely a couple of inches, or for an improvement in image contrast? Though the TV brand manufacturers have set proactive goals in LED TV output, LEDinside holds that the high-end LED TV sales will be suppressed during the global economy downturn this year. Another important factor limiting LED TV's market penetration is the immature supply chain of the LED backlight module. As the requirements on brightness and specifications of LEDs are different from NB backlight, and that the edge-type backlight technology comes with over-denseness of LEDs which makes the heat dissipation a problem, the LED manufacturers have to work in accordance with the brand TV manufacturers to provide customized services with a higher cost. With respect to the components, 40" plus larger size light directional panel which are hard to make are currently mainly provided by Japanese manufacturers. Therefore, LED TVs are still facing many obstacles before being generally produced under the current situation. According to panel research agency WitsView survey, the global LCD TV output of 2009 can be expected to reach 114 million in 2009. And LEDinside estimates the global LED TV market penetration rate of 2009 to be around 2%(Figure-3), with larger size high end LED TVs playing a major role in the market. In the future, as the prices of LED backlight and CCFL backlight module get closer, there will be more space for the end product price to be cut down. As smaller-sized LCD TVs are also beginning to implement LED backlight, the market penetration rate of LED TV can be hoped to grow up to 11% by 2012, with the amount of LEDs used in global LCD TVs equivalent to 63% of that used in cell phones.

LEDinside holds a conservative attitude with respect to of LED TV sales of 2009. There are not many LED TV models currently in market. To observe the end market prices of LCD TVs, both Samsung's and LG's 46inchers are priced around USD 2,300~2,400, while the LED TVs introduced by Sony are priced between USD 2,300 and USD 2,400. Taking Samsung's LN46A 950 for example, the 2008 released model utilizing direct type LED backlight and Local Dimming technologies was sold at a price around USD 2,488 in the first quarter of 2009, with a price difference as high as USD 500~1,000 or 60~80% comparing with traditional 120Hz high-end LCD TVs. (Figure-1) Figure-3 LED LEDTV TVpenetration penetrationrate rateininLCD LCDTV TVmarket market Figure-2 Unit:LEDinside 200

11.0%

12% 9%

150

7.0%

100

4.0% 50

1.0%

0.1%

2.0%

3% 0%

2007

2008

2009

WW LCD TV Shipment

2010

2011

LED TV Shipment

2012 LED TV Penetration rate

Source:LEDinside,WitsView

Figure-3 Figure-4LED LEDBacklight BacklightUnits UnitsConsumption Consumption

12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0

2007

2008

Total LED for LED TV Source:LEDinside

page 31

2009

2010

Total LED for Handset

2011

2012

Special Report

Could existing LED providers keep the competitiveness in LED TV market? The existing LED manufacturers are all ready to enter the LED TV market. Both the LED manufacturers or panel providers are hoping to replicate the success pattern in the NB supply chain in the new LCD TV backlight field. However, there is much space for discuss whether they could still keep their advantages in this market. From the patent perspective, towards TV brand manufacturers, Japan's major LED providers haven't shown as strong a patent-protective attitude as towards the NB manufacturers before. In the NB supply chain, to avoid the patent issues filed by LED providers, the brand NB manufacturers had preferred to give up the purchase power of LED to panel manufacturers for them to guarantee the LED used in NB are free from patent infringement issues.

LEDinside holds that the purchase power of LED will belong to the brand TV manufacturers in future LCD TV component supply chain. For example, Samsung has observed the importance of LED in the LCD TV market and begun to establish large scale self-owned LED capacity. If the LED manufacturing technologies of these brand manufacturers are developed to a certain level, the existing LED providers of Taiwan or Japan will have no choice but colleting royalty or receiving OEM orders beyond the brand manufacturers' own capacity. Therefore, it could be a beginning of another disaster for the LED or panel providers to blindly expand their capacity before obtaining brand advantages.

However, in the TV component supply chain, as the market share of the five major brand manufacturers including Samsung, LG, Sharp, Sony and Philip is close to 70%, and there are other products except TV in which LEDs are used for these brands, the LED providers are unwilling to offend these big customers. The immaturity of the LED TV market is the other reason why the LED providers are reluctant to file patent issues against brand TV manufacturers to avoid holding back the development of the market. page 32

LED Application

Innovative applications for LED Grote unveiled development of flexible LED strips “The Best Light Bulb in the World” Released by Fortuna Company Color-Changing RGB LED Floor Lamp Illuminant Lamp Looks Like a Creepy Hovering Jellyfish LED Bulb Features Gnarly Golden Heatsink LED Skull Table Lamp LightPot is a Simple and Elegant way to Grow Plants in Your Lamp Striker magnetic LED flashlight Summer Solar Lights with LEDs The Monstrous Ring LED Flash Light The Stylish LED Shower Doors Wine Glass Light Bulb World's largest color-changing LED floor Bulbdial Clock with LEDs The Stylish Wooden LED Desk Lamp Soft Shell Baby Fish LED Lighting LED Light Wall: Wouldn’t it be nice? LAMA Concept's CELL + LED Carpet Illuminated LED Furniture

page 33

LED Application

1.Grote unveiled development of flexible LED strips Grote Industries, a leading manufacturer and marketer of vehicle lighting and safety systems, has disclosed its development of LightForm, a new flexible LED strips product. With a thickness of merely 1mm, the LightForm saved 98 per cent material in the manufacture process comparing with its correspondents. The strips can be twisted, bended and even cut into shape. It will also be self-adhesive to vehicles through the elimination of brackets, fasteners and drilling. The paper-thin new product is planned to be released in the market by the end of 2009, according to the company, and with a competitive price comparing with the standard LED lights. http://www.grote.com/

2.“The Best Light Bulb in the World” Released by Fortuna Company The new GeoBulb LED light bulb introduced by the Fortuna-based C. Crane Company uses 7.5W to provide as much light as a 60-watt incandescent light bulb with a typical lifespan of 30,000 hours -- or 10 years, and has been claimed as “the best light bulb in the world” by the Fortuna-based Company. It comes in three color spectrums: cool, soft and warm. The bulb can reduce worldwide energy use by 10 percent, cutting energy bills in half over the next 10 years, according to Robert C. Crane, President of the company. Featuring all the advantages of an energy efficient light bulb, the GeoBulb is comparatively high priced—$119 currently. To lower the cost is among the efforts the company has planned to make in the future, said Jessica Gillette, director of sales and marketing. http://www.ccrane.com/

3.Color-Changing RGB LED Floor Lamp Color seduces, color amuses, and color invites extravagance and motion. Equipped with threecolor LED lighting, this sensible floor lamp with white pleated fabric and a matt white concrete base goes through every color of the rainbow once switched on. Made by French company Colonne, the 6' lamp uses two RGB drivers and 14 LEDs to power the three-color LED lighting system. And much like TVs, this lamp can reproduce the entire color spectrum by adjusting the levels of these three colors. You can fixate on a single color, run through a preselected loop of 7 colors, or create your own pallate to look at. And using the remote, you can select what mode or color you want to view. But such convenience comes at a cost $2300.

BeLight 34

LED Application

4.Illuminant Lamp Looks Like a Creepy Hovering Jellyfish The otherworldly-looking lamp is designed by Icelandic designer Kristín Birna Bjarnadóttir with basic reflective material which normally used for safety clothing and an LED light source. The lamp itself suspended from the ceiling with fishing line colored disks placed on top of the LED unit alter the color of light reflected and distributed by the shade. A LED bulb is placed in a cylinder on the floor and 4 colored glass plates are included (red, violet, blue and brown). LED Illuminant looks like a jellyfish living in deep sea. http://www.kristinbirna.com/

5.LED Bulb Features Gnarly Golden Heatsink LED light bulbs come in all sorts of strange sizes and shapes, but this offered by Chinavision is unabashed in its design. Featuring an aluminum, curvilinear design, a series of diecast cooling fins dissipate heat from the internal circuitry. Meanwhile, LEDs put out 400 lumens for 50,000 hours while sipping on just 7W. The bulb is available for $30. http://www.chinavasion.com/

6.LED Skull Table Lamp The following is the most terrifying table lamp named Frankie. It's shaped like a skull with some sort of horrifying modification over where the mouth should be. The eyes are interchangeable LED or halogen bulbs, allowing you to choose just how intense the stare from this thing is gonna be. The whole thing weighs 11 pounds, and is probably expensive due to the fact that you need to contact the artist for pricing. http://www.fakasaka.com/

7. LightPot is a Simple and Elegant way to Grow Plants in Your Lamp LightPot is a minimalist table lamp, with a bed of soil for tending to small, green lifeforms. Half table lamp and half modern plant pot, the Lightpot features a telescoping LED light and shade, which raises up as the plant gets bigger. For those who would love to grow more plants indoors, this new Lightpot by Studio Shulab may be just the thing you need. Created by designers from Studio Shulab, The Lightpot just debuted at IMM Cologne 2009 and we can’t wait to see it in stores. http://www.shulab.com/ page 35

LED Application

8.Striker magnetic LED flashlight The following golf-ball-sized flashlight is unlike any other, shaped like an underwater mine and bristling with LEDs loaded with one particularly powerful LED. Its twelve points are tipped with powerful neodymium magnets, clinging to any steel surface and letting you aim it every way. That LED inside benefits from the recent advances in those high-efficiency light sources, so this little hotshot can blast out the light, and fits in tight places while doing its illuminating work. The price of this Striker magnetic LED mine is $9. http://www.strikerhandtools.com

9.Summer Solar Lights with LEDs Spring is slowly emerging and people are dreaming of outdoor barbecues and parties on the deck. The following solar lights from Ikea look pretty darn nice, they're exactly what you need to brighten your outdoor spaces this summer. Powered by the sun, Ikea’s lights store the power in replaceable and rechargeable batteries. The lights themselves are all LEDs, which consume 70% less energy and last up to 4 times as long as regular bulbs. The beauty of outdoor solar powered lights is that you don’t have to bury any electric lines or run outlets through the yard. Not only do they reduce your electric demand, but they are just practical and handy. You can take them with you on camping trips, bring them to you neighbor’s party or even use them indoors. They're listed on the Ikea site quite cheaply (5 for $15, 5 for $20)

10.The Monstrous Ring LED Flash Light SR Electronics' new Digi-Slave Flex-Ring 6400a can be a handy accessory when photographing jewelry, small parts, or anything where you need shadow-free macro photography. This monstrous ring light features 64 oversized LEDs—that's 32 around the lens and an extra 16 on each flexible flank. With light approaching your subject from every visible angle, the Digi-Slave is a very simple way to eliminate shadow in macro photography. The price is US $360. http://www.srelectronics.com/

11.Illuminated LED Furniture The ‘Stardust’ series by Italian furniture company Meritalia uses the glow of built-in lowvoltage LED lights to illuminate these sofas, pillows, armchairs and footstools. It’s extremely lightweight thanks to the packing materials-inspired design. It could be very cool for nighttime pool parties. http://www.meritalia.it

page 36

LED Application

12.The Stylish LED Shower Doors The Cromobox LED shower door is an innovative evolution of Antonio Lupi’s amazing decorative shower doors design. It is designed to change colors across a spectrum in order to promote relaxation. The Cromobox LED shower features a full spectrum of cool shades that impact you from the inside out. Lift your spirits every morning with invigorating green; turn up the heat with vivid red; soothe your soul at night with the calming effects of a true blue hue. These vibrant colors splash the doors, illuminating the modern Mosaico pattern on the Duroglass enclosures. This stylish LED door makes a great addition to any bathroom, and it looks great, even when it’s not lit. Turn your bathroom into a home spa – shower yourself in light and enjoy the benefits of chromotherapy right in your own home. http://www2.antoniolupi.it/

13.Wine Glass Light Bulb These wine-glass-shaped stuffs designed by Guido Ooms can light too, with the twenty high intensity LEDs that should last a good 10 years. The 7.5″×2.7″size is exactly that of a standard wine glass, which is about 3″ longer than a normal bulb. For as much as $120, the sophisticated drunk can take this novelty light bulb home and add a touch of class to their home bar. http://charlesandmarie.com/

14.World's largest color-changing LED floor Cape Town-based light manufacturer Kubik has manufactured a color-changing LED floor with 95m², which is the largest of its kind in the world. The floor elements will be assembled like a jigsaw puzzle in less than four days, and was the highlight of the new showroom of UAE-based furniture giant Pan Emirates, which is situated next to the Mall of the Emirates. Almost 15 000 LEDs were used for this project. The red, green and blue color-changing LEDs have an expected lifespan of 10 to 15 years. The color settings and animation are controlled by an in-house developed computer system.

15.Bulbdial Clock with LEDs Last year, the concept of a Bulbdial clock with LEDs has been brought out by David Friedman from Ironic Sans, and the guys at Evil Mad Scientist have just made it true. This Bulbdial clock can work like a sundial. The only real difference between Friedman's concept and Evil's working device is that they simplified the mechanics by mounting a ring of lights at three different heights instead of a single rotating light to achieve the shadow effect. Complete instructions on how to make one yourself are available on the EMS Labs website and there is talk of producing a kit for sale. Hell, I would probably buy one. You can use the Bulbdial Clock as a conventional sundial or you can mount it on walls for a more convenient way of telling time across large spaces. http://www.evilmadscientist.com/ page 37

LED Application

16.The Stylish Wooden LED Desk Lamp The following is a Tunto LED desk lamp, which is designed by Tunto owner and founder Mikko Kärkkäinen and is also the winner of Red Dot Design Award 2009. This stylish LED desk lamp is made of warped oak or walnut and activated solely by touch, so it is free of any switches. So, all it needs is a gentle touch! The innovative LED lamp is truly a masterpiece combining digital technology and wood into a seamless design. The wooden lamp sells for $640. http://www.tunto.com/

17.Soft Shell Baby Fish LED Lighting The Fish-Shaped Accent Lights based on LED lighting was designed by Lumolar, a Canadian based design firm. These Soft Shell Baby Fish Tide LED was actually inspired by Sushi. The designers were commissioned to design a sushi restaurant and from that spawned this fish inspired lighting. They are unique looking and also change colors. It was also designed with the environment in mind, “That includes the 80,000-hour life span, 80% energy savings over conventional lighting technologies, and mercury-free construction enabled by LUXEON Rebel LEDs, an eco-friendly light engine as well as an outside shell made of materials that otherwise would go to a landﬁll.” http://luxzil.com/

18.LED Light Wall: Wouldn’t it be nice? The latest LED light wall by Daniel DeSure is a refreshing wall display that promises to attract many a viewer. Hailed as “Wouldn’t it be nice?”, the radical wall scatters the LED messages to create different artistic designs, courtesy of the programmable LED lights, on the wall. Call it a sculpture, creative design or a signboard, the new LED wall design is an innovative manifestation of the LED technology, which would give a new cool look to modern apartments. http://www.foundla.com/sys/shows/wouldnt-it-be-nice/

19.LAMA Concept's CELL + LED Carpet Dutch designers Yvonne Laurysen and Erik Mantel cut industrial woolfelt into strings and combine them to form cell-like structures with LEDs added to it too. The CELL + LED Carpet was first seen on the Airbus A350 businessclass. Tweak the 32 available colors, striped pattern, number of LEDs, and rug shape for a custom look. Take it a step further with your choice of LED color! http://www.lamaconcept.nl/

page 38

LED Application

20.Liquidleds's LED bulb with liquid immersed heat management solution Liquidleds Lighting Corp. invents high power LED light bulb package with "liquid immersed heat management solution (LITMs).” This revolution technology provides a unique solution to heat dissipation as well as luminosity of LED light bulbs. Furthermore, Liquidleds is the first in the world to operate under alternating current in liquid medium without voltage conversion. Adopting traditional light bulb designs of “Edison base” and making the light bulbs to be highly compatible with existing home-use lighting fixtures. All components are environmental characteristically with certified CE and RoHS. Every product has tested under extreme working environment with both certified UL and CUL. Liquidleds continuously improves its own products in various aspects and constantly expanding its product roadmap in different applications. Not only the major products like 2W, 4W, or 5W light bulbs, but also, Liquidleds has developed 8W, 12W and 16W light bulbs with an innovative module; the brightness can be reach more than 600 high lumens. Liquidleds is looking forward to expand its products and services in worldwide home-use general lighting. Moreover, Liquidleds extends its product line to apply the unique technology to DC LED re-package solution under the cooperation with famous high power LED companies, for instance, Osram, Cree, Nichia, Seoul Semiconductor Inc. and Lumileds.

page 39

LED Knowledge

The Collocation of Zener Diode with LED The photoelectric transformation efficiency of LED (Light Emitting Diode) is rather high. The basic structure of LED is an electroluminescent semiconductive crystal chip set on a frame with lead wire, and with an airtight epoxy resin package to protect the core wires. The chip radiates when having current running through, with different colors of lights been emitted by different types of semi-conductors. The working principle of LED: the minor amount of carriers injected into the PN junctions of some semi-conductive materials can combine with the larger amount of carriers and release the extra energy in the form of photons, and the transformation from electrical power to optical energy is realized. When reverse voltage is imposed to the PN junction, the minor amount of carriers is difficult to be injected and light is not emitted.

What is zener diode?

When current breakdown occurs on a diode with the breakdown current not so high as in avalanche breakdown, the diode wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be damaged while the reverse voltage of the diode will be stabled to a specified value; and when the directional voltage imposed on the opposite ends of the diode is removed, the diode will recover automatically without any damage; this kind of breakdown is call zener breakdown. And this characteristic of zener breakdown was employed to invent the zener diode.

Major applications: 1.Surge protection 2.Overvoltage protection in TV sets 3.Arcing suppression 4.Series voltage regulator Zener diode can be applied in LEDs. For example,when manufacturing high power LEDs,we can either connect a zener diode ESD in parallel or connect a zener diode in series to help stable the voltage and protect LED components from being damaged by current.

Zener diode is the kind of semi-conductive component which always has rather high resistance until under ultimate reverse breakdown voltage. When under the ultimate voltage,the reverse resistance will decrease to a minor value, with the current increasing and voltage remaining stable in this low resistance area. Zener diode are divided into different types according to its breakdown voltages.Due to this property, zener diodes are chiefly used as voltage regulator or voltage reference components to exert its C-V characteristic. Zener diode can be connected in series to gain several stable voltages and be used under higher voltages. The differences between zener diode and Ge diode are: if the reverse voltage, also called bias voltage, increases to certain value, a minor change of the bias voltage will cause a substantial increase of current. And the voltage rendering this effect is named breakdown voltage or zener voltage. For example, for the 2DW7 diode, the breakdown voltage is between 5.8V and 6.5V, and the maximum current is 30mA.

page 40

LED Knowledge

Differences between Hot and Cold Light Source Cold light source: light source which is excited by chemical energy, electrical energy or bio-energy (firebug, neon light LED and so on). Cold light source features excellent optical and shining characteristics. If an object radiates with its temperature not getting higher than the environmental temperature, then it can be defined to be cold light source.

source can’t be relied to distinguish a hot light source from cold light source, but can only be a proof of poor heat dispersion design. the cold light source substitutes the heat light source judging from the current developing tendency of white light LEDs. Hence, LED can be regarded as a kind of cold light source.

Hot light source and cold light source can’t merely be separated from the definitions. In fact, cold light source is not that doesn’t generate heat when emitting light, but that doesn’t radiate in the way of converting thermal energy into optical energy. The incandescent lamp is a typical example of converting electrical power into thermal energy and then into luminous energy, with a result of high heat exhaust and low luminous efficiency. It shouldn’t be far ahead when Hot light source: light source which is exited by thermal energy, for the cold light source substitutes the heat light source judging from the example, the incandescent lamp radiate from thermal luminescence current developing tendency of white light LEDs. Hence, LED can be under temperature of 3,000－4,000K. The luminous efficiency regarded as a kind of cold light source. of incandescent lamp is rather low with 80－90％ of the energy transformed to thermal power and only around 10% converted to optical power. The high temperature of the exterior shell of the light Strictly speaking, LED is emitting light by electroluminescence with heat generated in the process, though less than that of incandescent lamp. The LED has a electricity-to-light transformation rate of about 30%, the interior quantum efficiency of around 70％ (near to theoretical maximum value), and external quantum efficiency around 50％(just experimental data, not the precise value.)

page 41

LED Knowledge

What are the main factors influencing the thermal resistance value of LED components? And how to decrease it? 1.The thermal resistance of the LED chip is related to its structure and original material. Therefore, it is principle to decrease the thermal resistance value of the LED itself. 2.Different thermal conductivities of copper, aluminium or other heat sink materials can influence the thermal resistance of LED. So, to choose appropriate heat sink material is a way to decrease the thermal resistance of LED components.

On The Factors Influencing the Thermal Resistance of LED Components The thermal resistance of a material is its resistant effect against thermal conduction. The unit of thermal resistance is â&#x201E;&#x192;/W , representing the temperature difference across a structure when a unit of heat energy flows through it in unit time. After the LED is lightened and the thermal conduction stabled, as every watt of power on the chip surface being consumed, the temperature difference between the PN junction and the linking bracket or heating panel is the thermal resistance value of the LED. The thermal resistance value is most often represented as Î¸ or R, the temperatures of the joint face and of the point to which the heat has been conducted as Tj and Tx respectively, and the heating output as P. The bigger the thermal resistance value is, the more difficult the heat is being conducted, and thus the higher the component temperature is. From the thermal resistance value, the heating condition of the component can be decided or estimated. The lower the thermal resistance value is, the faster the chip dissipates heat outward. Therefore, to lower the temperature of the PN junction in the chip is helpful to lengthen the life-span of LED.

3.Even in condition of applying the same heat sink material, the size of the cooling area is directly related to the LED thermal resistance. The well- designed and large-sized second-time cooling system will decrease the thermal resistance and can be helpful to increase the lighting efficiency and lengthen the life-span of the LED. 4.Whether the LED chip is linked by the thermal conductive glue or is connected directly to the metal and the kind of the glue or metal used can both be of influences on the LED thermal resistance value. The thermal resistance of the joint face between the LED and the second-time cooling system should be as low as possible. 5.The temperature of the operational environment can affect the thermal resistance of the LED component. The suggestion is to keep the surrounding temperature as low as possible. 6.Pay attention to some technological details as adopting right materials and controlling the rated power input. Improve the cooling system of the LED with the precondition of increasing its lighting efficiency and life-span.

To sum up, we must take the following points in consideration when designing LED components: 1.To decrease the thermal resistance value of the chip. 2.To optimize the thermal conducting passage. a.Passage infrastructure: Length: the shorter the better; Size: the larger the better; the few segments the better; get rid of the thermal conducting bottleneck in the passage. b.The higher thermal conductivity value Îť of the passage material the better. c.To improve the packaging technology to make the linking between the segments more tight and reliable. 3.To enhance the thermal conducting function. 4.To adopt the optical passage materials of higher thermal conductivity.

page 42

LED Knowledge

The Fundamental Summary of LED SiC Substrate Silicon carbide is also called emery powder or refractory sand. The usual manufacturing process of SiC is to combine silica sand, tar (or coke), woodchip (and salt when manufacturing green SiC) and other materials in an electric resistance furnace at a high temperature. Silicon carbide is usually divided into two categories, the black SiC and the green SiC, both having a hexagonal crystal structure, a density of 3.2 -3.25g/cm and microhardness of 28403320kg/mm2. The black SiC is manufactured with silica sand, tar and high quality silica as main materials in an electric resistance furnace at a high temperature. It is of hardness between corundum and diamond, mechanical robustness higher than corundum, crisp and sharp. The green SiC is manufactured with tar and high quality silica as main material, salt as additive, and in an electric resistance furnace at a high temperature. The hardness of green SiC is also between corundum and diamond, and mechanical robustness is higher than corundum. Silicon carbide is of high hardness, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and is oxidation resistant under high temperature. It can be used as abrasive material or be made into abrasive tools such as abrasive wheel, sharpening stone, grinding unit, abrasive segment and so on. It can also be used as high temperature material and deoxidant in metallurgy. There are four major fields where silicon carbide is in general application: functional ceramics, high grade refractory, abrasive and metallurgy materials. And high-purity silicon carbide can further be used in semiconductor and silicon carbide fibre production. Due to its unique physical and electrical properties, silicon carbide has become the best semi-conductor in some applications such as short wavelength photoelectric cell, high temperature, radiation resistant element and high frequency, high power component.

Its major advantages are as below: 1.Wide energy level(eV) 4H-SiC: 3.26 6H-Sic: 3.03 GaAs: 1.43 Si: 1.12 2.High thermal conduct efficiency(W/cm K@RT) 4H-SiC: 3.0-3.8 6H-SiC: 3.0-3.8 GaAs: 0.5 Si: 1.5 3.High disruptive field intensity 4H-SiC: 2.2x106 6H-SiC: 2.4x106 GaAs: 3x105 Si: 2.5x105 4.High saturated electron drift velocity(cm/sec @E 2x105V/cm) 4H-SiC: 2.0x107 6H-SiC: 2.0x107 GaAs: 1.0x10 Si: 1.0x107 With its wide energy level, the electronic components made of SiC are able to work under extremely high temperatures, can resist voltage and electric field 7 times larger than silicon and gallium arsenide, and is therefore especially good material in manufacturing high pressure and high power components, like high pressure diode. In addition, SiC is good thermal conductor with better conductivity than any other semiconduct materials. These excellent characteristics have made SiC widely used in both industry and military fields

page 43

LED Knowledge Do you believe that colors are actually alive? They are flexible and can easily influence our mood from the color changes in the environment.Although most of us have got used to the white or warm light in our living space, the new LED color-changing lamp has been invented with light and color adjustment functions which can be used to change the atmosphere of the space.

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s LED Colorchanging Lamp

LED color-changing lamp consists of a capacitor step-down power supply, a LED controller and G. R. B three elementary color LED arrays. Despite having the same appearance with the regular opal lamp, it can change color automatically upon a certain interval of time to emit cyan, yellow, green, purple, blue, red and white lights in turns. The color-changing elements of the lamp is the three elementary colored LEDs: when two of the three are illuminated, the lamp can emit yellow, purple or cyan lights (purple light when red and blue LEDs are illuminated); if all the three color LEDs are brightened, white light will be emitted. If there is a circuit in which the three LEDs can be switched on separately in groups of two, in group of one and in groups of all three, then seven different colors of lights can be emitted. Then, the color of the external bulb of the lamp must be cream in order to blend the different colors while transparent materials should not be adopted. LED color-changing lamp can not only be used in family birthday parties and festival gatherings to add some gaiety to the atmosphere, but can also be applied in places of entertainment or in advertising. For example, the blue light shadow can set off the freshness and mildness of a 6 oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;clock morning. The warm yellow, adorable pink, light-hearted green are suitable for tranquil and comfortable scenes, while the romantic violet can remind one of beautiful past memories. The atmosphere of living or business spaces can be changed by the color change of light rather than that of decoration or lamps. However, this kind of lamp also has a disadvantage, as the cost of colorchanging controlling circuit is rather high, and the lifespan of the drive circuit also needs to be taken into consideration. At present, there have been many solutions in the industry to cope with such problems, and it can be predicted that such applications will become more general after 2009, and the thriving of the LED illumination market will be seen in 2010.

LED Knowledge

Tips for Choosing White Light LED Drive IC It has been discovered that the constant pressure source drive canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t ensure the brightness consistency of LED, and the reliability, lifespan and lighting attenuator will also be affected. As a result, constant current source drive is usually adopted in ultra bright LEDs instead. With constant current diminishing the current changes caused by direct voltage changes, consistent LED brightness can be guaranteed however the direct current changes. Constant current source is easy to create by simply adjusting the testing voltage through the resistor, without adjusting the output voltage of power Comparing with traditional lights, HB LED is featured by long life- supply. High power LED SHOULD BE LED ? Drive controlling span, good reliability, high endurance and low-cost maintenance. The chips should be chosen according to different occasions of current luminous efficiency of LED has reached as high as above application. These occasions are such as: 201lm/w. Due to its quick response (at ns level), to install HB LED as brake lamp in automobiles can reduce the chances of tailgating 1. When higher power is needed, the controller without power accidents. In spite of all these advantages, the power of the existing component integrated in chip is the choice. For independent power, LEDs are generally below 5W and products of higher power are yet to components can be chosen separately according to the practical appear in the market as the priority lighting source. At the same time, power requirement. the heat dispersion problem of HB LED should also be considered, for too much heat will directly influence the life-span of LED and increase 2. When higher changing frequencies is needed, as in portable its luminous attenuation, or even burn the component out in severe devices, switching voltage regulator circuit would be the better situations. Except for the above problems, the high price also makes choice. LED hard to be accepted by most consumers in spite of the positive 3. When used in high reliability devices, the chip with comprehensive outlook of its market potential. controlling functions like temperature-proof and damage alarm, etc. should be the choice. As technology develops, the power of LED has been improving all the time while the cost becomes lower and lower. Also, adopting lowcost, high reliability drive circuit has become the key to ensure the luminance duration of high-brightness LEDs (HB LED). According to its specific characteristics, drive control chips specially for HB LED have been released by many LED drive manufactures including Melexis, lnfinton, Lienear, Supenex Inc, Analog, ADI, Leadtrend, AME and so on.

page 45

A Brief Analysis on the Application of Low-temperature LED Illumination 1. What’s low-temperature illumination? Low-temperature illumination is illumination with man-made lighting source in environments of temperature under 5 ℃, like the refrigerated cabinet，freezer, refrigerator, low-temperature factory, outdoor places and so on. Fluorescent lamp was the chief lighting source of low-temperature illumination in the past, and now LED lamps have also been playing an important role in this area.

2.The existing problems of fluorescent lights in lowtemperature illumination With the luminous efficiency of 90lm/w, fluorescent light can be regarded as a high efficiency lighting source in regular illumination. While in the low-temperature illumination field, the fluorescent light has shown many disadvantages either in luminous efficiency, luminous intensity or aesthetic design. Although the problem of luminous efficiency has been solved in the fluorescent lights specially designed for low-temperature illumination, the requirements concerning aesthetics and luminous intensity still remained ill-catered and the price is also too expensive.. In low-temperature environments, the regular fluorescent lights would have to have its luminous efficiency reduced to half as well as life-span shortened. Even without considering the uneven luminous intensity of fluorescent lights under low temperature, the photochromic and color rendering deficiencies should not be neglected because consumers wouldn’t be attracted if the light can’t render out the best color of the commodity.

LED Knowledge

3. Some major advantages of LED when used in lowtemperature illumination Comparing with CCFL, there are some unique advantages of LED when applied in low-temperature illumination. First, even in extremely cold environment with temperature below －40℃, LED can be started instantly, not needing special-designed circuit or program. Second, the luminous efficiency of LED performs unaffected or even better under low temperature. Third, as a point lighting source, LED has small size and focused lighting direction, thus can be arranged in the refrigerated cabinet or display shelves according to the requirements of design and can provide abundant and even luminous intensity to lighten the commodity and labels clearly. Forth, the photochromic, color temperature, color rendering of LED are all variable. Then appropriate LED lighting sources can be chosen according to the specific illumination requirements of different commodities. The fifth advantage is the difference between LED and CCFL before the power supply. For CCFL, the power has to firstly go through the step transformer type DC/DC converter, with energy consumption of 10%, and then through the inverter, with additional 25% of the energy wasted, and lastly, only about 70% of the power is supplied to the fluorescent tube. On the contrary, LED can be supplied directly from LED driver, with the efficiency of the voltage transformative circuit as high as 90%, thus is obviously more energy-saving.

4. The outlook of low-temperature LED illumination The low-temperature LED illumination is firstly invented in the lowtemperature LED illumination system co-developed by GELCORE and Illumination Research Centre of U.S. At present, Everlight and LITE-ON, the two major LED packaging manufactures in Taiwan, have both released their low-temperature LED products. In 2008 there has been household refrigerator adopting LED showing up in the market with a promising outlook. According to incomplete figures, merely the global annual shipment of refrigerator, freezer, refrigerated cabinet is as large as tens of millions. Supposedly planting 5 high power LEDs in each set of these devices, a huge market of demand can be pictured. As calls for environment protection and energy saving become more and more loudly all over the world, it can be estimated that with the obvious advantages, the low-temperature LED illumination products will take its share in the low-temperature illumination market.

page 46

LED Knowledge

Analysis on The Traits of GaNBase Materials GaN is an extremely stable and hard material of a high melting point of approximately 1700℃. GaN has the highest ionicity (0.5 or 0.43) in the Ⅲ—Ⅴ compound family. Under air pressure, the GaN crystal is generally of wurtzite crystal structure. There are 4 atoms in its structural unit, and atomic volume is about a half of that of GaAs. GaN is a new type of semi-conductive material in development of electronic and photoelectronic devices, and has been regarded as the third generation of semi-conductive materials together with SiC, adamas, after the first generation of Ge and Si and the second generation of GaAs、InP. It has high hardness and can be used as good protective coating material. Now let’s learn more about the chemical, electrical and optical properties of GaN.

1. The chemical properties of GaN

3. The optical properties of GaN

At room temperature, GaN is insoluble in water, acid or alkali, and can dissolve very slowly in hot alkali solution. NaOH、H2SO4 and H3PO4 corrode ill-qualified GaN rather quickly thus can be used in the defect examination of ill-qualified GaN crystals. GaN exhibits unstable characteristics in HCL or H2, and is the most stable in N2

The GaN’s properties are concerned by many people mainly because of its application in blue and purple light emitting components. The GaN transistor is direct-gap semiconductor with wide band gap(3.39eV) at room temperature. It has important applications in photoelectronic components like blue light, ultraviolet, purple light emitting diodes and laser diodes. As representative of the third generation of semiconductive materials, GaN can be made into high-efficiency blue and green light emitting diode and laser diode(LD). With GaN base material laying the foundation of white light emitting diode, its application is further extended to white light emitting field, which would replace the lighting system human has adopted till now. The GaN materials and relevant components for blue light LED are widely adopted in full-color big screen display, high brightness LED traffic lights and signal lights. The high brightness semi-conductive LED based on GaN has advantages of small size, long life-span and low energy consumption, and is now evolved towards high brightness, fullcolor and big size aims.

2. The electrical properties of GaN The electrical properties of GaN are one of the main factors influencing the components. The undoped GaN is N-type under all occasions, with the electron concentration of the best samples to be about 4×1016/cm3. The P-type samples prepared in general situation are all of high compensation. According to reports from relevant researchers, the highest mobility of GaN at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature is μn=600cm 2/v•s and μn=1500cm2/ v•s respectively, and the corresponding carrier concentration is n=4×1016/cm3 and n=8×1015/c The reported electron concentration value in recent years of GaN sedimentary deposit of MOCVD is 4×1016/cm 3、<1016/cm 3; the result of plasma MBE is 8×103/ cm 3 、<1017/cm 3 . The undoped carrier concentration can be controlled between 1014～1020/cm3. Besides, through the P-type doping technology and Mg low energy electron beam irradiation or annealing process, the doped carrier concentration can be controlled between 1011～1020/cm3.

page 47

Advertise on LEDinside Banner Advertising: banner Types

location

rotation limit

Leaderboard

every page

7,500

14,000

Rectangle

homepage

4,500

8,000

*Unit: USD, All Rates are NET **The minimum purchase order of banner advertising is 3 months.

Premier Package:

The Special Package provides a customized advertising opportunity to highlight your product/company. Premier Package

Benefits

Company Highlight

Company logo on homepage 2 featured product on product showcase page for one week ( Rotation limit :2)

+ Product Showcase

3,500

12x 6,000

*Unit: USD, All Rates are NET **The minimum purchase order of Premier Package is 6 months.

Newsletter Banner AD: banner Types

location

Leaderboard

Newsletter

800

*Unit: USD, All Rates are NET

Display AD Accepted on LEDinside.com Leaderboard (Homepage & every page)- 600x60

Dimensions: 600x60 File Size: 25k or less Loop Limit: 3 Formats: GIF , Flash Rotation Limit: 2 Rate : 7,500 USD / 3 Month

Rectangle (homepage)-180x150

The Special Package provides a customized advertising opportunity to highlight your product/company.

Dimensions: 180x150 File Size: 20K or less Loop Limit: 3 Formats: GIF, Flash Rotation Limit: 2 Rate : 4,500 USD / 3 Month

Newsletter Banner AD-480x60

Dimensions: 480x60 File Size: 15k or less Formats: GIF Rate :800 USD / 1 Issue

Premier Package on LEDinside.com Company Highlight + Product Showcase Rate: 3500 USD/ 6 month or 6000 USD / 12 month

Logo Dimensions: 150x75 File Size: 15k or less Vertical Loop Rotation Formats: GIF Rotation Limit: 15 logos

Product Showcase - 80x60

The Special Package provides a customized advertising opportunity to highlight your product/company.

Dimensions: 80x60 File Size: 20K or less Text: can not exceed 60 characters Formats: GIF Rotation Limit: 2

Contact LEDinside.com also provides customized services that are designed for increased exposure to the target audience. Please contact us for details. Jocelyn Chen Tel: +886-2-7702-6888 ext.620 Service@LEDinside.com

Lilia Huang Tel: +886-2-7702-6888 ext.680 Service@LEDinside.com

Ann Chang Tel: +886-2-7702-6888 ext.665 Service@LEDinside.com

Date | Event | 2009 International LED Events

Location

Speaking or Exhibiting

Website

Jan.18~23

IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium 2009

San Diego, California, USA

Feb.15~19

APEC 2009

Washington,DC, USA

Exhibiting

http://www.apec-conf.org

Feb.28~March 03

LED China 2009

Guangzhou, P. R. China

Exhibiting,Speaking

http://www.ledchina-gz.com/english/ English-new/syly.asp

April 20~21

WAMICON 2009

Clearwater,Florida, USA

Exhibiting

http://www.wamicon.org/

April 23~25

Beijing International Ad & Sign Tech & Equipment Exhibition

Beijing, China

Exhibiting

http://www.apppexpo.com/html/247/

May 05~07

LightFair International 2009

New York, USA

Exhibiting

http://www.lightfair.com/lightfair/V40/

May 12~14

PCIM 2009

Nuremberg,Germany

Exhibiting

http://www.mesago.de/en/

May 18~21

CS ManTech 2009

Tampa,Florida, USA

Exhibiting,Speaking

http://www.gaasmantech.org/

June 02~04

Euroled 2009

Exhibiting

http://www.euroled.org/

June 09~012

Guangzhou International Lighting Exhibition 2009

Guangzhou,China

Exhibiting

http://www.messefrankfurt.com.hk/

June 07~12

2009 Internatiional Microwave Symposium

Boston,Massachusetts, USA

Exhibiting,Speaking

http://www.ims2009.org/

Oct.29~32

PLDC

Berlin,Germany

Exhibiting

http://www.via-verlag.com/

Sponsoring,Exhibiting

http://rawcon.org/index.html