LEDinside- Belight vol.07 by TrendForce

BeLight on the forefront of LED industry trends

vol.

2011 Cover Story

2011's LED Chip Application in Lighting Fixtures Hotel Lighting Reigns Supreme: LEED & Lighting Control System Market Watch LEDinside: Pico Projector Reveals Unlimited Potential

Interview LED Measuring Equipment is Key to Impeccable Quality Designing with High Efficiency Driver for LED Lighting

Technology Latest Price Analysis from LEDinside

www.ledinside.com

We bring quality to light.

LED test & measurement solutions from the world leader Instrument Systems continues to set the benchmark in LED metrology. Whether testing individual LEDs (standard or high-power), LED modules, or OLEDs - the global LED industry relies on us to engineer superior measurement equipment for high-speed production testing and high-performance R&D and QC applications.

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CONTENTS

on the forefront of LED industry trends / Belight Vol. 07

BeLight on the forefront of LED industry trends

vol.

2011

Cover Story

06-13 2011's LED Chip Application in Lighting Fixtures - by Ivan Lin, LEDinside

Cover Story

14-15 Hotel Lighting Reigns Supreme: LEED & Lighting Control System - by Ivan Lin, LEDinside 2011's LED Chip Application in Lighting Fixtures Hotel Lighting Reigns Supreme: LEED & Lighting Control System Market Watch LEDinside: Pico Projector Reveals Unlimited Potential

Interview LED Measuring Equipment is Key to Impeccable Quality

Event

16-17 10th Japan Lighting Fair 2011 - by Roger Chu, LEDinside 18-19 Lighting Fair International 2011 - by Ivan Lin, LEDinside

Designing with High Efficiency Driver for LED Lighting

Technology Latest Price Analysis from LEDinside

Market Watch

22-23 LEDinside: LED Price Quotation of 1H11 Continues to Decrease, and the extent of the

price decrease in 2H11 is expected to shrink. - by Roger Chu, LEDinside www.ledinside.com

24-25 Cost competitiveness of LED TV has been in place waiting for stimulation by

aggressive price strategy. - by Boyce Fan, WitsView

ISSN 2074075-1

English Website

26-27 LEDinside: Pico Projector Reveals Unlimited Potential - by Roger Chu, LEDinside

http://www.ledinside.com

28-29 EnergyTrend: Chinese Manufacturer's Capacity Expansion Plans Still in Progress

Despite Continued Decrease in Solar Energy Market Price - by Arthur Hsu, EnergyTrend

http://www.ledinside.com.tw

Simplified Chinese Website

Interview

http://www.ledinside.cn 30-31 LED perspective from Dr. David Su, Chairman of Lextar - by Joanne Wu, LEDinside

Advertiser's Index

32-33 LED Measuring Equipment is Key to Impeccable Quality: Interview with Richard Distl,

CEO of Instrument Systems - by Ivan Lin, LEDinside

IFC

Viribright

Instrument System

Tess

APT

Glacial Tech

40-41 Quality + Brend = Successful LED Market Development - by Alan Kuan, Vice President of TTIC

WellyPower Optronics Corp.

42-43 Latest LED Price Analysis from LEDinside - by Lion Wu, Application Engineering Deputy

LEDlink

Refond

21 29

LEDforum Taipei OptoTech

Everlight

AD Enquiries

Editorial Contact

TTiC

service@LEDinside.com

news@LEDinside.com

Panasonic Electric

Phone

Fax

Tils 2012

+886-2-7702-6898

Macroblock

Leeleds

+1-415-742-8633 (US) +886-2-7702-6888 (TW) +86-(21)6439-9830 (Shanghai) +86-755-8826-7448 (ShenZhen)

Belight Mediakit 2011

Ledinside

IBC

Light Japan

OBC

Philips Lumileds

BeLight vol.07, 2011

34-35 President & CEO of Everlight, Robert Yeh: Everlight Will Directly Improve the

Consumer Recognition of LED Application Products - by Joanne Wu, LEDinside

36-37 High Thermal Conductive Flexible Circuit Board Materials

Manager of Macroblock Inc.

Electronic Version of Belight is Available at : http://www.ledinside.com/belight_download

Commercial Space Lighting With Smart LED Light Source

Mailing Address: 4F, No. 68, Section 3, Nanjing E. Rd., Taipei, 104, Taiwan

EDITORIAL LIU, C L, Ph. D. Kevin Lin Ivan Lin news@ledinside.com ! " # Wendy Meng Jasmine Zhuang ! " # Lowy Meng $ % Roger Chu

" 3 6 8 % 8 % * 6 9 ;" New York Times Square can be said to have the world's most intensive LED display. Around the intersection of the 42nd Street and Broadway Avenue, buildings are fully covered with LED displays of various sizes. As for the shape, most are rectangular or square ones while some are designed with arc LED displays. In Times Square, so many LED displays keep on day and night, broadcasting latest advertisements, films, TV programs and real-time news to passing residents and tourists. The tremendous information flow actually poses challenges to the strength of LED display makers and their product quality. Can we expect the same for LED lighting industry as for the LED display, assuming that it has played a leading role in large-sized digital billboards? With initial use in public space and project bidding carried out by governments around the globe, LED outdoor lighting and LED architectural lighting are the two fastest growing fields in the current LED industry. Then how to choose good LED components as light source? In this issue, Belight will discuss about the above-mentioned topics.

$ & Doris Yang Renee Liao ' ' Joanne Wu ( & ) * + Jocelyn Chen & ) % ! " # Sara Fan & ) & Angus Hsu (Channel Distribution) Ann Chang & ) Christopher Tseng ' % Janine Kao ' % Joan Chen Kenzo Tu

Ivan Lin

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Cover Story 2011's LED Chip Application in Lighting Fixtures

2011's LED Chip Application in Lighting Fixtures The supply chain of the LED industry, which underwent great breakthrough and development ' ( 8 % % 8 % between 2010 and 2011 due to an increasing investment of new manufacturers, can be categorized Lighting Products into upstream epitaxy, midstream package and downstream module application. LED for lighting LED lighting applications can be categorized usage can be classified into low power LED (High Brightness LED, 20~150mA, 0.04W~0.5W) and into two kinds: interior lighting and outdoor high power LED (High Power LED, <150mA, above 0.5W) according to amperage and wattage. lighting. The former includes light bulb, MR16, PAR, downlight, light tube and grille lamp, and The chip structures of high power LED include face-up, vertical and flip. According to different the latter includes street light, wall washer and electrical current, high power LED can be classified into AC LED and DC LED. The luminous efficacy spotlight. of AC LED is not as high as that of DC LED; hence, most major manufacturers adopt large-sized DC LED. The chip structures of DC LED include face-up and vertical. The face-up structure is prone As for interior lighting, light bulb, MR16, PAR, to current crowding effect due to the fact that high power LED usually requires to be operated downlight, which feature concentrated light under high amperage. On the other hand, although the vertical structure holds better electrical source and high light directivity, usually adopt uniformity and thermal conductivity, its complicated manufacturing process results in a lower yield high power LED with single chip package. But rate compared to the face-up structure and in turn increases the manufacturing cost. Therefore, a as the technology improves, more and more number of manufacturers begin adopting HV LED, whose basic structure is the same as that of AC manufacturers start adopting high power LED LED, as a solution for high power LED. with multi-chip package. In order to reduce cost, a number of manufacturers begin to Figure-1 Lighting Class LED Chip and Pacakge adopt AC LED and low power SMD LED in their light bulbs. As for light tube and grille lamp, Chip Package most of the manufacturers adopt low power SMD LED with multi-chip package, but a few Current Substrate Material Chip Amount Material Structure adopt high power LED backlight technology. High Brightness High Power AC LED HV LED

AIGalnP InGaN

(Thin Film) Flip Chip Thin Film / Thin Gan

Single chip Package

PLCC Ceramic Metal

Ceramic MCPCB

On the other hand, LED outdoor lighting applications, including street light, wall washer Multi chip and spotlight which require higher luminous Package ef ficacy and wattage, mostly adopt high power LED with single chip package. However, due to the technology improvement and the As for LED package, the main ways of producing white light LED are as follows: 1. GaN blue LED + restriction of light product size, an increasing YAG phosphor: the complementary combination of the yellow light of yellow phosphor powder and number of products start to adopt high power the blue light of GaN blue LED generates white light. 2. UV LED + RGB phosphor: the adoption of LED with multi-chip package. GaN LED chip and YAG phosphor is a more mature technology regarding white light LED package. 3. Multi-chip RGB LEDs: the white LED includes red, blue and green LED chips which generate white 6 8 % light. Based on the amount of LED chips, it can be categorized into single chip package and multi- Lighting and Conventional Lighting chip package. The LED package structures include SMD (3020, 3528, 5050), Flip Chip (High Power At the moment, the $/lm of global major LED) and COB. manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; LEDs is about $0.01 to 0.03; the $/lm of smaller manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; LEDs is even below $0.01. Because of the considerable Figure-2 Major Patents for White LED downward adjustment of LED chip price, the price difference between LED light bulb and Company Filling Data Description traditional energy-saving light bulb narrows 1994.04 GaN blue LED via annealing process to 1.5 to 3. In addition, due to the energy Nichia 1997.07 GaN LED + YAG phosphor shortage caused by the Japan earthquake, the Cree 1996.03 Monochrome blue / UV LED + Fluorescent organic / or lnorganic material in a polymer matrix environmental protection policies enacted by governments around the world and the Toyoda Gosei 2000.12 UV LED + Alkaline-earth-orthosilicates phosphor(BOSE) environmental awareness raised in the general Osram 2000.08 Blue / Green / UV LED + TAG phosphor public over recent years, the penetration rate of LED lighting increased greatly in 2010. Avago 1997.07 Wider phosphor range of Nichia â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s product

BeLight vol.07, 2011

Lighting Type

Conventional Lighting

LED Lighting

Watt

MR16

Watt

Light Source

120~200 350~400

20~30 50

3~8 5~10

440

5~10

High Power LED (Single Chip)

High Power LED (Single/Multi chip)

Incandescent Lamp

AC LED (Single/Multi chip) High Brightness LED (Multi chip)

High Power LED (Single/Multi chip)

Fluorescent Lamp

800~1000

10~20

Fluorescent Tube

1100

Street Light

8000~15000

400~600

80~200

High Brightness LED (Multi chip)

Hih Power LED (Single/Multi chip) High Brightness LED (Multi chip)

High Power LED (Single/Multi chip) COB

For example, LED light bulb is the major replacement for incandescent lamp, whose elimination is a matter of time, but energy-saving light bulb is aiming to replace incandescent lamp as well. For LED light bulb, the biggest competitor will likely be energy-saving light bulb. But for consumers, the most pressing issue remains as to wheater the price/ performance ratio between current lighting produc ts and LED lighting products could meet their expectations. Moreover, the time which the cost recovery requires based on the total cost (electricity, lighting product and human resource) is equally crucial for consumers.

Figure-3 LEDs for Different LED Lighting Products

Item

High Power LED

CFL Bulbs

Incandescent bulbs

Halogen Lamp

Mercury Lamp

Power consumption (W)

120

100

Luminous efficiency (lm / W)

Fixtures efficiency (%)

90%

40~60%

Effective brightness

600

630

635

600

650

600

Effective luminous efficiency (lm / W)

25.2

35.3

6.5

Lifetime

20,000

5,000

6,000

1,500

1,800

2,000

Power consumption as 100W Incandescent

≒10W

≒18W

≒16W

≒100W

≒80W

≒22W

Comparison of power consumption (times)

≒2

≒1.6

≒12.5

≒1.0

≒3.3

Figure-4 High power LED VS Traditional lighting

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Cover Story 2011's LED Chip Application in Lighting Fixtures

Nichia Nichia, known for its patent on GaN blue LED + YAG phosphor, is one of the leading LED manufacturers in the world. Nichia mainly manufactures low power LED with single chip package. Because the electricity every chip requires is very small, Nichia’s products can achieve high luminous efficacy without needing much thermal dissipation. As for the strategy of its product line, Nichia cooperates with Luminus and launches a series of high power LED products such as 157 series, 183 series, 119 series and 153 series.

& 9 6 8 <$

CREE

Discrete

Array

Directional

Non-Directional

Directional

Non-Directional

XR-E XR-C XP-G XP-E

XP-E HEW ML-E ML-B MX-6

MC-E MT-G MP-L

CAX20

XP-C XM-L

MX-3

Cree XLamp MC-E LED

CREE is a leading upstream chip, package and LED lighting solution company. The competitiveness of CREE’s lighting products lies in their exclusive technologies of GaN and SiC, phosphor powder and white light, which have gained them 1,100 American patents and 2,80 0 international patents. Currently, CREE is capable of meeting the criteria of Energy Star’s LM-80 test, which is an great advantage for its future shipments of LED lighting products to North America. The X-lamp series, which CREE recently launched, is very competitive in terms of luminous efficacy and lifespan. According to the XLamp LEDs portifolio, the white light luminous efficacy of XPE-HEW, which is widely adopted in the industry, can reach 130LM/ W; the maximum overall luminous flux of MC-E, which adopts four high power LED chips, can reach 430Lm@350mA with a recommended operating range of 700mA. The newest XM-L LED can provide excellent efficiency with concentrated packaging structure and smaller light source. It holds extremely high luminous density under a color temperature between 2600k and 8000k.

Discrete

BeLight vol.07, 2011

XLamp LEDs Portfolio For instance, the luminous flux of warm white temperature can reach 160Lm@350mA, 260Lm@700mA and 900Lm@3A. Such an advantage allows manufacturers to simplify their product design and reduce the manufacturing cost of directional lighting applications, including high bay light, parking lot lighting, street lighting, spotlight and LED replacement lamp. As the competition intensifies, CREE also launches CXA2011 LED (COB Array series), which can be adopted in tube light, downlight and spotlight and is compatible with A19 replacement lamp (11 to 45 watt, 800lm, 60W), tube light (above 2000 lm) and wall components for commercial use. CXA2011 can be adopted in products whose lumen is between 800 to 2700 and can help manufacturers simplify their product design and reduce cost. Aside from components, CREE also launches LMH6 module, the first high lumen product among CREE LED module series, whose lifespan is more than 50 thousand hours and whose light output can reach 2000 lm under 74lm/W and 2900 lm under 78lm/W. There are two types with different color temperatures (3000K and 4000K) and the same CRI (90) for consumers to choose. Compared with conventional dimming system, DALI LED Dimming system has better flexibility and controllability. With the integration of driver and optical and thermal dissipation technology, it provides a total lighting solution.

Philips Lumileds Philips Lumileds, a world-class manufacturer of highly efficient daily lighting applications. Its continuous effort dedicated to developing solid-state lighting technology and finding more eco-friendly lighting solution with less CO2 emission results in its achievement in improving light output, efficacy and thermal dissipation. Philips Lumileds is a comprehensive provider a n d s p e c i a l i ze s i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g c o r e components of RGB and white light LEDs. It recently launched LUXEON Rebel ES series, a solution for interior and outdoor lighting, which possesses higher luminous efficacy and light output and helps reduce total cost of ownership (TCO) and allows LED systems to meet the world-wide lighting criteria. The luminous flux of Luxeon Rebel ES can reach 300lm or above at 1000mA; the luminous efficacy can reach 100 lm/W and can even reach 125 lm/W by lowering the wattage to achieve system optimization. Regardless of what combo is adopted, Luxeon Rebel ES is a better solution as far as the criteria for outdoor lighting and the reduction of TCO are concerened.

OSRAM

Osram OSLON black series

8 6 8=> " '

Philips Lumileds LUXEON H

Philips Lumileds LUXEON Rebel ES OSRAM is one of the two leading lighting product makers in the world and holds the most market share of global lighting market, excluding Philips. The sales of energy saving products account for 60% of OSRAMâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total sales. OSRAM Opto, a subsidiary of OSRAM in charge of LED-related business, is capable of manufac turing produc ts from chip to package and owns several patents of white light technology. As for its chip technology, OSRAM Opto adopts Thin GaN technology and successfully develops high-brightness LED: after the metal film is formed on top of InGaN, the sapphire is removed from it, which results in reflex effects of the metal film and in turn attains higher light output. According to OSRAMâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s statistics, such a structure can increase the light output by 75%. As for its high power product line, it includes Golden Dragon(1W), Platinum Dragon(3W) and Diamond Dragon(5W). All of them adopt single chip package of PLCC with high power LED. The luminous flux of LUW W5AM, the star among Golden Dragon series, can reach 105Lm and the luminous efficacy can reach 93Lm/W.

OSRAM Brilliant Mix Concept

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Cover Story 2011's LED Chip Application in Lighting Fixtures

Bridgelux Bridgelux's new product generation features the latest technical advancements in epitaxial GaN layer grow th, L ED c hip desi gn and packaging technologies, delivering an increase in efficacy of up to 20% and a reduction of up to 30% in the cost per lumen compared to previous product generations. These new arrays offer greater system design flexibility to achieve Energy Star, Title 24, Part L and other global energy efficiency standards. Additionally these products are configured to align with industry standard drive currents to simplify the electronic driver selection process for new lamp and luminaire product development, enabling accelerated time to market. The Bridgelux product portfolio includes light output performance ranging from 240 to 10,000 lumens continuing the expansion of the industry’s broadest range of high performance lighting class LED light sources. The third generation of Bridgelux’s LS and ES star Arrays are available immediately. These energ y efficient, high flux density sources enable new MR-16, GU-10 and A-19 lamp applications. The small source size of the 800 to 1000 lumen ES star Arrays enable precision beam control for directional luminaires and PAR lamps. The new generation of Bridgelux’s ES rectangle and RS Arrays will begin shipment in Q3, 2011.

Bridgelux New Release ES Star Warm White

Bridgelux New Release LS Warm White 10

BeLight vol.07, 2011

8 % & Edison Opto Edison Opto is a renowned high power LED package manufacturer in Taiwan, which usually adopts lead frame when packaging high power LED component. In December, 2006, Edison Opto successfully launches Edistar (100W) with a luminous efficacy of 6000 lm, which started a new chapter in Taiwanese LED industry. Edison Opto not only invests a great amount of capital and human resource in developing high power LED technology but also establishes T.E.M.O. platform, which adopts the concept of system integration and can help clients resolve optical, mechanical, thermal and electrical development bot tlenecks in LED lighting sector. It allows clients to easily develop new semiconductor lighting products. For example, Ediexeon Series adopts chips of Taiwanese makers and lead frame single chip package and its luminous flux can reach 120lm at 350mA and 200lm at 700mA. The series is mainly adopted in lighting products for interior and commercial lighting. The luminous flux of Federal series can reach 90lm at 350mA and 160lm at 700mA. In addition, Ediline also provides different modules (1W to 3.5W, 100lm to 330lm) for consumers to choose base on their needs. Aside from traditional packaging, Edison also provides multi-chip package of COB (Chip on Board). Edison launched its EdiPower®II-HV series with four LED surface light products in 1Q11, which is an enhancement of EdiPower®II series. The luminous flux of the four new products can reach from 710 to 1300 at 6 to 9W and 10 to 13W. The height of EdiPower®II series components is merely 1.7mm (including the substrate), whose lightness, high brightness and high color rendering make them widely adopted in all sorts of LED lighting applications, interior lighting, building lighting and commercial lighting. Moreover, the Edistar series adopt multi-chip package on their ceramic substrates. The series include 50W module and 120W module, whose luminous fluxes can reach 4000lm and 9600lm respectively with a luminous efficacy of 70lm/ W. Due to its compatibility with street lamp and high bay lamp, the series are popular among the clients. However, the thermal dissipation remains a tough issue for high power LED with multi-chip package and will affect the luminous efficacy and lifespan.

Hence, the clients who are interested in adopting the Edistar series products need to have great thermal dissipation solution in order to maximize the efficacy of the products.

LUSTROUS LUSTROUS, founded in 2004, was the first company to adopt COB technology in LED package. LUSTROUS takes a patent on the technology in the United States through its parent company and manufactures and markets the products under its own brand. Currently, most makers only manufacture COB package with horizontal structure; only LUSTROUS is capable of manufacturing it with vertical structure. Its high power LED components adopt COB package with silicon wafer and generate white light through nitrides phosphor, which is added with Lens in order to reduce its manufacturing process and volume. Presently, they have Lustron Series, Diamond Serie and Golden Series. The luminous efficacy of Lustron LED can reach 100lm/W and its luminous flux can reach 1000lm at high voltage without affecting the lifespan.

Heliopto Heliopto, founded in August, 2006, is a high power LED manufacturer. Heliopto mainly focuses on LED packaging technology, silica gel technology, high-voltage diode and ceramic package. It also provides a variety of LED lighting products, including LED module, single chip package products and high-brightness and high color rendering multi-chip package product. With a solid foundation of core technologies, Heliopto is capable of providing products with high reliability and quality at affordable prices. With characteristics of young and energetic and a passion for the optical industry, Heliopto has taken dozens of patents on its solid-state lighting technologies within the last two and a half years. Heliopto invests one-third of its human resource into LED package business and specializes in developing product technologies. Moreover, it seeks joint effort with not only the industrial circle but also the academic circle, which gains its products a competitive edge in the market.

Everlight The chips its products adopt are from major manuf ac turer s in Taiwan and A meric an chip maker Bridgelux. The luminous flux of Heliopto’s 1W white light LED product can reach 130lm, which possesses different beam angles. As for its COB products, it provides 7M, 13M and 17M module and custom-made service as well.

Everlight’s COB LED series is a MCPCB substrate based multi-chip solution that boasts a >95lm/ W at 3000K CCT and >80 CRI. Less layers of thermal resistance result in lower overall junction temperature. A new patent pending Everlight innovation is able to address the Hot/ Cold Factor, the color uniformity as related to change in temperature. From 25°C to 85°C, the Everlight's COB LED can control CCT shift to within 200K CCT for all wattages - the first of its kind that is able to restrict the shift to such a narrow range. A large single light emitting source means less diffusion needed to achieve high uniformity and light distribution.

A n d f i n a l l y, d u e t o h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e, aggressive commercial strategy, and less processes and material required for assembly, the Everlight chip-on-board technology has nearly achieved the industry target of 200lm/$ for LED light sources.

Everlight’s COB LED series

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Cover Story

Wellypower Optronics Corporation; part of AUO and BenQ groups, also a Taiwan IPO company; is one of the world top manufacturers of Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL), Light Emitting Diode (LED), and Hot Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (HCFL) for TFT LCD backlight and lighting applications. With more than 15 years experiences of manufacturing, Wellypower has been known as reliable and responsible partner in this industry.

T5 Fluorescents

LED AR111 10W

HE , HO ,UV-CUT types

LED Bulb 7W

LED MR16 5W

LED Linear Light 4W, 8W, 12W. 16W

LED PAR 15W

LED Desk Lamp Max 12W

CCFL Bulb

8W, 12W. 18W, 21W

Slim LED Down Light 12W

BeLight vol.07, 2011

Slim CCFL Down Light 12W Wellypower Optronics Corporation Address : No.20-1, Kwang-Fu N Rd., Hsin-Chu Industrial Park, Hsin-Chu Hsien, Taiwan (303) EMAIL: lighting@wellypower.com Telephone : 886-3-5977182

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Cover Story Hotel Lighting Reigns Supreme:LEED & Lighting Control System

Hotel Lighting Reigns Supreme:LEED & Lighting Control System Ivan Lin, Editor-in-Chief of LEDinside LEDinside expects these systems to provide contentment and coziness for the residents of the buildings and help building owners better energy saving, which will in turn improve the energy efficiency. Recently, LEED Rating System has been playing a crucial role in the building industry. It is designed to guide and distinguish high-performance commercial and institutional projects, including office buildings, high-rise residential buildings, government buildings, recreational facilities, manufacturing plants and laboratories. The hotel industry lately has been focusing on energy saving and LED lighting, which are key factors of LEED certification. LEED stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, published by U.S. Green Building Council, USGBC in 1988. 14

BeLight vol.07, 2011

According to LEED's standard, there are 6 evaluation items, including sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, innovation and design process. In order to get your hotel approved by the LEED certification, you have to meet the requirement of the rating system such as adopting energy-saving light sources, including OLED, LED and CFL.

(Photo Credit: Philips)

In addition, another advantage the system holds is the wireless internet access, which allows hotel staff to configure lighting schemes and make adjustments on the spot via a hand held device. People can use the latest software and graphical interface to identify every light, circuit and channel across lobby, front door, parking lot and other public areas. The automatic programming of lighting schemes means lighting only shines when and where it is needed. The system also adequately controls the brightness of the lights. A clever feature of the system is the ability to identify faults such as circuit trips or failures and send an alarm to the head-end PC and its operator, which streamlines maintenance and alerts to problems.

Lighting Control System Besides the light source, hotels must adopt the new lighting control system to optimize the usage of energy and electricity. Furthermore, the system makes the hotel rooms, lobby and dining areas more pleasant for the guests to stay. Many manufacturers of LED control system offer products with multi channel control, dimmable and daylight function, and wireless internet access. The system administrator can use computer and smartphone to monitor the status of power consumption. The hotel staff can also use terminal devices to control the whole lighting system of the building.

Recently, Lighting Science Group seeks joint effort with Google to develop the lighting control system for Android Smar tphone and Android Tablet platforms. Also, Philips cooperates with Somft and offers innovative solutions for the professional offices and the building lighting market: they launch the dynamic lighting control system, which is capable of obtaining the best balance of natural daylight and artificial lighting for any given condition. Philips's new system is also able to detect lux levels and transmit the info r matio n to a c o ntro ll er, whic h automatically adjusts the building lighting according to the natural light level.

Brocade – When viewed closely, the floral p e r for ated met al shades of the B r o c ade collection are void of any lamp source, yet they are beautifully illuminated. The Brocade series marries fresh traditional design with today’s latest lighting technologies, offering a welcomed taditional option for eco-focused customers. LEDs uniformly cast light through the fixture, bringing out the intricate details in the metal “shade” and offering a soft white glow.(Credit: Philips Consumer Luminaires North America, Philips Thomas and Forecast Lighting )

Insights from LEDinside LEDinside expects these systems to provide contentment and coziness for the residents of the buildings and help building owners to better manage energy saving, and improve overall the energy efficiency. In light of the recent environmental awareness, the popularization of energy-saving lighting s ys tems will continue to increase among buildings. But in most cases, the interior lighting design will remain the main focus, as the foundation of hotel lighting.

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Event BeLight Lighting Fair 2011

BeLight Lighting Fair 2011

Japan's JLED tube collection. LED lighting manufacturers such as ALT, Kaipis, Bitc, Liten and JustLED exhibited a series of products as well. Taiwan-based manufacturer XLEDIA also exhibited a LED light bulb which allegedly had the highest luminous efficacy at this exhibition. Philips's booth The 10th Japan Lighting Fair 2011, which is held every two years, commences at Tokyo Big Sight International Exhibition Center. Due to an increase in the number of participating LED companies, LED-related booths are separated from architecture and construction materials sectors and constitute an independent exibition this year. Lighting Fair 2011’s main focus is to showcase end-market products, with emphasis on LED and OLED applications. None of the major lighting manufacturers in Japan were absent from this fair. The companies, by adopting their lighting products in their booth design, convert their booths into enticing interpretations of what customers can expect from their products, turning the fair into a grand LED lighting festival. To distinguish itself from other LED packaging manufacturers adopting AC LED to their design, Japanese LED packaging manufacturer CITIZEN releases its CITILED LED module, adopting SCD Technique which allows AC power to be directly inputted into LED module, saving customers the trouble of designing power.

The connector of JEL801 LED tube

Taiwanese lighting manufacturer's booth Taiwanese lighting manufacturer BITC launched a new PAR38 LED light, whose color temperature can be altered by the remote control, and thus it is able to bring a vivid color to foods. In addition, different color temperatures are labeled with different kinds of foods for the sake of users’ convenience.

New design of commercial lighting Japan's JEL801 LED tube The major focus of LED package manufacturer Edison in 2011 is on the concept of LDMS (Lighting Design Manufacturing Service). The aim is to make a breakthrough into lighting market with an integrated lighting system of LED components (EdipowerII, EdixeonS), LED modules and LED lighting products.

BeLight vol.07, 2011

Among all the booths of South Korean manufacturers, Seoul Semiconductor and Maltani’s booths were the biggest. Aside from the previous Acriche AC LED series, Seoul Semiconductor also exhibited Z-Power LED series, among the Z-Power series, the Z4 series adopts a single LED constituted of three LED chips and its Warm White LED’s luminous efficacy could reach 100 lm/w. It is more suitable for the indoor lighting area and is to be launched in June or July, 2011.

In regard to LED light bulbs, Japan manufacturers begin to stress on beam angle, wit emphasis on total solutions for LED light bulbs. In addition, every manufacturer starts to produce a wide variety of LED tubes, targeting at the commercial lighting market. Several manufacturers even released LED tubes in accordance with JEL801 standard defined by Japan Electric Lamp Manufacturers Association.

In terms of wide beam angle LED light bulbs, Osram cooperated with Mitsubishi and launched a series of LED lighting products. However, there was no significant breakthrough concerning beam angle technology; the new products still adopted the traditional approach: soldering the LED lights to cylinder, which will not be much of a help to increasing overall luminous flux and is more suitable for decorative lighting usage.

Flat style lighting. Toshiba showcased its E-core series interior lighting products, including LED tubular lights, LED tube lights etc. Besides, due to the fact that hot air affects sound transmission, Toshiba develops a new LED light with orchestra shell and exhibited it in this fair, which can reduce heat caused by lighting, therefore, reduce the effect on sound transmission. Panasonic exhibited a new LED light bulb with a wider beam angle and a shape similar to an incandescent light bulb. It announced a regular LED light bulb with a 300 degree beam angle in January, 2011, which could fit in an E26 socket and was to be launched on March 18, 2011. In addition to the three-dimensional arrangement of LED chip, a reflector was installed to the new LED light bulb, which widened the beam angle but decreased the luminous efficacy to 70lm/W, lower than that of previous products. It shows that a sacrifice of luminous efficacy is inevitable in order to widen the beam angle.

Roger Chu, LEDinside Hitachi is no exception regarding this increasing focus on the beam angle. Unlike Panasonic using a reflector, Hitachi placed a lens under the LED light source to widen the beam angle of the LED light bulb.

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Event LIGHTFAIR International 2011 Opened To Massive Crowds in Philadelphia, Broke Record Again

LED Packages from LEDEngin

Energy Star booth offered information related to standards and quide.

LIGHTFAIR International 2011 Opened To Massive Crowds in Philadelphia, Broke Record Again LIGHTFAIR International (LFI), the world’s largest annual architectural and commercial lighting trade show and conference, set new records in the newly expanded Pennsylvania Convention Center. On May 17, opening day, thousands of attendees spread throughout the exhibit hall ready to discover the most innovative products on LFI’s largest trade show floor.

This year, LFI received 239 submissions for the 14 designated c ategories, and each product was judged by an independent panel of renowned lighting professionals. The winners were awarded for product entries that exemplify the best in innovative design and thinking. The 2011 key award winners are:

•

Revel by Acuity Brands: Most Innovative Produc t of the Year—the program’s highest award, recognizing the most innovative new product.

•

L o w -Vo l t a g e L E D Wa l l Wa s h / F l o o d by Tech Lighting- Generation Brands: Design Excellence Award—recognizing outstanding achievement in design.

•

LUXEON A by Philips Lumileds: Technical Innovation Award—recognizing the most forward-thinking advancement in lighting technology.

•

IES Lighting Handbook 10th Edition by the IES: Judges’ Citation Award—special recognition of an innovative product at the judges’ discretion.

LFI once again broke its record, welcoming the 2011 attendees to an impressive show floor with more than 200,000 net square feet of space—the largest in its history—showcasing nearly 500 exhibitors. Preceding the opening of the trade show floor, the prestigious LFI Innovation Awards (LIAs), which took place earlier that morning, provided an overview of the latest lighting-related products and designs introduced over the last 12 months. The awards program encompassed over 200 products making their debut on the 2011 LFI trade show floor.

GE's Edge Lighting Float Line

BeLight vol.07, 2011

Philips's Dynalite lighting control system panel

Marvell's new LED driver ic chip could easy to build up LED bulbs.

Philips Lumileds's new LED light product.

LFI has also awarded nine exhibitors that excelled in visual booth display and product presentation. New this year, LFI created an award for each of the four unique pavilions on the show floor in addition to the traditional size of booth categories. The 2011 Best Booth winners are: Crestron in the Building Integration Pavilion Solatube International in the Daylighting Pavilion

Sensitile Systems in the Design Pavilion Contrast Lighting, Inc. in the Global Light + Design Pavilion Lux Dynamics in 100 square feet Structura, Inc. in 200 to 300 square feet Visual Lighting Technologies in 400 to 500 square feet Xicato in 600 to 800 square feet Philips Color Kinetics in 900 square feet and larger

ENDO's high CRI LED light source. This LIGHTFAIR International show and conference continues in its new location at the Pennsylvania Convention Center in Philadelphia. Next year, the show will be in Las Vegas, and 2013 in New York.

Ivan Lin, Editor-in-Chief of LEDinside

Demo booth in LFI 2011.

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Market Watch LEDinside:Affected by Inventory Adjustment, LED Price Quotation of 1H11 Continues to Decrease, and the Extent of the Price Decrease in 2H11 is Expected to Mitigate.

LEDinside: Affected by Inventory Adjustment, LED Price Quotation of 1H11 Continues to Decrease, and the Extent of the Price Decrease in 2H11 is Expected to Mitigate. As for the high power LED lighting market, LED penetration rate of the lighting market is expected to increase due to improved specification and vertical integration business model.

Numerous Players in the TV Backlight Market to Raise Price Competition Due to the weak TV sales in 1Q11, high TV-related material inventory and high TV inventory, the speed of LED market demand recovery is slower than expected. Moreover, many LED manufacturers have increased their capacities to raise the TV backlight market share since 2010. Therefore, the 5630 price faces a much fiercer competition. Moreover, with TV vendorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; LED TV price promotion, the 5630 price has decreased by 10%~15% in 1Q11. Since the 2nd the 3rd quarters are traditionally the peak seasons of the LED industry, and every TV vendor has gradually increased purchase orders since March to avoid LED shortage which occurred in the first quarter of 2010. The extent of the decrease in LED price of 2Q11 is expected to narrow.

White LED Price(US$) Based on the survey of LEDinside, the LED research division under TrendForce, LEDinside indicated that the speed of LED market demand recovery in the first quarter of 2011 is slower than expected. Affected by inventory adjustment of the large-sized panel display market and the LED lighting market, LED manufacturers are facing the pressure of price reduction. The extents of the LED price decrease for the large-sized panel display application are varied as well. The largest decrease is the price for LED backlit TV which has dropped by 10%~15%. However, the LED specification development for the NB and monitor applications has become mature, and the price has plummeted to the bottom in the past two years. Therefore, the price merely decreased by 3%~5%, and the extent of decrease is limited. Besides, due to relatively stable demand for the mobile backlight products, the price is much more stable with a slight decrease of 3%, compared with products of other specifications. As for high power LED lighting applications, affected by inventory adjustment, the price has dropped dramatically, and the average price has fallen by 15%~20%.

BeLight vol.07, 2011

USD 0.25

LED For TV Application (9000~10500 mcd) Highest Price

Lowest Price

0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09 1Q10 2Q10 3Q10 4Q10 1Q11

Relatively Stable LED Price Quotation for the NB / Tablet PC Applications In addition, the LED specification development for the NB, monitor, and mobile applications has become mature. Plus, the LED penetration rate for these applications has still remained the same and shipment is relatively stable. Moreover, the price plummeted to the bottom in 2009 and 2010. Therefore, the 3020/3014/0.8t prices have merely decreased by 3%~5%, and the extent of decrease is limited.

In terms of emerging tablet PC application, because Tablet PC needs to adopt low voltage LED specification, which few manufacturers get involved in, the LED price is relatively stable.

USD

LED For NB Application (2000~2300 mcd)

0.16

Due to improved LED specification and inventory adjustment, the LED price for the lighting application has sharply dropped. Currently, most LED lighting market demand is from scattered orders for commercial and indoor lighting applications. Since there are no large-scaled subsidies, the high power LED price has sharply dropped. Besides, the LED specifications made by international lighting manufacturers have continued to improve, and the capacities for the lighting market demand have greatly increased since last year. Hence, most manufacturers are forced to launch price promotion to gain the LED lighting market share. According to LEDinsideâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s survey, the price of high power LED in 1Q11 has decreased by 15%~20%, and a strategic price promotion was specifically offered to major clients. In terms of the outlook of 2Q11, the price reduction pressure still exists. However, the inventory adjustment has lasted for half a year, the extent of the price decrease is expected to narrow.

Perspective from LEDinside In terms of the outlook of next three quarters of 2011, profit margin of LED backlight products is believed to remain small in 2011 and the current market price quotes could go down further. The LED purchase orders have increased since March and the extent of the price decrease is expected to narrow. Moreover, many LED manufacturers increased their capacities for the latter half of the year and LED material cost is expected to reduce. Therefore, it is estimated that some backlight products will experience an even fiercer price competition in the third quarter of 2011. As for the high power LED lighting market, LED penetration rate of the lighting market is expected to increase due to improved specification and vertical integration business models. However, in the short term, there is no obvious subsidy policy launched, and the reconstruction demand from Japan might appear later in the second half of 2011. It is hard to see a stable decrease in the high power LED price in the short term. As for the LED chip price quotation, the extent of decrease for different specifications varies. The average price in the first quarter of 2011 has dropped by 15%~20%, but the price of small-sized chips has decreased by over 30%.

Highest Price

Lowest Price

0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 1Q09 2Q09 3Q09 4Q09 1Q10 2Q10 3Q10 4Q10 1Q11

USD

LED For Mobile Application (1400~1800 mcd) Highest Price

0.120

Lowest Price

0.100 0.080 0.060 0.040 0.020 0.000 2Q10

3Q10

4Q10

1Q11

In terms of LED package component, there are different magnitudes of decrease in the LED backlight price quotations as well. The largest decrease is the price for LED backlit TV which has dropped by 10%~15%. However, the LED specification development for the NB and monitor applications has become mature, and the price has plummeted to the bottom in the past two years. Therefore, the price merely decreased by 3%~5%, and the extent of decrease is limited. Besides, due to relatively stable demand for the mobile backlight products, the price is much more stable with a slight decrease of 3%, compared with products of other specifications. As for high power LED lighting applications, affected by inventory adjustment, the price has dropped dramatically, and average price has fallen by 15%~20%.

Roger Chu, LEDinside

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Market Watch Cost competitiveness of LED TV is awaiting stimulation by aggressive price strategy. Enhanced penetration in second half of the year is expected.

120

100

0 1Q10 2Q10 3Q10 4Q10 1Q11 2Q11(F) 3Q11(F) 4Q11(F) 1Q12(F)

32” 32"CCFL vs LED BLU Cost Gap

Figure: 32” & 42” BLU cost gap of CCFL & LED Model

BeLight vol.07, 2011

42” 42"CCFL vs LED BLU Cost Gap

Cost competitiveness of LED TV is awaiting stimulation by aggressive price strategy. Enhanced penetration in second half of the year is expected. Boyce Fan, Analyst WitsView According to the observation on LED backlight models by WitsView, a research division under Trendforce Corp., along with the mass production of new LED backlight models among panel makers using new backlight design structure in 1Q11, the cost gap between CCFL models and LED backlight models have been dramatically reduced. The cost gaps between backlight modules of LED TV panels and CCFL TV panels at traditional 450nits brightness specifications for 32”W and 42”W products have been greatly reduced to $42 and $62 in 2Q11 from the previous $66 and $97 in 1Q10. In addition, for rapid popularization of LED TV, panel makers have started mass production of models with low-end specifications at 380nits brightness with only two light bars along single long side. This way the cost gaps of backlight modules for 32”W and 42”W products can be further reduced by 40~60% to $26 and $40. Although the cost gap has been greatly reduced, weakerthan-expected demand for LED TV has remained in 1H11. All vendors have begun to modify their optimistic outlook of LED TV penetration rate in 2011. Based on the observation by WitsView, there is still chance for the demand for LED TV to gradually heat up under recent atmosphere of rising TV panel price among panel makers. First of all, the cost competitiveness of LED TV has been in place after adopting new backlight design. Once the prices of TV panels begin to rise, WitsView believes panel makers will adopt the strategy of allowing prices of CCFL models to rebound first while keeping prices of LED models unchanged.

This way the price gap between CCFL and LED models can be reduced to stimulate the willingness among downstream customers to switch from CCFL models to LED models. Take 32”W and 42”W products as an example, with the prediction of LED models with low end specifications becoming a mainstream product with greatly converged cost gap of its backlight module components, panel makers will be able to adopt more active attitude towards LED TV panel price such that the penetration rate of LED TV can have a chance to be significantly improved when sale season arrives. On the other hand, LED supplying subsidiaries of main panel makers began installations of new MOCVD machines since Q3 in 2010. However, the actual implemented production capacity has been rather limited due to shortages of sapphire substrates and MO gases. With the relief of raw material shortage, LED supplier must activate their MOCVDs gradually leading to greatly increased production capacity on supply side. While short-term lighting market remains unclear, panel makers must focus more on LED backlight market in order to utilize LED production capacity of their subsidiaries which can help enhance to LED TV penetration rate. Therefore, WitsView has been consistent with the viewpoint on LED TV product penetration rate at the beginning of this year, where the enhancement of penetration rate in first half of 2011 is rather unclear because panel makers are at initial stage of mass production of new LED models and market demand is still weak. However, in second half of this year with coming sale seasons, LED TV demand can be expected to heat up. The overall LED TV product penetration rate in the entire 2011 is predicted to reach 43%.

Founded in the year 2004, WitsView is composed of a team of TFTLCD industry experts with many years of invaluable experience. Headquartered in Taiwan, which is the major focal point of the global IT industry supply chain, the research field covers the development and market trend of upstream components, midstream panels and downstream system integrators and retailers.

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Market Watch LEDinside: Pico Projector Reveals Unlimited Potential

LEDinside: Pico Projector Reveals Unlimited Potential if the cost / price would reduce, scanning MEMS technology would be more popular in the pico projector area. There are many kinds of pico projectors in the world, including embedded and accessory ones. Among them, projector phone is the focus of manufacturers, and its shipment volume has reached 1.6 billion units in 2010. Hence, there will be a great momentum for the LED industry if pico projector can be installed in each mobile phone. On this note, LEDinside will discuss the pico projectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s popularity in the near future, and LED manufacturerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s opportunity. Nowadays, there are three display technologies to develop pico projectors, mainly including LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon), DLP (Digital Light Processing), and Scanning MEMS. The information about the light source usage, pros and cons are shown below. In terms of light source, except for the scanning MEMS display technolog y which adopt s scanning mirror and RGB laser, LCoS and DLP pico projectors mainly adopt RGB LED. Scanning MEMSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s features include light and slim size, energy-saving, low thermal requirement, and so on. However, the disadvantage is high cost. It is forecasted that if the cost-to-price ratio could reduce, scanning MEMS technology would be more popular in the pico projector area.

G " 6

Optical Component

LCoS

DLP

Scanning MEMS

Types of Light Engine

Holographic projection technology

RGB color + vari-focusing lens

RGB color;Using RGB laser, always in focus

The Source of Light

RGB Laser RGB LED / White LED

RGB Laser RGB LED

RGB Laser

Luminous Efficiency

Low

Middle

High

Size (cm3)

10~13

7~10

Resolution

VGA / WVGA

HVGA / WVGA

VGA / WVGA

Cost of Light Engine (USD)

$50~80

$80

>$150

Advantages

Lower cost, lower IP barrier, and easier improved resolution

Well-developed technology, high yield rate, high reaction rate, portable, high lighting usage rate, high resolution

Wide color range, low power consumption, high resolution, small size, always in focus

Disadvantages

Low contrast ratio, thermal dispassion problem

High density, small-sized light engine, TI DLP chip / technology monopoly

High initial cost, low yield rate, light spot

BeLight vol.07, 2011

Besides, as far as pico projectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s popularity is concerned, brightness, power consumption, and resolution are the main factors. Moreover, the battery capacity, and cost-to-price are taken into account as well. However, the cost of embedded pico projector module in 2011 is around USD 40~70, accounting for 20% of BOM cost in smart phones. Due to high cost, popularizing it in the short term could be difficult.

[Chart] Factors for Pico Projector's Popularity

Photo Credit: Samsung

LEDinside forecasted that the shipment of pico projectors will increase from 1.2 million units in 2010 to 71 million HJKO* traditional projectors. Pico Projector Shipment Forecast Accessory Pico

As the chart suggests, LEDinside forecasted that the shipment of pico projectors will increase from 1.2 million units in 2010 to 71 million units in 2014, and to replace traditional projectors. In terms of compound annual growth rate, embadded pico projectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s CAGR between 2010 and 2014 is up to 250%, while that of accessory one is around 76%. Generally speaking, pico projectorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s CAGR of 2010~2014 is 177%, and it is expected that the traditional projector will be replaced.

Embadded Pico

80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2009

2010

2011(F)

2012(F)

2013(F)

2014(F)

In conclusion, accessory pico projector is the transition type. It is forecasted that embadded pico projectors will replace accessory ones between 2013 and 2015; if resolution, luminous efficacy, and thermal dissipation issues are resolved. In terms of popularity, market demand depends on pico projec tor module price reduction.

Roger Chu, LEDinside

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Market Watch EnergyTrend: The Speed of Inventory Turnover Is Still the Key Factor of the PV Market Development in 2H11

EnergyTrend: Chinese Manufacturer's Capacity Expansion Plans Still in Progress Despite Continued Decrease in Solar Energy Market Price If modules, PV inverters, and system installation parts made by European manufacturers can be adopted, the corporation can receive 10% reward, which gives non-European corporations to have a serious challenge in the European market.

Arthur Hsu, Research Manager of EnergyTrend According to the latest survey by EnergyTrend, the market demand is yet to pick up, and the inventory in stock still remains at a high level. As a result, the polysilicon price has significantly dropped. EnergyTrendâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s survey shows that the spot price of polysilicon has fallen to $50/kg at the lowest but such a low price is not widely accepted. Moreover, the average price of solar cell has reached below $0.9/Watt, and downstream manufacturers c o n t i n u e d t o c u t p r i c e. M a n u f a c t u r e r s indicated that the Intersolar Europe 2011 is going to be held in Munich, Germany next week, so the solar energy market takes a conservative attitude toward the current price quotation. However, EnergyTrend believes that if the outlook for 2H11 continue to remain gloomy, price decrease will continue.

EnergyTrend believes that reducing inventory is still the key factor for the PV market demand recovery. According to EnergyTrendâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s latest survey, although the speed of inventory clearance is still slow, manufacturers expect sufficient recovery will occur in the second half of the year. On the other hand, even high inventory level remained, Chinese manufacturers are still optimistic about their capacity expansion plans. Based on recent announcements made by big names, Chinese manufacturers aggressively increase their capacities, in the polysilicon, Si-wafer, solar cell, and module fields. For instance, Top-tier PV manufacturers, like GCL and Trina Solar do not fear the current market downtrend, and still follow their original plan to increase their capacities. This particular market development resembles memory industry a few years ago. However, will this similar development enable Chinese manufacturers to dominate the solar energy industry in the future? EnergyTrend believes that since the PV market largely depends on government policies, the procedure is not easy to be duplicated and the result is not easy to be achieved, either.

Poly Price

Poly Price (Per KG)

100 80 60

According to Ener g yTrend â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sur vey, the polysilicon price has come to 50/kg at the lowest, and the average polysilicon price has rapidly decreased by 2.34%, to $57.5. Although Intersolar Europe is going to start soon and a conservative attitude has remained in the market, it is believed that the closing price might decrease to under $50/kg in the short run. In addition, Si wafer manufacturers are also under price pressure. The average price of multi-Si wafer and mono -Si wafer has respectively fallen by 4.83% and 3.93%, to $2.303/piece and $2.687/piece. Furthermore, the solar cell price has decreased to $0.8/ Watt at the lowest, and the average price h a s d r o p p e d b y 6 . 4 3 % , t o $ 0 . 8 9/ Wa t t . Manufacturers indicated that the price trend shows a continued decrease. EnergyTrend indicates that solar cell manufacturers have felt much pressure in the decreasing price, so the disagreements between buyers and sellers will remain for now. In addition, since market demand has not picked up, the average price of module has continued to decrease by 0.51%, to $1.35/Watt, primarily because manufacturers are aggressive to lower their inventory.

40 20 0 1/6

1/13

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1/27

2/3

2/17

2/24

3/3

3/10

3/17

3/24

4/7

4/14

4/28

5/5

Multi-Si Wafer(156mmx156mm)

Multi-Si Wafer Price 4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

1/6

1/3

1/20

1/27

2/3

2/10

2/17

2/24

3/3

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Solar Cell Price

4/21

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Cell Price(Per Watt)

1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 1/6

1/20

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' Although the Italian government has announced the latest subsidy policy, EnergyTrend indicates that the subsidy policy reveals both good and bad news. The good news is that the Italian government does not set a limitation on small system installation, and increases the specification to 1MW. The bad news is that Italian government set a certain amount of subsidy on the large system. In addition, if modules, PV inverters, and system installation parts made by European manufacturers can be adopted, the corporation can receive 10% reward, which gives non-European corporations a serious challenge in the European market. On the other hand, due to high inventory level in Europe, even the uncertain factor has disappeared, EnergyTrend believes that the recovery of market demand in 2H2011 depends on the speed of inventory clearance in the European market between June and August

The green energy market is full of potentials, and what this exciting and growing industry can offer is only limited by your imagination. Whether you are a new market entrant looking to forge an entry strategy to build your enterprise or you are ambitious to learn more about market dynamics before expanding or diversifying your business. Let EnergyTrendâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s customized report help you make more informed decisions and be the first to grasp market opportunities. EnergyTrend, a research division of TrendForce, is dedicated to delivering market intelligence of environmentally sustainable energy. EnergyTrend is also an information platform for green energy industry providing the latest industry trends, product information, in-depth research analysis as well as industry interviews. EnergyTrendâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s research scope includes various green industries from solar energy, energy batteries to xEvs.

Q R $ â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

Price : 3,000 USD Update Frequency : Quarterly Report format : PDF & Excel Language : English

Interview LED Perspective from Dr. David Su, Chairman of Lextar

LED Perspective from Dr. David Su, Chairman of Lextar Due to the fact that major manufacturers have established their in-house supply chains, when encountering supply shortage, the purchasing decision becomes much more flexible Ver tically Integrated Model: Lower Cost , Higher

Lextar is a subsidiar y of AU Optronics Corp., the largest panel manufacturer in Taiwanese panel industry, whose market share is stable. Most panel manufacturers establish their own plants for manufacturing LED backlight products with the vertically integrated model, which helps the companies to attain economies of scale, better efficiency, up-to-date information about the product specification development and faster response to changing market demand. Lextar, invested by AU Optronics Corp., focuses specifically on providing panels with LED backlight. Only by establishing its in-house LED supply chain can AUO achieve cost competitiveness, which is the main goal to pursue vertical integration.

T 6 6 T G KV ) 6 6 * 6 flow from the terminal to the management team. 2. Simplify human resource management. 3.Improve the ability of handling counteroffers. 4. Achieve a faster response in terms of customer service. Without T * 6 T 3 6 T 6 6 * delayed response and slow operations. Lextar is the only LED manufacturer in Taiwan that adopts a business model which includes up, mid, downstream production lines and product applications. LEDinside had the honor to interview Lextarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chairman Dr. David Su and talked about the vertical integration strategy, the future development of the lighting market and the development strategies in the Chinese market. Dr. Su also sheds light on the current development of Taiwanese LED industry.

" 8 % * 6 * 6 * 8 3 Y T integration model will be the most accessible route toward that direction

BeLight vol.07, 2011

Before Lextar adopted the vertical integration model, when encountering problems, every subsidiary still made the profit maximization a priority over finding a solution. However, after adopting the vertical integration model, not only can Lextar succeed in optimizing efficiency and increasing its competitiveness, but also obtain a more advanced knowledge of end-market applications, which enables a faster response to the changing market demand.

A Balance between Competition and Cooperation to Maintain Flexibility Currently, major panel manufacturers have adopted the vertical integration model. For example, Samsung has established a solid brand and also owns an exclusive channel, along with effort of purchasing glass faceplates to pursue its vertical integration. Due to the fact that major manufacturers have established their in-house supply chains, when encountering supply shortage, the purchasing decision becomes much more flexible. However, for other LED manufacturers, there is bound to be the crowding out effect in the long run.

The next challenge for Lextar : to become a world class LED company

Despite the vertical integration model, chip out-sourcing still accounts for 20% of Lextar’s chip in-house ratio, even when there is capacity. And the reasons are the following : reasons: 1. To maintain contacts with chip makers. 2. It can signify the market changes and in turn stimulate the optimization of the chip production, and keeps the company from slacking in spite of the fact it owns exclusive channels. 3. From the perspective of risk management, maintaining a certain amount of chip out-sourcing helps reduce the production risk. As for Lextar’s vertical integration mode, its goal is to provide products for their main clients such as panel manufacturers and lighting manufacturers. Therefore, it is not Lextar's goal to become the NO.1 chip marker, either in the chip industry or to other chip makers.

Lextar’s Development Strategy in the Chinese Market Due to the cluster effect of the panel industry and the fact that most lighting product manufacturers are located in China, where the cost is low and the government offers subsidies, Lextar has started building a new plant in the Suzhou Industrial Park, which is to be finished this year in order to meet the panel and lighting product demand.

The perspective of Lextar in the LED lighting market: providing optical, mechanical, electronic and thermal solutions The differences that distinguish the traditional lighting industry from the LED lighting industry are that goods of the former are gas illumination, standardized, mass-produced, regional-distributed and have specific standards and preferences with a clear division of labor. It is very difficult for the traditional lighting manufacturers to make a breakthrough into the LED lighting industry. Because for them, LED lighting is an emerging industry, and the production for LED lighting applications will increase the business risk. On account of the fact that the future of LED lighting industry lies in optical, mechanical, electronic and thermal solutions, Lextar’s vertical integration model will be the most accessible route toward that direction.

The R&D team of Lextar has been putting the accent on the development of LED light source and lighting module and providing customized solutions according to different markets and clients, including technology, design and total solution of light source and module for major manufacturers, brand vendors and local lighting companies. The panel market is competitive the top ten panel manufacturers take up the major channels and outlets. However, unlike the panel market, the competition among manufacturers in the lighting market is fierce, and the cooperation with distributors and brand vendors and technology exchange are indispensable. Hence, Lextar strives to become the total solution provider regarding the light source technology in the lighting market. While Lextar seeks partnership, the ability of manufacturing lighting products will be taken into account with the aim of integrating with Lextar’s light engine module and optical, mechanical, electronic and thermal solutions. Despite different light product designs, the light engine Lextar provides is the same. The future trend of LED lighting is the smart lighting solution with integrated light source: through solid-state lighting applications, the designer creates an environment by controlling the lighting in response to different daily schedules and moods. Since its establishment in 2008, with the motto of “Smart Lighting, Amazing Life,” Lextar has been targeting at the prospects of the lighting market in the hope of becoming a world class LED company.

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Interview LED measuring equipment is a key factor of Quality: Interview with Richard Distl, CEO of Instrument Systems

As the LED industry has become mature, LED makers have been laying more emphasis on the chip quality. Due to the great amount of backlight applications in the LED industry and manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; increasing focus on the uniform light distribution, a lot of LED makers have encountered optical measuring problems. The field of LED lighting is now in dare need of better optical measuring equipment: with the increasing orders from Europe, America and Japan, clients not only focus on luminous efficacy but also stress more on the light uniformity, fidelity and color rendering. Therefore, the LED industry needs adequate measuring equipment to f ul f ill di ver s e d e m a n d s . C o m p a r e d t o t h e m ea s u r i n g e q u i p m e n t a d o p t e d b y Ta i w a n e s e manufacturers which features high-sensitivity and achieves accurate results, the measuring equipment adopted by American and European manufacturers, which meets international standards, costs much more.

% V 6 ' * T 6 R 6 6 * $ % * " R 6 6

LED Measuring Equipment is Key to Impeccable Quality: Interview with Richard Distl, CEO of Instrument Systems Ivan Lin, Editor-in-Chief of LEDinside

On this note, Instrument Systems, the largest optical measuring equipment manufacturer in the world, teaming up with its Taiwanese factory Rapitech, held a seminar on March 31, 2011 in Hsinchu, Taiwan, where it announced its new optical measuring equipment CAS120. C A S1 2 0 i s d e s i g n e d t o m e e t t h e g r e a t measuring need of LED production line and is a less expensive version of High-end measuring equipment CAS140CT, which is widely used by foreign laboratories and major manufacturers. LEDinside had the honor to interview Richard Distl, CEO of Instrument Systems, and Dr. Thomas Attenberger, vice general manager of Instrument Systems, in which they remarked on the latest trend of LED measurement.

BeLight vol.07, 2011

LED industry needs adequate measuring equipment to fulfill the diverse demands

CAS120 is designed for LED production lines

" $ % The trend of LED measuring equipment: increasing emphasis on total cost of ownership CEO Richard Distl indicated that the expansion of LED companies in the past few years has resulted in significant growth in the LED measuring equipment market.Instrument Systems, having 20 years of experience in providing measuring equipments and chosen by big names such as Osram and Philips, holds high market share because of the accurate result its equipment generates, which is crucial for manufacturing products that meet international standards. A lot of companies purchase Instrument Systemsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; CAS140CT for their laboratories to measure their samples and evaluate their development plans. However, without measuring equipment in their production lines, their LED product quality and yield will not be able to compete with that of major manufacturers. If LED companies continue to use the old LED measuring equipment, a lot of total cost of ownership (TCO) will be wasted on verifying and solving problems, and hence, TCO will remain high. Even though the new LED measuring equipment costs more, the benefits it brings will contribute to better yield and LED quality. Mr. Distl used a three-level pyramid to explain the situation: he pointed out that its measuring equipment is at the top of the pyramid; nonetheless, Instrument System still launches ? a mid-end measuring equipment to help more manufacturers to improve their LED quality, and distinguishes itself from those measuring equipment makers which are located at the bottom of the pyramid.

The high price of CAS140CT will compromise the purchases from Taiwanese manufacturers, b e c a u s e t h e i r p r o f i t m a r g i n i s l o w e r, compared to that of American and European manufacturers. CAS120 makes a suitable choice for Taiwanese manufacturers. It is a cost-down version of CAS140CT with lower sensitivity, and it also meets the CIE127 standard and can fulfill the demand of mass production, which makes it a much better choice than other measuring equipments. Mr. Distl pointed out that the difference that distinguishes Taiwanese manufacturers from Chinese manufacturers and manufacturers f r o m o t h e r r e g i o n s i s t h a t Ta i w a n e s e manufacturers not only are able to mass produce but also hold their products to a higher standard. T herefore, bet ter measuring equipment can earn them more competitiveness and put them in a more advantageous position in the LED industry. Additionally, Dr. Thomas Attenberger added that the appurtenances and components of CAS120 and CAS140CT are in good supply and they both operate with high stability and durability and require little system adjustment, which result in its outperformance against other average measuring equipment and can help LED production lines maintain its high efficiency.

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Interview President & CEO of Everlight, Robert Yeh: Everlight Will Directly Improve the Consumer Recognition of LED Application Products

President & CEO of Everlight, Robert Yeh: Everlight Will Improve the Consumer Recognition of LED Application Products If LED companies continue to use the old LED measuring equipment, a lot of total cost of ownership (TCO) will be wasted on verifying and solving problems, and hence, TCO will remain high. Faced with the competition from International giants, Everlight will create new value with diversified LED product lines and existing channels Up against Korean competitors like Samsung and LG, who can quickly develop LED business based on their brand outlets, Everlight adopted the approach of developing diversified product lines in response to the competition against vertical integration makers. Even in low-end market such as the Christmas lights market, Everlight has been working hard to maintain the market competitive advantage through cost control.

President & CEO of Everlight, Robert Yeh

Taiwan has built a strong LED landscape following the specialization model under the combined efforts of all LED makers. Everlight Electronics, the Taiwan-based leading LED package maker has not only successfully expanded its product lines but also made remarkable achievements in the brand management and project markets. This is an honor for LEDinside to have invited Robert Yeh, President & CEO of Everlight to talk about the future development and strategies of Everlight.

Besides, Everlightâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most valuable asset is channel management. Given the existing channels, it can create more value with the same technology. This is also the major reason why Everlight can still retain its leadership in the LED packaging market. Everlight is vigorously grabbing for business opportunities in the LED lighting market By means of virtual vertical Integration Everlight mainly produces LED components, LED optical drivers and modules as well as LED lighting products covering the fields from chips, packages to product application. Everlight is trying to enhance its competitiveness in the solid state lighting market through its virtual vertical integration model. In light of the upstream of LED industr y, Everlight has entered the area through subinves tment s inc luding share - holding in Epistar, Huga and Tekcore. As for the product application, Everlight familiarizes their lighting channels through cooperation with Shanghai Yaming Lighting. Apart from ODM / OEM, Everlight has also established brands such as Zenaro and Everlight SSL in the hope of further approaching consumers. Therefore, Everlight is rather active in the SSL development.

BeLight vol.07, 2011

Source: Everlight

Everlight Will Improve the Consumer Recognition of LED Application Products The change that Everlight has made to actively build up its own brands has been revealed from President Yeh’s insistence on energy-saving and environmental protection. He believes that with current technology, it is better to accelerate SSL introduction than to explore new energy solutions to achieve energysaving target and carbon emission reduction. Take the wind power for example, although the investment cost is low, the wind power popularization will be limited due to the wind field limitation. For the solar power, although it takes a $4000 investment to generate 1kw/hr, the same as the nuclear power, it does protect environment. However, the solar power can only generate 3kw/hr a day, far less than 24kw/ hr produced by the nuclear power. In terms of energy-saving awareness, it takes only $1000 to invest in 1KW/h saved by LED lighting. Besides the lowest cost, LED’s luminous efficacy has reached 120~130lm/w and is likely to reduce 20%~30% of the total cost along with its increasingly rapid improvement. After Japan’s earthquake, the energy-saving awareness has risen around the world. Everlight believes that LED lighting products can pioneer the trend of energy saving, carbon emission reduction and environmental protection thus can generate considerable market potential and opportunities.

To create its own brand, Everlight Electronics has founded Everlight SSL in 2011 for the Chinese market across the straits. It will also set up new facilities to reduce tariff and strengthen LED lighting investment in Mainland China. In addition to Everlight SSL, Everlight also joined hands with LCC from Germany and Aphos Lighting from the USA to co-establish the brand---Zenaro Lighting in 2010. In the future, Everlight will expand its bussiness to the B2C market and provide more awareness of LED application products to consumers. In view of LED lighting brand management, as all makers are currently exploring the LED lighting market, there will be no conflict of interests among its current customers. Everlight believes that LED marketing approach should be the same as that of IT products. Initially targeted markets will be Mainland China, Taiwan, Europe and North America. Then, a full range of LED lighting products will be provided to emerging markets like India, the Middle East, South East America and Russia.

Industry Outlook: LED Lighting Market will Undergo Several Reshuffle Testing the Product Quality, Reliability and Product Warranty Due to the low threshold, LED lighting industry is easy to enter, so the product quality is varied. In future, there will come several market reshuffles which test not only the product reliability but also the product warranty over time. LED lighting market still needs to establish national standards for LED makers to follow so that the product quality can be ensured under the standard operating procedure and safety regulations. With regard to the development of LED product lines, Everlight will develop more diversified LED product application fields while thinking about how to transcend lighting in future lighting applications. Moreover, Everlight expects to create a brand belonging to the Greater China in order to go neck and neck with European and American giants.

LED lighting market still needs to establish national standards for LED makers to follow so that the product quality can be ensured under the standard operating procedure and safety regulations

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

Technology High Thermal Conductive Flexible Circuit Board Materials

High Thermal Conductive Flexible Circuit Board Materials

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Technology Quality + Brand = Succesful LED Devlopment

Quality+Brand=Succesful LED Devlopment Alan Kuan (TTiC Lighting vice-president)

for downstream product is heat dissipation for electronic component 4

BeLight vol.07, 2011

LED Street Light (S01 Series, 100W~250W)

R01400N for sidewalk

40W LED tunnel light in Chongqing city 2009 June

320W LED projecting light installed on 30M light pled in Guang Zhou City, China, Feb. 2010

The emerging LED lighting industry is very clear. Several big companies have been emerged in the past three years. In addition, there are more newcomers forging ahead in this industry. In order to quickly penetrate into the market, some companies ignore having a thorough evaluation, such as an overall planning on intellectual property, technical competence assessment, and reliability of products. All these evaluations will determine the future of the company. It is no longer an important condition for companies to rely on governmental subsidy. Companies themselves at least have realized the market changes. In these days, China has changed their policies, such as stop subsidizing the mid and up stream MOCVD, with no technical superiority, and start to bring in technologies from other countries. In the beginning of this LED industry era, companies ignored the importance of superior technology. They thought that LED industry had developed for several decades, and defined LED as a kind of simple low-heat light with a power device. Moreover, the products were designed as cheap class consumables, and consumers felt that LED products failed easily. To date, based on the development of high power LED lighting, Cree and Osram, upstream firms in the market, have breakthrough in 130lm/W and have mass production capability.

This breakthrough also outperforms HIDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s limit of 110 lm/W. The critical technology for downstream product is heat dissipation for electronic component. It should take different heat dissipation techniques for different power design to reach the best C/P (capacity/price) value. Natural conventional heat dissipation should be adopted for Products, and radiator air cooling technique is for higher than 100W. Products can be designed light and small, and mass-production can be realized by modular approach. In order to participate in this new industry, companies must have an overall planning on securing the intellectual propertys in advance, establishing the standards to achieve the product reliability, and reliable statistics of the product ( such as the optimal thermal design: thermal resistance with 0.08Â°C/ W, operated at 50Â°C). While doing these, companies can gain confidence and support from consumers, and also can establish their own brand name. Only when prompt planning and plotting are taken place, expanding the market by forming strategic alliance with foreign companies, not focusing on competing the price, can companies then survive in the market.

Technology Latest LED Price Analysis from LEDinside

Figure 1 LED lighting with constant voltage source

Traditional LED Driver â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Constant Current Type

Latest LED Price Analysis from LEDinside By Lion Wu, Application Engineering Deputy Manager of Macroblock Inc.

Another LED lighting solution is designed with a constant current source. Figure 2 shows the design with the constant current source. In Figure 2, a linear regulator provides constant current to LEDs, and the output current can be programmed by R1. Compared with a constant voltage LED driver, a constant current LED driver is able to control the LED current regardless of the variations of the input voltage and the LED forward voltage. However, the increasing voltage difference between the input voltage and the total LED forward voltage will still result in heat and efficiency problems on the driver.

Introduction The lighting industry is facing an evolution, while the development of high power LED is getting mature. Therefore, the life time of LEDs and power efficiency become important issues for LED lighting. LEDs require constant current to maintain constant color performance. Therefore, a constant current LED driver helps extend the life time of LEDs. In addition, the hysteretic PFM scheme maximizes power efficiency across a wide range of loading conditions, which satisfy the need for power saving in LED lighting applications. Finding these advantages, Macroblock develops the MBI6650, a high efficiency, constant current, step-down DC/DC converter, for high power LED lighting applications. Integrating the hysteretic PFM scheme and applying constant current, the MBI6650 enhances power efficiency up to 93% and easily extends the life time of LEDs. Moreover, safety issue is also a concern when designing a reliable lighting system. The MBI6650 also has built-in protection functions to protect the LED drivers and maintain the system reliability. The following paragraphs will further explain how MBI6650 can help with the LED lighting system designs.

Traditional LED Driver â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Constant Voltage Type For LED applications, a forward current determines the brightness of LEDs either by a constant voltage source or by a constant current source. The larger forward current results in the brighter LED. Figure 1 shows the simplest design of the LED lighting with a constant voltage source in order to control the LED current by adding a current limiting resistor. For example, if the input voltage is 5V, the forward voltage of LED is 3.6V, the desired LED current is 20mA, and then the calculated R1 is

LED forward voltage, which results in the noticeably different LED brightness levels. In addition, the power dissipated in the current limiting resistor causes the heat and efficiency problems.

BeLight vol.07, 2011

Figure 2 LED lighting with constant current source

Hysteretic PFM Control Scheme Hys teretic pulse -frequenc y- modulation (PFM) control scheme features the efficiency improvement especially at the light loading condition. Macroblock takes advantages of such technology on the constant current DC/DC converter-MBI6650 for LED lighting applications. Figure 3 demonstrates the application circuit of the MBI6650 and figure 4 shows the waveform of the hysteretic PFM control scheme. In figure 3, VSEN is the voltage across RSEN, which can determine the output current; VH is the high level reference voltage, whose value is 1.3 times of VSEN, and VL is the low level reference voltage, whose value is 0.7 times of VSEN.

When the power is turned on, VSEN is lower than VH, which causes the internal MOSFET of the MBI6650 to be turned on and VSEN increases with IL. Until VSEN is equal to VH, the MOSFET will be turned off, and VSEN will decrease with IL. When VSEN decreases and is down to VL, the internal MOSFET will be turned on again, and the process is repeated again. However, the inductor current will always work in the Continuous Current Mode (CCM) due to the characteristics of the Hysteretic PFM control scheme. This is helpful in terms of reducing the LED ripple current.

Add-In Full Protection Functions for LED Lighting System

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The switching frequency of this control scheme varies according to the output loading; that is, the heavy loading results in the low switching frequency. Under the same loading condition, the larger inductance results in the lower switching frequency. However, the lowest switching frequency is limited to 40 kHz so to avoid audio noise. In addition to the efficiency improvement at the light loading condition, hysteretic PFM also brings other advantages such as space-saving and cost effectiveness because its high-side current limit allows users to choose a smaller size resistor with lower power consumption.

To ensure the reliability and safety of the drivers and the LED lighting system, the MBI6650 is also designed with full protection functions. The under voltage lockout (UVLO) func tion is to protec t the driver s from abnormal operation with a hysteresis between the start-up voltage and the turn-off voltage thresholds of the drivers. The open-circuit and short-circuit protection functions also prevent the drivers and the system from damages. M o r e over, to p revent th e dr i ver s f r o m overheating, the MBI6650 also offers thermal protection function with the temperature limit of 140Â°C to prevent the drivers from overheating.

Conclusion

Figure 4 Waveform of hysteretic PFM control scheme

The MBI6650 brings several advantages when it comes to designing safe and efficient LED lighting system, such as the efficiency improvement from the hysteretic PFM scheme, constant current source to extend the lifetime of LEDs, and the thorough protection functions to ensure the safety of the lighting system. Compared with the traditional LED drivers, the MBI6650 is a more effective and economic option for LED lighting applications.

vol.07, 2011 BeLight

BeLight

Media Kit 2011

Reach LED Buyers at global LED events

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London, UK

January 12-13, 2011

120

3,350

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Tokyo Big Sight,Japan

January 19-21

500

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June 8-9, 2011

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June 9-12, 2011

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600

LEDforum Shanghai 2011

Shanghai, China

July 6-7, 2011

Shanghai International Lighting Expo 2011 & LED Shanghai 2011

Shanghai, China

July 6-9, 2011

500

40,000

SEMICON West 2011

San Fran, CA

July 12-14, 2011

683

20,000

Qingdao International Building Energy-saving Fair 2011

Qingdao, China

July 21-24, 2011

500

40,000

The LED Show

NV, US

July 26-27, 2011

China International Optoelectronic Expo 2011

Shenzhen, China

September 6-9, 2011

2000

80,000

2011 China International Road Lamp & Outdoor Lights Expo Shanghai, China

September 21-23, 2011

Lighting & Display Korea

Daegu, Korea

Septamber 28-30, 2011

460

26,037

CEATEC Japan 2011

Tokyo, Japan

October 4-8, 2011

590

150,302

Green Device 2011

Japan

October 26-28, 2011

2,580

43,599

Hong Kong International LightingFair (Autumn Edition)

HK, China

October 27-30, 2011

2,000

31,000

LEDforum Taipei 2011

Taipei, Taiwan

November 1-2, 2011

LED Forum Moscow (Interlight)

Moscow, Russia

November 9-10, 2011

SEMICON Japan

Chiba, Japan

December 7-8, 2011

BeLight vol.07, 2011

800 408

20,224

Priority