Future Challenges • Increase of population and migration to urban areas • Depletion of stock of non-renewable natural resources • Degradation of upper catchment areas resulting in flood and freshwater shortage
Policy to meet the challenges • Efficiency of the use of non renewable resources • Intensification of the use of renewable resources • Optimization of the use of land in accordance with its carrying capacity • Sustainable growth with equity to the people Sustainable development with green growth as a tool
Strategy to meet the challenges • Green growth (GG) is not a goal but merely a tool to sustainable development • Sustainable development is the ultimate objective of implementing GG • Implementation of GG should be directed towards the achievement of sustainable economic growth with equity – Green Economy • Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) as a main tool for spatial planning (Act. No. 32 Year 2009, Article 15)
ELEMENT OF GREEN ECONOMY • Low Carbon • Resource efficiency • Socially Inclusive (UNEP, 2011)
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICES - PRIVATE Initiated by private sector •
SUSTAINABLE MINING PT Medco E&P Indonesia (Oil and gas) The Intensive Planting Program, PT Medco E&P Indonesia Kampar Block replants twice as many trees as the cleared land. Up to 2011, the company has planted 137 trees that absorb carbon dioxide. PT Medco E&P Indonesia Kampar Block also recycles organic waste and turns them into compost. Local people are involved in this program, which can recycle an average of 200 kilograms of waste per month, half of which is turned into compost. RE – LC - SI
Source:Overview Indonesia’s Sustainable Development
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICES - PRIVATE Initiated by private sector •
SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRY PT. HOLCIM Indonesia (Cement) For ex-mining site conservation, PT Holcim Indonesia-Cilacap Factory conducted reclamation activity in Nusakambangan site area by planting 8,670 native trees in the 22.8 hectare area (or 20.2% of the total operational site) in 2010. The company also planted hard-wood trees in 29.1 hectare of site in Jeruklegi, or approximately 28.1% of the total operational site. The reclamation activities reached almost 100%. LC Source:Overview Indonesia’s Sustainable Development
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICES - GOVERNMENT Initiated by Government •
SUSTAINABLE CITIES Green Building and Low Carbon Development Implementation of Green Building practices is a component to support low carbon development through policies and programs on increasing energy and water efficiency using environment-friendly construction materials, and using lowcarbon technology. The government also encourages all stakeholders to participate in tackling climate change issue in the building construction sector through the Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 8/2010 on Criteria and Certification of Environment-Friendly Buildings. LC
Source:Overview Indonesia’s Sustainable Development
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICE - GOVERNMENT Initiated by Government •
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Sustainable Food Reserve Garden Ministry of Agriculture has also developed programs to empower rural family to build its own capacity in food security. One of them is development of Food Reserve Garden (FRG). FRG is implemented by involving communities and relevant parties at central and regional levels The pilot of FRG was established in February 2011 at Jelok, Kayen Village, Pacitan, East Java RE - SI Source:Overview Indonesia’s Sustainable Development
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICE - GOVERNMENT Infrastructure •
SUSTAINABLE CITIES Green City Development Green City Development, Green city program started with raising Green City initiatives and commitments from 60 cities and districts through the formulation of Green City Action Plan (RAKH) in 2011. The 60 cities and districts will have to implement the action plan in 2012 Program will focus on three out of eight green city attributes: 1. City planning and design which accommodate the green agenda 2. Creation and development of green open space and urban green open space network 3. Raising community’s sensitivity, awareness and active roles in developing green city’s attributes (green planning and design, green open space, green community, green building, green energy, green water, green transportation, and green waste) Source:Overview Indonesia’s Sustainable Development
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICE - GOVERNMENT •
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY Self Reliant Energy Village (DME) The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) has launched a program that handles self-reliant energy village program (DME). The DME program is a program of energy supply by utilizing the potential energy found in that village from both biofuel and non-biofuel with technology that can be operated by the local people, such as Biofuel technologies, Micro-hydro, Wind Energy Technology, Solar Technology, Biogas Technology, Biomass technology, and others. The DME program is intended as an entry point for the first rural economic activities launched by the President of Indonesia in Grobogan Village, Central Java in 2007and is followed by other villages throughout Indonesia. At the end of 2009 it is expected to achieve 850 DME and at the end of 2014 it is expected to form 3000 DME
Source:Overview Indonesia’s Sustainable Development
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICE - LOCAL •
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY Cinta Mekar Hydro Power One of the most recognized micro hydro power project in indonesia is that is developed by yayasan ibeka in cinta mekar village (Cinta Mekar Micro Hydro Power Plant/MHPP). It catapults ibeka's reputation in developing public private and community based micro hydro power plant. The cinta mekar project is a 120- kW micro hydro power plant (MHPP) designed to generate supply of grid connected electricity. The project is located in Cinta Mekar village, Subang, West Java, about 150 km from the capital city of Jakarta. Cinta Mekar, which consists of four subvillages, is home to 646 families. Prior to the start of the project, 102 households were without electricity
Source:Overview Indonesia’s Sustainable Development
Individual initiatives by local communities, private companies, and government efforts indicates practices that may eventually lead to sustainable development. However, aggregation of individual efforts at national level may not fully lead Indonesia to green economy, unless some policy actions are taken Analysis from various studies indicates Indonesia is still in very low ranking in terms of carbon in the world, still not efficient in using its resources, while the inequality of distribution of income remains
Jakarta has introduced the bus rapid transit, the emission inspection and the introduction of gas as fuel for public transport. Even if all vehicles in Jakarta switch to cleaner fuel, the problem of heavy traffic, inefficiency of energy use will not be solved A good mass rapid transport (MRT system) needs to be put in place in order to promote a more intensive use of public transport and better efficiency and cleaner use of energy resources The Government needs to develop more new energy and renewable energy resources that are cleaner than conventional fossil energy
Economic instruments need to be put in place in order to apply the polluters pay principle A fiscal reform needs to be introduced where higher tax be imposed to activities with more intensive use of resources and more carbon emission and tax incentive be imposed to activities with more efficient use of resources and less carbon release Moratorium of conversion of forest and protected areas that has been taken by the Government should be maintain until further evaluation
GREEN GROWTH IMPLEMENTATION
• The concept of sustainable development, let alone green growth, might not be well understood in our country. However, Local wisdom becomes the basis for further developing best partices of sustainable development principles, in more focus way, in a more systemic way, that may eventually lead the country to culture herself as a sustainability society. The Government will play a role of facilitating and encouraging good sustainable development practices at all level that will result in the increase of resilience of our economy in coping with potential crises in the next decade, be in food, in energy, in water, and in climate change. Greening the economy will be developed into the development of sectors at middle and low level that will increase the resilience of our economy, by gradually replacing the domination of extractive economy and industry.
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