MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HOUSING REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
Sustainable Urban Development Focusing on “New Urban Agenda” in Indonesia Delivered by: M. Basuki Hadimuljono Minister of Public Works & Housing Wakatobi, 5th September 2015 Asia Pacific Conference on “Local Government Voices Toward HABITAT III on New Urban Agenda” The 2nd Session of 2015 UCLG ASPAC Executive Bureau and 2015 Council Meetings
Outline
A.
Indonesia National Report for Habitat III
B.
Indonesia New Urban Agenda (6 themes) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Urban Demographic, Social Cohesion & Equity Urban Planning & Spatial Development Urban Ecology & Environment Urban Governance & Legislation Urban Economy Housing & Basic Services
2
A Indonesia National Report for Habitat III
3
Towards a New Urban Agenda HABITAT I 1976 WORLD URBAN POPULATION 37.9% Recognition that shelter and urbanization are global issues to be addressed collectively Creation of the United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS-Habitat)
Vancouver, Canada
“Adequate Shelter For All”
HABITAT II 1996 WORLD URBAN POPULATION 45.1%
HABITAT III 2016 WORLD URBAN POPULATION 54.5%
Cities are the engines of global growth Urbanization is an opportunity Call for a stronger role of local authorities Recognition of the power of participation
Istanbul, Turki
“Sustainable Human Settlements in an Urbanizing World”
Quito, Ecuador
“Sustainable Urbanization” 4
New Urban Agenda: Areas, Issues, and Policy Units Social Cohesion & Equity
6 Areas
Urban Planning & Spatial Development
Urban Ecology & Environment
Urban Governance & Legislation
Urban Economy
Housing & Basic Services 5
Indonesia Existing Condition • • •
•
Geography of Indonesia: archipelago, ring of fire, prone to disasters Diversity: culture, religion, ethnicity, biodiversity Wide range of economic gap: disparities between region as well as urban and rural Demographic bonus in 2030: – Acceleration of economic growth due to changing population age structure characterized by declining dependency ratio of non-working age population to working age population. – Increase the supply of labor, saving, and the quality of human resources – Policy: develop human resource, maintain low birth ratio, improve workforce skills and competencies, create jobs, assure workforce market flexibility, foster global partnership, provide adequate infrastructures
•
Uneven distribution of population, skills, and education
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Indonesia Today and Future Aspect Economy in the world
Members of consuming class Contribution of population in cities to GDP Skilled workers Market opportunity in consumer services, agriculture and fisheries, resources, and education Source: McKinsey Global Institute, 2012
2012
2030
16th-largest
7th-largest
45 million
135 million
53% pupulation to 71% population to 74% GDP 86% GDP 55 million
113 million
US$0,5 trillion
US$1,8 trillion
B Indonesia New Urban Agenda: 6 Themes
8
1 Urban Demographic, Social Cohesion and Equity
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Urban Demographic, Social Cohesion & Equity facts and issues URBANIZATION LEVEL AGING POPULATION
Urban Population: within 4 decades (1970 – 2010),
increased 6 times 52% in 2010 70% in 2050 annual growth rate at 1.49%
DEMOGRAPHIC BONUS
68,08%
productive age of 15-64 years old (in 2030)
24 million
aging population (2010)
69,65 years old
life expectancy (2011)
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
47,91%
participation rate 10
Urban Demographic, Social Cohesion & Equity initiatives MANAGING POPULATION/ URBANIZATION through birth control or reproduction quality improvement; small and medium cities as rural migrants destination
providing open parks, public transport and infrastructure for youth/toddler and elderly people, etc
AGE FRIENDLY CITY
ADDRESSING URBAN YOUTH NEEDS
empowering youth by means of productive and creative activities such as 1001 books, Indonesia Teaching Program, Indonesia Urban Agriculture Program, Indonesia Story Telling, etc
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
through the Presidential Instruction No. 9/2000 in order to reduce gender bias in participatory process of urban planning and development
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Indonesia New Urban Agenda ...(1)
2 URBAN PLANNING AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
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Urban Spatial Planning and Development facts and issues SECURED LAND TENURE
only
50% registered land
URBAN SPRAWL
urban land expansion in metropoles exp. Jakarta, Bandung, Bali & Surabaya LAND CONVERSION
85.574 ha
converted from agricultural area to built-up area 14
Urban Spatial Planning & Development initiatives
FROM PLANNING TO ACTION
ENHANCING URBAN AND PERI-URBAN MANAGEMENT
Enactment of Law 26/2007 concerning Spatial Planning and Development, 86% mandatory Local Spatial Plan (RTRW) ; detailed spatial plans are currently prepared.
land value zones and economic value area zones, land stewardship, asset legalization, social mapping
IMPROVING URBAN LAND MANAGEMENT
protecting agricultural land, preserving urban agriculture, rural landscape, etc
IMPROVING TECHNICAL CAPACITY TO PLAN AND MANAGE CITIES monitoring the implementation of spatial plan, through spatial investigator (PPNS); metropolitan coordinating agencies e.g BKSP in Jabodetabek 15
Indonesia New Urban Agenda ...(1)
3 URBAN ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
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Urban Ecology & Environment facts and issues AIR POLLUTION
50%
Cities are Exposed to Air Pollution
NATURAL DISASTER
96%
hydro-meteorology related disaster
75%
harmful GHG
6 m2
per person
green open space
• 36 events of floods
61 died and 110.129 people have to be relocated
• 25 events of landslides 40 died
• 42 events of storm
3 died and 5200 home & public facilities destroyed
CLIMATE CHANGE
20%
carbon emission contributed by urban activities
2oC
in the last 50 years
urban heat island
0,73-0,76 cm per year
sea level rise 18
Urban Ecology & Environment initiatives REDUCING AIR POLLUTION • • • •
reducing traffic congestion and improving mass transportation dedicating more areas for green urban space (min.30%) promoting car free days reducing the dependence on fossil fuel
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT • • •
improving local capacity to mitigate disaster accomplishing emergency disaster management rehabilitating infrastructure
ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IN URBAN AREAS • •
implementing emission reduction program based on National Action Plan on Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change (RAN MAPI) promoting low carbon city through green city development program (P2KH) 19
Indonesia New Urban Agenda ...(1)
4 URBAN GOVERNANCE & LEGISLATION
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Urban Governance and Legislation
GOVERNING URBANIZATION
• Mayors and Regents general election in 2015 • Regulations on local management institutions - autonomous governing at local level
• Regulations on fiscal
capacities
- criteria and guidance on general fund allocation (DAU), specific fund allocation (DAK) and revenue sharing fund
• Regulations on management
of natural and human resources
• Regulations on demographic
and society
- city spatial planning: 82,8% enacted by local government regulation (Perda) - sectoral masterplan: on water, building, road, etc - population control/ family planning - public services: health, education, etc
22
Indonesia New Urban Agenda ...(2)
5 URBAN ECONOMY
24
Urban Economy facts and issues CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL GDP
74% contribution to national GDP
during 2005-2010
• 45% from metro and big cities • 18% from medium cities • 11% from small cities
68%
disparity among cities in KBI and KTI
employee
INFORMAL SECTOR
unemployment level poor people
EMPLOYMENT AND URBAN LIVELIHOODS25
Urban Economy initiatives
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT accelerating economic growth and social welfare through Strategic Development Regions (SDR)
CREATIVE ECONOMY
exploring creative economy as new potential urban economic activities
URBAN PRODUCTIVITY
reducing the number of low income groups living in urban areas through local economic empowerment
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPOCIBILITY promoting local economic development through public private partnership 26
Indonesia New Urban Agenda ...(2)
6 HOUSING & BASIC SERVICES
28
Housing & Basic Services
facts and issues
SLUM AREA
SAFE DRINKING WATER
6,96%
79,34%
living in slums (2013)
service coverage (2013)
2%
annual growth of service coverage
HOUSING
7.6 mil
5 mil
Housing backlog
Housing Target
SANITATION & WASTE 2013 2006 1996
77.15% 54.13% 49.04%
waste facility
56% regular waste collection 29
Housing & Basic Services
initiatives
SLUM UPGRADING AND SLUM PREVENTION Kampung Improvement Program (KIP), Groupbased housing development program (P2BPK) in 1989-2000, Urban poverty alleviation program (P2KP), Community-based Initiatives for Housing and Local Development (Co-BILD), Neighborhood Upgrading and Shelter Sector Project (NUSSP), Urban Redevelopment (on going), etc
IMPROVING ACCESS TO ADEQUATE HOUSING One million housing program: subsidized apartment for low and middle income, landed housing, incentives for private developers to provide low cost housing
Community based clean water provision program (Pamsimas)
ENSURING SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER ENSURING SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO BASIC SANITATION AND DRAINAGE communitybased sanitation program, e.g Sanimas 30
Housing & Basic Services
facts and issues
MODAL TRANSPORTATION
80% modal transportation usage
4 people 1 motorbike
NON ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TRANSPORTATION • • •
air pollution traffic jam high consumption of fossil fuel
48%
fossil fuel consumption 31
Urban Transportation initiatives
mass rapid transportation non-motorized vehicle, such as pedestrian ways or bicycle paths
integrated public transportation modes with supporting facilities such as park and ride, trade and service centers and feeder transportation 32
Map of Strategic Development Regions in Indonesia
33 33
Concept of Strategic Development Region(s) To achieve national target of Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PWH), SDR approach is intended to integrate regional development with market driven initiatives by considering environmental carrying capacity. It focuses on PWH infratructure development to promote economic growth and to reduce regional disparities. Thus, it is needed an integrated PWH planning and programming in SDR, such as in urban areas, industrial estate, ports, etc.
34
Promote Public Works and Housing Infrastructure Supports to SDR Connectivity • Linking among clusters (urban, industry, ports) to improve economic development, reducing regional disparities and accelerating growth
Urban and Industrial Area • Supporting economic growth
Hinterland • Improving business process linkages (backward and forward linkages)
Community • Improving quality of environment and basic services, as well as provisioning public housing 35
Map of Outer Island SDR
36
resilient and smart city as innovative approaches infrastructure
population
balancing environmental and socio-economic aspects innovative technologies green tecnology and ICT
specific local needs
public
energy
consumer sector citizen safety mobility
utilities
natural resources
efficiency initiatives transportation ICT colaboration
business news
resilient smart
city
sustainable
the strength of local leadership
37
Green City, A Step Towards Transformation Into a Smart city Since 2011, MPWH facilitate 8 Green City attributes in 112 cities/districts
GREEN CITY
SMART TECHNOLOGY
8 attributes of green cities
Technology –based city, especially in information and communication technology, mobilize human resources, social capital, and infrastructure supported by intelligent community (society knowledge & smart community)
38
Attribute
1
Integrated Planning on Infrastructure Development for MBBPT Strategic Area
Smart Development Planning
(Merak-Bakauheni-Bandar Lampung – Palembang – Tanjung Apiapi)
For the purpose of resource efficiency Integrated planning for infrastructure and area development Integrated infrastructure of toll roads, railways, and other utilites
1 1 Tanjung Api-api
KA. Palembang dsk
2 PALEMBANG
SBOT
Indralaya
3
Prabumulih
Kayu Agung
4 LEGEND
National Activity Center
KA. Muara Enim dsk
Integrated inter and intra area development (Special Economic Zone, Potential Zone, Industrial Zone, Priority Zone and National Strategic Area)
Pematang Panggang
Regional Activity Center KA. Mesuji dsk
New Growth Center (Toll Road Interchange) MBBPT Affected Region Toll Road, Railway , and High Voltage Transmission Plan Special Economic Zone (KEK) Potential Zone(KP) Industrial Zone (KI) Priority Zone (KA) National Strategic Area (KSN)
Menggala KA. Kotabumi dsk
SOE Kota Bumi
KA. Bandar Lampung-Metro
1 5
2 Terbanggi Besar
Metro Tegineneng
6 3
BANDAR LAMPUNG Babatan
Tanggamus
Capacity Expansion Plan of Ferry Port 1.000 MW Power Plant Plan
KSN Selat Sunda
Kalianda Bakauheni
7 CILEGON 4
SERANG
Integrated intermoda transportation (Maritime and Land) Innovative financing scheme (SOE assignment with state guarantee and facilities )
Integrated Planning on Infrastructure Development of MBBPT Strategic Development Tanjung Lesung 8 1 Region (Merak – Bakauheni – Bandar Lampung – Palembang – Tanjung Apiapi) 39 KA. Bojonegara-MerakCilegon
Integrated High Capacity Trunk Line of MBBPT Strategic Development Region (Merak-Bakauheni-Bandar Lampung – Palembang – Tanjung Apiapi)
Multifunction Utility Box • • • • • •
Oil Electricity Pipe Drinking water Telecommunication etc
40
Sensor and
Wifi usage
Attribute
2
CCTV
Videotron
For security and comfort
As a media socialization to improve public awareness
Smart Green Open Space )
30% Green Open Space Policy (Particularly in Urban Areas) • Provision of theme park • Distribution of Green Open Space at all level (city wide, sub-district, and neighborhood) • Support ecological function for microclimate, oxygen production, rainwater absorption and pollution control, etc
Automatic toll booth
Smart Card
ERP Transit Oriented development (TOD)
Atribut
3
Smart Transportation System ) Optimize the use of mass transportation and nonmotorized vehicle in order to reduce greenhouse gases
Urban green belt in KBT( bike and pedestrian ways)
Busway censor to control bus headway 42
Clean development Mechanism (CDM) in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Denpasar Atribut
4
Smart Waste management
3R (e.g: waste to energy program in Bantar Gebang)
43
Atribut
5
Smart Water Management 44
EAST FLOOD CANAL (KBT) CORRIDOR
KBT as a Showcase for Green Infrastructure Corridor
• • • •
Flood control Water conservation Green Open space corridor Water transportation
Early warning system for water inundation assesment in Jakarta Metropolitan Area
Construction of Karet Dam (2014) 44
Atribut
6
panels and solar energy sensor
Smart Building 45
glass material to absorb light and reflect heat
safety earthquakes sensor
reuse of rainwater for toilets and garden
45
Smart Grid development
Water Resources Infrastructure Supports Energy Sustainability through hydropower Utilization (PLTA), especially in large rivers such as the Muara Juloi, Central Kalimantan.
Atribut
7
developing palm plantation as a new source of bioenergy for urban areas
Smart Energy
Smart city lighting in several public areas 46
Smart Community
Atribut
Improve social awareness
8
developing community capacity
Continuous Learning and innovation lead City
Online community networking among cities
47
Indonesia New Urban Agenda ...(2)
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HOUSING REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH