Urban Ecological Planning 1st semester #4
Fieldwork Report
2020
Ingvild Høgseth,
This report is the result of a semester’s work conducted by students of a 2-year International Master of Science Program in Urban Ecological Planning (UEP) at the Faculty of Architecture and Design at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, Norway.
While the traditions of UEP fieldworks date back to the 1980s, this year’s project work is much different than everything we have done before. Most of the previous one-semester UEP fieldworks were performed together by the entire class in one or two cities simultaneously in Nepal, India, Uganda and/or Norway and with a maximum of three case neighbourhoods in each city.
The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 made international mobility close to impossible and ethnographic fieldwork very difficult. We have spent a lot of time discussing adjustments and changes to replicate teaching this semester in such a way that the students get the best learning experience possible and resemble what their forerunners had experienced in previous fieldworks.
Most of the 18 students who finished this challenging semester had to stay in their hometowns located in Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Iran, Nepal and Norway. They were divided into four groups of four or five, where every student was from a different country. Each of them chose their own local case study area close to where they live. Examples of the chosen spaces are road stretches, intersections, parks, public squares and markets. All the communication between students and their supervisors took place digitally. While it is unfortunate that the students could not travel together, their diverse backgrounds and all the corona-related adjustments allowed us to expand the number of case cities from one or two (as in previous fieldworks) to a total of 13 cities on three continents!
In their project work, students practiced what we call the “Urban Ecological Planning” approach, which focuses on integrated area-based (as opposed to sectorial) situational analysis and proposal making using participatory and strategic planning methods. All students performed regular site visits and engaged with local communities and stakeholders, as much as the COVID-19 protocols allowed. Social distancing and other locally-imposed restrictions forced many of the students to look for and test new ways of collecting field data, for example using mobile applications and social networks. This has been a great learning experience for both the students and teachers.
Through a combination of fieldwork and remote methods, students gained an in-depth understanding of the local contexts, which allowed them to identify opportunities and challenges in their corresponding areas. This kind of in-depth understanding would be impossible to achieve by applying more traditional technocratic and purely quantitative planning methods. In some cases, students rediscovered places they knew very well from a new perspective, and realized how complex urban development can be. Others made strategic partnerships, which will hopefully lead to implementing some of the ideas they developed.
For us in the teaching team it was the first experience of supervising multiple fieldworks without physical interaction with the students. While it was difficult at the beginning, we found good ways to work together and exchange knowledge. This practice of working closely, but from a distance, seems like a very relevant and important ability in the post-COVID19 future.
Each of the four student groups was responsible for developing their own report, with four or five case study chapters (one per student). This report sums up the work of the group working in Rasht (Iran), Trondheim (Norway), Kasoa (Ghana) and Dhaka (Bangladesh). We hope you enjoy reading this document as much as we enjoyed supervising students in their work!
Marcin Sliwa, Cinthia Stecchini, Riny Sharma and Rolee AranyaFieldwork Supervisors, NTNU, Department of Architecture and Planning
Throughout the process of the fieldwork, we have gotten support from the teaching team through lectures, supervisions and keeping an open door to assist whenever they are called upon.. We would like to thank the urban informalities team, and particularly our Professor Rolee Aranya for her support as supervisor and to Professor Riny Sharma who had to step in at a point in time, we are indeed indebted to you all.
This study was carried upon during the COVID-19 pandemic which heightened reservations about face-to-face interaction. We are grateful to stakeholders and individuals who agreed and indeed participated in the study despite the risk. We would also like to thank institutions including the respective local governments who aided the various projects in a way or two.
DCC : Dhaka City Corporation
DNCC: Dhaka North City Corporation
UEP: Urban Ecological Planning
SWOT: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
NGO: Non-governmental organization
RAJUK: Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakhha
Fieldwork
Methods
Planning systems
Case 1 - Rasht, Iran
Context Methods
Situational analysis
Stakeholder mapping Problem statement Strategic intervention Reflection
Case 2 - Trondheim, Norway Context Methods
Situational analysis Stakeholder mapping Problem statement Strategic intervention Reflection
Case 3 - Kasoa, Ghana
Context Methods
Situational analysis Problem statement Strategic intervention Reflection
Situational analysis
Stakeholder mapping
Data
SWOT analysis
Problem statement
Strategic intervention
Appendix
for
of stakeholders approached,
guide,
of market association,
survey of market vendors, case
survey of market users, case
Rasht, Iran
Case 4
Dhaka, Bangladesh
The report’s introduction will present methods used in the fieldwork, and an explanation and comparison of planning systems of the different fieldwork areas. The four fieldworks are presented separately, and includes situational analysis, problem statement and strategic intervention based on issues addressed. A reflection of the fieldwork and methods used will be done, as well as a conclusion of the gathered report.
Asad’s precedence is Architecture and Landscape Architecture. He is graduated from University of Tehran, Iran before joining the UEP program. His case study is a riverfront park in Rasht as a public space.
The fieldwork in Norway is done in Trondheim which is the fourth largest city in Norway, measured by population. Ingvild is from Norway, and have been an architecture student at NTNU Trondheim since her first year. She has joined the UEP course for one semester in her architecture studies. She is working with an intersection at Bakklandet, Trondheim.
Paa Kow is from Ghana in West Africa. His background is in geography and regional planning. He is working on a lorry park for his part in this project.
Rosemina is from Dhaka, Bangladesh. She is an architect by profession, but was always interested in urban design and public work. She is working with a market corridor and stairs for her case study in this paper.
The ongoing Covid 19 situations has affected the fieldwork of the semester. The methods used have been chosen after consideration of restrictions and safety of the student and stakeholders. Therefore methods of participatory planning with several attendees such as workshops have not been used. Face-to-face approaches has been used with caution. Known methods from Jan Gehl has been used (Gehl Institute, n.d. a, b), with adoptions to each case.
While observing, photos were taken to map activities and other relevant observations, and used for presenting the fieldwork.
Questions sheets have been used to approach users and mapping issues. Jan Gehl’s participant survey (Gehl Institute, n.d. a) has been used, with adaptions to each case. As an online tool, google question sheets has been used, and in some cases, a qr-code has been printed to reach neighbours.
To get an idea of the number of users, each fieldwork have registered the users by counting. The users have also been categorized, for instance by age and gender.
Previous studies have been done in the areas, which have been red as research. This has been useful for situation analysis to get a theoretical overview of present conditions and history.
For a better understanding of the place through the stakeholders’ perceptions, we have approached them face to face. Trough conversations, they have shared their thoughts and concerns about the place.
Stakeholders have also been interviewed. These interviews have consisted of open questions where the stakeholders are not led to map certain issues, but rather to get their opinion without an intention to confirm/refute any theories.
Several methods have been used when working with the case studies. Common for them have been observations, where users’ behaviour registered. As a tool, Jan Gehl’s moving count (Gehl Institute, n.d. b) has been used for several of the cases.
The planning system provided by the Iran Ministry of Roads and Urban Development allows generating strategic developmental formats based on a comprehensive landuse plan only in certain projects. The periodical updating of land-use plans as detailed planning is also considered in the system and municipal authority is responsible for providing the updated versions. Despite this possibility, the planning system is too rigid for allowing strategic planning and urban design projects to flourish. In terms of the studied city the planning updates were not produced accordingly, and it has not been responsive to the major issues of the city: the increasing population of the city, urban sprawl, lack of proper infrastructure specifically for old dense neighborhoods of the city, and environmental problems. The last update is generated this year attempting to improve the problem of urban informality expansion by more restrictions on the farmland conversion to residential function for such problems allowing high rise buildings and infrastructural development for water and waste network.
The current system of local governance was instituted in 1988 and has been adapted through legislation to the current system as we have it now in Local Government Act 2016 (Act 936). Governance in Ghana is organized along two levels with central and local wings of government. The local governments are classified into metropolitan, municipal and district assemblies based on the population within their catchment area. Neighbourhood representatives called Assembly Members are elected upon demarcated Electoral Areas and represent their respective neighbourhoods in the local government.Local governments are responsible for all day to day running of the cities, towns and villages in their jurisdiction including such issues such as health, education, security, economics, land management, sanitation, public spaces management, etc. They are also tasked with revenue generation through tolls, fines, property taxes, etc. Metropolitan/Municipal/District Assemblies coordinate and supervise all programs by Government Ministries and Departments and non-governmental organisations
On a regional level, areas will have a zoning plan. (Ridderström, n.d.) Trondheim municipality regulates the urban development in Trondheim. They have developed a strategy for urban development in terms of area use, infrastructure and transportation with a range from 2019 to 2050. (Trondheim kommune, 2019) There are several sub sections in Trondheim municipality, called Trondheim Bydrift (city operation), which is focused on the public areas. Byantikvaren (city antiquarian), managing cultural and historical importance of the city, have categorised preservation value of buildings, and the landowners needs to apply before doing any changes.
The Ministry of Housing and Public Works (MoW) and the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Coorporatives (MLGRDC) regulate all the urban projects and developments in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among them, The Public Works Department and the Urban Development Directorate implement the projects, whilst the City Corporation and Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakhha play major roles while taking any decisions. The policies and strategies of the development are a 10-year plan. The Detailed Area Plan and Landuse Plan proposed by the government should be used while constructing any structures in the city.
The first case area a public park in Rasht city in Iran. It is an extension park built in the riparian lands to complete a narrowly set riparian parks. This park is planned to provide a public life near the urban stream and Golsar residential blocks which is uptown of the city. Of the purposes have been maintaining the ecological quality of riparian lands. The project is defined in context of waste infrastructure renovation which is a major project that is slowly undergoing in terms of the blocking waste pipe out-lets to the urban streams and providing new network. The public space located at the border of the previously planned land use of the city. Beyond the stream is the area that in landuse plans it is defined as farmland in general and it is considered to be a limit to the city. But the informal settlements have taken place there similar to other suburbans of the city.
The geographic location of Rasht is at 49 degrees and 36 minutes east longitude and 37 degrees and 16 minutes north latitude of the Greenwich meridian and its area is about 136 kilometers. Rasht is a small part of the Gilan plain and of the the southern plains of the Caspian Sea. Two rivers join 4.5 km northwest of Rasht and then flow into the lagoon in a region called Pir Bazaar. They cross over the city of Rasht. In terms of topography, Rasht is a flat city and it is located on a ridge with 4 km long and 2 km wide. The height of the central zones of the city varies between (+1) and (-2). The level line is (-7) meters in densely populated areas. In the south and southwest and east, as we walk to the land near the river, the level declines.
global
of the
I use to go to the park on at least two times in a week for walking and it is a routine activity except during the outgoing bans that were put by the authorities for COVID related precautions. For the purpose of this study I also visited the informal settlement area on the other side of the river as transect walking and to visit the settlers.
I used counts specifically for understanding if COVID has impacted the way people behave in certain areas of the public space or its nearby. Because there is a graveyard in my area I used counts for new cases of graves during the semester although it became complicated because information about death cause was not provided enough.
Interviews and conversations
Several interviews and friendly conversations took place during the study.
An score-based questionnaire was designed in a stage to understand the park users and informal settlers priorities. Online mode accomplished with QR code( unsuccessful ) and a Telegram Chanel (Slightly successful) for the survey. I also asked people to fill the actuall questionnaire (more successful).
Based on both the mere observation and resulted data of the survey I tried mapping for the analysis that are presented in the next pages.
of
According to statistics published by the Meteorological Organization, the average annual rainfall days is 135 days. The minimum annual rainfall is 820 mm and the average is 1313.9 mm. (In presenting these figures, the amount of rainfall in heavy raining for less than 60 minutes is not considered which is very common). Usually, the months of September and October are the rainiest months of the year. But this is not fixed and sometimes the months of April, November, January, February and March have the highest rainfall in a year. The temperature of the city range is -8 to 37 degrees.
Humidity at dawn is between 90 and 95%, which decreases during the noon hours and increases again at night. Humidity reaches a minimum in summer and a maximum in winter, and the maximum humidity in different seasons varies by 100% and the minimum varies up to 60%.The winds that blow in Rasht are more moderate and do not have a specific dominant direction.
Rasht was originally a town located between the two rivers Goharrood and Siahrood, which were considered as the protection and borders of the city. Rasht existed in the pre-Islamic period;
During the continuous battles that traditionally took place the Gilan region, Rasht was often the scene of battles and was often hand-to-hand or set on fire and occupation of the city, execution of defenders, the previous century cases include war with British occupiers and urban war with Red Revolution communists, occupation of Rasht by World War II forces. Also, the spread of diseases such as cholera and plague between the years 1246 to 1247 AH due to the Rasht’s location on the silk trade rout, which led to the death of many people, added to the above suffering. The city of Rasht was damaged several times by earthquakes and fires between 1121 and 1260 AH and caused a great decrease in population in this city. The city caught fire six times between 1170 and 1320. In the fire of 1304 AH, the whole bazaar and two mosques and a large number of caravanserais and baths were destroyed.
The development of the city of Rasht began during the Safavid period; due to the economic development and peaceful relations of Iran and Russia Rasht developed to be a city., as it was the only bridge connecting Iran and trade through Russia through Anzali Port to Russia and European countries, and was Iran’s largest trade gateway to the north. Rasht’s commercial boom gradually waned and came to a complete halt after the fourth decade of the twentieth century. Except for two or three, the rest of neighborhoods and zones in the city which were developed then still exist and still are known by the same old names of the previous eras. This old fabric while being part of the cultural heritage and evokes the relics-traditions and customs of the old times, now they bear significant problems in terms of pollution and being unsuitable for today’s increasing demand for accommodation of new population.
This city had a municipal organization in 1285 AH. The building was inspired by the neoclassical architecture of Europe, especially the architecture of St. Petersburg, Russia, and was built by Iranian architects living in Rasht, and now, after 75 years, it is the seat of some the Rasht municipality offices Post and a religion-based social supervisory or control group (which is not well received by people!). In The Pahlavid modernization period development of this city was increased every day. Simultaneously with these changes and transformations, the architectural context of the city also underwent a fundamental change in its modernization. In the early Pahlavi period, with the arrival of a wave of new architectural tech., especially Eastern European architecture, the city was somewhat modernized Some main boulevard was developed and the city connection with other important cities namely Tehran and Qazvin, were developed in projects like entrance road and bridges to the central square of the city Along these streets many old neighborhoods and alleys changed and transformed and in general, the face of the city took on a new shape but not for its architecture of organically arranged neighborhoods.
Rivers as border to the City
1494 Naming City “Rasht” Development beyod the river borders
1906 Rasht Municipality was initiated to order the land and ownership right as its first priority.
Modernity: Development of Hospitals, Factories and oil big tanks
Developing citizen parks and parks near the urban streams.
Major Environmental pollutions of the river – wastes of the hospitals, chemicals of the farmlands, factories.
Rivers as a boating for fishery and for transferring goods.
Figure 1 9
A map of Rasht before the Safavid period. Fishery and transportation in the Zarjoub river Resource: historic photos of the Rasht City blog and Instagram Archive
Between 1906 and the 1930s, the physical growth and development of the city continued further along the newly constructed streets, and buildings and factories were constructed and along these streets and near two rivers. The city expanded in many direction afterward, In the 1970s especially, a significant expansion took place. At this time, new settlements such as transect of Busar, which was later
renamed Golsar, were built in the north of the city, and the agricultural lands located in the northwestern parts of it gradually became residential units. During this period, until now, the city of Rasht was one of the seven or ten largest cities in the country, and the increase in population and immigration in it, became one of the effective factors in its physical growth and development.
Rasht is one of the regions of the country that is known in terms of its increasing population density and residency. Population growth in this city has caused Rasht horizontal expansions in all directions. But this development was not balanced and uniform in all regions. Some neighborhoods received more appropriate welfare services and urban facilities from municipality than others. After decades, these differences have led to the injustice and deprivation in some neighborhoods compared to other areas
. One of the major causes of the increasing population of the city that subsequently puts forward the informal residency as an option is the migration. People who migrate to Rasht can be categorized in the following groups:
• People who migrated from near rural areas: for its established offices, markets, schools, scientific centers, colleges and hospitals,
• People who migrate from more developed cities specifically from the capital state Tehran: it is because of its moderate climatic situation
• People who migrate from less developed cities Because of less hardship in the living quality comparing to other provinces of Iran it has been attractive as a destination for migration from other regions of the country.
• People who has been facing natural disasters or environmental crisis; Rasht specifically in the last 5 years has been a host city for people who have faced natural disaster (post-earthquakes of Kermanshah, post-flood of Golestan, post-air pollution crisis of Khuzestan)
According to a former official in the municipal services of Rasht Municipality, remnant lands in all zone of the city which are near to river or the green areas between the villages around the city are the most preferable for this people.
Figure
Although the municipality in recent years has not been able to manage the ownership and control over housing format on these lands, it provides municipal services to occupants. There are general mutual agreements about the period that occupants to be allowed to stay on the lands they have occupied with a rental condition but they should agree with possible developmental plans that may need their displacement. In other cases in which occupier is claiming a right over the land only when the occupation is more than three decades it could be processed for allocation of a share of that land or another one with a equal value.
The type of marginalization in Rasht is resulted of economical factors and inequality exist in social structure. There are no completely divided and physically marginal areas in Rasht, but more than 25% of citizens are living in an economically marginalized situation which are spatially more visible in the patchy suburb area of the city. Clearly, these households have been driven out of the central part of the city due to economic conditions and rising purchase and rental prices, especially in the last decade, and have been forced to live in these areas.
The public space that I investigate is a strip park along urban stream, so it is located on the riparian lands. It is located also in margin of a residential area which is of the Golsar district which is an uptown district and expensive in terms of residential blocks (although there are low quality buildings there too). In contrast other side of the river is a region on which urban sprawl for low-income class, informal settlements is expanded. The lands on the other side of the river previously were either natural lands or farm lands that became the place for the informality during last seven decades.
The park is nearby to the private schools and offices, there is a graveyard in the site and water organization has a site that is bordered by a wall only these are displayed in the following map. Due to in extant research, the farmlands have prolonged conflicts over land boundaries, and water shares. This is a parameter in the owner tendency to convert the farm land to the residential function given the fact that demand and price apartments or occupation are increasing. The public space act as a filter backing the limit between the most expensive residential area of the city and regions with urban sprawl and informal settlements, and neighborhood with lower income level.
During a day usually: In the mornings elderly people and people who do exercise with park devices or walking or cycling usually are majority of park users. In the noon usually youths and teenage students, after their school, gather in the park. Later in the noon while the users are few, women with children are the main users of the playgrounds possibly because they have found the time for outgoing. In evening all different age groups of people are in the park. Later in the night youths use the ping pong tables and people who have a pet bring them to the park.
This part is focused on the existing risks in the site provided with observations and previous studies of the landscape near to the site.
Risk of bullying
Frequency: rare and normal
There is a small risk of bullying associated with the teams of youth in the park (as few cases are surveyed in the field questionnaire but they are friendly and polite in general).
Risk of Accident between pedestrians and cyclists
Frequency: rare
The pedestrian routs are clearly separated with bicycle routs but people tend to use both for both activities specially teenage cyclist go to the pedestrians’ rout. This risk will be higher for people with vision disability naturally.
Risk of local conflicts
Frequency: rare
Because some park users may park their cars near to the entries of the apartments this risk exists and it is surveyed in the questionnaire as one of the priorities for the site.
Flood Frequency rare
Although it has been few cases of floods in the city in the past. The riparian area is detected as flood prone area in the related studies referring the possibility of one flood event in each century.
Landslide
Frequency: average
Because of gradual meandering of the river and heavy loading on the direct riparian lands the possibility of landslide is considerable.
Risk of disease
Frequency: unclear
This risk is associated with plastic pollution in the site and with the outlets of the sewage networks which are located near to the height level of the park.
• Park Users
S1- Residents of adjacent neighborhood
S2- Residents of other areas of the city
S3- People who come from other cities and visit the park (In holidays especially)
• Occupants of informal settlements & Local Residents
S4- People who have rented a land parcel temporarily
S5- Owners of land parcels with Ownership documents (Buildings or lands in the river’s direct margins)
S6- People with local responsibility about Graveyard area and people who visit the place
S7- Land and property owners nearby (not in the direct riparian limits)
• Authorities and Organizations
S8- Municipality
S9- Voluntary NGO for Garbage Collection
• Visitors and costumers of services that are presented in the informal place.
S10- Costumers of Gardening Service and the Greenery tent
S11- Costumers of street food places
S12- Costumers of Car Garages and Services
S13- Drivers and local taxi service individuals
• Interest refers to interest for contribution to change the situation
• Power refers to power for contribution to change the situation
Figure 1.16
• Interest refers to interest for contribution to change the situation
• Power refers to power for contribution to change the situation
During conversations I had with individuals as a follow up on the questionnaire (please see the attachment), except 4 persons were thinking that risk is equal in the space regarding the COVID. Those four generally pointed that pergolas and areas near to the sewage outlet (that pours to the river) are potentially more risky. Based on their point of view this page’s map represents these points.
At first I observed if the COVID precaution can change the walking behavior of the users and no meaningful difference was detectable so I investigated a nearby bank entry space and there was a change in addition to the wearing masks, people tend to stop and make a distance when someone is going out of the bank and that space. Also people tend to maintain more distance with ATMs which are placed in that salon. Female persons are more cautious about this than male persons I accomplished counting of the people for this observation.
Qom, Tehran and Rasht were the first cities in Iran in which Corona became a pandemic for months hospital system of the city were over burdened by COVID patients and this condition still continues. It has been said that the original reason for this condition in the city was because of the holiday travelers from Tehran and Qom.
Unfortunately many death casualties are enumerated as the statistics of this city. The graveyard in the park was shockingly expanded for new graves during past few months when I studied my case.
Based on the two applied methods for surveying different stakeholder groups, this part is composed for the detecting major issues of the site and then one problem is stated for covering these and for the purpose of planning.
First three problems pointed out by Real state Agencies are:
• Inequality in Land price on the two sides of the river
• Accessibility to the park is not provided easily
• Incapacity of Municipality to manage informality
1. Informal Conversations with
Neighborhood residents, 5 individuals
• Residents of informal settlements on the other side of the river, 8 individuals
• Real State Agencies, 2 individuals
• Park users, 11 individuals
The major problems and priorities for improvement are different depending on each stakeholder group. With an Online survey, these priorities will be questioned again for confirmation.
First three problems pointed out by Park Users:
• Inequality regarding accessibility to the park
• Environmental pollutions
• Furniture renovation
First three problems pointed out by Residents of Neighborhood residential zone:
• Environmental pollution
• Destructed buildings debris
• Informal settlements visual pollution
First three problems pointed out by informal settlers:
• Ownership conflicts with the municipality (In terms of those claiming ownership) or rental fees for those who have rented the land
• Accessibility to the park and being marginal.
• Environmental pollutions
For the questionnaire and the response scores please refer to the appendix section.
As a result of the previous analysis, the current cause of urban sprawl is mainly due to the economical division in the society. Since my case study is a riparian area, I have included stakeholders of both sides of the river as the target group for reaching the problem statement. One side of the river is the expensive residential neighborhood and the other side is mostly the informal settlement zone in which there are also other types of settlement dispersed. This is reflected on how the stream is definable as a division border between the planned area and areas in which uncontrolled urban expansion is taking place.
To respond to the detected problem in terms of inequity in benefiting from the public space that is reflected on a) lacking in proper accessibility to the site b) being prone to the possible floods and land slide danger c) injustice in receiving municipal facilities and ownership rights, this section introduce two level of strategic interventions: policy suggestion level and planning level
New Policies:
1.
2.
Since many individuals in different stakeholders pointed out that they cannot give a feedback to municipality of the city regarding their concerns and problems and municipality is not responsive enough and it is not easily accessible for them, the first suggestion is providing a platform for communication that is focused on each park of the city. It could include different sections concerned by different stakeholders of the area in addition to a commentary section for providing dialogue, and an interactive local Arial image based map;
Reaching to noted concerns and conflicts as below:
Figure 1.19 The graph for major problem
Figure 1.20 Access to the park from a valley Informal
1.21 settlement perspective from the park. photos taken by
Problems based on surveyed priorities
Related Conflict between stakeholders
Description
In accessibility Informal settlers and residents
In being prone to natural risks
In ownership and land right
the residential neighborhood ;
of
The uptown residents generally think that integration with other side of the river areas with more access to the site may lead to reduction of the district quality and value range for the properties. They actually want to maintain the urban quality of space regardless of the accessibility case but it is reflected in their reluctance to let more accessibility to the other side of the stream.
The urban stream of the city has a potential for flood although the last flood event happened several decades before Moreover landslide is a possibility in terms of many informal settlements and the graveyard in the local area
Improving the pedestrian routs quality of the existing bridge. Gathering debris of Deconstructed building off the site entries. Other interventions will be discussed in the design & planning intervention section.
Conflict between some of the informal settlers with trustee of a mosque which is located on the riparian land too
Municipality in most cases has established contract to provide facilities for the informal settlements include, water, gas, electricity . But there are some conflicts between informal settlers because the boundaries of the land they reside in is not clear. This is more apparent between settlers who have annual rental agreement with the municipality and those dispersed official land use owners. For example The Mosque is expanding its property gradually without consent of the settlers. It is to add space for parking lot and it is along with removal of vegetation cover. Or there are settlements that are expanding gradually to the adjacent parcel. Based on the religious context of the landownership they can claim the land boundary (or at least three quarter of the land or a land with equal value in the district)
Considering soil stabilizing via ecological, mechanical and constructional interventions and specifying a limit for heavy activities (for example car services and ground digging for new graves which are currently going on) in direct marginal distance of the river. Considering long term plan for removal of the settlement in danger area to another location near the site but out of the prone zone.
Municipality must provide precise land border map for the area and it should validate the right for claim over transgressions for the informal settlers regardless of the ownership status.
Conflict of interest between people of direct residential blocks and park goers from other locations
Conflict between informal settlers and residents of the residential area .
Concern of all citizens include residents of the residential area, informal settlers
Park goers use end of the valleys as their parking lots and because of noise and sometimes crowd the residents of nearby blocks are not comfortable with this situation.
There are some obsolete lands near the park that they can partly provide the parking lots for the park if they could integrate with park by removing walls. These lands are owned by water infrastructure organization and they are usually used as a store for pipes but this space could be optimized with integration to the park. Municipality should reach to an agreement with these organizations about that. This will be discussed in the design & planning intervention section.
Not having enough capacity as parking specially in holidays Municipality can consider a specific vertical parking near the park
Visual and environmental pollution of the wastes and trashes generated by informal settlers for decades that is a problem of the site and a source of conflict between informal settlers and residents of the residential area and it is part of a major problem concerned about the city.
Municipality should consider some charges for informal settlers polluting the landscape but at first it should provide the team for cleansing this environment of the trashes and plastic remnants. Currently nothing is done for the site in this regard and anything is delayed to after river dredging project in future.
Municipality has no plan to gather the trashes and wastes from the marginal sides of the river. Furthermore, after several years the project of renovation of waste infrastructure still is inactive and waste outlets to the river is still polluting the urban stream and endangering the ecology of the city
Municipality or other governance body should enforce the infrastructure renovation for cutting of outlets to the river as a first step toward ecological restoration of the streams. Municipality should bring trash removal teams immediately and also provide support for few NGOs who are cleansing the riparian lands
To solve the unequal quality of residency in two side of the river the design intervention is to consider a quality access as a bridge to the public space from the other side of the river. This will be additional access to the Busar Bridge which is mainly functioning as an automobile rout to outward autobahns of the city. This will provide the opportunity for more integration within the area and a new context for future developmental improvement for both sides of the river. Here the bride is considered with other planning interventions to improve the quality of space as described in below and in following maps. The purpose is to solve problem of justice in the case of benefiting from the public space and to solve inequity existing in the area. This intervention mainly is for the first fold of the inequity problem mentioned above; the inequity in accessibility. But if this development could be considered along with policy interventions previously explained, it will be covering all three folds of the inequity problem also it will be a progress to solve other area’s problems.
For locating bridge(s) in the site different places have been considered in relation with possible scenarios as following. For each location of the bridge there are possible planning related pros and cons. Please see the map in the next page.
Location 1
It is near to a junction so the entrance will be inviting.
It is a zone in which there is no informal settlements
Location 2
It is a zone in which there is no informal settlements. Pedestrian layout in the public space is proper for this goal.
It is rather in distance to the public space central zones.
It is rather in distance with outlets.
For designing the bridge a modular construction is considered that has boxes for vegetation and possibility for holding pipes that could be used for directing the wastes which are currently flow to the river by open outlets of the old waste infrastructure. In terms of future infrastructural renovation the bridge can be holding a part of the new pipe network.
Location 3
If conflicts could be solved and some of the informal settlement could be removed, the space expanse is proper for designing a parallel green trail or a bicycle rout.
there is a conflict of interest between public and the settlers
Location 4
The construction of the bridge could be along with landslide control measures
It is near to the graveyard with undefined boundaries
Inaccessibility nourish the inequality in the site.
Providing more access to the park from the informal side of the river
More integration with the city, possibly provide the planning efforts for the improvement of urban quality beyond the current limit and support justice in society
Bridges can play significant role in looking to the riparian landscapes as a resource for the city not as a border
Provide a quality space attached to the park by bridges as a waterfront development
Increasing value of the properties for both sides of the river and consequently more opportunities and attractions for settlers and the other stakeholders for cooperative process.
The study of the public park in Rasht, Iran, is of particular interest due to the methods employed and the knowledge it adds to the theory and practise of urban planning. The methods employed in data gathering in the study were impeccable as they were able to elicit needed information from respondents and provide the knowledge needed to answer the questions the study sought to resolve. The use of mapping, interviews and informal conversations were successful in painting a picture of the situation of the study area. As the mapping allowed for spatial analysis and visual representation, the conversations provided an insight into the opinions and reasons that explained the status quo. The methods thus complimented each other.
The problems identified in the study are also of interest as they seem to typify the problems urban area planners and administrators face currently. Building an inclusive city, nurturing social cohesion in urban areas and ensuring the equitable distribution and accessibility
to public spaces and balancing environmental health and human activities. The varying opinions of respondents that revealed the issues that underlined the under usage of the park by the either the wealthier neighbourhood and the urban sprawls. This issue was captured rather keenly by the author and the sensitivity of the data collection instruments employed in the study. The identification of the possibility of a bridge being a crucial factor in increasing access to the park especially for residents across the river and the pros and cons of citing the bridge on four possible locations on the river can also be mentioned to be a great resolution to the problems that have been identified.
The study was a success which could alert policy makers and decision makers to the park and its utilisation in Rasht and serve as a trove of knowledge to used elsewhere in the propagation of equitable utilisation of public spaces.
Written by Paa Kow Acquah
The chosen place is located in Trondheim. Across the bridge Gamle Bybro (the Old City Bridge) from Midtbyen in Trondheim, at Bakklandet.
The place includes the intersection, buildings surrounding it and a parking lot, also containing sidewalks, roads for larger transport, and a bike elevator. Car use here is low. It is prohibited to drive across the Old City Bridge, Nedre Bakklandet is marked as a dead end street with a speed limit of walking speed. It is not allowed to drive through Brubakken, by the bike elevator. Observations show that car traffic is low here, despite the parking lot close to the intersection.
The historical buildings surrounding the place are 2-3 stories high. The ground floor of the buildings are of commercial use. These commercial uses are today coffee shops, bar, restaurants, a kiosk and hairdressers. The shops that serves food have outdoor seating. Some have these seatings all year, while the kiosk only offers outdoor seatings when the weather allows it. There are more
seatings along the street and building bodies. These are public benches and can be used by everyone. There are a few number of trees placed along the sidewalks south and east of the intersection. Trees can also be spotted surrounding buildings east of the parking lot.
There are three playgrounds in the neighborhood. One of them are in the backyard behind Drommedar, and is for public use. The two others are furnished in parks at Bakklandet, and can be seen from the street. One of these park has access to Nidelven, with a constructed beach.
Bakklandet is close to Midtbyen/city centre, which is located across the Old City Bridge. It is a only 8 minutes walk to the main square, where you find a shopping center. It takes you 13 minutes to walk to the university, NTNU Gløshaugen. The area of the site is measured to be 2,154 m2, and the distance between the buildings across the street are between 10 to 14 meters. The streets are only 5 meters at the narrowest, with sidewalks 1-2 meters wide.
Through the fieldwork, there has been used several methods of each stage. As inspiration, Jan Gehl’s methods has been used, with adaption to the place. (Gehl Institute, n.d. a, b) The covid 19 situation and its restrictions were important when choosing how to approach stakeholders - only one stakeholder would be approach at the time. Working individually in the fieldwork has also limited capacity, for instance with how many categorizations that could be made during counting and movement observations.
When addressing issues for the problem statement, I had to reach out to more stakeholders than those I could reach on the street. An online survey were printed out containing a qr code, with questions based on Jan Gehl’s method. There were two surveys, one for neighbors and one for users. Trondheim municipality are planning to build a park where the parking lot is placed today. I reached out to an employee at the urban planning office of Trondheim municipality regarding this new park, and had a meeting with her regarding this. She shared thoughts and research about this project. Shop managers and workers were also interviewed, where they could express their interests and concerns.
Methods used for the situational analysis were observations where the users were counted and categorized, and their behavior and activities were mapped. In addition to this, some of the users were approached through conversation to hear their impressions and thoughts of the place today. Online researching was also used to get an overview of history, risks and conditions of the place, such as climate.
The strategic intervention were suggested and presented to shop managers through conversations in their shop. The project was also presented to the employee from Trondheim municipality, that also gave feedback. In all these approaches, we had a conversation not only of they were positive or not, but what their interests were in this proposal and possible compromises.
The Old City Bridge was built and created more traffic in the area.
Early 17th century: The first buildings at Bakklandet were built. It is located along the river Nidelven, which was an important asset for the locals.
Figure 2.4: Timeline
Attack on Trondheim, some buildings were demolished, but were rebuilt quickly.
The built area started spreading away from the river as well, as the city expanded, and this also became a part of the city region Bakklandet. This is said to be Trondheim’s first suburb area, that is today on the immediate periphery of the city core/center.
The city plan suggested building a highway through Bakklandet to lead the traffic outside the city center. The citizens fought against this for years, and the plan was not followed through.
Throughout history, there have been several fires damaging Trondheim. Many of the buildings in Trondheim are built of wood and with a dense building rate. The consequences of this, when a fire breaks out, it spreads quickly. According to Strinda historielag, there have been 46 fires in Trondheim
2.6:
registered since 1015. Several measures were done after repeatedly incidents of fire. Some of them were a fire plan, wider streets when the buildings have been rebuilt to prevent a fire from spreading, and some of the buildings in Midtbyen were obligated to build the facades in bricks and plaster.
Nedre bakklandet 1: The ground floor has, since it was built, been used for colonial sale. From 1977 until today, there have been other commercial uses on the ground floor, such as a yarn shop, kiosk, art gallery, interior store. A hairdresser uses the ground floor at this address today. (Nedre Bakklandet 1-25, n.d.)
Nedre Bakklandet 2: This building was built late 1800’s, and was owned by Trondheim Municipality, and is one of the oldest buildings at Bakklandet which stands today. It was previously used as a customs office, because of its location at the entrance to the city center. The building is owned by a private company today, and the coffee shop Kaffebrenneriet is renting the locations. They also offer outdoor seatings in addition to the indoor locations. (Nedre Bakklandet 1-25, n.d.)
The historical buildings at Bakklandet makes the area a tourist attraction. This is why it is seen as important to maintain the buildings and historical expressions. Byantikvaren, who decides what should be preserved and to what extend, has marked several of the buildings of this area, and affects the possibility of change. This is shown in the illustration above.
The vertically striped area is illustrating that these areas are to be preserved as they are in the regulation plan. The horizontally striped area illustrates where there should be consideration to local plans. This covers all land areas in the map. The colors describe the antiquarian value of the buildings, where blue states that there is a value, purple states that there is a high value and red states that there is a very high value. The existing buildings and its histories must be considered when making changes.
The climate condition will affect how comfortable people will be outside, and will therefore affect the activities on the place.
Trondheim is located 63 degrees north of the equator, and is therefore noticeably affected by winter- and summer time in terms of hours with daylight. This can be seen in the diagram “Hours of sun”. The darkest day a year, 22nd of December, only has 4.5 hours of daylight, while the brightest day a year, 22nd of June, will have just over 20.5 hours of daylight.
The average temperatures throughout the year shows in the diagram to be between -3 and 13 degrees. These measurements are includes the day and night temperatures.
The main speed of the wind is measured to be between 0 and 10 meters per second locally in Trondheim, with a direction from south west at wintertime and north west during the summer. The wind direction will affect the temperature in Trondheim. The diagram shows the average temperature and amount of rain/snow of each month. The amount of rain or snow is highest at the second half of the year. This, combined with the other climate condition, affects how comfortable it is to stay outside.
These climate conditions are an important factor for the use of the outdoor spaces, and can therefore be taken into consideration when suggesting a strategic intervention for the case area.
Kaffebrenneriet and Drommedar Kaffebar are both coffee shops, which can be assumed to be more busy during lunch hours. This decided on the time of observations, which were from 12.00 to 13.00. The weather forecast was also considered when choosing days, as well as weekdays versus weekends. The observations were done during these times:
As shown in figure 1.2, there were few adults and children at the place on Tuesday and Wednesday. There were noticeably more families on the place on Saturday, when children are not in school and many adults will have time off work. This could be caused by the weather being warmer and sunnier on Thursday than Tuesday and Saturday, as well as the people passing by could be on their way to or from work, school or university. People walked faster on Tuesday than Thursday and Saturday. There were also more cyclists on Tuesday and Thursday than Saturday. Most of the cyclists chose the road. Most of the people walking chose the sidewalk then
cutting a corner, but the road when going straight through the intersection. Many people were walking in pairs, more groups on Thursday and Saturday. There were more people sitting down on Thursday and Saturday. Many moved the chairs outside the coffee shops, both to fit in more people by the table and to adjust the seats to the sun. More people used the benches along the walls over the ones by the street, even though both were in the sun. Only old people stopped and read the newspaper displayed outside 7 Eleven. There were few tourists, which may be affected by the Covid19 situation. Some people stopped and observed the statue placed in the intersection. Several people walking past the place spoke other languages than Norwegian, but did not act like tourists.
Risks were mapped by reading history of the neighborhood and through conversation with stakeholders. The work will focus on two of these risks: businesses shut down and traffic accidents. Trondheim municipality, users and neighbors of the place expressed concerns about the speed of bikes, and were worried and/or annoyed by this. The shops at Bakklandet are competing with other shopping areas in Trondheim, such as the shopping malls. Therefore, Bakklandet must offer something to attract more users. Regarding traffic accident, there are many pedestrians and people riding their bikes sharing the streets, which may cause accidents.
Frequency: Less than one per year Comments: Can affect businesses who are depending on electricity to offer services.
Frequency: Rare
Comments: The shops have alarm systems, and the kiosk has a surveillance camera.
Frequency: Rare Comments: Some buildings along the river are protected with stone walls, while others are raised with wood columns.
Frequency: Unknown Comments: This will be affected by the activity level at the place, and also lead to a further decreased use of the place.
FIRE
Frequency: Rare
Comments: The city has created a plan in case of fire at Bakklandet. The old wood buildings are placed close to each other, and a fire will easily spread out. Several buildings have been restored with a fire wall and some buildings have sprinkler systems. It is depending on the landowners to make preventative measures against a fire.
Frequency: None, but many “almost accidents” Comments: Users that walk and ride their bikes share the same street. With bike riders in high speed, there is a possible risk of traffic accidents.
Frequency: Unknown Comments: Riksantikvaren has regulations on what is possible to do of changes because of the preservation value of the area.
coffee shops, kiosk,
commercial
Neighbors - flat owners
Neighbors - renters
passing by
Speaking with users of the site, they expressed what their thoughts of the place were. Seven people of a diverse range were asked to tell about their thoughts. They all mentioned the historical environment of Bakklandet. They all expressed how they enjoyed walking here because of the atmosphere and little car traffic. Two were concerned about the changes that are being done here.
An example was mentioned by one of the persons (woman, 19). She thinks 7 eleven is ruining the place, because it does not match the historical expressions you see at Bakklandet. She was also worried that Trondheim municipality would cover up the cobblestone and use asphalt at Bakklandet.
Another person (woman, 23) spoke about how she felt when walking through Bakklandet. She would not do it often, but appreciated the atmosphere of the streets. But when walking in the intersection, she wonders about the empty corner where the bike elevator and parking lot is. This corner seemed for her empty and she felt like the place was missing something.
lot)
eleven, Kaffebrenneriet, Dromedar, hairdresser)
- Nedre Bakklandet
Nedre Bakklandet
Øvre Bakklandet
An elderly man (72) spoke about how Nedre Bakklandet used to be a neighborhood with a bad rumor. It was not a nice address, and have changed dramatically since then. He lives close by, and walks here often. The noise from the students is also a problem. Usually, he said, they are nice, but they would drink a lot and make noise especially around the start of the semester.
After speaking with users of the place, I spoke with Trondheim municipality where I asked about the place and what the users had addressed. Trondheim municipality spoke about plans for the parking lot, which were decided in May. The plan is to create a park here. Trondheim municipality also said that they do not have any plans of covering up the cobblestone. However, this is something they do annually for a roller skiing race.
Shop workers were also approached. It was said that the place is usually busy, especially when the weather is nice. They all felt safe at work and in the area.
A range of neighbors and users were offered to participate by filling out an online survey shown in appendix II and III, to map their impression, use and thoughts for development for the place and neighborhood. By looking at the collection of data from users and neighbors presented in figure 1.5 and 1.6, it can be argued that there is a age diversity of participants. Most of the neighbors own their homes. This
can be representative for the neighborhood or the home owners may have stronger interests and therefore more willing to answer the questions. It is interesting how many of the participants visit the place often. However, the majority of users answers that they will stay on the place for less than 10 minutes.
How often are you here?
13 females 8 males
Number of participants: 21 13 females 21 males
a) Every day b) Every week c) Every month d) Rarely
Longest transportation method
a) By foot
b) Bus
Bike
Ages:
For how long are you planning on staying at this place?
a) 10 - 20 minutes
Less than 10 minutes
20, 22, 22, 23, 24, 25, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 28, 29, 30, 31, 49, 52, 52, 54, 55
Figure 2.13: Results of question sheets users
Number of participants: 34
How long have you lived here?
a) I am a local b) More than 5 years c) 0 - 1 year
d) 1 - 3 years
e) 3 - 5 years
How often do you visit the place?
a) Every day b) Every week
Ages:
Do you rent or own your home?
a) Own b) Rent
19, 20, 20, 20, 21, 21, 26, 26, 26, 27, 28, 28, 30, 34, 34, 36, 37, 48, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 63, 63, 63, 67, 68, 68, 73, 74, 77, 80
Figure 2.14: Results of question sheets neighbors
Many of the neighbors participating in the survey has lived in Trondheim and at Bakklandet for more than five years. Based on the answers to the same question given to users and neighbors the neighbors address different issues than the users. The impression of the place is in general more negative words, along with positive as well.
Interesting findings are that users have a better impression of the place than neighbors. The neighbors’ feedback when expressing their impression in words have more negative words than users.
Females
To address the issues for the problem statement, the focus was to reach out to stakeholders of different interests. The users and neighbors were contacted by question sheets, as shown, whereas the interaction with shops and Trondheim municipality were through meetings. The reason for choosing this approach were that these stakeholders were easier to reach, and by having meetings and conversations, follow up conversations could be asked.
Trondheim Municipality
Conversations with employees at shops stated that the place is busy, especially during the summer. When it is warm, all the seats of the shops and public benches will be in use. None of the asked workers have felt unsafe here.
However, several of them mentioned the issue of traffic safety. Even though there has not been any accidents by now, there have been several “almost-accidents”.
It was decided in May 2020 that the site of the parking lot will become a park. This summer, a statue was placed at this corner, and will be kept in the new park. I approached employees in Trondheim municipality who are working with these plans, to get a conversation, hear their perspective and thoughts around what will happen here.
The employee at Trondheim municipality spoke about the issue regarding bike traffic and walking patterns. This issue has also been addressed by different users and neighbors. Other actors in Trondheim municipality, who work with infrastructure, will be focusing on the quality of bike roads, while the area planners have a different concern with the walking users and use of the public space. The park is not designed into details yet, it is still early in the process. However, some demands are decided, such as handicap parking, a station for city bikes and that the design should work well with the visual and historical expression of Bakklandet.
“I think this is one of the safest areas in Trondheim”
The cyclists’ speed is a big issue
We are considering an alternative rout for cyclists
This location will have a city bike station
To get a better understanding of how the new park may be used, it is interesting to compare this park with other parks in Trondheim to see the similarities, observing the use and mapping the qualities. It is important to have in mind that the parks can not be seen directly as one or several of these,
but will be relevant when proposing a strategic intervention to prevent the park’s use to have low activity level. Similar to the parks are the activity level, which is low when the weather conditions makes it uncomfortable to stay outside, with no shelter for rain or snow.
Students are passing by on their way to university.
All the users that were observed only passed by the park. Students use the park when it’s warm (asked students who have lived here for more than 3 years). Usually in the center of different paths. Student activities are held here.
The park is also located at Bakklandet, in a hill. It is aimed to be used by children, which Trondheim Municipality aims many public spaces in the city to be.
It was low activities during observations, but there were a few families with children that used the play facilities.
Close to university, “garden of the campus”. The park consist mostly of grass, but is also decorated with flowers, bushes and trees along paths through the park.
Located at Bakklandet, close to the intersection. It is also similar in size to what the new park would be.
Few people use this space during observations. The activity level is dependent on weather conditions, especially the use of the beach.
The park is furnished with a playground and benches. There is a fence surrounding the park, which make the park seem private.
The park includes a playground and a beach area in addition to benches and few trees.
The issues addressed are shown the large circles in figure 1.9. The smaller circles explains causes or factors connected to this issue, and the lines are showing the interactions. The most affected stakeholders are shown outside the circles.
The most clear issue stated by all the contacted actors, were the conflict between users that are walking and traveling by bike. A “chaotic” traffic pattern seems to frustrate and confuse both types of users. This issue were addressed by Trondheim municipality, users and neighbors.
The activity level on the place is strongly weather dependent. During observations, the temperature and weather conditions had a clear relation to the time users spent at the place. Through the question sheets, it could be noticed that most users would spend less than 10 minutes at the place.
The plan of building a new park has not been designed yet. However, most users and neighbors asked gave positive feedback to these plans, and a few were concerned about where they could park.
Many shoppers are attracted to visit shopping malls instead of shops located in the city’s streets. This will affect the shops located at Bakklandet, leading to fewer consumers and a risk of a poor profit. As discovered through observations and the problem statement, many of the users are passing by, and do not spend much time at the place.
There is a conflict between people walking and riding their bikes. This was addressed through the problem statement, and has created frustration among users and neighbors as well as concerns in Trondheim municipality. There is a clear issue in the traffic pattern, with lack of consistency, weak contrasts, and furnished sidewalks, as shown in the photos.
The same stones
It is difficult to see where to cross
A A
The conflict
Users of the street (street ~5m wide)
What the majority of stakeholders say cause the issue
What this fieldwork address as cause of the issue
Figure 1. 22: Cause of issues
The strategic intervention is based on studies of what this fieldwork address as the cause of the issues. The outdoor seating on the sidewalks forces the pedestrian to use the street, where the cyclists are. The traffic pattern is inconsistent and does not give the users an understandable overview of their zones.
The first step is therefore to add higher contrasts in the traffic pattern, with stronger white crossovers and signs printed on the ground for cyclists.
The second step will be to move the users that push the pedestrians out in the street. The new park, which is being planned at the time of this fieldwork,
Flexible use of the park to adapt to the seasons, with outdoor seatings for coffee shop costumers
The park and its activities can attract more users all year
can include outdoor seatings, similar to a food court. This is of a short distance from the coffee shops, and can therefore replace most of the outdoor seatings on the sidewalk. The coffee shop managers wishes to keep outdoor seatings. As a compromise, they can have seatings fastened to the building body.
The third step will be to upgrade roads and sidewalks. The municipality has stated that the narrow streets can allow the sidewalks to be expanded with a total of 0.5 meter. Today, there are parts of the sidewalks that are on the same level as the street. By adding a level difference here, a barrier will be created, which can make the pedestrians more aware before walking into the streets.
Less outdoor seatings on the sidewalks
Neighbors are positive about a new park and some wishes for pavilion and more seatings
Shops can get fewer costumers
Higher contrasts
Wider sidewalks can allow fastened seatings outside coffee shops
Figure 1.24: Describing positive and negative effects and solutions
Level difference between sidewalk and street, and 0.5m expanded sidewalk
Stronger color contrasts in traffic pattern
Trondheim municipality: This will be expensive, but can be considered
Colors use will not be allowed because of historical reasons
The white crossing paths can be colored in a brighter white, and white printings on bike road can be added
SUMMER: The traffic pattern gets a higher contrast, where pedestrians and bike users have clear zones. The wide stones in the street are also used in the intersection, to increase the bike road and make other traffic users be aware of their position. The park contains seatings on the same level as the sidewalk, to make it available for all users, despite disability issues. The pavilion in the park can be used for concerts or other events, as well as being decorative and creating volume. Handicap parking and city bike station can be placed where there are shadows, with an entrance from the south west side of the park. Signs can be used by this entrance.
WINTER: This shows an example of use for the winter season. Outdoor seatings can get a heating source, but fewer seatings will be assumed to be necessary due to the cold weather. The park can have stands where local shops and workshops can create Christmas markets, and the pavilion can be used for music performances. The pavilion can also contain lights for a nice atmosphere when it is dark.
Coffee shop manager:
Step 1: Positive
Step 2: Negative
Wants to keep all the outdoor seating, and wants the bike activity to stay the same because they are also potential costumers
Trondheim municipality:
Step 1: Positive , but not with colors
Step 2: Sceptic to removing sidewalk seatings
Step 3: Postive , but will be expensive
Shop manager:
Step 1: Positive
Step 2: Sceptic/ Positive Wants to keep the outdoor seating because of the street activity, but wants the bike activity to slow down
Temporary coffee shop manager:
Step 1: Positive
Step 2: Positive
The costumers may be confused about the seatings
Neighbour’s thoughts on park activities
Neighbours were asked in the question sheets about their thoughts around offers of the new park. Many answered that they wished for more places to sit, as well as bins. Playground were also answered, but have not been considered in this proposal, as other parks nearby offer this already and is an offer for mainly children. Some thought the parking lot should be included. Only handicap parking is thought to be in the new proposal due to a demand from politicians.
Want bikers to “feel uncomfortable” and choose an alternative route, despite their plans of having a city bike station by the intersection. The Trafo by the new park can not be moved. Too many functions are wanted in a small area. This is not realistic, so they say prioritizings must be done.
Byantikvaren:
Step 1: Negative to colors
Coffee shop worker (for 5 years):
Step 1: Positive Step 2: Positive
The traffic is an issue, and they have good space of indoor seating. Many use the outdoor seating today without being costumers
In the question sheet, many of the neighbor expressed their frustration regarding bike traffic. Some of the answers also suggested to ban bike use at Bakklandet.
It is quite clear that the study done on case 2 was very thorough due to the close contact with the stakeholders. The participant had discussed her problem statement as well as the strategic interventions with the stakeholders which gave her detailed and important data to reach a great outcome. This process made the whole project more ‘candid’ and clearcut. A lot of local users were surveyed too, which gave a better impression of what the people actually think of the place and what do they actually want.
There was a comparison and study of other parks as well, which is a good approach in any urban projects to understand the quality of the current scenario and any future implementations. Furthermore, a positive and negative effects and solutions diagram was done to reach an intervention, which was simple and easy to catch on to. And lastly, the intervention was discussed with the coffee shop owners to see their reaction for it, and through this method, it is much easier to verify how much of a change will the users be comfortable with.
Written by Rosemina Azad
The Kasoa Old Market Station lies in the Central Business District and also is a nodal location with the city of Kasoa. It is a station where commercial vehicles (taxi cabs and mini buses) converge to carry passengers to and from their locations. In 2017, the government built and handed over the current facility to the Awutu Senya East Municipal Assembly (local government). The local government has also contracted a facility management firm to be responsible for the daily running of the facility. The facility management firm takes a proportion of revenue realised in the facility in the form of daily tolls and in the case of the toilets, user fees. The firm is responsible for the disposal of solid from the station whereas the hawkers sweep the station daily with logistics provided by the firm.
• Observations
• Counts
• Interviews generally based on Jan Gehl’s framework.
• Informal conversations
The urban space was observed to see how the space was generally organized and how people utilized the park especially for purposes other than public transportation. Counting was also done to quantify the number of people who used the facility and also to know the quantity of people who patronised which sites within the facility. Interviews were also carried with the various stakeholders except representatives of the local assembly who did not provide such an opportunity. Informal conversations were also carried out through out the course of the study to give a sense of the how things were and which areas will be off interest to the study.
Generally, activities in the park was unsurprisingly bothered on boarding vehicles. A large number of entrants (over 95%) into the facility end up in bus or taxi. However, people do not seem to disembark from vehicles that much. This is because most passengers alight in the bus stops close to the park. In fact, passengers who enter the facility aboard commercial vehicles are mostly switching to board another vehicle to a different location.
A marginal percentage of people entered the premises as thoroughfare and to patronize services other than transport related. The majority of patrons thus congregate in and around the shed. The area least frequented within the facility is the offices block.
The challenges patrons and users of the station experienced were analysed per stakeholder. Drivers, hawkers and renters, and facility managers.
• They complained that the space in the park was not enough causing congestion and delay in entry and exit in the station.
• Toilet facilities in the park was also not enough and was rather concentrated in one corner of the station.
• The driver unions in the park also complained about the lack of office space to for their use in the station.
• Littering was rather rampant due to the inadequacy of waste bins that have been strategically placed at vantage points within the station.
• The wares of the food vendors in the station was not secure resulting inn frequent theft of property at night.
• The revenue realised in the park was dwindling partly because the economic downturn associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
• The food vendors in the station also lacked a permanent structure and have to resort to kiosks which cannot secure their wares neither appeal aesthetically.
• When sweeping, hawkers reported that they encountered bottles filled with urine. They asserted that this could be as a result of the inadequacy of toilet facilities in the station which made people urinate in these bottles to avoid the characteristic queue of the toilet facilities.
The stakeholders within the lorry station complained about a number of issues. A critical analysis of the issues elaborated reveals that there is little cooperation between people of authority in the station and the stakeholders.
The best intervention for me will be to find a way to devolve the power from one single entity and share it equally among the stakeholders in such a way that all every category of stakeholder will have an equal level of say in the affairs of the station.
Such a platform of cooperation should be institutionalised so that they consultation and consensus building would not be based upon the discretion of the powerful but rather a perquisite for any decision and (in)action to be binding.
The said body or committee should be the statutory and should consist of representatives of all category of stakeholders in the station. The number of representatives should be proportionate to the
number of the stakeholders. In that way, one group would not be over or under represented in the body.
Representatives from the various groups should be democratically elected to champion their interest in the committee.
Stakeholders who should be made part of the committee are the local government, facility managers drivers, renters, hawkers, passengers, residents, etc.
To the specifics of the of the interventions on issues asserted:
• An additional toilet can be built in the NorthWestern part of the facility where land is available.
• The local government should prefund the toilet facility and the facility can pay for itself overtime with the revenue gained in the form of user fees. Private entities can be also be contracted to invest in the facility on built, operate, transfer basis.
• The local government should also build a fit for purpose stalls to be used as food vending stations instead of the current kiosks which pose health and security risks.
Pak Kow’s case study is very problem of overcrowded transport spots in urban planning in my opinion. His observations are very direct without any peripheral objectives, strong in conveying the causes of the chaos in the target space. As an architect, I wish he could present more spatially explicit intervention strategies but I can perceive that a geographer relates more with policies to facilitate amelioration of conflicting situations between stakeholders rather than perspectives about site settings. He has suggested avenues for funding infrastructural projects.
His suggestion about distribution in the system management to the stakeholders with a possible platform in which the communication and problem solving is what was applicable in my case study too. Several problems are just because of not having the connection and conversation with the authorities that can intervene. His other suggestion weighting a democratic and participatory process with partaking representatives of all groups is somehow idealized in the underdeveloped or developing nations yet in my opinion but it is not impossible. This would be a conduit through which various actions and interventions are undertaken and mistakes rectified in the long-term. Participatory governance is the only means through which governance can be sustained over time and stakeholders made relevant and included in the governance system.
Written by Asad Delsouzkhaki
The site is the Gulshan 1 DNCC market, situated in Dhaka. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has a size of 306.4 km2 (Dhaka n.d.), with a vast population of 21 million (Dhaka Population 2020 n.d.). Gulshan is a zone in Dhaka, which is considered as one of the elite areas, as it has a high land value and most residents are higher middle class or upper class (Posh areas in Dhaka n.d.).
Gulshan is considered as the centre of Dhaka because of its various cafes, restaurants, offices and headquarters. The location being in the middle of Dhaka, acts as a transition point for commute, hence it is mostly congested with traffic (Ali 2011). Gulshan is divided into 5 zones, Gulshan 1, Gulshan 2, Banani, Baridhara Diplomatic Zone and Mohakhali.
Dhaka is located just north of the Buriganga River and is one of the largest metropolises in South Asia. There are several ‘myths’ about its origin of name, one being it was named after the temple Dhakeshwari; another being it was named after a famous tree called Dhak and the last being it was named after a Hindu Puja instrument called Dhak (History of Dhaka n.d.).
History of Dhaka can be traced back to the 7th century CE, where it was first ruled by the Buddhist rulers. Over time, the control was passed on to Hindu rulers, then to Mughal Rulers and in 1947, Dhaka became an independent capital of East Pakistan (History 2017). Finally, in 1971, Pakistan was divided, and Dhaka became the capital of the new state, Bangladesh.
*The methods mentioned in figure 4..4 could have been more diversified and additional methods could have been implemented for this site and study, but due to the pandemic and since the project needs to be completed by one person, the whole situation was quite limiting to one person’s capacity. Furthermore, it was difficult to conduct fruitful conversations with most vendors due to the pandemic, needing to socially distance and because an invisible barrier was caused due to the masks. The methods used were the ones that can be easily done by a single person and done during a pandemic.
Fig 4.7 shows images of Gulshan area from the 60s to the current state. The last four images depict how the masterplan of the market and its sorroundings have altered over time. The biggest change is seen on the roofs, which shows the significant mark the fires have left on the building. Image sources: pinterest, 400 years of Dhaka(facebook page), Google maps arial view.
slum. It is the biggest slum in Dhaka with 100 acres of land, and a population of over 50,000 residents.
Residential block. This area contains apartments to personal homes. Heights of buildings vary from 1 storey to 15 stories.
Commercial block. The strip of land that faces the main road are all commercial buildings. There are banks, restaurants, markets, offices, post office, mosques and electric company.
Gulshan Lake. Water buses are used in the lake as a commute system. During any fire, water is taken from the lake.
Bangladesh has a pre-dominant south west directional wind, hence wind does not reach choosen zone of study, which might make the area stu
the other hand,
direction is facing away from the zone due to this, so the cor ridors will not get wet
Analysis and study was done on these zones to find issues or problematic scenarios in the area or the market, that can be addressed to create a better situation.
According to the rules of urban planning, stairs should attract people to be sat on; but this big, open to sky staircase in figure 4.16 is barren, thus, it was chosen as the study area.
Eventually, to increase the scope of work, the adjacent corridor on the first floor was added as well.
Figure 4.19: Stakeholder Mapping
Data collected through online surveys of shoppers. A list of questions were provided for regular shoppers and users of the market to fill out. Appendix VI shows the questionnaire and figure 4.20 shows the most common and deductive conclusions from this survey.
Data collected through observations, interviews and conversations with the vendors and market association are depicted on figures 4.21 and 4.22. They represent the basic information along with the most common and deductive findings of the data. Appendixes IV and V show the questions and interviews conducted with the vendors and the association.
Figure 4.21: Counts in the market
After carefully analysing all the date collected through studies, observations and communications mentioned in figures 4.20 - 4.22, a SWOT diagram was generated.
The analysis shows that the market has a great opportunity to flourish as it is a well working market right now. There are some major existing problems, which needs addressing as soon as possible, and solving those issues could possibly turn it into a better market scenario.
Methods of observation, Jan Gehl’s stationary and movement counts (Ghel Tools n.d.), interviews, surveys and the online data collection were used to learn about the site and to come up with results that could be addressed to improve the situation of the current market scenario.
After collecting a wide range of information, all the problems were written down and were interconnected to find how many problems could be related to another.
For example, noise in the market can be derived from parking of the market and from the traffic in front. Parking can be linked with poor management and poor management with cleanliness, and so on.
This flow of inter-connected issues was then analysed to find the issues which could be connected with most other problems, so that solving one issue could potentially solve the rest.
Figure 4.24 depicts this process below.
Tra
Poor
Cleanli
Dirty
Figure
wind
After doing the connection map of issues, eviction, fire, collapse, poor management and narrow corridor were found as the main problems, as they can be linked to several other issues. Meaning, if one of these problems are addressed, several smaller problems can easily be addressed as well and links to smaller problems will be found also, which could be tackled too.
Thus, a risk assessment was performed of these 5 problems, to find out which of these are of the highest risks and need to be dealt with the earliest. Figure 4.26 shows the risk assessment performed. The assessment was done by taking
into consideration of the data that had been collected so far.
Of these 5, the issue of collapse would be the most highrisk, because a structural failure can be instant. Cracks on the columns were seen back in 2017 and was deemed risky by engineers; the government even put up signs to warn everyone, but the traders took them off (Ullah 2017) . Even though the risk of fire is high as well, but fires aren’t as quick as a collapse, furthermore, the traders in the building have equipped themselves to ward off any more fires, but the traders are totally nonchalant towards the eminent risk of a structural failure.
Hence, the issue of collapse seemed fit to be addressed in the problem statement.
This issue was further discussed with the stakeholders of the market to understand whether it was actually an immediate issue that needed to be resolved. The vendors agreed that solving the structure issue should ideally solve most other
problems, as then, vertical extensions could be done and no new construction would be needed. But this solution is purely hypothetical, as in real life, this would never happen.
The initial thought was to fix the cracks, but to find a proper remedy for the collapse issue, it needed to be first analysed to identify every possible solution, and later adhere to which would be the most logical. To do this, the problem was looked at from a micro and a macro level and followed the solution each had to offer.
From a smaller perspective of the problem, additional reinforcement in the columns would do the job of stability and possible vertical extensions. But the issue with reinforcing the columns is that extra steel bars, concrete and jacketing would inherently make the perimeter of the columns bigger, and the more vertical extensions are desired, the thicker the columns would get (Methods of Strengthening Concrete Columns n.d.). Due to this, several other issues arise, such as, each shop will have less usable area or less space per square feet; corridor space gets narrower; as the columns are placed on the edge of the balcony, some of the reinforcement would fall on open space with no load to bear; and finally, reinforcing is a temporary solution.
Figure 4.27: Micro Intervention
As mentioned before, the market has an on-going proposal for a market cum office complex, and the new market can be designed to have proper structure so that there is no issue of collapse in the future. The problem with this proposal is that the market and DNCC has been allocated only 37% (Mahmud 2017) of property, whereas the rest has been sold to the tender company, and the company does not plan on renting to the current traders, hence many of the vendors will not get place in the market and would lose jobs.
Figure 4.28: Macro Intervention
If the micro and macro solutions are looked at, using the micro method imposes further issues. Solving one issue creates three more issues but solving one issue should have solved three more issues. Furthermore, the fact that reinforcing the structure is a temporary solution to such a permanent issue, is a vague solution to the danger of collapse.
During the problem statement identification, all problems had been marked, both small and big. If the entire market were redesigned as per the macro solution, most of these issues could be addressed at one go. As the market has been running for decades, it is evident which zones work better than the others, hence those elements could also be retained, to keep the essence of the market. The two issues that comes with the redesign, are steps that needs to be covered to get the
perfect solution, they should not be considered as additional problems arising like it did in the micro situation.
Hence, the redesign of the market seems like the most logical way to go, and strategic interventions could be applied to 1. Retaining most vendors and 2. Allocating space to the vendors during construction period. Below the possible interventions are discussed.
As per the agreement, DCC sold most of its share to Metro Group, the tender company, giving the company 63% of the saleable space in the new complex, whereas DNCC and the shop owners will get the rest (Mahmud 2017). Metro Group plans on reselling most of the shops and rent the others to commercial shops with higher brand value and profit. According to the land value in the area, each sqft would be
sold for 25,000 – 30,000 bdt (Plots and Lands for Sale in Gulshan n.d.), which the current renters cannot afford to buy in the new complex.
Apart from that, the on-going market design proposal has other flaws as well.
According to the landuse map of Gulshan Model Town, the site of the market is deemed as commercial, but the parking in front is to be left as an open space (Project Map: Gulshan Residential Model Town n.d.). DNCC and Metro Group have decided to turn the surface parking into the building mass as well (Ali 2008), which is clearly against the land use map. Figure 4.29 shows the landuse map.
Furthermore, the building is planned to be 20 stories high (Ali 2008), but according to the Civil Aviation Authority Bangladesh, the area can not have any building with a height of over 150’ (Obstacle Limitation Surface (OSL), Dhaka Airport Height Restriction Zone n.d.) Hence, in addition to the landuse clearance, the design violates the height restriction as well. Figure 4.29 shows the height limits.
Figure 4.31: Why renters should be kept
According to environmentalist Prof Muzaffer, no consultation of the vendors or neighbourhoods were taken before finalizing the plan, which is important in such an impactful project (Ali 2008).
Architect Mubashher Hossain says turning these plots into high rise commercial buildings will turn it into a private property and will no longer be a public one (Ali 2008).
Thus, the intervention for retaining most vendors will be a POLICY to Redesign the market guaranteeing space for existing renters and maintaining participation from most stakeholders, whilst complying to all legal obligations. The benefits of keeping the renters have been mentioned in figure 4.31, and 3 modules of a market layout is presented in figure 432. Participatory methods amongst important stakeholders are depicted in figure 4.33 and the rules needed to be abided are mentioned in figure 4.34.
Tenan mix has always been a good way to attract various customers, where each shops helps another shop gain customers by selling prodcuts that compliment each other (The right way to do a tenant mix analysis in retail property or shopping center n.d.).
Shop window displays are a great way to attract customers. This feature lacks in the current market, and the 'corridor cluttering' occurs because of this. Giving proper window displays will enable the customers to view and buy the products. Apart from these, displaying advertisements and giving promotions will attract more customers. But most importantly, the new building itself will attract more customers itself (Callender & Chiara 1980, p 730).
Figure
Figure
Shop owners and DCC will get compensation during construction period, thus if the renters are retained, a space will be needed for them to continue their business during construction period.
During the fire in 2017, part of the building had collapsed, and a makeshift market had to be made so that the vendors could continue their livelihoods. In the fire in 2019, the kitchen market was destroyed, and the makeshift market was reconstructed. This theme of makeshift market, that the vendors have used twice already as a method of resilience, could be used for the temporary solution of the vendors. This temporary makeshift market could be constructed on the open parking lot at the front of the market, and that could be used as a temporary allocated space during the construction period.
Brick, bamboos and wood were used in the construction as a method of making it cheaper, easily accessible and quicker to build.
After the first fire in 2017, temporary bamboo-brick structures were made to allocate 82 shops in the parking lot, but those worked out so well, that those structures are still there and are used by people just as before.
Hence, the intervention for allocating space to the vendors during construction period will be a DESIGN INTERVENTION, which is: temporary makeshift markets on the existing parking lot. The resilience plan that the vendors have used twice already, will be implemented here.
*Parking Lot: as there will be makeshift market on the site of parking, hence the parking can be moved to the RAJUK Commercial Complex Cum Car Parking, which is right across the street. This building consists of 9 floors of parking with each floor being 12942sqm
(RAJUK Commercial Complex n.d.). Figure 4.37 shows the proximity of the market and the car parking.
The project scope began with how the stairs were used, then the corridor activity were added, and finally the intervention led to the reconstruction of the entire market. It was amusing to see how analysing a small part of a project can lead to such huge and diverse solutions; moreover these solutions does not only benefit the starting idea, rather benefits the entire market scenario.
Figure 4.37: Map showing market and car parking
The fieldwork of case 4 has done thorough observations by observing the number of users and their behaviour. The work can be perceived as following logical steps, as it follows a structure, where the steps are reflecting on findings of the previous stage. Stakeholders such as shop owners has been involved in the process, to give the student a better insight of their opinions and concerns. This has addressed issues, and the cause of the issues. The cause has been used when developing a strategic intervention, with influence of the shop owner’s interests. The work includes a SWOT-analysis. The content of this follows the findings of previous stages. One of the weaknesses, the structure, is studied as a micro strategic
intervention, where the consequences are addressed. An alternative intervention, presented as a macro strategic intervention by redesigning the market, is presented after this, as well as the consequences of this action. The consequence analysis is presented as an argument of which intervention will acting of minimizing the issues. This argumentation creates a transparent strategy, which creates credibility of the work. It also makes it possible to discuss the steps of the process, which can be useful if changes would be done.
Written by Ingvild HøgsethThe main objective of the project was to study, analyze, deduce problems and propose necessary solutions for individual sites, and the participants of the paper have successfully accomplished it. Each member of the group had embarked on a ‘solo’ journey that was complimented by the group members’ perseverance and the mentors’ help.
Due to the pandemic, the semester was conducted online, and each student had to do their own case study in their hometowns. The sites were situated in Bangladesh, Ghana, Iran and Norway. Each of these four nations had distinct features of its own, where most team members were from different practices. Each member had to select an urban site to study to critically analyze and find viable problems present in it. The problems were found through various methods that were taught over the digital semester, such as risk assessments, resilience study, stakeholder mapping and so on. Each approach was unique to each site as seen in the report.
After finding the problems of the sites, each student had to propose an intervention that would address those problems. The interventions were also varying to each case, where one proposed policy-based interventions, one spatial intervention, and one, a mix of both; each solution clearly shows the diverse cultural and educational background of the participants of the team. The team then combined their knowledge, studies and projects together to form a holistic output that portrayed their project as one.
The entire process of communication between the members, as well as with the mentors, were online based, and not to mention, the entire projects had to be done amidst a global pandemic. There were times of distress due to the different time zones and internet instability, but the outcome achieved is quite commendable.
This digital semester was one that none had wished for, but at the end, it had taught the students how to deal with ordeals alone in the field and how to be diligent as a planner.
The methods used are varying for the four case areas. However, the methods used in early stages of the fieldwork shows similarities, as all the cases did counting and observations of behaviour and activities.
The Covid 19 pandemic has caused restrictions, which are varying of the different case areas. All four students had to adjust their work to these restrictions, which each case has described how they were affected by this. However, this has been restricted to people met on the street or in shops, while the majority of stakeholders inputs has been though online contact. Online questionnaires have been used in case 1, 2 and 4, which is a result of how to reach many stakeholders while avoiding physical contact. The covid situation can be argued to have both restriction and positive impacts of the work. While Covid has excluded methods such as workshops, we have had to be more creative in the fieldwork.
Each fieldwork were done by one students, which could lead to limitations of observations, dependant on the number of users. In case 2 and 4, the number of users were high, which limits the possible categories when counting.
Collections of data needed for the project have still been used in case 2, 3 and 4. These fieldworks have used Jan Gehl (Gehl Institute, n.d. a, b) as a base for our approaches. His methods on mapping activities and questionnaires have been used, with adaptations to the sites. These adaptions are related to the need of each case. As they vary in type of public place, they have different focuses and aims of discoveries.
The four cases being so different and vibrant, that to find a combined reflection on them was a delicate job; but regardless of that, perspectives on the sites was able to be derived to come to a fruitful reflection.
To find the existing issues on the site, all four of the participants had successfully communicated with various stakeholders to get a conclusive result and study of the sites. Physical communication was done by all 4 members, while online communication and surveys were done by students of case 1,2, and 4. There was a lack of proper governance that could be observed from sites 1, 3 and 4, whereas site 2 had good governance from the beginning. Case 1 and 4 faced some ownership issues, regarding land use and shops use, while case 2 and 3 faced issues related to traffic in their projects due to congestion and indifference of vehicular paths. Apart from that, the sites in Kasoa and Dhaka had mentioned a lot of smaller problems with their projects, such as Kasoa faced issues with lack of space, lack of toilets, decreased revenue and many others, and Dhaka had with narrow corridors, cleanliness, cracks and many others. On the other hand, Rasht and Trondheim had much fewer problems such as Rasht had pollution and building debris and Trondheim with weather and lack of usage.
After carefully analysing the existing problems, the students found their individual problem to work with. Site in Rasht had an issue with inequality, Trondheim had an issue with traffic pattern, Kasoa with communication between important stakeholders and Dhaka with structural problems. These four immense differences were also addressed and solved by four dynamic methods, which will be addressed in the reflection on interventions.
This draft is compiled about four different case studies with absolutely different scenarios and contexts by students with different precedence. It has been attempted to maintain the general framework of participatory planning, policy introduction, and design. The first case is along with a perspective toward the environmental problems at a landscape scale because Asad has a background in landscape and environmental studies. Ingvild and Rosmina are architects so they have strong suggestions on details, materiality, and facility design. Paa Kow is an urban geographer so here its spatial policy suggestions are the elaboration of the socio-economical context.
Asad’s case has mainly dealt with the problem of injustice having these assumptions that one of the urban injustice folds is inaccessibility. For the target case study, he puts forth the objective of integration beyond a river that is historically perceived as a border of the city to improve the poorly distributed urban resources for all citizens. This will be a progress toward better decision making and planning for those who resided in suburban and informal situations while paving the way for having quality spaces as waterfronts.
Ingvild’s work is different in terms of the scale; her work is paying attention and resolves the current under skin conflicts between different stakeholders that are caused by the poor design details of the case study. Her work is to reveal the potentials for a convivial urban street by delicate changes suggested about pedestrian rout renovation and the choice of the materiality for better distinction and more
functionality of the nearby park in wet seasons of the year with a possible shelter. These strategies possibly provide a more profitable environment for local shop owners, and would resolve the traffic and accident chances of occurrence in the context of historical values preservation;
Paa Kow has spotted the problems of an overcrowded space depicting very problems which are basically resulted in policy level gaps. His provided solutions for the case study he has investigated, are applicable in many terminal-like spaces, specifically in developing or underdeveloped cities in which there are feelings of confusion and lack of proper direction and related lack of distinctive division of the space. He has addressed the managerial aspect of the case study by considering new policies and he has suggested increasing the infrastructural capacity with mostly portable technologies for example temporary stalls and movable toilet units. These solutions support the potentials for future developments.
Rosmina’s work is highly dependent on her engineering perspective on possible solutions. The procedure that she consider for prioritizing her strategic intervention about a local market building is highly benefited from her outlook on structural necessities and predicting on the analysis of possible usage for alternative design scenarios in her work. She has provided a modular setting as a physical/spatial ground for the improvement of market relations within the new building.
-Deputy of Urban Planning and Architecture of The Rasht City,2020 Human Geography. URL http://shahrsazi.rasht.ir/Index. aspx?page_=form&lang=1&sub=15&tempname=momemari&PageID=6944
- Pandi K. 2008, Rasht in the Mirror of History, first edition. Gisoum, Rasht.
- The Islamic Council of the Rasht City, 2016, The History and Geography of the Rasht. URL http://rashtshora.ir/pageMainShora/fa/34/form/pId4691
- Gilan Meteorological Organization. The data surveillance station archive for the climate. URL< https://data.irimo.ir/>
- Ridderström, G. (n.d.) FysiskplanleggingiNorge-etkomplekstsystem . https://www.michaeljournal.no/i/2018/05/Fysiskplanlegging-i-Norge-et-komplekst-system
Case 2
- Trondheim kommune (2019) ByutviklingsstrategiforTrondheim-strategiforareal-ogtransportutviklingframmot2015. https://www.trondheim.kommune.no/byutviklingsstrategi-for-trondheim-sreal-og-transportutvikling-2050/
- Rieck, N. (2012) LokalklimaanalysepåTorget.https://torvetitrondheim.no/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2012/03/ Lokalklimaanalyse-p%C3%A5-Torget_02.03.12_.pdf
- Bakklandet-TrondheimsGamleby(n.d.) Retrieved from https://www.trondelag.com/bakklandet-trondheimsgamleby/#:~:text=Bakklandet%20ble%20f%C3%B8rst%20bebygd%20tidlig,satte%20Bakklandets%20eksistens%20 p%C3%A5%20pr%C3%B8ve.
- NedreBakklandet1-25(n.d.) Retrieved from http://bakklandet.info/subsites/nb.html
Bakklandetshistorie(n.d.) Retrieved from http://bakklandet.info/#:~:text=Bakklandets%20historie&text=Bakklandet%20 ble%20f%C3%B8rst%20bebygd%20tidlig,ble%20da%20Trondheims%20f%C3%B8rste%20forstad.
- Adresseavisa (2011) Herskulleenfirefeltsmotorveigå . Retrieved from https://www.adressa.no/nyheter/trondheim/ article1664145.ece
- Strinda historielang (2016) BybranneriTrondheim . Retrieved from https://www.strindahistorielag.no/wiki/index.php/ Bybranner_i_Trondheim
- Høgseth, I., 2020 a, personal communication with employee at urban planning office at Trondheim municipality, 16 October
- Høgseth, I., 2020 b, personal communication with employee at urban planning office at Trondheim municipality, 10 November
- Hours of sun: https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/norway/trondheim
- Byantikvaren, Trondheim municipality: https://www.trondheim.municipality.no/byantikvaren/kartinfo/
- Gehl Institute (n.d. a) ParticipantSurvey . Retrieved from https://gehlpeople.com/tools/participant-survey/#tools-inline-content14434
- Gehl Institute (n.d. b) PeopleMovingCount . Retrieved from https://gehlpeople.com/tools/people-moving-count/
- Antwi-Boasiako, K. B. (2010). Public administration: Local government and decentralization in Ghana. Journal of African Studies and development, 2(7), 166-175.
- Awutu Senya East Municipal Assembly (2017) Social Infrastructure. Webpage of the Awutu Senya East Municipal Assembly. Retrieved on the 20th October, 2020 http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/LinkDataDistrict/2280.
- Dhaka n.d., Wikipedia, viewed 21 September2020, < https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka#:~:text=Dhaka%20is%20 located%20in%20central,kilometres%20(118.29%20sq%20mi)>
-Dhaka Population 2020 n.d.,World Population Review, viewed 21 September 2020, <https://worldpopulationreview.com/ world-cities/dhaka-population>
- Posh Areas in Dhaka n.d., Assure Group, viewed 21 September 2020, <https://www.assuregroupbd.com/media/blog/ posh-areas-in-dhaka.html>
-Ali, T 2011, ‘Rising High Flouting Rules’, The Daily Star, 10 December, viewed 24 October 2020, <https://www. thedailystar.net/news-detail-213529>
- History of Dhaka n.d.,Wikipedia, viewed 21 September 2020, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Dhaka>
- History 2017, Dhaka North City Corporation, viewed 21 September 2020, <http://www.dncc.gov.bd/site/page/aa6ca01d9bd1-48c8-9bf4-9e5e83e639ce/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8>
- Gehl Tools n.d., Gehl, viewed 23September 2020, <https://gehlpeople.com/tools/>
- Ullah, A 2017, ‘20 DCC Markets Risky’, Daily Sun, 5 January, viewed 18 October 2020, <https://www.daily-sun.com/ post/196359/20-DCC-markets-risky>
- Methods of Strengthening Concrete Columns n.d.,The Constructor- The Construction Encyclopedia, viewed 21 October 2020, <https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/strengthening-concrete-columns/1935/>
- Mahmud, A. H. 2017, ‘Metro Group may lose Gulshan market contract’, Dhaka Tribune, 4 February, viewed 20 October 2020, <https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2017/02/04/metro-group-may-lose-gulshan-marketcontract>
- Plots and Lands for Sale in Gulshan n.d., Bikroy.com, viewed 3 November 2020, <https://bikroy.com/en/ads/gulshan/ plots-land>
- Project Map: Gulshan Residential Model Town n.d., RAJUK, viewed 3 November 2020, <http://wplrs.rajuk.gov.bd/wplrs/ MapViewer.aspx?mapcode=6_0>
- Ali, T 2008, ‘DCC takes up high rise project ignoring legal obligations’, The Daily Star, 4 May, viewed 23 October 2020, <https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-34851>
- Obstacle Limitation Surface (OLS), Dhaka Airport Height Restriction Zone n.d., viewed 22 October 2020, <http://caab. gov.bd/hc/ols.pdf>
- The right way to do a tenant mix analysis in retail property or shopping centers n.d., Commercial Real Estate Worldwide Online, viewed 27 November 2020, <https://commercial-realestate-training.com/the-right-way-to-do-a-tenant-mixanalysis-in-retail-property-or-shopping-centers/>
-Callender, J, Chiara, J. D. 1980, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, 2nd edn, McGraw Hill, International Editions, Architectural Series
- RAJUK Commercial Complex n.d., InQuest Design Studio, viewed 13 November 2020, <http://inquestbd.com/ experiencenpost/rajuk-commercial-complex/>
Figure 0.1: World map
Figure 1.1.a The public space of study satellite/Arial image using google earth pro
Figure 1.1.b The public space of study and its relation with the main public space of the city satellite/Arial image using google earth pro
Figure 1.2. The geographical location of the city on the Caspian watershed. Resource: Online global map archive of the University of Texas.
Figure 1.3: Graph humidity
Figure 1.4: Graph rain
Figure 1.5: Graph temperature
Figure 1.6 Pavel Yakovlevich Piasetcki painting of Rasht in Qajar period.
Figure 1.7. Arial image of the city, 1930
Resource: historic photos of the Rasht City blog and Instagram Archive.
Figure 1.8 Initiation ceremony of the municipality. Resource: historic photos of the Rasht City blog and Instagram Archive.
Figure.1.9 A map of Rasht before the Safavid period. Fishery and transportation in the Zarjoub riverResource: historic photos of the Rasht City blog and Instagram Archive.
Figure 1.10 Oil tanks, factories and city entry autobahn developed juxtaposed to the urban stream. Resource Google earth pro
Figure 1.11 The map of city growth produced by author resource thesis: “environmental ethics and ecological design of the riparian landscapes”
Figure 1.12 Urban sprawl expansion in two decades. Resource Google earth pro
Figure 1.13 Different time of the day and different activities or the solitude time photos taken by author
Figure 1.14 Various locations in the park photos taken by author
Figure 1.15 Informality in the site zoomed arial image resource google earth pro
Figure 1.16 Interest refers to interest for contribution to change the situation. Power refers to power for contribution to change the situation
Figure 1.17 Entrance to the local bank photo taken by the author
Figure 1.18 Produced map for feelings of the users regarding unhealthy spots
Figure 1.19 The graph for major problem
Figure 1.20 Access to the park from a valley Informal
Figure 1.21 settlement perspective from the park. Photos taken by the author
Figure 1.22 Site map for suggested locations of the park
Figure 1 23 A drawing of suggested bridge
Figure 2.1: Location
Figure 2.2: Photo of the case area, by the author
Figure 2.3: Photo of the case area, by the author
Figure 2.4: Timeline
Figure 2.5: Photo of fire at Bakklandet by Schrøder, 1961. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondheim_byarkiv/4049573130
Figure 2.6: Photo of fire at Bakklandet by unknown. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/trondheim_byarkiv/4173392733/
Figure 2.7: Photo of Bakklandet by unknown. Retrieved from http://bakklandet.info/subsites/nb.html
Figure 2.8: Preservation map. Retrieved from https://www.trondheim.kommune.no/byantikvaren/kartinfo/
Figure 2.9: Climate conditions
Figure 2.10: People counting
Figure 2.11: Activity mapping
Figure 2.12: Power interest diagram of stakeholders
Figure 2.13: Results of question sheets users
Figure 2.14: Results of question sheets neighbors
Figure 2.15: Results of question sheets
Figure 2.16: Results of question sheets in word clouds
Figure 2.17: Diagram of park comparisons. Photos of “Gåsaparken” and “Park with playground” are by the author. Høgskoleparken source: Google Maps, 2020. Høgskoleparken, Street view. Google Maps [online] [Accessed 25 November 2020].
Figure 2.18: Issues, interrelations and affections
Figure 2.19: Photo of ground: by the author
Figure 2.20: Photo of ground: by the author
Figure 2.21: Photo of ground: by the author
Figure 2. 22: Cause of issues
Figure 2.23: Photo of traffic situation: by the author
Figure 2.24: Describing positive and negative effects and solutions
Figure 2. 25: Imaginative sketch of the place during summer Figure 2. 26: Imaginative sketch of the place during winter, by the author
Figure 3.1: Location map. Source: Google Maps, 2020. Edited by the author.
Figure 3.2: Photos: by the author
Figure 3.3: Map of the study area before the station was built. Source: Google Maps, 2020. Edited by the author.
Figure 3.5: Diagram of problems identified
Figure 3.6: Sketch of proposed built intervention
Figure 3.7: Diagram of strategic intervention
Figure 3.8: Map of Lorry Station showing proposed Site for Food Vendors in Red Rectangle. Source: Google Maps, 2020. Edited by the author.
Figure 3.9: Map of Lorry Station showing proposed Site for Food Vendors in Blue Rectangle. Source: Google Maps, 2020. Edited by the author.
Figure 4.1: Location
Figure 4.2: Site Map
Figure 4.3: Site Image taken by author
Figure 4.4: Methods
Figure 4.5: Gulshan Zone Division
Figure 4.6: Gulshan Statistics
Figure 4.7: Gulshan Timeline
Figure 4.8: Landuse Zoning
Figure 4.9: Commute Map
Figure 4.10: Temperature
Figure 4.11: Humidity
Figure 4.12: Rainfall
Figure 4.13: Sun and Wind Diagram
Figure 4.14: Market Zoning
Figure 4.15: Shop Details
Figure 4.16: Site Image taken by author
Figure 4.17: Site Image taken by author
Figure 4.18: Site Image taken by author
Figure 4.19: Stakeholder Mapping
Figure 4.20: Survey of Shoppers
Figure 4.21: Counts in the market
Figure 4.22: Market Information
Figure 4.23: SWOT Analysis
Figure 4.21: Problems\ Connectivity
Figure 4.25: Dialogues by the vendors
Figure 4.26: Risk Assessment
Figure 4.27: Micro Intervention
Figure 4.28: Macro Intervention
Figure 4.29: Landuse Map (RAJUK)
Figure 4.30: Aviation Height Map (CAAB)
Figure 4.31: Why renters should be kept
Figure 4.32: Market Modules
Figure 4.33: Participatory methods for important stakeholders
Figure 4.34: Legal rules for design and construction
Figure 4.35: Reconstruction images after fire in 2017
Figure 4.36: Conceptual representation of proposal
Figure 4.37: Map showing market and car parking
This is a questionnaire under the supervision of Urban Ecological Planning of Norwegian University of science and technology NTNU, and its purpose is to gather data for research on urban development and planning academic discourses only. The subject is to investigate the Tohid public space and its relation with different group of people and interrelated subjects.
Sharing of gathered information with any other authorities of Iran is only permissible if you agree;
The whole and the detail of the provided information is under protection and privacy of ethical guides for research of Norway. If you think you are OK with sharing any part of following with municipal authorities of Rasht please put a check beside the title of that part.
This is a survey for perceive of citizens opinions and preference to be applied in a participatory process of planning for improvement of Tohid public space as an academic project.
Here by “Tohid park” we are referring to the extension of the park from Boujar bridge to the Pirsara district start. Personal data
How old are you:
What is your gender? Man/Woman/Transgender
What is your sexuality? Heterosexual/Homosexual/Bisexual/Pansexual
What is your religious belief? Islamic/Non-Islamic/ I don’t have religious belief
Gender number Sexuality Religion number
Male 12 Hetero Islamic 10
Female 10 Non Religious Belief 5
Relation with the target space
a. If you consider the Tohid park as a place that is related to you? Please score
• Not related 0 strongly related 5
a. If you consider yourself as a user of this park? Yes/No
b. If you have a sense of belonging to the park? Yes/No
c. If you consider yourself a responsible user in relation with its problems and for its improvement? Yes/No
d. How often you go or pass this place during a week/Month?
• Zero
• Once or Twice
• Three times
• Four Times
• Five Times
• Six Times
• I go to the park in a week/Month regularly
What positive and negative points you can mention? Please mark point
F-Perspectives 0-5
G Vegetation 0 5
H Its location 0 5
I Its length 0 5
J Its social services 0 5
K-Its furniture 0-5
How you can describe the park?
L It is calming Yes/No
M It is green Yes/No
N It is civic Yes/No
O It is boring Yes/No
P-It is clean Yes/No
Q It is accessible Yes/No
R It is safe Yes/No
S What you use the rout (asphalted one) in the park for?
A.For walking
B.For running
C.For bicycling
T What is your opinion about the place of sewer valves on the asphalted rout? Is it located properly? Yes/No
U What is your walking behavior in the park? (Please chose three)
A.I usually stand in a location and talk with my buddies
B.I usually walk constantly till I get out of the park and go elsewhere
C.I sometimes walk and sometimes sit on the sittings alone or with my friends
D.I usually use park for dog walking and I go or stand depending to my pet
E.I use park for running and sport activity with provided sport devices
F.I use park for bicycling and sport activity with provide sport devices
V What do you think lightings of the park in the night time?
Not enough 0 / too much 5
W What do you think about furniture of the park?
Not Suitable 0/ Suitable 5
A.If you are a local person to the park regardless of ownership type?
If you are please keep on otherwise please reach to the next section:
B.If you or one in your family are owner of our current residential land.
C.If you pay for rental cost of the land you are resided in.
D.If you have reached to any other agreement with municipality regarding your current status.
E.If you reside on the direct margin of the river (in a buffer with distance of 25m).
F.If you are satisfied with your current status of ownership or you are seeking for another option?
G.If you can communicate easily with municipality regarding your problems?
H.How you describe your residency type from following options?
1.Informal Settlement
2.Formal Residential
3.Temporary structure
I.If you are satisfied with current facilities that is delivered to your property by the municipal authority? Y/N
J.If you are satisfied with your current status of property or you are seeking for another option? Y/N
K.If you can communicate easily with municipality regarding your problems? Y/N
L.Which one of the following is the main problem of the nearby sites that you want to be improved in terms of the next developmental planning? Please score with 1-10 score based on “higher the score, higher the priority”.
a)Informal settlements (Visual problem)
b)Informal settlements (Ownership right and resolving land boundaries limit)
c)Informal settlements (Municipal facilities and safety)
d)Location of the Graveyard (Lack of capacity)
e)Location of the Graveyard (Environmental problem)
f)Location of the Graveyard (Noise problem)
g)Environmental Pollutions in site
h)Destructed buildings Debris
i)Lack of parking space
j)Pedestrian rout quality
M.Which one of the following is the main problem of the park that you want to be improved in terms of the next developmental planning? Please score with 0-5 score based on “higher the score higher the priority”.
a)Park accessibility problem
b)Park cleanliness problem (about pets’ poo for example)
c)Park and destructed building debris
d)Park lack of space for parking
e)Park facilities and furniture
Timestamp
Hvor ofte besøker du stedet?
Hvordan kom du deg hit i dag? (hvis kombinasjon av flere, velg alternativet med lengst distanse)
Hva beskriver best til forhold til plassen? (Du kan velge flere) Hva gjør du her i dag?
Hvis du 'passerer', hvor skal du videre?
Hvor lenge tenker du å oppholde deg på stedet?
Hva er dine assosiasjoner til nabolaget? 1=veldig dårlig, 5=veldig bra
Hva er dine assosiasjoner til denne plassen? 1=veldig dårlig, 5=veldig bra
Hvilke 3 ord ville brukt til å beskrive stedet?
10/9/2020 11:41:55 Hver uke Gange
Jeg bor her eller i området, Jeg studerer i nærheten Passerer Skole
Under 10 minutter 4 3 Travelt, brostein, 10/12/2020 15:08:21 Sjeldent Gange
10/12/2020 15:10:26 Hver måned Gange
10/12/2020 15:12:36 Hver uke Sykkel
Jeg skal besøke kafè eller butikk Passerer Restaurant/kafè/bar
Jeg skal besøke kafè eller butikk Passerer Restaurant/kafè/bar
Jeg bor her eller i området, Jeg studerer i nærheten, Jeg skal besøke kafè eller butikk Passerer, Møter venner
10/12/2020 15:27:34 Hver uke Gange Jeg bor her eller i området Passerer
Hjem, Jobb, Skole, Kulturarrangement, Restaurant/kafè/bar
Butikk
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Vakkert, koslig, mangfoldig
Under 10 minutter 4 4 Åpent
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Koselig, karakter, samlingspunkt
Under 10 minutter 4 4 Koselig
10/12/2020 15:29:23 Sjeldent Buss Jeg jobber her eller området Passerer Hjem
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Hyggelig, livlig, sykkelheis
Under 10 minutter 3 2 Koselig, rolig, gammeldags 10/12/2020 15:34:34 Hver måned Gange Jeg skal besøke kafè eller butikk Passerer, Handler Hjem
10/12/2020 15:40:43 Daglig Sykkel
Jeg studerer i nærheten Passerer Skole
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Hyggelig, sjarm originalt 10/12/2020 16:06:17 Hver uke Gange Jeg studerer i nærheten Passerer
Under 10 minutter 5 4 Koselig, rolig, sjamerende 10/12/2020 16:14:00 Sjeldent Buss Jeg skal besøke kafè eller butikk Møter venner
Butikk
Hjem, Restaurant/kafè/bar 10-20 minutter 4 4 Pent, ryddig 10/12/2020 17:05:05 Daglig Gange Jeg jobber her eller området Passerer Jobb Under 10 minutter 4 5 Fint sjarmerende 10/12/2020 20:03:32 Hver måned Gange
Jeg bor her eller i området, Jeg skal besøke kafè eller butikk
Jeg bor her eller i området, Jeg studerer i nærheten
Er med familie, Sightseeing, Går med kjæledyr
Hjem, Restaurant/kafè/bar, Butikk Under 10 minutter 4 4 Koselig, bevart fargerikt 10/12/2020 23:24:51 Hver uke Sykkel
Passerer, Er med familie, Går med kjæledyr Skole, Kulturarrangement
Under 10 minutter 4 4 Sykkelheis, brostein, koselig, 10/14/2020 18:46:34 Daglig Sykkel Jeg studerer i nærheten Handler
Under 10 minutter 4 4 Travelt, hyggelig, turistmagnet 10/14/2020 23:02:23 Hver uke Gange Jeg bor her eller i området Passerer, Møter venner Hjem
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Koselig, folksomt, attraktivt 10/19/2020 9:32:39 Hver uke Gange Jeg bor her eller i området Passerer, Går med kjæledyr Hjem
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Hyggelig, historie 10/19/2020 9:33:41 Hver uke Gange Jeg bor her eller i området Passerer, Går med kjæledyr Hjem
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Koselig 10/19/2020 9:35:06 Hver uke Gange Jeg bor her eller i området Passerer, Er med familie Hjem
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Historisk, sykkelheis 10/19/2020 9:36:16 Daglig Gange
Jeg bor her eller i området, Jeg jobber her eller i området Passerer, Er med familie Hjem
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Bra det ikke er arkitektur 10/19/2020 9:37:16 Hver uke Gange
Jeg bor her eller i området, Jeg jobber her eller i området Passerer, Er med familie Hjem
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Gammelt, fint, sykkelheis 10/19/2020 9:38:16 Hver uke Gange
Jeg bor her eller i området Passerer, Er med familie, Møter venner Hjem
Under 10 minutter 5 5 Fint, hyggelig,
assosiasjoner til denne 1=veldig dårlig, Hvilke 3 ord ville du brukt til å beskrive stedet?
Hva kunne du ønske stedet tilbyr som det i dag mangler?
Travelt, brostein, historie Hyggeligere sitteplasser ute
Vakkert, koslig, mangfoldig Flere restauranter
Åpent Trafikksikring
Koselig, karakter, samlingspunkt
dagligvarebutikk og kollektiv transport
Koselig Flere sitteplasser på cafeene
Koselig, rolig, gammeldags Mere Småbutikker
Hyggelig, livlig, sykkelheis Ingenting
5 Hyggelig, sjarm og originalt
trygg føler du deg her? 1=veldig utrygg, 5=veldig trygg Hva ville gjort at du føler deg enda tryggere? Hva er alderen din?
Flere mennesker på kvelds/nattid (er da jeg føler meg litt utrygg)
Flere gatelys, flere åpne bedrifter
Trafikksikring
Hva er den høyeste utdannelsen du har fullført? Hva identifiserer du deg som? Hvor lenge har du bodd i Trondheim
Hvis du ikke er oppvokst her, hvor er du oppvokst?
Bachelorgrad Kvinne 3-5 år Oslo
Videregående Kvinne Oppvokst her eller i området
Mastergrad Kvinne Mer enn 5 år Tromsø
Mastergrad Kvinne 3-5 år
Færre/ingen biler
Mastergrad Mann Mer enn 5 år Bergen
Videregående Kvinne
med handel av frukt, grønnsaker og blomster (parkeringsplassen v sykkelheis)
Koselig, rolig, sjamerende Vinmonopol
4 Pent, ryddig og hyggelig Flere felles sitteområder
Fint sjarmerende koselig Ingenting
4 Koselig, bevart og fargerikt Cocktail bar
Sykkelheis, brostein, koselig, Vet ikke
Travelt, hyggelig, turistmagnet Mer og bedre sykkelfelt
Koselig, folksomt, attraktivt Flere spiseplasser langs elven
Hyggelig, historie
ikke
Koselig Parken
Historisk, sykkelheis Parken
Bra det ikke er moderne arkitektur
Gammelt, fint, sykkelheis
hyggelig, historie
kommer
Enda mer lys langs gatene/stiene/elva
Ingenting
Mer gatelys?
Mer oppmarkerte flet til sykling, gange og biler
her eller i området
Mastergrad Kvinne Mer enn 5 år
Bachelorgrad Kvinne 3-5 år Fredrikstad
Videregående Kvinne 1-3 år Rogaland
Bachelorgrad Kvinne Mer enn 5 år Vesterålen
Videregående Kvinne 1-3 år Harstad
Mastergrad Kvinne Mer enn 5 år
Bachelorgrad Mann 3-5 år Bærum
Bachelorgrad Mann 3-5 år Kristiansand
enn
enn
Mer enn
er fint i dag
ikke
Mann
år Kristiansand
her eller i området
her eller i området
her eller i området
her eller i området
Timestamp Eier du eller leier du?
Hvor lenge har du bodd her?
Hvor lenge har du bodd i Trondheim?
10/12/2020 23:23:05 Leier 0-1 år 1-3
Hvor ofte besøker/passerer du krysset på Nedre Bakklandet ved Gamle bybro?
I tillegg til å bo nærheten, hva beskriver best til forhold til plassen? (Du kan velge flere) Hvordan bruker du dette stedet?
Hva er dine assosiasjoner til nabolaget (også området rundt dette krysset)? 1= veldig dårlige, 5=veldig gode
Hva er dine assosiasjoner til denne plassen (krysset ved Nedre Bakklandet/Gamle bybro)? 1= veldig dårlige, 5=veldig gode
Hvilke 3 ord ville du brukt til å beskrive stedet?
Hva kunne du stedet tilbyr som dag mangler?
Hver uke Jeg studerer i nærheten Passerer 5 5 Pent , hyggelig og koselig Butikk
10/15/2020 10:58:01 Eier Mer enn 5 år Oppvokst her eller i området Hver uke
10/15/2020 16:10:39 Leier 1-3
10/15/2020 16:12:51 Leier 1-3
10/15/2020 20:13:26 Leier 1-3
10/16/2020 19:43:14 Eier Mer enn
10/18/2020 17:28:14 Eier Mer enn 5
1-3
1-3
Mer
Mer enn
Jeg besøker kafè eller butikk, Jeg går tur her
Passerer, Handler, Er med familie, Går tur alene 5 2 Veikryss. Uorganisert. Ikke utviklet
Daglig Jeg jobber her eller i området Passerer 3 1 Farlig (syklister), farlig (elsparkesykler), utrivelig
At det utformes tilrettelegges som torg, gjerne med paviljong
Gatetun opp til Vollabakken, fartsdempere, gatebelysning
Daglig Jeg jobber her eller i området Passerer 4 2 For mange syklister stor fart. Sykkelforbud
Hver uke
Daglig
Jeg studerer i nærheten, Jeg besøker kafè eller butikk, Jeg går tur her
Jeg besøker kafè eller butikk, Jeg går tur her
Daglig Jeg jobber her eller i området
10/18/2020 22:30:23 Eier Mer enn 5 år Mer enn 5 år Daglig Jeg jobber her eller i området
10/19/2020 9:30:35 Eier Mer enn 5 år Mer enn 5 år Daglig
Passerer, Møter venner, Går tur alene, Sport/trening 4 3 Overfylt, vakkert, Bedre sykkelvei
Passerer, Handler, Møter venner, Går tur alene, Sport/trening 5 2 sjarmerende Tørre sitteplasser
Passerer, Handler, Er med familie, Møter venner, Går tur alene, Arrangement 5 5 Trivelig Hyggelig Sjarmerende Enda flere butikker
Passerer, Handler, Er med familie, Møter venner, Går tur alene, Arrangement 5 5 Trivelig Hyggelig Sjarmerende Enda flere butikker
Jeg jobber her eller i området, Jeg besøker kafè eller butikk, Jeg går tur her Passerer, Møter venner, Sport/trening 5 2 Hyggelig, bra med park, trafikk Blir bra når parken kommer
Passerer, Handler, Er med familie, Møter venner, Går tur alene, Arrangement 5 5 Sjarmerende, trygt, sentralt Bakeri 10/19/2020 15:12:48 Eier Mer enn 5 år Mer enn 5 år Hver uke Jeg går tur her Er med familie 5 4 Folkefyllt koselig trafikkert At syklister roer 10/19/2020 15:36:02 Eier 1-3 år 3-5 år Hver uke
10/19/2020 14:49:05 Eier 3-5 år Oppvokst her eller i området Hver uke Jeg går tur her
Jeg studerer i nærheten, Jeg går tur her Passerer, Går tur alene 5 3 Hyggelig, kaotisk, travelt Bedre sykkelvei 10/19/2020 15:47:32 Eier Mer enn 5 år Mer enn 5 år Daglig Jeg besøker kafè eller butikk Passerer, Er med familie, Arrangement 4 4 Sosialt, hyggelig, pene blomster Ferre biler og 10/19/2020 17:35:24 Leier 0-1 år 1-3 år Daglig Jeg jobber her eller i området, Jeg går tur her Passerer, Møter venner, Går tur alene 5 5 Vakkert, koselig, vennligbak Bakeri
10/19/2020 21:00:36 Eier Mer enn 5 år Oppvokst her eller i området Hver uke
Jeg jobber her eller i området, Jeg besøker kafè eller butikk, Jeg går tur her
Passerer, Handler, Er med familie, Møter venner, Går tur alene, Arrangement 5 5 Vakkert sentralt rolig Fastfood
10/20/2020 8:55:30 Eier Mer enn 5 år Oppvokst her eller i området Daglig Jeg går tur her Går tur alene 3 3 Sånn passe greit Dagligvarer
10/20/2020 11:14:28 Leier
10/20/2020 13:04:23 Eier
10/20/2020
Jeg jobber her eller i området, Jeg besøker kafè eller butikk
Passerer, Handler, Møter venner, Går tur alene 5 5 Koselig, særegent, hyblifisert Forbud mot personbiltrafikk
Passerer, Er med familie, Møter venner, Går
alene
Passerer, Er med familie, Går tur alene
Passerer, Handler, Er med familie,
Går
alene,
Koselig, livlig, kaotisk Ikke noe spesielt
koseligt idyllisk
atmosfære
forbrukervennlig fotgjengere
Passerer, Møter venner, Går
alene, Sightseeing
biltrafikk
koselig, urbant.
ville du beskrive Hva kunne du ønske stedet tilbyr som det i dag mangler?
Uorganisert.
det utformes og tilrettelegges som et torg, gjerne med paviljong
Hvor trygg føler du deg her? 1= veldig utrygg, 5=veldig trygg Hva ville gjort at du føler deg enda tryggere? Hva er alderen din?
Hva er den høyeste utdannelsen du har fullført? Hva identifiserer du deg som?
Kvinne
Hvis du ikke er oppvokst området, hvor er du oppvokst?
Det er planlagt å gjøre om parkeringsplassen her til en park. Hva synes du om dette?
Har du noen tanker om hva denne parken bør tilby? (f.eks lekeplass, sitteplasser, paviljong) hyggelig og Butikk
Mann Ila/Byåsen (syklister), farlig (elsparkesykler), utrivelig
Gatetun opp til Vollabakken, fartsdempere, bedre gatebelysning
Kvinne EU syklister i Sykkelforbud 5 Ingenting
Belysning
Bachelorgrad Mann Levanger vakkert, Bedre sykkelvei
Mastergrad Mann Bergen sjarmerende Tørre sitteplasser 4 vet ikke
Doktorgrad Mann mange steder
Hyggelig
Sjarmerende Enda flere butikker 5 63 Bachelorgrad Kvinne Ålesund
Hyggelig Sjarmerende Enda flere butikker 5
Bachelorgrad Kvinne Ålesund bra med park, Blir bra når parken kommer 5 36 Mastergrad Mann Kristiansand Sjarmerende, trygt, Bakeri 5 48 Bachelorgrad Kvinne 3
Lekeplass. Vi trenger også noe parkering hvis vi skal kunne bo her med barn. koselig At syklister roer farten 5 Bedre plass til fotgjengere 34 Mastergrad Mann Haugesund 5 Park og paviljong kaotisk, travelt Bedre sykkelvei 4 26 Bachelorgrad Kvinne
Dektorativt lys (sånn til mørketiden), mulighet for å sitte privat/komme seg bort fra trafikken hyggelig, pene Ferre biler og sykler
Mindre trafikk
Mastergrad Kvinne
Sitteplasser og søppelkasser koselig, Bakeri
Mastergrad Mann Nord Amerika
rolig Fastfood
Dagligvarer
Forbud mot personbiltrafikk
kaotisk Ikke noe
urbant bakeri butikk
Mann
Sitteplasser
Fortsatt parkering
Sitteplasser, nok bosspann
Sitteplasser
(sånn
sitte privat/komme
bort
og søppelkasser
Sitteplasser
Fortsatt parkering
ville du beskrive Hva kunne du ønske stedet tilbyr som det i dag mangler?
Forbud mot
Hvor trygg føler du deg her? 1= veldig utrygg, 5=veldig trygg Hva ville gjort at du føler deg enda tryggere? Hva er alderen din?
Hva er den høyeste utdannelsen du har fullført? Hva identifiserer du deg som?
Hvis du ikke er oppvokst området, hvor er du oppvokst?
Det er planlagt å gjøre om parkeringsplassen her til en park. Hva synes du om dette?
Sitteplasser, nok bosspann
Har du noen tanker om hva denne parken bør tilby? (f.eks lekeplass, sitteplasser, paviljong) hyggelig og Butikk
kaotisk Ikke noe spesielt
Videregående Kvinne Oslo Uorganisert.
Mann Kolbotn
Sitteplasser
det utformes og tilrettelegges som et torg, gjerne med paviljong
urbant bakeri butikk
Gatetun opp til Vollabakken, fartsdempere, bedre gatebelysning
masser av belysning
Videregående Kvinne København
Mann Ila/Byåsen (syklister), farlig (elsparkesykler), utrivelig
en lille park med enkelte lekeapparater og hyggelige benke
atmosfære Mer forbrukervennlig for fotgjengere
Bedre trafikk-kunnskap hos syklister med og uten elektroniske hjelpemidler
Mastergrad Kvinne EU syklister Sykkelforbud
Belysning
Ingenting
Mastergrad Kvinne Oslo 30
Bachelorgrad Mann Levanger
5 Lekeplass og sitteplass
vakkert, Bedre sykkelvei
atmosfære Mer forbrukervennlig for fotgjengere 4
Bedre trafikk-kunnskap hos syklister med og uten elektroniske hjelpemidler
Mastergrad Mann Bergen
Mastergrad Kvinne Oslo 30 år 5 Lekeplass og sitteplass
Tørre sitteplasser
vet ikke
koselig, urbant. Null biltrafikk 5 Null biltrafikk.
Hyggelig Sjarmerende Enda flere butikker 5
Doktorgrad Mann mange steder
Videregående Mann Lillehammer 3 treningsstativ - typ mini tuftepark hyggelig fint Innkjøring forbudt
Videregående Mann Lillestrøm
Bachelorgrad Kvinne Ålesund
beplangning
syklister holdt seg på riktig side av gaten og senket farten
Hyggelig Sjarmerende Enda flere butikker 5
Videregående Kvinne Kolbotn
Lekeplass og sittemøbler Interessant. Ingenting. 5
Bachelorgrad Kvinne Ålesund bra med park, Blir bra når parken kommer 5
Mastergrad Mann
Mastergrad Mann Kristiansand
Grøntområde rolig travelt Parkering
Doktorgrad Mann Tyholt
koselig At syklister roer farten
Sjarmerende, trygt, Bakeri 5
Bedre plass til fotgjengere
Mastergrad Mann Haugesund
Bachelorgrad Kvinne
Park og paviljong folksomt, Bokbutikk
Benker
travelt Bedre sykkelvei
sjarmerende Trær/grønt
Markerte sykkelveier
Lekeplass. Vi trenger også noe parkering hvis vi skal kunne bo her med barn. koselig At syklister roer farten
plass til fotgjengere
Videregående Kvinne
Mann Haugesund
Park og paviljong
Dektorativt lys (sånn til mørketiden), mulighet for å sitte privat/komme seg bort fra trafikken hyggelig, pene
Kvinne
Kvinne
Sitteplasser, blomster
biler og sykler
trafikk
Kvinne
Sitteplasser og søppelkasser koselig, Bakeri
Mastergrad Mann
sjarmerende Ingenting
rolig Fastfood
Ingenting
Amerika
Mastergrad Mann Berg i Trondheim
Synes vi skal beholde parkeringsplassene Sjarmerende, trivelig, Vet ikke
Doktorgrad Mann
Sitteplasser
Dagligvarer
Ro, grøntareal
nok
mot personbiltrafikk
Mann
Mann Kolstad
kom hit i
Bør erstatte Rabarbraparken som lekeareal
Fortsatt parkering særegent, Forbud mot personbiltrafikk
Ro, grøntareal
Sitteplasser, nok bosspann
Mann
Mann Kolstad
Bachelorgrad Mann Sandnessjøen
Sitteplasser
Bør erstatte Rabarbraparken som lekeareal samlingspunkt for Ingen ring
lille park med
og hyggelige
Casual conversation Users (passing by or sitting) 7 Shop workers 3
Users (passing by or sitting) 21 Neighbors 34
Employee, urban planning department Trondheim municipality 1
Feedback conversations after proposed strategic intervention Employee, urban planning department Trondheim municipality 1 Shop employees or managers 3
How long have you been a part of this station?
Which routes do you ply?
How do you compare this new facility to your old place?
What do you like particularly about this new facility?
Do you have any issues using this new place?
Have you voiced your concern to the managers of the facility?
What do you think can be done to resolve this issues?
How long have you sold in this station?
What do you sell?
How do you compare this new facility to your old place?
What do your like particularly about this new facility?
Do you have any issues using this new place?
Have you voiced your concern to the managers of the facility?
What do you think can be done to resolve this issues?
How long have you sold in this station?
What do you sell?
How did you come by the space in this new facility?
How do you compare this new facility to your old place?
What do your like particularly about this new facility?
Do you have any issues using this new place?
Have you voiced your concern to the managers of the facility?
What do you think can be done to resolve this issues?
How long have you managed this facility?
How has the facility improved the experience of passengers in Kasoa?
How do you related and relay decisions and information to the drivers and hawkers n the facility?
Are there any particular challenges that you face here?
How have you found resolutions for these problems here?
What are some proposed resolutions for the problems you are yet to resolve?
- How many people are in this committee?
Ans: 16 people
- Who are those 16 people?
Ans: 1 president, 2 Vice presidents (1 from political party, 1 from shop owners), 1 secretary, 1 treasurer, 1 communications officer, 1 membership officer, 3 program coordinators, 3 campaign coordinators and 3 planning officers.
- What is your purpose in the market?
Ans: We maintain most things in the market. Plus, the shop keepers pay the rent to us, and we convey it to the owners.
- What do you maintain?
Ans: The cleanliness, parking, shops, contracts, etc...
- When did this committee form?
Ans: 1981
- Do the vendors come to you with issues? If so, what are they?
Ans: Yes, they come with disputes amongst other shops, or if there is a leakage in their shop, or if they are having trouble paying rent.
- How has the market scenario changed after the fires?
Ans: Many things have changed since then. We have to be always on alert in case there are any other fires, the collapse of one part of the building has left the other part quite risky, we have to stay on the lookout for that also. Many shopkeepers are still recovering from the loss and haven’t paid proper rents. Customers can divert their routes to the kitchen market now, they dont need to enter through the main market, so there is less people also.
- Why will there be more fires?
Ans: There just might be.
- How has the market scenario changed since Covid19?
Ans: At first there was big change! Market was closed for almost 2 months! People were worried about their businesses and money. We gave loans to some businesses as well. Many shops opened online pages to sell their items also. But now things are almost back to normal. People are back. Sometimes people from City Corporation visits us to see if we are maintaining proper hygiene.
- Are you maintaining proper hygiene?
Ans: Yes! We set up basins to wash hands. We are wearing masks. Clean the areas often now.
- I have seen that the vendors keep their products on the corridors, reducing space for walking. Is that okay to do so?
Ans. No its not okay, but we dont say anything anymore. Everyone has made peace with it.
- The stairs are so dirty. Why is that?
Ans. The city Corporation is supposed to send cleaners to clean the market, but they dont come always.
- There are many small issues that needs fixing, like the potholes, dirts, old material etc. Why arent they being fixed?
Ans: The ownership of the market is in dispute. As there isnt a confirmed owner yet, no confirmed resource to fix all these.
- Why no confirmed owner?
Ans: The new building construction is still hanging. Once that it confirmed, owner will also be determined.
- Why is the construction hanging?
Ans: There is some issue with the sold spaces to the new owners. There were some illegal activities. Also the vendors are worried whether they will get space, so we are discussing that as well.
