Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
CS 21 - Computer Organization and Assembly Language Programming History of Computers
University of the Philippines - Diliman College of Engineering Department of Computer Science
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Outline 1
Zeroth Generation
2
First Generation
3
Second Generation
4
Third Generation
5
Fourth Generation
6
Generational Trends
7
The Fifth Generation
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Outline 1
Zeroth Generation
2
First Generation
3
Second Generation
4
Third Generation
5
Fourth Generation
6
Generational Trends
7
The Fifth Generation
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Zeroth Generation
The Zeroth Generation includes all Mechanical Computing Devices Electromechanical Computers
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Mechanical Computing Device
Analytical Engine design by Charles Babbage general purpose computer would be programmed via punched cards
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Outline 1
Zeroth Generation
2
First Generation
3
Second Generation
4
Third Generation
5
Fourth Generation
6
Generational Trends
7
The Fifth Generation
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
First Generation Defining feature: Vacuum Tubes Historical Backdrop: World War 2 and immediate preceding years
ENIAC
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
ENIAC
first general purpose computer primary purpose: war effort a monster: 30 tons, 15,000 square feet of floor space, 18,000 vacuum tubes, 140 KW power 5000 additions per second programming method: set switches, plug and unplug cables
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
IAS Machine more of a �concept� machine implemented the von Neumann architecture almost all computers today share the IAS architecture
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Von Neumann Architecture What is the Von Neumann Architecture? computer design that advocates storing DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS in the same memory space gave rise to �stored program� concept
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
First Generation Computers with Commercial Applications
UNIVAC 1 and 2 could run scientific and commercial applications used by the Bureau of Census IBM 700 series established IBM as a major player in the computer industry
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Outline 1
Zeroth Generation
2
First Generation
3
Second Generation
4
Third Generation
5
Fourth Generation
6
Generational Trends
7
The Fifth Generation
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Second Generation
Defining feature: Transistors
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Second Generation
Advantages of Transistors over Vacuum tubes: smallers cheaper dissipates less heat smaller components lead to smaller systems!
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
PDP-1
PDP-1 importance stands for Programmable Data Processor operating frequency: 5 MHz ignited the minicomputer phenomenon created the first hacker culture played the first computerized game, Spacewar!
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Outline 1
Zeroth Generation
2
First Generation
3
Second Generation
4
Third Generation
5
Fourth Generation
6
Generational Trends
7
The Fifth Generation
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Third Generation
Defining feature: Integrated Circuits
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Third Generation
Key concept behind integrated circuits: multiple transistors on a single chip - densely packed Advantages of 3rd generation technology over 2nd generation technology shorter distances between elements translate to shorter wires, which translates to greater operating speed as the computer becomes smaller, it becomes more convenient to place in a variety of environments reduction in power and cooling requirements greater reliability
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
IBM System/360
System/360 importance a planned family of computers focus on cross-compatibility and backwards compatibility
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
PDP-8
PDP-8 importance gave rise to OEM business model small enough to place on top of table (relatively) cheap at $16,000
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Outline 1
Zeroth Generation
2
First Generation
3
Second Generation
4
Third Generation
5
Fourth Generation
6
Generational Trends
7
The Fifth Generation
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Fourth Generation
Defining feature: Very Large Scale Integration
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Fourth Generation
Key concept behind VLSI: thousands of transistors on a single chip complete processor on a chip
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
How much smaller?
ENIAC Chip
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Intel 4004
Intel 4004 importance first complete CPU on a chip first commercially available microprocessor key to domination by Intel in the market
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Outline 1
Zeroth Generation
2
First Generation
3
Second Generation
4
Third Generation
5
Fourth Generation
6
Generational Trends
7
The Fifth Generation
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Trends
Each new generation(at least from 1st to 3rd) is characterized by: Greater speed Larger Memory Capacity Smaller phyical size
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
Outline 1
Zeroth Generation
2
First Generation
3
Second Generation
4
Third Generation
5
Fourth Generation
6
Generational Trends
7
The Fifth Generation
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
The Fifth Generation
So what would characterize the Fifth Generation? Is it already here? It depends on who you ask.
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
The Fifth Generation: ULSI/GLSI?
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
The Fifth Generation: Multicore?
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
The Fifth Generation: Cloud Computing?
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
The Fifth Generation: Non-silicon computers?
Zeroth Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Generational Trends The Fifth Gen
The Fifth Generation: Human computers?