1.2 Need for the National TOD Policy

2.2 Study of TOD and Mixed-use proposals in India.

Indian cities’ mobility has been significantly changed in recent years as a result of the introduction of several bus transportation options. Lessons learned through the adoption of new techniques and problems experienced in urban India can greatly enhance the development of city bus networks. The comparative successes and challenges of city bus improvements initiated by some of India’s partners, including the Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST) Undertaking, the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC), the Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd. (AICTSL), the Bhopal City Links Limited (BCLL), and the Metropolitan Transport Corporation, Chennai (MTC). Recent bus improvements indicate that city bus networks will continue to be the backbone of urban mobility in India. As a result, cities across India must prioritise sustainable transportation and establish goals to increase the modal share of public transportation. Buses account for more than 90% of public transportation in Indian cities, and they provide an affordable and convenient means of transportation for people of all economic classes. In metropolitan areas, around 35,000 buses are in service. Eight major cities account for 80 percent of all buses: Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, and Pune. Currently, the bus modal share in these cities varies from 1% (Surat) to 43%. (Bangalore). The issue is to maintain bus modal share while increasing public transportation modal share through various programmes. By 2020, India proposes that bus transportation account for at least half of all motor trips in Tier 1 cities and at least one-third of all motor trips in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.

Figure 39: Mixed-use Development, TOD with transit facilities in India.