s” volume
UNIVERSITY
Waterloo,
friday
13 number
8
OF WATERLC(0,
Ontario
7 july
1972
Labour so idaritv at city hall About 500 demonstrators, many from different union locals, gathered in front of Kitchener city hall on monday june 26 to show support for the K-W and District Labour Council’s resolution condemning strike-breaking. Unlike the labour council’s january demand which called for a city by-law prohibiting strikebreaking, this latest document asked only that city council endorse the resolution and urge the provincial government to legislate against strike-breaking. Many members of city council had argued that it was beyond the jurisdiction of the municipality to pass such a by-law. Some also stated that the Labour relations act of Ontario gave‘ enough protection to workers. At the demonstration various speakers, including aldermen Honsberger and Mitchell, voiced their disapproval of strikebreakers. Mitchell, an active member of the labour movement, was pleased that “labour is showing this kind of solidarity” and’ referred to the Canadian Driver Pool as a “black spot on our industrial society.” Labour council president, Orville Thacker said, “Professional strike-breaking has got to be stopped.” A number of women workers from United Brewery Workers local 173 vigorously denounced a letter that the Dare management has sent to its employees urging them to return to work without a union. The letter promised a wage increase and protection on entering and leaving the plant. With the conclusion of the outside activities about 200 demonstrators were able to squeeze into
the council chamber. Thacker and Don Bott presented the resolution to council. Highly critical of the Kitchener police, Bott remarked that the force’s morale was down because it had the role of protecting CDP’s scab trucks and drivers. Alderman Cardillo who saw some of the external effects of the violence at the Dare plant, told the two labour leaders that violence must not be allowed on the picket line. . In a rebuttal, a member of the audience castigated council for permitting the police to escort CDP trucks on Highway 461, an area outside the force’s jurisdiction. His final statement to city council, “You clean up your side,” was greeted with an enthusiastic, sustained ovation. Alderman Mitchell presented a motion which called for an endorsement of the resolution by city council. He emphasized the importance of the resolution by using examples from Canadian labour history to show that strikebreaking always prefaced violence on the picket line. A typical anti-labour response came from alderman Chapman who stated that he would support the motion if the following proviso was added: union members, other than those on strike, would not be allowed- near the picket line. In effect, the qualification would break union solidarity among working people restricting them to purely local loyalties. ’ Mayor McLennan, in arguing against the resolution, utilized the old rationale of labour relations being a provincial matter. He justified the activities of the police by saying that law and order must be maintained.
rl Disapproving of Mr. Chapman’s amendment, one female Dare worker stated that local 173 asked for support from other unions because “we’re only women; we have to protect ourselves.” Professor Leo Johnson responded to the mayor’s words by stating that, “you keep weasling out by going back to the law and order issue. ” He went on to refute McLennan’s argument by saying that the ‘city council has made frequent representations on many other issues to the provincial government to change laws within its jurisdiction. Johnson remarked that to tell the people in the council chamber that the resolution should not be endorsed- because of provincial
jurisdiction was “simply not being truthful.” He exhorted the council to “be honest with the citizens of Kitchener.” Prolonged and lively applause strengthened the incisiveness of Johnson’s criticisms. A number of -council men questioned Johnson on labour legislation. In reply, he elaborated on the unjust injunction against local 173 of UBW and the nature of the Labour Relations Act which is balanced in favour of employers. Chapman proposed that the motion calling for ratification be deferred for two weeks to allow further research on the issue. Support came only from alderman Villemaire who stated that there was too much emotion in the
Terry Moore has not resigned. “I never had a chance to submit a letter of resignation. Officially, I didn’t resign,” commented Moore, president of the federation of students. There has been some confusion over this matter. Moore is reported to have ‘quit’ his position following students’ council’s refusal to continue funding cooperative student enterprises, a federation executive venture designed to generate jobs in areas beneficial to the general student population. C.O.S.E. is run in co-operation with the W.L.U. council. But it’s all been a matter of confusion, personality conflict, policy disagreement, name calling and feared conspiracey...all the things a healthy organization goes through at one time or another. Perhaps it’s been beneficial-Moore reports that he has returned with a new attitude. “I’m not going to take things as seriously as before,” he told the chevron. It’s a serious business, running a student federation. Tensions mount. “If you knew how many times people resign around here, you’d croak,” explains Moore. “It’s, like, one-a-day.”
--
present debate, implying that a proper vote could not be taken. In the subsequent voting, aldermen Mitchell, Honsberger , Wagner and Cardillo supported the labour council’s resolution. Mayor McLennan, alderwoman Macintosh and aldermen Chapman, Barron, Villemaire and Hoddle, a public relations man for BF Goodrich, were opposed to the motion. With bitter tastes in their mouths, people trudged out of the council chamber. Recognizing that most people attending were highly disappointed over the outcome of . the vote, Chairman Honsberger stated, “That’s how democracy works.” -mike
rohatynsky
It’s not an easy job when people won’t pitch in and help. Even council members seem to lack the enthusiasm to make the federation work., The spirit of co-operation and interest shows best in the executive offices where councillors are referred to as, “those bastards”. Not a word was heard from council as the C.O.S.E. program was being formulated. The halt announced by council on the student enterprises plan came as a complete surprise to Moore. Council instructed the executive to run an operation based on “political actionand education” rather than monetarily based schemes. This careful instruction is bound to make the job much less difficult for the executive who, not being able to rely on an active council, should have no trouble dictating policy unacceptable to everyone involved. But, on the surface, things are back to normal. Moore has returned, threatened resignations by other council members have not yet materialized and the official attitude toward the cooperative student ’ enterprises program around the executive offices is, ’ “we have nothing to do with it.. .council took it out of our hands.”
.
This week on campus is a free column for the announcement of meetings, spedal seminars or speakers, social events and other happenings on campus-student, faculty or staff. See the chevron secretary or call extension 233 I. Deadline .is tuesday afternoons by 3 i .m .
TODAY
WINIER N.Y. FILM CRITlCS AWARDS “lt k brlllla~ a~tour -de c orei, of extraordinary iImrgelr, music, words rnd tomllngr. ‘A Clock* I wark Orange’ is so beau. tlful to look at and to heat that It dazzlea the senses l d the mind?
Free pub from noon to midnight. Campus Center. Sponsored by Summer 72 Birth Control
Center
open loam-5pm
Victoria Park Island, Kitchener. Sponsored by Musicanada. Admission free.
WEDNESDAY Summer 72 boat races with Whiplash. The eng. sot. social team challenges all takers. Register from July 10 to July 12 at Eng Sot office. Members 50 cents; non-members $1.50. Festival room. 8: 30pm
Summer 72 canoe race from West Montrose to Bridgeport. Bicycle race around ring road. lpm
CC306. ext 3446 lxthus coffee house. Come for’ an evening of music, coffee, candlelight and conversation about important quest ions: love, life, God. 9pm CC free:
- Vtncent Canby+ New York Ttmes
Summer 72 boat race (on water) from Conestoga to Bridgeport. 12 noon. Sign up in Circle K office.
Meeting of K-W Women’s Coalition for repeal of abortion laws. All women welcome. 7:30pm HUM151
MONDAY Selections from the permanent collection ‘of Kitchener-Waterloo Art Gallery, London Public Library and Art Museum. 9-4 Art Gallery
Summer 72 free pub in campus center.” 12 noon to 6:30 pm
SATURDAY
Summer 72 folk pub. 8pm to midnight. members 25 cents; non-members 50 cents
Summer 72 car rally at Lot C 1O:Ol. Scrutineering 9-9:45am Summer 72 beach party at Columbia Lake with live band, skydivers and the Labatt’s balloon.
Learn pool.
Gay Liberation movement general meeting. Everyone welcome 8pm cc113
a,
Summer 72 Thi-Hi miniskirt dance with Homestead. 8:30pm Festival room. Members 75 cents; nonmembers $1.50; girls $1 minus 10 cents/inch above the knee.
Summer 72 pub with Major Hoople’s Festival Boarding House. 8: 30pm Room. Members 75 cents; nonmembers $1.50
Classified tis are accepted between 9 and 5 in the chevron office. See Charlotte. Rates are 50 cents for the first fifteen words and five cents each per extra word. Deadline is tuesday afiernoons by 3 p.m.
FOR SALE
LOST Pair of silver framed glasses with black arm tips and untinted glass. Has brown case probably lost on Columbia field, in *Village I or campus center. Hand over to security. $5 reward. S. Woodall
Original
soundtrack
ovoiloble
on
Warner
Bros.
2 SHOWS. NlGHtlY 7 & 9:20 MATINEE SAT. & SUN. 2 P.M.
Free List and Senior Citizens Cards Suspended for this Engagement
CAUTION: Certain material in this film, may offend some movie= goers. --A. Muoser,, Manager
Don’t you think we have been spectators in our own existence for too long? Let’s do something.
2 SHOWS NIGHTLY 7 &9:15 P.M. T. & SUN. 2 P.M.
OMAR.. JEAN-PAUL SMRIF BELMONDOCANNON l
Experienced anytime.
Saturday
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5:00 7:00 10:00
sunbay 3:00
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A subscription
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annual
student Send
fees address
entitles changes
U of promptly
of
-. Professional’s home near Kitchener library, farmers market. 10 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 2 furnished guest rooms. _ Large living room, fireplace. Den, wall bookcase. Dining room, breakfast nook. Kitchen, optional appliances. Sundeck. Private garden. Attached garage, side street parking. August 1, lease optional. 578-0728 or write 38 Markwood Drive, Kitchener.
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july 13
4:00 pm portugese hours 6:00 pm alan gough 8:00 pm dave heath 10:00 pm eric lindgren 12:00 pm shami dugal
3: 00 pm Scott gray
pm alan bevan the
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david bachmann ayres ron rogers art parsons brute Steele lawrence mcnaught
thursday Tuesday
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Wednesday
live coverage of the student council meeting john peplow news one hour gary stuebing gerry wooton
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the
typist.
884-13g3
DVAN
friday july 7
2 .86
monthly
All typing done efficiently and promptly. Call Mrs. Marion Wrig :I-It 745-1111 during office hours; 885-1664 evenings.
Need legal advice? Call Youth in Legal Difficulty 744-1641.
room in towne No restrictions. and equipment. Marion Wright. evenings 885-
I Two bedroom furnished apartment for rent. married students residence, free rent’ for remainder of july. $150
/’
TYPING
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AVAILABLE
Girl’s large double house available now. Full use of home Outdoor pool. Mrs Daytime 745-l 111; 1664:
105 mm, f-2.8 Vivitar lens and 300 mm, f-5.5 lens. For 50 and 85 dollars respectively including T-4 mounts. Call Gord at 885-1660.
Volunteers needed for Big Sisters ,and Summer Drop-In Center serving youth in downtown Kitchener-Waterloo. Phone 744-1711 and leave your name and number.
Records
HOUSING
Two story house on George Street, Waterloo. Newly listed 19th century residence, on a spacious treed lot. Solid red brick with 31’ x 14’ living room, 4 bedrooms, one and half, 4 outside porches. Asking $34,900 inspection by appointment only. Call Edward Rektor 578-1973 or 745-6131 representing Otto Smith & Co. Ltd, Realtor, Kitchener.
PERSONAL
S!or:q IJs’co’m t.1.Co.veil. Pa’: rk Ihgee . Adrienne Corri t31mJ c,rl It c’ no.~.’ b/ Ar4:l~ony Burgess. Produced and c’: I:,:. L hs Lt d c L :J + . From Warner Bros
Typing done efficiently on typewriter. Phone 884-i318.
Boys bicycle for sale 28 inches. Needs some repairs. $20 Phone 578-7729.
A’silver ring with RH engraved inside. Please contact Rosemary Heggie, Camp Columbia ext 3880.
Kubrlck ProductIon “A CLOCKWORK 0F)ANGE Mtrlam Karlln . Screenplay b) S!ar~lc~ KubrlcC.. Dtrected by Stanley Kubrlck . [,c~“‘,.c I’ ‘a.
Butterflies are Free by Leonard Gershe directed by Maurice Evans. Admission $1. Central Box office ext 2126. 8pm Theatre of Arts.
Circle K - Red Cross Blood Donor Clinic 3rd floor lounge MC. IO11:30am and 1:30-5pm
L chsied
and
7pm physed
THURSDAY
TUESDAY
A Slanley
program
Sailing Club will meet on Columbia Lake 6:30pm Instruction available for beginners. For further information call 745-3993.
SUNDAY Outdoor concert with Amish, Poverty Train, Mic Whitehorse, Delaney and Richard Taylor and Paulette and Joanne and Jamie and Jackie, Kramer MacDonald and Brubacher with Dexter Martin and Danny Kramer, John Constant. 2pm
to swim
$10
annually;
$4
per
term
-Waffle axed a-t Orillia’ In Orillia on june 24 the NDP provincial council voted 17 to 88 in favour of the (Riverdale) resolution which the existing c ade it clear that “the name ‘Waffle’, ‘structure, behaviour and public identity of the Waffle cannot continue.” The NDP, as Stephen Lewis believes,‘is no longer in its “untenable situation.” Whether the expulsion of the Waffle was a victory for Lewis remains to be seen. What does appear to be true, as Pauline Jewitt put it, is that “the word ‘socialism’ has been stretched a long way to the right.” The NDP council saw themselves between two conflicting polarizations. Trade unionists had decided it would be intolerable to maintain membership in the NDP if the Waffle was not permanently restrained in its public activities. The unions, along with Stephen Lewis, could not tolerate the Waffle’s attack on the NDP’s structure and policy, as well as on the “international” union’s shaky position in Canada. On the other hand, they believed a forced disbandment of the Waffle would deprive the NDP of many dedicated individuals as well as drive out many members who valued the dissent and continued debate on the party’s meaning of socialism. The first situation requires expanding. Of the 305 registered delegates, 109 were from union locals. In June 1970, at the Ottawa provincial council meeting,, the party leadership pushed through recommendations which approximately tripled the number of union representatives to the council and to conventions. In many cases these delegates are either paid international representatives or local officials, seldom elected. Often, their primary allegiance is to the U.S.-run “international.” This explains, in part, why, when Lewis spoke to place his support behind the Riverdale resolution, he brought dozens of the delegates to their feet in applause. To further the melodrama, Lewis staked his leadership on this resolution’s passage. The Riverdale proposition, introduced as a “moderate alternative to the official report”, was seen by party president Gordon Vichert as being “an advance on the executive recommendation.” The executive, report from Vichert, John Brewin and Gerald Caplan, after a preamble filled with criticisms of the Waffle and its behaviour, concluded with this recommendation: “It is contrary to the spirit and meaning of the constitution of the NDP for members to participate actively in a group organized on a continuing basis for the expressed purpose of securing fundamental changes in the strategies, structure, leadership, policies and principles of the party. The Waffle has become such a group and must therefore be dissolved as soon as possible.” ( Party moderates, seeking a compromise, made it plain several weeks ago they would not endorse the executive report, while trade unionists sought a hardened recommendation. Eventually this led to the creation of several resolutions. The Beaches-Woodbine resolution, proposed by MP Andrew Brewin and riding president Bruce Kidd, ‘specifically outlawed public criticism but stated that
It is easy to manipulate people who are of like mind to the manipulator and want what he wants. And so on a rainy afternoon. on the 24th of june in Orillia, the NDP executive pulled the rug out from underneath the Waffle and in effect castrated the relationship of that group to the New Democratic Party. The people who were manipulated by the ,executive were the centre-some of whom, with the aid of ‘the Riverdale riding Association’s recommendation, maintained the substance of the executive proposal that would have executed the -Waffle, prettied it up and proclaimed that the wafflers should be eunuchs and allowed to live within the group. The Waffle was and is no real threat to the cohesiveness of the NDP. Neither the Waffle’s existence nor even their speeches ever made a difference as to whether .or not a NDP candidate got elected. U. of W. political science professor John Wilson wrote in the Globe and Mail: “The fact is that almost every member of the public who regards the Waffle as an embarrassment to r the NDP. is a pretty solid supporter of one of the other parties *who would never consider voting NDP in any circumstances. As the leading strategists of the party well know, it cannot seriously be claimed that the Waffle is an electoral problem for the NDP.” Thus the Waffle is no real threat-the people who vote NDP do so whether or not the waffle makes a fuss. The idea has been put forward that the Waffle has done more in recent years to bring voters to the NDP than any other single factor. It is the Waffle that has been
, groups could “exist within the party for the purpose of discussing policy. ’ ’ A resolution from Carleton East affirmed “the right of like-minded people within the NDP to form a caucus, but any informal group within the party’ should accept majority decisions of the party.” The Peterborough resolution offered the NDP an option to be worked out through a continuing process of negotiation and a wider polling of opinion throughout the party. None of these proposals received wide endorsation from the Waffle, or the trade unions. Trade unionists demanded the party stay with the uncompromising executive report. And rather than fight the union demands, Waffle leaders made conciliatory overtures to the trade unions, showing they felt some retraints on their behaviour were necessary. For provincial delegates speaking in favour. of the Riverdale resolution, Ed Broadbent (Oshawa-Whitby) capsulized that particular group’s feeling in giving the reasons for it being a “reasonable and democratic proposal.” As he described the resolution: “It recognizes the primacy of the NDP as being one political party. It recognizes the right of any group within the party to organize and change the work done within the party. However, there is one restriction for these groups,; they must work within the party, and no public activity must be permitted or else disciplinary action (expulsions) must be implemented.” Pauline Jewitt, the NDP’s recruit from the Liberals, felt that “all these resolutions, even the most recent statements of the Waffle, are really too conservative.” She was one of a handful of non-members of the Waffle to speak against the executive’s “purge motion.” Her en-, thusiasm was best placed on the heart of the matter, saying that, “any attempt to tell groups within the party that they must not express their dissent from party policy except in private just won’t work. We should have as much freedom as we possibly can for groups within the
putting forward controversial programs at the conventions. It is the Waffle that brought alive the debate concerning the forging of socialism in this country if the NDP are ever elected. And it is the Waffle that has brought back the word ‘socialism“ to the NDP and have given it substance within the party. Therefore the only conclusion that can be arrived at for the purge of the Waffle is ‘expediency’. No matter how much one points to factors which attempt to excuse the machinations of the executive and those involved in writing the Riverdale resolution--such as not wanting to have to deal with a ‘party within a party’-it still comes out as vulgar expediency; principles just get in the way of pragmatism. The pragmatism within the party derives from an untenable alliance between certain ruling families, trade unionists, and sundry intellectuals. This form of brokerage politics reveals itself in every program the NDP puts forward. The diversity of interests force each program to be so diluted in order to ‘please’ everyone that the byword now representing the NDP is ineffectual. In 1933 the NDP, then known as the CCF, was first formed, and as a declaration of principle, the party had written up and accepted a document called the Regina manifesto. Eventually, due to pressure from the press and right wing elements -within the party the Regina Manifesto was shelved and a more “acceptable”, though less rigorous document, the Winnipeg manifesto, was presented and adopted by the party in 1944 in Winnipeg. During 1961 the CCF changed its name to the New Democratic Party and put aside
party and let them call themselves what they like.” Speeches from Wafflers MelWatkins, Jim Laxer, Bruce ‘Kidd, Jackie Larkin, and non-Waffler Jewitt, were greeted with loud and prolonged applause from several hundred observers in the~au&orium, but stirred few of the delegates. Mel Watkins and Jim Laxer, after shooting for a salvation compromise,‘made it clear that the rest of the debate would be anticlimactic. Interest in and support for Waffle strength quickly dissipated as the executive heavies and strong Riverdale supporters poured to the ,microphones, their speeches arousing nearly all union delegates and representatives to loudly call for the question. Laxer and Watkins said nearly the same thing, but in different words. Watkins told the council “the compromise solution is a can of worms.” He saw one part of the party saying that the decision would keep the Waffle members as a vital part of the main party, while another was saying it provided the tool to get rid of the Waffle. Laxer, runner-up in the federal leadership election in 1971, spoke in a rambling fashion. He suggested everyone take a closer look at the Peterborough resolution because it ~ would “let us set aside both the status quo and executive report which are unacceptable.” Interestingly enough, at a Waffle caucus meeting an hour later, Laxer felt “very angry about the kind of role that the socalled centre group, that brought forward this resolution, played in pulling the chestnuts out of the fire for the executive.” Finally he talked about the practical and immediate situation that faces the Waffle; whether what he said will be instituted remains to be seen. “What I think we have to do”, he described, “is to plan, and deliberate, and bring together the biggest and most representative1 and best province-wide conference this organization has ever prepared. We must have a firm understanding that we will not be disbanded to the winds, that we will remain ‘together and decide our strategy collectively; and that ikind of conference can best be the vehicle for that beginning of the next stage of our existence.” The Waffle had been given no chance to prove the sinlcerity of their offer to work within the party if ac‘commodation could be reached. Now there is the possibility that former Waffle members will not be allowed a meaningful identification and sufficient resources to marshal support in intra-party policy debates. ’ In its search for an immediate solution, the majority of, (the NDP council sided with the executive’s belief that the legitimacy of a socialist viewpoint was being badly distorted by the Waffle’s “sense of divine inspirations about the workings of society.” Council wanted to have some guidelines because “it didn’t know when it would be forced to endure this kind of fratricide again.” All this occurred because, in reality, Stephen Lewis lfears any form of democratic radicalism. +gord
photo by brian cere
the Winnipeg manifesto, on the grounds ‘that that document was also too radical for the public to accept. Now, in 1972, the Riverdale resolution has been passed, silencing the left in the party (to quote Steven Lewis) “forever”. The NDP has consistently sold its principles out since the party began in 1933. Any political group that wants principled change is only able to maintain such a stand as long as they do not become institutionalized. The moment the group becomes parliamentary oriented however, it worries about its ‘image’-the search, after all, is now for’ power.. Power tends to corrupt and the search for power corrodes the principles a party may have at one time stood for, and eventually will come to nullify all that was once going to be attempted. The reasons -are quite easy to understand: by weeding out all those who refuse to budge on their principles, and by continuously compromising objectives, the very people who once represented what was originally being fought against, find the party acceptable and are even brought into it. The very words of the delegates at the NDP convention labeled the aims and party as purely nature of the Machiavellian. Their search is for power to implement certain restricted aims, which is of course no worse than any of the other two ‘major parties, but certainly no better. This country does not need a third right-of-centre liberal party. Given the present nature of the NDP and how they have reacted towards the Waffle, the question that comes to mind is: why would the Waffle want to continue to stay within the bounds of the NDP?
moore
The answer is as varied as the number ,of people within the Waffle. There are those in the Waffle who are as opportunistic as the most ambitious of politicians and who attempt to use the Waffle as a stepping stone to power. But for the most part, the rank and file members, and some leaders, need the party or rather the concept of, in order to mentally and party, emotionally anchor themselves. Without the NDP to attend to their psychic needs, (it does that simply by existing and, maintaining a facade of principle) by offering them purpose to their life, they are afraid that they as individuals would dissolve into a meaningless, nondescript existence. There are a mtiItitude of groups represented in the waffle; trots, maoists, CLF, women’s liberation and a number of others. These belong to their own group as well as to the waffle and of course to the NDP. . The reason for the tri-political amance is because they have a neurotic dread of not belonging to the vanguard (political) that will lead the masses and show the proletariat the correct way. These groups are especially detrimental to the Waffle for they not only bring into the organization the contradictions within their own sectarian groupings, but compound the contradictions within the Waffle. The brokerage politics which the Waffle fights within the party is overtly obvious within the Waffle as well. Another major contradiction within the Waffle is that they do not have any connection with the people they would like to represent and about whom they consistently speak-that ever elusive working class. -mel
,friday
7 july
1972
(13:8)
rotman
87
3
’
-Rowdyman boisterous .and- exhilarating.
.
Gordon Pinsent, as Will Cole, is ‘The Rowdyman. His roughish laughter, intentionally sustained during the opening t scenes in Newfoundland, captures your free spirit and holds it til the end. The original ..screenplay, which uses firmly drawn but urn-dimensional characters, was written by Pinsent and describes the escapades of an unrefined, easy-going man. This man doesn’t make things happen-he’s happy enough and sees nothing wrong with his life, while others are envious of his spirit or sorry for the waste of the man. Raised in Grand Falls, Nfld., Pinsent at one time did a short stint in a papermill, the same job Will Cole has in The Rowdyman. The movie took two years of Pinsent’s life, including seven months for shooting and nine months looking for financing. Eventually it was backed by the Canadian Film Development Corporation and Agincourt Films, with the agreement that two American actors have lead roles. The Rowdyman was admirably directed, for a Canadian movie at any rate, by Peter Carter. Edmund Long, as director of photography, relied on and profitted from the angular landscape, heavily clouded skies and colourful Newfoundland towns. The quality of photography is inconsistent though, with many scenes being unnecessarily overexposed. In addition, some shooting locations were used repetitively, although some people may feel this helps create a familiarity among the characters, landscape and towns. Yet as a whole the
movie shows a relatively sensitive awareness of life on the island, from the bars and papermills to the enchanting harbours and coves. The story opens with an anonymous town’s police chief chasing a laughing Will Cole out of a bar and through the damp streets of the night. Re is finally apprehended for what appears to be “unruly conduct”. By the time Will escapes from custody (for the second time), along with the aid of his best friend Andrew Scott (Frank Converse), we are sincerely affected by Will’s free spirit. The rest of the movie will captivate you with Will’s lifestyle, which means “getting out every now and then and having a good laugh.” For instance, in order to find some more of the good times, Will heads off for St. John’s all the while playing out his role as the womanizer whenever opportunity arises. The contemplative and idealistic side of Will is seen for the first time in St. John’s, Will visits Stan (Will Greer) , an old friend confined to a wheelchair, who “made the rounds of this island a hundred times or more.” Greer plays his role with sparkling ingenuity while talking about how he spent his life seeking happiness and pleasure. Yet, realizing he is near death, Stan wonders if he should have stayed with the woman he still cherishes in the few letters he has kept. 1In ‘talking about his island experiences, Stan is clearly meant to reinforce Will’s ideals and dreams. When Andrew is to be married, Will is
CROSSING YOUR FINGERS IS
I
:
NOT
supposed to be his best man, but arrives too late for the ceremony because of his antics the night before. Andrew somberly remarks, “I think it’s time you grew up now.” Andrew spends a hilariously memorable honeymoon night in the town’s Holiday Inn, but is killed in the papermill’s huge rollers a short time later in a mishap with Will. Tragedy and disheartenment effectively take over the picture’s mood as Will prepares for the funeral which he can not force himself to attend. Out of a job and without friends, Will spends a great deal of time contemplating his life and the friends he’d loved who have now died. He goes to see his would-be girlfriend, Ruth, competently portrayed by Linda Goranson. For a time she is in love with Will, but he will only go so far as to say “we’re friends, for God sake....good old Ruth, sometime just once we should put in a little time together.” In seeing Ruth he hopes to find peace within himself. He understands that “she wanted to see me but I haven’t had time til now,” but finds that Ruth has been transferred to a job in Toronto. Later Ruth returns, this time with news of her- wedding plans. Will, still -desperately inside himself, responds cynically to Ruth and humiliates her as he tries to talk about “the old times and what they meant,” also saying “you’re going to stay with me tonight, eh.” After Ruth rebukes him,- Will haughtily says, “I don’t need anyone. You can be content enough by yourself; if you’re
-
not, what’s the difference?” Yet early the next morning Will is determined to interfere with Ruth and her fiance,‘s 1departure for Toronto. Along the route to her house he talks to himself: “Who’s Roy?... what she wants is some milkfaced ass-hole from Toronto.. ..as far as I’m concerned there are too many Roy’s around.. . .let’s see if she’ll kiss him with no teeth up front.” Arriving at Ruth’s Will is too exhausted to do Roy any harm, and ends up smashing his own hand against the couple’s “getaway car”. As they drive away, Ruth is the only one who understands Will has returned to his own world, the only one in which he can be free. We know he will continue to live for the present and believe the women are there for the choosing. Altogether, The Rowdyman is a roller coaster of emotions moving subtly but quickly. When Pinsent is truly the rowdyman he is a bundle of mischief, love and charm, all of which provide a characteristic flow to the quick pace of events. The Rowdyman is by turns sad, funny, tragic and poignant. What makes it so exhilarating is Pinsent himself; Will’s loud, country laughter ringing in the cool, dark and misty street will rest in your mind. The other characters go almost undeveloped and the story line is weak, but Pinsent’s boisterous performance is enough to carry the movie all by itself.
The Psychology Department is looking for male undergraduates ’ to participate in an experiment. Subjects will be paid for their time. For more, information phone local 2813 or 579-1373
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moore
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jocktalk Six. courts-
under
l
JULY 13,14,&
BY
LEONARD
I construction
again with the Waterloo tennis club. The university, however, is looking after the construction of the courts until completion. Just how the fifty per cent time allotment to the university will be divided up is not yet decided but may be divided into total hours of play with restricted times, or could. be divided up according to number of courts; for example, use of three courts at all times or use of all courts only half the time. The
The construction of six new tennis courts in what was once the west end-zone of Seagram stadium and behind the clubhouse of the Waterloo Tennis Club got under way last week, with a completion date slated for early august. Construction follows government approval of a joint proposal submitted last fall by the University of Waterloo and the tennis club. The capital costs are funded by a government grant on the basis of combined usage between the university and the community. At present, although exact details have not been worked out, the arrangement is for a fifty per cent usage by the university and a fifty per cent usage by the community. In this case the Waterloo tennis club is using the fifty per cent community time. The six tennis courts will be arranged in pairs running north and south from behind the Waterloo club house and extending approximately to the bleachers of the stadium. The two closest courts to the clubhouse will be covered with a fabric bubble which will make playing times available during the winter months. A covered tunnel will connect the courts to the change rooms in the clubhouse. These will be thefirst permanent indoor courts in the twin cities and again playing times will be allotted on a fifty-fifty basis between the tennis club and the university. The courts will be constructed with an ashphalt base and a rubberised surface. Once the courts have been completed, operational costs will be shared on a fifty-fifty basis
Seagram stadium takes on a new look as well as a new sport, sinde the construction has begun. Scoreboard for stadium is in foreground at left with the Waterloo tennis
15 - 8:OO P.M. A ,brightly comical play about a young man who finds love with a deliciously hip young girl in spite of his domineering mother
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Several current and exiwarrior track and field athletes will be competing in the summer Olympic trials to be held july22 and 23. The Canadian trials are being held at Birchmount stadium in Scarborough. Preliminaries will be held Saturday, with finals running Saturday night and continuing sunday afternoon and evening. Many of Canada’s top athletes will be there competing for spots on the Olympic team.
of six new tennis courts clubhouse at right.
OFY project
Musicanada Over the past few years a number of good bands playing their own music came from this area but were soon forced to break up. They found that if they didn’t want to play commercial music, copied from well-known artists, they could not make a living. Consequently groups either rarely had the chance to play their own songs or they were unable to continue playing together due to a lack of monw and support. People rarely had the chance to hear original artistic work. This situation has led i% the development of musicanada, a project sponsored by opportunities for youth, to bring out the original music of Kitchener-Waterloo, London, Hamilton and St. Catherines. The method of ex-
promotes
concbrts
posing this music will ‘be a series of concerts which will enable musicians who are writing their own material to play in each of the four major areas. The project coordinators are: Jeff Beckner, who was the managing coordinator of the now defunct tunnel inn coffee house in Kitchener ; Terry le Blanc, guitarist, violinist and composer ; and Jonathan Kramer, song writer and musician. They feel that these concerts will provide musicians the opportunity to more fully express themselves. They also hope that people will become aware of the talent in their area and the support needed for it to be developed. The cludes
job of the organizers intravelling to each area to
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Squash
*
Presented by the University Central
Varsity tennis coach, Gary Buckly feels that the use of the courts for the varsity team will mean a greater interest and that the caliber of play should improve greatly. He felt that it will now be possible to train the team
throughout the winter, and that perhaps a varsity tournament could be held during the winter Sandy Morgan, last years months. It may be possible now varsity squash coach, received a also to set up a regular intramural tennis program, an activity that ’ ninth ranked position in Canada in men’s veteran squash standings has been in much demand during for the year 197273. Morgan is the past several years. Hopefully, however, this is only a ranked number two in Ontario. This is the first time that a local start for the university and that squash player has received a more courts of our own will be built national ranking. to accomodate the interest shown in this sport.
Olympic
GERSHE
of the Arts
university time will then be further divided among the varsity tennis program, skills classes, intramurals and general free time for students and staff, or faculty.
At least two university of Waterloo student athletes received grants in aid from the federal -government. The grants total 1,890 dollars each and are on the condition that the athletes return to school in the fall. Dennis McGann and George Neeland, both competing in track and field, were awarded the grants. The total number of grants awarded for the coming academic year is 464.
Directed by Maurice Evans
Theatre
”
locate talent, finding places to hold the concerts that will not cost / money, promoting their program, and arranging, advertising, and producing each individual concert. The difficulty of their job is increased by the need to stretch the’ very limited grant money to cover a great number of expenses. The first musicanada concert will be this Sunday, july 9 at 2 pm on Victoria Park Island just west of downtown Kitchener. Performing will be: Amish, Whitehorse, Mick Delaney with Richard Taylor and Paulette and Joanne and Jamie and Jackie, Poverty Train, Kramer, Mat Donald and Brubacher with Dexter Martin and Danny Kramer and John Constant. Admission is free. Musicians who are writing their own material and are interested in playing at any of these concerts, or . anyone else with any further information, suggestions or questions are invited to write to musicanada, 14 ahrens st. west, ,Kitchener or phone 742-0626.
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7 july
1972 (13:8)
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feed lack Response to Dare coverage I work at Dare Foods and would like to thank you and everyone on the Chevron for the very good articles you printed about our strike. The K-W Record’s coverage was skimpy and pro-company, besides having things wrong and mixedup. But that’s what we expect from newspapers and radio stations owned by C.M. Pollack and J. Motz, who are neighbors of C.M. Dare in Westmount. Keep up the good work, and thanks again. *. a dare worker PS. If you don’t have to use my name, don’t--the company will give us trouble when we go back if our names are in a newspaper article. But if the name is needed, what the hell, go ahead and print it. We will all be in trouble with the company for other things anyway.
Applications
Address letters to feedback, the chevron, U of W. Be concise. The chevron reserves the right to shorten letters. Letters must be typed on a 32 charac ter lihe. For legal reasons, jet ters must be signed with cpurse year and phone number. A pseudonym will be printed if you have a good reason.
>
Prison
I read your issue about the Dare strikebreaking strike and generally with great interest. It is such a pleasure for us to read an article which portrays the ,situation as we see it. I, myself, have been down to the picket lines at Gidon & Kenroc, both steelworker strikes in Toronto. Gidon is still on. CDP has been deeply involved in both strikes which of course has had the effect of protracting them unnecessarily. Our Labour Council and others, and the O.F.L. have called for an terry meagher end to professional strikebreaking. secretary-treasurer To accomplish this goal, we need Ontario federation of labour the support ,of the community. Unfortunately the public cannot I’d like to thank you for all the get a Tomplete picture from the work you have done for Dare large dailies or the TV which employees during the strike. I means we have our work cut out really enjoyed your article on our for us. strike. It gave the truth for a Your issue is being circulated change. throughout many unions. The Thanks again. president Pauline breen --_e.of the kedpath local was delighted to see it.
I wish to congratulate your paper for excellent reporting in regard to the Dare strike in your June 9th issue. It is refreshing to see a reporter take the trouble to investigate working conditions and tell it like it really is. In so far as C.D.P. is concerned, to read the daily press you would hardly think they existed. Your paper has provided an excellent public service by exposing’ this organization.
for the paid position of
NEWS EDITOR of the chevron will be accepted until july 21, 1972
labour
laurel macdowell research co-ordinator council of metropolitan toronto
On behalf of me and a group of girls of Dare’s strikers we wish to thank you for the coverage of the strike. It must of taken you hours of hard work and research to print the truth about our strike. Sincere thanks, Pauline moser
I have read with great interest your issue of June %h, 1972 in respect to the Dare strike and wish to commend you for the excellent publication of a very important trend developing in the area of collective bargaining. I particularly appreciate the fact that you did not, as is usually the case, suggest how issues such as this can be resolved. Normally the academic community, wh?n they deal with rhatters ,of this kind, “advises” the labour movement of how wrong we act in such situations. You refrain from such a course which makes it unique and is appreciated that much more. Realistically the problems facing secondary manufacturing workers today in what we tend to call industrial ghettoes of our Province are very complex. It becomes more difficult to deal with them when the whole force of law is on the other side helping employers to exploit, in the most discriminatory manner, groups that are in an under-privileged position in our society. Immigrants, women, native people, etc. are all suffering from this kind of slant. Thank you very much for your very valid contribu‘tion in enlightening some of the academic community to the existing problem. labour
council
correspondent
I am currently confined at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, Ohio and while going through a list of underground newspapers I saw yours listed. Being a former resident of Waterloo I was immediately, interested in your publication. What I am writing for is to see if you would send me a sample copy of your paper so I can see what it’s like, and also to see if you could include my following message iri your next addition if you have space in your classified section. b Also I would appreciate it if you would let me know the cost of the paper yearly and if you have a special rate for prisoners. Any consideration and information that you can give me in this matter I’ll appreciate very much. Thanking you in advance. I I would like to correspond with anyone who wishes to write and is interested in brightening a man’s stay in prison. I am black, and twenty-nine years old. I would like to hear from anyone who is sincere; race or sex no barrier. All letters answered. Address letters to: thomas
w. bond 127-135 box 511 columbus, ohio 43216
louis lenkinski of metropolitan toronto
Applications should be sent to the editor of the chevron. The term of news editor begins September 1, 1972 and ends May 1, 1973 ’
Experience necessary in news and feature writing, copy editing, layout, and basic grammar.
,member: canadian university press (CUP) and underground press syndicate (UPS), subscriber: liberation news service (LNS), Last Post News Service (LPNS), and chevron inte.rnational news service (CINS), the chevron is a newsfeature tabloid published offset fifty-two times a year (197172) by the federation of students, incorporated, university of Waterloo. Content is the responsibility of the chevron staff, independent of the federation and the university administration. Offices in the campus center ; ‘phone (519) 885-1660 or university local 2331; telex069-5248.
,
Stanley
CLOCKbegins as a Surrealist’ Playboy S/M cartoon, but soon loses its Boobs and Violence, futuristic surface to become a more conventional pseudo-scientific tickle in the intellectual groin. By the time it ends you’ve seen inhumanity from two ends, with a prison as the middle. Bold strokes of color set in writhing violent ballet to Beethoven.
WORK
Kubrick’s
ORANGE
CLOCKWORK ORANGE is technically very good. Indeed, Stanley Kubrick seems to be a perfectionist in this regard, and if you go to see the show you won’t be bored for a lack of lense-work, technique, and cinematic pyrotechnique. * CLOCKWORK ORANGE is a glossy Hollywood production, nice
in parts. If you go to see it as you buy a magazine--to be entertained--then you probably won’t be disappointed. Mr. Hollis Alpert of The Saturday Review reviewed this film and ended his review referring to Stanley Kubrick as another Bergman or Fellini. I think this is either blindness or bullshit on Mr. Alpert’s part. Stanley Kubrick is more a technical perfectionist than Fellini, more an intellectual manipulator than Bergman, and probably more of a businessman than either of them. CLOCKWORK , ORANGE, however, fails to stir an unmanipulated (unmasturbated) emotion. Compared to Bergman or Fellini, Stanley Kubrick is a playboy. tom foster
summer
circulation
8,500
First off, two corrections are in order from the june 23 issue. local 793 of the campuS painter’s was incorrectly tagged as being local 158. also, david hedley, one of the painters’ supervisors, has been on qampus for a number of years and not just two months as previously reported. it seems our friend hedley was lost in the universitiy’s bureaucratic workings, but no more. the little limelight we cast on mr. hedley supposedly has helped in solving a few of the painters’ difficulities. bar-room conversation : in case you didn’t know _already, the elephant is the only animal that cannot jump. but it is also the only animal that has been taught to stand on its head. and for political scientists we have the following tidbit: according to the rugsian magazine Sputnik, when karl marx was living in london he received the following letter from his leipzig publisher: “dear herr doctor: you are already 18 months behind time with the manuscript of Das Kapital, which you have agreed to write for us. if we do not receive the manuscript within six months, we shall be obliged to commission another writer to do this work.” closer to home we find Weston’s bakeries ltd. distributing a booklet called know canada better. the booklet misspells john a. macdonald and wilfrid laurier and gets the names of a number of cities wrong. it also awards the 1923 nobel prize to the wrong man, but it does give the correct date for the founding of Weston’s biscuits. not wanting to be outdone by private industry, the federal government has issued a gljide book for hitch-hikers. the pamphlet contains maps which place dalhousie, new brunswick in quebec; Sydney, nova Scotia is 300 miles from where it should be; and most of the city maps are inaccurate. recently the federal revenue department released its statistical analysis of 1970 income tax returns filed last spring. the quebec north shore shipping town of sept-iles has emerged with record average personal incomes, 8,102 dollars for 8,165 taxpayers, displacing the rich Ontario communities of oakville and sarnia. oakville, ,with 24,950 taxpayers, reported average incomes of 8,068 dollars; sarnia averaged 7,694 dollars with 31,094 taxpayers. sept-iles moved from twelfth to first since the last analysis. all of which means a lot of things which are not easily discernable. ah well, this week the following pifflers poofed: ron colpites, liz willick, chuck stoody, gord moore, ellen tolmie, david cubberley, mel rotman, mike rohatynsky, tony defranco, brian cere, brute Steele; randy hannigan, gary robins, mart roberts, peter warrian, heather Webster, paul stuewe, and a lot of dead bears at king and erb. gm. /
friday
7 july
1972
(13:8)
91
7
.
“What’s it going to -be then, ,eh?”
.
Contemporary media distorts far more than it reports; this is nowhere more evident than in the way it genially uses butchery and terror-in the contextually-lacking reports of seemingly purposeless violence which clutter our lives. The constant combination of what is made to appear ‘senseless’ and ‘violent’ is little ‘more than a financially rewarding method of interrupting and perversely spicing the boredom of- everyday life. A Clockwork Orange, easily the most acclaimed film in North America this year, attempts to make a religion of just this syndrome. Under the skilled direction of Stanley Kubrick (2001, c Paths of Glory, Dr. Strangelove), a wizard of film technique, all the scathing intensity of casual violence is repeatedly enacted upon the audience. Almost as an af. terthought, as if to legitimize the brutal experience to which 1 he subjects .his audience, Kubrick picks up the slender ’ thread of social questions which enjoyed some prominence in Anthony Burgess’ novel. Schematically Orange is the protracted chronicle of j young Alex, a drawling, dudish, cockney tough who moves ’ menacingly and sensually through numerous acts of “ultraviolence” with his three friends. Alex, whom Kubrick intentionally renders amiable, almost witty, even charming at times, is an amalgam of brutal urges that combine, usually to the accompaniment of some Beethoven tid-bit, to gratify him with his share of the ‘oceanic feeling’. Alex is no oddball cracking under intolerable pressure; he is ‘a connoisseur of Police Gazette style behaviour, a devotee who addresses himself to spontaneous violence as if it were an anti-art. Kubrick cleverly draws his audience into an iden, tification with Alex who, as our unassuming and later misused narrator, unfolds this rumination through the nowintermingling worlds of love and hate, of good and bad. At heart, for Kubrick, there is a grand lesson to be drawn from his parable of violence, which is why he so intensely turns his skill towards dragging his audience through the con-, tradictory emotions of revulsion and harmony. Alex, in Burgess’ novel,- was a medium through which : concerns about the direction of technological society could be raised. UnderKubrick’s sway, Alex serves as little more than a tool for his own understanding of the world. Kubrick suggests his intent was to “try and see the violence from , Alex’s point of view, to show that it was great fun for him, the happiest part of his life, that it was like some great action ballet.” Yet Alex isn’t any old misfit-he’s meant to represent us all, or at least that part of us that Kubrick “Alex represents natural man in takes to be human nature: t the state in which he is born, unlimited, unrepressed.” Again, for Kubrick, those ambivalent feelings you are subjected to as you act out Alex’s charade with him aren’t meant to be taken lightly, as some technical byproduct: “You identify with Alex because you recognize yourself. It’s for this reason that some people become uncomfortable.” Do we really see in Alex what we don’t like to admit about ourselves? The point is moot and hinges directly on Kubrick’s view of man; we recognize ourselves only to the degree that we accept his metaphysics: “Man isn’t a noble savage, he’s an ignoble savage. He is irrational, brutal, weak, silly, unable to be objective about anything where his own interests are involved... I’m interested in the brutal and violent nature of man because it’s a true picture of 1 him.” As with Orange as a whole this superficially accurate view lacks only a context to give it meaning. Alex is a
8 92
the
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’
hybrid concoction, an unlikely synthesis of elements which reside in varying degree throughout the society we live in ; however, as in newspaper reportage, we are given no background, no history, no hint of a development upon which to base an understanding of Alex. He is prefabricated; to be moved by Orange is to take him as is, to watch and be influenced by his future as it magically unfolds. For Kubrick civilization appears as horrible but not entirely to be blamed for the cruelty of man; man has a natural, innate reservoir of evil within him. Each of us’ contains hidden corners, secretive places where raging, passions clamour for expression. In this light Alex is no more than a particular expression of all of those nasty tendencies, upsetting in the extreme inasmuch as it is a guiltless self-indulgence. Kubrick intends Alex as a tantalizing warning-the evil within, lurking constantly behind the scenes, spills forth in any event. The only check is to live self-consciously within its presence, to build our behaviour around it rather than to try to hide it away. Indeed Kubrick will argue against “the Utopian View” which advocates a turning away from the horrors of a bankrupt society and its politics, and a naive trust in the destruction “of all authority so that man in his natural goodness may emerge. ” For him man has no natural goodness; only evil exists as a given. Even that is less a product of some capacity to choose, a freedom if you will, than something which is simply there. In the face of this Kubrick’s answer can be no more than a thinly disguised Christian platitude, a sort of continence in the face of the grosser temptations. Alex’s betrayal by his chums, the ensuing imprisonment and a release obtained by submitting to the Ludovico treatment form the arena into which the intellectual content of the film is sneaked. Admittedly the Ludovico affair, a modern behavioural therapy designed to decondition violent urges, permits the Burgess-Kubrick marriage to sport its excellence at caricature and parody. Kudos go to both the chief guard and the minister of the interior, biting satirizations of the traditional authority figures, who Lby their very nature push us closer to Alex; Kubrick uses the Ludovico business to slap the wrists of would-be Skinnerians. What appears is not so much a refutation of the possibility of human control through scientific conditioning as a graphic portrayal of the moral repugnance of such a technique. In the film the conditioning fails, not because Alex isn’t deconditioned but rather because once he is made safe for civilization it is no longer safe for him. The remnant of the movie is a wind down of the “retributive justice” foisted on a now-passive Alex by his former victims. In the end the Ludovico affair, while remaining an interesting and certainly technically profound statement, fails as a consideration of the Skinnerian question by succumbing to elements within the behavioural mystique. To criticize effectively the onus is on the artist to introduce contexts and meanings which the object criticized either neglects or obscures. In Orange this never occurs for the, social setting within which and through which behavioural engineering becomes a possible, indeed for some a need, is never laid bare; this essential circularity, this lack of any grounding permeates every aspect of Orange and in this instance leads us back to the waiting arms of Alex who, by dint of the manipulative nature of-all of the characters, comes to represent a kind of sullied but nevertheless free . will.
The’Ludovico types, those calm, grey-suited cartoons of modern social scientists, are presented as simply one more pocket of social evil. Kubrick maintains: “I like to believe that Skinner is wrong, and that what is sinister is that this philosophy may serve as the intellectual basis for some sort of scientifically oriented repressive government. ” One hates to dampen any of Kubrick’s sincere concern yet Skinner’s recent work is only the most recent version of an old thesis; further there are many current instances of the style of government which Kubrick fears only as a future possibility. Understanding these things would require searching out their roots, not merely dressing their more immediately frightening aspects. Just here Kubrick’s tattered liberalism is painfully evident. The posing of the determinist question remains a sensational pastiche of an important social issue. In effect Kubrick integrates the film’s movement within the very outlook he seeks to criticize; for him it is unnecessary to display this outlook within the tradition through which it emerges, for what is desired is not understanding but shocking effect, a panoramic. replica of his own paranoia. Kubrick’s appeal remains a de-historicized, a-social sensory bombardment which seeks, in effect, to stimulusresponse his audience to the social awareness in which he believes-hristian liberalism. The futuristic aspects of Orange, trotted out publicly as a rationale for the film’s excesses, are also a sham. Burgess felt that “If Orange, like 1984, takes its place as one of the salutary literary warnings.. .against flabbiness, sloppy thinking, and overmuch trust in the State, then it will have done something of value.” Under Kubrick the thin possibility of this intent is frustrated. Orange does not take place in the future despite the claims; the goverment, its manipulative approach to a citizenry with some control, the press, the jails, everyone in the film is a doctored version of what currently exists. Orange is now, the present-yet it is not the present as we live it, nor as it is outside our particular view of it. It is a now which is ’ abstracted, scrambled, reassembled and filtered through a lens of Christian horror at the direction of life, of a liberal belief in the possibility of truly pluralistic institutions, and finally pitched violently back at us in resplendent cinematic artistry. Kubrick manipulates - us to. his conclusions using everything from op-art dildos to the slippery conceptual ease of Burgess’ Nadsat street language. It is this manipulation which renders Orange insidious and affords it a place as the pop counterpart to Straw Dogs. The artist inevitably works with, through and upon the imagination, for him a fertile base from which to recast what currently exists. Without being moral we can say that there exists within that endeavor a certain artistic responsibility, one which Kubrick puts aside. He explains the unhappy, bewildered response of his audience thus: “they reacted emotionally, which is of course the level upon which-any good film fundamentally operates.” Moreover he glibly adds : “the audience weren’t burdened down with the responsibility of explaining the film.” Explanation and understanding don’t lie at the end of Kubrick’s sensory nightmare. From this we wouldn’t want to label Orange, as Pauline Kael rightly fingered Straw Dogs, “a fascist work of art”. However to maintain that “the test of a work of art is, in the end, our affection for it, not our ability to explain why it is good” in regard to a film like Orange strikes an underlying fascist chord. i
-david
cubberley