1973-74_v14,n23_Chevron by Editor Imprint

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friday,

2 the chevron

january

11, 1974

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The Canadian Government recently protested the American Garrison Diversion Project- a 200 million dollar scheme to irrigate 250,000 acres of land in North Dakota. Canadian Government officials believe the project will seriously downgrade water quality in two Manitoba rivers, the Souris and the Red. The Manitoba Director of Water Resources believes’ that by 1980 the rivers’ increased salinity will seriously aff&t the quality of water supply in downstream to_wns and farms. Manitoba government officials fear that the reduced flow could turn Lake Manitoba into a slimy green mass of seaweed and mud. The American Department of the Interior is opposed to stopping construction and said they would reply to Canadian protests sometime in the new year.

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The govenment is going to give it anotlier try-employing students. The Ontario-Quebec Permanent Commission has job openings for nearly one hundred students from wither provinces’s universities. Students from every persuasion are sought by the commission, especially those with some prior knowledge of french and, presumably, english. The jobs are with the governments of the provinces and is structured as some sort of exchange program. The period of work is approximately three months at salaries ranging from $115 to $150 per week. The program will aid everyone in finding somewhere to live for the three months. It is hoped that english-speaking students will find this opportunity helpful in acquainting -themselves with the culture and language of the province next door. Information is available from the campus placement officers and applications will be accepted until January 25, 1974.

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In tile past there have been pitifully few courses offered at this university -dealing with women or ‘women’s issues’. Although it would be foolhardy to say that things have changed in any meaningful way at all, it is still important to recognize a new course when it arises. The most recent development is a graduate studies course that is open to undergraduates and is being taught this term in Renison college. The instructor is Marsha Forest. The emphasis in the course will be on how women’s issues arise from the society in which we live as well as other societies such as China, Cuba and Tanzania. The group will work closely together to try to analyse the roots of women’s oppression and to develop strategies for change. In February it is hoped that the group will take part in the series of lectures planned by the Federation of Students in cooperation with the Womens Place-lectures about the women in the workforce and every segment of society. The structure of the course is not closed to anyone and men and women are urged to enter into what will probably be one of the most interesting courses this term at Waterlbo.

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Charges & denials The Waterloo Committee for Women’s Rights has accused Science dean W.B. Pearson of sexism in hiring for his faculty. In a letter to the committee Pearson claimed that women cannot be hired on the same terms as men. The committee had written the dean asking him to confirm or deny rumours of his avowed refusal to give tenure to married women. Pearson replied that he would give a woman professor tenure if she were judged competent. However, he continued: “Now if a woman’s other commitments in life tend to make this system work to her disadvantage, then I think we should recognize it forthwith and institute a different more advantageous system or set of criteria regarding the careers of women.” To further substantiate their charge the committee points out that a recent commission on the equal status of men and women at the university of Waterloo had shown that of more than 100 fulltime professors in the faculty of science only one is a woman. The dean went out of his way to be patronizing. He concluded his letter: “Finally my own preference is for female colleagues and employees rather than male anytime!” I A spokesperson for the committee told the chevron: “We find his attitude, toward women exceedingly offensive. And because it reflects a hiring policy which is illegal tie would like people who share our views to write or phone president Burt Matthews telling him so.”

.. .

^ -

friday,

january

the chevron

11, 1974

. I Federation dignitaries “We’ve got to put in all the money we have left in the pub”, said Art Ram in Tuesday’s students’ council meeting. Ram referred to the campus centre pub that the Federation of students is operating on a full time basis. The federation is pushing for a management contract with the university administration and to be eligible before the eyes of the Liquor Control Board (LCBO 1 for a licensed area, it must invest a sum of $22-250, to “meet LCBO specification”. And if “we don’t get a pub in 1974 we might as well forget about entertainment”, Ram added. He alluded to new LCBO regulations that call for the abolition of occasional permits, which the Federation had been using over previous years. Concluding Ram proposed that the federation conduct a referendum in mid-March, to decide whether or not the students want a student run pub. If the response is positive then a compulsory fee of five dollars a year over 5 years’ “will have to be levied. The fee will allow the pub to be ready no later than this fall. other entertainment The mentioned was the concert program for the winter term. Sandy Moroz, vice-chairperson of entertainment, said that-~ since there is “no money in Canada”, the federation can not get any big name acts. Moroz indicated however that there is a possibility of getting Valdy in early March and Procul Harum a week later. The only confirmed booking is a Winnipeg band, Bachman Turner Overdrive for February 14th. Having made their position clear the entertainment experts lapsed

into silence and handed the show over to Executive Assistant Dave Robertson. Robertson council asked members to accept his proposal to allocate $1,000 to the Workshop on Instructional Development (WID) and to make a “moral commitment” as well as a financial one. WID will be a program to develop and improve the teaching skill of professors and teaching assistants. It would also initiate projects of a pedalogical nature,and above all provide students and staff members with an opportunity, together to discuss educational priori ties. president Paul Eng Sot Dubrocky, asked Robertson if there was enough money for such a project. Robertson, making a brief remark,on the thousands of dollars that the board of entertainment was expecting, replied that he was more concerned about the moral commitment of the Federation to WID rather than the financial. He pointed out that money could be reallocated in the Board of Education. In sum, Robertson -said that this is the first time when there has been a parity situation between the professors and the students. This being the case the federation of students must show a genuine degree of concern for the future of the workshop, he said. The reaction of council members was, as to be expected, less than enthusiastic. The official federation mouthpiece Andy Telegdi followed Robertson entered into a long recital about the pinball machines and student housing hassles. It lasted the better part of an hour.

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that the ,- Telegdi told council nousing situation is becoming desperate, as it seems that landlords now use shotguns on tenant students to ensure rent payment. Specifically, one Guelph landlord allowed the student tenant to rebuild his farmhouse and once all the renewal had been completed, the landlord wanted to live there and kick the students out. According to Telegdi, the police sided with the landlord, and the federation of students with the - student. Morley Rosenberg, the federation lawyer, maintained that the tenant was in the right. To cut a long story short, council instructed Telegdi to pursue the matter and defend the student. The pinball machine affair was cut and dried: if the federation opens the games room the police will come and “arrest the machines” (see page one for details). Council accepted a proposal for new electoral procedures, federation elections from Treasurer Tom Duffy. The annual presidential non-election will be February 13th and 14th with the council elections February 27th and 28th. The reason for the two day polls is to get more of a turnout, as many students only come to campus twice a week. The federation will pay hourly rates to man the polls. The chief returning officer will be student senator Ann Knechtel. The new editor of the chevron was ratified all but unanimously by the obviously discussion-weary council. Additional matters of great importance were the federation societies conference (January 19th and 20) and the new proposal from the Ontario Federation of Students (OFS). The latter calls for a direct fee to be levied on students to enable OFS to expand and to develop a student movement that will better the students’ life. _ Representatives from OFS will come to campus to justify their

proposal in the near future. It is hoped that students try to find the reasons for such a proposal, for a referendum will be necessary so the fee can be collected.

Attorney-General Dalton Bales. Cartwright assured him that no directive had ever come from the Attorney General’s office ordering a crackdown on pinball machines, seemingly contradicting -john morris Heinrich’s early assertion. On Monday of this week, the first day oft term, Telegdi informed Currie Amusements of Cam-continued from page one bellville-the firm that owns our he might of the student unions at U of W and pinball machines-that invite a morality squad to raid to WLU) that a crackdown was about test the legality of the machines. to take place on those establishCurrie was willing to co-operate in ments operating the machines after December 31. At a meeting of this and brought in an old pracvalueless machine to be the Police Commission for the tically if the raid happened.. region on December 5, Chief of- impounded This sacrificial museum-piece police Wilfred Heinrich explained that the warnings resulted from a arrived on Tuesday morning and Telegdi told the police that he ‘directive’ which he had received from the Ontario Attornevwould open up that afternoon. He was persuaded instead to General’s office at Queen’s Park. U of W Federation of Students come down and talk to Chief preident Andy Telegdi told the Heinrich in the afternoon. In that that commission that legislation was in meeting Heinrich maintained the, works in Ottawa to make- the he was being made a “scapegoat”, and that it was his job to follow the machines legal, and also recounted the circumstances of the letter of the law. He explained that the ‘directive’ which he had Regent Vending case, ,and the originally invoked as the reason favourable judgement which that for the pinball crackdown had company‘ had received. On this come, not from the attorneybasis, the commission instructed general’s office itself, but from an Chief Heinrich to seek further address given at a police condirection from the Attorney ference sponsored by the attorneyGeneral. general’s department earlier last Towards the end of the Christmas break, Telegdi spoke to a fall. He also produced a letter from Chief Counsel Ian Cartwright Morality Squad representative to stating that the machines were ask what action would be taken if still technically illegal, and the federation opened up its avowed that he would continue to campus centre pinball parlour at prosecute infractions under the the beginning of the term. He was Criminal Code until the law told that the federation would be changed. prosecuted. At this time Telegdi He seems to be clutching at indicated to the police that the straws. Under the legislation federation might challenge the which will likely come up in the law. federal throne speech later this Shortly after this conversation, month, pinball machines will be Kitchener east end pool hall operator named John Lukas was a finally removed from their present illegal status. charged by the Morality Squad Till then, it’s cold turkey for with operating a common gaming campus pinball addicts, and a house and some pinball! machines temporary moratorium for the were impounded from his agents of moral decline. And Andy establishment. Telegdi will have to look for other Telegdi then spoke to Ian Cartwindmills at which to tilt. wright, who is Ontario’s Chief Counsel and works directly under -nick savage

pinball

the chevron

friday,

1 ATHLETIC EVENTS- / SEASON TICKETS STUDENTS MAY OBTAIN THEIR SEASON TICKET TO ATHLETIC EVENTSBY PRESENTING THEIR UW IDE’NTIFICATION CARD AT THE RECEPTION DESK IN THE PHYSICA-L ACTIVITIES COMPLEX, ANY -. DAY BETWEEN 9:OO. AM AND 4130%PM.

NOTE

DATE

from

CHANGE

THEATRE OF PRAGUE 28th-8 p.m.

Sun. Jan. 20th-8

Humanities

p.m.

Theatre

FRI. JAN. llth-8 p.m. CANDIAN BRASS Theatre of the Arts ART

JAN.

GALLERY, 13 - FEB.

A TRIBUTE

University 3

of Waterloo

TO HlERONYMk

BOSCH

Reproductions of Bosch’s work from the Art Gallery of Ontario. Original artworks by Herb Ariss, Virgil Burnett, Warren Collins, Louis de Niverville, Guy Ducornet, Rikki (Erica Ducornet), Guerite Fera, William Kurelek, Nancy-Lou Patterson, Ann Rob,erts, Cathy SenittHarbison, Harold Town, Tony Urquart, Tim Wynn-Jones.

Gallery

Hours

-’ Mon. Fri. 9 am-4 pm Sundays 2 pm-5 pm Closed Saturdays

Free Admission

JAN.

13 2:30 p.m. Opening of the exhibition with a special programme of RENAISSANCE MUSIC, DANCE AND SONG by Music of Waterloo ,- Four, University \ JAN. 20 2:30 p.m. FILMS:

FEB.

STORYTELLERS OF THE CANTERBURY GOD’S MONKEY IMAGES MEDIEVALES GARDEN OF EARTHLY DELIGHTS 2:30 p.m.

FILM:

THE

FREE

ADMISSION

Jan. 15-18-11:30 KRAPP’S LAST

GOLDEN

AGE

OF FLEMISH

TALES

PAINTING

Starring (One-man

Peter O’Shaughnessj show)‘

For further information contact Lecture Room 6, ext. 2439

EVERYONE

FURTHER INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED FROM UFT OFFICE (FED. OFFICE)‘<

.WHAT?WH-Y ANYTHING; USE YOUR ELECTRICAL OR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SlcILLS’i I CASSETTE INTERVUE; MAINTAIN WRITTEN AND RECORDED RESOURSE LIBRARIES; SCRUB FLOOR& WRITE COPY; SPIN DISCS; RADIO DRAMA; ETC.

of STARSCAPE Mr. Alfred

by Alfred

Kunz, Music

Kunz

Director

THE BOARD OF PUf3LICATIONS‘ I requests

for

applicufions

position

;; CHEVRON

EVERY TUESDAY BEGINNING JANUARY 8th CONCERT CHOIR REH.EARSALS i TUESDAYS 7-9 p.m. AL 113 MAJOR WORK-J.S. BACH EASTER CANTATA CHRIST LAG IN TODERBANLEN (Christ lay in Death’s dark Prison: performance

WEDNESDAY NIGHTS STARTING JAN. 16 174 MATH & COMP. 3003,7 - 10 pm.

a.y. TAPE-Drama

T’heatre of the Arts Free Admission

and the premier

~NlVEFtSl-i=YFLYING TRAINING ‘GROUtiD SCHOOL \

WHERE? CAMPUS CENTRE RM. 135 UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO ’ WHEN? WEDNESDAY, JANUARY.- 16th, ’ 1974 AT.7:30 PM WHY? TO ORGANIZE RADIO WATERLOO’S FOURTEENTH ,TERM OF SERVICE I TO COMPLETE RADIO WATERLOO‘S FIFTH RENOVATION

for

BLACK LIGHT to MON. JAN.

1974

WHO? RADIO WATERLOO

@p@NlflgbN PLEASE

januaryll,

EDITOR

applicutioni close on janucWy thirty-first\

Arts

WELCOME

for

,mWe

STAGE BAND REtiEARSAL SUN. JAN. 13 7:30 p.m. AL 6 i If you play saxaphone, trumpet, trombone, drums piano, etc. Please come out and bring your instruments along. If you don’t have any instruments come and find out what it’s all about. Stage Band Co-ordinator-Doug Young.

information confacf

chbrloffe at

. buchan

ext.

2337 f

friday,

january

11, 1974

anytine interested-inan organizational

being a photograper

for the chevron is urged to attend

meeting on tuesday january

we need sports photogs, news photogs, entertainment

’

15 in the chevron office.

photogs and photogs wilting to do anything.

Dear U. of W. Person,

Leandre Bergeron will discuss “Quebec Politics” on January 16th in the Physics Amphitheatre, Room 150, at 8:00 pm. You- are urged to participate in this, the seventh Federation of Students Campus Forum. Bergeron, author of The History of Quebec, and professor of Quebecois literature at Sir George Will/ams-, University in Montreal, will analyse the various trends that dominate Quebecois politics. Specifically,. he will< focus on the issue of separatism and the relationship ’ between the Parti Quebecois and militant trade unionism. A movie, “L’affaire La.paIme”, will be screened to _ provide the audience with a brief understanding of the . contradictions prevailing today in Quebec. Please come so that the Campus Forums’can act as a means of dialogue between sectors of the academic community. Free copies of Bergeron’s illustrated book will be available and coffee will be served. Boards of Education and External Relations I FEDERATION CF STUDENTS

we have a darkroom

an-d you

may feel free to doddle around, --

once you have become a member of the’ chevron staff. -

if you

cannot make it on tuesday

drop-in anytime and ask for _ randy hanniganthe photo co-ordinator. Resource Secretary $115 wk. commencing March 4th must relocate in Otta-wa Experience in any or all of: -office skills -experience in student affairs -0rganizing experience -research experience For application forms : National Union of Students Ontario Representative CO Students’ Union Lakehead University Thunder Bay “p”, Ontaric (807-344-8662) Apply before January 25 74

CELEBRATE MARTIN LUTHER KING’S BIRTHDAY January 15,1974 Arts Theatre, 7 : 30 p.m. Three-hour Documentary From Newsreels and Videotape KING: A FILMED RECORD FROM MONTGOMERY TO MEMPHIS Admission $1.00 _ Sponsored by Conrad Grebel College /

- CREATIVEENERGIES CENTRE 125 King West, Kitchener

+ADVANCED READIN-Ga.nd x . STUDY SKILLS

N2G

PHONE

Offering Evening Courses .’ Covering Handbuilding,

POTTERY:

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Glazing,

ART:

TWO Courses: LIFE DRAWING: COSTUMES CLASS: drawing model in costume.

the

Kiln,

the

wheel.

Creating

DRAMA:

743-1111

In:

WOODWORK:

Welcome back. Winter term groups will be organizing during’ the week of January 14. Up to 14 groups are available, each group running one hour, once per week, for 10 weeks. There is likely one that fits your schedule.For information, schedule and sign-up, come to Counselling Services Main Desk, Ira G. Needles Hall, second floor, . opposite the Registrar’s Office. No cost. All materials supplied. Toensure a place; stop by as soon as possible. Best wishes for the new year.-

lA7

with wood, using hand and power tools. from model; and or painting from

Introductory Course exploring improvisation, mime, and multi-media presentation of drama as means of expression.

CREATIVE WRITING:

Approaches to form;-use of literary emphasis on students own work.

YOGA:

HATHA YOGA: basic postures-breathing for body and mind.

PHOTOGRAPHY:

Basic darkroom techniques leading to more advanced and experimental procedures.

MUSIC:

Individtil lessons including application fundamentals to guitar accompaniments.

GESTALT WORKSHOPS: WEAVING:

Evening and Weekend

. CLASSES Registration

11:00 11:00

technique

exercise

of basic

Workshops.

Construction of and Weaving on home-made using a variety of techniques.

BEGIN

JANUARY

with

16th,

1974

and Information from January 7th B A.M. to-8:OO P.M. Monday through Thursday A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Friday

looms

friday,

the chevron

january

11, 1974

Warriors . in>limbo?

Puck Play Over the Christmas break, the Waterloo Warriors travelled to New York and captured the Oswego State Tournament. In three games played on December 27th, 28th, 29th, they came out on top of 9-0, 10-3, and 10-O scores. ~ In their first encounter against Oswego State College, Jake Dupuis obtained his first shutout of the tournament. Scoring in this game were Ron Hawkshaw with 3, Dave McCosh with 2, and Guimond Barnes, Stinson, and Colbon netting singles. Their toughest encounter took place against Hamilton College of New York. Doug Snoddy , playing a good game in the Warriors net, was only beaten on three oceasions. Ron Hawkshaw and Mike Guimond managed three goals a piece in this game, with singles going to Madeley, Staubitz, Barnes, and Kallio. Dupuis secondshutout was in a game against Kingston’s Royal Military College. Marksmen for this game were Guimond, Hawkshaw and Madeley with 2 each, while Staubitz, Colbon, Elliott,.and Stinson netted singles. At the end of the competition an . All-Star team was picked. The Warriors were awarded five of the six spots with honours going to Dupuis, Guimond, Hawkshaw, Staubitz, and Stubel. Last Friday night, the Warriors started 1974 off on the right foot defeating the York Yeomen’ 8-6 in an exhibition game played at home. . Warriors Hawkshaw led the scoring on a breakaway pass from Guimond halfway through the first period. York then responded with two quick goals. Elliot scored to tie

the game followed with a goal by Guimond in the last seconds of the period to take the lead. The Warriors came on strong in the second frame, accounting for five goals to York’s one. Guimond netted his second and third marker’s with the other three going to Barnes, Hawkshaw, and ‘Crosby. The third period saw York scoring three goals to narrow the ‘Warriors win to 8-6. Dupuis played a strong game in net for Waterloo. It is interesting to note that the Warriors have managed 37 goals in their last four encounters with the Guimond-Elliott-Hawkshaw line collecting 23. The next home game will be played on Sunday, January 13th, against the Guelph Gryphons. Ga’me time is 7 p.m. Aiskris

Swimmers ranked fifth The University of Waterloo Warriors hosted a swimming meet against the University of Toronto Blues last Saturday. The final score of the meet was Toronto 86, Waterloo 26. U of T had just returned from three weeks of hard training in Florida while the Warriors had been staying in shape opening presents and riding The Blues are snowmobiles. presently rated best in the country, the Warriors are fifth. During this last week Coach Graham has really laid on the yardage in workouts, in an attempt to get his team back in shape. On Wednesday a co-ed swim meet was held at Western in which both teams, Warriors and Athenas, lost a cliff-hanger. It went right down to the ‘wire with the

Mustangs winning the final event, the free relay, the difference in the 59-54 win. The Athenas put up a great fight with the meet still in doubt at the three meter diving, the second last event, The final score read 57-44. The Warrior 400 medley relay lost a close one to the Mustangs by less than half of a second. An outstanding swim was recorded by Rick Adamson who broke the team record by half of second leading off the 100 backstroke going 58.6. In the womens 400 medley relay Maryanne Schuett did a lifetime best in the 100 breast recording 1: 17.7. Judy Mathieu did two personal bests, one in the 100 fly going 1:05.7, and later winning the 50 free in 27.5 seconds. Later on the 200 freestyle Dave Wilson was a tenth of a second off of the existing team -record winning it in 1:53.0. Later he broke the team record in the 100 free going 50.8. . Richard Knaggs did his lifetime best in the 200 free‘ going 1:57.6. Mike Hughes did his best time ever in the 200 fly by four seconds going 2: 10.6. Cathy Adams did her best time in the 400 free recording 5: 02.7. Lester Newby won both one and three meter boards with Ken Hill coming third on the one meter, Jane Williams dove in second place on,, the three meter board. Diving coach Marnie Tatham saysthat all her divers are showing great improvement as is plainly, seen. Other good performances were by Eric Robinson, Peter Robinson and Rick Drummond in the 200 I.M., all doing their best times ever. Coach Graham says that “although we lost the meets, with a little work our chances of retaining our standing at the Ontario and national level are still within our grasp. 7’

Many who attended the Following the game, McCrae felt Waterloo-Western basketball that “the team had regained a game last Wednesday night, would . great deal of its floor confidence.” probably concede that the The team had committed many Warrior’s 94-48 victory was not errors but one must always be prepared to commit errors while in entertaining. Coach McCrae’s the process of developing one’s game plan was to improve the playing ability of each and every abilities. “Every member had one of the twelve team members; executed some commendable moves on the floor; to improve their playing ability as a rare situation when 411, of a team’s a. team. ,; members play in the game.” The Western Mustangs sufThe Warriors shot 40 percent fering their third OUAA defeat in from the floor and 83 percent from three games, are an extremely the foul line. They grabbed 67 weak team, and McCrae would rebounds, as compared to only 30 establish nothing . by rattling Mustang rebounds. Though the probably the weakest team in the shooting percentage was slightly league. It was important to below average, and the game was develop the floor confidence . ‘of played in an eradicate manner at each player. In the process one is times, game rebounding was high going to commit errors, and the and well distributed among the Warrior’s 22 errors against players, Considering that each and Western, didn’t appear to trouble every member played, statistics the, coach. show that the Warriors played well In the -Golden Boy Classic in as a team. Winnipeg, during the Christmas Last night the.Warriors left for vacation, the Warrior’s confidence Halifax where they will participate was given a shaking in the 86-79 in St. Mary’s Invitational Tourloss to the University of Manitoba, nament, this weekend. Hopefully, and the 82-81 ‘loss to Brandon they will be able to ‘put it together’ University. Their ranking as the and come back to Waterloo number two team in the nation is prepared to meet the WLU Golden certainly questionable. Hawks; a game which will take place on the night of Wednesday; The Warriors, prior to Wednesday’s game, were slightly January 16 at the WLU athletic worried about their ability to cope -mihail murgoci with all ‘types of pressure.

Warriors B-ball Hockey Swimming Curling

At St. Maries Halifax At Laurier Wednesday Guelph

here

At Guelph At Brock

January January

Sunday January

Janliary

January

Swimming Curling

Waterloo January At Guelph Waterloo January

Invitational 11, 12 January Invitational 11, 12

16 13 7:00

p.m.

16 12

Athenas V-ball

f Friday

and Saturday

12 Friday

and Saturday

friday,

january

11, 1974

’

the chevron

Free - time activities There seems to be some concern over people not knowing what free time activities are availab!e and how to go about pursuing them. The pool is open for Free time swimming seven days a week. Monday . 9:30 - lo:30 p.m. 11:30-2:20p.m.

p.m. at the Pool Gallery. Squash Registration will be held in room 1083 in P.A.C. at 8:00 p.m. The intramurals also offers a national life guard certification course for which you can register this Sunday at 7:00 p.m. at the Pool Gallery the cost for registration being $15.00 per person. Kinder swim is from January 14 - January 22 for eight Wednesday sessions at a cost of $4.00 per child. Also registration for skiing is open with the receptionist until Tuesday, January 22.

Tuesday 11:30- 1:20p.m.

9:30 - lo:30 p.m.

Wednesday 11:30- 1:20p.m.

9:30 - 10:30p.m.

Thursday 11:30- 1:20p.m.

9:30 - 10;30p.m.

Friday 11:30- 1:20p.m.

9:30 - lo:30 p.m.

Athena wball atourney i

Saturday 9:00 - 11:30 a.m. Sunday 1:00 - 3:45 p.m. (family)

N,ew intrtimiNaI Co-ordinators I

Do not let it be said that the intratiural program is not subject to change. For the winter of’74 the former -intramural assistant will be replaced by six individuals. For the past two and a half years the Athletic department has hired the Kin-Ret student for his work teym to assist the intramural director with his duties. For this term,‘ it was decided that the assistant’s job would be broken up into six categories with the hope that now each area could be given more attention and thus improve the over-all program. Six heads are better than one ! Terry Redvers (Kin 1, the former intramural assistant will now be the co-ordinator of Recreational Team Activities being responsible for the complete organization and administration of such. Geof Epstein (Kin), also a ’ former intramural assistant, will have similar responsibilities of organization and administration in the area of competitive tournaments. A publicity Director, Bob Sisler (E.S.), will be responsible for the publicity and communication of the intramural program through the various means on campus. For those who. missed it in the Fall, hopefully Radio Waterloo will continue to air a sports show, listen for it. Our oply female member of the crew is Debi Young (Fine Arts) who will be responsible for the organization and administration of the ins true tional swim program, kinder swim programme and co-ed innertube waterpolo, under the guise of the Intramural Aquatic Co-ordina tor . Neil McKnedrick. (E .S.) as Ititramural \ Trainer will be responsible for attending various intramural events, and work in conjunction with the training staff and assist in the Intramural Injury study. And last but not least‘ is Paul Bagnarol (Kin), who as the co-ed co-ordinator will be responsible for

organizing and administering all co-ed competitive tournaments and special events. The intramural @ogram has p&ople working to better itself for your benefit so why not take advantage of what is being offered. There is no time like the present. Intramurals has something for everyone, whether you find it in the competitive, recreational, instructional or club level of the program. To find out what is going on when and where check the blue Intramural news folder or check the Intramural office, Blue North of the P:A.C. for more info. All teams are reminded that they must enter a team list on the entry date and attend the organizational meeting in order to be included in the schedule. Upcoming entry dates are Friday, January’ 11th for ice hockey, basketball and floor The organizational hockey. meeting for hockey will be Monday, January 14 in room 1089, PAC at 4:3O p.m., basketball, Monday, January 14 in room 1089, PAC at 8:00 p.m. January 14th is also the entry date for co-ed innertube wa terpolo, and co-ed broom ball and co-ed volleyball, all of which are on the recreational level with no officials and it is intended that participants have a good time away from the ferocious competitive nature of the sport. The entry date for Rec. Ball hockey, ret indoor soccer and coed squaliball is January 18th. Entry forms are available at the Intramural office. Also a reminder that our first competitive team tournament, doubles badminton will be held Wednesday, January 16, with the entry date of Tuesday, January 15. With mixed badminton being held the f@lowing week with the tournament being held on the 23rd. Again the best means of knowing what is going on is to pick up the blue Intramural News Folder (not off the bulletin boards please) or contact your unit rep.

8:30-9:30p.m.

Tennis may be played over in the ‘bubble’ in Waterloo park five days of the week. All you have to do to book one court hour is to call 7437691 48 hours in advance. Change facilities are available, whites are preferred but not essential and ,only smoo!h-soled shoes are allowed. , Times are: Monday 9:00 a.m. - noon 2 courts Tuesday 9:OOa.m. - 11:OOp.m.

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Squash courts are reserved 24 hours in advance in the Men’s Tote Room. Times are : Monday to Friday 8: 15 a.m. - 10: 30 p.m. Saturday 9:OO - 4:3O p.m. Sunday 1:00 p.m. - 9:45 p.m. Seagrams Gym - Extension 3356 is availgble Mon - Thurs. 12 - 4:30 p.m. and Fri’s 12 - 11:00 p.m. Phone and reserve time for btisketball, floor-hockey, ballhockey or whatever. Free time skating begins Tues January 8, running from 1: 30 - 3 :00 p.m. at McCormick in’ Lakeshore Village on Tuesdays, and Waterloo Arena 1:30 - 3:OO’p.m. on Thursdays. The PAC is open: Mon - Fri 8:OOa.m. -1l:OOp.m. Sat. 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Sun. LOO p.m. - 1O:OO p.m.

This Friday and Saturday, Waterloo hosts the 8th Annual Waterloo Invitational which is considered a must for most Ontario University Women’s volleyball teams. This year as an added feature, Michigan State and

Lakehead Universities will be represented as well as, the regularly scheduled teams in our league. Twelve teams in all will be battling the volleyball filled two days for top spot. As the’ story goes, the Waterloo Invitational standings are a good indication of league finals to come in February, and in many less words than. Pat Davis would say: second place does not receive a prize. After arriving back soon after New Year’s and practising twice daily, the Athenas V.B. team are expecting to take No 1 position over the big Toronto team and previous champions Western. The Athenas have been victorious over Westerns dynamos this year in league play and expect to second that motion this weekend. They have worked hard this term, (& say the least), and with’ eight experienced players and four N .B. rookies, Pat Davis has a wide range of heights -and tactics to shoose from. Pardon me, 1st year players are no longer “rookies” after Christmas, “and are expetted to play accordingly.” Come and catch a few games on Friday or Saturday. The V. ballerr will welcome yol;lr support. It is a tournament that you 5shouldn’t _ miss.

The girls vo/leybaII team will be playing’in their first tournament of the new year this Saturday when they host a round robin tourny. The Athenas start this afternoon at 2:30 pee eem when they challenge bthe girls from the University of Toronto.

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Program One facet of the intramural program which is being overlooked is the instructional programs which are available at the university. The Winter 1‘74 Instructional program bdgins Sunday January 13 with,, registration for instructional golf being at 7:00 p.m. in Red Activities. Judo is also commencing this Sunday at 7 :OO. p.m. in the Combatives Room of P.A.C. The first Karate, meeting will be held at 8:00 p.m. in Blue Activities while Ladies Self Defense will be held at 9:00 p.m. in the Combatives Room. Swimming instruction also begins Sunday, January 13 at 7:OO

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’ feedback: =

Letters to feedback should be addressed to Editor, Chevron, Campus Centre, University of Waterloo, Ontario. Please type on 32- or 64-character lines and doublespace. Untyped letters cannot be guaranteed to run. Pseudonyms will be run if we are also provided with the real name.of the writer.

Lighting challenged I would like to question the continuing policy of this university concerning its ornamental lighting. I have always felt that architectural lighting was a large squandering of energy but in this time of energy shortage, it loqms as a direct contradiction to intelligent resource utilization. The lighting of the exteriors of the Dana Porter Arts Library, the Humanities and Psychology buildings, the MathComputer centre, the Administration Building and the Engineering complex is absurd in this tiqe of difficulty and unless the university, supposedly the centre for foresight in the society and also an extension of the long arm of the takes the initiative in ingovernment, telligent resource use, who will? Bob Severs Planning .I

are a bunch...” beggars belief. Unfortunately it happens to be the nearest approach to any point made. The strident request that faculty members of a particular nationality side with one viewpoint, and the suggested and ignoble reason supplied for their restraint, are clearly his main concern. Even the use of gutter language hardly makes the letter / corn e alive. It is sometimes necessary to weigh the contending claims of silence giving consent with the folly of according further publicity to puerility. The terrible danger is that those of us who view with some misgivings Canada’s policy with respect to Chile, and who are suspicious of the implications of Jensen’s publications, are saddled with a totally unnecessary incubus. Mr. Fraracci ends his letter with the suggestion that he may be academically penalized; I suspect that he need not worry: the crown of martyrdom is rarely bestowed on men of stkaw. A.C. Math. [Statistics]

M udie blues We read in the chevron (Nov 30) about food costs and how the the rising residences are attempting to cut the food costs back. Mudie, a food services spokesman, was reported to have stated that because of the world shortage of rice none appeared at the villages. It tias very ironic to note that supper the same night as the chevron article appeared consisted of rice and shrimp at.Village 1. As for the statement that less spaghettti appears in the Villages, Mudie must be off his rocker because we have spaghetti every week without fail. Perhaps if Mudie and oth’er food services spokesmen had a clearer picture of what is actually being served ,at the Villages, ie. “dreaded breaded” and “mystery meat”, the projected $50 increase for the next year could be eliminated. Stuffed-with-starch

villagers

<-Plea for reason The recent controversy dealing with Jensen’s views was in the highest traditions of student journalism. A contentious view was strongly attacked, ably defended, and the defen’ce criticised. At all times there was an implicit assumption that argument should be sustained by reason, that references should be quoted: in short that a University readership would pass judgement. It is therefore an outrage that space should have been found for the letter of Mr. Fraracci (Dec. 9th). Rarely can antiintellectual demagoguery have been so blatant. To subject a literate audience to statements such as “I’ve read their three articles and done some outside reading as ’ well. Any pyschologist worth a grain of salt knows that Jensen, Hernstein et al

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I’m in 4th year; finally I have breathing space. My earlier years were generally hectic and uninspiring. I thought then that professors really didn’t care to teach. Most were out for some money, and Christmas and summer holidays. A few still grew and worked on research or new books. The situation was rather bleak and depressing. I now look at my situation, that<of fellow students, and that of those in earlier years. Many avoid work, and yet want marks. I felt that was deplorable. Now it doesn’t seem so sickening. Most of them are shoved through (often shove themselves through this factory, without a moment to think. Some may not want to contemplate their situation, fine. But for those who do, it becomes hell. Why push on and on, for what? Is it because of the big push to get an education? Don’t you want to be caught short?Short of what, I’m not sure? That must be why some people leave. Yes, I’m in 4th/,year now. I finally do have some time to stop and think. There are unfortunately still few “teachers”. Generally, the only real interests I have, I have developed on my own. Most profs serve only as reference books, if that. Few seem really convinced of any worth in their work. Surely some are; you can see it in their eyes. But so few can conyey’ this enthusiasm. The vast majority walk in, give their spiel, and walk out. It’s now less of a wonder why so many students avoid work-there’s just no reason for working. Is there hope in those few that do “teach”? Is there even more hope in the few that have some reason to continue going and working ? There surely isn’t much- hope for that vast majority that avoids work, copies essays, and halfheartedly bluffs its way through school. This goddam factory is really rough to get through. Is responsibility a useless and meaningless word? Well then, what about meaning? What doss it mean to the professors out here? “Vhy can’t you show it? If you can’t, you shouldn’t be here! Let’s not lie to ourselvesmost of you are NOT “teaching”!!! Bernhard Dandyk t some

, . Pubic cMe3 When I first came to the University of Waterloo campus, entering a new life as a soLcalled FROSH, I was sent into ecstasy when I had my first look at the awesome P .A .C . building. The facilities that awaited me there as far as .athletics* was concerned simply staggered my imagination. My first day work-out was climaxed by a relaxing shower, then I proceeded taking a soothing sauna. The men’s lockerroom seemed to be very well organized, so I left with a good impression of the place. However, the next day, after sweating it out in the gym, I looked forward to a cooling shower. Upon entering the shower area, I perceived tiny accumulations of what seemed to be strands of pubic hairs, varying in length; texture and colour. This disturbed me a bit, but I figured that the janitor was certainly going to clean up this fiasco sometime that day, and when I would return next

day, this sight for sore eyes would be nonexistent. But, the next day as Howard Cosell would say,‘1 was not to be denied this day’ of another visio.1 of the ungodly sight. The accumulations had multiplied exponentially and it took a great deal of skill and timing to dodge all those ‘field mines’ on my way to the shower. Once in the ‘shower, I noticed that the density of pubics caught in the drain caused the water to overflow onto the showerroom floor, bringing a layer of floating (scum) about everyone’s feet. This situation still exists today and unless the University is holding a banquet for bacteria, I can see no reason why we the students of this school, should have to put up with such ‘hairy conditions’!!!! Mt. Athletes Feet

Student3 ilitterit In your issue of December 7, S. Graham complains about instructions on eysaywriting handed out by an instructor. She describes them as “immature and totally ludicrous”. Perhaps it is ludicrous to have to advise third-year university students to c,heck spelling, to include a verb in a sentence, and to make clear the antecedent of a pronoun. Such advice should have been given, and heeded, tit a much . -earlier stage. In all too many cases, if I may judge by my own experience, such advice has not been given, or if given has not been heeded: Under the circumstances, then, such advice, immature and ludicrous as it may be, is better given late than never. D.C. Mackenzie

I)on’t come to help ’ Perhaps some students in this university who will be graduating soon or . even not graduating are probably thinking of volunteering for work overseas in the so-called developing countries. ’ I can drily repeat what one man addressing a group of American do-gooders in Latin America said: “If you have any s‘ense of responsibility at all, stay with your riots here at home...If you insist on working with the poor, if this is your vocation, then at least work among the poor who can tell you to go to hell! It is incredibly unfair for you to impose yourselves on a village where you are so linguistically deaf and dumb that you don’t even understand what you are doing, or what people think of you. And it is profoundly damaging to yourselves when you define komething that you want to do as ‘good’, a ‘sacrifice’ and ‘help’. “I am here to suggest that you voluntarily renounce exercihing the power which being an American gives you. I am here to entreat you to freely, consciously and humbly give up the legal right you have to impose your benevolence on Mexico. I am here to challenge you to recognize your inability, your powerlessness and your incapacity to do the ‘good’ which you intended to do. ~21 am here to entreat you to use your money, your status and your education to travel in Latin America. Come to look, come to climb our mountains, to enjoy our flowers. Come to study. But do not come “a to help.” Regina Luz

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by don ballanger,

the chevron

underpinnings -the political assumptions and implications of all ideas. Factions do not, however, confine themselves to yuarrels over philosophy. People begin linking particular politics with their. advocates’ life circumstances. Factions trace particular stands to life-styles, external political affiliations, and placement in the larger social structure. A group may advocate certain politics to include a disenfranchised sector of the target population, for instance; or it. may oppose other politics because they reflect strong external affiliations and susceptibility to co-optation. Either way, behavioral and situational differences quickly I)ecome matters of conflict on their own. So movement people scrutinize the hitherto sacrosanct private world of daily life. They learn that behavior is also political. This means they are accountable to the movement for everything; they must be prepared to justify their actions as well as their ideas. Finally, as a fledgling movement widens its base, its own structure becomes problematic for it. It needs spokespeople for instance: how should they be chosen? It obtains resources: how should they be distributed and what should the decisionmaking process be? And it acquires advocates in high places: what should it require of them? At the start it is - necessarily pluralist on organizational questions, allowing ev&-yone to do as she pleases in the movement’s name. For one thing it lacks the power to institute formal controls over members. Furthermore, the probability of individual aggrandizement is low enough, the nature of members’ commitment sufficiently clear, so that the movement can rely simply on recruits’ good faith. But once it attracts adherents with unequal external resources and different personal commitments, a laissezfaire approach to internal workings no longer serves. For’ in the absence of formal, effective anti-elitist policies and structvres, those members who command most power outside tend to take over the movemerit. Enlisting in the movement may no longer mean subordinating one’s private ease to m&ement needs, but may instead involve individual profiteering, by means of the movement. The movement begins to have problems with elites and opportunists. And, as the movement expands, the position of elites enables them to profit personally from their influence while opportunists cash in on rewards to win prominence within it. Eventually elitism and opportunism appear almost indistinguisable, each reinforcing the other. If unchecked at this stage, movement leaders become practically invulnerable to internal attacks. The movement’s stratification system hardens and the rank-andfile loses control over its own movement. Applied to ideational matters slogans like ‘unity’ and ‘tolerance’ discourage the refinement of political beliefs: applied to behavioral matters, they prevent individual accountability to’ the movement. But their effect bn organizational issues is worst. To advocate that ‘everyone do her own thing’,, that ‘we all respect each others’ trips’ , is.to exempt the problems of opportunism and elitism from the movemen’t’s ken. For if one’s trip happens-to be amssing fame and fortune with the movemint’s name, how can the tolerant gainsay her? Fvrther, if members must stick together no matter what, they will end up united under the direction of leaders they i cannot control. In a political movement, once elitism and opportunism develop demands for unity and tolerance legimate the status quo and discourage rank-and-file dissidence. It will be our thesis in this essay that elitism and opportunism have developed in the women’s movement. We do not suggest they be dealt with in a sisterly way. l

Academic feminists: co-opting the movement Unfortunately, most people ( associate the women’s movement with the speakers they see on the television or the articles they read in the popular magazines . The majority of women have access to neither of these media, and so, the women’s movement has become identified with an academic feminist minority. In the following article from The Insurgent Sociologist, Dair Gilles.pie, Ann Leffler and Elinor Lerner Ratner talk about the possible effects of this domination of_ the movement. The graphics are by Kaethe Kollowitz, a$ were reprinted to accompany this article in The Insurgent. Sociologist. Copyright @1973 by Ann Leffler, Dair L. Gillespie, and Elinor Lerner Ratner

Ihis is not a sisterly essay. We believe the women’s movement is in danger co-optation from the right, from small groups of women whose institutional affiliations give them disproportionate power within it. We believe academic women constitute one such group. We believe something must be done. Unfortunately, we don’t know what. We console ourselves with the hope that if enough movement women become concerned, someone will think of a solution. But in the meantime, we do know that the problem is serious,-and that calls for unity are not ‘the answer. We expect to be-called alarmist, divisive, and intolerant. Consequently, before we analyze the specific issue of academic feminists and the women’s movement, we want to state some assumptions about the development of political movements, and the role slogans like ‘unity: and ‘tolerance’ play in that development. Members of a nascent political movement attack only external targets. Internally, despite differences-on intellectual, behavioral, and organizational questions - they mainly tolerate

each other. Eventually, however, internal and external necessities force the new movement to discard its laissez-faire policy. Even internal issues become matters of political conflict.

the common problem Take ideational matters, for instance. A new movement needs information and concepts desperately; it accepts anything members devise. Ignored rather than oppos”ed, it initially attacks prevailing ideologies rather than institutions. Without resources and a mass base, it can use for weapons only ideas. But facts and perspectives are hard to come by. “Our history has been stolen from us,” reads an early Women’s Liberation poem : a common protest among fledgling movements. Members search everywhere for information which may articulate their situation. They explore forkotten areas; they peruse obscure treatises; they apply well-known theories in novel ways. With old Assumptions in question, each member moves freely in any intellectual direction she chooses; all ideas are welcome, and all are important. This tolerance no longer works once large-scale recruitment begins and opponents mobilize. Seeking support for their views, members notice that incompatible perspectives exist within the movement. Fighting external opponents, they come to, see a connection between tactics, strategy, and theory; seemingly trivial questions in any of these areas reflect one may and affect one’s stand on the *other two. For a movement at this stage, every internal ideational dispute is important. Myriad factions develop, propose new ideas criticize those of other factions, in the process delineating their own and their antagonists’ politics. From this point on, it is clear that one develops a new idea in practical and theoretical opposition as well as external views: one redefines old ideas for the same reason. As Conflict replaces tolerance, the overarching tendency is constantly to clarify the political

\ the company they keep Because the authors are academic women, we have been in an opportune position to observe the changing relationship between academic feminists and the women’s movement. Therefore, we shall focus upon academic feminists. However, we do not believe their behavior is unique. In the first place, our description of academic feminist5 applies to other groups with advantageous in stitutional connectionse.g. media women entertainers, non-academic professionals political party regulars, union leaders, etc. It alsc applies though less strongly, to women with Lefl connections. In all: these cases, the women in volved mainly remain subordinate and respon sible to male hegemony. But once they enter tht -continued

pagt

t ht~‘c$ttvron -continued

’ from

~OIHCII’S movement, their instit&onal or social give - them greater access. to con ncct ions polit ically useful resources than non.-affiliated movcmcnt women have. For our argument, that’s / all that matters. ’ In the second place, our description of the women’s movement applies to other political nrovments. They too are plagued by pressures from without. We choose to discuss the case of acadtlmi6 feminists and W-omen’s Liberation because we knaiv it best. gut by carefully esamining this particular case, we hope $0 begin exposing some of the general processes by which institutional forces affect a movement’s structure‘ and ideology. Four years ago, one of the authors gave a proWomen’s Liberation speech at a professional meeting.. Afterwards, a senior woman- in the f:eld pulled her aside and warned her, “If you keep talk-ing like that, you’ll ruin your career chancbs.” That woman is &w/a leader in the profes$ion’s feminist group. _ I ‘_Four years ago, a ‘student in the Same profession publicly disavowed her department’s Women’s Liberation caucus. She did not believe women were discriminated against. In 1972 she acoeated a university appointment to teach a sexroles course. Four_ years ago, few academic woven gave credence‘.- to accusations : of sexism in the university. (I’ve never experienced discriminatiori. If ,a woman’s competent enough,, ihe’ll have no problems. Screaming “sexism” is ’ jtist a way to avoid placing the blame where it belongs: on women’s own ineptitude.) Today academic women appear on T.V. and radio shows clainiing to represent the women’s xmovetient in its figl$-against sexism everywhere. ’ ’ Four years ago, to support women’s cause was prima facie evidence of Women’s Liberation . membership. And Women’s Liberation inembers, academics agreed, were irresponsible, immature, anti-intellectual,’ dogmatic, homely zealots. Consequently, four years ago, there wap no safe way to discuss the Woman Problem without risking profession& opprobrium. And four years ago, few female academics belonged to the woman’s movement. ‘Unlike other 1 women, acad&mics hadn’t the justification of ignorance. The$ opposed ‘it. .Things have changed in academe. Female social Scientists, for instance, are now concerned with-the Question of women. Most claim. to favor Women’s Liberation. Many call their work “feminist”. Some consider themselves, and .are ‘considered by theii- colleagues, to be leaders in the fight for feminism. Nor is thi3 sudden devotion confined to social scientists. Everyone’s on the side of the angels lately; besides, the pay is good. But what are our academic heroines up to nowadays‘? Have these,once unsympathetic ladies realli grown? Are they currently contributing to the< cause‘? Do& one swallow make a summer? And what” about Naonii? \ ,

those with the tion@L-

11, 1074

Academic feminists exercise great influence over the-“civilian” movement. But there exists -no -sem blence of a checks-and-balances system between the two groups. The movement did not elect academics- to lead it; there was’ never a plebiscite; and there is no recall mechanism. Rather,-their institutional affiliations, give academics preeminence. So they must answer to only one constituency: their (mostly’male, mostly d hostile) colleagues. Some&imes academic feminists do owe their ’ jobs partly to n)ovement ferment or wqmen’s caucuses’ pressure. But the fact remains that the movement can neither reward-nor punish them materially, once they are ensconsed in their positions. It simply lacks the material wherewithal. And wielding ‘what clout it has is difficult, since its &se Structure hampers 1 cohesive action. The professions, on the other hand, enjoy b&h ample’ resources and tight organization \ to use them delib~tely . Cqnsequently the movement cannot, generally, exert the leverage the professions can over -acaldemic feminists. The ‘only -realm in which it butweighs ’ the professions is the moral realm; the only , pressure point it can touch is individual conscience. And nor;‘mally, alas, 6thicalz judgements don’t sway people who’ are padded by good ’ salaries, lucrative grants, and the knowledge that their futures depelid more -on their colbeagues’ good grac%s than ‘on the movement’s opinion. After all, academics get their credentl’als of expertise, their rehdtations, their jobs, and their, security from -a-their colleagues, not from the ragtag movement. An academic woman may/submit herself, vbluntarily and individually,’ to the moral sanctioris which const&ute the movement’s only control over her. But academic w\bman are formally and- collectively responsible solely to the institutiohs which underwrite them: the \ universities. Accdemic ‘feminists of course say the movement’s esteem means everything‘ to them. They know their souls are pure. But we speak here of objective situations, not-~ selfdefinitions. Saints may subsume material urgings under \ moral imperatives. Those of us as yet uncanonized-cannot be relied upon to do so unless a movement exist%-‘ strong enough to force the decitii‘on. In the case of academic women, however, the.movement lacks such’strengths; ifi fact‘, as we argued earlier, academics give, more influence than they receive. And regardless of -where an academic woman think? her lbyalty belongs, the important point is not whether she’s deceiving herself . The point is,-the movement can’t count %n anything. For whoever takes money from one side and morals from another faces a potential conflict of interest; Where the material stakes are high enough‘, and the- possiblity of moral retaliation lo&. there are always pressures for betrayal. An’ academic feminist can totie down her side of things, drop the ,subject,Jchange positiotis, or play herself off as the voice of moderation in c’ontrast with movement extremism. (‘If- you Council, so get off my back.’ Or, ‘I’m too busy think what i’m saying i4 wierd, you should’listen with the Health-Education and Welfare (H.E.W.) ‘, to the screaming fanatics in.the streets!‘) To suit .” . maintain movemt~nt esteem, she c’an use the Sirice -academic feminists are -formally \ “later for you” ploy. ‘I promise to start ,fighting responsible only to the universities, they are as’soon as my position gets a little more secure.’ structurally free to sell out the movement. (After the Ph.D., after tenure, ‘after the For structural reasons, acade&ic women re&&ion.) ‘I can’t join your child-in for free disproportionately infiuencel the movement; cam-pus daycare right now- they’ll cancel my formally they are only responsible to their + grant -on role models in early ‘education.’ And colleagues. Now a woman doesn’t just wake up thcln there are the ‘:I gave at the office”. lines: one-day with power in her pockets a&l a-contract ‘Last year I signed your petition td the City in her hands. Kspecially for a woman, Ijoining a .’

i ler .professional affiliations give an academic woman, certain. advantages over most’ women. M’hen 4she embraces feminism, she‘ commands politically useful resources unavailable to “lay:’ feminists. I2or one thing,,the-universities directly provide her with goodies. Ii& classes contain captive audiences of under-eaduates, often pressured into her pet research projects in the name of the mdvement, intellectual endeavor, , or course reyuirements. The universit!ie< also supply her ir;ith -a national network of contacts:. institutional sources of money for trayeel, mailing, and I- phoning, books and duplication s&vices, atid a labor pool to do the work she considers beneath her. (After all, ‘I didn’t go to graduate school to ’ do my own typing.‘) _ An ‘academic’s institutidnal affiliations also afford her greater. access to ’ media than lay feminists have. Professional journals print her studies. From there,‘her work may be picked up and disseminated by secondary media sources. Few ilut1et.s exist for non-academic papers (a fact especially * striking when w-e consider the proportion -of women each cami, contains\. I;urther, professionals can -publish . In both movement journals: nonacadtbmic and academics. only in the latter. Academic -women also havtb access td the mass media proper (?V, radio , and- newspaper coverage) via their in. stitutional connections. Their views are solicited, their speeches noted and their activities reported. ri’h&c univccsity-based /resources give acadc~nlic ftminists a disproportionateshare in I .

janiiarv

defining the mov&$nt. Thejl exerti undue influence on both ideologic@ and structural m.atters. r Finally, with their media cbntacts and their credentials of expertise, academic ftiminists have a better crack’at the target population than the movement -does. They can legiiimize “civilian” their preeminence to the movement, by claiming speqial privileged communication with the masses. (‘I talk with lots of .people all over the country and I know what reaches them.‘) They d get-away with this claim precisely because it’s false. The conimunication flows only one way: ’ they address the People, but the People have neither organizations, nor media, nor .formal means’ to reply. Ho& can Jane Doe, avefage series, radio Person, answer a newspaper marathon, or TV guest appearance? Academic feminists talk to, n‘ot with, &he People. But their monopoly of communication channels makes it difficult for the m&ement to doubt, much iess r publicly .dispute, their claim to represent the .People. Feminism’s‘new members have a lot of weight ,to ‘swing around. c

pag’e 11

academic ’women in the movement

friday,

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profession involves a 14 prenticeship. This affects 1 First-of -all, an apprent$ gun. She is a token womar always on _ call to prove supervisors tend to mi: professional arjtitude, prof brains, a_nd brajns for souls. they manage to judge the 1~ it seems that her personali very worth are under constE s&h things at issue, she feel

, c

friday,

jariuary

11, 1074

the. (sexist) literature on mating behaviour. As production norms are informal, she learns to second-guess her superiors, and to toe the line without being told. She internalizes their norms -many of them sexist-or she doesn’t make it. Finally, joining a profession takes many years. The longer she’s been an apprentice, the higher a women’s investment; naturally she wants a return on it. And the stakes are high. A university appointment is one of the more lucrative and pleasant jobs open to women. The apprentice need only leave her carrel to see how far she might fall. Failure at a late date can mean she loses everything; a lot of goodies ride on success. So she is leery to jeopardize her _ operator’s license. But in order to get and keep her credentials, she mxt secure her superior’s esteem. Psychologically and materially her position depends upon folio-wing the informal norms they set. An academic woman does not lightly risk offending her colleagues. First, academic feminists control certain communication channels between the movement and the target population. Their decisions on who gets to use which channels, and what sort of message is conveyed, affect the movement. For instance, they often receive requests for speakers. Matching audiences with “compatible” spokespeople, they determine which views are disseminated to wh_ich groups. (I’ll address the State House rally, I’m good at that. ‘You talk to the Thursday night Great Books Club.“) When special journal issues solicit their editorial advice, they divvy up work assignments the same way. Further, in their classes on women, they influence their students’ views of the movement through their lectures, choice of required reading, and selection of guest speakers. University funds help too. For example, conferences provide occasions for interaction both among movement members and between the -movement members and between the movement and the target population. Since academic institutions frequently subsidize conferences, university feminists influence the movement by establishing conference topics and format. Further, these same institutions pay honorariums to selected “lay” feminist speakers. Thus, academics carry great weight in deciding which non-academics become movement spokeswomen.

now that it is safe

$hy ,

taxing apcommitments. always under the 1 a hostile setting, herself. Academic ke deference for ;ional aptitude for valuating the first, . To the apprentice , her intellect, her surveillance. With he cannot afford to

relax. Unsuppressed desires for naps indicate basic depravity. She is always accountable for the way she spends her time. And Goddess help her if she fritters away her hours in non-academic pursuits, e.g., political movements. Second; an apprentice has trouble learning the ropes, since the most important job requirements are informal. Theoretically she is a free agent who exerts herself not because her grade depends upon a certain mode of endeavor, but because her soul requires the stimulation her efforts supply. She needs the vistas opened to her by mastering

Their access to institutional resources, combined with the formal and informal pressures on them to keep their colleagues’ approval, makes academic feminists cautious and conservative. They hesitate to board any train which they don’t yet know carries gravy , or at least offers a safe ride. This affects the way they discuss the Woman Problem. Though they are credentialled thinkers , academic feminists rarely research new topics or develop new ideas on the gender problem. Rather, they trail in the movement’s wake: they examine issues which some faction has already introduced, explored, and substantiated. Watching the faction defend its case and attract support, they have time to guess how their colleagues and the press might react if they themselves mentioned the problem. Only when it becomes clear that the faction’s stand is viable do academics adopt the issue (without acknowledging movement inspiration, naturally). And their participation adds precious little to the discussion. Mainly academics claim ground a faction has already secured. For instance; the movement’s civilian branches started talking about rape over two years ago. Academic feminists objected then, on the grounds that the topic was flamboyant and would alienate people. Thanks to the movement’s tenacity, though, it is now pretty obvious that rape is a serious problem, better explained as applied sexism than as a weird deviation by deranged criminals or repressed nyphomaniacs who ‘ask for it’. And now it seems a veritable epidemic has struck academic women; everyone’s studying rape. As if the movement discussion never occurred, however, these studies invariably begin at the ARCS. How many rapes really take place? Who rapes whom where? Are rapists normal? What constitutes a psychological profile of rape victims?-in other words, is rape a serious problem? And need we attribute it to deranged criminals or repressed nymphomaniacs? Hackneyed questions like these are guaranteed to produce no new insights. Academics say they supplant unsubstantiated movement rhetoric with correct, compelling analyses. But we defy anyone to discern in a random selection of academic feminists worksay on sexuality, since the rape literature hasn’t been published yet--more intellectual merit than movement

essays of several years ago exhibited. Not that academics merely plagiarize movement writings: they don’t. It might be better if they did. For in order to make an analysis academically respectable, they tear the Lats out of it. Take socialization, for instance. The thesis that cultures train women to shuffle is now popular among academics. Originally the movement’ linked sexism and socialization to illustrate three simple points. First, male dominance is socially, not biologically, caused. Second, it affects all areas of life, even infancy. Third, its eradication requires a major social overhaul, not minor reforms of single institutions. That was the context in which the movement began discussing socialization. Academic feminists, however, attempt merely to demonstate that sexist socialization occurs. So they produce swarms of content analyses on “The Negative Image of Women in...“. Daytime TV soap-operas frequently depict women in subservient roles, so do academic texts and so do children’s games. Yes, socialization indeed denigrates women, Period. - Indoctrination, once considered a symptom, has now become the disease. This socialization-as-primum mobile thesis leads not to the indictment of institutions or male domination, but merely to platitudinous calls for changing the image of women. And few, nowadays, oppose that.. The marriage issue also exemplifies academics* bowdlerizing tendencies. For a long time, academic feminists publicly disputed movement theories that connected sexism amd marriage. Conjugal matters , -,according to academics, were not suitable topics’ for discussion among polite feminists. Job discrimination, yes; hubby, no. But the movement itself has advanced beyond the early theories. Currently factions debate the way marriage structurally affects women, and the nature of the relationship to other institutions. And now academic feminists at last acknowledge a connection between marriage and sexism. But their discussions focus on the possibilities of personally liberated (heterosexual) relationships, marital contracts and househusbands. Thus they water down the issue. It becomes a question of individual solutions, not structural analyses. Given academic feminists’ cannabaiistic propensities, one might think they would swoon in ecstasy every time the movement opened another can of worms. They don’t. Whenever some faction raises a new issue, they object. “You don’t have enough evidence to support that. Take a course in methodology, see what Toynbee has to say. Synthesize Rousseau’s, Freud’s, Woolf’s, and Benedict’s comments on gender. Any woman can.” Or more succinctly: “This time you’ve gone too far”. These admonitions are not politically neutral. Since, in lieu of proper proof, “until more conclusive data appears, “and unless the ‘faction wins, academics accept the official version of events. Rather than uphold movement assumptions and define the parameters of its issues, they move in only when it has secured an area, and tidy things up beyond recognition. Academics maintain their tardiness and fastidiousness help movement theory. They claim to replace its subjective political bias with objectivity and facts. They’re wrong, of course: as we argued earlier, once a movement exists, all movement-related stands *are political. What academics do, without saying so, is change the politics of the issue. And the results conform more closely to status quo politics. Thus abortion, which academic feminists once found too hot to handle, is now supported as a means of population control: a less blasphemous defense than the movment’s demand that women control their own bodies. For not all brands of politics equally displease the university powers-that-be. It is the relative lack or diminution of controversy which marks a position as apolitical (and thus acceptable) to academic women. Four years ago, for instance, academic feminists opposed the idea of hiring women qua women. My God! H>ow- political! They would ruin everything the university represents! Hiring should be based on individual competence. But now that even H.E.W. suggests a quota system, academic feminists militantly insist a certain proportion of jobs go to women. Fierce. These days academic feminists are distressed by the academically unpopular suggestion that an applicant’s resume include her/his views on theLwomen question. ‘Establish political employment criteria? We can’t back that.’ Similarly, academic women once objected to movement use of the word “oppression.” They found it rhetorical, and preferred “discrimination.*’ But now that the term “oppression” has become commonplace even in the universities, academic women use it all the time. -&ntinued

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-continued from page 13 Thus what they consider apolitical (and defensible) varies with the state of consensus among their peers. Academic feminists select issues which no longer agitate the movement. They water down the terms, change the politics, and avoid controversy. Given the movement’s current needs, these choices make their work on women almost useless. This problem doesn’t bother them unduly: they don’t aim for a &movement hearing. Hather, they address an unfriendly professional . audience. The time lag: the bowdlerization, the altered but unannounced politics, the search for concensus can all be traced to the necessity of academic feminists’ defending their work before” their collegues: their main “target population.” And their collegues are a hostile if ignorant lot. The optimal response to an antagonistic, uninformed audience is, “That’s a stupid position and I won’t waste my time discussing it,” or “You don’t know what you’re saying, asshole. Go do your homework and then we’ll talk.” But academic women have to take colleagial objections seriously, which means they have to defend themselves on their attackers’ terms. Hence the mushing around. With respect to the ,movement, however, academics remain powerful. Because their views receive publicity, their caution and conservatism retard it. It must try to recoup the target population, answering spurious academic-inspired objections to old theses, rather than developing their complexity. Simultaneously, factions must defend new ideas against the academic dislike for innovation. And meanwhile, publicly accusing “lay” feminists of damaging the cause-- with emotional excesses, academics have the resources to define themselves as the real movement. Academics can easily pass off their platitudinous studies as ‘the only movement theorizing. Now, people need conceptual tools to understand their situation; they need some information on a movement to evaluate it. If academic feminists supply most of the tools and information to the movement’s target population, that population won’t necessarily accept academic views. No matter how tightly a milquetoast group controls media access, it can’t brainwash all of the people all of the time. But its effect is to discourage the development of a base for more thorough-going protest.

particularizing

.,' .,( h.

they must, and who have trouble finding adequately-paying jobs. This doesn’t give an academic woman sleepless nights. Even if she obtained only half-time jobs, one can manage on $6000 per year or more supplementary income, and there is something to be said for leisure. Academics identify benefits to them with benefits to all women, whether or not the two conflict. Academic feminists legitimize their particular demands with general movement principles. They are also certified intellectualsand they have political power. So they can force the movement to support them politically, without themselves having. to return the favour. For whoever fights them appears anti-intellectual and pro-sexist. Take movement feminists’ opposition to employment discrimination. An academic woman wants a certain university job, or is up for tenure. “Here’s your chance,” she tells movement feminists. “Time to put your bodies on the line for our common cause.” If they simply don’t show, they come off churlish, hypocritical, and irresponsible. Should they demand to evaluate her work first, she accuses them of making intellectual judgements on the basis of political criteria - i.e., of anti-intellectualism. Or suppose they decide to tell her that they object to her particularizing, that they don’t want just any. woman, they want committed allies. She replies

.\ : /

_..

friday,

january

numbers may be small, but their structural advantages are great. Academic women command politically useful resources unavailable to non-academic women. This gives them disproportionate power c in defining the movement. They are not, however, accountable to the movement. There is a name for such a gronp: an elite. Without the existence of a movement which potentially taps massive discontent, the establishment would have no use for female academics. They depend on the movement’s existence, but cool it down and get rewarded for doing so. They peddle conservative platitudes as movement analyses. They use the movement’s momentum to advance their own goals. There is a word for such behavior: opportunism. Academic feminists can no longer be allowed to deny the politics of their actions, or to evoke movement forbearance with slogans like “sisterhood” and “unity”. Women’s Liberation can no longer afford to ignore, under the policy of laissez-faire tolerance, the distribution of power within the movement, and the use to which that power is put in the movement’s name. The \ movement should compare its situation with that. ‘of academic feminists, and act accordingly. There is a phrase for this. And the phrase is, “Squash the toadies .” FOOTNOTES

the general

Academic feminists are better placed than other women to delineate movement issues and solutions. They also have the resources to set up Consequently, they can action organizations. channel the energies of many people who seek ways to implement their desire for change. But ’ academics tend to equate gender advancement with self-aggrandizement. They particularize general movement programs into planks which specifically benefit them. These particular demands are then peddled as if they were the original general platform. The ,movement calls for more information on women. Using this principle, academic women publish “new” anthologies (containing many articles which have been around for years) and pocket the profits; they also push women’s studies programs staffed by professionals (a most useful particularization, given the tight academic job market). The movement attacks sexism on the job. So academic women publicly protest that university secretaries don’t respect. them enough. The ease with which such translations are made is striking, since often what would benefit academic women would harm others. For example, academics push the Equal Rights Amendment in’the name of Women’s Liberation, despite the likelihood that ERA will destroy protective legislation-. Protective legislation, with \ all its flaws, does protect women’s working conditions a bit. Extending it to men would protect women’s conditions more. But academic women don’t have to worry about working conditions. Their problem is hiring and promotion discrimination. And here the ERA may help out. To illustrate further: some academic women advocate a half-time hiring principle. This, they say, would give people more free time to be Human. Now precedent suggests that women workers might be restricted to half-time jobs under such a plan. And part-time female employees could lose the rights which federal legislation on full-time workers safeguards (e.g., sick leave, minumum wage). A half-time job demand hardly serves women who work because

that the big demands come first; the immediate necessity is to get women into the system; afterwards we’ll worry about which women we happen to prefer. If they fight her at this level, they seem to oppose better jobs for women. She also may call herself the proto-typical committed ally. And if they say‘ that they had something. . . well, a little more radical in mind, she accuses them of dogmatism and divisiveness. Precisely because she monopolizes the principles, counter-charges of unsisterliness, hypocracy , irresponsibility, anti-intellectualism, and particularizing rarely stick. She dictates the terms of solidarity; movement feminists must either go along or appear to oppose feminism itself. They end up supporting her just because she’s female. Thus academic feminists commandeer movement aid ., It is easy for academic feminists to identify their private ends with the gender’s needs, their theories with feminism. They possess the structural power to broadcast the equations widely; the movement lacks the resources to object. Now it may be argued that accusing a handful of women of subverting a movement is an unduly conspiratorial view of things. But academic feminists are not a small group of isolated individuals. They are a cohesive ‘group operating in large institutions with access to power. The universities underwrite them. Their

1. Once the term “feminist” denoted members of a specific faction within Women’s Liberation. To academics, however, it merely means “people who are pro-women”. Since they use the word this way, so shall we-under protest. 2. We are not saying academic feminists always sell out. Our point is that the structural pressures on academics discourage anything else. Where exceptions occur, structural variables rather than superb souls must be used to explain them. Similarly, whoever wishes to avoid this problem, the others we discuss, and the ones we don’tcannot depend, for protection exclusively on her lovely motives: Ladies, dear ladies, you can’t will yourselves immune. The road to reaction is paved with good intentions. 3. In fact, academics seem to expect movement gratitude for finally climbing on board. Thus, they occasionally use movement publications to solicit volunteer subjects for their research subjects. Evidently they believe their unpaid subjects receive the vicarious recompence of knowing they helped Dr. So-and So get her fourth book published. Sisterhood is its own reward-for the sisters on the bottom. 4. Another about-face is worth mentioning here. Where once academic feminists avoided the area of marriage and the family as a traditional “woman’s field”, today they are overrunning it. 5. Nor, as-we argued earlier, is it communication with the People they crave. They frequently claim that is their goal. But they have no evidence to assume, as they always do, that the People will be alienated by any version of feminism but theirs. After all, someone buys all that Women’s Liberation literature: we joined the movement. It says enough to enough people to have become a national issue. Somebody out there does care. Why assume the masses are unsympathetic? Or that we must approach them with pablum and apologies? Academic feminists’ fears of people do however have a certain basis. While, in principle, academics’ audience includes the cohort of nice people everywhere, in fact it mainly comprises professional colleagues. This audience is demonstrably unsympathetic. But academic feminists consistently maintain that the hostility results from faulty communication rather than incompatible interests. Those men simply don’t know all the facts or understand yet. Proceeding calmly and politely, feminism can reach them, enlighten them, and enlist their aid-provided some fanatic movement faction I doesn’t. spook them with a hard line. Thus, in using their movement influence to push a soft line, academic feminists even have the power to tell the movement what its target population should be: male academics and their ilk. 6. Assuming of course that she has a prosperous husband. The phenomenon of particularizing the general even affects the definition of what benefits academic women. So the needs of -academic women with low paid husbands, and of gay and single academics are ignored. Programs like half-time jobs and nepotism (another academic favourite) benefit only those academics who are heterosexual, married and prosperous. Very conceivably they could harm everyone else.

11, 1974

friday,

january

11, 1974

the chevron

I-

FRIDAY

TUESDAY

Federation flicks: GangbustersChapter I, The Appaloosa with Marlon Brando and The Go-Between with Julie Christie and Alan Bates. 8pm AL116.

Duplicate Bridge open pairs. No experience necessary. Partnerships can be arranged. All bridge players welcome. 7 pm SSc lounge.

SATURDAY

Hi Line training session begins. Everyone welcome. 7 : 30pm Counselling Services.

Federation Flicks: Gangbuste’rsChapter I, The Appaloosa with Mat-Ion Brando and the Go-Between with Julie Christie .and Alan Bates. 8pm AL116.

General meeting of Association Greek students. 7pm CC135.

Rub with Bill Harris. CC pub area_ Sponsored by the Federation of Students.

Federation Flicks: Gangbusters Chapter II ; The Big Broadcast (1934) ; Monty Python’s-And Now For Something Completely Different. 8pm. AL116.

Amateur night. CC pub area. Spon- ’ sored by Federation of Students. Contract bridge night. May bring partner or come alone. 7 : 30pm CC135.

SUNDAY Conrad Grebel College worship service. 10: 30am. Speaker-William Dick. Topic “A Faith That Works”. Federation Flicks: The GangbustersChapter I, The Appaloosa, The GoBetween. 8pm AL 116.

MONDAY

Celebrate the birthday of Martin Luther King by viewing the 3 hour documentary on the greatest years of his leadership from Montgomery to Memphis. Admission $1. 7:30 pm Theatre of the Arts. (All income goes to the Martin Luther King Foundation.)

WEDNESDAY

Learn more about women’s self health care and discuss women’s health issues at Downtown Health Clinic, 77 Water Street North. 7pm. For more information call 578-7520 and ask for Jan or Joan.

Amateur night. CC pub area. Sponsored by,,the Federation of Students.

THURSDAY Gay Liberation movement has special Monday night events. 8pm CC113. For more information call ext 2372 or drop into our office CC217C.

Waterloo Christian fellowship’s supper meeting continues with fine supper and fellowship. 5:30-7:30pm CC113. Tonight: Urbana 73 a panel presentation of what happened.

Amateur night. CC pub area. Sponsored by Federation of Students.

Symposium on Bangladesh. Free coffee and donuts. 7:30pm, C2066

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january

11, 1974

-Yet more on Jensen

This art.icle, by Douglas Wahlsten of the Psychology Department, is another in the cascade of comments and replies we-have received to a series .of articles on genetics and racism by Bill Wadge and Denis Higgs, which appeared in the chevron last t.erm. The author calls for a moratorium on Jensenist research. _ Higgs and Wadge have recently taken Dyal, Corning and Willows to task for their discussion of the heredity, race and IQ issue in their soon-to-be-published book. Having read their criticisms, I naturally borrowed a copy of the book to read, expecting to be affronted by something decidedly right-wing. In my opinion Higgs and Wadge have done them for the book is generally an injustice, characterized by caution, by questions presented without accompanying dogmatic answers, and by admonitions to think critically about the issues. On only one question could I find explicit evidence that Dyal, Corning and Willows actually’ agreed with Jensen, namely whether or not “inquiry into the matter of hereditary differences between races” should be cut off: all of them believed that such inquiry should continue, presumably until sufficient evidence is amassed to settle the issue one way or the other. In the course of this essay I will argue that they are wrong and that inquiry of certain kinds should indeed be halted. First it should be acknowledged that ,nd Wadge .have detected some Higgs genuine shortcomings on pages 2.30 and 2.31. The 80 percent figure for heritability of IQ in the white populations of the USA and England is probably too large in view of the apparent environmental bias in some twin studies. (It-does not follow, however; that the true heritability is zero). The implication that, if heritability within the black American population is similarily high, then we will be able to say how much of the black-white difference is hereditary, is also invalid; between heritabilities are and within-race mathematically independent parameters. On the other hand, Higgs and Wadge speak of the need for a “rebuttal of the claims of racial differences .” What claims? Dyal, et al, certainly make no such claims, and they clearly state that no answer is known. Furthermore, in the 1969 review article to which they allude, Jensen himself makes no such claims; he concludes that compensatory education has failed and then hypothesizes that hereditary racial differences are part ot the cause. In fact, much of the confusion surrounding this issue has arisen- because critics don’t seem to be able to distinguish between conclusions and hypotheses.. They also speak of the “bias of the articles reprinted” in the Dyal, et al, book. What kind of biases? Apart =from -the Jensen article and the Herrnstein syllogism, the articles seem to me to definite liberal and enexpress a vironmentalist bias, Try Chapters 5 and 6 for example. Surely Higgs and Wadge, and I must have read different books! Since I believe that the errors of both parties arose in large part from ignorance of important writing and research on this question, I would like ‘to present a synopsis of my views on this issue which is biased on a more thorough knowledge of the literature. My views have been strongly influenced by two excellent articles which the parties

environment of a child from a mixe marriage is in any way comparable to th environments normally found within a all black or all white family. Parents of mixed marriage are likely to be unusual1 free of the bigoted idea which permeate so many homes within a strictly black or white communitie: Consequently the environment and th genotype of the children will not be ir dependent, and interpretations of result will not be possible. To answer the question, the er vironments of different racial groups mu5

3 this dispute apparently had not read nd to which the’ “villains” Jensen and hockley have never had the courage to ~ply. I urge everyone to read “Inzlligence and race” by Bodmer and lavalli-Sforza in the Otober, 1970, issue of cientific American and “Behaviorand. its biosocial conenetic analysis 3quences ” by Hirsch in the. ‘February, 970, issue of Seminars in Psychiatry, 0th written by eminent geneticists. All lat I can add to these papers is a nowledge of pertinent research reported etween 1970 and 1973.

A non-profligate I

So how do things stand today regarding and IQ question? Previous ‘tl he race M3search allows us to reach no conclusions ejither way; it’s as simple as that. A umber of papers have appeared since ensen’s 1969 article, several of which hlave suffered from too few subjects to llow rigorous conclusions. Two rather 2rge studies have attempted to compare h eritability of IQ in black and white t wins; both found heritablity to be Stomewhat lower in blacks, but neither C ontrolled for environmental correlations, a nd neither resulted 1 in more than n marginally significant differences. Even u rorse, their tentative conclusion that h eritability of IQ is smaller for blacks is e qually consistent with both “eniromental difference” and “heredity” ;I ypotheses of IQ differences! What kind 0’ f research is this which reaches no C(Dnclusions and couldn’t interpret them, ainyway? It’s the best research done t-c?cently, that’s what kind. Thus the central question we must ask is; whether the situation is likely to imrove in the near future. Both Jensen and hockley have suggested experiments hich would involve inter-racial marriages F one sort or another. There are two Bvious flaws in their proposals. First, lere is no reason to believe that the

cartoon

‘-

Furthermore, if a society is eventually constituted free from racial biases, research on race will probably never be undertaken at all. For one thing, the flow of genes will probably become sufficiently large that the boundaries between one “race” and another will be too ill-defined to make the question meaningful. In addition, people would realize that good research on hereditary aspects of mental functioning could be done without utilizing the race variable, and therefore the question would wither away. Even today research ‘on hereditary influences and human behaviour can be done withoututilizing the race variable. Simply select randomly a sample of a large geographical population for testing. It matters not that certain people in the population have only a remote chance of mating with .others becauses of racial biases; they nonetheless have real children, and those children inherit their parents’ genes. Mating within the strictly white segment of our society does not _ occur at random either. We do not need to include the race variable in scientific research, and for moral and ethical reason we should not want to include it. Given all these reservations about current research proposals relating to hereditary, race and IQ, I can see -no reason why any further public funds should be devoted to research on this question. This conclusion was reached by Bodmer and Cavalli-Sforza in their 1970 article, and similar sentiments have recently been expressed in an article in Nat.ure by Thoday (1973, Vol. 245, pp. 418-442). Dyal, et al,, have proposed a moratorium on such research after a thorough revision of the discussion of race and IQ in’ their psychology textbook. Since it is certain that Higgs and Wadge would support such a moratorium, all parties appear to be largely in agreement. All parties with the exception of&he chevron, that is. In its titles and profligate cartoons, the chevron has injected the only clearly rascist sentiments into the discussion. Would the chevron care to repudiate these actions explicitly? Douglas Wahlsten Psycholgy

be made very similar, but the presence o f racial hatreds makes this an impossibility Second, many people who are aware o f how the results of the studies might bt ? used would not participate anyway The t.it.le to which Wahlsten is objecting Shockley suggested a study of black anr i is, no doubt, “Why Blacks are Stupidwhite students at Stanford; the bloom Bet. You’ve Always Wondered”, and it proteins and IQ’s of the two racial group, S appeared above the first article in Higgs’ would be compared, with special attention n and Wadge’s three-part series on racism. being given to the extent of white an ITheir article went to great pains to cestry of each black student. As you car n point. out. that blacks are indeed, no moreguess, there were no black volunteers. AI n stupid than anyone else, and that the experiment of this sort could be conductec 3 techniques used to measure “inin the States today only by deceiving thee telligence”, are themselves based on racist subjects as to its true purpose, and all he1 1 assumpt.ions. Given the context it would would break loose if the deception were E? seem readily apparent that this headline then made public. Bring these problem: s was int.ended satirically, and‘ we are together and one must conclude that thee grea& surprised that Wahlsten managed question of hereditary racial variation .ir1 to t.ake it otherwise. IQ cannot be ,answered until racia 1 The cart.oon -by chevron graphist discrimination as a physical ant 1 Chris Becht.el-had been intended to psychological force -is abolished. accompany the third instalment of the My vision of future work on thee Wadge-Higgs series, and provided an problem then is not a bright one: bigot! s exaggerated example of the kind of and decent people will work side by side tc1 cult.urally-biased I& test question which purge our society of the racial hatred! s the authors were criticizing. Which of the which have heaped so much sufferinl : above pictures is out of place? Have you upon our fellow humans. Bigots will helI 1 stopped beating your wife? In these in order that they ma’y someday conducl t questions, as in the test questions, there the definitive experiment on the question .9 are no good answers. they will help primarily by keeping thei r Science editor pernicious beliefs to themselves.

’

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Sunday

Jan.

13,

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Sunday

Jan.

20,

loam

b Reverend Walter McLean speaks, coffee and conversation to follow. 7:30 pm.-“Career and Campus Group” at Deyarmonds-35 Columbia St. W.

Reverend Harry Klassen, campus Chaplin speaks, coffee and discussion follows. 8:30 pm. “Young Marrieds” discussion at Professor Hermances, 341 Coleridge Dr. Waterloo.

Knox Prebetyrian \ Church 50 Erb St. W. (opposite Angies) WATERLOO, -745-1194 2

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color. -Glenda Jackson, Richard Chamberlain Diiected by Ken Russell (Women in Love, The Boys in the Band). The Music Lover loved life and was torn by it. He reached out for the sensual and got burned by it. His genius demanded a price, and he paid it.

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15 - 17 Tues.

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11 & 12 '=

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National

Film Theatre

The National Film Theatre programme for Janbary 1974 will be published in early Jan. 1974 and will be mailed to members as usual. Non-members may enquire at the box office as to what. the NFT will screen in January. ALIVE VARIETY Alive Variety programme for month of January will be available at the beginning of the month. \

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january

11, 1974

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Records to please \ or displease Carrying the same name as that tune from the movie Deliverance, Doug Dillards new album Dueling Banjo’s is rather peculiar. The title song is not the original Dueling Banjo’s nor is it the version heard in the movie that made the rounds of the KW area last winter. Dillards attempt at the piece leaves quite a bit to be desired. It sounds too much like he is only going through the motionsreading the music off a page of notes. Another disappointment is the first song on the second side, 1 something called Help Wanted. It is an attempt at a tear-jerker in which the words are spokensomeone reading the classified ads of some unknown small town. Probably it is supposed to be a meaningful commentary on life today but unfortunately it stands out as the worst cut on the whole album. It is also the only piece that has any vocalizing. The rest of Dueling Banjo’s 1s a pleasure to listen to and an excellent introduction to the banjo. Too bad Dillard did not stick to what he seems to know beststraight off-the-cuff banjo pickin’. In his first break from the Allman Brothers, Gregg Allman has presented us with a pleasurable group of songs on Laid Back from Capricorn Records, CP0116. A -few of the regulars from the group have followed Allman into his adventure, Butch Truck being one of them. All vocals are Allmans as are the piano and acoustic guitar. The album starts off with an Allman original Midnight Rider, a beautifully slow bluesy piece that could set you up for some easy listening. The rest of the first side is a little less than perfect but nothing to complain about. The second side is more like what you know Allman can do with music. The first cut, These Days and the second, Multicoloured Lady are fine examples of Allman and his keyboards. An old classic is also to be found among the treasures, Will The Circle Be Unbroken. It is slower than some versions and Allman’s main vocals are backed by a strong chorus of both men and women. They all do a great job and combined with the piano it is a fitting end to a classic album. The Who, especially Pete Townshend, have been busy since Tommy. To show for it all they have recently produced another two album set of some fine music. The effort is called- Quadrophenia and available on MCA Records (MCAZ-10004). All the lyrics are by Townshend. Following their lesson in life with Tommy, the Who have gone on to explore growing up, insanity, psychologists and their new invention-quadrophenia which is the same as schizophrenia only double so you are four characters not just two. The character that is

the centre of all this attention is a boy called Jimmy and the four sides of his character are handled separately by four different members of the Who. In several cuts on the album the four play their different themes that represent the different sides of Jimmy and they often become a symphony of all four themes interwoven together. Unfortunately, there is one small thing that just may spoil all of this. Inside the cover there is a large photograph of Allman and his ‘wife Janice, sitting atop two horses. Both Allmans look very uncomfortable. and the whole impression is forced or staged. They would have been better off to have included some more real scenes like those in the Allman Brothers Jessica album. \ Also produced just in time for the holiday season was a single album of Traffic’s oldies but goodies. On the Road, issued by Capitol Records (SMAS-9336) is a recording of the Traffic tour of Germany. Steve Winwood and Jim Capaldi hold their own with the vocals on the album which although says it was all recorded live and afthough does include some sporadic applause between cuts, has such clear sound it could easity have been produced in a studio. Luckily, however, it wasn’t; so the four cuts*on the album are drawn out to their fullest possible limits just as in any concert. The result is an album that is a good representation of what \Traffic can do and do well. The two album set is an interesting experience-it all comes with a little pictorial booklet explaining all the events in the life of Jimmy and, a essay written by Jimmy about himself. Jimmy is p.lagued b-y parents that want him to be like themselves and particularly a father that “would get pissed out of his brain every single night, and when the telly finished he’d storm out of the house like a lunatic to get to the Eel and Pie shop before it closed.” This set isfull of strong and clear music that is both easy to listen to and not senseless. The most popular so far as the radio stations are concerned is Townshend part of Jimmy-Love Reign O’er Me-the> final cut on the fourth side, a glorious end. \ -Susan

johnson

At the

opera

Early in December ah audience at the University of Waterloo finally had the opportunity to see and hear one of Mozart’s operas presented by the Canadian Opera Company. The event of an opera itself on stage at Waterloo is enough to cause comment; the fact that it was melodic and entertaining was a bonus. Opera seldom makes its way to the hinder-lands even in the form of a touring company, while major cities in North America find it difficult to support an indigenous group. Opera-going is supposed to be a high culture thing to do and although those at the Humanities theatre tried their best to stiffen things up, it was still a relaxed and comfortable evening. Mozart’s operas are above all soundly musically based and entertaining in a mindless sort of way. The mindlessness comes on in the plot which is merely an excuse to sing and play very good music. ‘“Cosi Fan Tutte”’ involves a bet which two young men make about the faithfulness of their L sweethearts. In order to prove or disprove the bet, the men disguise themselves as Albanians and try to woo the women. At first they are rejected, but as the opera progresses the women decide that “although it may be a little naughty, it would be a lot of fun.” Naturally in the end they all live happily ever after. Since it is a musical form, opera naturally calls for singing ability over acting and while none of the cast members were great actors they were adequate to move the simple plot along. John Arab the baritone who played Ferrando, had a fine voice and although none of the others could be called outstanding they were all extremely capable in their roles. Ann Cooper, playing the maid, added a fine touch and was a good comic mime as well as a sprightly actress and singer. Additional comedy was supplied by Phil’Stark and Briane Nasimok, in their non-singing roles as the servants. Although their sole job- was to move furniture and pull a curtain for scene changes they added flourishes which made their appearances on stage delight. Playing the other principal roles was Ronald Bermingham as Guglielmo, Jeannette Dagger ,and Kathleen Ruddell as the sweethearts, and Jan Rubes, the man who inspires the bet and the plot. Errol Gay conducted the small but good orchestra. “Cosi Fan Tutte” is above all an economical opera, ideal for presentation by a touring company. It is circular in plot, simple in cast and beautiful in its music. While it may not reach Wagner&n opulance or decadence it provided some entertaining and witty moments for those watching it as part of the fine arts series presented by the University of Waterloo. -deauna

kaufman

the chevron

riday,

- Mining for c mythos I

, \

11, 1974

The Byrds old and .% new -

Coppermine, Don Cutteridge, Oberon Press, 1973, $2.95.

An orat-& sun at the horizon, where a black earth meets copper sky. Such is the impressive cover of Don Gut=teridge’s new book, Coppermine, a ‘narrative poem about Arctic explorer Samuel Hearne’s “Quest for North”, and ‘the journey of the psyche to its copper core. After a beautiful long narrative called’ Riel (1968), and shorter’ poetical sketches on Champlain, Hudson, Brebeuf, and LaSalle in Death at Quebec (1971), Gutteridge has once more reached into Canadian history for a figure around which to build his poetry. . At a time when Canadian writers are scrambling for a mythological base for their work, one might expect Gutteridge to attempt to raise Samuelu Hearne to the level of symbol or archetype of something rooted deeply in whatever it is we_ call a Canadian consciousness. But it is becoming clear that -one camnnot raise to the bvel of mythology historii=al figures who are not already alive in readers’ minds and em’ot ions. James Reaney notwithstanding, it is impossible to create a mythology from people or things which are either too close at hand, or too far from our awareness; Mythology is forged of that which is close enough to strike emotional chords in people, but far enough to inspire awe or a wondrous respect. The Americans have The Texas Rangers, Al Capone, and more recently perhaps, the hamburger, but Canada is short on historical archetypes. -Louis Riel could be such a figure, and GutteriFl,ge makes good use of hiq in his righteous poem about the -revolutionary cum murderer. But even Riel’s force as a symbol for Canadians is doubtful, if one may judge by the lack of. response to Riel from those who make a living through such responses. It may be that Canada’s historical figures have never made it into the emotional reservoirs of Canadians. It may be that our archetypes must be created-fictitious figures based upon such as Rachel emotional truths, Cameron or or Hagar Shipley, who are now ent;enchedas types of two particular kinds of, Canadian women. In any case, Gutteridge seems aware of the difficulty surrounding poetic use of historical figures. (Who is Samuel Hearne anyway?) Significantly, the poem is not entitled Samuel Hearne, but rather Coppermine. Hearne serves as a convenient framework for a physical and psychic journey, but he never develops much force as a character, and is not the central coocern. This results;on the one hand, in the reader not being forced to identify with an historical figure who probably leaves him cold;.on the other, it necessitates looking elsewhere for the intellectual and epotional thrust of the peom. Hearne’s trip form the Prince of Wales Fort to the North Pole, and from polished European values to a

janyry

centre. There is a good deal of insometimes savage but basic selfknowledge, provides this focus. The tellectual fire ‘at w&k, and Gutte,ridge search for the Coppermine is at-first a manages to make difficult intellectual romantic dream of “...gold visions/even concerns of sustained interest. But it is Midas /would&t touch”, and isdifficult for the reader to make the associated with a glorious and jump from ihtellectual excitement to ritualized satisfaction of lust, a emotional involvement. Hearne’s mind “...dream of/unsemitic virgins/warm on is somehow of mpre interest’ than the/golden altar-cloth:...” The romance Hearne the human being, _ and fades, and is gradually replaced by Matonabee, the Indians and the gnawing hunger (“We chew on our/ Esquimaux, are more symbolic than moccasins, like trapped/foxes eating real. True, they are intended to be less our/own feet”), and a brutal world than human in Hearne’s, the narrator’s characterized by a savage sexuality: ’ eyes, but no one, not evei-r Hearne, “laughter, insults, leers,/ when the achieves enough humanity to make thighs cleave/sun on the small/gourd their struggle northward a gut issue of her/cracked womanhood.” Hearne for the reader. eventually becomes as savage and as - The result is 5 construct of innoble as his Indian guide, Chief -tellectual and verbal power, often Matonabee, and their arrival at the compelling and exciting, but not quite North Pole, at the “coppermine core”, managingttogrip on the level of human is an achievement both fearsome and emotion. This could perhaps be blamed irresistibly attractive. Together they on the poem’s tendency toward learn the black secret of the copphilosophical concerns, but such permi’ne, and of themselves. They blame is at the expense of an essential discover a terrible truth, and exand extremely well handled aspect of perience a deep sense of brotherhood: the poem. Gutteridge’s interweaving of “we share/the mutual dark.” abstract intellectual and concrete On other levels, the poem concerns a imagery is masterful. The blame must need for direction, for definition of be placed mostly on the poem’s one’s place .and ,role on the trail, and inability to let its characters be real .for the development of thought given people. They are seldom more than definition. by language. Hearne’s shadows lurking behind the images. journey is one toward definition on Don Gutteridge continues to explore many levels, a journey on which stark the frontiers between private and visions, both real and imagined, crack public poetry, between lyric and through to the core of the psychic and narrative poetry, and even between external universe. Yeat’s “terrible poetry and prose. Professor W. Walsh, beauty is born”. a, noted scholar of Commonwealth literature, said in a recent lecture that Gutteridge has here created a E.J. Pratt’s work is extremely improfound intellectual consfruct, expressed in a well-woven complex ofportant because it tries to carry the imagery. The images are often startling epic narrative tradition“into the and effective : “Hunger is the beast/ twentieth century. This distinction prowling betweeh/ belly and brain.” belongs to Gutterridge’as well. First And often they are at once unusual and Riel, and now Coppermine, ‘are atclear, conveying the delicate balance of tempts to create figures or events of fear, mystery and compelling vitality such and quality and stature that they throughout: which dominates will claw at some permanent and passionate intercourse is compared to sensitive tissue in the Canadian “rain breathing/on the white ‘seed/of psyche. Coppermine,experiments with the moon”: There is the occasional mythos building and the narrative obscurity (“... udders swelling/at the form at a time when such experimknts creased heat/of her ludicrous/girlish are badly needed. Ultimately, one must thighs”), but on the whole, the poem is call Coppermine, a failure, but it-is a well handled technically. fascinating one, and important for its Its major flaw, and an important one, k intentions. is that it lacks a strong emotional -david cavanagh \ t

In the last year former members of the Byrds have ifidividually recorded several albums that in some cases surpasses their earlrer work. Derek Taylor, the former press agent of the Beatles put it ,best, “They are one of the few groups with value, who relate to values beyond the sound of music, regrettably they have been forgotten by the mass audience of popular music.” The Byrds unfailingly played good music for dine years and yet only several of their recordings have been recognized for their true value. Last year a nutiber of albums were released by the Byrds and members bf the group. The last Byrds album, The Byrds was a get-together of the original membersGene Clarke, Chris Hiilman, Roger McGuinn, Michael Clarke, and David Crosby. It is a mediocre album with only two or three songs rising above the poor production quality. Although the material is overproduced, poorly chosen and -sloppily arranged, Gene Clarke’s two original songs “Full Circle” and “Changing Heart” are interesting. Each is tightly arranged with a mixture of harmonica, 12-string guitars and of course, the unforgettable harmonies of the Byrds. Roger McGuinn, the leader of the Bycds released a solo album, Roger McGuinn. The album touches a wide variety of moods and musical styles-Dylanesque folk, electronic rock, traditional folk carribbean and country. Charles Lloyd adds some nice jazz sax on two songs. David Crosby appears frequently with the appropritate harmonies and other members of the Byrds help McGuinn get back to the band’s early sound. The variety of music both strengthens and weakens the album. The songs fail to stand together as one unit, an important quality in any album. It could have been recorded over a period of several years and fails to giye the listener an understanding of where McGuinn is, as a person at the present time. His’ability to articulate this in his music has been an important quality of his previous work and it is the only failure of this recording. Gene Clarke’s solo album White. Light is more coherent than McGuinn’s. He remains in a bluesy folk vein throughout the record. Gene Clarke is one of the most underrated folk artists today and this album proves it. His music is mellow and his-words are honest. Gene Clarke’s songs paint pictures of people and places with‘an accuracy seldom found in contemporarymusic. The arrangements are tight and never cluttered by unneeded instruments and voices. Though the range of Gene Clarke’s voice is limited, he sings his songs effectively and lets one listen to the words for they are as important as the music. Its failures are few and can be forgotten. I cannot praise this album enough. Gram Parsons joi?ed the Byrds after most of the original members had left. He was most responsible for the Byrd’s finest achievement, their country album Sweetheart of the Rodeo. In his solo album, Gram Parsons, he has refined his country style from west coast rock to a mixture of folk and cbuntry music. The bitter satirical comments ofJis earlier work are gone. He has been successful in writing and choosing songs of a traditional Nashville country and western variety. The excellent arrangements and individual performances of the album’s musicians are the pmrincipal assets of the recording. The spirit and talent of the Byrds lives on in these albums. Though the group has disbanded, Roger McGuinn, Gene Clarke and Gram Parsons have each put together a solo album worthy of praise and attention.

-michael

gorddn

friday,

january

the chevron

11, 1974

Political. murders? /

account of the John Kennedy assassination, Assassination films are emerging as a neither as a political film, nor as a fashionable motion picture genre. Film- , ‘works makers are belatedly beginning to use their thriller. -behind official Executive Action subscribes to a good cameras to Pry smokescreens, and the public, always on the lookout for conspiracies and political thrills, is easily lured to the box office. Short liners and flaming of sinking ocean skyscrapers, no subject is as cinematically grrppmg as assassination. And few have been as badly handled: Recent films about political murder have been, for the most part, films about murder, not about politics. With few exceptions, the emphasis has been on the thrilling hows and whens, not on the *political whys. The Day of the-Jackal is typical of this trend ‘in assassination films. Fred Zinsharply * on nemann focuses the character of the assassin and his real-life chess moves against the police inspector who is stalking him. But the film provides no political discussion about the right wing Secret Army Organization which hires the jackal ‘and why they want DeGaulle assassinated, and gives no sense of the political climate in France after the Algerian War. We are asked simply to accept that there are political motivations behind the assassination so we can pay attention to the important details of the hunt. The result is entertaining but politically vapid. The French Conspiracy written by Jorge Semprum who also wrote Z, is politically more substantial and ambitious than the The Day of the Jackal. The film concentrates neither on the assassin, nor the assassinated (an exiled, leftist, Moroccan leader played convincingly by Gian Maria Volonte), but on a left-wing informer (Jean Louis Trintignant) who unwittingly sets up the kidnap of the Moroccan leader, Sadiel. The film is a fictional attempt to’explain the events surrounding the abduction and disappearance of a real Moroccan leader named Ben Barka in Paris in 1965, and it postulates a believable conspiracy involving French televison executives, US embassy officials, Parisian gangsters, Moroccan generals, French police and the Prime Minister. But despite all this, the film does little to enlighten us about the political issues involved. Director Yves Boisset seems more concerned with the purely dramatic question ,of whether the informer will live long enough’to expose the truth, than he is with the process by which he put his own security above his political principles and became a police informer. And Sadie1 delivers several sentimental, humanistic speeches about Morocco, but there is not one shot taken in Morocco, no portrayal of social or political conditions there, no sense , of the popular movement which recognizes Sadie1 as its leader. The events of The French Conspiracy take place in a vacuum, cut off from the political context which created them. the most disappointing By far, assassination film released recently is based on the most notorious assassination of our time. Executive Action, a fictionalized

number of conspiracy theories that have been advanced over the years to explain contradictory evidence surrounding the assassination: the theory of the double Oswald, as Oswald as patsy, of triangulated fire, of Jack Ruby as a CIA contact, of a encompassing high-level conspiracy Southern industrialists and government officials. This is certainly a welcome improvement over the Warren Commission report which tried to depoliticize the entire’ affair and bury Oswald as a lone nut. First of all, the film, like the Warren

Report, is miserably unconvincing. An aerial shot of the Texas Book Depository shows 1972 cars and roadsigns; the acting by Burt Lancaster, Robert Ryan and others is weak; Kennedy is simplistically portrayed as standing for peace and civil rights, never as the, cold warrior of the Cuban Missile Crisis or the man w’ho tried to block the 1963 March on Washington; the conspiracy is carried out without a serious hitch, which must be a cinematic as well as an historical first; a final shot of eighteen material witnesses who died fails to explain how a single one of them was connected to the assassination; there is scarcely any effort made to, recreate the political atmosphere of 1963 beyond the use of a few newsreels so that one feels intellectually and politically disconnected from events and emotionally disconnected from the assassinat ion. Secondly, producer Edward Lewis, director David Miller, and screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, have merely substituted an isolated group of fanatics for the Warren Commission’s lone fanatic. It is a sanitized, hermetic conspiracy made palatable for mass audiences. Not too threatening, even a bit Iikeable for their charm and their penchant for bourbon and Shakespeare. There is no attempt to show the source of their power, their connections to the CIA, with the military with other capitalists, with the organized right. In short, they are operating in a vacuum: their politics formed by watching Kennedy sell out to the communists and blacks on television, their power exerted through technological gadgets. Oswald might as well have pulled the trigger alone. The novel by Mark Lane and Don Freed on which the film is based is much more compelling, despite a tendency toward cheap sensationalism. But for some reason Dalton Trumbo’s screenplay omits an important scene at a ‘California nudist camp where the plotters are shown to be well connected to the like of Nixon and Goldwater; omits the seamy character based on David Ferrie; omits the character of the technician through whose eyes we get a different, more complex perspective of the conspiracy. Whatever the reasons for these changes, whatever the reasons for the sloppy cinematic execution, Executive Action is neither history, nor political education, nor thrills. If assassination films are to succeed as a genre, they will have to deal honestly with difficult political questions, rather than pass politics off as a blurred backdrop. The possi blit ies for such politically sophisticated assassination films has already been demonstrated by such movies as State of Seige and Burn. In State of Seige, based on the kidnapping and execution of US AID official, Dan Mitrione, by Uruguayian Tupamaros, we know the outcome from the start, so Costa-Gavras can engage his audience in a serious political dialogue about whether the guerillas should commit the assassination. And in Burn, Gilo Pontecorvo devotes two hours to the history of colonialism on the island of Ouemada, all by way of introduction to the assassination of the archcolonialist played by Marlon Brando, which takes just a second and is as politically understandable as it is swift. ) by Robert Friedman University Keyiew

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the chevron

Remembering Marxism By David

Horowitz

The academic community has traditionally been governed by conservative elites who in order to ensure their position have excluded ideas that are critical of the status quo. Marxism, despite its ability to provide insight into many of the problems faced by modern society, has been one of the most suppressed schools of thought. The following article, adapted from David Horowitz’ essay Marxism and its Place in Modern Economics (in The Fate ‘-of Midas, Ramparts Press) takes a critical look at the way the economics establishment has ignored Marxism, in preference to less comprehensive models.

In the last hundred years, the mainstream of economic science has been challenged by a variety of heretics-from Thorstein Veblen to John A. Hobson, from Major Douglas. to Silvio Gesell. But none has sustained that challenge so long, or raised it to such threatening proportions for the security and self-confidence of the economic establishment, as Karl Marx. The footnotes and parenthetical asides of orthodox economic texts are pepperedwith instant refutations of Marx; and equally devasting sarcasm directed at his phantom _disciples, whose specific arguments are rarely presented in any detail, and whose names (let alone works) are hardly mentioned. This is no oversight but rather a subtle and exform of censorship tremely effective which is practiced in all academic fields and partly accounts for the fact that there are so few tenured Marxists in the academy-today. In explaining the awesome vitality of Marx, reference is often made to the existence of a global revolutionary movement which looks to his work for theoretical guidance. But this only puts the paradox another -way. How can a century old analysis provide the theoretical basis for the forces of change in the contemporary era? Conversely how can the imposingly modern body of with all its economic theory, sophisticated techniques, appear to the revolutionary and radical forces of the world, whether in the rice paddies of Vietnam or the academic quadrangles of Berkeley and Harvard, so sterile, so conservative, -and so irrelevant to the issues of our time? The starting point of an answer to these questions lies in the recognition that Marxism and orthodox economics represent two complimentary scientific paradigms. The Marxist paradigm is expressly constructed to analyse a system based on private capital and wage-labour. It is macro-economic and dynamic in character. It advances the notion that the central pivot of the present system is a relationship that is at the same time social and economic: namely, the institution of private property in the means of production. The orthodox paradigm on the other hand is basically static and oriented toward micro-economics. Above all, it abstracts from the. specific differen-tiating characteristics of capitalist society in order to universalize its concepts and applications. , The orthodox model is extremely

The most unbrgdtable economic theory I ever met useful as a framework for dealing with certain technical problems, such as the. of optimalization and the problem analysis of market behavior both at the micro- and macroeconomic levels. But given the lack of specificity in its primary assumptions and its failure to incorporate into the model the basic characteristics of a capitalist social economy, it is ill-equipped to analyze the structural determinants of the shape and development of that social economy. Insofar as the problems of capitalism do not stem from- inefficiencies in existing markets, but from the influence of institutions outside the market (e.g. property and inherited capital accumulations) and therefore outside the of orthodox analysis, that purview powerless to analysis is relatively provide real understanding’ or insight. Hence its seeming irrelevance. There is a certain irony in the,fact that the nature of these two paradigms, and complimentary especially their character, has long been recognized by

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serious independent Marxists, but not by the proponents of orthodoxy. The presumably liberal neoclassicists and high priests of the academic establishment who pay homage to the values of pluralism continue to deny Marxism its place in the economic curriculum. Worse orthodox economists (via‘ a yet, bastardized concept called the neoclassical synthesis) claim precisely that analytical range for their own analysis (namely the socio-economic system as a whole) which its very structure precludes them from claiming, thereby transforming their restrictively valid statements into generalized exercises in ideology and metaphysics. An ideology brooks no competitors, and Marxism is therefore kept well outside the bounds of academic respectability. To economists brought up in the orthodox tradition, the foregoing will be far from self-evident, and a brief ex-cursion into the history of economic doctrine may , therefore, throw some light on the problemand at the very

least _

indicate

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one exists.

During the half century before the Keynesian Revolution, the marginalists were introducing mathematical rigour into economics and bringing it up to “scientific” status. Throughout this period, Marx and his disciples were looked upon with thundering scorn.\ “Now-here,” wrote Professor Alex‘ander Gray in a standard text of the period, “is there in print such a miracle of confusion, such a supreme example of how not to reason,” as in Marx. Even more famous was Keynes’s assault. “How can I accept a doctrine,” he wrote in 1926,. “which sets up as its bible an obsolete textbook which I know to be not only scientifically erroneous but without interest or application for the modern world .” The irony of this was that Keynes himself, by returning to some of the abandonned macro-economic concerns of the classical economists, opened the way to a reappraisal _of Marx’s contribution to economic theory. For fifty years orthodox economists had regarded the economy as a full employment equilibrium--quitein contrast to the Marxian picture, in which crisis was indigenious to the system. In I929 reality forced its way into academic consciousness and stimulated Keynes’s agonizing reappraisal of the received tradition. When the revisions were completed, it was apparent that, in Joan Robinson’s words, “Academic theory, by a path of its own (had) arrived at a position which bears considerable resemblance to Marx’s system”. There were in both Keynes and Marx propositions to the effect that investment generates purchases without sales and so promotes

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boom conditions; in both a repudiation of Say’s Law; and in both the notion that the inherent tendencies of the system are toward something less than full employment equilibrium. Given the realistic assumptions of the Marxian model, it is not surprising that Marx’s business cycle theory should receive the high praise of so eminent and conservative an authority as Joseph Schumpeter. “In Marx,” wrote all the Schumpter , “we find practically elements that ever entered into any ’ serious analysis of business cycles, and on the whole very little error. Moreover it must not be forgotten that the mere perception of the existence of cyclical movements was a great achievement at the time” Even more striking is the reappraisal of Marxian theory which some honest and honorable Keynesians undertook after Keynes’s original macrostatic‘ analysis had been made dynamic by his disciples. In other words “The Marxof Professor Kurihara: ian theory of capitalist development anticipates many modern long-run theories, namely the stagnation theories of Keynes and Hansen, the dynamic theories of Harrod and Domar, the ‘cyclical growth’ theories of Schumpter , Kalecki, Kaldor and Goodwin, and Mrs. Joan Robinson’s theory of structural under-employment .” Professor L.R. Klein even went so far as to descibe Marx’s theory as “probably the origin of macro-economics”. (One cannot find any however, in similar recognition, Samuelson’s currently standard textbook, Economics.) What does this episode from the history of economic doctrine tell us, aside from the fact that Keynes and his fellow academics read Marx superficially if at all? It tells us first that it was possible for several generations of economists, operating in what to all appearances was a completely liberal and open academic environment, to dismiss a major economist from serious consideration and to exclude from its institutions an economic school whose analyses possessed far more insight into the macro-economic system than anything to be found in the orthodox tradition. Moreover this exclusion was not made on the grounds that Marxism was subversive; the professors would not have permitted themselves such an illiberal stance.’ Rather Marxism was regarded as unscientific, unprofessional and not up to the accepted academic standards. The continuing academic suppression of Marx and Marxism is a phenomenon that requires no active intervention, but through the “normal” takes place workings ‘of the market. It is a suppression nonetheless. Many writers who took the time to ponder this problem in the wake of the Keynesian revolution came to the conclusion that the earlier exclusion of Marxism from the realms of, legitimate economic science was the result of misunderstanding. PreKeynesian orthodox analysis was primarily a static theory of economic equilibrium concerned with microeconomic problems, while Marxism was a macro-economic theory of dynamic change. Thus, the two belonged to different ranges of economic theory. Once this was recognized, the gap between them would cease to exist and a dialogue could take place. Joan Robinson, a Keynesian and a pioneer of modern price theory, even concluded her essay on Marxian economics with an observation that future progress in would depend on using economics academic methods to solve the problems posed by the Marxist model. The reason for this continuing gap

between the Marxian and the orthodox approaches to the study of economic society is that Marxism is first of all a class analysis. Its paradigm is not framed in terms of profit-maximizing individuals or economic units in the The Marxian focus is marketplace. rather on the encounter between two socioeconomic classes: owners of capital and the wage-labourers. On the relationship of these two classes, the whole productive and distributive process turns; from it the power relations of the legal-political infrastructure of capitalist society develop and grow. The continuing schism between these two approaches to economics is /accounted for by the inability of orthodox theory to assimilate the Marxian class analysis and its revolutionary implications. - Admittedv, it isnot mereIy inertia that has sustained the neoclassical model for so long, nor even its utility as a conservative ideology. Despite its distance from the concrete conditions of the capitalist economy, the effort to study the maximizing behaviour of individuals in a perfectly competitive market has, as already noted, led to a highly sophisticated and even useful theory of economic rationality (the optimalization of means for the realization ofI given ends). This is a technical problem in any economic society and the orthodox techniques devised to solve it (from marginalism to linear programming) have practical utility recognized both by corporate and government planning agencies. But to take a model designed for analysing the I general problem of resource allocation and apply it, as orthodox economists do, to the structurally distinct problem of understanding the shape and development of a specific economic system, is to abandon science for ideology. The end result is a confused, insubstantial and intellectually un: worthy “synthesis”. Around it, texts like Samuelson’s Economics are written, and the standard liberal apologetics are built. Marxist economics, on the other hand, is an economics which builds its model and selects its categories in such a way as to illuminate the manner in which the functional relationships of the capitalist economy flow from and are shaped by the defining production (property) relations of capitalist society. The Marxian analysis begins with the perception that the social institution of private property in the means of production (capital) results in . investment surplus accruing to capital owners under conditions which dictate certain behavioural functions. As Heilbroner puts it: the Marxian model connects production functions to privilege functions. In short, the qualifications that may be brought in as an afterthought at the end of bourgeois analysis are placed at the very center of the Marxian analytic effort. It is important to stress that the property institution, the fact that the majority of the population is barred from the ownership of capital (and thus from the means of subsistence), is what makes it possible for one class to appropriate a surplus. In other words there is a class monoploy of the means of production. traditional Marxist Thus the paradigm which is capable of analyzing capitalism as an historically specific, class-determined social formation: As such. it provides an indispensable framework for understanding the development and crisis of the present social- system and, as an intellectual outlook, would occupy a prime place in any scientific . institution worthy of the name.

chevroneditorial The amount of ‘political power’ students at Waterloo exercise (or have exercised in the past) is largely a function of their ability to obtain concessions through threat of disruption. Students presently, as in the past, have no ‘meaningful’ legitimately recognized power-base within the ‘community of scholars’. Student senators, who hold nine out of the sixty-seven seats or less than fifteen percent of the positions on the . senate, have no direct links to their constituents after they are electedthere is no provision made for recall or impeachment if they prove to be unrepresentative. ’ The decision to exclude the Federation of Students from the senate and the board of governors was politically astute. The final objective, as everyone could see, was to frustrate the potentiality of a unified, centralized and therefore, effective student opposition within the university ‘power structure. With the passing of the University of Waterloo Act in 1972, the Federation of Students was finally stripped of any pretention of legitimacy within the decision making process of the university and relegated to the role of an entertainment corn- _._ mittee. The U of W act was simply the institutional response to the student power days of the late ‘60’s. Since its inception in ‘67 the Federation of Students has had to consistently deal with the same contradictions. It has very little active support from the student body, in areas other than entertainment and related social functions, while at the same time, requiring this support in order to accomplish any fundamental institutional changes. The university administration, realizing that the students and their various organizations on campus’ are not united in singleness of purpose, has exploited the divisions within the student body to its advantage. The referrendum on compulsary fees, forced on the federation by the administration and held nearly two years ago, is an example of administration’s eager exploitation on internal disputes-in this case between the engineering society and the federation. Recent federation administrations have further weakened the federation itself: by giving increasing amounts of decision-making authority to the various student societies on campus. The future, as far as democratization of the university is concerned, is bleak, , if the students organizations end up spending their time fighting amongst themselves while the administration smiles knowingly in the background. If the current trend continues the federation councils may as well meet just once a , year to divide up the quarter of a million among the societies and clubs, then disband operations. The up-coming presidential and council elections hold the key to the future of ‘the student movement’ at Waterloo for several years to come.

member: canadian university pre& (CUP) and Ontario weekly newspaper association (OWNA). The chevron is typeset by dumont press graphix and published by the federation of students, incorporated, university of Waterloo. Content is the responsibility of the chevron staff, independent of the fedeiation, Offices are located in the campuscentre; phone (519) 885~1660,885-1661 or university local 2331.

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i have long looked forward to the day when i could write my first masthead for you have not made it in the world of chevron journalism until you have written your first masthead. but now that the time has come for that task to be completed i can only complain, in the words of I. Cohen, ‘0, must it come so hard and o so late at night’ but then every great goal .must hide its bit of bitterness and after the struggle to find something interesting to report on this can’? be all that bad. the table of malcontents, as they say at Ins, includes such notables asgrahameaitken, mihaii murgoci, randy hannigan, lisa and kris (the sports department didn’t tell us their last names) paul sharpe, linda lounsberry, Susan johnson, joe Sheridan, mike gordon, Chris bechtel, tony jenkins, don ballanger, mel rotman, john keyes, dudley Paul, Susan phillips. deanna kaufman, mycroft holmes, nick savage, star reporter john morris, rod hay.

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’ his year’s chevrons are ,costing you * somewhat more than thirty -thousand dollars from the Federation of Students annual budget. which works out to about three dollars per student. This hefty piece of ’ the federation pie goes to pay salaries for three fulltime chevron workers, assorted administrative costs, and those capital expenditures, major and minor, which are necessary to keep the paper -alive. An additional fifty thousand dollars in printing and publishing costs is met from advertising revenues. It’s a lot of money. Unfortunately, it takes a good deal more than just money to make the chevron a useful and meaningful service for the students who pay for it. Like any volunteer student organization, the chevron is‘always in need of student volunteers. So here it is-we’d like-to have you working with us on the chevron andth’is is our pitch.

The function of a campus newspaper is primarily to ask and answer those questions which are not raised elsewhere; questions concerning the way a university is run, for example, or the operations of a student government, or the meaning and purpose of education. Stude.nt newspapers, unbound by the restrictions that shackle the daily press, are free to enquire into the structure of the university, and to challenge the underlying assumptions upon which the schools system has been built by its parent I society. It is clearly not enough simply to accept the I notion of the university .as knowledge dispensary, as a mere preparation for life in the real world. Our

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years spent studying must also be employed in examining the nature of that world and often questioningthe roles which it calls on us to fill, as men and women, -as anthropologists or mechanical engineers, as teachers or tramps. We must also look at those who, unlike us, have never been inside a university, recognizing that it is often no more than wealth and social class that separates ourselves from them. Through a newspaper, we can bring all these matters to discussion with every other member of the student body, and so bring ourselves closer to a common understanding of the factors governing them. “But I can’t write.” Maybe not, but writing, like most things, is largely an acquired art, and you don’t need to be Shakespeare to say what needs to be said. _ Even if your interests do not extend to writing of course, there’s lots more you can do. Whether your forte lies in such mundane, anally-retentive tasks such as copy-editing or typing, ,or whether you’d feel more at home doing page design, photography, graphics or a couple of dozen other absorbing pastimes, the chevron is able and willing to accommodate you. I Come down a&see us, we’re easy to find: The chevron offices are located in the north corner of the campus center, half-way down to the basement, and there3 generally somebody here and Tuesday and any day during the week, Wednesday evenings. Look for the door that says CHEVRON.