1973-74_v14,n26_Chevron

Recently, the only activity on campus captured by the chevroi, photographers has bee’n the expressions and impressions of the continuotis stream’of guest speakers that have been gracing the campus.

Chester Buczek found Boyce Richardson in the Math and Computer buildingspeaking to the group gathered there about the

controversia/ laines Bay project.

Richardson is the at least to most of us, Geoffrey Elton was this years author of a book on the topic lames Bay which is a special guest lecturer for the university’s Hagey letfurther discussion of his views and arguments directed tures.

He managed to spend those three days talking about historical reason and attracted many faculty, against the policies of the federa/ and Quebec . students and community.members to the series. Randy provincial governments. , Speaking .for three days on a somewhat less vital issue, Ha.nnigan caught him on film.

University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario volume 14, number 25 friday, february 1, 1974

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It’s that time ‘of year **-************************************ ************************************** In two weeks, some twenty per cent of you will visit the polling booths to elect the next president of the Federation of Studen-ts.

This is not quite so trivial an event as it may sound-history tells us that the difference between a creative and intelligentpresident, and a president ‘who is an illiterate bozo, can be fairly pronounced in affecting students’ lives.

After all, the president you elect will have an important hand in spending a quarter of a million dollars of your money, and each candidate, has <different ideas on , how that tidy, little sum should be ‘disposed of.

Because of this, the chevron is inviting the three presidential candidates-David Assmann, Baron Loader and Andrew Telegdito an ‘open interview’ in the Great Hall of the Campus Centre at one o’clock next Monday, February 4. At this forum, each candidate will be asked to reply to a list of questions concerning his qualifications, his platform, and his politics.

Time will also be allotted for rebuttals.

The list of major questions will be prepared by chevron staff and given to the candidates today for preparation of replies.

The interview will be taped by Radio Waterloo, and the tapes transcribed for publication in next week’s chevron, either in whole, or -with the consent of the participating candidates-edited to conform with space limitations.

No other submissions from candidates will be accepted by the chevron, in order that all their statements should be subject to rebuttal by each other.

Following the interview proper, the candidates will field questions from‘the floor.

All students are-invited to attend-it’s good to know what you’re voting for.

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SAN JOSE, Calif. -The Hell’s Angels motorcycle club has launched an advertising campaign against what it considers hard drugs, saying its members have renounced dope and want to set others straight.

A Spokesman said the Angels do not consider marijuana, barbiturates or amphetamines to be hard drugs. The cluk has leased three billboards to carry their messages: No Hope with Dope. It is also printing brochures and its members will make speeches to student groups, the spokesman added.

Police remained skeptical.

“All I go by is their past experience and I doubt they’re about to change,” one officer said.

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ATTENTiON U -of W _WE’RE PISSED . OFF!

Electron

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imperialism

The development of the computer industry has had a great influence on the productive forces of Canada and the U.S. This development has been controlled

by U.S. companies, primarily IBM, with the result that another aspect of Canada’s economy is under U.S. control. This is so important bemuse of the central role that computers now play in the functioning of business.

It is critical to depend on the U.S., through companies like IBM, to support and develop what has become the core of the operation of so many companies.

The main topic of concern today is whether controls over the computer industry in Canada should be implemented.

Government policy in the past has been to support the U.S. computer companies in the form of subsidies such as those to IBM and recently to NCR to build in Kitchener-Waterloo.

Now the government is supposedly considering some action to control the industry; but, in all likelihood these controls would be as ineffective as the foreign investments bill which is likely to have no effect on U.S. control of Canadian economy.

The University of Waterloo is one of Canada’s centres of computer science and as such should be concerned about the current status of the computer industry in Canada and its place in the struggle for Canadian independence from American control.

However, there has only been silencg, perhaps indicative of the strong American influence over the academic world.

The fact is that the computer industry is related to the struggle for Canadian independence.

This struggle requires the development of a broader technological base to support an independent economy.

This includes the need for a Canadian computer industry. Canadians must realize the economic capabilities which the computer provides for a‘country the size of Canada and use them to help make indep,endence feasible. One important effect is that the economy of scale is lowered to a point where’ it is economical to have extensive secondary industry in Canada. This is part of the decentralizing tendency which computers are not providing.

The question is whether it is necessary to usurp the American control of the computer industry in Canada in the drive for independence.

Such questions require a great deal of open discussion and on February 5 there fwill be a public meeting to consider the importance of the computer industry in the fight for an independent Canada.

The discussion will be led by Gary Perly, National’ Chairman of the Canadian Liberation Movement, who is a former systems engineer for IBM and who has had extensive experience in the computer industry.

The Canadian Liberation Movement is dedicated to building an independent and socialist Canada. The meeting will be held at 8 p.m. in Campus Centre 135.

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Business opportunity MONTREAL ( CUP1 )---The University of Montreal ended the 197% 73 academic year with a profit of $1978 million, rector Roger Gaudry reported January 23.

Economy measures helped the university reach a similar profit of $1.6 million last year, Gaudrey said, but the university’s accumulated deficit is still $2.092 million.

The number of students registered in diploma courses in the university and two affiliated schools rose about 6 per cent to just over 23,000.

The profit was realized by cutbacks in research projects, not renewing expired contracts of professors and administrative belt, tightening.

The accumulated.deficit was large part due to U de M having to . reimburse employees for accumulated sick leave. The sick leave plan was replaced July 1,1973 by a salary increase plan.

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A few undergraduates managed to penetrate the “private” faculty club last Tuesday afternoon to hear Helen Haworth discuss the stereotypes of women in romantic literature during the nineteenth century\ While, for some, this period was the beginning of their awareness and the fight for women’s liberation, the ideas of even the most radical of the literary world are fypified by these words; “instead of becoming inferior men /et us be content with becoming noble women.”

Doris Wilson was the photographer.

Elton’s nreference.One must take an objeciive view of the events that transpired, study all the available evidence, retain no preconceived notions, and attempt to determine all the probable causes for the effect under study. He concluded with the thought that “we cannot know more than the evidence tells us”. Historians must seek only to a discipline, with’ a methodology know what has been, more comand purpose peculiar to itself. pletely; any attempt to use this knowledge to predict or envision The nature of that methodology what will be can lead only to and purpose was the critical issue. inadequate history.

Elton stated his opposition to the Monday night was the high point “subjective” approach to of the series. The second night’s historical research, claiming that exposition was considerably more this tended to tailor history to the down to earth.

Elton waxed needs of society rather than simply autobiographical for awhile, uncovering the historical truth. primarily to recount how the This “thesisdominated” form of methodology he had espoused the history comes to form a perception prior evening had led him to his of the past in terms of an “discovery” of Thomas Cromwell overriding pattern which ostenwhile engaged in a study of Henry sibly can then be used to anticipate VIII’s court. He then continued to future developments.

As examdescribe the work currently being ples of this, Elton cited the done on the British House of Christian and Marxian concepts of history.

These suppose that there _ Commons as an example of faulty investigational procedure.

This, is an innate reason for our race and a couple of other remarks,’ evolving as it has the knowledge of evoked the raising of a few learned which’will allow us to determine eyebrows among the members of the direction in which it will go. the audience.

Elton’s criticism of this apWhile his arguments were well proach to historical research made, the tone of condecension stemmed from his observation which flavoured occasional that it-tends to predict an outcome statements tended to subvert their and then gather evidence with this impact. ’ His most interesting knowledge in mind. In his view, comments of the night occurred “the essence of historical methods during the question period.

In is adverse to the notion and answer to a query on the future of practice of prophecy”.

Historians the British monarchy, for must look at an effect and then example, he observed that under search for its causes, not the present conditions one should not reverse.

They seem today to be worry too much, for the monarchy more interested in the future than would probably last longer than in the past.

Great Britain.

Elton suggested that people For the final lecture Elton enprefer a “thesis-oriented” concept deavoured to posit a justification of history, perhaps because it for his livelihood.

It was a offers them a security of sorts in passionate defence.

The notion its “knowledge” of where society that “History is fun” was termed is headed.

He -mentioned the inadequate and tossed to the continuing popularity of the wolves. With it went the idea that Christian concept, and the revival a knowledge of the past is essential of Marxism after its decline in the to our perception of’the present, or 1950’s as illustrative of this preparation for the future. proclivity .

In l their place he presented the An approach that avoids thesis is “moral and intellectual virtues” of

Let the dead bu’ry the dead

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That annual exercise in academic show and tell known as the Hagey Lectures has come and gone with the January thaw. Each year the university attempts to entice someone who is Somebody within the realm of his-her (mostly his) scholastic bent to come on campus and “challenge, stimulate and enrich all members of this academic community”(as the program notes 1, a formidable undertaking in anyone’s book.

Last year there were no takers.

This year, however, Geoffrey Elton of Cambridge (England) was persuaded to come and pontificate upon that which he does to put bread on the table, i.e., the writing of history.

This he is reputed to do quite well. The list of his publications and accomplishments on the publicity handouts was lengthy, to the point of including his predilections for squash and cabinet making.

To his more immediate credit is the fact that he is an engaging and articulate speaker.

“A Critique of Historical Reason” aside, his talks were quite entertaining, and controversial enough to give the audience something to whisper about. A few dashes of mild invective against colleagues such as E.H. Carr added spice to the concoction, and a fine time was had by all.

In his first lecture, Elton set out to explain historical research to those of us who had supposed that the sole reason for written history is to enable us to have all the details at our fingertips when it comes time to repeat the mistakes of the past. He described history as an imprecise science in many respects, based as it is upon imperfect records and relics of the past-but insisted on its place as

history.

The world would be two dimensional without history, Elton stated.

“Morality, compassion, understanding.. .are not obtainable without the dimension of the past.”

He lambasted the “doomsayers and false prophets” who are apparently leading the world down the garden path with their exaggerated descriptions of the world’s problems.

Put in the proper historical perspective, he suggested, things really aren’t so bad at all.

It was at this stage of the proceedings that Elton’s rhetoric became just a bit too flabby to the ears of yo-ur bemused observer.

After stating that men and, presumably , women too) have killed their fellow men “much more frequently and efficiently in the _ past”, he reiterated the thought without the “efficiently”, having perhaps just seen the hole in his-argument.

We do indeed have many of the same problems today as in the past; the point is that the accruing adverse effects tend to be somewhat more final, simply because we have become more efficient in both the good and evil that we do. Elton suggested that the ban-the-bomb movement faded away because “new dooms have been discovered”, presumably pollution or overpopulation.

It was meant to be a funny remark.

For the conclusion of his remarks, Elton took the social sciences to issue, sociology in particular, because he had never heard a sociologist say anything that “either wasn’t obviously true or obviously untrue”.

Due to its lack of any “paradigmatic structure? history can, in Elton’s view, save society from those social scientists who would inflict their theories upon it for its own good. This it would do by teaching us to be humble and grateful for the fact that “things” are so much better today than they were in the past.

After pointing out that epicureanism has little place in the writing of history, Elton stated in summary that: “The freedom of man depends upon the continuity and maintenance of historical studies”, a legitimate and sensible statement by any standard, although he did not bother to define what he meant by “freedom”.

The British school of stoicism has an eloquent defender in Geoffrey Elton.

-pauI

mamelka

Arts to suffer Only four months after returning from his sabbatical leave, Paul Cornell resigned from his position as Dean of Arts. Cornell had been suffering heavy criticism for his faculty’s deficit operating budget before his untimely departure on December 14 of last year.

Apparently, Cornell had been asked several times by vice-president academic Howard Petch to try and trim away some of the fat. Cornell had refused to make any attempts to cut down on the spending and soon thereafter left his post.

Cornell is refusing to make any comment whatsoever about his resignation..

An interim dean has been appointed-Pat Rowe.

Enrolment in the arts faculty

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has been dropping rapidly in recent years-at least ten percent each year. Forecasts for next school year are‘ even worse; predictions being that enrolment will drop to seventy-five percent of what it is this year. If this does happen there will be only six hundred undergraduates on the Waterloo campus.

Naturally enough, faculty are going to be seriously affected by this. Twenty-five members of the arts faculty are to be cut from staff by next december, if the picture does not change. In the history department, to take an example, three out of the four Canadian history professors will lose their tenure. Canadian professors are the hardest hit in nearly any department because they are less established and less secure of the departments-the department heads being American citizens in most cases.

Meanwhile, Cornell is off on another sabbatical in June and the salaries of those professors retained continue to rise oblivious to the changing situation.

-reid

glenn

Active hostil[ty An employee of Active Towing, the university’s cutthroat carnapping service, has been charged with common assault by a University of ’ Waterloo student following an incident last Tuesday night.

The student Patrick Murphy, had his car removed from the road leading into B parking lot while attending an evening class.

Deducing the obvious, Murphy went to the parking compound behind the Bauer warehouse on the university’s north campus to retrieve his captive vehicle.

At the compound, Murphy inquired of Active Towing operator Norman Sandford as to the cost of having his car ransomed, but left when he was unable to produce the requisite ten dollars, only toreturn shortly when Sandford had appently left.

Murphy then crawled under the fence back into the compound to inspect his car for possible damage, he says, but was startled after a few minutes when Sandford and his truck returned.

He crouched in front of the car to conceal himself, but was unsuccessful.

He claims that Sandford removed him forcibly from the vehicle, then struck him several times on the face and head, knocking him l senseless. Murphy sustained lacerations and bruises to his right eye and forehead, and was subsequently treated by the night nurse at Health Services.

On Wednesday, ‘Murphy laid the charge of common assault against Sandford. The first hearing is set for the last week of February.

Describing the action allegedly taken by the Active Towing employee as “entirely inappropriate to the situation”, Murphy beleieves that the university should not tolerate such conduct on the part of companies with whom it has contractual agreement, and that the administration should sever its relationship with the towing company at the earliest opportunity. r -nick

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B&W. French with English subtitles.

Renoir described this brilliant tragicomedy as “a sort of reconstructed documentary on the condition of society at a given moment.”

La Regle du Jeu is a satirical study of a way of life that stifles all opportunity for love and friendship.

Humanity, warmth and gPnerosity infuse the film and confound one’s intellectual disapproval of Renoir’s occasional flippancy and lack of discipline.

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The’ J-a.mesBay swindleY It took Judge Albert Malouf five months to arrive at the,decision to halt the James Bay hydro-electric devel;pment until the necessary investigations were carried out to deter’mine whether or not to scrap Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa’s venture altogether.

Yet for all the testimony and reports that had been presented during the months of review that preceded Malouf ‘s decision, the _ Quebec Appeals Court overturned it after five hours of deliberation.

The balance of conveniencewhich is to say who is apt to be set , back the most by a decision-was not set in favour of the Cree and Innuit people. The James Bay Development Corporation managed to convince the appeals court that it had some legitimate territorial consideration over people who have depended on the land for centuries.

At the outset, with the appeal court decision coming only a week after the Malouf injunction, there was a discreet amount of critivism \levied against the proceedirig It awarded a favourable return to a company which did not need to utter as much as a word of argument to support its appeal to have Malouf’s conclusion overturned. The burden of proof was placed on the native people. This does seem to be a rather obvious shafting, but like all things, criticism will subside, and Bourassa has a few years and a lot of support leading him towards the next provincial election.

Fait accbmpli.

Boyce Richardson, late of the Montreal Star, and one 6f the most vocal critics of the James Bay project, came to Waterloo last week.

Considering the usual turnout for speakers here, the crowd of 250 to 300 people who showed up was a pleasant surprise .

What ’ follows is a thtimbnail sketch-of the history of the James Bay Development Project,, the subject of Richardson’s talk.

Preceding the birthday party announcement of Bourassa’s plans had been a rather disastrous first year in office for the fledgling premier.

Little more than six months after he had taken over, the country was placed under a state of martial law in the farce which accompanied the War Measures Adt. Bourassa’S image took’a severe pounding as he came off looking much like Trudeau’s puppet-an image supported by the subsequent evidence. Then, of course, there was the promise of the 100,000 jobs that had astounded the populace into voting for him in the first ,place. These weren’t materializing. i So Bourassa gave the’ people something big. Reaching back into the crypt where old and discarded ideas go to die, he came up with a plan considered briefly during the Lesage government of the early '60s; to dam up the Nottaway, Broadback, and Rupert Rivers to produce hydra-electricity.

The two aa* l:c9e,-s?r~ ??‘C-(t*+.;,lEI .\ b 1

studies done on the project plan had shown negative results, and it had been dropped in 1967.

But Bdurassa had to come up with something to pull his party out of its political morass, and so he eventually managed to ,engage two firms of consulting engineers to figure out the practical and, of course, political feasibility of the Nottaway-Broadbeck-Rupert Project-a task they were given four vonths to complete.

One df the firms-Asselin, Benoit, Boucher, Ducharme and Lapointe-arrived at the conclusion that 12,094 megawatts could be developed for just $7 billion, and that this would create 135,000 jobs. Bourassa must have been elated-&11 the more so when the other firm, a branch of HG Acres of Toronto, claimed that Bourassa could summon up 15,400 megawatts for-the same price.

Of course, the original plan had to be embellished somewhat. Take the NBR plans, which alone would have produced about 5,300 megawatts of electricity, tack on two large rivers to the -north (La Grande and the Eastmain) and throw in for good measure, even more northerly rivers Kanapiscau an! La Grande Baleine) and you have Bourassa’s tinker-toy empire of, power. The reports were presented to the premier in March of 1971, and withirr six weeks, he had announced his plan to provide for everything from energy and employment to tourism.

Not only this,‘but while Bourassa was going the New York, Paris, London route to round up some money for his schemes, he announced to the Canadian Society: “With the shortage of fuel, coal oil and natural gas, Quebec feels it can have a major role to play in the North-East United States’ energy problem .”

This statement makes one not a Ititle suspicious of Botirassa in light of later statements made to the effect that Quebec so badly needs all the power that it can lay its hands on-and would thus keep it in the province.

But this was neither the first nor the last occurence that wou!d tend to place the premier in a position of shaky credibility.

Take for instance the claim that the project would create 135,000 jobs-so quickly, these were whittled to a maximum of 20,000-put liberally-during the period of peak construction.

The project and industries that would be connected to it are capital intensive and extraction-orientedsuch as mining ent’erprises-that are expected to take advantage of the free roads the Quebec government will supply for them as JBDC works its way into the development area. So, even high temporary employment is just a dream for the Quebec worker, if that.

Then, there is the matter of cost.

At the outset, Boura’ssa’s $7 billion figure seemed a little unlikely when interest on foreign debts was taken into consideration with the r5e?-c:ar’ -*S**-Q*#P a.L t Y-’

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‘overall cost of the project. It is mo& likely now that the hydro from the James Bay area will cost more than $10 billion--even this doesn’t take into consideration such things as unexpected price escalation, waste and so on.

Not the least problem with the project was the bill that launched the JBDC and set out its responsibilities. Bill 50, which was passed into law in the summer of 1971, sets up a municipality about the size of England under the control of the The question of new computing James Bay Development Corpower for the university is still poration.

Though none of the very much up in the air today, already existing native villages following a recommendation and towns are included in this Monday not to immediately lands immense area, the proceed with an existing order for surrounding them are under the a new IBM computer and a control of the corporation.

It has decision

by Executive Council the responsibility of upholding Wednesday to take a closer and nati ve rights and main taining the harder look at -the various alterquality of the environment. natives which have become open to However, the total disregard for the university . either ecological considerations or native rights evident in the actual At the same time, a new factor planning of the project point to has entered the situation in the something far different than- the form of possible rental of IBM bstensible intentions of Bill 50. equipment at lower cost from a For all this was embarked upon computer leasing company. while virtually nothing was known Following the regular Wedabout the environment or econesday meeting of the Executive structure of the region-to say Council of the university, nothing of the approximately 8,000 Academic Vice-President Howard people who depend on the land for Petch told the Chevron that council their means of subsistence and asked Financial and Operations way of life. That the people there Vice-President Bruce Gellatly to might have a right to the territory put proposals from Control Data, they had lived on for centuries was IBM, Honeywell and Univac “on a never considered. common basis for cost comAt the time of the announcement parisons” before depiding what of James Bay, Bourassa could new equipment to acquire. offer the press nothing in the way The -action came following of background material on the discussion of the final report of the, area. Indeed, the only research Computer Search Subcommittee of venture which has been comthe Computer ‘Resources Advisory missioned to date by either federal Committee t CRAC) .

After a or provincial governments has sometimes hotly-contested threebeen the Federal-Provincial Task hour debate Monday, _CRAC apForce Report, which in September proved by a four-to-three margin of ‘71 was given the order to come the recommehdation that “the up with something in three monoptions for the acquisition of ths. The joke about this report was further IBM equipment (a 370-145 that in the statement of its manor a 370-158) should not be exerdate, the authors wefit to great cised at this time.”

They also pains to point out that theirs was reduced the number of eligible not a task of making any contenders to three from six. judgements as to whether the Not present at the time or the prbject should gb on or whether it vdte were Morven Gentleman was even ecologically or otherwise (Math), Eric Manning (Math), sound. “Since time will not permit and Academic Services Director the conduct of any extensive Pat- Robertson. programme of field surveys at this In other developments Wedphase, the study will be based on nesday, Computing Centre existing data and knowledge.”

Director Paul Dirksen told the That the report was commissioned Chevron that he had just received after ‘the project had been voted proposals from two computerthrough only adds to the uncertain leasing companies, one he had feeling one gets about Bourassa’s . approached, and another which< intentions. had come to him. He said leasing And so on up to November of offers definite but not yet firmly 1973. By that time- the native established cost advantages, but people with the help of a fenceadded that he had not had a chance sitting Federal Liberal governto “look closely at a contract”, ment, had produbed a report of which might involve undesirable their own and engaged the-James penalties or commitments.

Bay Development C&poration and Meanwhile, Bruce Gellatly said the Liberal government in a legal interview Wedbattle that lasted the best part of a in a telephone nesday night that his cost study for year. The Federal‘ Liberals -did council would aim “to come down their best to stand off to one side, on the real data and see what we not wanting to be negligent of their have”.

He said the various legal duties to the native people, proposals differ considerably in but at the same time not wanting to terms of length of lease, type of enter into a breach with their maintenance contract, penalty provincial confreres. clauses and conversion cost.

The project will go through and Like most other members of the people of the James-Bay region Executive Council, Gellatly saw will be subjected to the same type the CRAC subcommittee report for of cultural and physical disinthe first: time at the meeting tegration that the word genocide morning.

He said he seem? to capture. . .as the UN -Wednesday had not yet had a chance to look definition of ‘genocide’ states: an into the situation but he expected act “committed to- destroy, in to report back to council “within whole or in part, a national, two weeks”. ethnical, religious or racial The onerous task of making group. . . .causing serious bodily or financial sense out of the diverse mental harm to members of the proposals will be handled by a group, (and). deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of small group which might include Budget Analyst Shawn Farrell, life calculated to bring about its Director Wally Buzza, physical destruction in whole or in Purchasing and “possibly . someone for part”.

Cultural destruct ion : the wintechnical advice”, he said. ners count their profitS’ and the If the analysis shows that other native people -get the squeeze. vendors offer definite cost advantages over IBM equipment, he -dudley paul

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Making the big decisions

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said, council may call for expansion of his group, in accordance with another CRAC recommendation, to include representatives of the various user groups on campus.

In the meantime, Gellatly’s committee must try and reconcile a set of computers whose @-month lease terms range from $1.7 million to $2.6 million and whose/ machines offer four distinct “flavors” of computing.

Control Data has proposed a Cyber 74, powerful “numbercruncher” reportedly capable of supporting an e$remely large number of timesharing terminals, but which apparently has corn: paratively little to offer commercial users.

Honeywell is offering a dualprocessor H6051, which is imilar to, butl much more powerf d 1 than, the machine the math faculty now operates.

The proposal calls for the machine to use the proven Dartmouth Time-Sharing System, which is accompanied by a comprehensive library of progiams, but which may not offer the same batch capability of other mat hines .

IBM’s 370-158 remains the most expensive option and possibly also the least powerful, but its “Virtual Machine” facility and the Computing Centre’s long experience with IBM equipment make it by, far the easiest to fit into the centre’s present operation.

Univac has bid on another dual: processor, their 1110 model, which is said to be suitable for a broad range of data processing needs and which the manufacturer claims is “plug-compatible” with peripheral equipment which the Computing Centre now owns.

While the manufacturers vie for the business of most prestigious computer school in Canada, the university must weigh the choice of getting effective immediate utilization of a machine against a long-term advantage that could yield double the computing powe; fnr less money: At the back of everyone’s mind is the necessity of avoiding a reoccurance of thk killing oversaturation of Computing Centre facilities that occured for three weeks last November.

Yet the situation-is still subject to imponderables that may never be properly sorted out., The proposals which Gellatly ‘s committee will be sorting through next week were made into a vacuum, without, in Paul Dirksen’s words, “any input- from ‘the Computing Centre”, so the ground may have to be gone over again in the light of the Computing Centre’s needs and perceived understaqding of the , users’ requirements.

CRAC sybcommittee member Warren Little noted that “uie were only out to get ballpark figures. We did not have the authority to-and nor did we want to-do any bargaining with the vendors.”

Only IBM can deliver the full proposed configuration by August-if they get confirmation’ in February.

The other vendors apparently will deliver an “interim” system at much lower cost

by August, with the larger machine arriving “sooner than a year after that”, leaving open the question of when the. 370-145 goes dack to IBM. -Preston

gurd

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N.o cure for Scommon cold NEW.YORK (LNSGChances are you will have at least one cold this winter, but if you think you will get some relief from one of the many non-prescription cold remedies advertised-forget it.

According to the January, 74, issue of Consumer Reports, virtually all of the products currently on the market, from Dristan to Contac, Alka-seltzer toNyQui1, are totally uselesss despite the fact that the drug industry spends some $70 million a year to convince you otherwise.

Consumer Reports explains that nearly all of the competing cold tablets, capsules, or liquids contain at least two or three staple ingredients: a pain reliever, a decongestant and an antihistamine.

The most common staple is the When applied decongestant. directly as nose drops or spray, various decongestants will reduce nasal passage swelling temporarily.

But in the capsule and tablet form they just don’t work, either because they are inherently ineffective or because the dose is too small to do any good.

Only two relatively unknown oral decongestants (Sudafed and Propadrine) are sold in effective dosages. Antihistamines are useful in treating some allergic conditions, such as hay fever, but are worthless against the common cold. , The one ingredient in many cold remedies that’s sometimes justified is the pain relieverusually aspirin or acetamenophen.

If symptoms include headache, fever or muscle aches, either of

those drugs will help. But if nasal congestion is the problem, a pain reliever does nothing for it and adds unnecessary medication.

Take for example Dristan.

According to the manufacturer, American Home Products, Dristan contains “the decongestant most prescribed by doctors”, an “exelusive anti-allergent”, and the “pain relieving medication most recommended by doctors”.

The decongestant is phenyl and doctors do ephrine, prescribe it-but as nose drops, not orally.

“Moreover” says Consumer Reports, “the oral dosage in two Dristan tablets is only one fourth of the dosage found ineffective in controlled clinical testing”.

The “exclusive” anti-allergent is a weak antihistamine-in two tablets less than is ordinarily given to children for hay fever. And like any anti-histamine, it is useless for cold symptoms.

The pain reliever “most recommended by doctors” is aspirin.

“Two Dristan tablets contain the same amount as two five-grain aspirins”, says Consumer Reports.

“It is therefore true that Dristan will ‘work on aches and fever’, as its television ads claim. Any aspirin does”.

Dristan also includes small amounts of antacid and caffeine, but neither of those relieve cold symptoms.

In other words, Dristan has only one useful aid for a cold-aspirin.

But $12 million worth of advertising in -1972 helps American

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Gains for CAIMAW )

Lately, Bayer Asprrrn s advertrsing has featured a blue book-that contains some of the findrngs of a recent American Medrcal Assocration drug evaluation.

Bayer’s blue book reports there is “no sound basrs for takrng combination pain relievers or buffered preparations instead of plain aspinn.

The obvrous implication here is that remediesrrke Cope ta combinatron of aspirrn, caffetne, a buffer and an antrhrstamrne) and Vanqursh la combination of porn relievers1 don’t make sense.

Why then, you might ask, do the makers of Bayer also make Cope and Vanquish.

If you’d lrke to know, write the president of Sterlrng Drug.

You II find his address rn your medicrne chest.

Medical

Committee for Human 710 South Marshfield Chacago. lhno~s 60612

Home Products sell Dristan for roughly 20 times the price of plain aspirin, sold under “house” brands in drug stores and supermarkets.

Incidentally, American Home Products also makes Anacin, which contains about one fifth more aspirin than a standard five grain tablet.

“That miniscule difference, and $26 million worth of advertising enables the manufacturer to sell Anacin for three to six times the price of lowcost aspirin 1“, co lnsumer Reports concludes.

ST. JOHN’S (CUP)-“Burn your boats” is, in effect, the policy of the Newfoundland government towards the inshore fishing industry, charged Mike Martin, member of the Newfoundland Legislature, during a speech at Memorial University in St. John’s on Tuesday, Jan. 22.

The government has done little to alleviate the problems that face inshore fishermen, particularly those living on the Labrador coast, according to Martin.

Overfishing is the greatest problem facing fishermen on the east coast.

Technological advances in fishing methods have enabled large ships to take more fish than ever before and have also given them methods to find schools of fish and even attract them.

An estimated forty thousand “ghost nets” are fishing off the coast as well. These ghost nets are gill nets which have broken free of , their surface buoys and float above the ocean floor trapping fish or “ghost fishing”.

The nets used in Newfoundland do not rot and can go on trapping fish for centuries.

In Martin’s opinion such gill nets must be made illegal. Fishermen in Newfoundland have been protesting the use of thesenets for many years.

As early as 1905, a

Rights

member of the Newfoundland fisheries department warned that use of gill nets would lead to overfishing and said that “75 per cent of the fishermen felt it would ruin the industry.”

The offshore fishing industry has been blamed for the decline of all fish in the Labrador Sea yet the government has done nothing about it. Martin pointed out such fishing hurts the inshore fishermen most severely.

The inshore fishermen live on the coast and do not have the necessary capital to buy large boats to fish farther out to sea where fishing is still profitable.

“Now, with the increase in offshore fishing, inshore fishermen cannot depend on a good catch, ” Martin pointed out.

Martin also blames ‘the merchants for the decline in the lot of fishermen.

He accused the merchants of failing to develop markets outside the island and looking for quantity instead of quality.

I_ “Labrador mash”, fish thrown in the dirty holds of boats that carry coal at other times of the year, is the result of this policy.

Merchants keep the fishermen at their mercy through a vicious credit circle, Martin maintained.

They are seldom very far ahead on payment of bills and “there’s &thing but bad news for a fisherman with bad credit,” Martin said.

To alleviate this, Martin feels the government should assist fishermen in bad years.

At the moment fishermen in Labrador, particularly, cannot depend on the government to help them.

During the disastrous fishing season of 1968 none of the Newfoundland fishermen could pay their bills.

The government stepped in and paid the merchants compensation for island Newfoundlanders’ debts but did not help the Labrador fishermen.

This resulted in bankruptcy for the small suppliers on the Labrador coast and left the fishermen there deep in debt to the companies which survived.

Martin recommended the government make avajlable money for boats to the fishermen and provide courses in modern fishing techniques in Labrador itself.

Hard times in Newfie :

DO YOiJ LIVE

7

BURNABY, B.C. (CUP&British Columbia workers continue to brea,k away from the big American-dominated ‘international’ labor unions to join Canadian unions.

The latest action was taken by 110 workers at the Shell Oil refinery here who earlier this month applied to the B.C. Labor Relations Board for certification as members of the Canadian Allian’ce of Industrial, Mechanical and Allied Workers (CAIMAW ).

The workers have been members of the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers’ International Union.

CAIMAW, a strictly Canadian union, has yet to lose a certification bid in B.C. and now represents more than 2,000 B.C. workers.

Earlier this month a court order upheld certification of the Pulp, Paper and Woodworkers of Canada (PPWC) at three Vancouver Island lumber operations.

The B.C. Labor Relations Board had earlier certified the PPWC at the three operations. The decision was challenged and taken to the courts.

Workers at the three operations, one in Duncan and two in Nanaimo, had been members of the giant International Woodworkers of America (IWA ) . PPWC, like CAIMAW, is a strictly Canadian union.

Fred Mullin, PPWC president, says that winning IWA workers over to the PPWC is not a priority.

Most of the workers joining PPWC are pulp and paper workers.

Mullin says, however, that PPWC is the only union that can eventually organize all the workers in the wood industry into one militant union. “For us this is a viable and worthwhile objective; for the IWA it is a cry in the wilderness. .

Meanwhile workers at several locations in B.C. are attempting to split from the ‘international’ United Steelworkers of America (USA) and join CAIMAW. The ’ internationalism of the ‘internationals’ is limited.

They are active in only two countries, Canada and the U.S. Workers in other countries have strictly national unions though they cooperate when they feel the need.

Canadian workers say they don’t reject the ‘internationals’ because of nationalism.

They argue that the ‘internationals’ are autocratic and business-oriented and there’s a need for militant unions controlled by the members.

Some U.S. workers have agreed and have also rejected the ‘internationals’.

Some 20,000 U.S. workers have left the United Paperworkers International Union (UPIU 1 and established a separate union. The PPWC has gained most of its members from UPIU locals in Canada 1

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Grads and Pickwicks.

In one of the games (which was not picked as ’ game of the week) the Losers won over the Terrible Torrents 26-1. In this game?? ? every player on the Loser’s team including the goalie scored two or more goals.

However its not if you win or lose the game, it’s how you played the game.

Updated standings will be made available and published in next weeks issue.

Game

of the week

Basketball

St. Jerome’s A vs O.H.I.P. Monday, February 4 7 :30-8 court 2.

: 30,

Hockey

E .S.S. vs Upper Eng II Sunday, February 3 12 : 10-l Moses Springer Floor

: 00

Athena curling win The Athena, curling team advanced to the championship round of the O.W.I.A.A. curling bonspiels. Skipped by Pat Monroe, the Athenas curled a 4 - 1 record.

Friday’s draw saw the Athenas against WLU. The Waterloo gals defeated WLU 7 - 1 winning 7 of the 8 ends.

At 1 p.m. the gals drew Western.

At the end of 3 ends Waterloo led 4 - 0 but Western persevered and at the end of .7 ends, the score was 6 - 5 for Western.

Final score was 8 - 5 for Western, thus the Athenas met

9

January 27 to compete in the Queen’s University Men’s Invi tat ion al Bonspiel . Waterloo met the University of Toronto in the ,first round and conceded an 11-6 victory to the Varsity Blues. The second round saw the Laurentian rink facing the Warriors and only through a series of last end heroics did the Laurentian team manage to salvage a 7-7 tie.

Waterloo played a strong Queen’s rink skipped

by Mark Macdonald, defending Canadian Schoolboy Champion, in the third game.

Waterloo controlled the game and were one point up going into the 8th end. Macdonalds last shot saved the game, however, and -gave Queen’s an 8-7 victory.

The experience gained should give them confidence going into the O.U.A.A. Western Division Curling Playdowns on Jan. 31, Feb. 1 and 2 at the K-W Granite Club in Kitchener .

Hockey

The Losers vs Raiders Tuesday, February 5, Seagrams Gym.

5 : 30-6 : 30

Ball Hockey

TNUCS vs Gnads Wednesday, February Seagrams Gym.

6 4 : 45-5 : 45 -bob

sisler

Dago wins 1000 Chicop.ee co-ed ski day If qour skis aren’t at the university, then you had better send home for them. If you don’t have skis don’t worry because you can rent them from the club.

Regardless be ready for the Intramural Co-ed Ski day coming this Thursday, February 7, from l:oO pm to 5:00 pm.

All those attending Ski day will have the opportunity to either spend four hours practicing their maneuvers on the slopes or participating in the giant slalom races offered.

The giant slalom is divided into expert, -(which is racing experience or previous good skiing ability) and novice, (which is the unexperienced skier). Each competitor in either event will have two runs with the best time for a single run determining the champion.

It is important that you note that there is advance registration only.

So register with the receptionist in PAC Building prior to noon of.

February 7. Tow tickets cost $2.00 of which a dollar is’ refunded when .you present them to the PAC receptionists after the ski day. For those who don’t have skis they may be-rented at Chicopee for $3.50.

Intramurals is even so considerate as to offer transportation to the slopes. Buses leave from the Campus Centre at 12:00 noon and 12: 30 pm and will return at 5 :00 pm. There will be a 25 cent charge for the bus one way, and this fee will be collected on the bus.

If you are interested in a day of skiing, or would simply like to see what skiing is all about, the whole adventure will only cost $5.00 This

would include_ the tow ticket, transportation both ways and ski rentals. So why not try it.

Also a final reminder that tomorrow is the third annual ground

hog ring

road

relay

race.

The ‘organizational meeting for this unique event is also held on Saturday, being in the Campus Center Main Hall at 11:30 am. The race is scheduled to begin at 12 noon, The teams consist of four runners with each runner being asked to complete one circuit of the ring road ( 1.7 miles).

Last years champions were the Coureur-de-Chemin team which completed the race with a team total time of 35: 18 minutes.

The Hoggers Jog is to be held prior to the relay race. So meet at the Campus Centre for a leisurely jog.

Beaten

by a Nurple!

Defending Bullbrook champions V. 1 East were upset last Wednesday January 23 by Village Two North Nurples 2-O in the Intramural hockey league which goes to show anything can happen in the Intramural program.

Past records indicate that the Village and Church College leagues which include Co-op. residence, are known for close games. In other leagues however, we have seen scores of 10-l and 13-1.

Co-op math 1, the Basketball champions of Summer 73 dealt St. Jerome’s A a blow when they defeated them on Monday, January 28. So the .Basketball .league may prove to be very interesting towards the end of the schedule and on into the playoffs, for there are a number of teams capable of clinching the basketball championship.

In floor hockey the stronger teams are beginning to emerge.

After two games and in some cases only one the undefeated teams are the Losers, the Raiders, St. Jerome’s, Renison, Recreation,

The Waterloo ’ swimming Warriors took another two days off of classes and travelled south to the land of the free and the home of the brave to swim against Hobart College on Thursday and Buffalo State on Friday.

Hobart got the shock -treatment, and were trounced 78-35 by the Warrior band.

Outstanding swims of the meet were Rick Drummonds 1000 freestyle winning the event in 12:00.26. Louis Krawczyk won the 200 freestyle doing his lifetime best at 1:56.0. Rick Adamson did his lifetime best in the 200 individual medley going 2: 10.8. Waterloo’s sole diver, Ken Hill won both one and three metre boards.

The team spent the evening sleeping on matresses in the change room and in the wrestling room, then ate breakfast and lunch all supplied free of charge by Hobart College.

The team then travelled on to Buffalo State University where they lost 66-47. Needless to say, many good swims were recorded.

Ian Taylor did his best time ever in the 1000 yard freestyle going 10:56.4 then later in the 500 free did another lifetime best going 5 : 16.9.

Richard Knaggs also went his best in th$ event at 5:24.8.

Dave Wilson, in the 200 freestyle came within a tenth of a second of the team record set by Taylor going 1:52.3.

Later Wilson broke the /team record in the 100 freestyle recording 50.5. Stacey Speigel did his lifetime best in the 500 freestyle going 23.12. Lester Newby won the three metre board.

The 400 freestyle relay of Kra’wczyk, Speigel, Murray and Wilson won the freestyle relay doing the teams second best time ever.

The Warriors next meet was last Wednesday against the Toronto swimming club. Today at 4 :00 PM they compete against Oswego from New York State in the PAC building and tomorrow against Alfred Tech at 2:00 PM. -eric

robinson

mark nusca

their only defeat of the weekend.

Third draw of the day was against University of Guelph.

Having suffered a defeat a week prior to Guelph, the Athenas were ready to regain status. Plagued by poor curling the girls ran into trouble. At the end of the sixth end the score was 6 T 4, Guelph.

The girls took one in the 7th and one in the 8th to tie the game 6 - 6 and force an extra end, With 4 rocks left’ to throw, Waterloo had shot rock buried and the game won 7 - 6. draw saw the Saturday’s Waterloo-Windsor game bounce around.

Final score was 10-8 Waterloo. The Athenas took one 5 ender and one 3 ender but couldn’t keep Windsor off the board.

The final draw of the game was the Waterloo-McMaster game.

This was a crucial points game which saw the game go to the last rock of the game. Waterloo 6 Mac 5.

With a record of 4 wins, 1 loss, the Athenas now go to University of Guelph to,the O.W.I.A.A. finals Feb. 15-16th. Although all the gals had trouble finding their draw weight, they were able to win when it counted.

Members of the team are: Skip, Pat Munroe; Vice, Gayle Bower ; Second, Brenda Grant and Lead Anne Mallon.

Warrior curling Brian Glover took his Warrior Curling rink to Kingston on Sunday

Curling with Skip Glover were Kevin Richardson, Tom Strickland and Dave Polley.

Last weekend was the University of Western Ontario Mixed Invitational Bonspiel.

Twenty-four rinks participated in the day-long competition on Saturday. . Terry Olaskey’s rink, comprised of Janet McNichol and Bill Squirrell, scored a lo-3 victory over Fanshawe College and defeated Waterloo no. 2 11-7 in the second round.

Waterloo no. 2 skipped by Steve Mckelvie had previously defeated a Western rink by a score of 8-3. Mary Mckelvie, Jim Currie and Jill Hodgins curled with Mckelvie.

Bob Jerrard, Jan .

Martin, Phil Tomsett and Val Farewell made up Waterloo no. 3.

They won their first two games defeating Western rinks 5-4 and lo9. University of Western Ontario defeated Olaskey 8-4 to place first while another Western rink took a 9-3 victory over Waterloo no. 3 to finish second. Waterloo no. 2 won the last game 6-5 over another Western rink.

At the end of the day, Waterloo’s three teams had placed third, fourth and fifth on the early draw.

The two Waterloo entries in the other division ran into some stiff competition . Brian Craig’s rink won two games and finished fifth while Gerald Catt’!! Waterloo rink won the high-one game award and placed eighth. Good competition and good friendship was had by all at this excellent Bonspiel in London.

-terry

olaskey

/

1 &he

friday,

chevron

Hell on wheels

’ Athena varsity \ sq’uash So.. .you hadn’t realized that there is a University Women’s Squash Team at Waterloo?

Well, perhaps that is hardly surprising as this is the first year that it has been officially recognized by the Women’s Intercollegiate Council.

Already it is proving to be an active and flourishing group, the most recent event being- the Women’s Squash Invitational hosted by the University of Waterloo last weekend.

Five teams took part in the tournament. hThese represented Queen’s, York, McMaster, Waterloo and a combined “Guess Who?” team consisting of players from, University of Toronto and Waterloo.

The players on the Waterloo team were Rosemary Roberts, Barb Wilson, Wendy McNab, Joanne Price and Di Mara, while Di Hossie and Bev Oliver played on the “Guess Who?” team.

Some exciting games were played notably by Rosemary Roberts and Barb Wilson, but unfortunately only a fraction of these could be viewed by spectators due to the fact that there are only two open singles courts with a gallery in the PAC. The final result of the tournament was that McMaster took first place with a total of 17 matches, Waterloo second with 14 matches, York third with 12 matches, “Guess Who?” 4th with 9 matches and Queen’s fifth with 7 matches.

The team’s standard of play has improved notably since the beginning of the year, the result largely of the efforts of its two coaches.

The coach in the Fall

On a rainy weekend afternoon, ted only with the prospects of to relieve the ;signments lredom, the tube seems a gical alternative.

With the otball season ended and the !en-once-too-often movies iappealing, there is still hope r the addicted.

Fulfilling the Canadian content RTC tgulations to their limits, Ianne 13, CKCO-TV presents oller Derby with the Canadian l-Stars.

Those cynics who casually smiss Roller Derby as being ‘en more atrocious than TV restling may be in for a surise. Live Roller Derby isn’t as id as all that : it’s worse. _ Nevertheless, Roller Derby lened another season in the Drts-conscious Twin Cities last iturday night as the Canadian 11-Stars tangled with the ‘estern Renegades before some 100 fans in the Kitchener emorial Auditorium.

The ?vout were there to cheer their vorites, among them Paul Ihe Bear” Rupert, Frankie usio, Diane Syverson and rinnie Minnie Miller.

Roller Derby is a strange sport, it is actually a sport. There are lies, such. as those requiring ayers to wear helmets but they .e often ignored as points are tored and fights erupt.

Basically, the game is played on a banked oval’ track by two teams of ten, five men and five women, over eight ten minute periods. The men play against each other for four periods, alternating with the women.

Points are scored by a member of one team lapping the opposing players, aided by the checking abilities of his-her teama tes.

Conversely, points are blocked by “jammers” of the opposing team.

It is at this point though, that formality ends and the circus begins. Scoring occurs in a flurry of activity and one can never precisely tell if one or eight points have been scored. It never seems that there is more than an eight point difference ’ between the opponents.

The audience loves the action.

It’s a weird crowd, mostly middle-aged parents with their children, although ’ the range encompassed many young couples and just as many elderly , persons.

The attraction of Roller Derby lies in the personalities of the players. The men are generally more serious .about skating, scoring and fighting. Notable was the dueling between Paul Rupert and Stan “The Man” Washington of the Renegades.

The women

more concerned with are fighting, but it must be to please the crowds, for those battling rarely do each other harm. Diane Syverson and Cherry Baker of the Renegades kept squaring off ‘throughout the match.

Baker finally got ejected from the game on the last play, much to the delight of the crowd.

Regardless of the impression that television gives the sport, Roller Derby consists of wellacted moves which offer little danger to the players. The men are self-confident and the women look as if they’d eat you alive.

Inevitably, the sport must be compared to wrestling, which enjoys just a.s large and enthusiastic an ‘~:audience.

Both combine elements of style and Iclowning designed to make the viewers wonder if it really is authentic.

Continuously, the announcer maintains a. highpitched commentary to incite the crowd, a task he generally excels at. ’ Roller Derby comes to town again on February 16’ and for $2.50, is good entertainment value.

Get out there, be a nationalist and cheer the All--.

Stars.

Oh, by the-way, they beat the Renegades 55-51, if anyone really cares.

-johi buckberrough

february

1, 1974

term responsible for getting the team off the ground was Lynne Billard.

This term, during her absence on a sabbatical term at Stanford University, Ne-il Richardson is generously giving up a lot of his time to coaching the team.

Last term several of the Waterloo team members played in a ranking tournament held at Glendon College and then went on to take part in the Ontario Ladies “C” Squash Championship held at the Granite Club, Toronto.

Barb Wilson of Waterloo won this tournament gaining automatic ranking as a “B” player in Ontario.

During the tournament Lynne Billard played an im- _ pressive and inspiring exhibition match with Sharif Khan, the current North American Open Squash Champion and club pro.

University matches were played against McMaster, both in Hamilton and in Waterloo.

The next event for several of the team members is participation in the Ontario Ladies Open “B” Squash Championship to be held at the Toronto Badminton and Racquet Club from the Ist-3rd of February.

Men’s squash Last weekend at the York University invitational squash tourney the U of W Warriors walked off with all the hardware.

The team, which includes Steve Hisey, John Fredrick, John Frittenburg, Doug McLean and Peter Armstrong, broke the traditional Toronto Western squash dynasty by defeating both of these strong clubs The Waterloo invitational tourney will be held this weekend.

Play begins tonight at 6 pm and continues all day tomorrow.

Now that the Warriors have proven themselves as a competitive team the competition should prove to be interesting.

sporfsweeh Warriors Hockey Swimming

Ottawa here at Laurentian

friday, february february 3

0 swego

here today, 4pm. .Alfred Tech here tomorrow, 2pm. at Niagara, february 5 .’ . _--OUAA at the Granite Club, all day, today and tomorrow.

ClJrlifig

!/-ball

OUAA championships Saturday, february

Wrestling

at Lakehead,

Badminton

at Western,

B-ball

9am:

j/-ball

and

3pm.,

february february

2 2

at Maple Leaf Gardens vs the Nationals, 6: 15pm., sunday february at Brock february 6

at York,

february

1 - 2

/ at Niagara, . at McMaster,

, .

2

At’henqs Swimming

1, 8pm.

february 5 february 8

Israeli 3

friday’,

february

1, 1974

---

\

1 1 -'-

the chevron

OUAA f/-ball here tomorrow a\\ The U of W mens volleyball team finished in first place in the OUAA Western Division for the second year in a row. Second place was captured by the Guelph team.

These-two teams advance to the OU final to be held at Waterloo tomorrow from 9: 00 a.m. to 1: 00 p;m. The championship match to be played at 3:o0.

The Warriors held first place thru all of their four tournament season, racking up a record of 31 wins and 9 losses. Their close rival Guelph was 3 down with 28 and 12 for the ‘40 game schedule. Western was only one game behind Guelph.

The final regular tournament, held at Brock last weekend was one of few surprises.

The Waterloo

B-ball . warriors inconsistent

.

Following‘the 94-79 defeat to the 66 loss to the McMaster Marauders Windsor Lancers nearly two weeks Tuesday night, following an 84-61 ago, the Warriors visited Wilkeswin over the UWO Mustangs only Barre, Pennsylvania last week, to added to their reputation of inparticipate in the 10th annual consistency.

On Wednesday night Pocono Classic.

UW defeated Wayne State{ of The well organized tournament Detroit, MiChigan 89-75.

If the Warriors have any hopes was structured in such a way as to allow each team only to play one of winning the CIAU championship, they are probably aware game a day. Coach McRae is continually evaluating personnel of the fact that during the remaining season they will have to and team performance, and play with more uniformity, and participation in this tournament gave him the opportunity to begin attempt to diminish the great number of turnovers which are his llth, 12th, and 13th starting units. being committed during each game.

The Warriors opened the tourney The, Warriors play their next with an 87-68 victory over Wilkes College, followed the next day with game tomorrow night in Sudbury against the Laurentian Yoyageurs. a 74-58 loss to the first seeded, East Stroudsberg State. Having played Tickets are possibly still on sale in the athletic department for the poorly in the second game the double-header game to be held this Warriors entered the consolation Sunday at Maple Leaf Gardens in round, to determine who would Toronto. The NBA Buffalo Bravescapture the third place position, and defeated Moravian College of , ,Philadelphia 76er’s game scheduled for 8: 00 pm will be Bethlehem, Penn. 74-67. Secondpreceded by the UW Warriorsseeded King’s College upset ESSC 73-63 in the final game, capturing Israeli National Team game which begins at 6: 1,5 pm . , the championship title.

It is unusual for a team, not -mihail murgoci participating in the championship game, to put more than one member on the tourney’s all-star squad. It was therefore a pleasant surprise when both. Mike Moser and Trevor Briggs were selected as all-stars.

UW entered the tournament as the question mark team. Many local fans were totally ingorant The Warriors lost their first concerning Canadian ability to league game last Thursday being play basketball, and thus the defeated by the \ Western Warriors were mildly delighted Mustang’s 5-3. This was a rather when a strong American conembarassing loss for the Warriors tingent turned out to support them having previously bombed the tit each game.

Mustangs 6-1 in a pre-Christmas McCrae is, unfortunately, not encounter. happy with the Warrior team.

The Warrior’s downfall was once Prior to the Poconos, he explained again the fact that they only that “all basketball teams have managed to play two and not three bad games ; all teams commit full periods of hockey, also the fact turnovers.

The object is to that they were plagued by many eliminate these bad games and to useless penalties.

Jake Dupuis’ whittle down the enormous amount performance in. net was strong stopping 30 out of 35 shots, but the of errors and turnovers.”

The Warriors have played inWestern marksmen seemed to be consistently during the season; up for this game.

The first period ended in a tie they played inconsistently during the Poconos, and the disastrous 88- with Russ Elliott opening the

Puckers pickled

scoring in the first two minutes of play with the Warriors holding the Mustangs scoreless until the last minute of play in the period.

‘Waterloo took the lead early in the 2nd on an unassisted goal by Lee Barnes.

The Mustangs then went on to score three goals to complete the period, one while shorthanded another on a powerPray.

Elliott scored his 2nd goal of the ’ gameearly in the third period and this seemed to give the Warriors the needed boost for a comeback This last hope was quickly subdued when Western came back for their 5th goal. Western played a strong game and well earned the win.

The week’s second match was a return encounter against the Windsor Lancers.

The home ice surface did not seem to give the Lancers the advantage for revenge over their previous 8-O loss, as they were again badly beaten by a score of 8-1. Waterloo got off to a slow start unable to connect on their passes and yet still managed to dominate all three periods.

Doug Snoddy played a very good game in net allowing only one goal to get by him. Praise must also be given to Windsor’s goaltender who kept the Warriors score down with some superb saves.

Bill Stinson and Frank Staubitz team played inconsistently scored the first period goals. The throughout, losing 2 games to third Warrior goal, coming in the Western, splitting with Guelph and second period, was a short-handed posting dual wins against Laurier, markerscored

by Mike Guimond.

Brock, and McMaster.

The next two Warrior points came In tomorrows Ontario Chamfrom Rob Madeley and Russ pionships the representatives from Elliott.

Windsor’s only, marker the eastern division will be York came in this period. and Queens. York, the first place The last frame saw Ron team from the East may be Hawkshaw scoring two and Cam without their 6’8” hitter, Peter Crosby one.

All Warrior goals Stefaniuk, but are still predicted to were nicely set up and showed be a strong contender.

The winner good team-work. of this tournament will go to EdThe Warriors were without the’ monton for the ‘Canadian Champservice of defenceman Danny ionships, held on Feb. 22 and 23.

Partland, who is suffering from knee injuries.

This forced Coach McKillop to make a few changes.

Ken Tyler was moved from the forward line to replace Partland, also allowing Dot Smylie to see some action on both the forward and defensive lines.

It is not known when Partland will return The Athena V. ball team to action. travelled to Western last week-end This evening the Warriors will for a league tri-meet vs. Windsor encounter the Ottawa Gee Gee’s in and Western. a home game, played at the At lo:30 A.M. Waterloo met Waterloo Memorial Arena at 8 Western in a battle for first place p.m.

Tomorrow they will once in the league. Western, as usual, again be on the road, travelling to came on strong in the ‘beginning Sudbury where they will meet the and whipped the Athenas with a Laurentian Voyageurs in a Sunday score of 15-2. In the second game afternoon encounter. the Waterloo women pulled up -liskris their socks and the score to a close

Athena v-ball

-

but not close enough ;5-13. The third game found them finish with a three straight game loss of 15-9; the first loss of a match this season.

Although the scores indicate that Western ,walked all over the Athenas, the caliber of play certainly showed skill on both teams part. As it happened, the Athenas were pulling smashing plays on their defensive . Western played the game oppositely and consequently raked in the points.

The. tables turned against Windsor, as the V.,Ballers walked away with three games straight; 15-7,15-g, and 15-3. This match was much slower with less hard hitting and more of the tipping and lob

--pad

sharpe

spikes to the corners.

However, Waterloo adjusted to the change and emerged victorious quite simply.

This week-end the women travel to York University for the second Challenge Cup of the season.

Many of the Ontario University teams will be present for the two day tournament.

This Challenge Cup will give the Athenas an opportunity to pace themselves for the O.W.I.A.A. finals in Ottawa, twenty-two days and counting.

-kwas

n fuzz ’

Track corner Last weekend the track team competed at York. Performances were typical for a first meet in a new season, leaving much room for improvement.

Waterloo finished 7th overall.

Saturday the team goes to the toronto star indoor games trials.

The highlight for Waterloo will be the 2 mile relay, which will be trying for an evening appearance for the 7th year in a row.

Workouts are in the Gym every thursday at 4pm anyone interested should contact Jack Walton at the athletic department.

.

friday,

1 2 t hc chevron

FebrUar * .

febrcrary

1, 1974

. ” . bout.

-Women’ .

Sponsored by The Woman’s Place and the Board of Education, Federation - \ of Students U of W The February programme -will centre around a series of _ discussions to be held at Trinity United Church, 74., Frederick St., across the street from the old Farmer’s Market.

Wednesday,

6th-Women

February

and Wages

’

8 p.m.-Madeleine Parent, an outstanding Canadian labour organizer, will speak about the condition of working women. A short film on this subject will be shown. There will be coffee and discussion following the presentation.

Wednesday,

Women’s

February

Health:

Woman’s

Place

in

and Mind

are so many women depressed? Why do women take so many pills? A panel of health care specialists (a psychologist, a nurse, a doctor) examine these and other issues about the physical and mental health of today’s woman. The presentation will be followed by coffee and further discussion.

I

At <the University Monday,

Discussions ‘are held every Woman’s Place. February’s

Wednesday,

Wednesday Calendar

February

11 th-“Women

February

7 p.m.-Sandra Sachs, who has travelled in China, will show her slides and speak in Room 43, Renison College.

Thursday,

“Women stitutions”

night at the includes :

February

and

14th-

Correctional

In-

3 p.m.-Jo-Ann Gardner, well-known psychologist, will give a public lecture. Sponsored by the UW Psychology Department.

Arts Lecture 116.

6th *

discussion will feature Mary Mewhinney who will talk about her experiences Waterloo alderperson.

of Waterloo...

in China”

The Woman’s Place is located at 25 DuPont St. E., Waterloo, just two blocks from King Street. It is open Monday-Thursday 10 am-10 pm, Fridays 10 am-5 pm, and Saturdays from noon-5 pm. During the month of February it will serve as an information centre for details about the various programmes in the community.

Call 744-7011 to inquire about this month’s programmes or to learn more about the Woman’s Place. i

Jane as a

8 p.m.-The

13th-

Body

At the February....

8 p.m.-Why

Thursday,

Women

February

Evans, Gardner, Eastern Region Coordinator of the American National Organization of Women (N.O.W. > and prominent psychologist will give a lecture on this timely topic.

Growing

February

Up Female

20th-

*

February

23rd-Women

‘1 p.m.-Local women of various backgrounds and ages talk about themselves as women. A secretary, a faca working mother, an organizer, a tory worker, teacher and a student share some of their experiences.

Marlene Webber will moderate this panel.

Marlene Dixon, well known McGill University sociologist who writes about women, will offer commentary on the experiences described by. panel members.

Small group discussion and coffee will follow.

8 p.m.-Meet Marlene Dixon at an Open House at the Woman’s Place, 25 DuPont Street East, Waterloo. All are welcome.

-

The Canadian Women’s Press will display and sell both adult and children’s books at Trinity United Church during these events.

Free child care will be available the church during this, series.

February

at

Monday,

Women’s

February

Book

I

8 p.m.-Open House: meet Marlene,Dixon.

This would also be a good opportunity to visit the Woman’s Place and find out what is happening there. All are welcome.

February

27th

,

8 p.m.-“Alternatives to sexist language: Sue Kothiringer important to change?” informal discussion.

Is language will lead an

and

the

Arts”

February Photographs

Betty

theatre...

Steen and .

22-28th

by Eedie Steinor

Feminist

A feminist theatre group from Hamilton who write and perform their own plays about the lives of women will be performing a play called-“Martha’s Revelations”.

A discussion will follow their performance.

The play will be held in the Fellowship Hall of Trinity United Church on Monday, February 18th, at 8:30 p.m.

ca I-I the * \ Woman’s PI&e,

16-22

Drawings and paintings by artists Vivien Cramer will be exhibited.

February...

For further information on the iany other events;

A display of weaving and pottery by local women will be featured during the month of February at the Woman’s Place. The show will be co-ordinated by weaver Anne Morgan and potters Joan Walsh and Joan Todd. Any artist wishing to display their work, contact Joan Walsh (576-4542 1.

-February

During

I--

*Free tickets for these two evenings will be available at the Women’s Place and should be picked up ahead of time, since there is only a limited number of seats.

“Women

Sales

The Book Barn, 12 King Street North, upstairs, Waterloo.

Provident Bookstore, 117 King Street West, Kitchener.

Uhuru Bookstore, Waterloo Square, Waterloo.

Wilfrid Laurier Bookstore,-Wilfrid Laurier University.

20th*

23rd

25th-“The

Some books pertaining to women will be ‘sold at a discount at the following Kitchener-Waterloo bookstores during the month of February.

8 p.m.-Helen Reesor, General Practitioner, will converse with women about the situation that women in the medical profession encounter.

Saturday,

February

Movement”

8 p.m.-Marlene Dixon, outspoken Canadian woman, will give a public lecture. Arts lecture 113.

13th

February

Wednesday,

Today

11 th

8 p.m.-The film “Women as ‘Artists” will be shown.

This film is an examination of social and educational systems, Freudian myths? the nature of the artist and the position of the artist in society. A discussion will follow the film.

Wednesday,

8 p.m.-What happens to us growing up female?

Following a film, Marsha Forest, educator; will lead a discussion on how television, movies, books, toys and our schools communicate the roles children learn to play in life.

Saturday,

February

Wednesday,

14th-Are

Oppressed?

8 p.m.-Jo-Ann

Wednesday,

Monday,-

8 p.m.-The film “Feminine Consciousness in Contemporary Literature” will be shown. A discussion led

by Ellen Roach will follow.

will be shown.

744-7011 I

.

.

friday,

february

the chevron

1, 1974

-

13

’

I

Criminal

’ A guide to legal services in ’Kitchener-Waterloo This supplement has been prepared by the Court Assistance and Research group. It is designed to acquaint you with your rights in law and procedure in the courtroom.

Wherever possible they have listed the addresses, and telephone numbers of the offices and agencies mentioned in the pamphlet so that you can make better use of the available facilities.

They have tried to make the pamphlet as clear as ,possible and give the necessary information, so that you know where to go, who to call, and what to ask for.

courts

Provincial Judges’ Court(previously Magistrates’ Court) is presided over by a judge or a justice of the peace. It has jurisdiction over all summary offenses Most indictable offenses may also be tried in this court, such as theft, having possession of stolen goods, false pretences, obstructing a police officer, driving whik disqualified, some assaults, fraud relating to fares and tolls.

There are three types of indictable offenses: (1) the offenses which only provincial court can deal with; (2) the offenses in which the accused chooses in which court he wants to be tried; and (3) the offenses. in which tht provincial court’s only responsibility is to conduct preliminary hearings.

Provincial courts in the K-W area are located at: Kitchener134 Frederick Street (Police Building) 745 9476; Waterloo-40 Albert Street (Police Building) 744 6529.

County Court-is presided over by a judge and jury 01 by a judge alone. It may hear any indictable offence: except those which, by law, must be heard in, another court. At your first appearance in provincial court, yet may elect to have your case heard in county court if the offence is a serious indictable offence. If you have beer convicted of a summary offence in provincial court it iz possible to appeal for a retrial in county court.

County court in the K-W area is located at 20 Weber St. E. Kitchener. ’ ‘The High Court Branch of the Ontario Supreme Courtis a trial court which can try any criminal of conthmd d”P .I d “ba!“6t? k/ b . 14

14

the

friday,

chevron

continued from page 13 fence. Some serious offences can be heard only in this intimidation of parliament, court.

They are: treason, mutiny, piracy, murder, sedition, and hijacking, as well as related attempts and conspiracies on these charges: The Federal Court of Canada-can try criminal offences under the Combines Act. Convictions on indictable offences may be appealed to the appellate division of the supreme court of Ontario which is called the court of appeals, on any ground involving a question of laws or a question of mixed law and fact or, if leave is obtained, on a question of fact. In some cases there may be ali appeal from the decision of the court of ,appeal to the supreme court of Canada, but permission of the court of appeal or of the supreme’court of Canada may be required.

Questions of law on summary conviction offences may be appealed to the high court by way of a stated case by the provincial judge or justice of the peace.

Appeals may’be made to the supreme court of Canada from the court of appeal on summary conviction matters only with the permission of the supreme court of Canada.

In all cases there are strict time limits.

With permission some time limits may be extended, however, it is important that you act promptly if you wish to appeal.

1

Traffic

court

Traffic court is held several times a week. It handles offences under the Highway Traffic Act, or municipal bylaws. When you receive a summons to appear in this court, you may avoid going to court by paying the amount specified, thus admitting your guilt. You can sign a consent for a trial date in the jus,tice of peace’s office, otherwise, you must ahpear in court to set a date.

Traffic court is located at: KitchenerCourtroom 2, Provincial Judges’ Court, 134 Frederick Street, or, Police Annex ailding (behiqd the Police Building on Frederick’ Police Building, 40 Albert Street.

Street) ; Waterloo-

Civil courts Civil courts are divided on the basis of how much money is ‘involved- in the claim.

Small Claims Court -There is a limit of $400 in the Kitchener-Waterloo area; in some places, claims up to $800 are handled. Small claims court has no jurisdiction over cases involving libel, slander, breach of promise of marriage, seduction, disputes involving title to land, or wills. Ofte-n there are no lawyers, and procedure is quite informal.

Small claims court is located at 575 King St. W ., Kitchener, 745-8063.

County Court or District Court -is a court which can

handle claims of up to $7,500. In undefended cases, however, the court may give judgement by default for any amount.

High Court of Justice of the Supreme Court of Ontariocan handle claims involving unlimited amounts.

The case may be heard in front of a judge alone or B judge and jury.

All civil claims can be appealed to the appeal division of the provincial supreme court if the amount in question is at least $200.

Supreme Court of Canada-bases lost in the provincial appeals court may be ‘further appealed here.

Only claims of at least $10,000 will be heard.

Surrogate or Probate Courts -handle the estates of deceased persons as well as child custody.

-

\

Other courts

Family Court. - handles cases involving family or domestic matters, e.g. assault between a husband and wife.

Family Court in the K-W area is located at 20 Weber St. E. Kitchener, 576-9110.

Juvenile Court-handles the cases of offenders under the age of sixteen. Trained counsellors are available to deal Gith juvenile problems also. Contact the family court for information regarding juvenile matters.

The charge When you are charged, the offence falls into one of two categories: * A summary offence is a less serious offence. It is punishable by a maximum sentence of six months in jail or a fine of $500 or both. Some summary conviction offences can carry a penalty of up to $1000, e.g. failure to provide a.sample of your breath. Summary offences are always tried before a provincial court judge. Sumrflary offences include causing a disturbance, unlawful assembly, and all motor vehicle offences under provincial laws, nudity in a public place, liquor- charges under provincial law, and common assault. *An indictable offence is a more serious offence and therefore carries heavier penalties than summary offences. Shoplifting and other theft charges, charges of breaking and entering, obtaining by false pretenses, forgery, obstructing or assaulting a police officer, escaping custody and treason are indictable.

Most weapons charges can be summary or indictable and some only indictable.

A few indictable offences must be tried by a provincial judgeresisting or obstructing a police officer, driving while disqualified _ from driving, theft under $200, false pretences under $200, possession of stolen pioperty under $200, bookmaking and keeping a bawdy house.(Depending on the offense, the accused

may be given the option to be higher court judge, or judge *Some indictable offences but it is up to the prosecutor

february

1, 1974

tried by&:provincial judge, and jury.) may be tried summarily, to decide how to proceed.

Search an&seizure Police have no right to search a place without a warrant.

Search warrants are issued only by a justice of the peace or provincial court judge. Before permitting entry of a police officer with a search warrant, CHECK CAREFULLY that the warrant does in fact: 1. Set out an offence; 2. State your name and place of residence.

If the address on the warrant is not your address, the police have no right to enter. If the warrant shows your address but names someone else as the occupant, again the police have no right to enter. However, if at any time you give the police permission to enter, even if the search is illegal, anything they find during the course of the search may be used against you.

You should check the date on the warrant.

Warrants are valid only on the day specified and are to be executed .by day unless specifically stated in the warrant that they should be executed by night. Search warrants allow the officer named to search a place, house, apartment or car.

However, unless you are placed under arrest, the officer has no right to search your person. Anything seized. through the search must be taken before the person who issued the warrant and a written report must be filed stating what was found.

Writs of assistance are issued by the federal court to a named officer of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police..

Warrants and writs are made out to a particular officer.

Check to see if that officer is, indeed, present. This writ allows him to search any place at any time for narcotics, controlled or restricted drugs. This writ is valid until he leaves the force.

Searching Vehicles In general, police should have warrants to search cars or other vehicles.

However, exceptions to this rule do exist. The federal weapons and drug laws and provincial liquor laws oftenjustify arbitrary sea.rches by officers.

If an officer stops you and asks to search your car, and he has no search warrant, he could search for liquor, weapons or drugs.‘He must state to you the law under which he is executing the search (ie. Narcotic Control Act) if you ask him and give you reasonable grounds for the search. Remember. that you need not answer any questions about who owns anything in the. vehicle.

If the officer cannot state a law or act to justify his search, then he is conducting an illegal search, and you may use as much force as is necessary to prevent the search. In such an event it is helpful to have witnesses (ie. passengers in the car) in case the officer should

I

friday,

february

1, 1974

I

decide to lay a charge of obstructing a police officer.

Unless you have something to gain by preventing the search, it is probably better to go along with it and take legal remedies later. In conducting an illegal search, an officer is abusing your right to due process and you may sue him in civil court.

5

The arrest Being quest.ioned before the arrest: Before and after a lawful arrest -is made, you are not required to answer questions put to you by a police officer except in certain situations: aif you are the driver of an automobile, you must be able to produce a driver’s licence. @if you are involved in an automobile accident where there is personal injury or more than $200 damage, you must answer questions required by the Highway Traffic Act, and give assistance if necessary.

You should make a statement that you wil1 only answer questions for these purposes so that what you say cannot be used as the basis for a charge against you.

You may find it in your interest to co-operate and identify yourself to the police at other times so that they will have no further grounds to arrest you.

What. is a lawful arrest?

A lawful arrest consists of a police officer telling you that you are under arrest-if you ask him-and the police officer telling you what the charge is or what the act is that he complains of-if you ask him. At the time of the arrest it may be to your advantage to obtain the names of any witnesses who may be able to testify for you in court. You do not have to go to the police station for questioning, until you are put under arrest.

After the arrest: As soon as you are taken into custody, tell the police officer that YOU wish to call a friend, relative, or lawyerONCE IN CUSTODY YOU HAVE THE TO KEE’USE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS YOIJ IIAVE TALKED TO A LAWYER. Make sure to tell the police the reason for Hemember that anything you say while in of a police officer, or anybody (even someone cell) may be used as evidence against you polite, but do not take a chance by giving until you have talked to a lawyer.

RIGHT UNTIL your silence. the presence in the same in court. Be a statement

Arrest and summons How can you be brought to court?

1. You can be arrested with a warrant by a police officer. /_ 2. A police officer can also arrest you without a warrant in three circumstances.

They are: l where he finds you in the process of committing any criminal offence: @where he has reasonable and probable grounds to believe that you have committed or are about to commit an indictable offence; or, *where he has reasonable or probable grounds to believe that a warrant is out for your arrest in the place where he finds you.

3. In certain situations a private citizen may ‘arrest you, but his powers are very limited. A citizen may make an arrest if he finds you committing an indictable offence or if he sees you being chased by the police, and believes that you have broken the law. Arrest by a security officer or by a store detective is a common example of a citizen’s arrest. They have no right to search you, and must turn you over to the police as soon as possible. If this does not ha,ppen, the arrest is illegal, and if you wish to take legal action, you can sue them and the store in civil court.

4. Documents - There are certain documents which can require your attendance in court.

A. A summons on a criminal offence is signed by a justice,of peace, and delivered to your place of residence, and given to you ‘or anyone else over the age of 16 who lives there. If you are charged with an offence over the Highway Traffic Act, a summons may be sent to you by mail.within 21 days of the alleged .offence. If you do not reply to a mail@ summons; it will be “remanded for personal service,” meaning that a police- officer will deliver it in person. Under the Highway Traffic Act, personal service must take place within 21 days of the remand.

B. An appearance notice has the same effect as a summons, but is issued on the spot by. a police officer.

The appearance notice must later be confirmed by a justice of the peace. An appearance notice may also require you to appear for fingerprinting if you are charged with an indictable offence.

C. A promise to appear may also be issued to you by a police officer when he is satisfied that you will appear for court.

All of these documents require you to attend court-at a stated time and place. Failure to do so is a criminal offence and a bench warrant may be issued for your arrest..

\

Bail

The main purpose of bail is to ensure that after being arrested, you will appear in court for trial. Through the Bail Reform Act, you may be kept in custody or released according to the following conditions: 1. The police officers concerned and the crown attorney can only keep you in custody if they can prove: (a) that you will not appear for trial if released, or, (b) that it is not in the public interest that you be released. .

2.If you are being held in custody pending your first court appearance, you may be released at any time by the arresting officer or the officer in charge at the police station, and given an appearance notice.

‘3. You may also be released at the time of your first court appearance unless the crown prosecutor can “show cause” why you should be kept in custody until the day of your trial. A “show cause” hearing should be >held within 24 hours of the arrest, but in certain cases it may be longerthan this. If the justice of the peace denies bail, the accused-must again appear for a remand every eight days until his trial. It may be to your advantage to have a character witness on hand to testify on your behalf. If there is no one to speak for you, the court has no alternative but to accept the l&osecutor’s argument.

4. If you live more than 100 miles from the place where you are to be tried, you may be asked to supply a form of security, either money or property, (not exceeding $500 in cash or valuable security) to ensure your appearance for trial. If you do appear for trial, any money deposited will be returned to you. If you are released on bail, and do not appear for trial as required, you will forfeit the amount of money involved.

Only a justice of the peace or a provincial judge can grant bail.

5. You may be released on the promise to return for trial.

This is called a’ “release on one’s own recognizance.”

This is an agreement signed, by which you promise to appear in court when required.

If you do not appear, you may have to pay the court the sum which was agreed to in the recognizance. c FAILURE TO AI&EAR FOR COURT IS A CRIMINAL OFFENCE AND A BENCH WARRANT MAY BE ISSUED FOR YOUR ARRhST. you

6. If bail is refused at a bail or “show cause” hearing, may appeal the refusal to the county court judge.

In the court Court begins at 9:30 am or at 2 pm. The time and place at which you are to appear is written on your summons or appearance notice. You should be there when the court session begins. Your case may be called at any time, and if you are not present in the courthouse at that time, there may be a bench warrant issued for your arrest. You may also be charged with failure to appear, which is a criminal offence. In the case of summary convictions, the proceedings may go on without you.

When the judge enters the courtroom, the court officer will ask everyone to rise. When it is your turn to appear, the crown prosecutor will call out your name, and you will go to the front of the courtroom.

The prosecutor may decide to proceed on any or all of the charges against you. You will be asked how y.ou intend to plead, but you may defer this decision at this time if you have not had a chance to talk to duty counsel or to your lawyer.

If you are pleading not guilty, a trial date will be set at which time you must return to plead your case. If you‘d0 not have a lawyer at the time of your first court appearance but are planning to retain one, the court will set a date at which time you must come back with your lawyer in order to set a date for the trial. Trial dates can be set in the presence of either a provincial court judge or a justice of the peace.

If you are pleading guilty, your case will likely be dealt with on that day.

Often you will be asked to return to your seat for a short time until the judge enters and is ready for your case.

When you are called to the front, the court stenographer will then “arraign” you by reading out the charge and asking you to state your plea - “guilty” or “not guilty’*.

If you are to be tried by -the provincial court j.udge, and are pleading guilty, you may then sit at the left front desk with your lawyer, and your case will be heard. Whenever the magistrate speaks to you, or you wish to speak, you must stand. The criminal code gives you the right to be present at your own trial. However, if you cause,any disruption in the courtroom, you may be charged with contempt of court, and removed from the room. It is a good idea to always address the judge in a polite and respectful manner.

What. is a preliminary hearing?

If you are charged with certain indictable offences, you may be asked, after you state your plea, if.you wish to be tried by the provincial court judge who is sitting that day, or by a county court judge, or by a judge and jury.

Your election and plea may be very important to your

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defence, and you should, discuss these matters with a lawyer. You may ask for a week’s adjournment to see counsel before you enter a plea or make an election as to how you wish to be tried.

If you elect to be tried by a higher court, the court will hold a preliminary hearing in front of the provincial court judge in order to determine if there is enough evidence to send you to trial.

Before the hearing, the judge will read you a warning to the effect that anything said by you or a witness at the hearing may be used against you at your trial, and that you have nothing to fear from any coercion or pressure.

A preliminary hearing is conducted in much the same way as a trial. The defence and the prosecution may call witnesses and you may also speak on your own behalf if you wish. You or your lawyer may cross-examine the prosecution’s witnesses.

If- the prosecution’s evidence against you is weak, you may make a motion that the case be dismissed on the-basis that there is insufficient evidence. to take you to trial.

The purpose of a preliminary hearing is not to prove guilt or innocence, but merely to show if guilt is probable.

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If you plead guilty: 1.’ The crown prosecutor will read the facts of the case against you. * * 2. The judge will ask you if you agree with- the evidence as read. At this point, you may say anything you wish which pertains to the facts of the case.

3. The judge will then make a finding of guilty, or a conviction will be registered.

4. The judge wil1 then ask the crown prosecutor if you have any criminal record.

The prosecutor may make some recommendations to the judge on sentencing.

5. Before sentence is imposed, you are given an opportunity to say anything which might favourably affect your sentence (i.e. age, marital or employment situation).

The judge will, in most cases, question you on these matters.

The judge may also postpone sentencing to obtain a pre-sentence report. The pre-sentence report involves ’ interviewing you, your parents, former employers and school officials as well as other persons you may suggest. After the pre-sentence report is completed, you must make a final court appearance to receive your sentence.

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If you plead not guilty: You must appear in court on the day and time set for your trial. Any witnesses that you wish to speak for you must be present. The trial will proceed as follows: 1. The crown prosecutor begins the proceedings by submitting the evidence against you by means of one or Q more, witnesses.

2. When the prosecutor has finished questioning a witness, opportunity is given for you to cross-examine.

You may question the witness only on matters of which he has first-hand knowledge.

3. When the crown prosecutor has closed his case, the court asks you if you wish to give evidence or call witnesses. Any evidence given must be under oath, and subject to cross-examination.

4. After all the witnesses have testified, and both the defence and the prosecution have closed their cases, you may sum up your case. If you did not give evidence or call any witnesses, you give your evidence last. If both you ,and the prosecution gave evidence, then the prosecution argues last.

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Your defence

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It is a good idea, after you are charged, to secure a lawyer as soon as possible.

Even if you are thinking of pleading guilty to a summary offence, talking to a lawyer can be really helpful. On your first court aptiearance, you may ask the magistrate for a postponement to find legal counsel.

Who can help you prepare your defence?. _ REMEMBER:

Everyone has a right to legal counsel on a criminal charge !! You may obtain this legal counsel in a number of ways.

1. You may consult a private lawyer of your choice, You can find a listing of all the lawyers in the area in the yellow pages of the telephone directory.

2. If you need financial assistance in order to pay for a lawyer, on either a criminal or civil matter you may apply for legal aid. However, legal aid is only mandatory for an indictable criminal offence. For other cases, it is up to the officials of Legal Aid to determine if you are eligible.

In Kitchener-Waterloo, call 743-4306: This will put you in contact w,ith the Legal Aid office in the Waterloo county courthouse, and they will arrange an appointment for you. If you are accepted

by Legal Aid, your legal account will be paid from the time you applied, not from the time you were accepted, and you are expected to pay what you can afford.

If you are not accepted by Legal Aid, you can appeal the decision. The contiriwed on page 16

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important thing is that you apply. If you receive legal aid, you have the choice of any lawyer on the Legal Aid panel, which includes most lawyers in the community.

3. Duty counsel is a lawyer whose purpose is to advise you on your legal rights, tell you what is involved in the ’ charges against you, represent you on an application for bail, or request that your trial be postponed to a later date. If you are pleading guilty, he may speak on your behalf.

In special circumstances he may be able ?to represent you on a “not guilty” plea.

Duty counsel is available every day at provincial court.

Speak to him before the court session starts. If you don’t get a chance to speak to duty counsel before your name is called in court, ask the judge to postpone your case a few minutes until you have spoken to him 4. There is a Legal Information Clinic Tuesday evening from 7: 30-9: 30 at 18 Queen Street, N., Kitchener for free legal advice concerning your case. Call 579-3800 for an appointment with alawyer at the clinic.

If you want to represent yourself: Although it is not required by the courts, it is usually beneficial to obtain some sort of legal advice or assistance.

However, if you wish to represent yourself, _ there are certain things you should be aware of.

Where to get information on your case: In order to be well prepared, you should know the particulars of the prosecutor’s case against you. Ask to see the “information.”

Phone the court clerk at provincial court (call the crown office at 5764300, or make a written request to the prosecutor).

It may ‘also be a good idea to talk to any witnesses which the-crown intends to call. These witnesses are indicated on the “information.”

You should obtain a copy of the charge against you in order to properly understand the essential elements of, your case.

You can do this in two ways: a] Go to the court clerk at the provincial court house and ask to see the “information.” b-1 Get a copy of the criminal code or whatever act under which you are charged from the local library.

Read carefully the sections pertaining to your charge to discover what must be proven to convict you.

Calling witnesses: You need not give evidence or call witnesses if you feel it could only be injurious to your case, or if you are pleading guilty. It is then up to the crown to make its case against you. Remember, the crown must prove your guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

You may always cross-examine the crown’s witnesses.

In cross-examination, you may question the witness on the testimony he has already given (his evidence-inchief) or on any thing related to it. You may bring out any evidence that the witness can give of his own knowledge.

Leading-questions are permissable in cross-examination only. For example, you might ask, “Did you say that you saw Joe Smith leaving the store at about 4:30?” In cross-examining, try to bring up facts which contradict the witness’ testimony, or suggest different possibilities or explanations for your actions.

You may also try to undermine the value of the witness, sometimes by means of quoting from authorities on the subject.

If you do wish to call witnesses or give evidence on your own behalf, you may do so after the crown prosecutor has closed his case. In order to make sure that your witnesses will be present, you may have them “subpoenaed.”

To do this, go to the police building on Frederick Street in Kitchener, or Albert Street in Waterloo, with the person’s name and address.

A subpoena will be issued which can be delivered by either you or a police officer. There is a fee of $1.

Each witness you call must be identified and sworn in.

You may then question him to obtain his version of the facts. Have your questions prepared and written down, if you wish.1 It is also a good idea to make notes on what witnesses say,, as the prosecutor questions them. YOU may reexamine your witnesses after the prosecutor has cross-examined them. You may question your witness only on matters of which he has first-hand knowledge, not on what he thinks happened, or what sonieone else told him. It, is not permissable to get information from your witness by means of “leading questions.”

Leading questions are questions that suggest the answer which you wish the witness to give. An example of a leading “Did you see Joe Smith running out question would be: the store with a gun in his hand?” This question should be altered so that it is made up of several shorter questions.

“Did you see anyone leaving the store?” “Did him?” Try to $you recognize him?” “Can you identify keep your questions short, simple and specific.

If YOU ideally you should testify first, plan to give evidence, then call your witnesses in the order in which they were mvolved in the case and ask questions in a logical sequence of events.

BE SURE that you have talked to your witnesses before they testify, and that you know what they will say. An unexpected answer could be very damaging to yo,ur case. . If you have several witnesses, you may wish to have them excluded from the courtroom, except when they are

giving testimony.

This may- strengthen the credibility of your case in some situations.

Giving your evidence: You may wish to give evidence yourself.

In this in- . stance, you may give your version of the events under oath and in the witness box. The judge will most likely assist you by asking questions.

After all witnesses have been called, both parties can sum up their case. If you did not give evidence or call any witnesses, you may give argument first. Point out the weak points in the crown’s case and the strong points in yours.

You may refer to previous decisions made on similar cases. Information on case law can be found in the law library of the county court house at 20 Weber street East, Kitchener .

Defences to consider: In conduction of your defence, you may have-several choices open to you.

For example, if you have an alibi, or allege that you were mistaken for someone else or that the offence did not take place, you should tell the prosecutor immediately.

‘In most criminal cases, there must be some evidence of intent or “mens rea”, i.e. a guilty mind.

Drunkeness may be a defence in some cases. You can only be convicted of a crime if you are aware of cgmmitting the act. This, however, does not mean that you must know the act was an offence. Ignorance is not a defence.

The prosecutor must always have the accused identified in court by means of one or more witnesses.

If you think that you cannot be identified, have a friend act as an agent for you and remain seated in the spectator section of the courtroom.

You must get permission of the judge or crown prosecutor to do this. Then have your agent require witnesses to \pick you out.

Check that the information on the summons, and in the charge when it is read to you, is correct regarding your name, the section under which you are charged, the description of the event, location, etc. Errors in this information can be grounds for an objection and possible dismissal of your case. Listen to see that prosecution establishes all the necessary facts, e.g. identification, through evidence. If he does not, you may have grounds for dismissal.

Note: These are some possible defences, but if you are unsure about any part of your. defence you should

contact the appropriate person or office involved.

For example, if you need some information about your charge, call the crown prosecutor’s office or court clerk.

REMEMBER: that you are considered innocent in a criminal trial until the prosecutor proves your guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. However, in a few offences under the Highway Traffic Act (such as negligence) the onus is on you -to prove your innocence or give a reasonable explanation.

If the prosecutor fails to prove any one of the essential elements of the charge, your case may be dismissed.

Here is an example of what the prosecution must prove in the offence of possession of a drug under the Narcotics Control Act, (e.g. marijuana): [a] The drug must be analysed by a chemist to prove that the substance was in fact an unlawful drug. He must serve you with a certificate of analysis before the trial. [b] It must be proved that you knew the particular drug was LSD or whatever. [c] It must be proved that you knew the location of the particular drug. ’ [d] It must be proved that you possessed the drug willingly. [e] It must be proved that you had some control over the drug and its whereabouts.

In some cases, such as summary offences, if your case is set for trial and you are ready to go on, but the prosecutor requests an adjournment because a witness isn’t available, you may ask for dismissal of the case for lack of prosecution.

The judge always makes the final decision in these matters.

If you need an interpretor, the court will appoint and pay for one, or you may bring a friend with you to interpret the proceedings for you.

It’s a good idea to dress appropriately for your court appearance, ‘and always address the judge as “Your Honour .” Know your rights, and insist on them, firmly but politely.

During your trial, if you have any doubts about points

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Jail: Jail terms on more than one charge can be served consecutively (one after another) or concurrently (at the same /time).

If you risk losing your job; and your offence is relatively minor, you may ask to serve your sentence intermittently, that is, on weekends, as long as your total sentence is_ not more than 90 days. If the judge refuses to grant you an intermittent sentence, you may later apply for a ‘day parole’. This mea% that you must have a letter from your employer, and apply-. to the superintendent of the institution in which you are serving time for permission to continue at your job during / the day.

Supension of Licence: On many offences involving automobiles, your licence will be suspended for a period of time by the department of transport, or by the judge in the court.

In certain cases, you may ask the judge for a restricted licence, which allows you to use your car for the purposes of employment only.

Consequences of a Criminal Record: So you have a conviction, so what?

Many ‘people do not understand how serious the consequences of a criminal record can be and that convictions on even minor offences result in a criminal record.

If you are convicted of a charge under the Criminal Code, Food and Drug Ac,t, or Narcotics Control Act, you will have a criminal record.

What does a criminal record mean?

For example, if you are charged with another offence, and brought back to court again, a criminal record can affect your bail application.

If convicted on a charge, the judge may consider your previous record in passing sentence on the current offence, even though they are two entirely different offences.

If it is the same offence, it may mean that you will rece&e a stiffer sentence. Again, on a second conviction for an impaired driving charge, and if the second offence . is committed within five years of the first one, there will be a mandatory jail term of 14 days.

of law, ask the judge to help operative.

Finally, in preparing your resources at your disposal, formation Clinic, or reference hesitate to talk to the proper the necessary information.

you.

He will usually

‘be co-

defence, make use of all the such as the free Legal Inbooks in the library.

Don’t officials in order to obtain

Outcomes bf your case Dismissal: Your case may be dismissed or thrown out of court due’ to lack of evidence. The crown must prove that you are guilty of the offence beyond a reasonable doubt.

Conviction: L If the court finds you guilty, the judge may announce that a conviction will be registered, and will proceed to sentence you. You will then have’s criminal record. You may apply for a pardon to remove the conviction against your name.

Conditional Discharge: When a sentence of conditional discharge is imposed, the court sets out certain rules with which you must comply for a specific length of time, usually one year.

You may be required to see a probation officer. During that time, if you commit any other criminal offence, or otherwise break the terms of your discharge, you can be taken back to court, be convicted, and sentenced on the original charge, and then tried on t!e charge at hand, if there is one. If you keep the terms of your discharge, you will not have a criminal record. You also have to apply for a pardon for a conditional discharge. , A conditional discharge is your chance to escape the consequences of a criminal record, but it does impose

terms that must be kept. For example, one of the terms of your discharge could be that you may not associate with anyone convicted or found guilty under the Food and Drug Act or the Narcotics Control Act for the length of time of your discharge.

This may mean that you will not be able to see some of your friends if they themselves have been convicted or have conditional or absolute discharges.

If you do see them, you will be breaking the terms of your own, discharge.

A conditional discharge could have serious. consequences, and therefore should not be taken lightly.-’ ,’ Absolute Discharge If you are granted an absolute discharge, you have been found guilty of a crime, but this is not the same as a conviction.

The court lays no penalties against you, and you will have no criminal record and no conviction is registered.

However, you must apply for a pardon.

1 Suspended Sente-rice: If you are convicted of an offence, the court may decide’as a result of your age or previous good character to suspend the sentence, and order you to be released on conditions outlined in a probation order. If the offence on which you are convicted requires a minimum punishment by law, sentence cannot be suspended.

Probation: If asked by the judge, a probation officer may prepare a pre-sentence report. This report will outline the family, work, and educational background, etc., of the accused and will assist the judge in passing sentence. A copy of the pre-sentence report is supplied to the accused, or his lawyer, as well as to the crown prosecutor and judge.

The judge may lay down a number of rules you may ‘gave to follow during this period of your probation.

For example, the judge may order you to report to a probation officer or to provide support for your family or to stop drinking alcohol as well as any of several, other conditions.

The court must specify the length of time that you are to remain on probation.

A probation order can be enforced for a period of up to three years. The consequences of breaking your probation order are similar to those when a conditional‘discharge is broken.

Fines: If the court convicts you and orders you to pay a fine, you may ask for a reasonable length of time in which to . make payment.

Many employers are unwilling to hire people with criminal records.

So when you are applying for a job, a criminal record may mean that you,won’t be considered.

If you have-to be bonded for your job, a criminal record may mean that your bond won’t be approved which immediately rules out many jobs for which you would be eligible.

For many people who are considering traveling, a criminal record may mean that you may be denied entrance to some countries!

If you are a Canadian citizen, and ’ have a criminal record, as long as you have served your sentence, finished your term of probation or paid your fine, you can apply for a passport.

If these conditions are met, a criminal record will’ not stand in your way of getting a passport.

If you are from another country and have a criminal. record, you could be denied status as a landed immigrant.

As well, if you are a landed immigrant, and b intend to apply for Canadiati citizenship, your criminal record could prevent your application being approved, although this is not necessarily the case.

How To Receive a Pardon For Convictions: If you have been convicted of a summary offence, you can apply for a pardon under the Prisons Records Act. You must wait two years to apply after the date that your sentence is finished (that means either your probation or prison sentence is served or you pay your fine, whichever is the last to occur). .If you are convicted of an indiktable qffence, you must wait five years from 4he end of your sentence to apply. A pardon is not automatically granted; you must apply and have it approved by the Federal Parole Board. If’ within this time period you have any further convictions, you will have to wait even longer to apply and may have your application refused.

Except for federal government. employment, you still have to report a conviction even if you have received a pardon.

For Conditional and Absolute Discharges: If you are granted an absolute discharge or a conditional discharge, you do not h&e to report that you have a criminal record, but you have been found guilty by the court, and therefore must apply for a pardo?. If you have been granted an absolute discharge on a summary offence, you must wait one year from the date your absolute discharge was granted to apply for a pardon. If you were given a conditional discharge, you must wait one year f;-om the date you dinished your probation.

If you were given a discharge on an indictable offence, you must wait three years before applying for a pardon.

TO appTy for a pardon for either a discharge or a convictidn, write: The Federal Parole Board, 340 Laurier Avenue West, OTTAWA, Ontario, or pick up an ap-plication form at the Community Information Centre, 18 Queen street North, Kitchener.

There is no fee for L I making this application. continued

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continued from page 17 If at any time you are again convicted of an offence under the Canadian Criminal Code or of any other federal offence, or- and this is important-if you are found not to be of “good conduct”, your pardon can be revoked.

This means that you will again have a conviction against your name, and a criminal record that you must report.

Note: New legislation regarding pardons m’ay outdate some of the information in this section.

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Small claims court Civil cases do not involve crimes, which are considered to be wrongs against the public, rather, they-concern personal wrongs such as breach of contract or damage caused in an automobile accident.

The county small claims court handles most civil disputes where the amount involved is $400 or less. The small claims court does have jurisdiction and can hear claims in ’ the. following areas .: 1. contract disputes concerning payment or quality of work; 2. unpaid loans or merchandise bought on credit; 3. the recovery or possession of property; 4. landlord/tenant disptites in many cases; 5. negligence actions.

If you feel you have a claim, and want to take someone to small claims court (remember, $400 pr less), you. do not need a lawyer and you do not need a great deal of money. Court fees covering an action in small claims court range from $4 to $12.

In addition, there are extra small bailiff fees for the issuing of summonses to the defendant or subpoena the witnesses.

Each summons or subpoena usually costs about $4 plus mileage to deliver. These court costs are recoverable if you, the plaintiff win your case. The time period in which you can launch suit is one year when damages from an automobile accident are involved, and six years for other damages, unpaid debts, or acknowledgements of unpaid debts. The plaintiff only has to go to the small claims court ;in the geographical area in which the defendant lives, or where the claim took place. (The defendant is the person being sued). At the small claims court, the plaintiff can either swear out an affidavit cdnceming the dispute or simply prepare his “claim” in duplikate, e.g. “John Smith owes me $50 for services rendered as we agree&“-A summons will then be issued to the defendant by the court clerk. The summons gives the name and address of the plaintiff and outlines his-claim against the defendant.

It is important that the defendant is properly identified in the summons.

Any other relevant documents, such as a cheque or promissory note, must be filed with the court at the time the affadavit is sworn and the summpns is issued.

Any forms you need to begin an action are available at the small claims ,courthouse, and you will be infokmed there how to use them.

If your claim is more than $60, the summons must be delivered personally to the defendant, and received by him. If the defendant does not file a “dispute” within ten days of receiving the summons, ,,which Ii&s his reasons for disagreeing with the claim, and show up at the court for the hearing of the claim, the court will almost always make a judgement in favour of the plaintiff.

It is also possible for the defendant to pay part of the debt which he agrees that he owes and file a “dispute” for the rest of the claim. In this case, the defendant must pay to the court the amount of the klairrin that he does feel he owed.

The plaintiff then has the opportunity to decide wh’ether or not to continue with the claim in the court. If the plaintiff decides not to proceed, the action is settled.

If you receive a summons to small claims court, and admit to owing the amount of the claim, but can’t afford to pay the whole claim, go to the small claims court referee at the small claims court, and explain your money problem to him. He then can arrange payments that you can aff&d, and you do not have to appear in court;. If you follow this procedure, there is no reason for your wages to be garnished.

If a judgement is made against you, there can be a number of serious consequences.

Your wages can be garnished u,sually up to 30 per cent (if married), as well as your bank account.

Personal belongings can be taken as well. However, i’f this does happen, the clothing of the debtor and family are exempt, up to $1000, and household goods and tools or other objects needed to earn a ‘living are exempt up to the value of $2000.

If a debtor fails to pay damages in connection with the operation of an automobile, his v&i+ permit and driver’s licence can be suspended.

The Motor Vehicles Accident Claim Fund pays unsatisfied judgemtints to a certain extent to the victims of uni&ured, penniless, or hit -and -run drivers.

If the plaintiff fails to appear at the trial, the actions

will be dismisded.

The defendant can then claim costs which have resulted from his having to come to court, by going to the court clerk. If the defendant fails to appear, the plaintiff can ask the judge to make a settlement.

Any information you need in connection with a claim, you can get through your local small claims court by asking assistance from the court clerk. In Kitchener, the small claims court is located at 575 King St. West, 7458063. Some hearings (are held in the county courthouse on Weber street.

Juvenile court Since a juvenile is regarded as a person requiring guidance and help and is not looked upon as a criminal, he may not be fingerprinted or photographed.

A juvenile record is not a criminal record ‘since the offence of delinquency is not a crime.

Juveniles may get legal aid in Ontario in cases where parents cannot afford a lawyer or where there is a g&d chance of imprisonment in a training school.

In juvenile court you do not plead guilty or not guilty.

After the charge is read to you you are asked if you admit to or deny the allegation of delinquency.

Juvenile courts> may impose a fine of up to ‘$25.

Probation orders are quite common and incarceration in a training school takes place only in serious cases, or where there is a record of past delinquency.

Generally, the’ juvenile, and sometiines his parents, are referred to counselling agencies or other available services to deal, with the particular problem.

If you are 14 or under and yo& alleged delinquency would be indictable in criminal court, yolk are elegible for transfer to criminal court (provincial judge’s court).

Such a transfer iS generally recommended by a probation officer who testifies at a hearing to decide u’pon the transfer.

The prosecutor must prove that juvegile court cannot help you further and it is in your interest to be tried in provincial judge’s dourt.

Landlord-tenant Can you sublet your apartment?

Yes, you have the right to sublet your apartmeit with the consent of the landlord, and this consent cannot be arbitrarily witheld. The landlord cannot extract a service charge from you unless he incurs some reasonable expenses, for example, his placing of an ad. If the landlord does decide to charge you for this service, you may apply by summary application to a’ judge or diktrict court of the county or district in which the premises are situated.

It is important that you ask your kmdlord about subletting when you first move in. In this matter, any conditions about your subletting should be discussed in the beginning, not when you are deciding to move.

When can a landlord enter your apartment?

He can enter in the case of an emergency (which is not specified in the Landlord Tenant Act), or where the landlord has a right under written lease to show the premises to prospective tenants at reasonable hours after noti& of termination--&f tenancy has been given. At any other ti’me, the landlord must have your permission and should hand you a written notice 24 hours before he intends to enter the premises.

Can you change the locks?

No, neither the landlord nor the tenant may change the locks except, with mutual consent.

Deposits: The landlord may only ask for an amount which does not exceed your last month’s rent.

What are the general responsibilities of your landlord?

1. The landlord must comply with the health, safety, and housing standards by law.

2. In general, your landlord is responsible for providing and maintaining the rental premises in a good state of repair, and fit for habitation during the tenancy.

3. If you feel this requirement is being neglected, contact your landlord and confront him with what you feel should be fixed. If you still receive no satisfaction, contact the Landlord TFnant Advisory Bureau with your grievances.

You can also, after notifying your landlord, fix it yourself, and deduct the amount from yqur rent.

Termination of Tenancy: You or the landlord can issue notice of termination in writing.

For a written termination the following form may be used: a. It should be signed by the person giving notice.. b. It should identify the premises. c. It should state the date on which the tenancy is to be terminated.

Eviction: A landlord can only evict a tenant by obtaining a court order. Therefore, if a tenant receives a notice to vacate (terminate tenancy) and refuses to, then the landlord must obtain a court order. Even in a case where there are irrears in rent the landlord must obtain a court order.

How much advance notice should the landlord or tenant give?

If you pay by the week, the notice of termination should be given on or before the last day of one week of tenancy to be effective on the last day of the following week of tenancy. If you pay by the month, the notice of termination should bti given on or before the last day of one month of tenancy to be effective on the last day of the following month of tenancy.

To terminate a year to year tenancy, the notice of termination should be given 60 days before the last day of your year of tenancy, to be effective on the last day of that year of tenancy.

What happens if you decide to stay after giving a termination notice?

In this case, the landlord is entitled. to compensation for the use and occupation of the premiges..If the landlord accepts compensation for the use of the premises after the notice of termination, this does not mean the creation of a new tenancy, unless landlord and tenant agree.

NOTE: You should check this in your lease. In many leases, unless you inform the landlord of termination, you automatically take on a new lea&, without having to sign anything.

During any disagreement between landlord and tenant, the landlord may not withhold reasonable supply of any vital service: heat, fuel, electricity, gas, or water which is the landlord’s obligation to supply under the tenancy agreement.

What are the functions of the Landlord Tenant Advisory Bureau?

1. To advise landlords &kd tenants in tenancy matters.

2. To recieve complaints and seek to mediate disputes between landlord and tenant. ..

3. To put out information in order to educate and advise landlords and tenants co’ncerning rental practice, rights, and alternatives that are available.

ADDRESS: Waterloo Regional Government Offices, ,

friday,

february

the

1, 1974

Marsland Center, Erb and Albert streets, Waterloo, 5793710. No fee; office hours; Monday to Friday, 9am-5 Pmkeases: It is very important to read your lease carefully and to understand what you are signing. Although many leases are of a standard form, many landlords include different clauses. If y,ou don’t agree with some part of your lease, DON’T SIGN! Only after it completely meets your satisfaction should the lease be signed. It is very hard to get out of a contract once you have signed your name to a lease. Be sure that you receive a copy of the lease. You are not bound by the terms of the lease until you receive a copy of that lease.

How do you begin to take legal action?

To commence any dispute between you and the landlord or vice versa, you should go to the small claims court at 575 King St. W. There, you may fill out a claims form which in turn shall be made into a summons and sent to that party.

Some matters under the Landlord Tenant Act cannot be dealt with in small claims court and an application must be made to a county court ’ judge.

Mental health act What is an involuntary patient?

Under the Mental Health Act of Ontario an involuntary patient is someone who is sent for psychiatric examination and/or treatment to a mental hospital or psychiatric clinic in a regular hospital without his consent. An involuntary commital is made if it is decided that the person presents a danger to himself or others as a result of his mental condition.

In some cases, a person may request that he be sent for an examination or treatment in a mental hospital, under a court order. This makes him an involuntary patient as well.

Who can send you to a mental hospital?

A physician, a justice of the peace or a police officer can decide as a result of your behavior that you should be committed for examination for a limited period.

For committal by a physician he must examine you personnally and decide that you should be committed.

He must complete an application not later than seven days after examining you and you must be committed within 14 days of the date of the completed examination.

You can be held in the hospital for up to one month after being admitted on an examination.

Anyone, such as a wife or neighbour, can give information under oath to a justice of the peace and if he is satisified that a psychiatric examination is necessary can issue an order for one. The police can then pick you up and take you for an examination.

Any‘ police officer can take you for a psychiatric examination if (a) you may be a danger to yourself or others, and (b) you are acting strangely enough to draw his attention, which would mean that which would be

disorderly behavior for a “normal” person.

If you are in custody and have been charged with or the judge may order a convicted of an offence, psychiatric examination and a report will be submitted to the judge outlining your mental condition.

If the doctor reports that the person -he examined should. have treatment the judge can order you to attend for treatment.

How long can you be kept there against your will?

A, person who is admitted as an involuntary patient can be confined for an indefinite period of time by what is called a “certificate of renewal” and j another examination.

Again, the key is whether a person is considered a danger to himself or others. Technically a person could be kept in a mental hospital for the rest of his life as these certificates are renewed.

A patient is free to leave only when it is felt he no longer needs treatment.

However, the patient will not be allowed out in the community if he is supposed to be detained elsewhere. If a patient leaves without approval, he can be returned by the police or any other person appointed in charge. However, a patient not returned in a month, unless they are otherwise supposed to be detained, will be considered discharged.

What is a review board in a mental institution?

A review board is a committee made up of three to five members of which at leastone is a psychiatrist, one is a lawyer, and one other.person who is not a psychiatrist or a lawyer. The review board tries to find out whether the patient needs further hospitilization for his own safety or for the safety of others.

An involuntary patient can apply to a review board when a certificate of renewal comes up, or anytime after he is admitted if he is still there against his will. The review board conducts a hearing which the patient may attend unless other directions have been given. He may also have another person appear for him. During the hearing the patient may call and crossexamine witnesses, or he may make statements on his own behalf. After the hearing, the chairman of the review board makes a written report on the decision that has been reached and gives a copy of this to the person who applied and to the officer in charge. The officer in charge then takes any action that is required by the decision.

Marital

law

Since marriage is a legal contract, there are many technicalities involved.

If you,wish to have more cornplete information on separation or divorce proceedings, you should definitely seek legal advice!

Annulment: A marriage may be annulled or declared invalid if certain conditions exist: / @Your marriage may be void if you and your partner are too closely related. @Another reason for declaring a marriage invalid is bigamy, that is, if one partner was already legally married to someone else at the time of the wedding.

chekm

19

@Your marriage may not be legal if you or your sppuse were mentally incompetent or under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of the wedding. Similarly, a marriage is void if one partner was not aware that the marriage ceremony was taking place, or if force, either physical or verbal threats, was used to get the couple to the altar. You may only be married of your free will! .A marriage may be annulled in the case of impotency, if your spouse is impotent, and has been impotent since the time of your marriage, or if your marriage has not been consummated.for any other reason, and if it can be proved that the condition is not likely to be cured.

If you apply for and receive an annulment, this means that the “marriage” never did exist, or was void from the start. However, any childrenborn during a marriage that was then annulled are still legitimate, provided that the partners entered the marriage in good faith. Moreover, the husband may still be required to maintain his wife, or vice versa, under the Matrimonial Causes Act of Ontario.

Separation: There is really no such thing as a “legal” separation.

A court cannot command a husband and wife to cease living together, and you cannot be forced to agree to a separation or sign a separation agreement against your will.

Separation usually takes the form of a mutual, unwritten agreement between a couple who decides not to live together for a period of time. It is wise, however, to prepare a written separation agreement to divide the property and care of the children as you wish. But be careful that you do not sign away any rights you may later regret!!

A judicial separation may be granted in court on the grounds of adultery, sodomy, bestiality, rape of another woman, cruelty, or desertion for at least three years.

A court may award damages for failure to carry out a separation agreement.

Either parent may be required to pay alimony for the upkeep of the other spouse and/or children.

Since 1968, a man may now sue his wife for alimony or maintenance.

The amount of alimony may be decided by mutual agreement or in court. Payment can be, enforced by small claims court or by family court.

Note .that alimony is the allowance granted while a couple is still married, and maintenance is paid after after a divorce. Alimony can only be granted by a court if the husband had comitted adultery, if there has been cruelty, or if one spouse has deserted the other. Alimony awarded to a wife is usually one third of the husband’s net income, unless she has her own income.

Divorce Procedure: Divorce is a court order whereby a marriage is terminated by law. Divorce proceedings can be ~ fairly complicated, especially if there-is a disagreement over financial settlement or custody of children.

Contact a lawyer.

If you have insufficient funds, you may apply for legal aid to pay your lawyer’s fees, although legal aid is not always granted for divorce proceedings.

If your divorce continued

on page 20

20

the

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continued from page 19 is a straightforward one and you are sure of your grounds, and you wish to handle it yourself, go to the registrar’s office to find out the exact procedure.

You will be required to collect affadavits, serve papers on your spouse and complete many notices and petitions.

You may also examine previous divorce actions on file at the registry office to compare your case with others.

The registry office in Kitchener is located at 122 Frederick street.

A divorce action may take at least a year to complete.

There are a ‘number of grounds for divorce, including rape of another woman, sodomy, bestiality, voluntary adultery, and physical or mental cruelty.

Cruelty is probably the most difficult situation to prove.

There must be evidence of actual fear on the part of the partner who is applying for divorce, which makes living together impossible.

Judges do not usually consider one incident of cruelty sufficient to require divorce. .

Other possible grounds for divorce are as follows: *if one spouse has been imprisoned for at least three years, or two years if the total sentence is 10 years or over. aif one spouse is grossly ,addicted to alcohol or a without reasonable hope of nar&otic for three years, rehabilitation. .if one spouse has disappeared with no trace for three years. aif the marriage has not been consummated-after oneyear. .if the spouses have been separated for three years. @if one spouse has deserted the other for three years (five years if you are the deserting party).

The court may refuse to grant a divorce if it finds evidence of collusion, that is, if you and your spouse have deliberately fabricated evidence.

For example, your divorce will not be granted if the judge finds that you have arranged a meeting with another man or woman to purposely make it look as though you have been adulterous. of Children: If there is no dispute between divorcing parents as to custody and visiting arrangemen+, a written agreement setting out the condition: is signed by &~th. HF the Custody

parents are in disagreement about who should receive custody of the child or children, it is the court who must decide. A variety of factors may determine who receives custody, but the court is interested in the future health and well-being of the children.

Often the mother is given custody of young children (under the age of 7). Older boys may be given to the father, and older girls to the-mother, although it varies

services list

Addiction Research Foundation Big Brother Ass. of K-W Big Sister Movement of K-W Catholic Social Services Children’s Aid Society Community Information Center Legal Information Clinic Crisis Clinic Crown Attorney’s Office Downtown Health Clinic HELP Distress Line Interfaith Pastoral Counselling John Howard Society Juvenile and Family Court K-W Counselling Services Landlord and tenant Advisory

1

579-1310 579-5150 743-6621 743-6333 576-0540 578-3800 Y

Waterloo Court Office Waterloo Regional Police for Judges’ Offices; JP’s Offices Kitchener Provincial Court

332 Charles E., Kit. 111 Duke E., Kit. 77 Water N., Kit. 144 King W., Kit. 355 Charles E., Kit. 18 Queen N., Kit.

Waterloo

743-6591 579-37 10

Bureau

Ontario Legal Aid Ontario Probation Services People in Legal Difficulties Registry Office (local) Small Claims Court Waterloo County Jail .

Waterloo County Human Rights

742-3611 576-4300 578-7520 746-l 166 664-3331 743-6781 743-6071 576-9110

Caucus

743-4306 579-1900 744-1641 742-1175 745-8063 745-5647 579-1275 576-5908 578-2738 744-6529, 579-2211

\ .

745-9476

1, 1974

with each individual case. The child may also be involved in the decision of which parent he wants to live with.

When one parent obtains custody of the child, decisions may be made regarding the child’s upbringing, etc., without the approval of the other parent. Access to children by the excluded parent is determined by the court. The parent obtainingcustody must observe this decision on access or face legal consequences. = 4.

--. Community

february

Waterloo

County

.

K-W Hospital, King St., Kit. Court House, 20 Weber, Kit. 77 Water N., Kit.

(in Elmira) 74 Frederick, Kit. 56 Weber St., Kit. Rm. 311, Waterloo County Court House 20 Weber St., Kit. 35 Scott St., Kit. Waterloo Regional Gov’t?Offices Marsland Center, Erb &i Albert, Wat. County Court House, 2OXeber St., Kit. 8 Water St., Kit. 46 Elgin St., Wat. 20 Weber St., Kit. 575 King W., Kit. Linda Keller Janice Nelson Colin De’ath Albert St., Wat. 124 Frederick St., Kit.

.

friday,

february

1, 1974

the

chtwron

2 1

MEET TH’E PRESIDENTIAL’CANDIDATES Tues. Feb. 5 at 11:30 in Eng. 4 lounge Thurs. Feb. 7 at 11: 30 Env. Studies Coffee She-p Sk - Mon. Feb. 11 at 11:30 Math Lounge 3rd floor M&C. \

.

/ i -~ NOTICE

a

OF PRESIDENTIAL EL74-75’ ’ FEB. -13 & 14

/

d-

/

9:30ati to 4:3Opm’ vote by faculty . _.

Arts. & I.S. I ‘M.L. main foyer ’ .* SSc main foyer: ,E S En 8 Eng. 4, 1st floor lounge ath & Corn ut. 3rd floor ath H.K.L.S. Phy.,Act. ( Red North’) Chem-Bio. Link 2nd floor SC:.&opt.

Ren \ison.

-Renison College St. Jerome *’ St. Jerome’s College \ Grad.

- by faculty \’3s above-\ must p-resent I.D. card to vote A; Knechtel . \ I chief returning l

l

\

22

friday,

I

the chevron

FRIDAY Evening pub with MacKenzie. CC pub area. Sponsored by Mathsoc.

MONDAY Circle K -meeting.

Everyone welcome.

OPIRG Board of Governors meetmg.

Everyone welcome.

7 : 30-9pm E23324.

Paralegal Assistance offers free nonprofessional legal advice. 7-10pm CC106 or phone 885-1840.

Baha’i fireside. 7:30pm Everyone welcome.

Chess Club meeting. 7:30pm Rated tournaments, instruction play.

HUM

248

lxthus coffee house- in its second coffee, season of free admjssion, speach and love. 9-12 ML coffee shop.

SATURDAY Pink Ambrosia semi formal 7pm Valhalla Inn Ballroom. Dance to the Don Pond Show, Tickets $7 per couple at Mat hsoc. .

SUNDAY Ecumenical Worship 1 lam Chapel of Conrad Grebel College. Speaker Daryl Drya’nt, Renison Religious Studies with folk guitarists from St Jerome’s and St Paul’s. All welcome. ’ Toboggan races.

Transportation supplied from the math building noon.

Students International Meditation Society. advanced .lecture of group meditation.

Members welcome. 8pm E3-1101.

Assistance meeting. are asked to attend.

CC135. or just

Movies:

Night at the Show with Charlie 1:30am MC2065 and The Railrodder with Buster Keaton 2am MC2065

Chaplin

Gay Liberation presents “On Being Open with Relatives”. A role playing presentation and discussion for your entertainment and edification.

8pm CC113. For more information call ext 2372 or drop into our office CC217C.

WEDNESDAY Committee for the defense of Dr Morgentaler meeting, 7 : 30pm Woman’s Place, 25 DuPont St E. Waterloo. ‘Everyone welcome.

Jazz Club meeting. The Ebullient John Birks ,(Dizzy) Gillespie is the topic.

Speaker Jack Williams. 8pm Kitchener Public Library.

Amateur Radio Club meeting. New members always welcome. 4: 30pm E22355

Canadian Studies 202 lecture On the Economic Elite with Wallace Clement, Carleton University.

7pm HH334.

New 8pm

TUESDAY Contract bridge. Partnerships arranged. Free coffee. 7:30pm

1, 1974

“The computer industry and Canadian independence”.

Open meeting led by Gary Perly, national chairman of the Ca.nadian Liberation movement, who is a former IBM systems engineer. 8pm CC135. Sponsored

by Matsoc and CLM. Free coffee and donuts.

CC113.

12

K-W symphony orchestra presents Nicholas Goldschmidt, guest conductor and the University of Guelph choir. ,2:30pm and 7:30pm Humanities theatre. Students $2; others $2.

Paralegal volunteers cc135.

6pm

february

can be CC135.

Paralegal Assistance offers professional legal advice.

CC106 or phone 885-1840.

free non7-10 pm

Free Yoga class. 8pm WLU gym mat . room.

A whole new outlook on you and the universe. Come and discover how you fit into God’s perfect plan. Christian Science informal group testimony -meeting. 7:30pm SSc301.

Black Bubble coffee house with Derwyn Lea and David Rooke.

Free admission.

Coffee, donuts and homemade baking on sale. 8-midnight.

E4-lounge. .

Faculty of Environmental Studies lecture with Heinz Von Foerster, Department of Biology, U of, W. Topic: “Constructing a Reality.”

8: 15pm -MC2066. Reception 9 :30pm MC5 136.

Photography Club guest lecture series ’ “Marshall Pallett” 8pm SSc355.

Name:

II

QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY.

ISI

City:

I

I

Chairman MBA Program School of Business QUEEN’S Kingston, (613)

Street:

University:

UNIVERSITY Ontario

Faculty:

547-2923

Please send on Queen’s

.

me further information MBA Program.

\\ Graduating

Year:

.

BONANZA DRIVE-IN -WEBER (LINCOLN

ST. N., PLAZA)

open lo:30 am to 3:00 Sundays till 2 am

Nothing

= Golden. \

am

Come & try our famous fish & chips, charbroil hamburgers, ‘cheeseburgers, hotdogs, cold drinks, ‘thick chocolate milk shakes. Fish & chips special 89 cents every Wed. -____.

~

passport photos

$4.50 Y

we$tbilel Phone 884& STUbly nnPnnrl~~~Ni

i

McPhail’s Cycle and Sports Ltd 98 King St. N., Waterloo

743-3835 Sporting Goods 0 Bicycles o-Skate Sharpening l Skis l Skates

l

Molson Golden - A good smooth ale\ Do you know what you’re .

’ missing?

cleaVanceof ski-boot: 30% discount

friday,

february

the chevron

1, 1974

23

I

_Here she comes...

1

nographic sequence, symbolizing the violence which may be inherent in this sexual role-playing.

MS. AMERICA was produced by Lab of Toronto, a Factory Theatre Canadian organization supported by the Canada Council, the Ontario Council for the Arts, and Metropolitan Toronto.

The Factory’s premiere of MS., AMERICA was the first production of a full length play by Leon Rooke, Canadian playwright, although his one-act plays. have been seen throughout Canada and the U.S. Both the actors, David Brown I and Nuala Fitzgerald, are Canadians who’ve been involved in theatre, radio, and T.V. in Canada for many years. David Brown was originally with the Neptune Theatre in Halifax, one of the first successful Canadian theatres, and has performed in most of the major theatre centres across Canada.

Ms. Fitzgerald has also done extensive acting as well as appearing in NBC, ABC, and CBC television programs or series.

Leon Rooke worked with Factory Lab Theatre .for one week during rehearsal, and the actors report that he is very open to discussion on the meaning to be found in his play, feeling that it can be interpreted in different ways and still be meaningful.

MS. AMERICA is being held over for one additional week, so catch it this weekend in Toronto at 374 DuPont Street, just off Bathurst.

Call Toronto 9215989 for times and further information.

Student tickets...$2.50.

1 “Lives of quiet desperation....”

MS. AMERICA is, as the title implies, a take4oris wilson off on the typical beauty queen, the beautiful fit for ‘certified body Everyman’s bed’. The parody is achieved through a free-lance interviewer with total recall, and a porno photographer, each of whom are successful in coercing her to unveilto some degree. But the effective purpose.is to reveal not the shallowness of beauty queens nor the insecurity of journalists, but the rigidity of roles in society, and the disguises which are necessary to fulfil1 even ordinary role expectations.

The conflict between what a woman feels and what she must appear to feel is evident in the opening scene: the beauty queen is off-stage, right, in the kitchen making --tea while awaiting the interviewer.

There is a loud crash of breaking china in the ‘kitchen’ followed by an even louder obscenity.

A moment later the queen realizes he has arrived and rushes forward to greet him in her best hostess style, exclaiming that making tea was no trouble, no trouble at all. When she goes to bring out the tea, there is another loud crash, followed by another obscenity.

Immediately she re-appears, smiling and repeating that it is no trouble,,no trouble at all.

This is typical of the situational method which Rooke employs to allow the viewer to discover for, him or herself the conflict between a character’s real feelings and his expressed sentiments.

There are many genuinely funny lines in this play, although most gain their effect through incongruity or some aspect of role reversal.

One such line is the interviewer’s comment that the beauty queen thinks she can ‘put a pillow over our heads and we’re all alike, echoing an often heard complaint of women against the Hefner syndrome.

Besides dealing with the role rigidity of our society, Leon Rooke ,uses a pornography sequence to illustrate the way pornography in the media manipulates sex roles and images and interferes in people’s own -sexual standards.

His main objection to pornography is the anonymity of it all: the loss of individuality effected as everyone begins to \ David Rea, Rick Roberts and Bob conform to the same set of expectations, Dylan have reached new lows in quality in forcing a man to come on as a STUD, and their latest releases.

In previous recora woman as’ a QUEEN. As a final touch, dings each has proven themselves among Ms. Fitzgerald’s arm was accidentally the top musicians in country-folk music. broken during a rehearsal of the porSadly their new records are the worst

The tops L-down

work that they have done in years.

Bob Dylan can be forgiven for his new release on Columbia Dylan.

Columbia Records had lost its contract and felt compelled to dig into their vaults for the songs Dylan had intelligently discarded.

The songs are from Dylan’s worst period, when he put together Self-Portrait.

One song “Lily of the West”, is almost listenable.

The chorus and instrumental arrangements in the background effect an interesting Spanish-Mexican sound. Any admirer of Dylan will quickly discard this album as nothing more than a last ditch effort to make some money.

Even the album’s cover art is repulsive to the eye.

David Rea’s new album Slewfoot is better but by no ‘means his best. This artist has long been respected as a competent musician and excellent composer.

His latest effort on Columbia contains several fine songs. The opening number “Run that by me One more Time” is a treat featuring Rea and Donna Jean Godchaux from the Grateful Dead in duet.

The fiddle and pedal steel arrangements are by far the best on the album. Charles Lloyd adds some nice touches on his flute and horn on several songs. The potential of these instruments are not explored enough. The album finishes with a fine new song by Rea “Thank you for being my friend”.

The major failing of thealbum is the sloppy mixing.

Some of the material and arrangements are good but can hardly be heard above the voices.

Rick Robert’s new album She is a Song is well produced by former Byrd and Burrito brother Chris Hillman but the material is Rick’s poorest yet. He has become further removed from his country influence.

The harmonies and tight arrangements of his years with the Byrds and Burrito Brothers have disappeared.

His music is a reminder of the commercial non-songs that run rampant on todays music charts.

Hopefully these stale works are but a passing phase in the long history of fine music for which these musicians have been recognized.

-michael

this level with technical elan; but not very many can demonstrate the sort of sympathy and, indeed, love shown by this artist, particularly in the eloquent middle movement.

By and large, I also found the outer movements well-judged in matters of phrasing, dynamics, and tempi.

Perhaps the use-of rubato in some parts of these movements was just slightly over-done,* although this is a much preferable error to the opposite one of ‘metronomic rigidity.

It must also be admitted that there were rdughnesses here and there, and the odd note missing.

It must be admitted that the vantage-point about ten feet directly in front of the piano was ideal for catching the most minute of errors.

And it must also be admitted that the orchestral support, while probably better than it had any right to be, was still not exactly at the level of the Vienna Philharmonic.

With innumerable errors of pitch, false entrances, and plenty of roughnesses of ensemble, going on around the soloist, a note-perfect performance would have to be . a minor miracle.

A great many of the fleet-fingered passages came off with great bravura.

A bright, fairly strong, and out -going performance altogether, which fits the character of the work very well; for although it is in C Minor, the element of dramatic tension is not nearly so great as in, say, the Fifth Symphony in that key.

It is a serious but still fundamentally genial piece, and Joanne’s performance convincingly argued for that view. We are all enriched by a performance on this level of artistry.

As to the other pieces on the program, both came off satisfactorily enough.

Gluck’s overture to Iphigenia in Aulis, also in C Minor, is a portentous, almost broodingly ominous piece which is simple enough to be put over with some effect by this level of performers.

Raffi Armenian’s skill as a , conductor was here; as elsewhere, much in evidence, and apart *from the usual difficulties with horn intonation, the piece went well. Orchestral support in the Beethoven was variable.

-ja n na rveson

gordon

Eligson Coming -up soon plays beethoven January Flicks

31- February

3-Federation

8:00 \ p.m.-Gangbusters-chapter

Joanne Elligsen performed last Sunday, in the Humanities Theatre, the Beethoven C Minor Concerto.

Support for this event emanated from the, K-W Junior Symphony Orchestra, conducted

by Raffi Armenian, this being their winter concert.

The other works on the program were an overture

by Gluck and the 4th Symphony of Schubert.

In every way, the high point of the afternoon was the Beethoven piece.

No doubt it was responsible for the extraordinarily large crowd attending to see a concert of a high-school student orchestra.

Four of the five piano concertos of Beethoven were clearly first-class works, and the third occupies, the middle position in development, in difficulty, and in intrinsic merit. It i% still a classical concerto in the tradition of Mozart strains at the limits of classical expression, and is plenty demanding for the soloist, both technically and interpretatively.

It is a perfect vehicle for an artist of Elligsen’s attainments, and on the whole a challenge met and surmounted-on a high artistic plain. Her performance was distinguished by its subtlety and penetration rather than by dazzle and technical show. Plenty of young artists can bring off a work of

8:30 p.m.-The Boris Karloff, 9: 30 Harris

4

Raven (1935) Bela Lugosi.

starring

p.m. - Cromwell with and Alec Guiness

February

6 Act

Without

Richard

Words

11: 30 Humanities TheatreFree. play directed

by Mark Kelman.

February

6 - 9 FASS’74

8:00

variety

p.m.

February

February 8:00 p.m.

Evans.

Febiuary

show.

12 - 14 Waiting

A play O’Shaunessey.

directed Theatre

26 What

the

Play

directed

4 Live

Variety

Mike Zimmerman picture show. _

a

for

Godot

by Peter of the Arts.

Butler by

will be playing

Saw Maurice

at the

24

friday,

the chevron

february

1, 1974

L

TERMPAPER~SEIWKE ( Reg'd1

T

H RI FTY

Station wagon Impala Malibu-Nova Vega Vans Mini Buses

,A RATE’ NOT A DISCOUNT

&Trucks

RENT-FADCAR-

Ask about Weekend

the Thrifty “100” special l Daily l Weekly l Monthly l Holiday-and Vacation rates l insurance replacement Flat Rates Available

LOST WANTED , On campus friday, january 25 man’s Editor for an OPIRG newsletter.

Apply Stirling silver ID bracelet.

No name, by phone to 885-1211, ext 2376 or at anxious, sentimental value. Reward. * office E2-3321.

Contbct Jo. Hermeston M&C ext 3421.

Wanted: male or female to share large house with students.

Single room, PERSONAL pleasant atmosphere.

Call 578-0972.

Passport pits etc. taken on campus. ’

Phone Randy afternoon.

at

2331

Wednesday

23 year old male prisoner would like to write to Canadians. Richard Ashbaugh no.228541, Box 777, Monroe, Washington 98282.

Summer work. Qualified swimming instructor and life guard also assistant life guards needed for Atwood Community Swimming Pool. Please forward qualifications and wages desired to Ralph Bowman, R R no. 4, Atwood, Ontario.

Contact Holiday Ranch for skidoing and horse drawn sleigh-riding.

Call 664-2616. .\\

TYPING _ Will do typing (Lakeshore 3466.

Professional draftsman, low rate, will *do diagrams, chart or <graphics for thesis, reports or journals.

Lettering with Leroy and Letraset. Ro 884-7503.

Will do typing of, essays and thesis in my home. Please call Mrs McKee at 578-2243.

Looking for part-time work? Try Go Go dancing. No experience necessary. Call Laurie 579-8085.

FOR SALE Must sell: KLH model II FM-stereo portable music center- w&h Garrard turntable. $150 or best offer. Call 7449062. ld67 Mustang 2 door hardtop, 289.

Very good mechanical condition, good tires. Best offer. 662-2852 after 6pm.

Marsland PA335 PA amplifier, 35 watts RMS, three channels, used very little. _ Phone 884-8164.

Typing for students, 742-4689.

744-1093.

essays etc. Phone

HOUSING AVAILABLE May to September furnished townhouse with pool. 2 minutes from UW. ( 143 Columbia at Phillip) will rent individually ($46 month) or group ($186 month) 884-3741.

Townhouse to sublet may to september 506A Albert, beside Parkdale Plaza.

CompIeteJy furnished, 2 bedrooms, finished basement, outdoor pool, 15 minute walk to university.

Suitable for 4 or 5 persons. Rent $210.

884- 1663.

s

744-3355,

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DATE

MARCH

Ist,

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1974

Limited

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Hotel, extras

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space

available.

there will be a very important chevron staff _ meeting on monday at seven pm in the chevron office

matters for consideration include the s&lection of the editor ’ for the nextyear as well as some policy \ decisions

And thatb the tfith!

there will be a/ photo department -meeting on Wednesday at two pm

friday,

february

the chevron

1, 1974

A matter of knowing ~‘- yourself Wednesday, January 31 at 12:30 Phyllis Gotlieb spoke at an informal seminar for integrated studies. Gotlieb, a pub!ished poet, science fiction ‘writer from Toronto, author of Motherlode, spoke generally on a number of topics ranging from her writing technique, television, to violence and sadism, along with a short reading of some of her poetry and stories.

Her writings involve much organization and many different plots and subplots-a type of writing which takes much time and thought.

Although she has mastered this skill on paper, she is lacking in some of the other communication skills. Much of her talk was either superficial anecdotes or unclear comments which had obviously not been thought out previously.

It was not until she had her writing in front of her that she could give the impression of some one yho was capable- of writing science fictibn.

When she read she was able to forget others were present and concentrate on herself and the paper. \ Because of this perceptive difficulty, it

25

was hard to take much of what she said seriously.

She could not have been as naive and unorgaliized as she gave the asked impression to be. The questions were not answered effectively because of her inability to communicate.

The answers she did give were contradictory and not to the point. For_example, she said that she did not feel that it was right for a wiiter to let their emotions guide their work in any way. Yet she felt so emotionally for the characters i6 her books that it was hard for her to have them hurt or removed from the story while she was writing it. It is not wrong for an author to arbitrarily change the way a book is going, to suit their moods or emotions but they should, realize that it is their emotions along with their thought processes which allow them to write a book. To think that they could be totally objective (completely thought oriented without emotion) would be disillusioning themselves unless of course they, are not human.

Gotlieb should not be criticized too harshly for a communication problem common to many writers.

Although she did not offer any intellectual analysis, she was entertaining and that is the reason for many people’s interest in her-and her books.

-linda

lounsberry

Killing is: easy!

Finally, movie fans, a cop movie. with a message! Namelykilling isn’t as easy as it looks, you have to be ‘a damn good shot-or a policeman.

This quality is apparent in the super-cop Clint Eastwood (dirty Harry) currently starring in “Magnum Force”, which has been held over for several weeks at the Lyric Theatre.

The movie starts inauspiciously (and stays that way) with a mob scene at the trial of a nasty gangland type who has

Sunday night the Barry Wills Quintet gave a free concert in the Theatre of the Arts.

been acquitted of the murder of a labour leader. The average citizens?f this typical American metropolis are incensed to the point of demanding blood.

Whatever happened to the apathetic &asses?

From here things progress rapidly downhill.

The aforementioned criminal and his three buddies are promptly pulled over by a traffic cop, ostensibly for speeding, and get their brains shot out.

This is only the beginning.

A group of people are gunned to death in a swimming pool, a pimp kills his prostitute by pouring a can of Drano down her throat; he is later executed by a traffic cop at close range; and so on, ad nauseum.

Lest all this get a little too depressing, Clint Eastwood is there to add a touch of lightness.

He looks at the carload of massacred criminals, grins and nonchalantly continues to munch his sandwich while his negro partner almost turns pale with horror. The idea is that, because he is tough as nails, he is the result of over-conditioning to murder and violence.

To condition audiences in the same way, is presumably the aim of the countless ‘cops & robbers’ ‘and spy flicks which predominate movie and television screens currently.

Eastwood is the perfect hero for this type of mindless gunge. He has dimples, sex appeal and no acting ability. Of course when he is given lines like “Some nights I wake up and wonder where the hell the world is goii;g to” and “I hate the system too but until someone invents a better one I’ll stick with it”, what can you expect?

Several minutes are devoted to Harry hitting t&e sack with the sexy little oriental chick who lives downstairs.

This proves that he is not all heartless cop and also has no prejudices.

Further pithy social comments consist of such lines as “A hood can kill a cop but can a cop kill a hood?” and “Where is it all going to end ?” Where indeed?

The killers turn out to be four rookie cops who have formed a vigilante committee to kill off the underworld.

Their leader, and this is the only surprise in an otherwis’e predictable movie, is a police captain, played with some ability by Hal Holbrook.

Eastwood, of course, finishes them all off in the inevitable high speed chase and various &her death-defying scenes. . So the good guy wins, because he has more experience in killing and is a better shot than the bad guys. Final body count: somewhere in the neighbourhood of thirty cqrpses.

Conclusion: God bless America, cops and the 44 Magnum.

-julie

frittaion

Mime ,

Between the Stratford Shakespearean festival and the Shaw festival, Kitchener Waterloo has had its first taste of contemporary Czechoslovakian folklore.

The black light illusions of Monday opened an. interesting facet of theatrical presentation. The traditional headshop and dope smoking environments of the black light met a very real and precise usage of electrical technology to fit the, show.

The earlier experiments of the director (Jiri Srnec) with puppets in black boxes displayed a theme of people improvising a technological environment.

Mixing the Czech landscape simplicity with the city lights, the stage was a clear spring night and a main street.

The stage was illuminated with two black lights and a single spot light accentuating the players.

The show was divided into two one hour sets, the first a series of “curtainraisers” and the second the major production of “Diluvium”.

The first was a story of a clown, carrying paper packets of letters.

Displaying them to the passers-by he opens the packets and the letters drift randomly about the stage. Rolling O’s and half Moon C’s created a Saturday afternoon sand box mood. Like children the fbscination of the magic was true. The letters formed the words mamma and pappa and the cries to the words were precise with the soundtrack.

“The Violinist”, suited the prerecorded soundtrack best and proved to be the best of the first set. The madcap violinist on the flourescent barrel was taunted by a dancing music stand and a handkerchief that refused to fit beneath his chin.

The remaining fused illusion and sound into a mutually harmonious pair. Chair parts dancing about the stage to electronic orchestration showed the precision of the stage technicians.

Props were simple with ice cream parlour chairs with 15 foot dolls.

After the intermission, many Czech voices amidst the crowd could be heard.

Diluvium had a cast of huge headed cave men and was the only act to show any violence. The fight over a doll in the shape of a woman came to club wielding fights which sounded contorted and muted. This act, symbolic of the identity, was confusing although well performed both’ visually and audibly. The one point made yery clear in the act was the separation of play and work, pointitig out to us all the undercurrents of our existence. .

-joe Sheridan

\

26

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1, 1974

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The Board of Students Grievances was ’ created to meet the needs of the student body in any area and --any problem.

The board would like to think that it met this obligation last term.

Again we will be available in this capacity and may be reached by coming to room 224 in the federation offices, .- phoning extension 2357, or leaving a message at the federation offices desk where you can be reached.

We are students who try to give you a place to voice your beef and perhaps who wishes to resolve it. Anyone volunteer their time to this end are welco’me and may do so by asking for randy in the federation offices or by leaving a message. Problems are smaller when you don’t stand alone.

-3un by students for students -providing free non-professional legal advice -no legal background required -presently operating CC 106 Mon. & Thurs. 7-10 pm phone 885-0840

8PM. CC135

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,

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1

FLEMISH

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- Drama Directed

by Mark Kelman Humanities Theatre Free Admission THURS. FEB. 7 8 p.m.

ANNA RUSSELL - “Woman

$2.00 members, $3.00 non-members

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t raordi nai re” Humanities

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Groups wi.ll meet Wednesday evenings from 8 to i0 p.m; starting Feb. 6 for 9 weeks. The group leaders are Jan Goeller-nutritionist ; Dick Knightcounsellor. For further information call counselling services ext. 2655.

MEETING SUN. FEB. IOth

No. 1 - 1 - 8 x 10 Mounted 3 - 5 x 7 Mounted

'

by Samuel Beckett Directed

by Peter O’Shaughnessy Humanities Theatre Admission $1.25, students 75 cents Ce’ntral Box Office ext., 2126

WPY cows in India By S.R. Rao New Scientist of the Third World Most regions possess certain traditional occupations which have come into existence largely on account of natural factors such as people’s hereditary skill, living habits, availability of resources and demand for the products.

However, these are in a disorganised state and suffer from stagnation.

This is perhaps the major cause of low living standards.

A direct attack on poverty and stagnation can be made by bringing modern technology to traditional occupations thus helping to raise their productivity and at the same time adding to the number of occupations by introducing diversified activities of practical value and closely related to the traditional jobs. Since people’s traditional occupations form the starting point for development, their involvement and participation in the development process would come in a / natural way.

Such a plan can be seen in practice in the development of a cooperative dairy industry in India which, over the past 25 years, has been of tremendous benefit to the people of the region involved.

Popularly known ‘as -AMUL, the undertaking began as a cooperative union established primarily to provide proper marketing facilities for the milk producers of a district named Kaira in the state of Gujarat3 266 miles north of Bombay in western India. Right from the beginning it has been a cooperative effort ensuring the actual participation by its members, the traditional milk producers of the district.

The situation in Kaira district was little different from the. rest of the country.

But enterprising leadership combined with technical skill has brought about a vast change.

The cooperative movement started with two village cooperative societies which collected milk from the members, and pasteurised it. The pasteurised milk was mostly sold to Bombay city.

The movement, however, caught ,on rapidly.

In the past 25 years practically the whole district of nearly 200,000 families have come into the cooperative fold.

There are more than 700 village cooperatives spread over an area of 2500 square miles.

Once the milk pasteurisation was well established and able to meet the demands of the local population, part of the city of Bombay, and some other neighbouring towns, the next step was to start making milk products.

Within a few years of its inception the cooperative union found that the expansion in this direction was a virtual necessity to’get an adequate return for the surplus milk.

The surplus is high, particularly in winter when the buffaloes yield an average of 2% times their summer yield.

In 1955 a factory was built to make butter and milk powder.

This development provided a further fillip to milk producers of the district, so that the union was able to organise many more village cooperatives and handle more and more milk each year. The milk products factory was expanded in 1958 to turn out sweetened condensed milk.

Two years later roller-dried baby food and cheese were added to the list. The .( baby food is specially manufactured to overcome the diet deficiency in Indian children according to a formula developed by scientists of the Central Food Technological Research Institute of India. It is also worth noting that the large-scale processing of cheese from buffalo milk at AMUL was perhaps the first achievement of its kind anywhere in the world. The process involves salting the cheese half way through the manufacturing process and using higher ripening temperatures.

The result is a modified cheddar: which is well received on the market.

Other products now manufactured are ghee and a’ high protein cereal food for children.

All these developments are reflected in the steady increase in the annual turnover of the union. The latest statistics available show that the quantity of milk form 215,000 collected annually members enrolled in 766 societies amounts to over 120 million kilogrammes .

The dynamism of the cooperative is

further reflected in its initiative and enterprise to improve the quality of the local cattle with a view to raising the milk yield. Artificial insemination has been successfully introduced through the village societies.

(Fresh stock of semen preserved in ice is transported by milk trucks).

The dry period of buffaloes has been shortened by increasing the frequency of* calving.

Parallel to the programme of improving stock, the union also initiated an animal health and hygiene programme.

This is done through a system of mobile dispensaries and trained veterinary staff. The districtfarmers now,. actively seek out veterinary service, and follow scientific advice regarding the care of the cattleand even regarding the disposal of useless and uneconomical cattle.

To provide a cheap and yet nutritious cattle feed the union has set up a plant which manufactures a balanced feed prepared by mixing oil-seed by-products, such as ground-nut cake or cottonseed cake with damaged cereals and cereal byproducts, such as rice bran , wheat bran and by-products of pulses and mineral supplements.

This has proved to be a highly nutritious and balanced feed concentrate, though considerably cheaper than conventional feed. The cooperative union has also successfully launched a programme of green fodder cultivation.

Starting with the distribution> of lucerne seeds procured from outside, the district has now become self sufficient both in the seed requirements as well as in the ‘proteinrich green fodder grown from it.

As the project depends on theeparticipation of the whole community, its development along scientific lines cannot but have far reaching influence not only on the living standards but also on the attitudes of the people. The village cooperative society, besides being responsible for milk collection, looks after a wide range of socioeducational programmes.

Out of the profits earned, each society allocates a certain port ion for community development work.

They have, for in-

stance, created water supply systems I and handed them over to the local administration.

To educate the villagers in scientific methods and recent technological improvements the cooperative‘ union publishes a monthly news letter in the regional language (Gujarati) and distributes over 100,000 copies.

A trained officer is appointed to give instructions to rural women in dairy techniques and to arrange trips to the dairy and other plants owned by their union.

Another outcome of far-reaching ’ significance has been the steady breakdown of caste and other social barriers which are a traditional feature of most Indian villages.

The women line up together to deliver milk regardless of caste while the men work on boards and committees together.

The phenomenal progress of the cooperative union has obviously caught the attention of neighbouring areas.

They have sought its technical advice for . similar dairy development projects.

The technical consultancy and supervision service of the cooperative union has helped to set up a large dairy in Ahmedabad (an industrial city of Gujarat State) and two more dairies for cooperative enterprises of the surrounding districts.

Several other projects in various parts of the state are planned, notably a factory to make weaning food, chocolate and malted food products.

Weaning food is based on soya-beans: it also contains other cereals.

This will be of help in overcoming the growing incidence of protein malnutrition.

Another i is a plant producing polished rice (still favoured by the customer) and packaging it. The rice bran will be used in making cattle feed.

All these projects are being developed right in the heart of the rural areas.

Their impact on the social and economic standards of the rural people can be easily gauged.

In fact it has been the greatest achievement of the whole project in that it is essentially a rural development cooperative, which has successfully used production, marketing and advertising techniques to make dairy farming into a huge profit-making industry.

In the process it has brought immense benefits to the consumer.

For the first time, quality dairy products are available in India at reasonable prices. It has also provided ‘the nucleus for a growing and vigorous dairy products industry in the country.

In the long run this should pave the way for the better utilisation and care of the vast cattle *population of the country.

The cooperative enterprise is firmly established.

In the words of one of its own officials, when technical skill is added to organisation in a dedicated combination there is nothing it cannot achieve. It is a model to the development of the Third World.

-

28

the

friday,

chevron

Quiet tete-a-tete

Friday

February

1

Armstrong 1: 30 Music-Bruce 4:3O Ford Hall Forum-Carl Bernstein and Robert WoodWashington Post -ward, reporters investigating speak on Watergate National ‘Watergate: a Catharsis’ 6: 30 Music-John Robertson 8 :OO Hockey-Waterloo vs Ottawa. Live play by play from Waterloo Arena by Gary Fick and Brian Roblin 10: 45 Rest of the News ,ll :00 Music-Ian Layf ield Saturday

February

1: 30 Music-Doug

4: 30 Landscape and Life, Part Two 5 :00 Drugs and Society, Part Two 6:00 World Report: The Arab Oil Weapon 6 : 15 Illusions 6 : 30 Music-Ivan Zendel 9 :3O Thinking Out Loud 9 :45 Vietnam’s Greatest Hits lo:45 Rest of the News 11: 00 Music-Baruch Zone

Headless , m&m has conversat

l&g

2

McGann

1, 1974

february

Wednesday

February

6

4 :3O Drugs and Society, Part One 5 :30 William Kunstler-defence lawyer for the Chicago Seven recorded ‘in Sept. 1972 6: 30 Quebec Love 8: 00 The Bod and the Bard 10:00 Aldous Huxley, Part One: Heredity and the Man 11: 00 Music-Bill Wharie

1: 30 Music-Dean Purves Soviet Press Review 4 :45 Belgian Press Review 5:OO Aldous Huxley, Part Two: Vision 6 : 00 Counter Culture 6: 30 Music-Gerry Forwell Album Review . , 9:39. TBA .

1l:OO Music-Al Anderson

Sunday

Thursday

February

4: 30

3

1: 30 Music-Jack W-alton 4 : 30 Portuguese Music 6:30 Music-Paul Demenok and Chris Lowe ’ 9: 30 Women in the Work Force (First’in a series of live weekly discussions with a telephone question and answer period.)

11: 00 Music-Greg Bewsh

I

Monday

February

4

1: 15 Varsity Sports Report I 1: 30 Music-Brian Chadwick 4: 30 Ford Hall Forum 6:30 Funky Soul with John Williams 9: 30 Varsity Sports Report

10: 00 Music and Musicians Radio Moscow 11: 00 Music-John Dale Tuesday

February

1: 30 Music-Lorne

5

Goldblum

from

February

7

1: 30 Music-John Sharpe 4:30 World Report 4:45 TBA 6:15 Rest of the News 6~30 Music-Ted Szepielewicz 9:30 Bob Dylan Special, Part Two 10: 30 Belgian Press Review 10: 45 Soviet Press Review 11: 00 Music-Brian O’Neil

friday,

february

,I,

1974

the chevron

29

-f‘teedbachL

Letters to feedback should be addressed to ‘Editor, Chevron, Campus Centre, Un/versity of Waterloo, Oniario. Please type on 32- or 64-character lines and doublespace.

Untyped letters cannot be guaranteed to run? Pseudonyms will be run if we are ako provided with the real name of the writer.

Q

.

-

It’s not over yet

On Tuesday January 29, the government will appeal to th? Supreme Court of Canada, the not-guilty verdict handed down in late 1973 to Dr. Henry Morgentaler on the first count of performing illegal aborti0r.s.

Morgentaler .had been operating a medically safe abortion clinic in Montreal.

This appeal in itself is a further example of the all out attempt by the government to persecute one individual in order to deny all women their right to choose when and if to bear a child.

Morgentaler’s case has evoked world wide protest.

In Britain, the Women’s Abortion and Contraception Campaign held a protest rally in front of Canada House in London.

In the United States, groups sending telegrams of protest to Canadian consulates and embassy included the National Organizakion of Women, The Natiorial Association for Repeal of Abortion Laws and the Women’s National Abortion Action Coalition.

The International Humanist Association has undertaken an international defense campaign for Morgentaler.

They are circulating a statement addressed to Prime Minister Trudeau’, demanding that all criminal proceedings against Dr. Morgentaler be dismissed.

An appeal is being circulated in New Zealand by the Women’s’ National Abortion Action Campaign demanding that the Canadian government drop the charges against Morgentaler.

A statement endorsed by more than 50 prominent New Zealanders was presented to the Canadian High Commissioner in Wellington.

Endorsers included women’s liberation activists, student leaders, an official of the New Zealand Medical Association,., two city councillors, and the Socialist Action League.

Right across Canada too, there are Committees for the Defense of Dr. Morgentaler . The purpose of these committees has been to press for dropping all the charges against Morgentaler . On Saturday, in many centres demonstrations were held to protest the Jan 29 hearing.

We, in the Kitchener-Waterloo Committee join with those who demonstrated on Saturday to voice our outrage at this harassment of Morgentaler.

It is not our intention to martyrize this man, but rather we see his case as a concrete example of th’e attempts of the present government to intimidate members of the medical profession and women who are seeking abortions.

The court proceedings against Morgentaler starting last September have shown the extent to which the prosecution is willing to go. Severe restrictions were imposed against Morgentalerhe was not allowed to leave Montreal or to speak to the media about his case. The case was moved on ti preferred indictment, that is there were none of the preliminary procedures of presenting evidence before the actual court proceedings.

And yet when the evidence was heard, the jury found Morgentaler not guilty.

And now the government is taking the case to the Supreme Court.

It is clear that th; only way the government is going to drop the charges against Morgentaler and thus bring us closer to repeal of the abortion laws is by

making our voices heard in his support.

On March 8, International Women’s Day, defense committees across Canada will be holding a Tribunal in Ottawa.

This Tribunal will have two purposes.

First, it will present our case, the case of many across Canada who want to see the charges against Morgentaler dropped and to allow women their right to choose.

Secondly, we are planning to make this action a visual demoristration of the support for these aims by bringing in women and men from all across Canada.

K-W will be sending as large a contingent as possible.

Those who are interested in going to Ottawa on March 8, or to join the local defense committee please call 6622820 or write Box 664, Waterloo.

The local defense committee meets every Wednesday at 7:30pm at the Women’s Place, 25 DuPont St ., Waterloo. , Wende Baker

Some - fpnny thing As a concerned Christian, ‘I would like to respond to the article “Come AgGn?” in the January 11 issue of the chevron in which you talked about the return of Christ. I believe that freedom of the press ,and of the chevron is important but this article has violated the beliefs of the many Christians here and violated the Christian faith. I will agree with you that the return of Christ is an important issue and I’m glad that you picked it as your topic. The return of Christ has been an important issue for all believers in Christ to look forward to. This is what has inspired Christians throughout historythe fact that our Lord will return again in glory and splendour to take up all those who believe on Him. It is a very sacred and yet beautiful part of the Christian faith. What you have done in your article is to tkeat the Second Coming as an entertainment show where everybody is supposed to buy their ‘certificate’ from the chevron commemorating the Second Coming.

I would like to have you realize that Christ’s Second Coming is not an entertainment nor can you buy an Official “Chevron Certificate” for it. By your implications, you treat Christ’s Second Coming as some funny thing that people talk about and make fun of. It may not be any more than a harmless joke and funny to you for whom it has no significance, but for the people for whom Jesus Christ and His Second Coming has great and meaningful significance, it is not funny at all.

With all the students reading the chevron, I think the chevron should realize that they can not expect to toss around and make fun of the Christian faith and assume that there are not any Christians around or that they do not have the guts to stand. yp for their faith.

We will defend our Lord’ whenever we come up with articles like this one, God help us.

Lawrence Boschman I ’

You’re ’ right

Working as secretaries in the: Computing Centre, we were insulted to read ~Mr. P. Gurd’s smug qne-line summarization of the secretaries in this department.

He is entitled to analyzh and criticize the Computing Centre’s facilities, but to ridicule the appearance of the staff prompts us to write this short summation of our feelings dn certain specifics within the article.

To equate our peers in the perspective used in the article, i.e. (a major showcase and apparently former models) seems to deny the existence of our intelligence; it obviously implies that we were hired not for our skills, but simply to decorate the building.

Although we may accept the validity of Mr. Gurd’s article, ‘the appearance of this one statement was totally irrelevant to its contents.

We feel criticismdirected in this -manner is without justification, and only’ typifies a male-oriented society.

Andrea Dietrich Virginia Shapiro

No more,

no less Dear Ivan Zendel Upon reading your article on Bob Dylan last week in the chevron, I was simply overwhelmed with distaste for every critic writing on Dylan’s recent tour. I realize your jdb of reporting on the Dylan concert was severely limited due to an obvious preoccupation with subway stations.

Articles appearing in newspapers from Chicago, Toronto, Montreal, as well as magazines such as Newsweek, Time, etc., all -gave Dylan decent reviews, but somehow were convinced Dylan was making some sort of a re-hash effort dr mere comeback.

I , felt these reviews,

including yours, were very sad in their estimations of a legend. .

In 1963 they begged Dylan to not change from protest songs to love songs.

In 1965 at the Newport Festival they booed him and said his new rock style was a disaster.

In 1968 they said his country style was the end. In 1974,. they say Dylan’s new music is uninteresting and I quote you “not as good as his past hits.”

You even had the gall to use the term “unexciting musicianship”.

Bob Dylan once said “It’s all music, no more, no less. I know in my own mind what I’m doing.

If anyone has tiagination, he’ll-know what I’m doing. If they can’t understand my songs, they’re missing something.

If they can’t understand green clocks, wet chairs, purple lamps, or hostile statues, they’re missing something too.. .”

Bob Dylan is simply Bob Dylan. Only his music and time, and no critics will speak for all he has done. As for your remark on Dylan’s quiet behaviour and brilliant statements such as “I wish he would have said something”, all I can feel is sympathy for you and your critical comrades Ivan, because Dylan was speaking, for a full two and a half hours, you just weren’t listening!

Robbie Scholefield

Hey 9 you! (

.

A group of sociology students at Wilfrid Laurier University under the direction of Professor J. Clarke is conducting a study on people living together who a‘re unmarried.

We are writing this article in the hope of contacting couples who are living together unmarried.

The idea of living together unmarried is not a recent one. For many centuries people have been living together without legal sanction.

It has generally been held that couples who are living together are students.

However, in the past 20 years, society’s vglues have changed and people who now live together come from every conceivable socioeconomic background and live in many different life situations.

The study of the family is a relatively new field. Living together unmarried is just one of the many topics that has created a great interest.

In 1967, Professor Clarke conducted a study on married unmarrieds in the Toronto area. Still interested in this aspect of family sociology, Professor Clarke and a group of Sociology students are doing a follow-up study. Hopefully, we can compare the reasons and result’s of these studies to see if there has been any change.

In October, a pilot study was conducted. It was difficult to find people who i would cooperate.

Some felt it an intrusion of privacy or that there were ulterior motives behind our sincere interest.

Many hesitated because of possible conflict with landlords who are under the impression that their tenants are married.

The fears were unfounded because all information is completely confidential.

Only the students involved in the study have access to this information.

Now, after a few modifications, sociology students are in the process of interviewing.

Can you help ? Are you living with someone? Or could you inform couples who are living in this arrangement?

We would I appreciate some help -in finding ‘couples who would cooperate.

If you can help, please contact one of us after the hour of 5:OOpm. Mike at 884-7704 Patty at 571-1213 Linda at 742-4128

30

the

chevron

friday,

’

And now for /_ the National.. .

In the following article former chevron ’ editor George Kaufman examines the media?the people that bring the world into our living rooms and tell us what we see. After surviving a very strong attack by some former prominent politicians the media is presently revelling in its new-found importance.

They seem to be winning the war, with the majority of their loudest enemies silenced-at least for the time being.

The dramatic downfall of Spiro Agnew seems to have, for the present, considerably stilled the attack on the press in North America, since Agnew had been placed in the highly visible forefront of a concerted campaign to discredit the press. No matter that he was little more than a willingly-used symbol of the attack rather than one of the powerful and highly-placed originators and planners of the war against the “liberal” American press ; he had been made the outspoken puppet-voice in the battlefront; and when the strings of that particular puppet were cut -in large part by the joyful blades of the very press members he had attacked-the group behind him was forced to quietly withdraw and count the- losses (and the losses, these days, are great).

When and how they will again take up the battle in earnesta battle which came into the open in the middle 60’s with the first unfavourable reports from Vietnam and pro-civil rights copy and reached its height with the Pentagon Papers and Watergateis anyone’s guess.

It may very well depend on Nixon’s ability to keep the press at bay each revealing expose of through Watergate, and that is impossible to predict.

The press is jauntily on the offensive, ’ flushed with the sight of all the bodies of its old enemies strewn on the legal and political (and public opinion) battlefields of Watergate and Pentagon Papers.

Newspapers and television networks have spared no degree of humility in publicly congratulating themselves on their profound vindication of the importance of the role of the free, dynamic and unobstructed press.

Just before the Watergate fiasco, the battle had been rated about even, but the press was clearly on the rope? in court battles in which reporters were being ordered to reveal the sources of news leaks and the leaking of “classified” government documents.

More importantly, Agnew had struck an alarmingly responsive chord in his forays into the great fed-up Heartland; the Silent Majority was fed up: with the press harping on Vietnam? (Nixon had “gotten the U.S. out”), with civil rights stories (“they” had been given their chance and had only rioted), with the constant sniping at Nixon and Agnew, with “leftist” tendencies in the press,etc.

(This last belief- in the leftist or liberal leanings of the pressas anyone with knowledgelof the working press in North America knows too well-is one of the most unfounded myths of our society. At best, a minority of the press is occasionally reformist; the daily press and network news agencies, as I will discuss later, are quite institutionalized proponents of the status quo. Nevertheless, it was and is an easy myth to believe in, both for those who are angered by it and those who choose to take consolation in it.)

So, the victories of Watergate and associated scandals was a godsend to the beleagured members of the press, faced with tighter government controls and large-scale loss of support and credibility

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among the people. Now they can say to their readers and listeners: See, we were right all along- we were the good guys,’ looking out for your interests; you need us to protect you from “them”.

“Them,” of course, now being those nasty guys in government, which ‘may be the only institution trusted less than the press or the church. .’ The press had good reason to be relieved: they were ‘facing a comprehensive review of the very nature of the modern press. Who owns it? Who regulates it? To whom is it responsible?

What are its objectives? c These are valid and often embarassing questions.

And they are questions the selectively-inquisitive press itself. ’ has been reluctant to publicly explore; their own seems to be the only institution in ,,society which should be exempt from full disclosure and probing.

Only in the past few years have honest and credible examinations of the press come to the attention of the public, and these mostly by fed-up members of the press or self-motivated members of the “new journalism.”

“Doctor” Hunter Thompson’s Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail deals as much with his fellow-pressmen as with the 1972 Presidential campaign; Timothy Crause’ The Boys on the Bus is an unabashed revelation of the nod-andwink fraternity of upper echelon reporters and their mostly willing manipulation by political people; Edward Jay Epstein’s News From Nowhere clinically exposes the raw commercial reality behind network news; amd Larry Zolf’s Dance of the Dialectic, lands more solid blows to the soft underbelly of the Ottawa press corps than to the politicians’ glass jaws.

These publications are a good start, but the press itself is too likely to shrug these examinations off in the after-glow of the Watergate successes; it cannot afford to do so. The question of objectivity (really a question of guaranteed fairness rather than a rhetorical debate on whether or not reality can be faithfully recorded), of who owns the press and why, and what kind of people become members of the press-and why-are important questions and ones which will come back to haunt the press long after the Watergate bill has been paid in full if the press does not quickly and in good faith open itself to the public scutiny and take a good hard look at the questions itself.

The preliminary answers we have gotten so far are not good.

Of the books mentioned above, only Epstein’s is a cold, factual examination of these questions, as opposed to “personal journalism”.

In News From Nowhere, Epstein uses a sociological approach to look at the inner workings of U.S. network news; his results-facts, not opinions - are often disturbing, even to already cynical persons familiar with the inner workingsof the media, and should end forever the belief in media “objectivity.”

Objectivity is still one of the sacred cows of journalism, solemnly taught in journalism schools and pretentiously touted to the public. The proponents of the press, straight-faced, use the tired old cliches like “mirror of -reality”; indeed, many newspapers are openly named “The Mirror.”

It is a joke to working reporters and lower echelon editors, of course, but publishers and high-ranking managing editors continually feed this line to the public and to the government whenever restrictive legislation threatens.

As Epstein relates: “Leonard H. Goldenson, president of ABC, thus testified before the National Commission on Violence that complaints

of news distortion were due entirely to the fact that :Americans are reluctant to face the images reflected-by the mirror we ‘have held up to society.’

Robert Kasmire, a vice-president of NBC, also told thbcommission, ‘There is no doubt that television is, to a large degree, ‘a mirror of society.

It is also a mirror of public attitudes and preferences.’

Reuven _Frank further advanced this notion in an article entitled ‘The Ugly asserting that ‘ individuals Mirror’, working in television .organizations do not m’ake the decisive difference; the fact that television is there makes the difference .’ The ‘mirror’, Frank concluded, is being blamed for the ugly events it reflects.. .The president of CBS, Julian Goodman, putting it in more fashionable terms, told the commission, ‘In short, the medium is being blamed for the message .’ ” Each recites the litany, and to the extent they want people to believe it, the mirror cliche is true. But that is not the end to the question, it is merely the first and easiest of many questions.

Someone holds the mirror; television news is a mirror in the same way a history book is a mirror of the society it purports to record: who held the mirror? on which segment of society? why? what were his credentials and background? his ulterior motives?

Television apologists also like to point out that, unlike books and newspapers, their medium is unable to slant the news because of the immediacy of electronic coverage-the cameras pick up the incident and relay it instantly to the viewer sitting in his home. (In fact, Epstein chronicles in his book, most TV news stories are further out of date than newspaper stories .)

Epstein, having spent months working with and closely examining the structures and personnel of the three U.S. news agencies, puts what should be the fatal stroke to the mirror analogies.

“The notion of. a ‘mirror of society’ implies that whatever happens of significance will be reflected on network news. Network news, however, far from being omniscent, is a very limited newsgathering operation which depends on a handful of camera crews based in a few major cities for most of its filmed news.

At NBC, for instance, whi advertises itself as the largest news o>P anization in the world,,with ‘news bureaus that now ring the world’, 90 percent or more of the national news shown on its evening news report actually was produced by 10 film crews based in five cities in the &month period which was examined.”

As you can see, Epstein painstakingly recorded extensive logs an,d charts during his stay at each network.

The ‘mirror’ records, not so much what happens in society, but the results of predecisions about where camera crews and correspondents will be assigned.

That can be openly arbitrary.

NBC’s -Reuven Frank acknowledged that “in terms of injuries and lives lost, the Miami incidents (1968 Republican convention) were more serious than the Chicago incidents.”

But NBC did not cover the disturbances at Miami “because the Miami - demonstrations took place far from the widely-known locations of our cameras and we had no reason associated with covering the convention activities for putting cameras there .” So much for the mirror.

Epstein’s other examples of the arbitrary mirror are numerous, if anyone still needs more. Upper-level decisions are constantly being made about what the networks will be covering.

When a decision was made in 1969 to play up the Paris peace talks rather than the situations in Vietnam itself, that’s what the viewers at home saw. Correspondents sending in combat footage eventually stopped altogether. _ The reports from Vietnam began to be about U.S. troop withdrawal rather than the massive fighting still going on or the large-scale influx of U.S. war goods-the effect to those watching the news was that a “wind-down” and a steady move toward peace was taking place.

The list of such occurences goes on V ,

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and on. It does not matter even if, as Agnew charged, most newsmen are. “liberals” and “leftists” (though they are not); they are little more than highly paid glamour boys who know where their money is coming from and where the emphasis is wanted.

There is rarely an open order to cover one aspect of an event rather than another; instead, the correspondents are highly sensitive to how much of their filed material is aired, and they are quick to sense when they are reporting the wrong things and another reporter is on the right track. *Although Epstein offers a fairly exhaustive background evaluation of the correspondents (upwardly-mobile, nonIvy League, small-town midwest upbringing; non-political and really pretty badly informed on the broad scale of current events and politics), he discounts this as having any heavy influence on the news.

The networks have a staggeringly comprehensive screening system which would never allow the sort of person Agnew envisioned into the organ ization.

While weight is given to such positive attributes as the correspondent’s on-air appearance, elocution, reportorial ability and general image, applicants are peremptorily rejected if they are-or , have been-even vaguely committed to any political group or cause.

Epstein relates how a network vicepresident showed him a file of letters discussing potential black correspon‘dents. “He pointed out that all of them had been passed over, despite their favourable image, because in one way or another, all had been involved in a cause.

‘I don’t object to their values; in fact, I agree with them’, he said. ‘But we can’t afford the headaches.’ ” The headaches refer to the Fairness Doctrine, complaints from affiliates (upon which the networks rely for air time- hence advertising revenues, hence their existence), congressional critics and internal disputes with producers and other correspondents.

“It is‘,simply not in our enlightened self-interest ,” another senior executive put it, “to employ reporters with too firmly fixed ideas on how the world ought to be.”

The networks’ relation to their affiliates is also an intriguing case. The networks do not, as many people think, own or control the affiliates; rather, they are dependent upon the local stations for their existence.

The networks are balancing on the edge of anti-trust laws in the States; no network can own more than five stations.

These stations, for commercial reasons, are held in the five major regional cities from which the great majority of “national” news originates - New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Atlanta and Washington, D.C. A local station is free to choose which network, if any, it wishes to be affiliated with. Joining a network means giving up prime-time for which the station can charge high advertising rates. This is done, naturally quite reluctantly, and stations carry network news only because of licensing pressure from the FCC to “serve the public interest”.

Originally, network news was only 15 minutes; grudgingly this was expanded to 30 minutes.

Hence, a network must tread that uneasy balance of what might displease an affiliate and lose it to the network.

It is a working fact that audiences do not switch to a favourite newscast in the vast majority of cases; the audience is a “spillover” from previous shows, and the news’ only real (commercial) value is to keep that audience until the next entertainment show comes on afterwards . Hence, nothing upsetting, radical or alienating; hence, the “winding-down” of the Vietnam war, etc. etc.

Network news documentaries, touted as one of the finest rationales for the value of television as a public servant, are also quite a sham. Since they also cut into prime time ad revenues (and are disruptive to the audience flow), topics are carefully culled and generally cleared with sponsors.

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In case the import of these examples is still not clear, Epstein is documenting the fact that many of the charges levelled at the networks

by Agnew and friends are true, but for different reasons; It is not because of the “leftist” tendencies of the people behind the news, but because of the commercial structure of the networks, which must pay lip service to “objectivity” and the mirror analogy.

This is not to completely condemn network news or other media which cling to the mirror ridiculousness.

It would be blind of us to dismiss the lessons of ’ Watergate, et al; those vindications of a free press are real enough.

But certainly the media at this point can defend itself on its real strengths rather than fall back on widely-held misconceptions and hide behind the easy mysticism of its own inner workings. j Epstein does not really address the ultimate questions of the media,. but then they are not realistically within the bounds of his study, which is quite broad enough considering the lack of serious enquiries into modern media. Epstein, at the end of his book;’ lists four critical demands “which stricture the form and scope of network news”: (1) The budgetary requisite set by the economic logic of network television.

The “prevailing assumption” among network executives, he discovered, is that the news programs themselves do not pull in audiences; rather, they are merely a more or less passive part of the Thus, increasing the “audience flow”. news budget of the network beyond a certain point is unproductive, while spending money on entertainment programs is likely to increase the _ audience, and so ad revenue. Whether or. not this deeply cynical view of the TV audience is justified, it is the view which colours all network budget decisions. i nstead of spending money on int ,elligence-gathering or original research,

the network news agencies generally rely on the news wire services, New York Times and other outside sources. It was no accident, that all the recent dramatic scoops have come from the print medium.

People who have knowingly been predicting the demise of the print medium for the past decade are simply unfamiliar with the false-storefront realities of the electronic news medium.

(2) The need to maintain the “audience flow .” While news programs are not seen as attracting viewers, they can lose them, and interrupt the “base audience” for the prime-time (expensive) programming to follow. Thus, a great emphasis is placed on the visual attractiveness, of the news presentation.

Viewers must be shown action rather than information; easily recognizable stereotypes rather than individual situations.

This has become institutionalized into an easy repertory of stereotypes - “ shabbily-dressed children stand symbolically for poverty; uniformed police stand for authority; fire...for destruction;” and so on. * Also, potential conflict scenes are considered more interesting to the audience than placid scenes. Situations are thus sought out in network news in which there is a high potential for action and violence, but a low pbtential for audience confusion.

Scenes which are quickly recognizable are perfect: blacks vs whites, police vs demonstrators, military vs. civilians, etc.

It is also a working assumption that members of the audience know virtually nothing about the background of any story, so the symbols have come to L replace the backgrounding.

(3) The requirement placed on the networks by the affiliates that the news be “national” in scope. The network news replaces half an hour of lucrative time, but the stations figure they have made a sort of deal with the devil; they\ lose money they could have by selling the advertising themselves, but they

need “public service” brownie points with the FCC in order to keep their licence, and national news counts heavily as being in “the public interest”.

Most stations accept the network news grudgingly, but they accept it. Only a’ few stations go to the expense of bother of producing national news themselves.

In turn, the networks turn what is mostly “local” news in various places into national stories. Thus, just as with the use of stereotypes, local happenings are used as symbols of some greater import i If a nuclear power plant is opened in Boston, for instance, stories are commissioned in, say, Chicago and Los Angeles, about nuclear power plants in’ those cities, and the story becomes “Where will America get its energy in the future?” rather than “A new power plant opened in Boston today”.

Instant “national” news. The great majority of “national” news stories happen this way.

(4) It must conform to outside standards of fairness in the presentation of controversial issues. Because of the networks’ reluctance to run afoul of the doctrine, there is rarely any attempt to expose the weakness or superiority of any one side of an issue. Rather, equally articulate spokesmen for each side are solicited, and their opinions edited into a bland, point-counterpoint debate. Thus, “fairness” means the fear of drawing conclusions and “objectivity” becomes merely the decision not to state an opinion. The ‘mirror will not reflect badly or well, but only safe in-betweens.

This leads into the area-discussed earlierof hiring reporters who either have no strong beliefs or opinions, or are manipulated into never expressing them.

The network (and government) policies of “fairness” limit severely, if not define, the style of journalism on network news.

In reality, even if network newsmen were willing and able to pursue a more vigorous form of journalism, the commercial structure of the networks is prohibitive.

(Reuven Frank was eventually fired from his netwoik position because he insisted on covering, live, senate hearings into Vietnam, preempting a days’ worth of ad revenue.

-Reports are limited to a few minutes’ duration because of advertising times and the self-imposed. limits beyond which executives feel, they would lose the audience because of lack of action and movemeut.

As Epstein put it: “Any substantial improvement in the level of network!journalism.. .would require a structural change in ‘television which would effectively reorder the economic and political incentives, rather than merely a change of personnel.”

(It: is obvious, from the similarities in the weaknesses of the state-subsidized CBC news and the American network news, that this change in incentives would have to go far beyond simple subsidy to remove advertising pressures .)

Both the conservative critique-an elite of liberal-left cliques running the networks - and the leftist critique-lack of radical journalists-rely heavily on the replacement of personnel, which c,annot change things without a radical change in the structure and financing of the networks first.

Epstein effectively writes off the possibilities of improving network news through any kind of foreseeable reform.

Rather, he sees strength in diversity of sources of information-TV, radio ) print.

“The point ,” he writes in conclusion, “is not to change news, but to understand its limitations.

Like map making, news cannot realistically hope to produce a model which perfectly represents all the contours and elevations of reality, but at least the basic distortions in any given mode of projection can be clarified.”

Clearly not ready to grapple with the profound questions and problems he has defined, Epstein has nevertheless served a large role in helping to expose and demystify a part of modern media which clings most tenaciously to its self-made and highly profitable ‘myths.

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every so often we newspaper- people and journalist (not necessarily a mutually inclusive set) must pause and give thanks to that group of dedicated young workers who make this bit of journalistic excellence possible, i speak of course of the typesetters; and so in an attempt to do for the typesetter what Wordsworth did for the village blacksmith we are proud to present two of the most recent literary works of our poetry editor There was-a typesetter named lzma Who told all the world, “Won’t you kizma “Ass-you will find % “What it lacks in design “It more than makes up in . charisma.” another young fellow named R. Bell Tested his strength with a bar-bell But the strain was so great And so mighty the weight That he went back to play with his marbell.

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we seriously considered revoking his poetic license after that last effort but instead we felt it would be better to leave him to the mercy of the critics. the usual gang of idiots this week were linda lounsberry, julie frittaion, j?e Sheridan, john keyes, paul mamelka, Preston gurd, Cecilia hogan, dudlsy Paul, reid glenn, shane roberts, terry moore, john morris, Chris bechtel, dri, stacey Spiegel, Susan johnson, bob hillier, paul riciatti, doris Wilson, grahame aitken, mark nusca, tudy d’allera, john gotzian, jack Walton, Chris hughes, damell coote, Chester buczek, eric robinson, bob sisler, liskris, kwas n fuzz, john buckberrough, mihail murgoci, paul sharpe, terry o’iaskey, mel rotman, rod hay, nick savage.

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