1975-76_v16,n17_Chevron by Editor Imprint

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Friday.

Conrad Grebel College 450th Anniversary Display. UW Art Gallery. Hours: Monday-Friday 9am-4pm. Sundays 2-5pm till October 3 l.st . -Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Northern Lights Band from g-lam. 74 cents after 6pm. - Federation Flick&-The Three Musketeers ’ with York/Dunaway/WeIch. 8pm AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds$l.50.

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I (\ .. .OCT. 9 -- ,NOV._2 CONRAd GREeEL COLLEGE SPECIAL: 450th ANNIVERSARY DkPLkV , Art Gallery, University of Waterlob ’ 9 &m,- 4 p.mi -Gallery Hours: Monday-Friday Sundays 2 - 5 p.m. !‘ Free Admission , For further information’ contact Marlene Bryan, .Art Gallery Administrator, ext. 2493.

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Heartaches after6pm’ Para-legal

7-1 Opm.

assistance offers- nonlegal _ advice. Call or come to CC 1.06” Hours:

Chess Club Meeting. ‘Everyone welcome. 7:30pm. Campus Centre 135. Imprisonment and Belease. A prog’ ram on the Law Reform Commission Working Paper no. 11. 7:30pm. Kitch.ener Public Library. Admission free. Sponsored by the John Howard Society of K-W and the Library

Professional

8850840

1-4:30p‘m.

Film-Asia: Two Thirds and Counting. 1:30 - 3:30 pm. Kitchener Public Library. Admission 75 cents. Co-sponsored by Global Community Centre and Federation of-students. Ontology Club‘ presents “Love made _ Introductoryle&ure on TranscendenVisible”. Sharing. 4:30pm Campus tal meditation. 8pm.#lC 3010, Sat&day ’\ . ; Centre 113. Campus Centre Pub closed. Gay Coffee House/8pm. Campus UnderCentre 110. Federation /FllcksTThe Three Mus- 4leetlng of the Philosophy graduate Association. Ali undergrads _ keteers with York%Dunaway/Welch. Yoga and Swim classes for anyone 8pm. AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds$1.50. , enrolled in at least one Phil course: interested (Students, Faculty, & Staff). Grads, and Profs are welcome. ReThe purpose of the course is to improve German Club presents a feature film in freshments. 7pm. HH 336. Further info breathing for people with ’ asthma, the German language. “Die Angst des Michael G ranat 743/(6829. chronic ’ bronchitis, emphysema, or Tormanns beim Eljsmeter”. Admission ,Outer’s Club general and executive other breathing problems. WLU pool. Free. 8-l Opm. EL 101. meeting and film night. Everyone welPre-register through Waterloo Regional / ¶B / * come. fpm BIO 167. Lung Association. Call579-1140. -Sunday Rehearsals for the UW Concert Choir Rehearsals for the UW Little Symphony Thursday for Symphony No. g-Choral, L.V. Orchestra. String players needed. For Campus Centre Pub .opens 12 noon. Beethoven, A Song of Joy. AL 113 furthe?information contact Alfred Kunz, Heartaches Razz Band from g-lam. $1 7-9pm. For further info contact Alfred ext. 2439. after 6pm. Kunz at ext. 2439. Dreamland. A short history of Canadian Para-legat assistance offers non’ film from1 -1900-l 939. Shows exerpts CUSO. Information meeting. All welL professional legal come. 8pm. EL 207. advice. Call from early films andhow the Canadian 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours film industry was overtaken by the Introductory lecture-on Transcenden1:30-4:30. Americaps. 7:30pm Physics 145. ,Spontal meditation. 8bm. . Psvch 2084. t sored by the Progressive Cultural Club. Waterloo Christian Fellowship. Phillip Agee, Ex-CIA Agent, author of ’ Everyone is welcome to come for an Fed ation Flicl&-The .Three Mus“Inside the Company” CIA Diary. 8pm. informal time of Bible study and fellowkd$eers with York/Dunaway/Welch. ’ Humanities Theatre. Admission Feds ship. 5:30pm CC 113. 8pm AL 116. Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50. $1.25 Others $2.00 Sponsored by the Board of Education, Federation of StuChamber Choir . (By audition only) Group Meditation for TM meditators: dents. ’ 7-9pm. AL 6. Contact Alfred Kunz at ext. 8pm ES-1 101. * 2439. ,b of W C&d Bowling League. .There I Christian Science Organization. ’ will be no bowling Thanksgiving . W&@Sday Everyone is invited to attend these reguweekend_but league play wilt resume Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. the following,Sunday. $ Heartaches Razz Band from 9-l am. $1 ,lar meetings for informal discussions. \ 7:30pm. Hum 1.74. . after 6pm. Monday Association _ of Greek Students / Music Concert -(Piano & Violin) with Campus Centre Pub closed. general meeting. Discussion on memHanna Brickman and Jeremy biSt8nt. brship 8pm cc 1 1o . . . Para-legal assiistance offers nonFree admission. 12:30pm Theatre of the professional legal advice. Call Arts. Bahafls on campus invite students.-,--fa885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours ’ culty and staff toan informal discussion UnlVerSity Chapel. Sponsored by the on Baha’u’ffah’s principle 7-1 Opm. “Religious . .. UW chaplains. 12:30pmSCH 21% and racial prejudice - and ’ superstition Concert Band. 5:30-7:30pm. AL 6. must be overcome. ” Tuesday / Campus Centre Pub Para-legal assistance offers non. opens 12noon.

_ Friday

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Heartaches Razz Band from g-lam. $1 after 6pm. Federation Flick&Jeremiah Johnson with Robert Redford. 8pm. AL 11 G-Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50.

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SUN. OCT. 18 - 8 p.m. Humanitbs Theatre . CAMERATA presenting ‘MUSIC OF RU&lA

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Performing w&s by Glinka, .Mussorgsky, Cui and Tchaikowsky featuring guest artist Soprano - MARY LOU FALLIS ‘Adele Armin, violin . I Kathryn Root, piano Coenraad Bloemendal, cello Suzanne Shulman, flute James Campbell, clarinet Elyakim Taussig, piano Each member-of Camerata is an internationa,lly recognized soloist. The remarkable talents and-balance of the group allow them to perform a range of works far beyond that of conventional groups.--‘-- ’ \ THERE HAS NEVER BEEN ANYTHING QUITE LIKE ‘CAMERATA ’ ’ ‘Admission $5.00, students & senior citizens $2.50 . Central Box Office ext 2126 . \

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--professional lega!, ad ice. Call 8850840 or come to C cy 106. Hours

Razz Band-from 9-l am.$l

WED. OCT. 15 -- 12:30 p.m. \ Noon Music (Piano &’ Violin Concert) with Hanna Brickman &Jeremy Constant .Theatre of the Arts Free Admission ’ ’ Creative Arts Board, Federation

friday, October *

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October 10,1,975

Tuition fees. wz not increase clear that-tuition will remain at its present level, the value of the per next year because Ontario Premier ‘\ Bill Davis said so during the recent - student grant Tom the province is as yet “uncertain”, Matthews said. provincial election, UW president Burt Matthews told the board of “We will not know until after Christmas what our income will be governors Tuesday. . Though the government makes it . . .-a situation which makes the pre-

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paration of our budget very dif- I said there’s a “slight increase” in enrolment this fall which means the ficult,” headded. university will be entitled to more “Hopefully, we’ll not be too optimistic in our assumptions when _ public funds. (The province allots its 15 universities a basic per stuwe start working on next year’s budget.” dent grant valued at $2,111, which In a related matter, Matthews varies in amount depending on the -.

that-an UW president Burt Matthews told the university’s board of governors - next year. He alsonoted monies. on Tuesday that Davis had---said there will be *no tuition increase for I university to more public ..

-,Scholars#iij / priferenfial \

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increase

in enrolment entitles the ’ . photo by stev%i%cmullan /

studentsI may@et. hous/‘ng *ie&atmeni -.

year and course the students enrol1 in). This increase should be around two percent by Dec. 1, the deadline -the university uses in calculating its provincial grants for the next academic session, which gives U W a 17,000-student populatio* Matthews said. The breakdown in full-time undergraduate enrolment is : Faculty of Arts, 2,164 (down 30 students from last year); Engineering, i ,725 (down 100); Environmental Studies, 1,289, (up 1SQ); Integrated Studies, 60 (down 20); Mathematics, 2,313 (up 230); Human Kine* tics & Leisure Studies, 1,009 (up 62); Science, 1,757 (up 59); Renison College, 113 (down 2); and St. Jerome’s College, 448 (down 14). In addition, UW has 2,006 offcampus students working on their -co-op terms and 2,600 -part-time students,(2,000 of whom are taking correspondence. courses), Matthews said. The university also numbers 1,300 full&ne and 300 parttime graduate students?=--In another matter, the board elected Wallace Rankin, a retired Bell Canada vice-president, as its ’ new chairman, replacing Carl Pol-’ lock who is now the university’s chancellor. Rankin is UW’s third chairmanand the first from outside Waterloo region. Pollock and &a Needles served in the position throughout UW’s 1syZar history. Rankin became associated with the university in 1962 when he was appointed national chairman of a ‘five-year fund-raising campaign during the hectic period-when UW was Canada’s fastest-growing university: - In 1972 he became vice-chairman of-the board. He is one ‘of the 10 -_ members-at-large of-the 36member ’ board. He served in Toronto, Montreal and several other Ontario communities including Waterloo region. From l%O, he was vice% president of Bell’s western region, based in Toronto. Rankin assumes his new position at .a time when UW faces its severest financial crisis, with a budgetted deficit of $1,2 million for 1975-76 and a projected deficit of $2 million the next year, The board received Tuesday financial statements for the year ending April 30, 1975, showing a slight surplus of $41,000 on a $63-million budget.

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- While he’s in-favour of fostering which reserves rooms for scholarmittee was informed that the uniThe future of a proposal calling ship students. “Scholarship reciacademic excellence, Eydt said for preferentialtreatment to be versity has beenlosing highIy qualto reserve pients should take the same chance ified students because other unihe’s not “prepared given to scholarship students irrobrooms for students who shop as anyone else in getting into resi-versities are in the position to offer taining on-campus housing will dearound when deciding which unidence.?’ fringe benefits such as guaranteed pend on UW president Burt Mattversity offers the best scholarVillage II student president Mar. on-campus housing. hews, the senate student aid comship.” garet Vopni also said the “general Committee member Ken Fryer, mittee decided Monday. Yillage I student president Mark feeling” of her council was against associate dean of mathematics, The proposal urges that “a facilOstin said his council is unanimthe proposal. said at the time that he had received ity-be made available by the univer-john morris ously opposed to any such proposal several letters-from students saying sity president to seriously consider , providing on-campus residence ac- they would have come to UW had accommodation to all scholarship re- they been assured of university commodation. cipients who so request.” s Fryer said Queen’s University The committee based its request r has a _ special system set up on the assumption that if scholarwhereby- rooms are automatically ship students were given a chance to get on-campus housing, then reserved for scholarship students. UW would be able to compete bet“These rooms at Queen’s are reThe right of students to be lecharm to students who-are taking lack of intelligibility in their lectur: ter with other universities for served on an academic basis,” he tured to in an intelligible manner ers. Dean of graduate studies their courses. - highly qualified pupils. said. was given a boost this week as the Since that time, Irving reported, Lynn Watt observed that in either However,other committee UW senate executive committee he has received complaints from case responsibility must ultimately Asked Tuesday about the heard a proposed guideline‘ for members felt to give what in effect students who claim that they have rest with department chairmen. committee’s proposal, Matthews will be preferential treatment to evaluation of lecturers. difficulty in understanding some of Irving agreed that’ appeal proce. said he believes preferential treatThe guideline, which was pretheir lecturers who do not speak - dures exist, but said that : “Most of scholarship students would be the ment for on-campus ‘housing sented to the committee bystudent clearly.. He said that “one of the same as “buying” students from a the students are not at all familiar shouldn’t be given to a student berepresentative Rick Irving, said in w*orst offenders is the faculty of with the procedures cause of high academic standing ._ ’ stronger positio*. ’ _ of making an part: “That all persons involved in mathematics in their first year math Contacted Tuesday about the appeal.. .not used to dealing with t ‘Scholarship students have the teaching courses ‘where English is courses .” matter, Ron Eydt, warden of UW’s the bureaucracy.” He felt that this same chance as everyone else in said there’s the language of instruction-be restudent villages, UW academic vice-president obtaining on-campus residence ,” was particularly important since he quired to be intelligible in com“pretty much a consensus position Tom Brzustowski ‘expressed conhe said. anticipated that most problems municating in that language. r’ ’ Matthews said he expects to see against such a proposal whichgives cern over an approach which he felt would occur at the first year level. that scholarship students an edge over / “ It ’ went on to propose was “trying to correct (the probfurther documentation from the ’ UW president Burt Matthews . . . one measure of lack of profilem) after the fact,” rather than committee on the extent of the -others among the village student agreed that a review of‘appeal prociency shall be a petition signed councils and tutors. testing for intelligibility before approblem of scholarship students cedures was in order, noting thati “People are admitted on a first by at least one third of the students pointment. He also pointed out declining to come to UW due to a “I get stuck sometimes myself in that: “It is well known that the inlack of available on-campus houscome, first served basis to the stu- in any one class. ” knowing where to tell a student to modern scident residences ,” Eydt said. . The idea of testing lecturers on __ternational ing for them. . go.”_ _ language - __of_ __ ence is broken English.” He said the village administratheir ability to communicate in-EnAfter receiving such a report, -It was eventually decided that glish was first suggested by Irving tion tries to maintain a 50 percent Some committee members felt the graduate and undergraduate Matthews said he’ll decide whether 1at the Sept. 15 meeting of the unithat the Proposed guideline was councils should look at the problem‘ to take the proposal to the split between freshmen and upperversity senate. At that time he sug= unnecessary since appeal proceuniversity’s board of governors for , clymen, a policy which forces the and make recommendations to gested that professors with a,poor consideration. villages to admit those who apply - dures are already established Senate at its November meeting. command of English may be doing which allow students to protest At an e.arlier meeting, the comj first. --henry hess

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Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre, Fim. .217c. Monday-Thur&ay Open 7-l Opm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 8851211, ext.

2372.

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Graduate students who wish to apply for the positioh of Don in Village 1 for the academic Spring term 1976 should obtain ah application form from the Housinq Office in Needles Hall, and must submit it to the Warden of/Residences prior to Friday, October 31st. Applications received after this date cannot be considered for appointment for the Spring Term 1976. ’ ’ / . ti Light moving done also other odd jobs, cleaning etc. Reasonable rates. Call Jeff 745-1293. ’\

’

$12 per couple _others \ -

. \ , I ‘Tickets .available at Arts S& Office, HUM ;78A . ‘ext23-26 and Math Sot Office, MC 3031F,&t12324. _ ’

General Elections for the six (6) seats on the Board of Directors of the Waterloo Chapter of The Ontario Public Interest Research-Group (OPIRG) will take place between November 1 st and November 5th. I All undergraduate students registered-at the University of Waterloo who have notreceived a refund of their $3.00 OPIRG fee are eligible to stand forelection and to vote. 1 NOMINATIONS OPEN FRIDAY OCTOBER 10th CLOSE ON FRIDAY OCTOBER 31st AT 3:OOP.M. “. Further information and nomination up at the OPIRG office in CHEMISTRYI

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IO,1975

For Sale. Big deal of the, day for mechanically minded. 2 M.G. midgets-A 1970 .and a 1,972-The 1970 can be used for parts.. The 72 is being driven and is in qood mechanical condition. The-body needs work-alot! ’ 30,000 original miles options-mini wheel, radio, cuptom console, 2,000 miles on Michelin ZX radials, 2 Shelby mags. Total of 9 wheels and tires. Custom front bumper, two complete- tune up kits-l 6 new, plugs, .brand new mobelec electronic ignition and more. Twofor half the price of one. Uncertified $900 for package .de\al or offer. 885-2520 Will consider trade for bike or discuss terms. 5OOcc or larger. \

A Barry Shantz wrist watch. Contact Adrian at 744-4707.

Lwt One navy blue sweater, gold and white band on sleeve. Also High School pin with great sentimental value! Phone 884-7395. Lost between PAC and Modem Languages or Modern Languages and Village 2.

Typing

A business college graduate, willing to do all phases of student typing, at $60 a Page. Phone 6536712. Typing at home: 743-3342; Westmount area; theses, essays; reasonable rates, excellent service: no math oaoers. Fast accurate typing. 40 dents a page. IBM Selectric. Located in Lakeshore Village. Call884-6913anytime. \ Will do student typing, reasonable rates. ‘Lakeshore Village. Calf885-1863. ’

Housing

Wanted

Accommodation for 4 people in the upcoming winter term: (Jan - May 76) Will sublet or take over lease. Phone (416) 634-2816 after 7:30pm or write Michael Rose, 504 Indian Road, Burlington, Ontario , _ ’ Out of town Prof wants place to sleep ITuesday and Wednesday nights in marriqd student apartments or very close to ’ campus. Ext. 3025 Mal (Tues or Wed)

._ Cibie headlight conversions, Koni Babysitting. shocks, Stebro exhaust systems, most i, Retiable married woman would like. to accessories at discount prices. George babysit in your home in Kitchenerafter6pm. 744-5598. Waterloo, days. Call 884-2258. .

We are interested in analysing virtually all aspects, of the Food lndusfry from production to consumption; from the 1 decline of-the family farm to the effects of chemical additives on the human body. 2. The Housing Industry in Canada! Many people are finding it increasingly difficult to house themselves adequately at a cost they can afford. This project is aimed at an investigation of various aspects of the problem including land ownership patterns, speculation, Development Companies, and Finance Institutions, just to name a few. .\ 3. Occupational Health and Safety: This project starts with an examination of the incidence of occupational injuries and disease, and the traditional explanations put forth to identify their causes. The second part of the project amounts to ;a critical evaluation of the i responses of workers,corporations and government agencies. . 4. Corporate Profiles: Canadians by and- large know very little about the extent of the influence major corporations have over the social, political, and economic affairs of Canada. This project is directed toward an analysis of such giant concerns as Bell Canada, Syncrude, Imperial Oil, Canadian Development Corporation, Trizec, Argus, Power Corporation, Upjohn, Greenwin, etc.

forms can be picked ROOM 351.

The Ontario Public Interest Research Group (OPIRG) is an inbependent research, education, and community action-oriented organization funded and controlled by the students of Waterloo and McMaster Universities. By linking university-based research projects with strategies for bringing about social change, the OPIRG staff, students, faculty members, and community volunteers try to bridge the gap between academic study and the day-to-day problems facing our society. <Academic credit can be arranged for projects that are. related to courses already offered by the university: If you want your term papers, essays, and projects to contribute to more than just your own degree, come and join us. Call or send a note to Dave Robertson or Terry Moore in Chemistry 1 Room 351,884-9020 or 885-l 211 ext. 2376.

P.-Data * * * *

Bank: . i. design of overallsystem ’ ’ newspaper clippings collection of previous research reports manual of formal and informal research projects going on at Waterloo and other universities 4. * development and maintenance of a cross index of \ . all information in the data bank ’

2. Office Assistance: * maintenance of the financial records * keeping of and mailing\out of minutes of meetings, newsletters, and reports etc. I *- office duty * maintenance of a local and provincial literature table

Election Organization: * arrangementsforthe November Elections , ’ chief returning officer * advertising Newsletter: * assist with production of a community newsletter to , be sent out through OPIRG’s Consumer Action Centre in Kitchener

5. Consumer Actibn Centre: w * researchers / * complaint officers

riday, October

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Paper meets oppositi

Speakers from the community cycle of growth and stagnation, tnd campus gathered together with stagnation happening roughly Wednesday night on the basis of every ten years. these periods people heir opposition to the Federal I During 3overnment’s Green Paper on tended to question the source of the problem, he said, citing periods of n-migration. social upheaval in Canada’s past. Speaking to an overflowing rowd, moderator Rev. David The tendency of the government and the media during these periods Watson said the speakers were has been to make the immigrants tended together in unity to oppose he green paper. He went on to inthe scapegoats using for instance, reduce UW history professor Leo the ‘yellow peril’ attitude against Chinese immigrants during the late ohnson as one of the mainspeak:rs of the evening. 1800’s. Professor Johnson described the Johnson also said that the govlistory of immigration in Canada ernment used immigrants as a ince 1900, saying that the role of threat to workers during this mmigration had been to enrich the period, warning them if they would uling class in Canada. not work for low wages it was posDuring the 1820’s, he said, those sible to use asiatic workers. bersons who wanted large scale In the period between 1900 and mmigration owned land in Canada 1911 there was again a period of vrhich they wished to sell at a high development during economic rice, and so encouraged immigrawhich the C.P.R. among other corion. porations ’ in Canada requested Johnson said a second influx of more immigrants. The government nmigrants was allowed around then found it convenient to bring in 831 because it was necessary to masses of Slavic and European ave a cheap labour force so that people who had been displaced by hose who owned the land could liberal revolutions on that contilake money. This policy of keepnent. immigration aligned to Johnson showed how these peow conomic needs has been expresple were not allowed to vote beed recently by Robert Andras, cause of laws passed in 1917, and in ohnson said, referring to the Fedfact were subject to the same kind ral Minister of Manpower and of attacks that the Chinese and mmigration’s recent statements Irish received a century before. oncerning the possible future of He also explained that the govnmigration. ernmentno longer uses overt forms Johnson said that the capitalist of racism because these immigrants conomy of Canada underwent a became powerful in Canadian soci-

The Federation of Students deided to reaffirm its support for all roups which attempt to protect the ights and privileges of immigrants I Canada, at Wednesday’s student ouncil meeting. The motion, introduced by fededucation co-ordinator ration lhane Roberts, was slightly mended by councillors who Janted any specific reference to roups deleted from the resolution. ‘he specific reference to the Antimperialis t Alliance - (AIA) was hanged to a more general wording.

Originally, the motion stated: “The Federation of Students expresses its solidarity with the AIA in its attempts to protect the rights and privileges of immigrants as full members of the Canadian society.” When amended, the part expressing solidarity with the AIA was altered to : ‘ ‘The Federation of Students reaffirms its support for groups whit h attempt to protect the rights and privileges of immigrants as full members of the Canadian. society.” Several councillors argued there

The proposed province-wide egotiating plan for university prosssors was dropped by the Ontario 1onfederation of University Faulty Associations (OCUFA) and niversity presidents, UW presient Burt Matthews told the board f governors Tuesday.

the province-wide negotiating plan, Matthews said. Instead, the committee has “put the ball in OCUA’s hands” to come with solutions to the universities’ financing problems. Most of the province’s universities are suffering deficits that already have reduced faculty and staff numbers through attrition. The committee has urged that OCUA consider devising programs to create stability within the universities, to assure equity of salaries for university staff and to preserve the diversity of universities in the province, Matthews said. If the committee’s proposals are taken up by OCUA, they should allow for a more manageable situationinuniversity planning, he said. UW, for instance, is expecting a $1.2 million deficit for 1975-76 and a $2-million deficit for 1976-77, given the current financing level of the province. This year,, UW had the lowest percentage increase in its budget of all Ontario universities with an over-all increase of 8.5 percent. UW already has reduced faculty by about 25 through attrition.

The proposal to separate salaries rom other expenses in the rovince’s 15 universities and to lave professors negotiate directly with the Ontario government for vage increases was scrapped due o a lukewarm response from the )ntario Council on University Afairs (OCUA). OCUA is responsible to the Onario government for determining unding policies to the universities. The province-wide negotiating theme was approved by 14 of the 5 university faculty associations t a meeting last May. Matthews said that the OCUFA nd presidents committee drafting he proposal ,received a “cold reeption” when meeting recently dith OCUA. The conclusion of the presidentzulty committee was that there hould be no further discussion on

Professor Doug Whalsten (standing) representing the Anti-Imperialist Alliance was one of the key speakers at a’ meeting, Wednesday night. The meeting was &e/d to oppose the federal government’s Green Pa-per on Immigration. Other speakers in the picture are (left to right) professor Colin De-Ath, who represented the K-W Human Rights Caucus, Mayling Stwbbs, a coordinator in the Global Community Centre, and Rev. David Watson of Trinity United Church, who moderated the meeting. About two hundred people were present.

ety after World War Two and would not allow the narrow definition of Canadian (i.e. French and English) which had been used to that time.

was no need to include the AIA in the wording of the motion since the group allegedly caused a disturbance on campus last March. At that time some federation officials claimed they were assaulted when investigating charges of alleged violence at an AIA conference. Federation treasurer John Long said he was hesitant to express solidarity with ‘AIA because of its behaviour at the March conference. In other business, council passed a motion allowing student councillors free admittance to federation events such as concerts, pubs and movies. Graduate student rep: Robbie Howlett argued that by extending these privileges to councillors there will be more status attached to the position. Such an action would be a “step in a different direction” to resolve the problem of apathy among student reps. “I’m tired of coming to meetings where there’s been no quorum,” Howlett said. Student council meetings, to date, have only achieved a bare quorum to conduct business. Other reps were concerned that councillors would make good use of the privileges and still not come to meetings. However, Howlett pointed out a federation policy which allows council to replace reps who miss more than three meetings. In another matter, St. Jerome’s College rep. Brian Miatello told council that he will ask the university administration why there isn’t enough funds to improve the safety of the Ring Road. He said a student from Notre Dame College was hit by a car while crossing the road at a crosswalk. Miatello said he approached UW’s physical resources director Bill Lobban about the incident and was told there were no funds to install safety devices to enforce speed limits on campus. Lobban could not be reached for comment. --

However, Johnson said, covert racism still exists in Canada. The immigration act of 1952 permits an immigration officer to dissallow immigration on the basis of nationality; ethnic group; citizenry; occupation; unusual customs; habits, etc. Also used for criteria is the unsuitability of the immigrant to fit into aspects of the Canadian environment such as climate, industry, education and social life. Johnson called this absolute lattitude to deny immigration on any ground whatsoever. Included in the act is the denial of immigration on the grounds of ‘possible inability to become assimilated’, which he said explicitly disallows immigration on the basis of race. The point system of 1966-67 was an attempt by the government to limit immigration from underdeveloped countries, he said, because it again gave lattitude to the immigration officer to deny immigration on the basis of whether or not the immigrant would be able to assimilate. Immigrants with degrees, however, were allowed in automatically. Johnson said that the government based the point system on the false premise that the educated elite would not want to leave their own countries. Instead it is finding that the educated are coming to Canada and competing with doctars, engineers, etc. for jobs. In conclusion Johnson said that the government-wishes to do away with the point system in order to prevent people with “distinctive features” (a Green Paper phrase) from coming to Canada. Under the cover of these changes, he said, the government means to institute a system of ‘guest labour’ to import indentured labour and send it back after it had contributed ’ to the Canadian economy. The second main speaker of the evening was Doug Wahlsten, representing the views of the AntiImperialist Alliance. He called the green paper ‘completely false’ and an attempt to divert the Canadian people from the real problems facing them. He said that in 1%6 the government desired a large population; claiming immigrants stimulated growth and lowered per capita cost of government. But now, he said, the government is accusing immigrants of straining facilities and creating unemployment. The Green Paper claims that immigrants intensify demand for

‘housing, transportation, community services, and just plain space’. These allegations, Wahlsten said, are not supported by facts. Using Government statistics he showed that 500,000 people were unemployed in Canada in the 4th quarter of 1974. At that time the immigration figure stood at 24~000. Logically there should have been a rise of 24,000 in the unemployment figure, Wahlsten said, but there was a rise of 325,000 for the first quarter of 1975. Thus the immigrants only contributed 7 percent of the total rise in unemployment, a figure Wahlsten called insignificant. Also according to Government statistics, he said, the housing shortage rate stands at 1.9 percent nationally, and is below 1 percent in most cities. He asserted that the reason for even this amount of shortage is that the capitalist system is based on profit and it is not profitable to build housing at this time. He quoted the 23 percent unemployment rate for construction workers and questioned why there should be a housing shortage and unemployment among workers in that section of the economy at the same time. He also said that non-residential building had gone up 2 1 percent because it is more profitable to build office buildings than homes. In reference to the ‘pressure on arable land’ Wahlsten quoted a government authority as saying that Canada is soon going to have trouble producing food because of immigrants moving into Canada. He responded to this quote again with statistics, showing this time that Canada exports twice as much food as it imports and exports three quarters of the wheat produced. He calculated that the Canadian population would have to rise to 295 million before 10 percent of the arable land would be used up. He said, the government claims we will have problems by the time our population reaches 30 million. Lastly, Wahlsten claimed that the green paper had been brought out to create a ‘lot of hysteria’, and that it is ‘providing a pretense for the control of immigrants and the Canadian people’. He called on all progressive and democratic people to actively oppose the green paper at a demonstration in Ottawa on the 14th of October. -c hris jones

friday, October I 0, I 97

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Free lectures’ Once again the University of Waterloo (UW) is offering free publit lectures this fall as part of its outreach program. community More than 40 speakers are involved. The Monday noon-hour history series will be continued at the Kitchener library for the third year. This year’s series will deal not only with famous people of this century but with thinkers who have had a profound influence on the century. “The lectures will be of general interest, designed for an audience with a varied academic background,” said history professor Donald Horton, one of the organizers . “ They are not part of any one course.”

El Patio

He gave the opening lecture on Oct. 6 entitled “Biography and History: The Twentieth Century”. More than ‘20 other historians will be participating in the program. Lecture dates, speakers and subjects are: Oct. 20-Leo Johnson ‘ ‘Karl Marx’ ’ Oct. 27-W.O. Packhull, Renison College “Max Weber” Nov. 3-D.E. Wright, ‘ ‘Charles Darwin” Nov. lODonald Baker, “Sigmund Freud” Nov. 17-(Speaker to be announced),

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“Albert Einstein and Wernher Von Braun” NOV. 24-D. A. Davies, ‘ ‘Igor Stravinsky” Dec. l-M.J. Craton, ‘ ‘Cecil Rhodes “’ Dec. 8-Kathy Dorshner, “Christabel Pankhurst” Jan .5Davies, “Vladmir Il’ich, Lenin” Jan. 12-G.M. Ostrander, “Charles Lindbergh” Jan. 19R.E. Wynne, “Adolph Hitler” Jan.26-(Speaker to be announced), “Charles De Gaulle” Feb.2-K.D.Eagles, “Eleanor Roosevelt” Feb. 9-James Walker, “Mahatma Gandhi” Feb. 23-J.R. English, ‘ ‘John Maynard Keynes” March 1-Palmer Patterson, “Martin Luther King” March8lHughMcKinnon, “Pope John XXIII” March 15-Craton, “Fidel Castro” March22-J.F.H. New, Marshall McLuhan” March 29-R. W. Guisso, “Mao Tse-tung” April 5-Davies, “Alexander Solzhenitsyn” April 12-Horton, ‘ ‘ Pierre E . Trudeau” April 19-S.K. Johannesen, “Richard Nixon” A series of Tuesday evening lectures will also be given in Kitchener public library as follows : Tuesday, Oct. 21-Jim Smith will talk about social and cultural change among Indians of northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan and the North West Territories (Caribou Eater, Chipewyan).

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Brude-Firnau has been active i various ways in the German corn munity in Ontario, and has pax-tic pated in organizing German lan guage contests for high school stu dents, held annually at UW. Oct. 29’” The Life and Work of Leo Tolstoy,” by Alexande Zweers. Zweers has been particu larly interested in Tolstoy and th Russian formalists. Nov. 12-“ Ethnic Problems i the Soviet Union,” by Edmunl Heier. Heier has been at UW sine the establishment of its Faculty c Arts in 1960. He recently spent sabbatical in the Soviet Union ant he also conducted a summer work shop there this year. A series will also be presented i the Stratford public library. It will b entitled “Ontario Literature ant Social History.” It is being or ganized by Stan McMullen, direc tor of UW’s Canadian Studie program. All lectures will begin a 7:30 p.m. and will be given in thl preview room. Remaining date and subject is : Oct. 15-“ Where We Could Gc The Move from Social Myth tc Personal Myth.” This will dee with alternative philosophies pre sented by Ontarioans from Richarc Maurice Bucke to George Ellio and Margaret Atwood. In addition to the above fou series, U W is also offering severa degree credit courses in librarie this fall and these may be attendee as free public lectures. They are: (1) a.n English course entitled ‘“Folklore,” being given il Kitchener public library Wednes days, from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m.; al anthropology course, “ The Natur of Language,” in Waterloo public library Thursday evenings fron 7:00 to 10:00 p.m., and a sociolog: course, “Introduction to Social Thurs WY 7” in Galt public library days,from7:00to 10:OOp.m.

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All lectures will begin at 7:30 p.m. All speakers are with UW’s department of sociology and anthropology. There will be an evening series in the Waterloo library this year, for the second consecutive year. It is being organized by the department of classics and romance languages. Dates, speakers and subjects are : Oct. 20-Robert Porter, “The Heroic Journey of Alexander the Great. ’ ’ A native of Cambridge (Galt), Dr. Porter has been particularly interested in ancient history. Nov. 3-Sally Haag, “Ancient Roman Gardens.” Prof. Haag has been on the UW campus for 11 years; she previously was a high school classics teacher in Sault Ste. Marie. Nov. 17-Jose Biname, “Memories of Africa.” Prof. Biname lived in Africa for many years. During the second world war he was decorated for his activities with the underground in the Belgian Congo. Dec. l-J.R. Dugan, “De Maupassant’s France.” Dr. Dugan has been particularly interested in 19th century French literature. Dec. 15-Vera Golini, ‘ ‘Paintings of Early Italy.” Prof. Golini teaches Italian at St. Jerome’s College. The above series will be followed, beginning in January, by a further series of lectures; these are being organized by members of UW’s department of Fine Arts. The department of Germanic and Slavic languages and literatures is organizing a series of free public lectures in the Cambridge (Gait) public library. Lectures will begin at8:OO p.m. on thefollowingdates: Oct. 15-“Poetic ,Voyage around the Lake of Constance by Gisela Brude(Germany),” Firnau. A native of Germany,

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Arts, kibiary r&nova&d The invitations have been sent ut to 120 university officials, stuent representatives, librarians -om public and university lib-. aries , and of course, the mayors. ‘he official opening of the newly snovated fast floor in the Dana ‘orter Arts Library will take place n November 7th. It is much to the student’s advanlge to be familiar with the facilities lat the first floor has to offer. Chief librarian, Murray hepherd, is very pleased with the pac@ts and pleasant ,atmosphere f the first floor. (Remember rezrves on the fourth floor?) The major portion of the first oor is given to the reserves area. ‘he reserve room contains three rpes of collections. Firstly, books laced on reserve by a faculty iember for the students in a parc&u- course. There are also Xerox opies of many recent and pertient articles on reserve. Secondly, there is a body of ooks called special collections. ‘his collection is mainly made up f art books and some erotica. ither these books are too large to t in the‘ordinary stacks or their

niversity scholars have a new hangout ‘Dana Porter arts library. . ”

attractive illustrations tend to fall reserve room are the theses of out and attach themselves to graduate students in arts. These thstudent’s walls. eses can be borrowed so if you’re Some books are in special collecinterested in graduate studies or the tions because they are fragile, that latest developments in your field is, they have special pop out pages this is the place to go. If you wish to (like some children’s books) and take out a treatise on “The White would be mutilated on the ordinary Slug as a Symbol in Chaucer’s The-shelves. There is even a book that Nun’s Tale”- you may borrow it for is a can, it contains flat round disks up to two weeks. with poems on them. This can is in For reserve material that is read-special collections because some ing room only there is a large study misguided student might take it for area that seats over 160 students. a can of coasters if it was found Most of the books and Xerox i elsewhere. copies in the reserves room can be Special collections also has sevborrowed and the loans range from eral serial publications, Playboy overnight to two weeks. The reand Cosmopolitan being two. These _ serves desk is open the same hours two publications have had the same as the main circulation desk. history as some of the art books. One of the advantages the first Miss Playboy bunny for June and floor reserves has over the old her male counterpart, Burt fourth floor, besides the greatly exReynolds, are all too often plucked panded area, is its accessibility. from their <enter-folds to display The often crowded elevator can be their gifts on someone’s gym ignored in favour of the three stairlocker. wells that lead to the first floor. Not to be confused with special An area of special interest on the collections ‘are rare books. Rare first floor is the listening room that books are a separate collection that is not yet completed. At its compleare housed in a special area on the tion it will have thirty listening stasouth-west wall of the first floor. ti-ons at five tables each outfitted The third group of books in the with a turntable and tape-recorder. , *.*

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A portion of the rare books collection stacks resides in these boxes.

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The record and tape collection of over 11,000 individual titles is varied. There are poetry readings such Dylan Thomas’s Under as Milkwood. If you are reading a play for a course it will greatly enhance your appreciation of it to listen to it on record or tape. History students will find recordings of important historical figures such as Sir Winston Churchill’s and Adolph Hitler’s speeches preserved on tape. There are also biographies or portraits of well-known CBC personalities. The record collection consists mainly of serious or classical music but there is a representative sprinkling ofjazz, blues, folk, and rock. Shepherd says, ‘ ‘the listening room is of more than adequate size as the number of music students at UW is relatively small.” Musical scores will be stored in the listening room for use by music students and music-lovers in general. The typing carrels are another bonus. There are eight manual typewriters each in a-completely enclosed carrel. Shepherd said, “we had the funds to p-&chase two electric typewriters or eight manu-

-WE Gu)ROUS

als, the obvious choice was made. ” The typewriters will not be coinoperated but will be rented by the hour ata-minimal fee. Keys for the typing room will be available at the reserve desk. As on every floor of the library, except the second, there is a lounge area for casual reading and cigarette puffing. The lounge seats 16. Beside the lounge area there are several display stands where examples of student’s sketches of Parisian architecture are currently displayed. On the official opening date, November 7th, the library is also celebrating the acquisition of its 1,0OO,OOOth book. One would expect the millionth book to be a special one and it is, Emily Cart-3 Journals, complete with a beautiful portfolio of plates. The Collections Development Librarian, Mrs. Doris Lewis, is donating this book to the library. This bookalong with the 100,OOOth book purchased by the library will be on disnlay on the firs t.floor . -judy

BEER OF cm3Jf-RGEN

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Board of Education chairperson, teaching of all”. But he says, ‘ ‘tl Shane Roberts,‘also felt that a TRPis not a teaching inspector. ” teaching resource person would be Funds for the appointmer an asset to the university. He said it, Brzustq&i hopes will come fro1 “pointed out a weakness {the uni- ; the Ontario Universities Program versity has had in this field”. for Instructional Development. - On the qualifications of a candiThe proposal goes before th date for the appointment Stone said I Undergraduate Council today. If he would not want someone who is accepted !Brzustowski hopes th stressed theory too much, and that . council will set up a search commi it would be preferable if the person tee immediately. had experience of teaching’ in dif- . -The I student federation & ferent faculties. / moved into’ the area of tours Brzustowski said that it would be evaluation this week. P up to a search committee to decide Wednesday’s council meetin on what qualifications would be ‘councillors agreed to a proposal r-t necessary, but he felt tact would be com,mending that a field worker b appointed to development tours impbrtaflt’ . In hrs - memorandum Brzus- _ critiques and to monitor the effect towski says the teaching resource of provincial cutbacks in educ; person should be .“something of a ~ tion. t father (mother?) confessor to those I The appointment will run fror who have problems teaching and a ‘NOV. 1st 1975 toMay3lst 1976, at resource for the improving the ‘federation salary of $145 per week, I

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No one can doubt the good intenthing,but I don’t know.” Her un‘Ipie, engineers, ‘etc.“. In Augusl tions of the ad hoc advisory comcertainty was caused not by her according to the personnel depafl mittee. on equity of salary levels of evaluation of the motives of_ the ment figures, this included 117 men and wome’n non-teaching study, but rather by the multitude staff, 155 technicians, and 42 staff. Set up last month, the of problems she and anyone else ‘ ‘by-weekly hourly” workers. 7-member group is in the process of lconcerned with the review; perThe last group, made up large1 reviewing the situation of those ceive in its teps of reference. of workers in food services an university workers not included in .To begin with, it is, according to ’ physic-al resources, will not be ir a similar study of potential sex disP. Robertson, the chairman, “very\ eluded in the Committee’s evalua ,CFnafion in faculty .promotion . . difficult to make-comparisons bettion. They are unionized, and, i However, the way in which it is ween a laboring person and a se&-“. the’ words of the chairman, hi going to go about this survey could retarial person”. Indeed; “no sci- x study “will <most probably stay ou give rise to some doubts as regards entific evaluation system” exists to of areas where staffare representel its completeness. equate the. two in terms of salary. - .by unions.” / i As one long-time secretary at the And since the- wages of th?se two ’ ‘At its first meeting Tuesday, “ plant stated: “I think it’s a good working groups are based on the whole bunch of data on differer ?market conditions in the comlevels of salary and records of ar niunit~’ ’ , one cannot help but bepointments and promotions eve \ lieve that any sex discrimination in the last six months” was presentel town will continue to be per,to committee members for exami petuated in the university. nation. They,hope to make a repor It is highly unlikely, given its naon th ir findings -by Christmas, acl ture, that a proposal will be made to hi!“‘ 9 either as an appeal body no draw up a new evaluation scheme agrievance board.” , for the university’s,particular use. While one may doubt that th Thus secretaries and janitors will study is all-encompassing or pace continue to be paid according to a setting in nature, it should be in teresting and perhaps useful i scale set by the going K-W rates. The study is I to include combatting sexism in certain area of the university community. “everyone who is not a member of -julia schneide faculty-librarians., clericali peo1

‘\

friday, October 10,197

-1

tion pr@ident, Jim Stone, said he methodology to their attention and A proposal is being’madeto the instructing them in its use etc”. would prefer to consult with his exUndergraduate Council that .a perecutive before commenting on the son be hired by the university who ’ The resource “person would also have other duties, according to the would be “something of a father proposal. But expressing his own memorandum. Those duties would opinion he said -c‘I would welcome ~ (mother?) confessor to those who include insructing new faculty and it, and I’m sure most of the faculty have problems teaching. . .“. * ’ teaching’ “assistants in teaching ’ would agree withi$‘. Vice president, academic Tom * . advising on the latest Brzustowski, is suggesting {io the methods, Stone did, however, express council that a Teaching Resource teaching evaluation techniques, concerri- that though the proposal liason with the ’ seemed fine in theory it might not Person be appointed “to assist in- and maintaining Y work in practise. dividual faculty members, on de- student federation. Informing the vice president, mand and in confidence, in improvStudent federation ~ president, ’ , academic on the quality of teaching John Shortall, said he felt the proping their performaflceasteachers.” / f This would be-done, and learning. in the university osal‘ was a great idea and that -he the vice would alsb be aduty of the resource saw it “as an admittance by the president suggests, in a memoranadministration that something has dum, by “visiting~theirlectures and - person. “But not on’the qerfor-mance of individual facul)y memto be done in teaching and leari-+iticizing the methodof presenta-+ bers,” Brzustowski stresses. tion; by reviewing their course ipg adde; th;t the f;aationd Offiially, UW faculty Associa’ ’ material; ‘and by bringing new would press for student representation on the selectiori committee to find a suitable candidate, should the undergraduate council accept theproposal. ’ 8 /

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Sexual equality

Art was brought to the people through the campus centre.

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Dispute over funds brings Arts Sot to life A loss of quorum at Tuesday’s Arts Society meeting delayed consideration of three executive motions which would radically change funding policies within the society. Council members commented that the meeting was in sharp contrast to past meetings which have been dull and lacking in council members’ participation. Tuesday’s meeting was characterized by stalling tactics in which members of both the executive and council were challenged . The motions as proposed in the president’s executive report are as follows : -that the remaining 50 percent allotment of the funds for 1975/76 under clubs, be put into a common fund to be named club subsidies to whit h member clubs may apply ,for support of various club activities. -that guidelines for decisions concerning the allotment of these funds be formulated by the social committee. The guidelines are then to be brought to council for discussion and ratification. -that this social committee administer the club activity subsidies in accordance with the guidelines ratified by council. The reasons stated in the report for the proposal are to ensure that the Arts Society is better informed of the activities of the various clubs (eg. History Society, Political Science Union, etc.) and to promote interest in the society. Those most strongly opposed to the motions are the History Soci-

ITHIS .I1

ety, Psychology Society, and the Political Science Union. Randy Norris and Cam Smith, both of Psychology Society, pointed out, that these three societies are worried that money, which would not otherwjse be available to small clubs will be given out to the first group to ask for “a large slice of the pie. ” History Society President Hilda Young agreed with this view and added that the proposal is unfair “because the History Society serves the history students effectively without the Arts Society.” Ted Haugen, also of the History Society, stated that if the individual clubs were working prope;ly, there would be no need for the Arts Society. Arts Society president Bruce Rorisson agreed that the small clubs had the most to gain if they were active. He added that he thought the proposal is fair since those clubs which are active anyway will be the ones to get the most money since they will be presenting all the ideas. Both Young and Norris are worried that, should this proposal be personality conficts approved, among the members of the committee and executive might influence decisions concerning distribution of funds. Young claims this is a factor in some decisions already. Rorisson disclaims this arguement. He says, the only member of the executive on the social commit-

AD IS WORTH

Women have come to a turning point in their sexual roles. They have moved from being sexual slaves to sexual equals. Now they should exercise their potential and share their experiences. This was the main theme on the topic of female sexuality discussed by social workers Sonia Pouyat, Marie Nowak and Karen Bailey in the Kitchener Library Auditorium Wednesday night. Historically, sexual roles were definitely assigned said Karen Bailey. It was decided centuries ago that the male was to be the sexual expert. In contrast, the female was encouraged to be naive and virginal. She had “no particular role” but was “just a passive receiver”. “Nice women certainly did not have sexual feelings”, remarked Bailey. She told of one male editor

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biggest fears however is that of rejection, added Nowak. The female is afraid of the man rejecting her if he knew how much enjoyment she was getting out of sex. Communicating with your partner is so important, stressed Nowak. “A fulftiling sexual life comes with knowledge, exploration and having the freedom and security to express your wishes and feelings to your partner.” It was agreed by all speakers that “performance books” such as The Joy of Sex and The Sensuous Woman should be avoided. “With todays popular literature on sex, we seem to be developing an orgasm society”, said Bailey. We should remember that orgasm is a voluntary response she pointed out. “By trying to manage it, you ruin it”.

tee would be the social committee president. The rest of the committee would consist of one representative from each of the clubs and for any decisions would require a majority vote of approval by the committee. When asked if he thought this system would create less cooperation within the committee, he said he didn’t think it would. in a gynaecological textbook of the In another interview with social late 1950s who stated that women committee chairman Andy Seibel, were rarely sexually aroused or orthe chevron was told that there gasmic, and were not really inwould be “no less co-operation terested in being aroused. than exists now with different clubs A step forward was made shortly fighting to hold events on the same after in research which assured the date.” public that females did have sexual Seibel went on to say, “We are interest and could and should be not trying to shut down clubs. We orgasmic. are trying to force support of coun’ “Our sex roles altered s@nificcil members. ” He explained that antly”, said Bailey. Modern man “by support, I mean input and outwas given a new responsibility. He put from council members as well had to be prepared to do something as attendance at meetings.” In a for the woman rather than to her. speech delivered at the Arts SociWomen ,were also free to respond. ety meeting Seibel cited examples Today we’re at the point where of poorly attended social committhe male and female are beginning tee and club presidents’ meetings. to assume sexual responsibility for In commenting on the proposal, themselves. However, there are Seibel stated: “Yes, it’s acentralist still many old attitudes and myths point of view. Iam acentralist.” to be overcome warned Sonia Since the Tuesday meeting was Pouyat. For example, the myth successfully stalled until a quorum about hair falling out or growing on no longer existed, a decision on the your palms with masturbation is motions will wait until the Oct. 9 not true, she said. meeting. In the meantime, both “The punitive injunctions of our sides will be busy gathering support childhood affect us now”, said in the form of allied voting mem- . Marie Nowak. The fears of pregbers for the meeting. nancy, infection and going out of -graham gee control are still strong. One of the

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Robert Statham James Higginson Ian Allen and Sandy Yates Hans Zschch People’s MusicDave Moss Don Cruikshank Sign Off

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Oct. 14

9:00 12 :00 12:15 l2:45 3:00 3:15 6:00

Doug Baker Dave G i! lett Story-Charlotte’s Web Dave Gillett Scope-United Nations Radio SallyTomek Symposium on Non-Violence, Organizing Non-Violence 6:30 Niki Klein 9:00 Is This It? News and Commentary 9:30 Music

CAMPUS EVENTS TUESDAY

1O:OO Pub Broadcast, This week Heartaches Jazz-Band l2:OO Kim St. Pierre 3:00 SignCff

Wednesday,

Oct. 15

lo,1975

John Williams Sports Report Andy Bite Mike Devillaer Larry Stareky and Lou Montana Sign Off

9 :00 12:OO 12:15 12:45 3:00 5:30

Pat Dunn David Glendenning Story-Charlotte’s Web David Glendenning Bill Stunt Couchiching ‘75, Shridath Ramphal, Canada and the Third World-What are the Choices, Part Two 6:30 Donna Rogers 9:00 David Scorgie and Nathan Ball 9:30 Labour News with Tom Kral 1O:OO David Scorgie and Nathan Ball 12:OO Nigel Bradbury 3 :00 Sign Off

Thursday, 9:00 12:OO 12:15 12:45

Oct. 16

Bert Bonkawski Greg-Yachuk Story-Charlotte’s Greg Yachuk

CALENDAR

WEDNESDAY

3:00 530 6:00 9:00 12:OO 3:00

October

Web

OCTOBER

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY 11

-Fed Flicks: The Three Musketeers, AL 116,8 pm -CC Pub: Northern Light Blue

-Fed Flicks: The Three Musketeers, AL 116,8 pm CC Pub closed for Thanksgiving

-12

=ed Flicks: The Three Musketeers, AL 116,8 pm

CCPub ClosedforThanksgiving

-CC Pub: Heartaches Razz Band -CC Free Movie IO:1 5 pm, Great Hall

-CC Pub: Heartaches Razz Band -Music at Noon: Pierre Auge, WLUTHEAAUD, 12:30-l :30, Free Admission

-Fed Flicks: Jeremiah Johnson, AL 116,8pm -CC Pub: Heartaches Razz Band

Fed Flicks: Jeremiah Johnson,AL116,8pm -CC Pub: Heartaches Razz Band

Murray McLaughlin & Dan Hill, Hum. Thea., U of W, 8

-Sha Na Na &Shooter, Kit. Mem. Aud. 8 pm -Music at Noon: V. PETER & B. Cabena, WLU Thea Aud, 12:30-l :30 -Noon Hour Drama: Cabbagetown Plays, Thea of the Arts, 11:30-l 2:30, Free Admission -CC Pub: Shirley Elkhard Band, 74 cents

-Fed Flicks: Fantastic Planet, AL 116,8 pm. -Noon Hour Drama: Cabbagetown Plays, Thea of the Arts, 11:30-l 2 :30 -CC Pub: Shirley Elkhard Band, 74 cents

-Fed Flicks: Fantastic Planet, AL 116,8 pm. -CC Pub: Shirley Elkhard Band, 74 cents

14 ’ -Eng. Sot. Oktoberfest Bash at Heidelberghaus (Glenbriar Curling Club), tickets $2.50 at Eng. Sot. Office -PhilipAgee, Hum. Thea. 8 Pm -CC Pub: Heartaches Razz Band -Seminar and Movie on Minamata Disease (mercury poisoning) 7:30 pm

=ed Flicks: Jeremiah Johnson,AL116,8pm Camerata, Hum. Thea., J of W, 8pm

-CC Pub: Shirley Elkhard Band, 74 cents

-Fed Flicks: Fantastic Planet, AL 116,8 pm.

Arts & Math Sot Bridge Tournament, 3rd Floor Lounge, M&C, 7 pm. -CC Pub: Garfield, 74 cents

-gE Free Movie: lo:15 pm, Great Hall -Noon Hour Drama: Cabbagetown Plays, Thea of the Arts, 11:30-l 2:30, Free Admission -CC Pub: Shirley Elkhard Band, 74 cents

Arts & Math Sot Spelling Bee, AL Lobby, 12 pm. -CC Pub: Garfield, 74 cents -LA RONDE, Hum. Thea. 8 Pm.

Arts & Math Sot Slide Rule Competition, Math Lounge, 12 pm. -Arts & Math Sot Wine & Cheese Party, M&C 5136, 8-l 2 -Arts & Math Sot. Free Cartoons in CC Pub, 1:30-2:30 -CC Free Movie: 10:15, Great Hall -CC Pub: Garfield, 74 cents -LA RONDE, Hum. Thea. 8 Pm.

-Arts &Math Sot Movie, AL 113,7pm. -Arts & Math Sot. Free Cartoons in CC Pub, 1:30-2:30 -CC Pub: Garfield, 74 cents -LA RONDE, Hum. Thea. 8 Pm.

NOVEMBER 1

-Arts & Math Sot Hallowe’en Party, M&C 5136,8-l 2 -Eng Sot Hallowe’en Pub Dance. -Arts & Math Sot. Free Cartoons in CC Pub, 1:30-2:30 -CC Pub: Garfield, 74 cents -LA RONDE, Hum. Thea. 8 Pm.

-Arts & Math Sot SemiFormal

OCTOBER 27-NOVEMBER 1: Arts & Math Sot Jointly-sponsored Week Watch for NOVEMBER calendar for schedule of events for Eng Sot Week (Nov. I-Nov. 8)

friday,

October 10,197s

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Wonhen’s studibs cob!!~bn

Economic woes cut funding The sagging Canadian economy has greatly reduced the potential scope of a women’s studies collection presently being compiled at the UW Arts library, the senate library committee was told last Thursday. University librarian Murray Shepherd informed committee members that the Higher Education Resources for the Study of Women (HERS) project “is going to take more time than originally anticipated ,” due to a lo’w response from 22 funding agencies. To date, the HERS project has garnered only $11,300 out of a proposed $43,000.

Since 13 of the funding agencies “have responded in the negative,” the project “won’t be as sophisticated as we had hoped,” Shepherd added. The women’s studies collection-books, clippings, journals, manuscripts, letters and ephemera-is considered by researchers to be one of the most extensive in Canada. “Work on the project has begun and consists of identifying those 10,000 items in the library’s collection that will be included in the bibIiography and producing bibliographic records for those items,” Shepherd reported. In a recent interview, one of the project coordinators said it’s “hard to find material relating to women as most of it is scattered all over Canada.” However, with publicity more people might donate their collections on women to Waterloo since it’s the only library that is’ systematically collecting onwomen’s studies, she said. The impetus for the collection was a 1967 centennial gift from the National Council of Women. The library received the council’s Lady Aberdeen collection, 3,000 volumes by and about women, which members had *been accumulating for 10 years. The council had originally plan-

ned to build a library for the books, but abandoned the idea and offered them to the National Libary. However, the latter rejected the offer because of a separate-display condition. UW’s library ‘was then picked since it already had the nucleus of a feminism collection, the work of the university librarian at the time, Doris Lewis, who began collecting in l%O. When the Lady Aberdeen books. arrived, the library received ab: $4,000 grant from the Canadian Federation, of University Women, profits from its centennial book, The Clear Spirit, edited by Mary Quayle Innis. The resulting publicity prompted by these donations brought many more gifts from groups and individuals. Among the most outstanding were: the Elizabeth Smith Shortt (one of Canada’s first women

graduates in medicine) papers; the Alice Riggs Hunt (American journalist and suffragette) papers; books and papers of Vancouver poet Isobel Ecclestone MacKay; scrapbook of the late Toronto radio personality Claire Wallace; and the 25year clippings file about women and women’s affairs of Elizabeth Long of Winnipeg. While most of the monographs, periodicals and reference works have been organized, catalogued and made available for use, there is still a substantial and mounting backlog of rare and archival material-in effect the most valuable part of the collection. .This material is difficult to use since it is neither catalogued nor brief-listed and is only partially restored. Once the proposed bibliography is completed, the library would be able to keep it up to date with regular supplements.

Men’s conference examinks sei role “The main concern of men who attend the conference is not what sex role is best for them but what is natural ,’ ’ said Peter Cole, one of the organizers of the first men’s liberation conference in Canada. The purpose of the conference, according to fellow organizer and UW graduate student Paul Gronnerud, was to communicate men’s feelings through the sharing of experiences. Working with Cole and Gronnerud at the conference was Warren Farrell, the author of The Liberated Man.

The conference, which was held on the UW campus; drew to a close last Sunday with a panel discussion

of conclusions, observations and’ notes taken during the weekend. As of noon Saturday, about 100 men had registered with more groups expected. The delegates comprised students, professors and social workers from the U.S. and Canada-most others wouldn’t dare. The conference was closed to women,’ with the exception of a guest lecture on Saturday morning. This was done to promote an atmosphere of ease and honesty among the men. It was also mentioned at a press conference that reporters would be admitted only as participating observers.

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The guest lecture by Dr. Joseph Pleck, author of Men and Masculini~ was open to the public and was attended by approximately 100 men and 30 women. Pleck spoke on four issues of male liberation. The first was the attention men give to the oppression of women and the role of men in this problem. In Pleck’s view, “We’ are underestimating the power of feminists if we are not aware of their ability to influence men’s attitudes towards women.” In the second issue Pleck treated the expected role of men in society as related to politics, the economy and social structures. He. said that unless men make an honest effort to integrate women into traditionally male roles, there is little doubt * that women are oppressed. Next, Pleck examined homosexual relationships saying we can’t help but recognize that male to male relationships are shaped by social pressures and sexual poli: tics. It was also noted that this area is not as well understood as male to female relationships. Finally, Pleck examined the

larger political context of male roles. He discussed the contr-adic- + tions which arise out of the false consciousness of male power and domination over women and the alleged aspirations of feminists to reverse this tendency. He said “that giving women the chance to be superior to men if they are strong and masculine enough leads to complications in male-male and male-female relationships. As a result men are most torn between their recognition of their powerlessness and subordination and the concepts of males in society. Pleck’s major thesis was that men must change their traditional attitudes toward each other in order to cope .with a society in which their roles are no longer clearly defined. Despite the absence of the average working man last weekend and the fact that, as Farrell admits: “The headline potential for men’s liberation is much less than that of women’s liberation,” a second conference is being scheduled for Thunder Bay later in the year. -graham

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Federation of Students presents -

friday,

october

When Victor Marchetti’s The C/A and the Cult of intelligence was published it contained intriguing blanks where material deemed too sensitive by the CIA had been. There are no blanks in Philip Agee’s Inside the Company: C/A Diary. This densely detailed expose names every CIA officer, every agent, every operation that Agee encountered during 12 years with “The Company” in Ecuador, Uruguay, Mexico and Washington. Among CIA agents or (contacts) Agee lists high ran king political leaders of several Latin American countries, U.S. and Latin American iabor feaders, ranking Communist Party members, and scores of other politicians, high military and police officials and journalists. After a stint as an Air Force officer (for cover) and CIA training, Agee arrived in-Quito, Ecuador in late 1960. During the glory years of the Alliance for Progress and the New Frontier, he fought the holy war against communism by bribing politicians and journalists, forging documents, tapping teiephones, and reading other people’s mail.But it was a faraway event which seems to have disturbed him more. Lyndon Johnson’s invasion of the Dominican Republic in 1965 was an overreaction Agee couldn’t accept. in 1968, he resigned with the conviction that he had become a “servant of the capitalism l rejected” as a university student-“ one of its secret policemen.” Agee decided to write this reconstructed diary to tell everything he knew. we spent four years writing the book in Europe, making research trips and dodging the CIA. At one point he lived on money advanced by a woman he believes was working for the CIA and trying to gain his confidence. Until recently, former CIA Director Richard Helm’s plea that “You’ve just got to trust us. We are honorabie men” was enough. With the revelations of domestic spying, it no longer is. in this book, Agee has provided the most complete description yet of what the CIA does abroad. In entry after numbing entry, U.S. foreign policy in Latin America is pictured as a web of deceit, hypocrisy and corruption. Now that we can no longer plead ignorance of the webs our spiders spin, will we continue to tolerate CIA activities abroad? -Patrick Breslin \ “More than an expose, aunique chronicle . . .the most complete description yet of what the CIA does abroad. In entry after numbing entry, U.S. foreign policy is pictured as a web of deceit, hypocrisy and --The WashingtonPost corruption.” “Unlike Victor Marchetti, who was so high in the CIA that many of his notions of what goes on at the -operations level are downright absurd, Philip Agee was there. He has first-hand experience as a spy-handier. . . as complete an account of spy work as is likely to be published anywhere. .. _ presented with deadly acc&=acy.‘-’ -Miles Copeland, former CIA agent, in The London Observer “The workings of the world’s frightening picture of corruption,

most powerful secret pressure, assassination

police force-the and conspiracy.”

CIA-comes

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lo,1975

’

friday, October

By Paul Mitchell Canadian University

lo,1975

Prkss

The long and- bitter struggle between the Canadian Union of Postal Workers and the federal government has once again surfaced in its full intensity this year as the union and government try to negotiate a new collective agreement. The issues-in this negotiation are many ,l *and encompass long standing grievances of ten years or more. Also heightening this ytglr’s qonfi on t at ion is the Postal Worker’s ’ disenchantment with their wages which haven’t risen in more than 21 months. The union itself has been without a collective ’ agreement since October 1974. But the root of the problems in the Post Office this year can be traced to two elements. A history of poor employeeemployer relations and the \ struggle over .$technological change and the resulting threat to job security. This year .the union states that the vital question of technological change, job security and some of the smaller, but very im: portant issues, must be cleared up if there is going to be any hope for labor peace m the PostOffice. CompoundingX the situation. is the Public ServiceStaff Relations Act, which prohibits postal workers, and allpublicservants, from negotiating the effects of technological change, job security and classifications. These restrictions are not contained in the Canada Labor Code which governs unionized workers under federal jurisdiction in the private sector. The union is not opposed to automation and believes in the need to update Canada’s outdated mail handling facilities. But the , union wants some say inthis transformation and protection from its effects. i The unionis goal this year is to gain wage, job and classification security for its members and some positive benefits from the automation program. ’ ’ Along with the current struggle over au, tomation is the union’s attempt to solve some of the smaller issues which have plagued the Post Office for years. These include the use of casual labour, a re-structuring of the grievance procedure, week-end premiums for workers whose regular shifts fall on the weekend and some extra incentive for workers .who have to work night shifts. _ The problems in the Post Office have been surveyed, reviewed and documented,many times since the first National Postal strike in 1%5. This strike led to a Royal Commission on Working Conditions in the Post Office chaired by Judge Andre Monpetit. His report; tabled in 1965, documented the Post Office as ing riddled with paternalism, nepotism, T avoritism and ‘neglect. The judge’s report pointed out the need for collective bargaining to protect Postal Worker’s P rights. 1 The government introduced legislation in 1965 which gave all government employees the right to strike but placed many severe . restrictions on coilective bargaining. This legislation and the problems resultingr from the government’s failure to implement - the recommendations of the Monpetit report, led to further National Postal strikes in 1968 and 1970. Since then the Post Officehas been faced with a series of work stoppages, slowdowns and other signs of worker discontent . Another major problem in the Post Office is the division of responsibility for its operation and the large number of unions in the Post Office which can all stop mail service to *some degree. This, division of responsibility has led to calls from the union to make the Post Office a Crown Corporation under the Canada Labor Code which would consolidate authority for the Post Office and end the Postal Worker’s /’ legislative problems. As it now stands the Post Office Department is responsible for the daily operation of the Post Office. But the Treasury Board is the real employer of Postal Workers and must agree to any contract before it is I

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ried out at the expense of the worker anti used solely for the maximization of profits. The union wants to be able to gain from’ automation by receiving better wages and a reduced work weekat no loss in pay. But before these protections can really will have to x ’ mean anything, the government either change the Post Office into a Crown Corporation under the Canada Labor Code . or else amend the ,PSSRA to remove the restrictive clauses. and the restriction in . While automation the law have placed a heavy burden on this year’s negotiations there are other factors thatmake the struggle between the Post Office and the CUPW more important for the future of labor relations not only in the Post Office but in the country.

The new technology is enormously labour saving because a,Postal Clerk following the old manual sortation methods, is only ex. petted to sort a maximum’of 1,800 letters per . hour. The introduction of the new technology . will also vastly alter the work schedules bf Postal Workers and could change their classifications. J‘ Besides relying on the automated machinery the Post Office is circumventing the union’s position and its control over the signed. The Public Service Commission has workplace by following policies designed to the responsibility .for hiring all Post Office ” take work out of the union’s hands. personnel and the Department of Public The Post Office has started to hire large, Works looks after the maintenance of Postal i / / numbers of casual labour, who recgi~ve lower \ facilities. . wages than Postal Workers; have no union This division of authority often leads to a protectionor job security. It has also hired great deal of ,buck passing which furtherfrusmany term employees who -have contracts trates Postal Workers. which only allow them to work for terms of three, sixor 12 months., ( When the public is faced with a strike in -The effect of this large casu’al work force is the Post Office it tends to blame either the CUPW which represents 22,000 inside _ $0 deny the hiring of badly needed full time Postal Workers. It has been estimated that workers or the Letter “Carriers of Canada the use of casual Iabor has meant the equiwhichrepresents 16,OOOLetterCarriers. _valentof4,OQOfulItimejobs. However, there are 22 different unions in is also applying pressure the Post Office which can, if on strike, all . The government on special permit holders to pre-sort their i cause the public some degree of inconvenimail b.efore it reaches the Post Office. In the ence. CUPW has always, advocated one past umonized Postal Workers have always union in the-Post Office but the government has consistently refused to allow this besorted all mail but now the government is forcing .private mailers to perform 1these cause it is in their interest to have several tasks at the expense of Postal Worker’sjobs. unions to play off against’each other during contract negotiations. I The Post Office is increasing its use of post offices in smaller I While these problems bear significantly on _ private sub-contract centres. These Post Offices operate at the the negotiations this. year and must eventuexpense of postal sub-stations run by the ally be solved before there can be real peace government with unionized employees. in the Post Office, th&year the Postal WorkThis practice could also lead to the further ers are tryingto resolve the biggest problem erosion’of Postal Workers jobs. As the Post they have faced yet-automation. ’ Office opens the large automated plants it consolidates smaller Post Offices in the area. CUPW instituted a Boycott the Postal The Post Offices- consolidated are left with Code campaign almost two years ago as its only a small wicket service which is exactly main weapon in trying to force the govern-, thejob the Post Office is contracting out. ment to give Postal Workers the right to negotiate the effects of technologicalchange. The Postal Code is the key to the automa- ’ tion program and the system will not work unless 77 per cent of all mail is ultimately . / coded. The automation and modernization prog. ram in the Post Office started as a result of recommendations contained in “A Blueprint for Change”, a massive government study on the Post Office completed in 1969 for then ,Pos tmaster General, Eric Rierans . The program, which has already started, calls for the expenditure of more than one billion dollars on buildings and equipment in 27 urban centres. The spending is concentrated mainly in Toronto and Montreal as more than half the country’s mail passes through these two centres. The automation and mechanization program involves the use of very sophisticated machinery. The frst step in the automated process is the Culler Facer Cancellorwhich cancels and faces mail all one way in preparation for sorting. 1 It also rejects any mail thicker thanthreei eighths of an inch, with bent coiners or mail i ‘containing anything such as a paper clip or staple. It also rejects any mail small& than The Post Office allows a system of private three and one half inchesby five and.one half . ’ mail carriers to operate in violation of the ( inches or larger than six inches by- ten mmonopoly provisions ofthe Post Office Act. ches. All rejected mail is sorted manually. Corporate- and communications companies Mail then proceeds to the coding suites using these systems are mostly immune from where operators read the postal code, if the postal strikes. These companies operate at mail has one, and key the code on the letters the expense of the taxpayer who must supso it can be translated by the Letter Sorting port the Post Of&e’s many non-profitable Machines. It does this by placing small yeloperations. low bars on the envelopes. The introduction of automated technology Mail is then sentthrough the Letter Sortwill mean many things to Postal Workers. ing Machine whichcan sort 23,500letters per The primary result will be a-reduction in the hour. to , 288 different locations. The workforce. While the union knows this is machine’s programming can be changed to inevitable it wants to see; it done through run the letters through several times for a\ attrition rather than masslayoffs. finer sortation. This, is the main reason why they want Full automation, which will follow the articles on job security in their contract. completion of the mechanization process, The machinery could also meana reducinvolves the introduction of the Optical tion in Postal Workers classifications. The Character Reader. This is the ultimate in Post Office-tried to do this in 1974 when it automated mail sortation machinery and will . said that all workers operating coding suites eventually replace the key coders and mgnwould be given a new classification P.O. 1 ual sorters. ratherthanaP.0.4. y Using computer programming and elec- ’ This would have meant a’loss of $.54 per tronic scanning devices it can translate hour in wages. This unilateral Post Office typewritten postal codes at the rate of 30,000 declaration plunged the Post Office into a i6 letters per hour, and put the yellow bars on day strike before the coder job description the envelopes. Fromthe OCR the letters go was enlarged and their salary made kquivalent to a manual sorter. to the LSM for sorting. In order to stop any repetition of these This automation program will be supplemented by an extensive mechanization of moves by the Post Office the union wantsjob classification protections in its contract. mail handling facilities. Mail will be moved The union also’believes that the introducby containerized transport, a machine- will _ em,pty and shake out mailbags and conveyor tion of automation should bring some posisystems will move the mail inside the plant. tive benefit to the workers in the indusky\’ Machines will also be introduced which can automated. ‘Instead automation is being car- ’ 1

’ Automation

’

Canada’s Labor Climate

’

The labor climate in Canada has also led to 0 a great deal of tension in this year’s negotiations. Thegovernment is dusting off many tactics which it hasn’t touched in years in an attempt to defeat the Postal Workers. The Postal Workers struggle could set important precedents for the rest of the Public Service and organized labor as a whole. The stage has been setwith a large, militantand highly visible union matched against the federal government. Because of the federal government’s attempts to\introduce and maintain certain ideas, it must make a strong stand in front of the public. It must show the public that it is in control even at the cost-of the Postal Workers justifiable demands. -Wage increases i.n the public service tend ,to do two things. They are used as a measuring stick for other public service unions and for workers in the private sector. For this reason the government must make sure that Postal Workers do not receive a large wage “increase. The issue of automation, while it has *been introduced into some parts of the private sector has not been as noticeable before. The Post Office is the first highly visible service, with a large work force being automated. For this reason the government must define exactly what the relationship between workers and automation must be. We are beginning to see, by the government’s present attitude, that automation is not meant to benefit workers . . .-’ If CUPW wins the right to negotiate automation and gains some good protections from the effects of automation in its contract then workers ‘in both the public and private sectors will stat-tasking for the same thing. The Postal Workers demands for full job security in the face of the present heavy unemployment would also create a precedent for Canadian working people, but it is undoubtedly contrary to the ,govemment’s unemployment policy. . . In order to defeat the union, the govern-ment, through the 3Postmaster General; Bryce Mackasey, has mounted an increasingly bitter attack on the union’s leadership in an attempt todivide it from the membership. However, the union’s membership fully supports its leadership. ,The leadership is only carrying out the policies and mandates ’ passed by the membership. All contract demands come from membership -wage ‘and contract committees. The demands are then collected .and presented to the membership for rat&?&ion. The membership approved of the demands by an 87.4 per cent vote. ’ In some cases the confrontation takes an even more direct route as in Montreal where the Post Office.provoked a situation in order to fire or give long term suspensions to more than 80 Postal Workers; most of them union officials and give out one day suspensions to more than 1,000 Postal Workers. This was done to deprive one of the strongest CUPW locals of its leadership and to tryto split the union along English-French lines. - 1 The Postmaster General hasalso tried to split the union by appealing directly to the membership. He has promised many things to the Postal Workers in ‘public that his negotiating team steadfastly refuses to give CUPW at the bargaining table. It also refuses to put any of Mackasey’s promises in the collective agreement where it counts. Mackasey has ‘threatened to close down the Pogt Office for three months in an at- ~ tempt to intimidate the workers. This threat though is no more than a bluff as the cost to the country’s economy would be enormous. But whatever happens the confrontation between CUPW and the federal government bromises to be long and bitter. The union believes in its demands and must attain them this year; The government is committed to seeing the union gets nothing.

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forms, cance ’

ps.i

.r L$l’

--p

-a

d--

>’

-sc-ience-,in

fia

L --.

---

. friday, October lO,l!h5

including many with- technological signifisuch as the standardization of weights -and

sm~~d~to the Confutianists the Legalists mounted the--stage of history as the political representatives of the rising land-lord class in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Vigorous reformers in their time, they advocated change and progress and thus played an active role in promoting the people’s struggle to transform na-ture. China’s water conservancy work made several big achievements during that period, showing progress and improvement in engineering techniques. These projects were built by the working people and embodied their wisdom. This serves as evidence that -- the Legalist ideologi6al and political line helped the development of production and science and tech

This article was originally prepared for the science section of this&per. A/though the article deals with “Science in China”, the fundamental principals discussed, apply to every aspect of Chinese society. ’ “Pi Lin Pi-Kung” is a slogan describing the presentlextention of the Great Cultural Revolqtion. The campaign focuses on the traditional values which have hindered prowss in ”China for many centuries, and are ascribedlo Kung Fu-Tse (Confucius). I no&w As integral pirt of the campaign, Confucianism ib compared to Liu Piao’s desire, foi”capita/ist restoralion of the The Chinese people gained a rich knowledge of Soviet type”. Confucius and Lin are both portrayed as wanting Iule by the few over the many, basea’ on the - __nature m their prolonged struggle against it. This exploitation and suppression of,the labouring people. _ - Ienabled the Legalist thinkers to gradually sum up the China may be viewed as a socialist country on-the road to establish a communist society. The Chinese find , materialist view of nature and use natural science as themselves in a transition period, practicing “Dictatorship bf the proletariate”. ly, the absence of private a weapon in their long-fight against the reactionary ownership of the means of production, the vast majority of the people are p&t of the proletariate. Thus, there is idealist thinking of the Confucian school. simply rule of the many over the few. A// acti$ies are therefore geared to serve the needs of the majority of Around 300 B.C.E. a representative of the . Chinese, including scientific and technological innovations. Legalist school cl~~.~-l.y pointed out the need of .difThis summary by C. Eisler leans heavily on the following three articles; Science in China Today by Rose ‘ferentiating the functions of man and nature. He - Sheinin; The impact of the New Revolutionary Movement on Science in China by David Chambers and Rachel recognized the fact that nature is an objective reality Faggetter; Struggle Betweec Confucian and Legqlist Schools a&Ancient China’s Science and Technology by Li and its movement follows its own laws independent Chun. of the political situation in human society. -.The first two articles mentioned. appeared iq a Canadian journal fqr science ar$ technology, Science forum. On the basis-= careful study of natural Dr. Sheinin is assoc@e profeSsor of medical biophysics at the University of Toronto. Dr. Chambers is associate phenomena and analysis of the causes of the four professor in history of science at Concordia University in Montreal: Rachel faggetter is a gr-aduate in Chinese i seasons, a materialist thinker in the Eastern Han history from McGill University in Montreal. -dynasty pointed out: when the sun is nearer the The Chinese experience shows that the political and ideological framework determines the_ value to society of North Pole, days are longer and nights shorter; any activity, including those of scientific and technological nature. Therefore, it is argued;po/itica/ debate must hence summer. When the sun is farther from the - be an impqrtant part of science, engineering, and technological education. North Pole, days are shorter and nights longer;

hence winter. This refuted the fallacy spread by a representative of the Confucian school in the Western Han dynasty that the four seasons represented the happiness, anger, sorrow and joy of “heaven”. creations were cast into’oblivion and scientific and . Twenty six years after liberation, the People’s. Legalists put forth the proposition that the uniRepublic of China is still deeply involved in a retechnological progress was greatly blocked. Many verse consists of matter, exists in infinite space and volutionary mass movement under the slogan ‘Pi very valuable scientific works of ancient China were is in perpetual motion. Around~lOOO B.C.E. a reLin Pi Kung’ (Criticize- Lin Piao, criticize Conlost owing to-contempt and persecution - by Confu-. , former in the Northern Sung dynasty pointed out in fucius). This movement is an extension of the Culcian thinking. explicit terms : “Heaven and earth have no connectural Revolution. No aspect of life in China can be According to the bibliography of the History of tion with man; eclipses and earthquakes have their properly interpreted and understood without some the Early Han Dynasty, there were seven medical natural laws and should not be feared.” r study of the Pi Lin Pi Kung campaign. treatises and eleven -collections of prescriptions at Legalist representatives explained nature in terms The activities are both a further consolidation of that time. But after the Han dynasty (25-220 C.E.), of nature itself and arrived at materialist conclusions plans for China’s revolutionary development and an when the Confucian line became dominant, all were on many important questions. Applying what the I attempt to root out the remainders of China’s pre- y-lost except The Yellow Emperor’s Manual of Internatural sciences had achieved, they-critic&d the liberation social order. nal Medicine. The same happened to many agriculP theory of “the mandate of heaven- and. the idealist r - view on nature held by the Conhrcianists, and encouraged people to get to know nature and transform it. Thus they paved the way ideologically .for the ’ development of the natural sciences. - The legalists did not and could-not go beyond the confines of the idealist conception of-their-historical and class limitations. However, they persisted in reform and progress, paid more attention to the practical experience of the masses in production and had simple materialist and dialectic views. What was characteristic of Legalist scientists was that, as Engels described, they ‘“almost all live and pursue their activities. in the midst of the contemporary move- ments, in the practical struggle; they take sides.and join in the fight..” ’ , Lenin pointed out: “Not for nothing has it been said cthat were the truths of mathematics to affect the interests of classes in their struggle, those truths _ would be heatedly challenged.” = . Tsu Chung-chih, a progressive scientist in the fifth century C.E:, worked out in 462 a new calendar (Ta’ Ming calendar). Breaking with traditional concepts, he improved on-calculating the leap-year and was first to take into consideration the precession of the equinoxes in compiling a calendar. But, taking the Confucian standpoint, the court favoured Tai Fahsing, who said that “the calendar wasdrawn up by ,the ancients and cannot be changed even if there Students must develop morally, intellectually and physically to be&me workers tiith socialist consci&ness were mistakes’ ’ and that “no ordinary man can , and culture. measure the movement of the moon.” tural books from that period. Tsu C-hung-chih refuted him: “When we know there are mistakes in the ancient calendar, it would Confucianists follow the line that ‘everything is Confucius (Kung Fu Tsz. 551-479 B.C.E.*) bebe utterly absurd to use it forever?l%e motion of the decided by heaven’, which means that they can only longed through his origins to. a decadent and have an-adverse and destructive effect on the demoon follows certain laws and is not governed- by traditionalist class which had been the right handof velopment of science and technology. fairies or demons. It can be, measured and calcureligious‘ power. The nobility found that its power The, Confusianist hated all-new things and oplated.” He was accused of ‘ ‘slandering heaven and was threatened by social upsets. Confucius sugposed all progressive scientific thinking. After’ going against the. orthodox way.” After repeated gested that, in order to keep its position, the nobility Copernicus’s heliocentric theory spread to China, struggles, the Ta Ming calendar finally won official found its power on moral -authorityinsteadI of they clung to the principle that “the law of heaven is adoption in 510, ten years after the death of Tsu hereditary claims. . too profound and-complicated to be understood- by Chung-chih. For 2000 yearsphilosophical thought in China was man.” They accused Copernicus of “turning things based on Confucianism and was therefore entirely (1949) upside-down and confusing motion with rest” and the prerogative of the scholar-official classes. Repstating that his theory was “heretical and deviating The tradition of excellence-in fundamental and resenting these reactionary classes and declining from the and should not be ac. applied science goes back a very long way in Political forces in historv. the Confucian school s . . true’ teachings Chinese history. It embraces the original discovery cepted.” pushed a political line of &rogression. How similar-this is to. Western religious idealism of incompatibility of blood groups, the earliest rec’ “Death to those who mislead the people with their which distorted advances in science to spread conognition of magnetic polarity, and- the cre,ation of marvel&s skill and instruments .” “A. superior fusion and mysticism. cast iron, porcelain and the printing press, to name man looks down upon all kinds of handibut a few examples. , craftsmen. ’ ’ These were the ideas propounded by -- Of the many accomplishments of the/present, sufConfucianist scholars. Not all leaders in China’s long past were Confice it to mention thefirst chemical synthesis of Under this reactionary rule, the &ents of’ the fucianists . The current campaign praises a school of insulin-in 1965, the identification of a novel ring Chinese people were stifled, their inventions and reformers known as the Legalists, who were tradistructure in the plant alkaloid, rorifone, the launchtionally held in low esteem-by Chinese historians. ing of a space satellite, and the recent detonation of a * As a c&tribution to effocs,to rid our culture from Legalism is associated with the fllrst Emperor of hydrogen bomb. ‘I Confucian-like myths, we have adopted-C.E. (corn‘Chin, who in about 220 B.C.E. burned Confucian The liberation, culminating in 1949, brought-with mon era) and, B.C.E. (before common-era) as subs& --classics and is now -admired it a profound reorganization of the economic, polititutes for the traditjonal notations B.C. and A. D. I-- for his progressive re1- , -

Science and Confucianism

Science after liberation

Science and the Legalists

cal; and social strut Cultural Revolutio: spread reworking o A new stage, the fust signalled by ai renegade. vice:c hair Party, who reporter - while fleeing the CC d’etat. Lin was denounc delivered to the pal I gust 1973. From tha Lin’s betrayal of tht as yet seemingly u Confucius that had the press. However New Year message Confucius.is“a co1 Lin Piao” thus laun paign. Lin-Piao’s tr as an integral part oi which so hindered Political study ; laboratories, univel and neighbourhood condemn the many that. have survived Confucian disdain the beliefin separat head, have come in Similarly, the idea t lowest stupid” is -dc idealist view of histc to be reflected in tl scientists and schol thing to learn from Academics and ir try thus attempt to ties by performing

An army wherl practise and critic the people in a I political discussic These are the Green, to descril world”. About 150 pear of Green’s films. series made by th careful shots and information into I The films were celebration of the The point Gree -a lack-of the spil though the Chine: their western co strength and disc From its incept axiom of “serve 1 serve the people throwing the Chia Its ability to se today its relations - Green points 01 number about 3 n ships, it is consid attack. Though th of 800 million Gre --

. day,

October 10,197!$

the-institutes of physics, question posed was ‘-‘Of two mugs holding the same - From combined work-with , quantity of tea, why does the‘one in which the radius chemistry, and biophysics in Peking, the . .organic equals the height use the least raw material?” The three-dimensional structure is emerging from x-ray - . practical problem was one of economizing - on raw crystallogaphic . analysis. The mission oriented materials, the scientific problem was that of solving heading embraces the study of plant- viruses, polyI peptide hormones, the action of polynucleotides in _ the maximum and minimum -- _value of a mathematics function. seed germination;. and the action of chemical and The policy of tight integration of science with _. biological antitumor agents. * ’ A very fine example of applied work is found in economic goals is bearing fruit at many levels. One happy example is the participation of science in the this institute. In the early phases ,of the insulin work, large amounts of amino acids were required. Pi-ocer development of natural resources. Chinese . dures for theisolation, synthesis, andchamcterisa- biologists , geographers, geologists , and others are tion of these compounds were worked out, and put engaged in re-discovering, describing, and catalogu. into effect in a small plant. This has blossomed into a ing the flora, fauna, mineral caeposits, and the separate academy institute,‘the Pharmaceutical Ingeophysical and geographic face of-the whole counsome four to five . try. Under the auspices of the social sciences, ’ stitute, which now -produces hundred chemicals for use by institutes and depart- -China’s pleontological and archaeological heritage -merits in Shanghai and often-farther afield. . is at last being uncovered. The life of a scientist in China became quite differ: Specific examples are provided, over andI over ent from what it once was. I% is required to spend again, in chemistry departments of universities and several month7 working in a related or even unreresearch institutes. Working from clues provided by lated practical area. This sabbaticalserves two purthe traditions of Chinese herbal medicine, organic poses : the one to farhiliarize the scientist with pracchemists have applied themselves to the extraction of pharmacologically active agents. from local flora r tical problems. of production, which required solvand fauna. I ing; the-other to permit the scientist to teach fundaThe past twenty-six years have seen’remarkable: mental theory to applied practitioners. ._ .A simple example is the plant’ geneticist, gone to achievements by Chinese scientists, in the.face of severe technical shortages resulting from economic _ -the country to teach fundamentals of plant breeding restrictions, and from isolation from the intema- ’ and to discover what characteristics could most usetional scientific community imposed by internal and fully be bred into the local rice variety. The latter As a reading of ‘several recent information served for the establishment of a re- I external conditions. ,. search problem upon return to academia. publications willtestify, these have been mostvisi_ ble in terms of the practical problems whit h required -Traditional teaching materials and concepts have ’ almost all been discarded. New ones are being forsolution: feeding and &ring for the health of the . mulated to satisfy not only scientific requirements,people and providing a solid industrial base for the but.%lso those witha political and economic base. An economy. Fundamental research, without which \ example of reworked material was recently forthprogress in the ‘applied sector cannot aroceed, alcoming Tom _Tsinghua University, in Peking, a though not a major priority in itself, has not been major focus ‘early in the culturalrevolution. . The’ neglected and is -now gaining strength. ’

China filnis: L how the army -serves-the people

only don’t salute officers, but stop rmy which grows its own food, helps >ortant ways, and one which holds

3 which led British journalist Felix . ly as “an army like no other in the sits 145 Thurs’. 25 Sept. to view two 1rmy and Self Reliance afe two of a in a five month visitto china. Using short sentences Green tightly packed :kages of twenty minutes. Canada-China.Friendship Society in ry of the People’sRepublic of China. 1People’s Arniy is that though there is iscipline found in other forces, and ‘t have the sophisticated weaponry of is ,nevertheless an army of great ‘s army has been organised on Mao’s he army was born out of the need to. le Japanese imperialists, and overrgime. was crucial to its success then, and snts is what gives it its strength. experts believe the Chinese army to h no heavy bombers or large battleu-my designed to defend rather than iers is considered small for a country t the training given to the peasants by

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week, and also by-g&rig to work in factories or on communes at regular intervals to “rectify their style of work.” +-. Moreover, there hasbeen renewed insistence on the absolute necessity to unite theory and practice in the work of all professionals and intellectuals. This includes, of course, scientists and engineers, who are urged to concentrate their experimental work on serving the expressed needs of the workers and peas1 major addresses ants and on increasing industrial and agricultu~production. While scientific work is-not only conlgress held in Aulit denunciation of fined to research of immediate practical utility, the B widespread, but revolutionary priorities of industrial and agricultural o the criticism of moderriization are continually stressed. :ar sporadically in The Chinese are careful to pointout that the cam-paign has nowhere lowered agricultural, industrial, 9 1974, the Party’s that criticism of Olscientific production. Qn the I contrary, of the criticism of . they claim that the impetus and enthusiasm created by the movement have contributed to higher producLin Pi Kung camities are described tion and to increases in the number of technical ry tradition, which innovations. Thisis-in answer to suggestions that opment ; too much time is spent by academics with political study and physical labour. stories, scientific units, communes, The general ,priorities in science are established rly to anaiyze and by a committee of the, State Council for science and Confucian thought technology. This is made up of representatives of ars of socialism. the Chinese Academy of Sciences and from specific and peasants, and, ministries of health, forestry,Tgriculture, heavy inhand and work by dustry, mining, etc.-At the regional level are municiy heavy criticism.pal, county, and provinEiZ bureaus for science and stare wise and the - technology, the function of which is to establish ‘ ‘reactionary and practical priorities dictated by need&f local agriculnudes are thought ture, industry, and he&h care delivery systems. isolation of those The natural sciences as practised-in the institutes s if they have noof the Academy of Sciences range from’pufely basic jeople. through mission-oriented to directly applied. ’ oughout the counAn excellent example is provided by the Biochemistry Institute of Shanghai. At the fundabourgeois tendenlr several hours a mental end is the structural analysis of pig-insulin.

auntry . The Great launched a wideframework. ng campaign, was late Lin Piao, the hinese Communist dane crash in l97I n attempted’ coup

the army and the close relationship between the two provide the People’s Republic with an “immense defense indepth”. e The film has scenes of soldiers helping peasants plant rice, of an army medical team providing a village with some extra health care, and of soldiers working side by side with officers and peasants carvingirrigations channels out of the soil. This use of the army is contrasted with the chronic underemployrnent of Western armies. On the day to day life in the forces Green never sawasoldier salute an officer. The officers wear no speciai‘uniforms and are all chosen fromthe ranks. They eat in the same mess as the soldiers and share the same social status. Political discussion groups, where the works of Marx, Lenin and Mao are used, are a normal part of army life. One of the- most striking scenes in Green’s film is of a group of soldiers who stop their mortar practice to criticise their officer for not fully-explaining his orders. But that type of atmospheresays Green, does not effect the discipline of any army which won liberation in 1949, defeated the American forces in Korea and the Indian army in 1962.The Chinese army also grows its ‘a-wn food. This chairman Mao says has several advantages : it lessens the burden on the peasants, and it also means that they don’t have the product of their hard work \ carried off by the army. But the most striking point in this fii is how the Chinese army contrasts the C,anadian forces. While the Chinese army’s strength-comes from its service to the people, the power of Canadian forces seem to be based on its ability to . , control the people. Last January Joe Morris, president of the Canadian Labour Con-

It is traditional in China forthe local army camps the villagers and host the New Year celebratiofis. -7

to. open- tbeir gates to This graphic, taken

kern a Chinese children’s c@ebra tions. _-. .

book,

‘I

gress complained toprime minister Trudeau about a co&-o! exercise which portrayedimaginary rioters as trade unionists . the exercise conducted at Damp Debert, Nova-Scotia, involved m$itia members from three Maritime military units,. Two field squadrons from Camp Gagetown, N.B. were depicted as “striking or dissident workers against the fictitious- Andrewville Aviation Company.”

’ Morris

wrote to the prime minister saying-. L. 1 “Not only does the congress formally protest this disgusting display but it wishes to know if this is now your government’s policy and if this type ofbehaviour is to be expected in the future. ” Since then there have been other incidents which indicate-that the government is prepared to pit its armed detachments against the people. Last wEk the Quebec police, in full riot gear, confronted protesting farmers at the opening of Mirabelairport. The farmers,’ protesting that they hadn’t been compensated sufficiently for their land which lies under concrete with a Concorde on ,top, claimed that a tear gas shell was fired at them. And many native people left parliament hill-with sore heads, last October, when the-government introduced its new highly trained riot squad to the Indian caravan. W&t is becoming increasingly clear is that’ the armed wings of the government arenot at the service of the people butat the disposal of the Canadian monopoly capitalists and the US imperialist companies who have developed or polluted the native people’s land and the farmers soil, and who are prepared to use the armed power of the state to deal with workers. -neil

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After the disappointing game air& York and U. of T. the Warrs finally pulled their game’tothei to upset Brock by an increde score of 35-10. 1n September 27, Waterlo& met Irk at Columbia field. The result s a 15-6 win for York. The-Wart-s had numerous scoring mces in the first and second ves but were unable to capitalize them. York played an intelligent ne and the breaks seemed to fall :ir way as they were awarded ee penalty kicks in front of the rights. Late in the second Kalf : Yeoman ran in from the fifteen -d line on a peel for a t@. Ralph -chow kicked the two Warrior lalties . October 1 saw the Warriors vel to Varsity Stadium, where

; of action underthe

the Warriors lost a heart breaking game 9-3. Characteristi&lly , U. of T. gained the advantage-early in the game on a fifteen yard penalty kick. Waterloo’ carried the ball down to the U. of T. one yard line several times but failed to carry the -ball over it. In both games thXforwardsseem&d to miss the presence of pack leader Ken Brown who left the York game early due to a head injury and was unable to play at U. of T. Saturday October 5, saw the Warriors playing at Brock on a bright and sunny day. Coach Humpheries sm his backfield and because of injuries he had five new players in his line-up. This seemed of little consequence as the team romped over Brock 35-10. The influx of new play&s, if anything,

basket during the opening night for fnen’s intr&ura~

‘,oCcer. Warrior’s

seemed to spark the team back to life. .Once again Waterloo’s opponents opened the scoring with an early penalty field goal kick. Waterloo responded with the same, as Jarchow kicked the ball through the uprights. Early in the first half Waterloo began to dominate -the game and this continued until the final whistle. Dave Haynes set up the Warriors ‘first try as he broke from a loose and carried the ball thirty-five . yards to the Brock one yard line. From the strum the ball went through the wing to SRegan who reversed the field and fed the ball to Dyer who gave off to Issacs who - __powered the ball over from the five. The second Warrior try came off another set strum on the Brock tw&ty-five. Jarchow and Regan . -.

basketball.

performed a picture book- scissor after the lin&o+ which- gaire the Warriors their field position. The ball went from the set- strum to Fukishima, .Jarchow and Watson on a miss out. Watson-carried the ball in for four .points and then -kicked the two point conversion. Brock scored their ‘only try shortly before the half closed. . . to say the least it was’ questionable. Brock put a kick in the air fi-om the Warrior’s forty-five, the ball bounced on the twenty-five, an offside Brock player knocked the ball on and picked it up for the try. The half ended 13-3. Waterloo had won six of the seven strums ‘with the head and three of the five against the head, eleven of fifteen Warrior lineouts and nine of the eleven Brock litieouts. Carson Paine and Mark dominated the lineouts and the loose rucks and continued to do so in the second half. Waterloo began the second half with a spectacular drive. Brock kicked deep into the Waterloo one yard line. John Issacs picked the ball up and after a fake kick ran for fifty yards through the Br‘ock team as he was brought down he fed the ball to Jarchow who gave it to Dyer and Issacs was there again to support-him and carry the ball over. In another five minutes Waterloo was once again tapping on Brsck’s door step. Dave Haynes and the forwards had marched down the field with the- ball only to have it brought down on the five yard line. Bob Lazer remedied that as he picked up the ball from a set strum on the blind side and dove ov& for a forward try. Wip Watson kicked another conversion. The next try was another Jarchow, Dyer, Issacs combination as Jarchow kicked an up and under which he picked back up and pas-

sed to Dyer. Dyer ran the ball to the three yard line and put up a high pass for Issacs. Issacs ran in his third try of the day. Watson kicked his-third convert. Waterloo’s final try came on a great one man effort. Brock kicked the ball t_o the Warrior twenty-five, Art Steibrians picked it up and barrelled down the field- through the Brock team. He broke four tackles and ran away from his support for a seventy-five -yard try. Watson conv&ted. WaterToo’s game was the best its ever been. The fon&rds tid the backs did their jobs in perfect balance. The forwards manhandled Brock and our backs fan around them. It was a superb team effort each player playing his own game. Ifthe Warriors continue to keep their penalties under control they will not lose another game.. It’s a tribute to the team that in fourgames they have allowed only two tries.

--photo by grant macfarlane

win *---;-

.a$ Saturday was a good day for liams had one of the best chances Filion scored his second goal of UW Soccei Warriors as they for Waterloo in the-half as he had a the game when he took a pass from Iroved their record to 2-l-1 by partial breakaway Tom Dabrowski after a scramble in on the Brock Eating the Brock Badgers 4-O. goal, but Gary Zalot came out to front of the Brock goal, and put his bough the final outcome didn’t block his host. ,The best scoring shot in the f& right side of the net. w it, the Warriors did have difchance of the half was a penalty Zenon Moszora closed out the shot awarded to the Warriors. llties scoring in the early going scoring for the Wariiors wheq he he game. Dave Grundy , who said he “hadn’t received a pass- corn Luiti Circelli missed one in years”, had his shot and broke *in alone on &e Brock ‘he first half ended in a scoreless blocked by the Brock goalie when goal to score. as the W&riofs had problems he shot close to the keeper. And so Thepace slowed down after the ing the ball in close to the Brock went Grundy’s list of penalty shots - fourth goal as the Warriors tightI. The blame for the unproducthat never missed. ened up to help preserve,Marcus first half could go to the fact second half was all Klein’s shutout. The final score a certain unnamed player ar- _ The Waterloo’s as the Warriors opened was Waterloo 4, Brock 0. Id a half hour late for the bus. the scoring-in the first minute. After The soccer team plays two s fact and heavy traffic allowed the ball had hit the crossbar and one games every weekend for the next btisZo arrive five minutes after the post, Bert Van Hout finally put the three weeks. This Saturday ;off time. ball in the net to get the team going. team travels to Toronto to play the he &me -was fairly evenly From then ofi the Warriors conglues, and r&urns home for a Sunched for the first half, with both tinuedto pressure-the Badgers, and day game at Seagram Stadium )s having good opportunities to took control of the game. A few against Laurentian. Kickoff time is -e. Waterloo controlled most of minutes l‘ater Brian Filion took a 2:00 pm. ,The team could use your midfield play but Bi-ock chalpass from Mike Mohan and from support, so if you don’t go home for ;ed the Warriors continuously twenty-fiveyards out, drove the Thanksgiving weekend, come to thus hampered any attack the ball into the upper left corner putthegame, it should be worthwhile. -riors t&tied to make. Gerry WiIting the Warriors ahead, 2-O: -@son miller

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friday, october

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Marathon. tomorrow The 4th annual KitchenerWaterloo Oktoberfest Marathon, a race of 26 miles, 385 yards (42.195 kilometers) will be held on Saturday October 11 at 1 :OO- pm at Seagram’s Stadium in Waterloo. Last year Tom Howard 0f.B.C. won in an exciting duel with Brian Armstrong. He set a course record of 2:17.59. In 1972 the winner was Doug Scorrer of Ottawa in 2:27.04 and in 1973 Arthur Taylor of Kitchener-Waterloo was first in 2:27.02.

.The race has become a very popular one in that the number-of entries has grown significantly each year. This year about 220 runners are expected to comez to the line. *

Such runners as Brian Armstrong of Toronto, last year’s second place finisher, who has run a 2:13 marathon; Andy Boychuk who was 10th at Boston last year in 2:16 and was gold medalist in the 1%7 Pan American Games marathon; Doug Scorrer who was in the top six in 1974’s Oktoberfest, was runner-up in 1973 and won in 1972; Arthur Taylor, Canada’s top masters marathoner and 1973 winner are expected to be present. Also a four-man team, all between 2:20 and 2:25 are expected and to repeat as team champions. A marathon run in under 2:20 is considered to be of national calibre.

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Tom-Howard, last year’s winner will not be present since he is competing in the Pan American Games in Mexico in a weeks time. Also, Jerome Drayton: long regarded as Canada’s top marathoner, will not be competing. Neither will Bruce Kidd who has been inactive the past month due to a foot injury. This year the race will not be starting and finishing on the UW campus. The start will be by the railway crossing on Seagram Drive and the finish will be on the track at Seagram’s Stadium. The course will go up Seagram Drive, south on Albert to Caroline, turn at King and William and head north on King to Albert, to Weber and out into the countryside via Conestoga Road. The runners will run in a large loop in the country, going through the West Montrose covered bridge and then back to Seagram’s Stadium via King Street and Central Street. Bob Lazenby, the course+chairman, said: “the course is not the same as last year, as it is not as hilly as it was. It is not as hilly as Boston or the Montreal Olympic course but it is still rated as a very tough course.” He also commented that he expected, this year’s race to be very fast. Bob, who is running again this year, said: “the course was changed for two reasons. . . one to give a loop downtown and second to make it better for spectators .”

Oncx+ upon a time, in the summer of 1814, a tiny street was formed in the’town of Berlin. And it was called Moyer Place. Over the years, as Berlin grew larger and changed its name, Moyer Place slowly started to disappear into the hustle and bustle of big city business. Until 1975. . .when it was rebuilt and called Market Villqe.

VILLAGE

Bob went on to say: “after the marathoners start there will be three races for joggers that start and finish at Seagrams. They should be over just about when the first marathoners are expected, giving a very entertaining afternoon.” This year, in accordance with new rules, times will be given every five kilometers. This will force runners to convert from the familiar minutes per mile to the unfamiliar minutes per kilometer in order to judge their running pace accurately. However division markers will be painted on the road marking every mile.

Athenas

Since the race is a nation; championship and the master (runners over 40) championship CFTA national championshi medals will be awarded to the to six Canadians and there will b awards to the top six masters. Th top 18 runners will receive the Ok toberfest Marathon awards. Als all runners finishing the tours under four hours will receive a cei tificate with their official time rt corded. There will not be any awards t the top female runners. eve though the race is open to bot male and female. -stephen

field hockey

The annual Early Bird Tournament for the Field Hockey team was held last weekend at University of Guelph. The Athenas under the direction of coach Judy McCrae, have been faced with the same problem throughout this fall season. “People are not going to score on us easily this year; however, we are sure having our troubles with our own scoring.” After two full days of shortened games, the Athenas gained two wins, 4 ties and a one loss record. “All the girls are working extremely hard physically and all efforts are dedicated ones. The difficulty this year is that we have many inexperienced members this year and thus our game plan is still shakey.” The I team’s starting positions have still not been made definitely and thus many combinations of people are still being tried.

Waterloo 2 - McGill 2 Two good scoring opportunities resulted in two goals by Janet Helm and Marie, the inside forwards. The Athenas led 2 - 1 until a costly defensive error sent the McGill offense up for their tying goal. ‘ ‘Against an’ experienced and mature McGill group, although a- tie -it was a win for us.”

Waterloo 2-Qu’een’s 1 Rookie right wing Shara Highgate scored her first goal of the season from a strong left wing Patti Owen pass. The second goal was a goal mouth scramble and reward to Marie Miller. The &henas dominated this game from start to finish.

Waterloo &Toronto 0 Waterloo had their usual goo game against\ the defending leagu champions from University of Tc ronto. The game was wide ope with goalie Beth Huether keepin the Athenas in a good position t match up against the Toronto crew Strong efforts by fullback JoAnn Rowlandson and halfbacks Shirle Robertson and Cheryl Mangolt.

Waterloo O-McMast’e 1 A tired group of Athenas jut couldn’t keep pace with th McMaster group and one errc caused the goal.

Water& 1-Westein 0 Janet Helm failed to convert a pel alty shot situation but came back i score the only Waterloo goal.

Waterloo 0 - York 0 This game was the game of chanct and penalty corners with neithc team able to convert in the go area.

Waterloo I- Guebh ‘

The University of Guelph gkls e: erted good pressure on the Athen; while the Waterloo girls bare1 hung on to the 1 - 1 tie. Carolir Heslop, rookie inside forward COI verted a Marie Miller centerir pass. At the tournament end, Waterlo ties for second place with Queen behind a tied first place finish be .ween McGill and Toronto.

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of This

Week

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friday,

October

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rts: in Basketball This Fall’s Competitive Basketball Programme is the largest single competitive team event with a total of 44 teams entered in three leagues. In A-league, 4 of 7 games were decided-in the_last minute of play, while the other three games St. Jerome’s .‘A’ were romps.

mural -_

Alufahons and CC and 0,T.H.G. appear to be the teams to watch. B-league games were not generally as close as those in A-Division, as many games were decided by ten points or more. The summer B-league finalists, the Pheasants, are back in action, and they will be tough to defeat. However, V2 EE, Renison Rats and E.S.S. all won by

big scores and it will take a few games to sort out the top contenders. C-league is being offered for the first time, this term, and two of three games were decided by less than ten points. One game was a total wipe-out as St. Jerome’s ‘0’ team was walloped 60-4~ by St. Jerome’s ‘C’ team.

All Curlers

University of Waterloo curling gets under way at the K-W Granite Club on Agnes Street, Kitchener, at the following times : Mon., Oct. 20,4:00-6:00 pm Tues., Oct. 21,10:30-12:30 am Thurs., Oct. 23,10:30-12:30am All curlers must attend at least once

during this first week. Bring $10.00 for membership for the term, or your receipt if you have already paid. Nobody will be allowed to curl without his/her receipt.

Co-ed Volleyball Only 2 out of the46 teams failed to show last Wednesday, as the first’ night went over with great success and a lot of fun. Close to 500 kids showed some fine form and finesse in the art of volleyball skills.

Rec. Co-ed Slow Pitch

Due to their overwhelming strength at the plate, “Campus All-Stars”, a powerhouse in true baseball fashion, defeated another strong team, -“Frobisher Bay Penquins”, 21-18, last Sunday at Columbia Field. That win gave them the title in the open Slow Pitch Tournament. Third place went to Math.

Thanksgiving cancellations

Saturday, October 11 X -Kinder Swim -Kinder Gym -Diving Sunday, October 12 -Bronze, Distinction, Diploma Monday, October 13 -Squash -Judo -Instructional Swimming

Dates to Remember 1

Intramural football is ‘not to be taken lightly, as illustrated in this game between the Poontangs and Eng. Elect. The pressure may be less than that of

Volleyball The Men’s -Power

tryouts sociation,

Volleyballwon the League team, which championships, is returning with 6 of last year’s 12 players. Much fresh talent has already emerged from the new students on campus. A new coach has also come upon the scene. He is Dr. Wes Sime from Kinesiology-Health Studies . He brings with him considerable playing and coaching experience from the United States Volleyball As-

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the All-Army Volleyball Team and the University of Pittsburgh. Speed and aggressiveness will be the trademark of this team. Competition begins with the Waterloo Invitational Tournament on Nov. 1st. Tryouts for the team will continue for a couple of weeks. Check the gymnasium schedule in PAC for practice times (generally 4:30 or 6:OOp.m.) on Court 3.

h&i Motor Hotel-w-

varsity ball but the agility and concentration graceful poses of the competitors.

Friday, October 17, is the entry date for any of you who are interested in taking part in the Eng. Challenge Run which is to be held on October 19, at 1:30 p.m. at Seagrams. Entries are to be turned in at the Intramural Office-PAC , early Friday.

Science Society Oraanizational

Meetina

Wednesday,

Oct. 15

--u-

- --,-u

5 pm- sharp Sci Sot Office Chem I 253 B , All persons interested in Sci Sot activities should attend. All year reps andcourse club representatives are requested to be there. Topics for discussion:

Coming Soon Dublin Corporation Oktoberfest Tickets NOW ON SALE

newsletter Staff course club activities T-shirt design wine and cheese party, etc.

friday, October lo,1975

the chevron HIS CIA CODE NAME IS CONDOR. IN THE NEXT SEVENTY-TWO HOURS ALMOST EVERYONE HE TRUSTS WILLTRY TO-KILL HIM.

DIN0

LAURENTIIS

PRESENTS

ROBERT REDFORD/FAYE CLIFF ROBERTSON/MAX IN A STANLEY

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A SYDNEY

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2 SHOWS MATINEE

Rhythm /& blues to a, disco beat

DUNAWAY VON SYDOW

David Bowie Young Americans

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From the “Man Who Sold The World”; the man who has taken us on an interplanetary voyage with “Ziggy Stardust And The Spiders From Mars”; shown us some of the frightening realities of modern U.S.A. with “Aladdin Sane”; retreated into the past and praised early rock ‘n’ roll with “Pin, Ups”; revealed his visions of our future in the world of the “Diamond Dogs”; and then done it all again for us, except this time “Live” ; David Bowie now explores music at its deepest roots in Young Americans. “Young Americans” is a discosoul album, released just at the beginning of the summer of 1975, was hinted at on the “David Live” disc, where many of his usually spacey tunes took on a disco beat. Both the live album and “Young Americans” were recorded in Philadelphia, one of the best environments to get the rhythm and blues feeling into one’s soul. This change in style for Bowie is probably a combination of a couple of factors. I believe that the change is mainly an honest one ; that is, simply Bowie’s desire to get down to basics r to take a break from “telling stories” as he stated in an interview with Dick Cavett last spring. He has found, or perhaps a different area re-discovered,

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within himself, and decided to place this up front for a bit. Yet we cannot ignore the popularity that disco-soul has had over the past few months. So, it is probable that David took his musical direction partially so that he could put himself in touch with more people, and more places than his music had ever done before. Whatever the reason for putting out such an album, I believe that the most important criteria to judge it by is simply the music held within. “Young Americans” is a beautiful album; superbly written, arranged, performed, produced, mixed, and packaged. I believe that it presents us with a professional quality of the highest degree. Though the tunes are not all 100 percent funky disco, the differences reveal themselves to us on repeated listenings and evaluations. For instance, the title song “Young Americans” could as much please the rock fan as the soul fan. The saxophone opening is a traditional blues riff rather than the funky sax that we have come to expect from disco tunes. Also Bowie’s vocals often depart from the punching “Do its” of standard disco, and rather tend to smoothly _flow along. The other three cuts on the first side are made from quite focussed themes; perhaps the life style of David Bowie at the present. What he offers us are “Win”, ‘ ‘Fascination” , and “Right”. Each song shows us power and intensity; a living always at the extremes, in a world where flux and change is the standard fare.

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The second side opens with “Somebody Up There Likes Me”, a somewhat religious tune, with small smatterings of cynicism throughout. “Across The Universe’ ’ , the famous Beatles song must be the worst song on the ‘album. Perhaps the only good point about it is that John Lennon plays guitar here. The vocals scream out with anger and contempt that somehow don’t really fit the song or the album. Following this song is “Can You Hear Me”, the tune which I think is the best on the album. It is a slow, beautiful love song that reveals an emotional side Bowie has rarely allowed himself to reveal before. It moves with an intensity that is only found in true love, honest revealing love. I have found it a powerfully moving song, one that brings out as much emotion in me as it must have taken to write it. The album ends with “Fame”, probably the most funky disco tune of them all. It was written with the aid of John Lennon and Carlos Alomar, (the, lead guitarist for Bowie’s present band). It is a fitting piece of music, and theme, to end an album like this that comes from such a successful artist. The band and singers for “Young Americans” play very tightly together, making for well performed group efforts, and powerful solos. Of special note is saxophonist David Sanborn, guitarist Carlos Alomar, keyboard performer Michael Garson, and the whole group of backup vocals. Bowie himself is in top form, playing both guitar and keyboards. As always though he shines through with his lead vocals, which are as powerful and emotional as always. His degree of voice control seems to improve with every album. “Young Americans” is in a totally different league from anything that David Bowie has ever been associated with before. “Young Americans” is a beautifully done album. The combination of these two facts makes the impact even stronger. We can only hope for as good in the future. -bill

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, cheap trick repeatedly on this tour. Mahogany kush is definitely a studio band. They have produced some excellent albums, but as far as live performances go they are not worth seeing. As the audience patiently awaited the first performance of Rory Gallagher, they listened to some excellent taped music including Lou Reed’s “Sweet Jane”. Whoever selected this music ,deserves a warm thank you. While this is being mentioned I feel the roadies should get the same thank you. It certainly is no easy task to see that everything is in its place so that the show works so well. The crowd mumbled among itself, a tranquil air settled and I wondered, “Is this crowd totally hopeless or can Rory Gallagher wake it up?” Soon enough the answer arrived. Rory and his band were introduced and much to my delight those who twenty minutes before were so hard to arouse were already summoning enough energy to applaud this band, even before the first note was struck! Rory had a genuine look of appreciation on his face. I hadn’t seen that honest smile on a rock musician since Chicago played in Varsity Stadium years ago. Gallagher seemed to be on our level, he did ‘not feel superior, his dress was no different than ours, his entire appearance was that of happiness and goodness. If one was sitting close enough he couldn’t help but immediately notice the worn guitar Gallagher played. It was so smashed it looked like he had carved a notch in it for every chord he had ever learned. Later I found out that guitar has been with Rory for twenty years or so. The opening song was “Messin’ With the Kid”. A good performance in every way. Part way through the song I realized there were other members of the band to watch as well as Gallagher. I quickly turned to the organist who was playing passionately, almost insanely with not only his fingers and his arms but his entire body. Immediately I was reminded of The General, a vegetable who sometimes poses as a guitar player in my home town. Both have the same traits, hunched back and long brown hair moving in perfect time with the music. Lou Martin, Gallagher’s mad keyboard player, kept up this exhausting half dance for both shows. I just couldn’t be-

Rush, --. ROry ’ m concert 0

Unfortunately this reviewer was slightly late for the beginning of the early performance of Mahogany Rush, the new heavy rock group which allegedly has ‘the white Hendrix’ , Frank Marino, featured on guitar. However, I did manage to catch the last three songs, none of which were overly impressive. The audience was certainly not impressed. In fact the first item in my scribblings from the concert is crowd’. Now, either ‘dead everyone was totally amazed at the screeching of the guitar or they just did not care for Mahog at all. Sure, Mahogany Rush did not seem very tight (as a matter of fact they were sloppy at times) but still they could have been given more praise than the faint murmur of one-handed clapping which the audience so grudgingly gave away. They may just as well have been sitting at home watching a rock concert on the telly. At least there the performers don’t feel so bad if their viewers do not respond. Marino, the guitarist, told the crowd what he thought of them when he announced the next song with the line: “Now I’m going to do something to wake up the dead.” With a unique introduction to a “Johnny B. Good - Whole Lotta Shakin” medley, the three members of Mahogany Rush honestly attempted to do just that. But it was obvious that the crowd was beyond the point of revival. Once the group realized this they appeared not to care any more and their music fell further apart. They left the stage quickly without a word of thanks; no one uttered regrets. t For the next show, Mahogany Rush declared one of their members sick. This was far too easy a way of collecting pay for a performance they didn’t care to go through. According to a somewhat knowledgeable source sitting behind me, Mahog has stooped to the same

lieve it! He was an entire show in himself. With the intro to the, next song, “Tatooed Lady” (which is the-title song from one of Rory Gallagher’s albums), I became aware that the audience indeed had warmed up, they were even clapping in time with the music. At this point I switched my focus to the bass player, Jerry MacKavoy. He too was definitely into the music. Every note he played registered on his face as pain. He was not struggling to keep up with the others. He was with the others. But his joy showed on his face. There was so much emotion there. The drummer seemed quite apathetic i- about the entire show: Don’t get me wrong, he did a very competent job, but he seemed to lack the emotion which the other three members of the band possessed so abundantly. At first I thought he was just doing his work and impatiently waiting for both shows to come- to their end. But later it occurred to me that no one with that attitude could survive very long with the other three. No, he too was into it, but he concentrated all his energy into his drumming. Interesting how different we all are. Next came an extremely well done heavy blues song, “Garbage Man Blues”. This was the story of some poor loveless soul whose babe ran off with the sanitary engineer. He wants her back to empty his garbage can. From this point on the audience was totally in favor of Gallagher and they applauded intently. A very loud “Walk On Hot Coals” was next followed by other tight and together songs including “A Million Miles Away”. Keep in mind that throughout all of this the keyboard player is perpetually hopping up and down, the bass player is continually squinting his face, the drummer is beating

laboriously and Rorywell, the only thing which need be said is that Rory Gallagher and his guitar have become one, a man and a machine united to produce just unbelievable sound. Then suddenly there was silence. Well, it was not a true silence, my ears were humming like they used to when I’d leave the mill after a painful day of listening to the rip-saw. Rory stood at the, front of the stage with a steel guitar in his hands and played two incredible blues “Too Much Alsolos including cohbl” . This song sounds like the lyrics were written by Alice Cooper : “. ../ need three six-packs in the

reintroduced the band. Appreciatively he thanked the audience, as-’ suring them that if Rory Gallagher plays in Kitchener again it will be at WLU. He then shook hands with some of the more responsive fans and exited. That was the first show. As usual the late show was muchbetter and the crowd was far more responsive. They were on their feet for the first song! A concert such as this is definitely a give and take thing between audience and performers. Because the crowd was better the show was tetter. Rory even played harp for one song as well. This was the best concert I’ve seen since Pink Floyd in Hamilton, better than Geils, .better than Starship ! Rory Gallagher puts on an excellent show, there won’t be too many concerts of such high calibre this year in Waterloo.

morning a little bourbon on the side.. .’

Then it’s the entire band again to do the last few songs, including “Bull IFrog Blues”. Then Rory

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An Ecuadorian .ambassador to the United Nations was a CIA agent. So, too, were three Uruguayan diplomats in Havana, a correspondent of the Anso agency in Montevideo, a colonel in the junta that succeeded President Arosemena, a Treasury minister, two leaders of the Social Christian party, &d__the sales manager for Philip Morris in Latin America.

Inside the company: the CIA in Latin America. i ,

with-Jim Noland, the head of the CIA office in Quito, so that the latter could help him become the vice president of the republic. Noland got the job for him with the help of the conservative leader Aurelio Davila. The two men were unaware, apparently, that they were both in Noland’s pay. Once Varea became vice president, the CIA raised his monthly stipend from

Inside the Company: CIA Diary by Philip Agee. Stonehill, 639 pp., $9.95 Salvador Allende lost the Chilean presidential election in September of 1%4. The winner the Christian -Democrat WaS Eduardo Frei. At that time the victory was considered one more episode in the long and peaceful history . of Chilean democracy. It has come to light now, however, that Salvador Allende’s defeat at that time was a secret victory of the United States Central’ Intelligence Agency (CIA), which had spent millions of dollars to bolster the parties of the right and buy votes against the socialist candidate. Philip Agee, who was then a CIA officer in Montevideo, has revealed this fact and many others in this impassioned book which appeared last winter-in London and is now being published in the US. “Our problem at the time ,” Agee told me when I met him in London last winter, “was the fact that the finance office at CIA headquarters in Washington had been unable to obtain sufficient Chilean currency in banks of New York and had to buy it in Lima and Rio de Janeiro. But even in that way they had been unable to meet their needs.

‘_‘Our purchasing agent in Montevideo,” Agee- went on, “was the First National City Bank, which sent its men to Santiago to buy Chilean escudos with the greatest discretion and in small, separate amounts. They #returned two days later bringing in the cash in the usual way: putting it among clothes in their luggage and bribing customs officials. ‘_’ It was so much money that it took Agee a whole day to count it. “The next day,” he said, “we sent it back to Santiago by diplomatic pouch.” Philip Agee told me these things, speaking in Spanish devoid of any regional accent and with the look and the mental precision of a good math student. What strikes one most about him, however, is his natural and modest manner. In 1957, educated to be a “good Catholic,” a graduate of Notre Dame, where he majored in philosophy, he was recruited by the CIA at the age of nineteen. He served as a field intelligence officer for eight years, being-stationed in Quito, Montevideo, and Mexico City. In 1969 he left the CIA, convinced through his own experience that the United States was support-ing injustice and corruption in order to retain and expand its im-

FEDERATION

OF STUD.ENTS

NOTICE OF’STUDENTS’ \

perialis t control over Latin America. It took him four years to write this book, which t&es the form of a diary meticulously recons true ting his day by day activities. It is a solid book, serious and careful, and one reads it through without a break. During our long and intense conversation, as we examined facts and recalled events, we reached a point where we were ready to absolve the CIA of all blame. In fact, with all of its power and money, the CIA cbuld not have accomplished a thing without the connivance of the Latin governing classes of America, without the venality of our civil servants, and without the almost limitless possibilities for corruption that are open to our politicians. In Ecua;dor, for example, the personal physician of President J.M. Velasco Ibarra-a Colombian named Felipe Ovalle-peddled a weekly report to the CIA. Thanks to <the complicity of postal officials, mail from Cuba, the USSR, and China was sent to the offices of the CIA where an official named John Bacon would open the letters, make photocopies, seal them up again, and return them intact to the Postal Service.

COUNCIL

P0;I+ iCa Fidel Castro’s own sister Juana was “used” by the CIA. The CIA has concealed microphones placed in many hotel rooms in Latin America, thanks to the cooperation of the owners. In its own offices it can listen in on the conversations of left-wing politicians, thanks to the complicity of local intelligence services, who also supply it with daily lists of people going abroad and can furnish the files on any citizen. The Montevideo office monitors an incalculable number of telephone calls by means of a clandestine network of thirty sets of cables installed by the telephone company i itself. In his book, Agee tells how after Carlos Arosemena took power as president of Ecuador in 1961, the vice president of the Senate, Reinaldo Varea, set up a meeting

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$700 to $1,000. “Noland said,” Agee writes, “if he gets to be president we’ll pay him even more. ” The CIA is not always so tight with its payments, however. When it attempted to recruit a communications officer of the Cuban embassy in Montevideo it offered $30,000 for a complete report on Cuban intelligence operations, $50,000 more for the key to coded messages, $3,000 a month for all the time he worked for the CIA within the Cuban embassy. In 1967 the budget of the Latin Americah section of the CIA was thirty-seven million dollars for routine expenses alone. The ultimate aim of the United States during Agee’s period with the CIA was to have the countries of Latin America break relations with Cuba,.-so that her isolation would be complete. -To achieve that goal, Agee and his -fellow CIA officers promoted military coups and public disorders, circulated forged documents through the journalists on their secret payroll, financed strikes, arranged bloody repressions of demonstrations by students and workers. They gave -money to parties of the right, corrupted reformist leaders, and ultimately established a system of brutal but effective secret police control-the “empire of the gorilias” as it is called throughout Latin America. Universitiek were easy focal points for agitation and provocation. Teams of students were recruited to distribute handbills secretly printed under CIA direction-some anti-communist, some attributed to leftists as a provocation. As Agee observes, “None of the team except the leader himself knows about US Embassy sponsorship of the operation.” Agee in this book tells how the CIA overthrew President Velasco Ibarra of Ecuador because he re-

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i ’ distribution of income and integragood graces of the United States fused to break relations with Cuba. up their security forces as fast and o io clamour for export markets government. The bobk confirms tion. Rightist opposition to his land For the CIA it was not good enough as effectively as possible for the because creation of an internal the fact that the teams of torturers reform and nationalistic economic that Velasco was willing to de- long run. Never again can Brazil be market would imply reforms working in Latin America receive policies brought on his overthrow nounce communism and expel such as redistribution of income permitted to slide off to the their training at the Counterby the military in 1963 after only Cuban diplomats from his country. left. . . .” and a slackening of Insurgency School in the Canal seven months in power. This was Through the politicians in its pay, Agee is nowhere more eloquent repression-possibly even a Zone. (In Uruguay, “torture of the CIA kept pushing for a total and s,cathing than when he reconweakening of the dictatorship. another chance for him t-o turn the break in relations : siders, in 1973, the effects of this communists and other extreme lefbalance towards marginalized “All this to support a rkgime malignant inspiration and rememtists was used by our liaison agents peasants and to channel income “Today Velasco finally made denounced the world over for in the police.“) Agee establishes, his expected move for ConsTrbers the day “when the cables arthe barbaAc torture and inhufrom industry, mostly sugar, into ( vative Party support. Noland rived in the Montevideo station reman treatment inflicted as a finally and categorically, that in education and social projects. ” porting Goulart’s overthrow. Such matter of routine on its 1964when Cuba was expelled Now, just \ as the Conhas been insisting with Davila stitutionalists have, the upper hand that he do all he can to sustain joy and relief! Such a regime we thousands of political from the OAS-there were many the Conseryatives in making a created. Not just through the CIA prisoners -including priests , more proven reasons to have expelto restore Bosch, we send in the organization and training $ the nuns and nonMarines t0 keep him out. Nobody’s break with Cuba their condition many led the United States irlstead on military. regime’s intelligence serMarxists-many of whom fail to grounds of its persistent and bloody going to believe Johnson’s story of for supporting Velasco. Thus vices, ’ ’ but through the billions of survive the brutality or are murintervention in the internal affairs another Cuba-style revolution in Velasco’s offer today of the dollars in US government _assisdered outright. Repression in _ of Latin America. ’ the making. There has to be more Ministry of Labor was rejected to the problem than this . . . . They by the Conservatives, and . \ just doh’t want Bosch back in and Velasco’s position continues to the ‘they’ is probably US sugar weaken.” interests . . . . When Velasco’s successor The more I think -about the Arosemena soon after gave in to Dominican invasion the more I the implacable pressures from the wonder whether the politicians in US and broke off relations with Washington really want to see reCuba, “we had,” Agee recalls, “a forms in Latin <America. . . . The champagne victory celebration in worst of this is that the more we the station, and (CIA) work to build up the security forces headquarters. . .sent congratulations . ’ ’ Arturo Frondizi in Argenlike the police and military, ptiticularly the intelligence services, the tina was put under simi&r pressure less urgency, it seems, attaches to before he fell. As for Arosemena, the reforms. What’s the benefit in he later insulted the US ambassador at a dinnerparty and the next eliminating subversion if’\he injusmorning was -deposed by a. four tices continue? -man junta, dominated by a colonel Agee, having begun as a loyal inwho served as “liaison” with the ternational police agent, ends by calling far “the end of capitalist CIA. \ ‘ ’ imperialism and the building of Briefly back at h:adquarters in Washington in 1%4, Agee followed socialist society.” For the US edition of his book, which he says the the maneuvers by which the US CIA has “tried to delay and supsucceeded in getting the OAS to press,“’ he has this conclusion: impose economic sanctions on The Congressional investigatCuba and to urge all its members to ing cqnimittees can, if they break relations with it. A major want, illuminate a whole dark charge in this campaign concerned world of foreign Watergates a shipment of arms that the Vencovering the past ezuelan government said it had disthirty years. . . . The, key question is to , covered within its territory. A Beltance and private investment in Brazil even includes cases of the gian dealer, the purported seller of The piling up of so mtiy infampass beyond the facts of CIA’s torture of children, before their the weapons, declared that he had Brazil: ous acts, and especially the invaoperations to the reasons they “All this to support a r&me parents’ eyes, in order to force sion of Santo Domingo by US were established-which inexsupplied them to Cuba. Although in which the destitute, marthe parents to giire information. Marines in 1%5, brought Agee face not directly involved himself, Agee orably will lead, to economic ginalized half of the , “This is what the CIA, @lice. to face with his. own conscience. was not convinced:-- “the whole questions : preservation of population-some fifty million assistance, military training and campaign built around the arms When the US invasion crushed the property relations and other inecgnomic aid programmes have Ijeople-are getting still poorer groups led by Juan Bosch, he found cache has looki=d to me like a stitutions on which rest the inwhile the small ruling elite and .brought to the Brazilian people. himself reconsidering the entire US Caracas station operation from the terests of our own wealthy and their military puppets get an And the Brazilian regime is position in Latin America. beginning. I suspect the arms were privileged minority. This, not ever larger share. . . . spreading it around: Bolivia in Bosch, he felt at the time, stood plmted by the station, perhaps as a the CIA, is the critical issue. “All this to create a faGade of 1971, Uruguay in February , for reforms’ that “will allow for re-gabriel garcia marquez joint operation with the local ser“economic miracle” (1973) and now Chile.” vice and then ‘digcovered.’ ” _ _-- where _’ - per I capita income is still only about Inside thq Company is a fascinatThe most diffi&lt but also the 450 do@rs per year-still being book. In it one discovers why most fruitful operation, however, / hind Nicaragua, Peru and ,riine the overthrow of Cheddi Jagan, the ‘we the one in Brazil. In 1964, after other Latin American prime minister of British Guiana, Jim Noland had become c&&of the countries-and where .even the, was “largely due” to the CIA. One CIA’s Brazil office in Washington, UN Economic Commission for learns, not without surprise, that it he told Agee that “Brazil is the Latin America reports that the was the CIA which sent a diplomamost serious problem for us in ’ “economic miracle” has been tic pouch from Miami bearing the Latin America-more serious in of no benefit to the vast majority precision weapons used to assassi’ fact than Cuba since the ‘missile of the population. nate the Dominican dictator Trucrisis. ’ ’ ,‘ ‘All this .for a rCgime that has jillo after he had fallen out of the The CIA was briefly embarras“sed when a committee of the Brazilian ptiliament began to turn up evidence that its Rio de Janeiro station “spent during the 1962 electoral campaign at least thq-equiv& ent of some twelve millidn . . .and possibly as muc-h as twenty million.” However by April 1%4, it No experience necessary was, as Agee writes, “all over f6r For the relief of Goulart in Brazil much faster and easier than most -expected”-and itching and burning of the CIA took much of the credit. Ned Holman, the CIA station chief in Uruguay; informed Agee that “the Rio station and its larger \ Mass Schedule bases were financing the mass urban agaidst the Goulart I demonstrations Saturday 9:00 a.m.- Sunday * IO:00 a.m. government. . . .” Goulart’s fall, 7:00 p.m. II:30 a.m. Agee writes, was “without doubt largely due to the carefil planning 1 7:00 p.m. and consistent propaganda camWeekdays 7:00 a.m. I paigns dating at least back to the 12:35 p.m. 1%2 election operation.” / With Goulart gone, the US sue500 p.m. ceeded in implaniing a peculiarly Confessions ruthless and thuggish system of Saturday 6:15 p.m. 578-8800 police power in Brazil. “The deciFather Norm Choate C.R., 884-4256 sion was made,” Agee writes, , “apparently by President Johnson Father Bob, Liddy C.R. 884-0863 himself, that an all-out effort must -or 88418110 be made not only to prevent a counter-coup and insurgency in the short run in Brazil, but also to build

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can .- fections without attention to laboratory aids. Not one -Medical -Entomology Laboratory exists in Canada today. The objective of similar facilities in the United’ States is to study all aspects of the biology and diseasetransmitting potential of arthropods affecting the healthand comfort of its citizens. The present day demand for new, safer, and more natural or integrated methods of insect I Accordingly arboviruses can ody survive control places a high$riority onthis kind of in a complex ecosystem of interdependent information. In turn this approach appeals to factors. Without a suitable blood-sucking a coordinated, multidisciplinary effort not -> vector-fmosquito) and an effective reservoir always feasible on university campuses. (bird populations), the virus coqld not surIn most-cases arboviruses are so difficult vive. In. most cases infected vertebraes to isolate from man that the task can only be ‘- (birds or mammals) rapidly recover, elimiattempted under optimal -conditions. Virtunate‘the virus and develop a lasting irnmunally the only satisfactory specimen is bloodity to. reinfection (it would be r counter- ,,.. .taken during the first two days of illness.. Of course, the virus may Ibe recovered from t&e productive for the virus to destroy its home and sustenance). On the-other hand, the con8sequences of infection for man may be con-siderably more serious. It represents a “blind-alley” terminating that part. of the. overall chain of transmission-sometimes fatally; The arthropod (invertebrate) vectors ‘ ‘There is no need for -panic, ’ ’ says Professor Russel Wright, entomologist with-the usually do not have long lives but do retain the infection for life: ,&ordingly, the virus Universityof Guelph. “Healthy individuals, even ifbitten by a transmitting mosquito may suffer no more than a’ fever or headache.” survives by virtue’ of alternating between ’ According to a-press releaseby the University of Guelphythe present encephalitis outbreak seems to restrict itself to older vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in a nauual people, usually to those over 60-years of age. Thus the natural vertebrate host ’ life-cycle. ApproximateiyJ4 CW%S are suspected in Windsor, others in Samia, St. Catherines (bird) has _ pFesumably benefitted from and Welland area. The press release states that inrelation to the total pop)ulation these thousands of years of exposure to the virus figures arenot of epidemic proportions. infection. It has been able to do this through -\ Supported by the Ontario Ministries of Agriculture and Food, hrofessor Wright has the natural course of selection for resistance ’ been conducting research on biting flies for several years. He suggested that the / a to the disease. previous Canadian experiences with mosquito related encephalitis may not have The ljrocess of multiplication of the-inbwarranted the expenditure of more tax-payer’s money&rthis research. He feelslthat gested ‘virus and its subsequent spread after the outbreak of the St. Louis encephalitis in the Windsor area the .provincial and through the mosquito’s tissues takes, some i federal’governments will not hesitate to provide funding for research. -time, so that an interval of ‘several days necessady elapses between the acquisition He also mentioned that the outbreak in Windsor would have been-almost impossible . and transmission blood-meals-this interval to prevent, since this -was the first time it has been reported affecting humans in is called the extrinsic incubation period. Canada. Only ideal weather conditions and other coincidental factors produced this From the point of view of epidemiology (a rare outbreak. branch of medical science which treats. of A great deal ofrksearch is needed in Ontario-on all types of encephalitis viruses- to determine the natural cycle of the viruses in Ontario, which mosquitos, birds, and <epidemics) it is essential to know and undermammals are involved and what environmental conditons are likely to lead to an stand the natural histories ofarboviruses and their vectors. , encephalitis outbreak, says Professor Wright; Should an outbreak occur he would In spite of the prodigious amount of cur- ’ apparently recommend. a comprehensive spraying programme such as those conducted in -Winnipeg and Windsor. This decision; however, lies with local public health rent research, information’ is yet extremely , authorities. fragmentary for most arboviruses at this time. However, we do know that a wide variety of animal reservoir hosts and arthropod vectors play a role in-the riiZintebrain or other appropriate organ removed at Encephalitis (EEE), California Encephalitis nance of arboviruses in nature and that most autopsy+Much more commonly, though, the ’ Complex (CE)., and the St. Louis Enhuman arbovirus ’ infections originate from diagnosis is established by detecting a rising cephalitis Virus (SLE) have all been known these reservoirs. .The extent of the relation- level of antibodies in a sample of the patients to exist in the Canadian environment since ship, however, is unknown in Canada and blood serum. Here again a standard assessthe third decade of this century, causing both insight into epidemiological situations is virment for the presence of antibodies to the death and-illness to man and animal alike. I tually’non-exis tent in Canada. various encephalitis viruses in human popuThe -authorities have all but turned their There is no doubt that if we are to have lations should be at least a minimum cornbacks to the matter; the one or two goveminsight into the maintenance and magnitude mitment, in Canada. studies of ment initiated the of these infections and associated diseases; ’ In some cases the warning of the disease is encephalitis/mosquito relationship have all . we must acquire a detailed knowledge of the provided first by its appearance in animals since-been discontinued in the absence ofa levels of vector-host interactions and the reother than man (eg. the horse) which is cliniparticular epidemic. These tactics are obvil lated-characteristics of the vectors and the cally susceptible to the disease and more’ ously unhealthy in any political arena. Sechosts that lead to modifications of this relaexposed to mosquito attack than man. In ondly, evidence points strongly to a steady tionship. The degree of complexity of the other -cases (eg. __California Encephalitis and serious increase in the occurrenc~~f all si-tuation Bus warrants some further. explaVirus Complex) no such warning will be avthese viruses, especially in recent years? as nation. ailable because man is the only ‘animal in - well as the occurrence of newlv introduced .-It must be emphasized that the infection is which’the cli&al disease develops following ’ foreign viruses (such as Japanese -B Ennot synonymous with disease. Most viral innatural infection. Thus the only means of cephalitis) and their transmitting agents to tracing the progress and incidence of the disfections are inapparent and thus pose insupour shores as a result- of modern-day comerable difficulties in tracing case-to-case inease would be through continual serological merce. In addition, with the awareness that

only be confirmed retroactively by clinical HOW much do Canadian scientists know (either serologically or anatomabout insect related diseases? Not much, ac- ,.- examination ically). Essentially this effective biological cordfig to Wayne Bradbury, a UW-graduate phenomenon reflects the prolonged evolustudent in /isect Physiology. He suggesq:that tion of a perfect host-parasite relationship. had more experts been employed and were This relationship_ in turn establishes an effecmore funds available for research the rece$ tive reservoir for the continual maintenance encephalitis epidemic in Southern On6io of the disease in the environment. could have been dealt with in a better manner. You are enjoying the great outdoors at your leisure. The ,weather is warm_and pleasant, only a slight breeze to remind you there is movement in the air. That seemingly innocent movement, however, is mother nature’s way-of providing warning clue-s to her less fortunate friends. ’ ’ . Downwind, a hungry-’ female ’ mosquito lurks concealed somewhere, waiting for this perfect moment. She awaits an opportunity to suck some of your blood,-just enough to . feed her’ multitude of young-to-be. Her welldeveloped and complex sense of smell 1. tells her not only ‘of your whereabouts but possibly your size, age and sex. ‘She is stimulated to take flight and approaches 'you bymeans of-an odor cone ~emanating from your body. -Her sense of sight is equally complex and well-developed and- it is little ti5uble for her to recognize your silhouette as well as the type and color of your clothing. Most,likely you are dressed in fashionable bluejean denims, a denim shirt and matching dark colored headgear. It is difficult to conceive clq-thing better designed for maximum attracb tion of mosquitoes (and other biting-flies for that matter) but still Canadians have insisted I on the traditional use of dark colored field g clothing, particularly “blue-jean” and other A woollen materials (very shiny synthetic mat-erials of yellows, ,oranges and light-greens - - are your best camouflage). The mosquito eventually lands undetected,’ introduces its needle-like mouth parts directly into a capillary beneath the skin, and injects its own saliva. The mos* . quito’s saliva prevents your blood from clotting within its siphoning mouth parts. Her blood meal complete she is off, leaving you I.-’ with the first noticeable reaction--only a slight superficial skin wound. The mosquito example is representative of the behavior of many types of bloodsucking arthropods responsible for the transmission-of disease to man. One of the most important diseases ofman, because it is often responsible for death, is that caused by encephalitis viruses. +Transmission by an arthropod vector ‘such as a mosquito is the principalmode -of transfer of a large number of these viruses which are therefore called arbo- (Arthropod-Borne) viruses. Thus,’ by definition, all arboviruses are capable of multiplication in blood-sucking arthropod vectors. This is usually a mosquito or ,less commonly a tick or, sandfly. The naturallrtebrate host of *most ar‘boviruses is a wild bird or mam:mal (usually several species _are involved). Frequently --the infection is inapparent, that is, n.o symptoms or signs of the disease are readily ap-

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surveillance or the use of sentinals. Again, there are problems, since serological surveillance would be difficult for transient human populations that inhabit recreational areas throughout various summer months. What arboviruses do we find prevalent in Canada? An extremely informative and re: vealing article, appearing this year in the The Canadian Enresearch journal, tomologist, clearly reviews the relationships ’ of mosquitoes to human diseasein Canada. The article represents an intelligent insight ’ for Canadian arbovirology but it is- highly probable that its value will go undetected! For instance, .it_is not too uncommon that information, stored in science -publications never reaches the public arena but rather circulates among groups of researchers-ac3tively working in a particular field. Essentially, how is the farmer to know his crops stand to be infected with insects, or the gardener made aware his lawn may be destroyed by ‘bugs’, or the outdoorsman alerted to the-diseases imminent in a mosquito bite? In short, there exists a lack of dynamic participation with the public. -- Such a problem may only be solved through a strong commitment to a consistent and organized information channel which necessitates the use of the news media by scientists. In this respect it takes equally well-informed government - authorities to guarantee expert consultation, planning and completion of the projects within budget 1_limitations. How can the preceding remarks be related to therecent outbreak of encephalitisin Ontario? First of all, Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (WEE), Eastern Equine -

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mosquito populations, already well es t&blished in Canada, have been prove6 transmitters of these novel viruses in the laboratory, it will only be a matter of time before these viruses will be transferred to existing wildlife reservoirs and eventually to man. Whereas time is but a fake healer, does the public have to await the fatal consequences of yet another local epidemic before the need of long-term research oriented missions are fully realized? It is therefore high time that a stand be made which will mobilize an inventory of information based on future needs. Thus what has been mentioned so far are but a few problems inherent in a thoroughly organized program designed to research methods of detecting such arboviruses: Now there’s a need to turn to some of the problems the public is faced with in understanding the factors which control the various interrelationships between the agents responsible for the dissemination of diseases to man. It is generally agreed among arbovirologists that WEE and SLE viruses have been present for a long time in North America, existing in apparent equilibrium in the environment. Man can be infected when he intrudes on the natural ecological cycle and is bitten by a blood-sucking arthropod. I’he best example of intrusion is when man defaces his natural environment and provides the means by which the arboviruses ;ome to hi&. By introducing irrigation and flooding he causes a change in the vegetation and water level which are new conditions that attract both‘ water-birds arid mosnew conditions are quitoes. Similarly, zreated through man’s introduction of the horse and poultry. The presence of large domestic populations of bird species such as the house-sparrow, pigeon and starling is 31~0 significant. In Canada, the public knows next to nothing about the reservoir containing the viral diseases. Although birds are most often recDgnized as the vertebrate maintenance host, the public doesn’t know for sure if snowshoe lares, Franklin’s ground squirrels, or other small mammals of the forested regions serve 2s an important reservoir for these viruses. [n the tropics it is not difficult to conceive low arboviruses can persist indefinitely. birds and mammals I’here, mosquitoes, :oexist throughout the year. The survival of 3rboviruses in the temperate climate, on the Ither hand, presents several problems. For instance, although the transmission of :he mosquito-borne arbovi’ruses during the summer months follows the same.pattern as n the tropical countries, the mechanism of ‘overwintering” is not fully understood. I’he virus may survive for long periods in occasionally long-lived mosquitoes (some adult mosquitoes do hibernate in basements tnd caves) but this occurrence is rare. The revival of latent infections in birds h’as )een suggested, but not proved, as another :xplanation for overwintering, while the nost likely mechanism in cool temperate yones is probably the infections of hibernatng mammals (including bats) and reptiles including snakes). Thus viremia (the pres:nce of virus in the blood stream) which lisappears during hibernation may recur vhen hibernation ceases several months ater . To fully assess the attributes of vector copulations - that favor success of the pathogenic virus, the public must first know he characteristics of mosquito vector popuations (or for that matter of most blood#ucking insects suchas the blackfly, sandfly, /tablefly, deerfly and horsefly). The public’s first concern in this area vould be to know at what critical threshold eve1 one must reduce a vector population in order to interrupt effective transmission of he arboviruses through contact :between the ‘ector and the basid vertebrate host populaion. An equally urgent need would be to letermine the critical threshold level for the nbsquito population below which there will

be little or no significant risk of infection in abberrant hosts such as man and horse, even though the basic cycle continues. What are the consequences of large rnos%i quito populations? It has been observed that an increased proportion of feedings by mosquitoes is diverted to mammalian hosts in the period when the mosquito vector is most abundant. In the spring, early summer, late fall and winter when the vector population is small’, the bird population accommodates

havior has also been observed for blackflies. Some blackflies are strongly bird feeders but readily attack man on warm days following a cold spell (say in September and October). Other evidence seems to suggest that when blackfly populations are great, blackflies will enter houses to bite; normally they never attempt to bite once inside a dwelling. Other variationsin the normal biting behavior of insects are known but an overall understanding of these anomalies is lacking, despite the

important vectors of encephalitis-viruses is unknown, and yet in Ontario the provincial government has not taken any responsibility to monitor arboviruses, their vectors, or from the point of view of wildlife biology, their reservoirs. This is not to mention the importance and usefulness such studies would have in determining the incidence and impact of avian blood parasites (especially trypanosomes in birds) on bird populatiotis; filarid nematodes (parasitic worms) in

the majority of blood->ucking mosquitoes. The epidemiological implications of this phenomenon are important if one is to identify the critical threshold levels of the vector population that is necessary to maintain viral transmission from bird-to-bird. In addition, the influence of an increased vector population, if it leads to divergence of feeding to aberrant mammalian hosts, can be reflected iman increased epidemic potential. This “tangential” extension of the infection cycle into hosts that do not contribute significantly to the maintenance of the overall cycle, is however, largely disadvantageous for man. If WEE, EEE or SLE viruses are transmitted such an event would be disastrous to man and is called an epidemic. If on the other hand, the vector population could be held below a certain level, it would lessen the chances of bird-to-bird contact by the vector and consequently jeopardize maintenance transmission of WEE and SLE ‘viruses. Even more importantly, there is little chance that infection would spread to man or horse. In fa& there is evidence to suggest that SLE virus disappeared from the environment when vector populations were kept at certain levels and this was probably due to less efficient virus maintenance system. Why do mosquitoes who normally feed on bird hosts suddenly undergo a seasonal shift in its host utilization and hence begin to show increased feeding o’n mammals including man during mid or late summer? This type of behavior , al though aberrant, appears to be a well-established biological phenomenon but the biological explanation is less than obvious. It may be due to an increase in the mosquito vector population when there will exist a tendency for crowded mosquitoes to seek out other blood sources such as man and horse. However, the increase’s and abrupt changes in temperatures that are apparent as the summer progresses are also influential. For . instance, a sudden shift in feeding be-

fact that it represents a very significant tions hip to epidemiology.

domestic animals as well as their impact on wildlife populations of mammals in Ontario. Mosquitoes play a role in the transmission of all these agents but again beyond some basic information much is unknown. How does the future look with.respect to mosquito abatement in Ontario? The Ontario ministry of the environment has shown some willingness to participate in on-going abatement programs in some Ontario communities. This involvement has required temporary relaxation of established standards but the ministry has not directed these efforts to include intelligent, carefully planned and executed control programs. The urgency of the matter is based on the need for the ministry to expand its own expertise, and knowledge of pest control problems and to seek a niore effective relationship with the research corr)munity. What may have represented the fiist step toward this goal was made last year, when a grant was awarded jointly to the universities of Waterloo and Guelph with the objectives to review and to inquire into the general problem of mosquito biology and mosquito control as they relate to the Ontario situation. However, that contract may not be renewed this year! It is with this background that we find ourselves in an unhealthy situation caused both by the transmitted diseases of bitingflies and the deterioration in the quality of the environment. We must direct all our efforts to effective and strong organization. If optimism would be our enemy we may get somewhere by getting the job done! Man must be protected from biting-flies and he must sustain the quality of the environment. There is no room for what appears to be a small but articulate “anti-science” movement in politics today. University science does have a sense of social responsibility. We are not in Ivory Tower closets and unconcerned with what happens about us-in fact quite the contrary, since we cannot exist least co-exist if government funding is irresponsibly directed, or not available at all.

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In Ontario, the coordinated use of chemicals or abatement programs for purposes of alleviating biting-fly problems is virtually non-existent. This is not too unlike the past and prevailing situation as it exists. (or doesn’t,exist!) in the rest of Canada, where. the involvement of governments in mosquito abatement programs is small or negligible. This is particularly so in Ontario at the municipal or local level and where only two to three of the 15 provincial universities (Waterloo, York and Guelph) conduct research on mosquitoes. In fact, most ifforts in this area of biting-fly research and control fall far short of the intensity of the problem. Some of the reasons for this in Ontario have to do with the lack of responsibility, the existing pesticide regulations Bnd the lack of authority. For instance, mosquito abatement in Ontario is not considered an important issue; existing pesticide regulations mitigate the availability of permits SO that private use of chemicals’ is illegal; and, in addition, even if regulations were satisfactorily relaxed there exist few means whereby municipalities or private agencies could easily acquire expertise on the problem situation. The ministry of the environment has not established enough personnel, of professional caliber, who could respond effectively to information reQuests, instruction, or assistance in characterization of!he target control area and the target pest species of mosquitoes, the types of chemicals available and effective chemical formulations now in use, and finally methods on how to monitor the effectiveness of the control program. In spite of the prevailing and potential impact mosquitoes have on medical and veterinary importance, the situation goes largely unchecked andunassessed.‘The status of the

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e -The myt jectivity The daily press in North America purports to be objective in ii3 news coverage. Robert Chodos, a staff writer for the Last Post chal. lenges this claim to objectivity in pointing out the differences in coverage of the same event by the Associated Press (the American news agency) and Agence France Presse (France’s news agency). The former presented a story which contained less information than the latter.. The reason for this discrepancy, Chodos argues, is because AP adheres to objectivity (i.e. the pyramid style of newswriting) while Aff allows its writers to write in a looser and interpretative sty/e which in turn results in a more meaningful story.

When I first joined the McGill Daily, in 1963, I was taught a set of extraordinarily rigid rules. _ Paragraphs, I was told, are between three and four typewritten lines long. They generally consist of one sentence; at most they consist of two. The first paragraph of a story is invariably one sentence, of no more than 30 words. Elsewhere sentences are as short as they can be made. Subordinate clauses are frowned upon; the passive voice is banned outright. Adjectives and adverbs are used only when absolutely necessary. Short words, like short sentences and short paragraphs, are preferred to long ones. The first paragraph of a story contains the most important fact in the story. The second paragraph contains the second most important fact, the third, the third most important fact, and so on down the line. This is without regard to chronology, continuity and similar conditions. -This arrangement of information was compared to an inverted pyramid, becoming steadily narrower and less significant as it goes down. From this image came the term for the whole style of writing: pyramid. The first paragraph, known as the lead, shouldanswer three of the five W’s: who, what, when, where, why. If it answers fewer than three, it will not have provided the reader with enough information; if it answers more, it is likely to be too long and cluttered. The reporter writing in pyramid style keeps himself so far in the background as to be invisible. A story written by one Canadian Press reporter should read very much like a story covering the same event by another one. The following stories are written in pyramid style: Santa Clara, Calif. (AP)-A woman gave birth to seven babies Friday, a doctor said. Two of the infants born two and half months prematurely were stillborn. Dr. Anthony Damore said he delivered the babies, four girls and three boys, between 2:04 and 2 : 12 pm Friday. Two of the surviving infants, he said, were taken to the Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto, about 20 miles north of Santa Clara. Three babies remained at Santa Clara hospital in critical condition. The infants, considered by Damora to have the best chance of survival, were the two girls taken to Stanford. There was no immediate comment from officials on whether the woman had been taking fertility drugs. London (Reuter);A labor MP Thursday night advocated the reprisal execution of outlawed Irish Republican Army officers for every person killed by a bomb or sniper in Northern Ireland. Reginald Page,t who ‘gas a labor party

spokespersonon the army from 1961 to 1964, said in a Commons debate there were several hundred IRA men who were acknowledged officers. “I would say that for each person who is killed by a bomb or a sniper, then, within 72 hours, one of these men is going to be executed unless the guilty party is surrendered,” he said. Paget suggested there should be a list of those to be executed in order. Milan, Italy (AP)-A terrorist trying to halt Milan’s streetcar system and black out its streets was killed by the premature explosion of his own dynamite, police reported yesterday. The man, about 45, was blown apart as he attached more than 15 pounds of explosives to a 50-foot pylon supporting the powerlines for streetlighting and transit in this city of two million, officers said. There are several things to be noticed about these stories. The first is that almost every one of the rules mentioned above is violated at least once. The lead of the septuplets story has two sentences. In its fourth paragraph it uses the passive voice. The story of the Milan bomber is replete with subordinate clauses. Nevertheless, all three perform the basic functions of the pyramid story. In each, the reader is presented with the essential information, in a form in which he can absorb it over the breakfast table or as he travels home on the bus. If he is only moderately interested in the birth of the septuplets, he can read only the first three or four paragraphs of that story and still get the important details (this particular feature of pyramid style makes it especially useful to editors, who may be faced with a deadline. If the story is written in true pyramid style, the editor can “cut from the bottom” secure in the knowledge that he is eliminating the least essential part of the story). Second, the writers of these stories are very careful not to say anything on their own authority; they merely report what others say. It is not the reporter saying IRA officials should be killed; it is the labor MP. 1The details of the Milan incidents are all attributed to the police. Even so straightforward a matter as that “a woman gave birth to seven babies Friday,” is not stated flatly; it is only reported that “a doctor said,” she gave birth to the babies. Third, pyramid style is as specialized and artificial alanguage as that used by seamen, jazz and rock musicians, or political science professors. It has its own peculiar phrases and sentence structures-“no immediate comment from officials” being an example of the first and the use of “a doctor said” or “police reported yesterday” at the end of a sentence being an example of the second. But unlike the specialized jargon of most professions, pyramid style is read by everyone. Despite its artificiality it passes right by people, and they take it for granted. Whatever purpose it serves, it serves quietly, subtly, and hence effectively .

The myth Pyramid style is closely linked with the myth of objectivity. Pyramid stories are often called “objective” stories. According to the myth, news stories are supposed to be totally free of any bias or value judgment. The’reporter’s only function is to record the facts as he sees them; the only judgment he is allowed to make is what is important and what is not. The news pages of a newspaper do not depend on whatever political alignment the

paper might have. The paper expresses its corporate opinion on the editorial page and individual writers express their individual opinions on the op-ed pages. To varying degrees, objectivity is accepted as a standard by all, English-language North American metropolitan daily newspapers. It is not accepted by most European or by the French-language newspapers North American (Quebec) press. The following is part of a story that appeared in Le Devoir, March 17, 1972: Milan (AFP)-The tension suddenly mounted in extra-parliamentary extremeleft circles, and also in the Italian Communist Party. The horribly mutilated body of Milanese leftist publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli was discovered at- the foot of a high tension pylon, at Segrate, at the gates of Milan. He was dressed in a military-looking outfit and was wearing paratroopers’ boots. Two charges of 15 sticks of dynamite had been placed on one of the four cement bases of the pylon. Near the body could be found three haversacks containing 13 sticks of dynamite. While investigators, before having even identified the body, supposed that the man must have committed a #fatal error in handlMr. Feltrinelli’s coling the explosives, leagues for their part, are explicit: the publisher was the victim of a “monstrous assassination” for which they held responsible “international reaction and the right.” That is how high pitched the emotion is in political circles, particularly in the extraparliamentary groups of the extreme left. . . The story goes on to discuss recent demonstrations organized by the extraparliamentary left and the current situation of the Italian Communist Party, and speculates on the effect “L’affaire Feltrinelli” might have on both groups. A sidebar describes Feltrinelli as ‘ ‘un intellec tuel engage”-a committed intellectual. It is perhaps not immediately obvious that Feltrinelli is the nameless “terrorist” of the AP “own dynamite kills bomber” story. If

the two stories are vastly different, it is because the one reported for AFP (Agence France Presse, the French news agency) spoke to “extra-parliamentary groups of the exdid not retreme left’ ’ , and understandably ceive the same information as the AP reporter, who spoke to the police (the discrepancy can’t be accounted for by saying that the AFP reporter may have had more time to gather information. The stories appeared on the same day). But is not only the content of the AFP story that is different; the story is not written in anything remotely approaching pyramid style. The AFP story begins with tension mounting suddenly-more the technique ofthe short story writer rather than a pyramid reporter. There is no inherent reason why a person can’t be at once a “terrorist” and a “committed intellectual’ ’ . However, most of us look favorably on the latter, and few of us look favorably on the former. This is not to suggest that either Le Devoir or AFP is especially sympathetic to the extreme left of which Feltrinelli was a part. Le Devoir is the voice of agroup of cons,ervative nationalist Quebec intellectuals, AFP a thoroughly established news agency in a position similar to that of AP in the United States or CP in this country.

October

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It is to suggest only that in approaching hi subject matter in an analytical and nor objective way, the AFP reporter has writte a fairer story than his AP counterpart. By nc pretending to be objective, he has given hi readers a more accurate picture of objectiv reality.

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And yet the myththat North-America news writing is objective survives, and th use of the pyramid style -helps foster it. The reason it survives is that it is useful t the newspaper owners. For North Americ differs from Europe in that all its majc newspapers are owned by one section of so( iety . In Europe, the newspapers are frankl a political tool. There are newspapers rel resenting communist parties, socialist pai ties, liberal parties and conservative partie: There is even a business-backed press and labor-backed press. The Beaverbrook papers in Britain are 2 reactionary as anything in Canada or the UI ited States. But the Labour Party’s Dail Mirror could run a photo of the America moon landing, in 1969, with the captio “From the people who brought you Vie nam.. .“. And the British Communist_Part publishes a highly respected daily new! paper, Morning Star. There is no such variety on this continen Our English language daily papers are d vided between the Liberal and Conservativ papers, but there is not one that supports th NDP. Not one. In the United States eve within that system it is consistently Republ can, while the people stubbornly continue t elect Democratic congresses and even, o( casionally, Democratic presidents. The main characteristics of the Nort American newspaper market is that there is small number of sellers. It is wh: economists call an oligarchic market. In ac dition, it is steadily becoming more of one since the number of independent publishei is declining as some newspapers go bankrul and others are bought out by the chains.

How oligarchies function is described t the economist Donald Eldon:“...A numb of factors may _lead commonly to tl emergence of a “group” relationship amoi sellers in an oligopolis tic market. Oligopolies fail to act independently like st lers in a perfectly competitive market, ai instead function more as a group in tl sociological sense, with common aims ar norms particular to the group.” (Eldon, T Oligarchy

Problem

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background study to the Interim Report ( Competition Policy, Canada, Econom CouncilofCanada, 1970, pp. 10-12). In the newspaper business, this has imp cations for more than just the publisher commercial practices. It also has a dire bearing on the content of their newspaper Often they will campaign with a vigorous ar united voice on issues that directly affe their interests as newspaper publisher Perhaps the clearest example of this occu red a couple of years ago during a strike the Ottawa Citizen, the Ottawa Journal, 2 though the strike was in its interests as supposed competitor of the Citizen, pu lished editorials denouncing the union ai supporting the Citizen management.

friday, ~___-

October

lo,1975

thechevron -_._---_~-.

I feel rippedoff. For the pagt month I have been regularly riding my bicycle to campus. This has no doubt been good for me, and it has probably helped reduce some of the traffic congestion due partly to the transit strike. But now that the mornings are colder, I increasingly often consider driving to campus, and upon reading of a shortage of parking spots in Seagrams lot, I hurried to obtain a sticker for my car. It seems that my reward for cycling in September was the news that all the stickers had been issued and my alternative was the pay lots at two bits a throw. Now I’m not blaming all those people who got Seagrams stickers before me. And no doubt most of the people in the Security Department are simply following orders. And I imagine that someone somewhere must have a completely convincing argumen&for the parking system on this campus being the monstrosity that it is. Grad.

I would like to make the following comments Member: Canadian university press (CUP). The chevrm is typeset by rmmbers of on the concert last Friday night: the wsrkers union of dumpnt press graphix (CIVTU) and,published by the federation -why weren’t there any signs up outside the of students incorporated, university of water-loo. Content is the sole responsibility of PAC building stating exactly what doors the chevron editorial staff. Offices are located in the campus centre; (519) 885-l 660, were going to be open. As it was, some or university local 2331. people weren’t inside until 9:OO pm, by that time the warm up group (if you can * call them that) were finished. Maybe the We tried to put all the news in its appropriate place in the paper this week so not too much is left for doors should have been open earlier? the masthead. Thus in place of the usual dribbleconcentration will be applied, names of all those -why were so many tickets sold? All the who helped find words and stick them on paper shall be-,mustered, and sins will be forgiven. So people sitting in the back, who had gotten I the first mustered name is -mart radomsky, then comes david anjo and faithful denis andre all of tired of standing, could see was the back whom should have been mentioned long before-the other vigilant word gatherers and image of the head of the person in front of them. takers were- judy jansen, graham gee, julia schneider, isabella grigiroff, steve mcmullen, harry strothard, mike hazel, jim carter, michael gordon, and the chevron hacks-diane, sylvia, randy, Maybe if the price of the tickets was $5.75 henry, john, and anyone else whose name will not muster. One final announcement to the man or $6.00 then a fewer number of tickets who came in a few weeks ago with a handwritten letter which ends with “I challenge you fools to - would have had to been sold to break print this” we challenge you to come in and type it cos we can’t read yourwriting.nd even, resulting in everyone enjoying the concert instead of just the group at the front. 38 Civil

Dave Rupay Engineering

Peter Goiem Me&. Eng.

wswritin continued

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hme E ‘rrake

Even more often, the content of their papers will be affected by their interests as members of a wider class of rich men. As A.$. Liebling wrote in his classical work The Press (Ballantine Books, 1961, New York): “The ‘taxpayer’ is always ‘overburdened’, but it occurs to me as I write that he is always represented as a small, shabby man in underclothes and a barrel (the kind of fellow, who, if he had a wife, two children, and no imagination, would be caught for an income tax of about eight dollars) and never be as an unmistakeably rich man, like, say, the proprietor of a large newspaper. The man in the barrel is always warned that a frivolous project like medical care for his aged parents is likely to double his already crushing tax burden. The implication of this is that the newspaper is above worrying about his parents, and of course, he is-because the old man left him the,paper.” (Liebling, op. cit. pp. 75-76). This is the presS we are told is objective in its news pages. If the press were openly biased, and a means of expressing a point of view, then it would be clearly unfair that the entire press should express only one viewpoint, or at best, a narrow range of viewpoints. Therefore, we can’t admit that it is biased. We must say that it is owned by the Communist Party, the Canadian Labour Congress, or Lord Thompson of Fleet. It is “objective” to write a story on a death with political overtones. using only police sources. It is “objective” to report at face value the ranting of an MP-all the while knowing that public figures in general, and MP’s in particular, say evergithing they say with the next edition or hourly newscast in mind. The reporter simply lets the events pass through him onto the pages of the newspaper; he is a sieve. JackCahill, Ottawa sureau chief of the Tsronts Star and an unshakeable exponent of the reporter as sieve theory, has said: ‘ ‘I have no opinions. ” But of course, Cahill does have opinions, what he really means is that his opinions can easily be reconciled with those of Beland Honderich, who owns the newspaper he works for. Other reporters have opinions too, and not all of them are in the same happy position of Cahill. Some of them disagree with their publishers, and come to realize :hat in writing pyramid style and objective lews they are helping to perpetuate some:hing in which they don’t believe. People working on alternative and student newspapers tend to be particularly critical of he pyramid style and objectivity. This atitude is well founded, but there is a caveat to >e noted here. The pyramid is so dangerous jrecisely because it is so extremely effec ive. It can be used by others besides the arge newspapers and their allies. To believe n the pyramid as an ideal is self-delusion, jut to reject it as a tool is self-indulgence If he goal is to communicate information, both Lre to be avoided.

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