1975-76_v16,n18_Chevron by Editor Imprint

University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario \ volume 16, number 18 friday, October 17; 1975

competitor tops 200 ft. Mount Shani at the annual Canadian national hi//climb championship held on Thankiving day at St. Agatha. A new hill record of 3.12 seconds was posted by Ohioan Earl Bow/by in winning the event.

photo by gary robins

Students Should students have the right to aluate their professors and cours? This university thinks they lould . The chevron interviewed a num:r of faculty deans and society presentatives on the matter, A joint - student-f-acuity Arts Bmmittee is working on a prop,ed course evaluation for the hole Arts Faculty. Before, each department had its vn separate evaluations. These ight continue to be used as sup: ements, but the overall evaluaIn will have all the basic quesIns asked by all departments. Arts dean, Jay Minas, said that ese evaluations are used to dermine the effectiveness of profesbrs. He also said that many of the :partments in the Arts Faculty el that these evaluations supply

to iudae lorofs, courses

useful information. He hopes that the overall evaluation for the faculty will be completed by December. In the Engineering faculty, Len Trembley, the assistant of the associate dean, is working on‘updating the present evaluation. He said he is changing the computer end of the ‘evaluation, not the questionnaire its elf. Trembley said the evaluations “don’t necessarily guarantee good professors,” but they are used by faculty on tenure, promotion and salary committees. Trembley also said that the engineering professors take a very serious interest in course critiques. New-professors are especially worried about what is thought of their course, he said.

b teach more courses

’

one of the most interesting faculit’s going to be different. ties is Mathematics. William ForPeter Lee, a volunteer, is workbes , Mathematics dean, told the ing this year at correlating the anschevron that the Faculty has been wers of the questions, so the using evaluations for five- years, students will have some visible and he feels they are “perfectly conclusions to ,read. Last year, satisfactory”. He ’ said the Prudence said, Lee helped arrange ‘ ‘students find them effective. ” a new questionnaire for . evaluations. Forbes said that the evaluations are very helpful in the areas of teThere are also comments in the nure, promotion and salaries. book on the professors and Every year the Mathematics students. Not only do the students Faculty publishes a paperback do evaluations said Prudence, but book with a summary of the also the professors do a questionevaluations. Gary Prudence, vicenaire, explaining how they feel president of the Math Society, said about their course and how their the book is very useful. “A lot of students reacted to them in class. people are clamouring for them as Some examples of questions they are now late on their first pubasked on the evaluations are: Ho-w lication for this year.” does the lecturer speak (clearly or Last year, Prudence said, the rate the professors otherwise), book was all statistics. This year - blackboard and overhead presenta-

-lard times hits history dept. Hard times will force the UW* story department to offer more burses to students even if teachers rve to work harder, department lairman Hugh MacKinnon said uesday. The department will offer more service” courses, which are innded for non-majors in history, in Lattempt to get more income, the lair-man said. If more students take history ,urses then there will be more oney for the department as funds e allotted on per student basis. “In the past the history departent has not been doing a very )od job in encouraging nonstory students to take courses.” Now the department will try to rectify” the matter by offering jurses which are attractive to Lese students, even if it means in*easing the workload of the 2 1 histry professors, MacKinnon said. Though this measure is prompd by the need for money in the :partment, MacKinnon believes udents should not have to go rough university without taking a story course.

MacKinnon was commenting on a history committee report which points out the need for more service teaching since the department is well behind others in this .area. The committee was struck last April by MacKinnon to review the department’s programs, its use of manpower, its standards, and its teaching role in relation to other departments and faculties. In August, the committee prepared a draft report containing 45 recommendations whit h are presently being discussed b-y professors and students. The public discussion will continue for the next two weeks,, after which the recommendations will be revised and implemented. The committee came to the con elusion, based on statistical studies and a review of course offerings, that the department is “performing inadequately” in service teaching. “R%ile a few of our courses do well, most, including the majority of those we presently regard as service courses, do not attract enough non-history students, from within the Arts Faculty and Erom without,

to justify fully tile time and energy devoted to them,” the committee’s report states. The report says that given this decline in service teaching since the late l%Os, the individual faculty member “who pours considerable effort into the preparation of a service course” is discouraged with this trend. This trend is “downright distressing for the department as a whole in a period when service teaching can make a significant, perhaps even a decisive, contribution to our economic viability. ” The reasons for this trend are threefold, the report states: -the proliferation of Canadian content courses within the Arts Faculty provides “stiff competition” for the department’s Canadian history course; -the increase in the number of compulsory courses in the other departments which, in turn, reduces “the number of potential contacts available to us”; -the low priority given to history as an elective by student advisors in departments like psycholand in faculties like WY

Mathematics. In addition, the report says the department has not “succeeded in making itself attractive . . .and here it could be argued that success has stemmed more from traditional affiliations than from strenuous efforts on the part of the department.” Statistics show that in 1974-75 the department had only 156 students non-history taking third level courses, where the “formidable ‘In Depth’ level” isused to describe course offerings, the report-states. “It seems clear that we frighten away many good students who would undoubtedly succeed at this level.” The report recommends that more service courses be offered to first year students because pupils in other faculties often choose their electives from among first year level courses. It also recommends that “we must identify a clientele-and encourage a faculty member to teach to it, whether or not the subject matter dovetails perfectly with his research interests.” -john

morris

tion, and, is the lecture well prepared. The questionnaires also ask questions about the student: What were your marks in high school, do you attend classes, how much time do you spend doing work for the class, and, is the course an obligation for you or an extra course. Meanwhile, on November 1st a ‘ ‘fieldworker and instructional developer” is being hired by the Federation of Students. This field ’ worker will not only help with pre- , paring good course evaluations, said Shane Roberts, federation education coordinator, but will also be doing some “longitudinal studies ’ ’ . Some examples of these are: studies of students programs over all,- how to get information from alumni about how the university helped them and whether upperclassmen feel that the early courses they took were of any help to them. Other things the fieldworker might do, Roberts said, are: an assessment of the library, effects of residence living versus off-campus living on students’ academic performance, and a look at university financing. Shortall hopes that the fieldworker will be a student now on campus, or one who has recently graduated. If you have a complaint about a professor, Shortall makes the following suggestion as to what you can do: go see the dean of your faculty. For example, Jay Minas and William Forbes are both quite willing to listen to students’ complaints, he said. The deans can look at the situation and if necessary speak to the department chairperson. The chairperson can speak to the professor if the situation is serious. Shortall said that any student who does this will remain anonymous. Another method Shortall suggested is to go in a student group (if you can talk your classmates into it) and ‘ ‘raise hell’ ’ . He feels that many students won’t complain because they think they have to accept whatever they receive. This %isnot true. Students have the right to complain Shortall said, and they should. -bona

kyytow

friday,

the chevron

Friday

8 between Kitchener and Hwy 401.

Conrad Grebel College 450th Anniversary Display. UW Art Gallery. Hours: Monday-Friday 9 am-4pm. Sunday 2-5pm till October 31 st.

Campus

Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Heartaches Razz Band from 9-l am. $1 after 6pm.

Federation Flicks-Jeremiah Johnson with Robert Redford. 8pm. AL1 16 Feds $1, Non-feds $1.50.

Saturday Campus Centre Pub opens 7pm. Heartaches Razz Band from g-lam. $1 admission. Federation Flicks--Jeremiah Johnson with Robert Redford. 8pm. AL1 16 Feds $1, Non-feds $1.50. .

W IN AT SOLITAIRE

Sunday Chapel. “I am not ashamed of the Gospel: Thoughts on how to be a Christian today”. Speaker Frank Epp lo:30 am. Conrad Grebel College Chapel. Coffee and discussion to follow.

Give your Queen of Hearts an Ace of Diamonds. A dazzling, glorious diamond solitaire.. . with all the brilliance of your special love. It’s in the cards.. . she’ll be yours forever.. . and you’ll be the happy winner.

Rehearsals for the UW Little Symphony Orchestra. String players needed. For further info contact Alfred Kunz ext. 2439. Federation Flicks-Jeremiah Johnson with Robert Redford. 8pm. AL1 16 Feds $1, Non-feds $1.50.

GEMOLOGIST NOW ON STAFF! 30 KlNG W. KITCHENER

1 0

STOP

WESTMOUNT PLACE ‘. .PHARMACY HAS ALL THE GOODS !

Camera@ The crystal eloquence of a Mozart trio-the power of an all-night jam session. 8pm. Humanities Theatre. Admission $5.00, Students $2.50. Tickets Central Box Office ext. 2126. Group meditation for TM meditators. 8pm. E3-1101.

Monday Campus Centre Pub Shirley Eikhard Band cents after 6pm. Pa-legal assistance professional legal 8850840 or come to 7-l Opm.

opens 12 noon. from g-lam. 74 offers nonadvice. Call CC106. Hours:

Grand Valley Car Club welcomes you to our next meeting. 8pm. Waterloo County Fish and Game Protective Association, Pioneer Tower Road, off Hwy

Tuesday Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Shirley Eikhard Band from g-lam. 74 cents after 6pm.

Para-legal assistance offers nonadvice. Call legal professional 8850840 or come to CC106. Hours: l -4:30pm. ‘The Secret Life of Plants.” The Ontology Club welcomes as guest speaker, Grant Clarke of Toronto. Everybody welcome. 4:30pm. Campus Centre 113. Rehearsals for the UW Concert Choir for Symphony No. g--Choral, L.V. Beethoven, A Song for Joy. AL1 13 7-9pm. For further info contact Alfred Kunz at ext. 2439. Introductory lecture on Transcendental meditation. 8pm. Psych 2084. Movies-That Funny Boy of 5b (in Russian with subtitles). Children’s Railroad. 8pm. EL204 Sponsored by CanadaUSSR Association. “ETV Goes to the Movies”. Ehwy Yost, Executive Producer Channel 19 is the speaker. 8:15 pm. Kitchener Public Library. Sponsored by K;W University Women’s Club and the Kitchener Public Library. .

Wednesday Cabbagetown Plays by David Pipe. 2 one-act plays. Diamond Cutters, The Snowbirds. Free Admission. 11:30am. Theatre of the Arts. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Shirley Eikhard Band from g-lam. 74 cents after 6pm. . University Chapel. Sponsored by the UW Chaplains. 12:30pm SCH 218K. K-W Red Cross Blood Donor Clinic. 2-4:30pm and 6-8:30pm. First United Church, King & William Sts. Waterloo. Amateur Radio Club Meeting. VE3UOW. All welcome. 4:30pm. E2-2355. Concert Band, 5:30-7:30pm. AL 6. Par-a-legal professional

assistance legal

offers

advice.

non-

Call

October

885-0840 or come to CC106. HOL 7-l Opm. Chess Club Meeting. Everyone \n come. 7:30pm. Campus Centre I 135. Introductory lecture on Transcend1 tal meditation. 8pm. MC3010. Gay Coffee House. 8:30pm CC 111 Free Movie-Husbands with Pe Falk. Sponsored by Campus Cer Board. 10:15pm. Campus Centre Grl Hall.

Thursday Cabbagetown Plays by David Pipe one-act plays. Diamond Cutters, 1 Snowbirds. -Free admission. I1 :30; Theatre of the Arts. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 no Shirley Eikhard Band from g-lam. cents after 6pm. Para-legal assistance offers ni legal advice. ( professional 8850840 or come to CC 106. Hot 1:30-4:30pm. Waterloo Christian Fellowsh Everyone is welcome to come for informal time of Bible study and fell{ ship. 5:30p.m. CC 113. Chamber Choir (by audition or 7-9pm. For further info contact Alf Kunz ext. 2439. Christian Science Organizatic Everyone is invited to attend these re( lar meetings for informal discus& 7:30pm. Hum. 174. Table Tennis Club presents “A F Evening: introducing “Champions Table Tennis” “. Everyone welcor Members 50 cents, Non-members cents. 8pm. MC 2066.

Friday Cabbagetown Plays by David Pip one-act plays, Diamond Cutters, 1 Snowbirds. Free admission. 11:30 Theatre of. the Arts. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 no Shirley Eikhard Band from g-lam. cents after 6pm. Federation Flicks-Fantastic Plar animation. 8cm. AL 116 Feds $1. - ,N feds $1.50. .

PizzaParlour& SpaghettiHouse

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17, 19

Save 50 cents off the regular price of any 8 or 12 slice pizza with this coupon. Just present this coupon at any Mother’s Parlour, or give it to Mother’s boy when he delivers at your door. Please, just one coupon/order. Coupon valid Sunday to Thursday only.

friday,

october

17, 1975

the chevron

Wage and price c6ntrok

Transit The city of Kitchener and the transit union withdrew fi-om their first day of mediation following prime minister Trudeau’s wage freeze. And the six week-old strike

continues.

The two sides in the dispute agreed last Friday to meet Tuesday with the provincial mediator, J. M. Hopper, in an attempt to settle it.

strike But when Trudeau announced a 10 per cent wage freeze Monday night, the negotiations were put into limbo. Prior to the mediation, the transit workers were asking for i 20.6 per cent wage increase and the city’s offer stood at 14 per cent. Although the federal controls, as outlined in the government’s white paper, Tuesday, do not directly af-

left in limbo feet the striking transit workers, the provincial government is expected to introduce legislation, retroactive to Monday night, to limit wage increases for provincial and municipal employees. At the time of going to press (Wednesday night) details of the provincial government’s legislation were not known.

Because of the uncertainty about this legislation Kitchener council instructed personnel director Frank Kovrig not to do anything until after a closed council meeting Tuesday night. That meant that Tuesday’s mediation meeting in Toronto was a waste of time. Union president, Bill Mazmanian, told thechevron the city merely repeated the same position it has held since the start of the strike. “They should have cancelled the damn trip,” he said. Kovrig said he went to the To-

ronto meeting in the hope that the mediator would offer “some words of wisdom” on how the legislation would affect any wage settlement. But the mediator had no advice to offer. And so the city is waiting to hear of the provincial government% plans. If it legislates a 10 per cent wage tieeze Mazmanian said he would cross that bridge when he came to it. If, however, the legislation allows for full negotiation then

Several hundred people gathered outside the Parliament Buildings in a militant demonstration against the Government’s “Green Paper” on Immigration Tuesday. Approximate/y twenty were from Waterloo. The demonstrators stated that the green paper is both racist and fascist; that the government is using it as a tool to attack immigrants and the Canadian people; and that the government has a/ready implimented aspects of the Green Paper. Recognizing these statements, the demonstrators voted to struggle under the slogans of “Withdraw the Green Paper”, “Resolutely Resist and Oppose the arbitrary and Anti-Democratic practices of the Canadian Government”, and “Defeat the Government”,

rts faculty

Few profs, much money If a contingency plan is enforced, the Arts Faculty could end up with too few teachers and too much money, Arts Faculty councillors heard Tuesday. Arts dean Jay Minas, in a report to council, said if government funding remains at its present level, the Faculty will have to reduce its departmental budget by 4.5 percent. Each department is in the throes

of preparing its own contingency plan which will be implemented if the province fails to grant adequate funds to cover costs, Minas said. Orie professor asked Minas whether this plan would mean ‘ ‘more work for less pay” ) to which Minas replied there would be “more work for more pay” as the. number of teachers will dwindle with the across-the-board cutbacks.

Run for your /ife Physically active people are less likely to develop coronary heart disease than inactive people. That was the general agreement of the panel of doctors who spoke to a group of 200 people in the Arts Lecturi Hall l&t week. The seminar on the relationship between exercise and heart attacks was arranged because of public concern over the death of Frank Hirsch, an Electrohome employee. Mr. Hirsch collapsed and died on September 30 while jogging on campus. He had been participating in an exercise program run by the University of Waterloo kinesiology department. The program was planned to get people exercising under expert supervision and to give participants and their families information on proper diet, exercise, stress, and heart disease, according to Dr. Green, University of Waterloo. “The program took average people, tested them for heart risk factors, and only those in good health were accepted,” he said. Each par-

ticipant has an individual program and Mr. Hirsch was at a work level of an extremely fit person, “Heart disease is caused by any number of reasons, exercise or lack of it, being only one,” said Dr. John Sutton, McMaster University. These include heredity, diabetes) high blood pressure, diet, smoking, obesity, personality and inactivity, “It 1sdiecut to damage a healthy heart through prudent exercise,” said Dr. Michael Sharratt, a kinesiology department physiologist. “Exercise, when done correctly, is to be endorsed,” he said. A sensible workout begins with about 10 minutes of warming up, prbgressively more strenuous exercises and then warming down, Dr. Sharratt said. He also recommended a physical examination before beginning any exercise program. Two follow-up sessions of formal lectures and question and answer periods will be sponsored this. fall by the kinesiology department. --terrl

berllnghoft

If the plan is carried out, the dewill not be allowed to appoint professors to tenured positions, Minas said. There would also be greater teaching loads for professors if the plEui is enforced, he added. “However, as of now, there are no programs that I’m aware of that are suffering from lack of funds .’ ’ In addition, Minas delivered a financial report to council which stated that the Faculty has only a $38,000 reserve fund left out of a $8.7 million budget. Close to $6.8 million of the budget goes to pay for teaching staff, a figure whichrepresents 77.5 percent of the Faculty’s funds, Minas said. In another matter; council endorsed a draft policy on the arm rangements necessary for the transfer of professors from one university to another in Ontario, The policy regulates the mechanisms for obtaining ap provals and authorizing payments when a professor wants to exchange universities. “The University of Waterloo encourages the exchange of teaching resources with other institutions where these arrangements are of benefit to the institutions and the post-secondary system as a whole,” the draft policy states. Final approval for the exchange of professors from one institution to another rests with UW’s academic vice-president Tom Brzustowski, after being channelled through the appropriate department chairperson and Faculty dean, partments

-join

morrlr

The dispute over funds in the arts society continues as quorum was again broken at the Oct. 9 meeting and voting on changesmade to the first motion on -Tuesday night was ruled unconstitutional. The original three motions were: -that the remaining 50 percent allotment of the funds for 1975176 under clubs, be put into a common fund to be named club subsidies to which member clubs may apply for support of various club activities, -that guidelines for decisions concerning the allotment of thesefunds be formulated by the social corn= mittee. The guidelines are then to’ be brought to council for discussion and ratification, -that this social committee administer the club activity subsidies in accordance with the guidelines ratified by council, There was very little discussion on any of the motions last Thursday evening and when a vote on the first motion was called, those opposed got up and went for a stroll, As a result the meeting was adjourned with no progress made. After the meeting Doug Antoine of psychology society commented to the chevron that “If a rapport was established with the executive, this would never happen but that rapport doesn’t exist. With the exception of a few.. .the executive doesn’t seem to want to establish that rapport. ’ ’ Later, in a discussion with other council members9 Antoine indicated that there is a fear of the executive on the part of the council members because there are five

By-election Due to vacancies on the Federation Student Council by-elections have been called to fill seats for Science, Environmental Studies9 and Renison College. Second year student Emile Gillizeau and L. A. Gervasio of fourth year won by acclamation for Science. Gary Marshall, a second year student, won the Environmental Studies seat, also by acclamation, Nina Tymoszewicz, in her third year of Social Development Studies, and Cliff Maude, in his first, are contending for the Renison seat, Elections at Renison will be held on the 29th of October, The polling station will be_open from 9:3O to 4:30,

Kovrig told the chevron that the city would negotiate a full package with the transit workers. Until last week the city had held firm that it would not discuss any wage settlement above a 14 per cent increase, though it was willing to talk about lunch breaks, vacations, and other issues. The union dropped its monetary demand twice before the strike but since the pit-ket lines went up has remained firm in its request foi a 20.6 per cent increase for drivers and 19. I per cent for mechanics. The union wants the money issue settled before it would discuss the

other ones. A comprqmise was reached Oct. 8 when both sides agreed to go to mediation on a two year contract with negotiations on all matters. Prior to this only a one year contract was being discussed. Under the old contract drivers were paid a maximum hourly rate of $5.03 and mechanics $5.43. -nelI

dochwty

votiti members on the executive. If the executive is united on an issue and a quorum of 13 exists, they only need two votes for the issue to pass. Later in a discussion with other council members Antoine said> “There is a real fear of the executive on the part of the council members. If there’s a quorum of 13and a vote is taken, all the executive needs is one vote on their side to pass a motion. That is where the real fear lies. ” Cindy Seibel, acting asproxy for one of the Psychology members feels many of thecouncil members are reacting from gut feelings. “What bothers me,” she said9 “is that these emotions don’t come to the floor to be discussed.” Council finally did discuss the issue for the fiist time at the meeting last Tuesday which was absent of both quorum breakers and heated debate. The reason for the apparent tempering of hard feelings was a cornpromise presented by arts society president Bruce Rorisson who withdrew the first of the controversial motions and entered another. The new motion differed from the old in that instead of all of the remaining undistributed club tinds being collected into a common fund, only half would be held back. The other half would be distributed to the clubs in the normal manner. In the ensuing discussion, various objections were made before the suggestion of a vote w-aschallenged as unconstitutional by political science union president Bon Young. He claimed that since the original motion had been changed, it must first be presented at a meeting of the club presidents. Arts society vice-president Kris Sri Bhaggiyadatta, who is-also on the constitution committee, agreed with Young and added that because of the precedence of the matter, they should adhere to the constitution. As a result it was ruled that a vote would not be taken until the next meeting on Ott, 16. If, as stated, one of the purposes of these proposals is to encourage participation at council meetings, ’ it certainly has worked so far. Whether it will continue after this matter is settled is another question, Meanwhile we are forced to wait for a decision despite agreement that too much time hm been spent on the issue already,

friday,

the chevron

Federation

Lost

educational & irktructional development fieldworker salaried

Personal

position)

for the period November 1. ,I975 to April 30,1976

Applications open 17 Oct. and close 27 Oct. Application forms available at Federation Office, Campus Centre.

General Elections for the six (6) seats on the Board of Directors of the Waterloo Chapter of The Ontario Public Interest Research Group (OPIRG) will take place between

November 17 and November 21. All undergraduate students registered at the University of Waterloo who have not received a refund of their $3.00 OPIRG fee are eligible to stand for election and to vote. NOMINATIONS OPEN FRIDAY OCTOBER 10th CLOSE ON FRIDAY OCTOBER 31st AT 3:00 P.M.

and

,’

Further information and nomination up at the OPIRG office in CHEMISTRY

,,I

One jade cross in PAC Sunday nite. Sentimental value. Phone Dave 886-0876. Peterson tobacco pipe, black stem natural grain briar. Lost at Campus Centre Pub Friday Oct. 3rd. Reward $5.00. Phone Ed 744-0860.

is planning to hire an

(full-time

17, 1975

of Students

Board of Education _

October

Pregnant & Distressed? The Birth Control Centre is an information and referral centre for birth control, V.D., unplanned pregnancy and sexuality. For all the alternatives phone 8851211 ext. 3446 (Rm. 206, Campus Centre) or for emergency numbers 884-8770. Pregnant and%Pleased! Prenatal classes based on Lamaze, begin every 6 weeks (except Dee). Waterloo Regional Health Unit 744-7357. Pregnant?! What am I going to do? Call BIRTHRIGHT for confidential help. 5793990 Free Pregnancy tests. Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre, Rm. 217C. Open Monday-Thursday 7-l 0 pm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 885-l 211 ext. 2372. Big Brass Inc. (Jazz Band). If you play trumpet, trombone, sax or piano and.are into reading some good jazz charts, call Mark 884-3708 or Paul 884-l 845. (Must have your own ax.)

1967 Pontiac Laurentian, good 8 cylinder motor. As is $100.00.884-5902. Digging both Thoreau and Nietzsche, the odd reader may unearth LOVELIFE, 190-page offset quart0 bible: $5 from Solus Impress, Box 899; Creston, BC. “a rare delight. . . one man’s tao. . .” Small Press Review. 1971 Peugeot 504. Rufoof radio tape system. ‘Good condition. Best offer. Call 884-l 242 after 5pm.

Typing Typing at home: 743-3342; Westmount area; theses, essays; reasonable rates, excellent service; no math papers. Fast accurate typing. 40 cents a page. IBM Selectric. Located in Lakeshore Village. Call 8846913 anytime. Essays typed 45 cents a page. Call Debbie at 745-8941. Will meet at university to pick up and deliver essays. Experienced typist will do typing in home. University papers, essays, manuscripts, etc. Call Debbie 576-5648 after five. Will do typing in my home at reasonable rates. Experience. Phone anytime 884-9384.

Housing

Wanted

For Sale

Accommodation for 4 people in the upcoming winter term (Jan-May 76). Will sublet or take over lease. Phone (416) 634-2816 after 7:30pm or write Michael Rose, 504 Indian Road, Burlington, Ont.

Cibie headlight conversions, Koni shocks, Stebro exhaust systems, most accessories at discount prices. George after 6pm. 744-5598. .

Reliable married woman would like to babysit in your home in KitchenerWaterloo, days. Call 884-2258.

Babysitting

2. The Housing Industry in Canada: Many people are finding it increasingly difficult to house themselves adequately at acost they can afford, This aimed at an investigation of various aspects of the problem including land ownership patterns, speculation, ment Companies, and Finance Institutions, just to name a few. 3. Occupational Health and Safety:

project

Develop-

explanations put forth to identify their causes. The second part of the project amounts to a critical evaluation of the responses of workers, corporations and government agencies. 4. Corporate Profiles: Canadians by and large know very little about the extent of the influence major corporations have over the social, political, and economic affairs of Canada. This project is directed toward an analysis of such giant concerns as Bell Canada, Syncrude, Imperial Oil, Canadian Development Corporation, Trizec, Argus, Power Corporation, Upjohn,

forms can be picked 1 ROOM 351 l

The Ontario Public Interest Research Group (OPIRG) is an independent research,’ education, and community action-oriented organization funded and controlled by the students of Waterloo and McMaster Universities. By linking university-based research projects with strategies for bringing about social change, the OPIRG staff, students, faculty members, and community volunteers try to bridge the gap between academic study and the day-to-day problems facing our society: Academic credit can be arranged for projects that are related to courses already offered by the university. If you want your term papers, essays, and projects to contribute to more than just your own degree, come and join us. Call or send a note to Dave Robertson or Terry Moore in Chemistry 1

* chief returning officer

going on at Waterloo and other universities development and maintenance of a cross index of all information in the data bank

4. Newsletter: * assist with production of a community newsletter to be sent out through OPlRG’s Consumer Action Centre in Kitchener 5. Consumer Action Centre: * researchers * complaint officers

friday,

October

the chevron

17, 1975

Controlled

environment

Rare book collection The rare book collection has moved to the newly renovated first floor of the arts library and will be opening officially on November 7th. The rooms that house the collection have a specially controlled temperature of 20 degrees Celsius with a humidity factor of 50 per cent. This controlled temperature is essential for the preservation of the books. Rare books cannot be taken outside these special rooms. Within the controlled environment there is room for eight people to study material under a librarian’s supervision. The collection is used mainly by scholarly researchers but the rare books are available to anyone with a bona fide reason for using them. Doris Lewis, collections development librarian, made an acquisition for the first rare book in 1960 to begin the collection. Since then the collection has grown steadily and now encompasses approximately 15,000 items. The oldest item in the collection

dates back to 1505 with some leaves of early Greek printing. Literature composes the main volume of the collection while History books are the next most numerous. Any book printed prior to 1800 is automatically kept in the collection as a safeguard to deterioration. First editions of 19th century books, especially those by important authors, are kept in rare books because they are valuable. There is much that is unique within the collection. Such an item is the poet and philosopher George Santayana’s private collection of books with his original margin notes. Also there is the definitive edition of books written by Santayana. The Lady Aberdeen Collection which is a part of the large feminist collection gave rise to wide-spread publicity which inspired numerous donations of private correspondence and papers of notable literary figures. There is also a large collection of 19th century juvenile literature

_--The current crisis of United States imperialism and Soviet Union social imperialism, and support for the People’s Republic of China will be the theme of a symposium to be held next week at uw. Entitled: “China, the Superpowers and the Threat of World War”, the symposium will feature Leo Johnson, UW history professor, Hardial Bains, chairman of the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) and M.T. Fann, professor at York University, and author and editor of many books about China. The symposium will take place Thursday, Oct. 23 at 8:00 pm in Physics 145. The upcoming symposium follows two previous ones on the same theme: one held last Nov. 11 at UW sponsored by the AntiImperalist Alliance and another on Feb. 14, 1975 presented by the Marxist Institute in Toronto. Johnson, Bains and Fann were the main speakers in these previous

meetings, both of which had packed audiences and animated discussion. The AIA, whichis organizing the symposium, believes the subject remains a timely one as the contradictions in the capitalist world intensify and the contradictions between socialist construction in people’s China and the world crisis of imperialism deepens. The symposium will underline the need for a thorough understanding of the nature of imperialism and the basis for it in monopoly capitalism. The creative role of China, her own internal socialist construction, her opposition to imperialism and social imperialism, and her support for national liberation struggles will be a principal theme as well. The symposium will present an excellent opportunity to examine the historic role that China is playing in the world today and to deepen our understanding of the world crisis of imperialism. -henry

Indian e ucation “Great resources are spent on Indian education,” said Dr. Lloyd Barber, Indians Claims Commissioner for Canada and Presidentdesignate for the University of Regina, speaking here on October 9th. Barber saidIndians want modern education, but don’t want their children to lose the culture. This will happen if they integrate with Federal schools . “Are white people educable to the fact that Indians are educable,” asked Barber? He suggested the Indians need a chance to help themselves. He said we need more imaginative resources to solve the problems of Indian education. A paper is being prepared to establish an Indian Cultural College. This will be run with the aid of the University of Saskatchewan. One of its aims would be to teach Indians to be social workers. “Drop-out rates are appalling,” said Barber. He commented that he didn’t know any Indian engineers. He said the record is very weak of Indians educating themselves in order to do importantjobs at home.

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which is studied by scholars of Children’s Literature and Historians of that period. A large private press collection including a number of books published by the renowned Golden Cockerel Press helps to make the collection a delight for bibliophiles and antiquarians. The private presses usually publish beautifully bound limited editions with fine printing on expensive paper. Not all books within the main body of the collection are rare but they are preserved for different reasons; some are preserved because of their fine bindings or expensive illustrations. It is difficult to define the exact nature of a rare book. Murray Shepherd , chief librarian, defines

them loosely as, “books that are valuable in their own right and usually difficult to obtain.” Lewis points out that, “books are not added to the collection for collections sake; all the books within the collection support research and study.” The library archives are also housed in this section. There is a special women’s archive that contains the letters and papers of 17 women. This is manuscript material and is chiefly used for women’s studies. The university archives are not kept with the rare books because of their voluminous size but can be handled through the department. Plates, flat engravings and lithographs are kept separately

within the collection and can be examined by fine art students. Xeroxes must be frequently made of items printed on pulp (which is the normal medium of modern books) for, despite the controlled environment, there is still a decaying process over time. Lewis is the main purchaser of rare books but faculty members can suggest acquisitions for rare books in their field of study. Donations by private individuals also add to the assemblage. If you feel you have the potential to become a famous literary lion, preserve your papers and correspondence so that one day your relatives and benefactors can bequeath them to the arts library.

Chinese deleaates -

Canadian universities are currently hosting an official delegation from the People’s Republic of China consisting of ten senior members of China’s higher education sys tern. Last Tuesday the delegation visited the University of Waterloo’s engineering department and the local B.F. Goodrich plant to look at the nature of the co-op system. The delegation consisted of members of the Revolutionary Committees of several universities and other teaching staff. They were accompanied by members of the Chinese embassies in Ottawa and Paris (France), and by an official of the Department of External Affairs in Ottawa who acted as tour-guide. Their stay at the university had to be shortened to allow the delegation to visit Niagara Falls. Therefore, to the disappointment of some people who showed up, the informal discussion with faculty, staff and students lasted only ten minutes instead of the previously planned 90 minutes. However, the visit to the Goodrich plant lasted 45 minutes longer than planned, during which the vice-president of Goodrich compared the weather in China and Canada. The public relations manager came up with the line: “The people of B .F. Goodrich welcome the people of China,” and in honour of the occasion a Chinese waiter brought Chinese tea and cookies. Before lunch the director of

-w

coordination, R.J. Wieskr, explained to the delegation some aspects of the co-op system. He was assisted by the associate dean of engineering, G.N. Soulis, who also led the group through the labs and the machine shop of the engineering department. In the machine shop a member of the Chinese delegation pointed out to the chevron that the machineoperators would be part of the teaching staff in China. In the afternoon the delegates had the opportunity to talk to two engineering co-op students on their work-term at B.F. Goodrich. They were very interested how the students combined their work and school experiences and, among others , asked questions about salary-relationships with permanent employees and the students’ contact with the production place. On the way out one delegate commented to, the chevron on the fact that the rooms of executives and engineers were nicely airconditioned and bright while the production area was rather hot and a less pleasant environment. Upon return to the university a short meeting with students, staff and faculty allowed the delegates to ask several questions dealing mainly with student activities. When the discussion revolved around Engsoc publication, Enginews, the society’s president was obviously cautious. On the way to the bus the chevron conducted a short interview with Ms. Liu Hsiang-Yun,

vice-president of the Revolutionary Committee of the No. 1 Medical College of Shanghai. She is also Director of the Children’s Hospital and professor of pediatrics. She was asked about the selection process of students for universities and about the significance of diplomas and degrees r She explained that after highschool everybody goes out to work. The workers choose from their midst those whom they consider most qualified for university. Diplomas or degrees do not exist in China. “Everybody is equal,” she said. University education is not valued more highly than work experience and does not result in better economic status. yeorge

eider

talk

Barber said there are “unsettled responsibilities” and “broken properties’ ’ concerning the Indians. These exist in all walks of, Indian life and must be reconciled. Barber said he has no real power to help the Indians. He can only recommend things to be done. The policy of the government, he said, is “we will honour lawful obligations.” But he posed the question, ‘ ‘Is lawful legal?” Barber told the audience that Indian claims go to the Department of Justice where it is decided if there are grounds for a court case. Most cases never get any further. He said there ‘are “very few settlements .” Barber said, “things can’t be settled on legal grounds.” He feels they must be settled on economical and social grounds. Barber advocates that an outsider (like himself) who has some independence and can “dabble” will be much more help to the Indians. -leona

kyrtow

“Co for your saddlebag, pardner!” These two gentlemen of the Wild West were formerly involved in a shootout at the Ponderosa Steak House. Following the shooting at the Brampton high school in june, customers in Brampton complained about the violent theme, and in deference to their feelings it is now policy for a// Ponderosa cowboys to stage their gunfights with saddlebags.

friday,

the chevron

Education

by cassette

Coriespondence Favourable Lake lies about 200 miles north of Kenora, on that part of the map where roads and land concede to a splattering of lakes. A land where angels fear to trear) unless well beclothed in winter wollens. Yet there is a man in that town who sits by his fne of an evening and takes courses from this university. He never attends lectures here. Instead taped lectures are sent to him, and often he requests that they be sent out early before the lake freezes and cuts off the postal service. scholar of The lonesome Favourable Lake is one of 2,500 students enrolled in UW’s correspondence program. The university offers 122 courses by correspondence, which is the biggest selection in Canada. Ottawa has the second largest correspondence program with 55 courses. The University of British Columbia has 36, and Western has 32. UW’s program started in 1968/69 with four courses. At that time it

was used mainly by teachers trying to upgrade their qualifications, but last year about 34 per cent-of the students were going for degrees. Course director, professor Jim Leslie, says the success of the program is largely due to the use of tapes. The human voice, he says, is far less formal than a stack of documents, and fits into the general theme of the program which is to reproduce, as closely as possible, the on-campus situation. This theme is enhanced by a set of notes sent out to each student which include all of the drawings and diagrams used by a professor in class. The rapid growth of the program is only one measure of its success, said Leslie at a press conference last Friday. Others are the numbers of students who return for more courses and the low drop out rate of 30 per cent whit h compares with 65 per cent in correspondence courses at other universities and 85 per cent of students who drop out of high school correspondence courses. The bulk of the students come

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courses poptilar from Ontario. Toronto and the twin cities supply the largest numbers, but UW scholars can be found in Bruce and Simcoe counties and there are 30 writing from Algoma. There are also a few students from other provinces and the IJS, and from the armed forces serving in Europe. In all it takes 50,000 tapes to supply the far flung students with intellectual fodder from 120 professors.

Each iape is 40 minutes long and there are about 40 lectures to a course. Most students take one course though an increasing number are opting for two. No part-time student at the university is expected to take more than two courses. As yet there have been no graduates from the program, but Leslie expects some within the next couple of years. He estimates it would take a

Ctmtmct ratiied A new one-year contract between Local 793 of the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) and the University of Waterloo (UW) has.;been accepted by the union membership and UW’s board of governors. The contract was signed in June by the union and the executive committee of the board of governors. It received technical ratification by the full board at their last meeting, October 7. The contract, which will run from July 1, 1975 to June 30, 1976, calls for a 15 per cent increase for plant operations people and a 12 and one half per cent increase for food services employees who were ’ certified last year for the first time. _ The new contract integrates both groups and provides a minimum rate of $3.43 per hour for a 40-hour week. In addition the contract inthe number of paid creases holidays from 10 to 11 or 12 (11 in some years, 12 in others, depending on holiday dates). This provides a consistent holiday policy throughout the university with all employees, union and non-union, on the same paid holiday pattern. There are-about 385 men and

women in Local 793 with 260 in plant operations and 125 in food services. The plant operations include 10 categories covering custodians, grounds people, trades people and stationary engineers. The -new rates range from $3.43 for custodians to $6.38 for stationary engineers . The plant operations group was formerly on a two-year contract with a minimum rate of $2.94 per hour. The food services group was certified last year and signed its first contract last fall, with a minimum rate of $3.05 per hour. Under the new contract there are seven categories of food services employees with rates ranging from $3.43 for food services assistants to $4.82 for bakers. According to Ernie Lucy, UW’s personnel manager, the increased costs resulting from the new contract will not affect the university’s 1975-76 budget, which calls for an estimated $1.2 million deficit. The contract also provides that members of the local will receive the same changes in benefits as other UW employees in the event of any changes in UW’s benefit policies within the next year.

correspondence student five or six years to attain a three year degree. The program offers three year arts, mathematics and science degrees , and a four year mathematics degree which involves one year at the university full-time. There are degrees also two graduate available-a masters in science and masters in physics and a mathematics. The arts’ courses are the most popular. Students write the exams either on campus or at centres in Toronto and Hamilton. For those in more isolated localities arrangements are made for a proctor, e.g. a high school teacher or minister, to invigilate the exam. The cost to the correspondence student is the same as to a part-time student-$120 per course. There is also a $35 deposit on the tapes. The requirements are the same for students both part-time and fulltime. The correspondence program, as with all university courses, is funded in part by the provincial government’s Basic Income Unit grant (a grant based on per student enrollment figures and varying according to the course and year the students enrol1 in). The direct costs of the program to the university equals $700,000. It has an income of $1.3 million but Leslie stressed that there were many hidden costs, since the program uses existing facilities which makes a complete tabulation difficult. Thus he said the program just covered itself. But UW president, Burt Matthews, said that there were hints emanating from the provincial government that funding for the program might be diminished. If that happens, he said the program would have to be cut. -neil

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October

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, The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) will step up its operations in the U.S. and intensified repression will fdllow, former CIA agent, Philip Agee, told about 100 people in the Humanities Theatre on Wednesday night. It is “clear as day”, he said, that as unemployment worsens and people lose faith in their government, they will turn to “alternative parties” and the CIA will be directed to apply methods of repression that it has confined to foreign countries -up until now. In reference to Canada, Agee said that the CIA cooperates with the RCMP and that it presently observes a formal agreement between the U.S. and Commonwealth countries prohibiting intelligence .gperations in each other’s territory without prior knowvdge. However if Canada experiences a significant growth in economic nationalism and/or left wing activity, which the U.S. perceives as a threat, the CIA will undertake a secret and aggressive penetration of such organizations as trade unions and political groups. Agee stresseg that the CIA is the instrument of the president and not an “invisible government” or outof-control bureaucracy. ’ As the operating arm of the National Seci urity Council, of which the U.S. president is chairman, it “props up &ends and tries to beat down enemies in any given country” to promote “optimum conditions for the operations of American-based multi-national corporations .’ ’ He believes that it cannot be reformed. On the subject of Portugal, Agee said that the U.S. government mission there total’s abbut 280 (180 U.S. citizens, 100 U.S. military men) including 9 or 10 who are definitely CIA agents. The CIA’s first priorities, he said, are to penetrate the Armed

Forces Movement, the Catholic Church, the Socialist Party and the trade unions in promoting a moderate Social Democratic government. He dismissed as ridiculous President Ford’s recent lament in the U.S. News and World Report that because of the CIA investigation and all the limitations placed on it in the aTea of covert operations, the CIA cannot be working in Portugal. He bitterly quoted Ford* as also saying, one year after the coup in Chile, that the bloody coup was in the best interests of the people. Recruited straight from college by the CIA in 1957, Agee was trained for the clandestine services division, which engages in secret operations around the world, and became & field intelligence officer stationed at various times in Quito, Montevideo and Mexico City. His first job was doing’ name checks on prospei=tive employees of the Creole Petroleum Company in Caracas, dredging up all the derogatory information he could find to weed out political risks. He pointed out that Creole is the principal subsidiary of Standard Oil of New

Jersey--Exxon-which is a pillar‘ of the Rockefeller family fortune. Agee was assigned to Latin America in 1960 mainly because the Cuban Revolutiofl, one and a half years later, was so alarming in its popularity that U. S . policy was to isolate Cuba by forcing Latin American governments to break off relations and by promoting the repression of left wing organizations. Unlike the poptilar image of the CIA as a vacuum cleaner sucking up information indiscriminately, Agee said “the CIA has always used the information it collected.” He cited Chile as a model for the methods used by the CIA to gain control. It penetrates and manipulates the institutions of power such as political parties, security services, the military, youth and student movements, trade unions, cultural organizations and the public information mediti. Agee joined the (IIA at a time when nearly every Latin American country had a reform leader and the U.S. was implementing its Alliance for Progress program. He really believed, he said, that he was helping to create political stability in Latin America which would promote economic growth leading to liberal’ reforms. -_ He began to be convinced that the CIA was serving the interests of the wrong people while in Ecuador where he realized that 500 or 100’0 families had completely cornered the wealth in that country while the majority of the population went without schools, medical care or an adequate diet. This feeling increased when he went to Uruguay where the “ traditional political parties and the ruling class were so unbelievably corrupt that every week there was a .new scandal breaking”. Agee was already disaffected with his job in 1966 but stayed on for three more years, mainly be-

Philip Agee photo by Steve mcmullan

Philip Agee, a former agent of the CIA, spoke about the US intelligence agency in a lecture sponsored by the UW Federation of Students. Those who attended heard Agee describe C/A operations in Latin America during the sixties. photo by Steve mcmullan

cause of marriage and money problems, before he resigned. A year later he began to write his book, Inside the Company, which took about five years to complete. He wrote while living in Paris and London, nearly always broke and under constant surveillance by the CIA. Even his typewriter was bugged. While Agee would like to see the CIA abolished as a result of the House Investigation into its activities, he thinks it will do n,o more

than perhaps set up a joint oversight committee. All the “horrors” will be shown to be only abuses or exceptions to I the rules, and he predicted, the director of the CIA William Colby may be asked to resign. However the validity of the CIA will not come into question, Agee believes, but’ it will continue its op&ationsaround the world, “plugging up holes in the political darn.” . -dionyx

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October

1’7, I 975

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company selling research papers in Maryland did its homework well enough to have a state law banning the sale of term papers overthrown in a Maryland Circuit Court this summer. The law-matched ‘statutes in a dozen -prohibited anyone assistance in preparing that were required for gree. The maximum violating the law was or six months in jail.

by similar other states fr-om selling term papers a college de- penalty for a $1,000 fine

The term paper sale ban was ruled unconstitutional in the court test, with a circuit court judge ruling that the law was too broad and didn’t r,equire that the seller have knowledge of what the research paper was to be used for. The law, the court ruled, made the seller responsible for whatever use

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the paper was put to. Harry Raymond, the research salesperson, has since left the business but assistant state’s attorney Wallace Klide has filed an appeal to a higher Maryland court. Klide claims that a number of research fiims still haunt the college park area near the University of Maryland and he still wants a definitive ruling on the law to rout them out if possible. The Maryland law is similar to statutes in New York, California, MasVirginia, Pennsylvania, sachusetts, Ohio and a handful of other states which ban the sale of term papers. Two years ago Boston University made successful use of the Massachusetts law and obtained the names of students using illegal term paper services. Some students using the term paper services were dismissed from school, while others had grades lowered in

courses for which they had purchased papers. But advertisements for research assistance can still be found in student newspapers across the country. An unidentified spokesperson for Collegiate Research Systems, a California-based research assistance firm, said that the laws are nothing but harassment ‘of businesses that should be protected the First Amendment under guarantee of freedom of speech. Collegiate Research and other firms run disclaimers in their advertisements stating that they don’t offer their products as finished papers, the spokesperson said. provide They ‘ ‘simply research” -at $2.75 to $7.50 per “and then it’s the students weperogative in deciding how to use it.” “You can use or misuse any: thing, just as you could go to the

library and copy out of a textbook for a term paper. But we should be given equal protection under free speechjust as a library would,” the spokesperson claimed. Collegiate Research keeps a file of “acouple thousand” papers and a stable of freelance writers whodo original research on demand. All of their writers must have a bachelors degree and most hold a masters degree.- Writers are usually given a maximum of one week to finish a lo-page paper. Another California firm advertises- “thousands of topics” at $2.75 a page in their 160-page catalogue. A Research Assistance advertisement claims their research material “is sold for research assistance only-not as a finished academic product.” Although a representative said the firm supplies research work to businesses as well as students, it has been hurt by association with

companies only providing finished term papers to students. Because of this, some student papers refuse to accept their ads representatives / claimed. The Collegiate Research that spokesperson claimed harassment of research firms has been instigated by pressure from community on the academic politicians. They are “hyprocrites ,” he claimed, “who could care less about the Constitution.” They may be morally indignant, he said, but they don’t have a legal foot to stand on. In Maryland, state attorney Klide said he recognized the freedom of speech issue involved in cases involving research assistance firms, but added that “to write term papers and sell them to someone else is defrauding the community and the state. What is a degree worth then?” -He called the First Amendment rights argument used by research houses “specious” and said that a logical conclusion of it would be to provide under-privileged students with money so they could buy prepared papers and compete with wealthier students who could hire professionals. I

Academic control WINNIPEG (CUP)-The University of Manitoba has become the first major English University in Canada to approve a contract establishing the right of academics, rather than administrators, to make recommendations on academic decisions: A new collective agreement has been reached between the U of M faculty association and the board of governors which gives the Social Work faculty association the rights of hiring and promoting faculty members. The ratified contract is effective until March 3 1, 1976 and provides members with an overall 16.5 per cent salary increase retroactive to April 1, 1975.

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October

17, 1975

Student groups slam,med QUEBEC CITY (CUPrThe newb formed National Association of Quebec Students (ANEQ) has blasted much of the Canadian Student Movement for allegedly refusing to develop relations with their association, while at the same time calling for “unity between students of Quebec and Canada.” According to a resolution passed at the ANEQ Congress held here Sept. 27-28: “The National Union of Students, the Ontario Federation of Students, The Atlantic Federation of Students and Canadian University Press have refused outright to establish even an informal unity with ANEQ.” “We find this act to be unfriendly and unopportune at a time when it is necessary to build unity in the face of a common enemy” the resolution stated. The motion was ANEQ’s response to the decision by the groups named in the resolution to “indefinitely postpone” a conference between ANEQ and the Canadian student groups planned for last summer. The reasons given for the postponement as indicated m a July letter from those groups to ANEQ, was that the Canadian student movement itself is not sufficiently developed to enter through NUS into a formal alliance with ANEQ. The ANEQ resolution called this reason “insufficient” for cancellation of the conference. Another part of the resolution stressed “the necessity and ANEQ’s continued willingness to achieve unity between Quebec and Canadian students in the face of a common enemy” but made it clear that ANEQ will now focus on provincial and regional student organizations, rather than NUS.

Education QUEBEC CITY (CUP) Government education policy and control of student services were two major topics discussed at the third Congress of the National Association of Quebec Students (ANEQ), held here Sept 27-28. Some of the more significant policy statements adopted at the conference were that all Quebec students should resist any attempts at implementing the government’s controversial Nadeau Report, that students should fight to regain control over student services budgets, and that ANEQ rejects the present system of student loans and bursaries . Regional councils and member associations, another directive said, should make concentrated efforts at politicizing the student body on the issues at hand, and to continue to research and study the implications of government education policies.

Students Ishould have to pay own education costs TORONTO (CUP)Ontario students should have to pay for their own university or college education, the new Minister of Colleges and Universities, Dr. Harry Parrott, has indicated. Parrott received his university edu‘cation free through a veteran’s plan. Parrott is replacing James Auld who has been given a lateral promotion to chairman of the (cabinet) Management Board. Parrott has been contrastingly described as a “tough, technical” man by Toronto Board of Education Trustee Bob Spencer and as a “social Darwinist whose ideas come from the 19thcentury” by the Ontario Federation of Students. Parrott only made twocomments concerning college in the last sitting of the legislature as parliamentary assistant to the minister. One of the comments regarding minor legislation over the Ontario EducaCommunications Autional

thority was simply, “I have very little to say.” On another occasion at Scarborough College, Parrott created some controversy by saying “As far as I’m concerned all people on welfare are just lazy.” Doctor Parrott is a dentist who was first elected as conservative MPP for Oxford in 1971. Bob Spencer, Toronto Board of Education trustee predicted “tough days ahead for student loans” with the appointment of Parrott to the Cabinet. Spencer said budgets will probably become tighter for colleges and universities. But Spencer also noted since the Davis Government has retained Thomas Wells as Minister of Education, there might be more money flowing into the public school system. “Wells is known to be soft on teachers and we (the Toronto Board of Education) have done well with dealing with him”

’

Spencer said, “but there is going to be a lot of money spent on education very soon.” Spencer anticipated money will be available for salaries for public school teachers and that money might be at the expense of funds for post-secondary education. Chris Harries, information officer for the Ontario Federation of Students, said that Parrott will probably only have limited power in the new Davis Cabinet. “If in Parrott’s view he should cut the budget for his department, he will probably have to go back to the cabinet before he makes a decision because of the minority government situation”, Harries explained. The significance of the new appointment will not be known until Parrott is able to settle into his new post, and will also depend on what kind of impression he can make on the department’s bureaucratic machinery.

WE’RE Off TO DKOVERTHE

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policy’ discussed The turnout and the success of the National Congress held at CEGEP Limoilou in Quebec City Sept. 27-28 was generally considered “excellent” by the organizing committee. They estimated that 250 to 300 delegates and observers attended the conference. _ ANEQ’s reelected secretary general Pierre Laroche stated that the congress was “very much superior compared to the last one”. Other people elected by the congress to ANEQ’s executive are secretary treasurer Y ves Masse, information secretary Daniel Dagenais, along with general executive members Yves Mallette and James Demers. Resolutions on the government’s Nadeau Report criticized it simply as a rationale to “suit the political needs” of centralization and budget cuts during a time of economic crises and that the report is in no way designed to improve post-secondary education in the province. ANEQ has decided that because of the size and complexity of the report further “large scale study and criticism” is needed but that students should be alert to the possible implementation of the Nadeau Report and be prepared to fight it. The sensitive loans and bursaries issue that prompted the massive strike action of last year was also debated. Again ANEQ has rejected the governments program on the

University Saturday

grounds that it still does not fulfil1 true student needs and has mandated the regional councils to investigate different forms of protest action on the situation. A new twist in ANEQ’s fight against the government is the resolution to develop campaigns to regain control over student services budgets. Currently these are controlled by the local administrations of the various institutions and fund such things as extravagant and prestigious intercollegiate sports that offer little to the average student. ANEQ wants to see the situation return to the way it was with many institutions in the mid sixties when students set student services priorities by controlling the budgets. The congress also discussed the rights of high school students. The result is that ANEQ will be looking into the possibility of helping high school students to organize themselves. The question of part-time and evening association was brought up at the conference. It was agreed that these students have different needs from full time day students and are often inadequately represented by regular student associations. The National Congress suggested that part-time and evening students form their own province wide association as part of the ANEQ organization . -

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friday,

the chevron

Alberth

ed students

EDMONTON (CUP)-About 150 education students at the U of Alberta marched on the legislature building Oct. 1 demanding a resolution of the dispute between the AlTeat her’s Association berta (ATA), the university and the provincial government over implementation of extended “practicum” programs for students. The dispute centres around the ATA’s demand that teachers be provided additional pay for work done in supervising education students in their classroom “praccourses, and the ticum’ ’ government’s refusal to meet this demand. The students problem is that none have yet been allowed by the teachers into the classrooms, pending resolution of the dispute, yet completion of the practicum is a mandatory degree requirement for education students. Education minister Julian Koziak met with the students diswith them cussing the government’s stand on the issue,

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and trying to communicate the government was both cognizant of and sympathetic to the education students problems. ‘ ‘I had a meeting yesterday (Tuesday) with the President of the university, the dean of education, and the associate dean of education, and we were made aware of their and your concerns,” he told the group. A statement on behalf of education students was to be read to the minister complaining that they felt they were unfairly being used as pawns in the scuffle, and references were made to the financial costs of students if degree requirements could not be filled. The students supported the ATA’s demands for release time, but not to the extent that their degrees could be used as a lever in the dispute. The statement ended with a demand for immediate action. Some students had lost as much as two weeks time in their courses because they were not allowed into classes to student teach under the

October

17, I 975

march on legislature

new program, and felt their degrees were in jeopardy since they could not fulfil the new degree requirements. Others asked why, if the government had authorized the extended program, they were not willing to pay the increased costs resulting from it. Koziak then gave the group his view of the situation. “The Board of Teacher Education and Certification decided that as of 1976 teachers would need a Bachelor’s degree in Education to

teach. They also felt it would be beneficial if students could have a degree of practice, in conjunction with their educations. “This was brought to the Faculty of Education and they said they would be unable to implement the program without additional funds of $400 per student over a period of three years .” This the government agreed to, he said. “Subsequently, the ATA said they could not participate if teachers were not given release

time to spend with students. ” Meanwhile, it has been learned that university and AT A officials met on Sept. 22 and that an “interim agreement” may soon be reached which would have the students back in the classrooms. The details of any such agreement are not yet known, but it is believed the ATA will agree to have the 650 education students in the classrooms on the same basis as previous years, while the issue of release time for the “new extended” practicum is worked out.

Tuition rise cfiticize CALGARY (CUP)-A recommendation to . the ‘University of Calgary’s student council to increase tuition fees for foreign students has met with heavy criticism from International students on this campus. The proposal, spearheaded by academic commission member Paul Wolf and his brother student president Dave Wolf, called for an increase of $2,300 in tuition fees for international students. The revenue expected to be gained would be channelled into a scholarship fund for universityqualified international students who would not otherwise have the means to finance their own educa‘\ tion, said Paul Wolf. Dave Wolf said “very few, ‘if any, international students of modest means are attending the Uni-

versity of Calgary. The cost of transportation, tuition, and living must certainly be prohibitive to all but the well-heeled .” The vice-president of the International Student - Association (ISA), Din Ladak, feels that the brothers are “assuming too much” about the economic status of foreign students. “We barely can afford to pay tuition and rents ,” he said. According to Benita Catherasoo, past president of the ISA, “some students arrive barely able to pay their plane fare. If they live in a society with an extended family system, the admission fee is paid b-y a relative”. According to the Wolf brothers, groups that would be exempt from the increase would be landed imare potential migrants (who Canadians) , students here on

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scholarships and possibly poor foreign students. A means test would be administered to determine the latter. Meanwhile, according to the student newspaper, “to raise tuition-fees for international students makes a mockery of the whole system.” It argued that setting up a scholarship fund for third world students is not a bad idea, but to count on the money coming from other international students is rather ill-conceived. “Any student who could afford the $9,200 for the U of C’s prestigious degree might find him/herself tempted by some bargain-rate degree. The funds for scholarships would soon dry up and the U of C would find itself-depopulated of international students. ’ ’ At an impromptu meeting with international students president Wolf changed his stand in midstride. He said his personal contact with international students was limited and that he could be wrong about their financial status.. Wolf said the main reason for the proposal was to help underprivileged international students through the scholarship fund and thereby increase foreign student registrations . Crowd reaction at the meeting indicated the opposite effect would occur in significant numbers.

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OTTAWA-As a means of payment, cash does have its merits, whatever the associated risks of loss and theft. But now that transferring money by other means has become more lucrative for certain interests, the role of cash is being steadily downplayed. Recently we have witnessed the credit explosion of general cards-Chargex and Masterby the banks charge-issued and accepted at a large variety of retail outlets. For those who pay their accounts on time, there is no direct charge for this service, but the banks take a cut of roughly four per cent on all credit purchases to cover administration, carrying charges and profits. This four per cent cost is spread around and shared by all customers, creditbuying and cash-paying alike. General credit cards have been a boon in helping independent merchants compete against the large department store chains, but the greatest beneficiaries have been the banks, especially with the high interest rates on overdue accounts. . But the best is yet to come. Financial institutions, computer manufacturers, telecommunications carriers and the federal government are working toward what is called an electronic payments system. This involves a vast computer link-up with terminals in a wide variety of outlets, so that at some point in the future, instead of pulling out cash, credit card or cheque-book to pay the butcher or the hydro company, you will simply produce a specially coded plastic card which will be inserted into a computer terminal; the money will be transferred electronically from your bank account to theirs, and the transaction recorded automatically. Many employers now pay wages directly into employee’s bank accounts, finding that it reduces administrative costs. Similarly, many people have the bank look after their utility bills. This kind of unforeseen transfer of funds is the principle behind j electronic payments, but equipment of much greater sophistication is to be brought into use. Some banks now have computer terminals which record transac-

tions and annotate customers’ benefit handsomely nonetheless pass-books. These systems are infrom the expanded markets for ternal to the banks using them: they computer equipment any system of electronic payments would create. connect only the branches of one The biggest winner is Bell bank, but not other banks or financial institutions. What the govern- Canada. Telephone lines are alment proposes, in a position paper ready used very extensively for presented last January, is a system data transmission, and Bell, as by which would link all financial infar the largest telecommunications stitutions with each other and with carrier in the country, is bound to their customers on a fee-for-use play a pre-eminent role in transmitbasis. ting payments data. Over 60 per It is not characteristic of the precent of Canada’s population lives in sent Liberal government to take Bell territory which encompasses major initiatives in directing demost of Ontario and Quebec, where velopments of a commercial naall the major banks have their ture. The myth of “the free play of headquarters. Bell totally still has a strong market forces” dominates the Trans-Canada Telegrip on the Department of Finance, phone System, which groups most of the telephone companies though not necessarily on the Deto partment of Communications, with _ operating in Canada. According which it is jointly working on this an .estimate in The Financial Post, initiative. In fact, this may be reBell’s present capital investment is about $5,000 million for the entire garded as one of the tangible offshoots of the recent Green Paper Canadian telecommunications industry. on communications policy, which Bell plans a construction progrecognized the importance of data ram of $836 million for 1975, the networks in the national commajority of this in expanding and munications grid. upgrading basic telephone service. These government proposals have a number of advantages over It raises this money partly by borthe more anarchic forms of de- rowing, partly by sales of stock and velopment favoured by some inpartly by the large profits on its terests. It provides for standardizaconsolidated operations. tion of equipment, thus avoiding By far the greater part of its wasteful duplication and problems operating profits comes from basic of interconnection. The fee-for-use telephone service, which, as well system provides a greater relative as being the largest part of Bell benefit to smaller institutions, such operations, is also the longest esas credit unions, ‘caisses tablished and therefore the best populaires’ and the smaller banks amortized. With its lower debt and trust companies, which cannot charges, the basic telephone serafford to set up their own networks vice is in effect supporting newer as can the larger banks and trust fields of endeavour such as data transmission. companies. The proposals also Using the revenues from one opeliminate the possibility of dependence upon any single supplier of eration to finance another is normal corporate practice, but Bell has computer equipment, and ensure been appealing for higher teleCanadian rather than 87 multinational phone rates on the grounds that the control. money was needed to maintain and IBM was less than pleased with the government proposals. As an expand telephone service. Using telephone revenues to support data offshoot of its activities in the U.S., it had been pushing for a system of computer terminals and related equipment that would encourage each bank to develop its own computer-communications network and use IBM equipment exclusively. This, of course, would be contrary to most of the considerations mentioned above. The government was quick to reassure IBM, however, that they stand to

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services might be more acceptable to telephone users were there some assurance that this arrangement was reciprocal, and that future profits from data transmission could be used to finance telephone service. However, Bell has a nasty habit of retaining profits in subsidiaries so that its general profits will appear to be lower and they can thus appeal for higher rates on the basis of insufficient returns on equity. Bell Canada rates are substantially higher than those in western Canada, despite the fact that Bell serves large areas which are densely populated and therefore cheaper to service. Before the latest increases in both places, a residential telephone cost $3.90 monthly in Winnipeg and $6.25 in Ottawa. Bell has had three rounds of rate increases in the past two and a half years, and application for a fourth increase is to be examined at public hearings this autumn. In submitting a recent “emergency” application, Bell threatened that unless there was an immediate rate increase service would decline and some 6,000 workers would be laid off. This, may have been a useful threat at a time when the majority of Bell employees are breaking away from the company unions and forming unions which may work harder to protect their interests, but it did not stand up to serious examination. Bell is not adverse to using other forms of intimidation, such as refusing to provide service to new suburban subdivisions in an effort to blackmail the government into allowing them to increase their rates. In addition, Bell has applied for a formula which would give it an automatic yearly rate increase without public hearings, something it hopes to get through before the implementation of a recent Act of Parliament transferring the policing of telecommunications from the fumbling and incompetent hands of the Canadian Transport Commission to a restructured CRTC, to be known as the CRTTC (Canadian Radio, Television and Telecommunications Commission). Testimony provided for Bell’s 1974 rate increase hearings showed that only $650,000 was to be spent that year on specialized data services for financial institutions, but this is not even the tip of the iceberg. Over $65 million was allocated for 1974 alone on equipment computer for com-

munications and network services, which would help provide the backbone of an electronic payments system; and there were additional amounts under different headings. ’ The amounts are likely to be much higher in the near future, and a portion of this money will come from increased telephone rates. Bell has investment funds available for Dataroute and for electronic payments, but not, it seems, for cable to link up new telephones. In the years to come telephone companies across Canada are likely to be diggmg more deeply into their customers’ pockets to install equipment for the bankers to transfer our money around. Bell Canada has a lot in common with the banking fraternity with which it will soon have such intimate relations. Bell will be the largest carrier of electronic payments data, and the major banks will be the biggest users of the system. The five giants (Royal, Commerce, Montreal, Scotia, T-D) hold between them 91 per cent of the total assets of Canadian chartered banks, and they offer an almost identical range of services and interest rates both to borrowers and depositors, sheltered by the Bank Act against prosecution under- the Combines Investigation Act. As with the banks, what Bell says and what it does can be quite different. It says that any services classified as competitive should not be subject to regulation, and where practicable, competition should be fostered. At the same time Bell feels it should continue to control all the coaxial cable used for cable television distribution, much to the chagrin of the cable companies, but disapproves of Telesat owning and operating all its own ground stations for satellite communication. Monopoly is fine, provided we are in control, says Bell in effect. The government’s plans for electronic payments fit perfectly with Bell’s vision of things. The basic concept of the system is intrinsically monopolistic, to an even greater extent for telecommunications carriers than for financial institutions. Supreme among these carriers will be a larger and more powerful Bell Canada, something to think about next time you have to pay 20 cents at one of their pay phones. -eric -I-

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KHNGSTQN (CUP)--The student council at Queen’s University has enthusiastically approved the report of its committee on financial constraint. The Sept. 23 meeting received the 57-page document, which slammed the Report of the Principal’s Committee on Financial Constraint and protested that students were being forced to bear too much of the burden of the university’s financial squeeze. “The cutbacks which the Principal’s Committee has recommended would, we feel, damage

around the world. The mounting - problem of indebted and elusive studeuts recently caused Trent’s board of governors to recommend employing a third agency to collect the fees charging ~ interest on all unpaid bills. One board member recalled a “very disturbing conversation’ ’ with his daughter during which he was told it had become something of a fad in the US for students to declare personal bankruptcy. The board of governors learned from vice-president (finance) Leishman of the system employed by Trent to ensure that fees are coll&ted.

17, 1975

council considerable the opportunities which a student has to learn. We are offered fewer tutorials, fewer and larger labs, fewer hours to use the library, and fewer hours of teaching time. “This we cannot, and will not accept,” said the student council report. The committee lambasted the faculty for resisting reform of the instructional process and accused them of being “on the whole, unprepared to deal creatively with the limitations of constraint. ‘)’ The AIMS, committee recom- ,

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students were not told and in some not alh3wecl to write ex if they owed anything more than $10. tion is determined by the individual student’s college head. Mr. Leishman said the collection agency and interest scheme should be given a chance before more drastic measures were taken. In Anril of 1973. Leishman said. there were- $9,& in uncollected fees over one year old owing to the university. In April of 1974 that same figure rose to $40,000 and last year it increased further to $76,000. An alarmed governor fired an urgent question--“Is this a pattern?” “Seems to be, sir, Yes,” replied the VP.

mended that substantive action be taken by individual members of the faculty, by departments and by faculty boards. While the Principal’s committee implied that current budgetary allocations for equipment are sufficient, the student committee denied this. ’ 6We must emphasize that returning equipment budgets to minimum levels must be a very high priority,” they said. “These deficiencies in basic equipment are all the more galling when students see members of faculty devoting some of the equipment for graduate or personal research. Such purchases strike us as a terrible misuse of resources; some members of faculty seem blissfully unaware that a period of financial constraint exists. ” The council meeting reaffimed its policy on tuition by agreeing to “‘fiimly oppose any effort on the part of the university or the government to impose an increase in tuition fees as a means of relieving financial constraint o’ ’ The student committee took a piercing look at the university administration 9 recommending a management consultant’s review of the organization, as well as the initiation of an internal audit system. The committee also urged that the university refrain from becoming a “slum landlord’ ’ and charging inflated rates to students living on university property. The council, at the conclusion of the meeting, authorized $200 to print 500 copies of the report for distribution to faculty, administration and students.

Qntx upon a time, in the txmmer of 1814, a tiny street was formed in the town of Berlin. And it was called Moyer Place. Qver the years, as Berlin grew larger and changed its name, Moyer Place slowly &a&d to disappear into the hustle and bustle of big city business. Until 1875, , .when it was rebuilt and calfed Market Village.

ar EDMONTON (CUP )---The New Democratic Party club at the University of Alberta has criticized the university for doing “warrelated” research funded by the US military. In a statement issued Sept. 29, the club revealed that various branches of the US military have awarded a number of contracts both to the U of A and Calgary U over the past few years. The projects include a US Army sponsored ballistics study of the properties of “liquid filled projectiles’ 9 conducted by a faculty member in the U of A physics department, a $lO,OOQ study of microwave communications also for the US Army, and a US Navy funded investigation of the effects on humans of immersion into cold I water. The statement was particularly critical of the ballistics research, and stated: “A public funded institution should not be allowed to undertake contracts with the military arm of any foreign government. When some of these studies are aimed at producing more effective weapons, accepting or soliciting such contracts is grotesque and inhumane”. The statement called on the U of A Board of Governors as well as the Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT) “‘to halt research for the American was machine.” University president Harry Gunning, after a board meeting on Oct. 3, did not deny that the university was doing research for the US military, but said none of it was 6“specifically war-related’ 9. uate studies John MacGregor said earlier t fense related” but has other applications as The club also charged that some of the research contracts funded by the US military countered the university policy that the results of all research should be open to the public. A similar provision is contained in the professional code of ethics of the CAUT. MacGregor denied the research was secret, claiming that all university research is “open to the public”.

c VANCOUVER (CUP)-A fist fight and alternating shouts supporting Israel and the Palestinian people punctuated retired general &she Dayan’s speech at the University of British Columbia on Oct. 1. Two persons were ejected during the 35 minute speech in which Dayan told the largely partisan audience of 1,000 that mideast hostilities will only cease with a commitment by Israel’s enemies. Security was tight in the student union ballroom as the one-eyed general, known for his mili+LIy successes in three of Israel’s four wars with its neighbours, called for tin end to the state of war between Egypt, Syria, and the Soviet Union and Israel. ‘What is needed before anything else is a clear commitment by Egypt, Syria, and the Soviet Union to end the state of war,” he said, pinning blame for the continuation of hostilities on Israel’s enemies. Dayan said that “no real meaning’ ’ existed behind the favourable response given last year -

by the United Nations to Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yassar Arafat. The PLO was a terrorist group which could only be dealt with by violence the general said 9 reflecting 6‘hard-line” Israeli thinking. Dayan also expressed dissatisfaction with the recently negotiated agreement with Egypt. He said a better accord could be reached if Arabs and Israelis negotiated directly, rather than through the US. Members of the RCMP, Vancouver City Police and the generals personal security staff were in attendance at the speech, and at least one person was called from the audience for a body search and ID check during the speech. All persons entering the hall were checked over by police using a metal detector. sued when one person began chanting 6‘Palestine will win”. As several security agents huddled around Dayan, chairs began falling and a fight between Israeli and Palestinian supporters broke out,

< I

day, October

17,

the chevron

1975

7onfronta tion grows in Portugal SBON, Portugal (LNS)“Solrs Always at the side of the Peo!” and “Portugal Will Not Be Chile of Europe!” were the Buts that ffiled the air of Lisbon late September as Portuguese rkers in industry and agriculture ;an to take matters increasingly 3 their own hands. The Sept. 19establishment of the Government-the bvisional rntry’s sixth in 17 months narked a distinct and sudden n to the right. l?he American press, and siness circles like the West ropean Common Market, apuded the “reversal of the leftist nd” when the Socialist Party 1 its conservative ally, the PopuDemocratic Party, emerged as : predominant political influence the newly-formed cabinet gded by prime minister Pinheiro Azevedo. 3ut the forces of the left reacted iftly and vigorously, asserting :ir views in ihe streets and eking the administration by a ies of massive and defiant ac-

statement concluded, “and to defend their own interests, the interests of the socialist revolution.” I

Leftist soldiers released fro& jail

After the march, the demonstrators held an impromptu meeting in an open field, where the organizers announced plans to go the next day to the nearby Trafario military prison to demand freedom for two soldiers recently jailed there, who had distributed Soldiers United Will Win leaflets. The crowd shouted back, “Today, today !” Instantly, virtually the entire fleet of Lisbon’s buses was mobilized. A caravan of trucks and English-style double deckers filled with shouting, singing militants, rumbled to the prison where they were joined by thousands on foot. Initially, the prison commander refused to release the prisoners, but the fighting spirit of the crowd impressed the soldiers inside the barracks and persuaded the commander to telephone for orders to rhuge parade of roughly 7,000 General Qtelo de Carvalho, the 8,000 rebellious soldiers marcommander of the military force, :d through Lisbon Sept. 25. COPCON’ and considered friendly eered on by people on the to the left. Carvalho ordered the ewalks as others waved ensoldiers freed. lsias tically from balconies Accompanied by enthusiastic Jve, the soldiers marched along applause and shouts of “Victory!” : broad avenues and through the the freed soldiers addressed the Le streets, up and down the hills crowd. “Thanks to your solidarity, which the capital is built. we are now free,” they said. “We rhey were followed by some have won the right to organize, and 000 civilians, workers from facwe will go on organizing.” ies under the control of workers’ But events were moving rapidly. nncils as well as factories still The next morning, Sept. 26, the construction vately owned’ Prime Minister’s office issued a rkers in their hard hats and harshly-worded communique anzralls, students bursting with en- nouncing the creation of a special Isiasm, people of all ages and new military unit, directly responny walks of life. sible to the president, with the misThe parade, openly opposed to sion of maintaining law and order. Sixth Government and its conThe communique cited the “serivative trends, was organized by ous incidents of the past few days ,” ewly born organization of leftist an obvious reference to the solisted men called ‘“Soldiers Undiers’ march and the freeing of i Will Win”. In a manifesto disprisoners. )uted to the Lisbon population The following day, news spread ing the parade’ the group, still that five imprisoned reni-clandestine, declared that its volutionaries had been executed in mbers and many rank-and-file Spain. Hundreds of Spanish .exiles diers could no longer trust the and Portuguese anti-fascists raced to the Spanish embassy and consuned Forces Movement officers o carried out the April 25 coup. late to vent their anger against ‘We are workers and peasants in those symbols of France’s dicform, and our struggle is that of tatorship. Police made no attempt working class ,’ ’ the statement to stop the destruction of the build, explaining that by accepting dings. new conservative administraThe demonstrators replaced %he I, the officers of the Armed For- Spanish flag with that of the ReMovement were betraying the volu tionary Anti-Fascist Front st the soldiers had placed in (FRAP), to which three of ttie exm. ecuted militants belonged. Since ‘It is now up to the enlisted men then, large crowds have been act on their own account,” the gathering around the burned-out

to inspect the ruins and to

Disabled veterans protest At the same time, pressing their demands for “work, not charity.,” a group of disabled, veterans of Portugal’s African wars occupied the entrance to the huge Greekstyle parliament building where the new cabinet was meeting. One of the wounded war veterans there told me: “Our struggle is part of the whole struggle of the workers for their rights and dignity.” Some of the veterans, wounded while carrying out murderous missions for the colonialist army in Guinea-Bissau, or Angola, Mozambique, were in wheel chairs, others were on crutches. While they were blocking the entrance, the cabinet ministers appeared,‘but a squad of commando troops from the regiment commanded by the tough, right-wing Colonel Jaime Neves , intervened, driving the veterans away to clear the way for the ministers. The next day, Sunday, the newly-formed United Revolutionary Front (FUR)’ a coalition of leftist organizations of various tendencies with a common platform of struggle for 6‘people’s power,” paraded through the city, denouncing the rightist threat. They called’ for land reform, the elimination of reactionaries from the barracks , and direct democracy -through people’s assemblies. Like the leftist soldiers who had paraded on Thursday, they denounced the right-wing secret ‘ ‘Liberation Army’ ’ , believed to be headed by exiled General Spinola and backed by’the CIA. The demonstrators assembled at the entrance to the Parliament building to show their solidarity with the wounded war veterans. A few squads of soldiers took up positions in front of the building in a conspicuously lackadaisical, friendly manner, clearly fraternizing with the veterans and the crowd.

Media crackdown In response to the developing mass movement in the streets and the increasing militancy of the left, the prime minister ordered the military occupation of Lisbon’s three radio and one television stations on Sept. 29.

At a press conference for the foreign press, an‘ embarassed minister of social communications tried to justify the measure. Reading from an official communique, he declared that the stations had been “inciting to provocation and disorder” band violating the ‘ ‘cknturies-old principles of social life.” The startling news of the take-over sparked rapidly organized protest by the United Revolutionary Front. Marching to Radio Renascenca, protesters voiced their support for a “radio at the service of the people.” Inside, the soldiers who were occupying the station refused to interfere with the radio’s activities. They waved cheerfully to the demonstrators and later issued a statement supporting the workers. But the transmitters for the station, located outside the city, were taken over by Colonel Neves’s special commandos. The station has been effectively prevented from broadcasting. Tuesday evening, Sept. 30, the

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Socialist and Popular Democratic Parties took to the streets to demonstrate their support for the repressive measures taken by the Sixth Government. About 20,000 demonstrators mart hed against, “anarchy and chaos”, “the manipulation of the ,press”, and “the climate of violence”. The demonstration proceeded to the National Radio Station which was guarded by troops and protected by leftist militants. Fighting broke out between the two groups’ and the soldiers intervened with tear-gas grenades. Prime minister de Azevedo has justified the new government’s repressive measures as necessary to “prevent anarchy and indiscipline in and out of the barracks,” and to “save the country from fascism .” The country is on the verge of a serious confrontation, and the primary tactic of the present government seems to be the use of fear ‘of a fascist takeover as a pretext for a drive against the left, with a view to preserving Portugal for capitaism.

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Canada’s economic crisis isn ‘t ‘caused by immigration The Green Paper on hnmigration caused a donsiderable public uproar’ during the summer when a federal parliamentary c&mittee toured Canada hearing varied responses to the governments proposed recomrnendations regarding immigration. On Oct. 8 Doug Wahkten, a UW psychology professor and member of the Anti-imperialist Alliance, delhered a speech to a meeting on immigration. In this article, based on that speech, Wahlsten attempts to show how weak the government’s recommendatjons are when they try to blame immigration with causing the current economic situation. The government says immigration is the main problem facing Canadians now as there too many people competing for too few jobs. Wahlsten contends, however, that the prdposed policies fail to discuss the reasons that really cause unemployment, inflation and housing shortages.

. The Green Paper on immigration was tabled in the House of Commons on Feb. 3, 1975, by Robert Andras, Minister of Manpower and Immigration. Andras said at that time that the Green Paper was to serve as the basis for a “great debate” and that he wanted all Canadians to come forward and give their views on it as a prelude to a new immigration act. _ This was the government’s line, but we looked into this in some detail and found that it was completely false, completely fraudulent. The Green Paper has nothing to do with a new Act. It has a lot to do with something else which Andras has on the agenda for immigrants-indentured labour. Immigration policy has always been set by regulations and administrative fiat. The 1952 Immigration Act is merely a broad outline whit h says that the government can do anything that it wants. The Act says that immigrants have no rights whatsoever, and it gives the government sweeping powers to do anything with these people that it wants. The regulations have been changed 35 times since 1952 using Privy Council orders which do not require the consent of even the Parliament, let alone the Canadian people. In addition, there is an endless series of administrative orders emanating daily from Mr. Andras’ office. Mr. Davies of the Kitchener immigration office complained of this in a public meeting this summer, relating how they send out an order one week, only to reverse it the next, thus keeping him quite confused. Nowhere does the Green Paper propose to give immigrants some rights or to specify guidelines for implementing policy. A Green Paper is not necessary for a new act of Parliament, and likewise a Green Paper does not need to be followed by an act. A White Paper gives government policy, but a Green Paper is merely for discussion, sort of a “trial balloon.” So, let us release some of the air from this balloon. An important point is that all of the proposals in the Green Paper are already being implemented. They didn’t wait for the people to give their views. They just went right ahead and did almost everything that we were supposed to debate. For example, the Green Paper proposes to cut back on the entry of nominated relatives, but steps towards this were taken in May and October of 1974 before the Green Paper was even released. There is also a . proposal to tie immigration still more closely to the job market, and this was done in October, 1974, as well. It is outright fraud to say that they were genuinely interested to hear what the people think before having a new act. We found this out more directly when many people went to forums and hearings on the Green Paper and denounced it vocifierously. The government stooges promptly shut down the hearings whenever this happened.

Economic Crisis So what is the Green Paper supposed to accomplish? For one thing, it is a crude attempt to divert our attention from a major problem that is on everyone’s mind. The social system in Canada is the capitalist system, monopoly capitalism to be more precise, and the entire capitalist system is in the midst of serious economic crisis at this time. The crisis is c haracterized by stagnation, rising unemployment, ruinous inflation and usurous interest rates. The capitalists are trying to shift the burden of this economic crisis onto the backs of the workers, while the working class is fighting back, engaging in increasingly militant strikes in order to keep pace with inflation. A major struggle is underway, and now the ruling class is trying to take away the hard-won right to strike. These are the things which are on the mindsof people in Canada now. And what happens right in the middle of this struggle? The government dumps this Green Paper

into our laps and says that immigration is the main problem facing Canada today. When Mr. Andras tabled the Green Paper, he claimed: “ . . .it is hard to imagine any area of public policy that will be more significant in determining the sort of country Canada will become in our own and our children’s lifetime.” So he raises immigration to the primary level, and he goes on to say that it will affect every aspect of our lives. We will show that this is not true, and that this exercise is a diversion. It is quite instructive to compare the Green Paper to the 1966 White Paper on immigration. The government says that immigration is a serious problem now, just when there happens to be deepening economic crisis, and that there are too many people in Canada. But the 1966 White Paper gave the opposite thesis. For example, it says: “Without a substantial continuing flow of immigrants, it is doubtful that we could sustain (a) high rate of economic growth.” Furthermore, ‘ ‘A bigger population means increased domestic markets for our industries. .. population increase in turn improves our competitive position in world markets. A bigger population also yields lower per capita costs of government, transportation and communications, and stimulates the development of more specialized services. These are very important economic reasons why immigration tends to increase the real income per person available to all Canadians.” This was during a period when the economy was expanding as a result of alarge influx of finance capital, mostly from the U.S. The government wanted to bring in immigrants as a source of cheap labour to sustain this growth. Now we are in crisis, stagnation. So the Green Paper claims that more people make things worse. Try this amazing passage: “Intensifying demands for housing, transit facilities, community services, and just plain space means the calls the migrant makes on the receiving community’s hospitality become more onerous . . .” This line is simply that there is a housing shortage because there are too many people compared to houses and that, if only there were not so many immigrants, there would be plenty of houses. In 1%6 the immigrants supposedly made things more efficient, while in 1975 they put “onerous” strain on scarce facilities. Instead of admitting that there is severe economic crisis today, however, the Green Paper tries to reverse the very laws of economy, speaking as though these things were eternal principles. It blames a wide variety of social problems on immigrants and the Canadian people, while it never once mentions the capitalist system or how these things are in fact inherent in capitalism.

Limits to Growth? The thesis of the Green Paper is that Canada is reaching its limits to growth, that there is getting to be a problem of over-population, especially in the large metropolitan areas. An ex-chairman of the Science Council of Canada, Dr. Solandt, recently supported this thesis, hysterically claiming that Canada would have trouble providing enough food and energy when the population reaches 30 million. The over-population theory, which was originally concocted by Reverend Malthus and has been dusted off recently by the Club of Rome for its farcical Limits to Growth book, is ridiculous when applied to the situation in Canada. We have proven that the thesis is completely false. It amounts to nothing more than one-sided, anti-people slander. The Green Paper tries to shift the blame for the economic crisis onto the immigrants in order to divide them from the rest of the Canadian working class and prepare them for increasing exploitation. According to the Green Paper, “Canada, like

more advanced nations, counts the costs of more people in terms of congested metropolitan areas, housing shortages, pressures on arable land, damage to the environment. . .” Here we see people, who, alongside nature, are the creators of all material wealth, figured only as “costs.” Mr. Andras recently tried to pin the blame for unemployment on immigrants, too, claiming that “the federal Government should reduce immigration now that unemployment has risen above 7 per cent.” (Globe and Mail, Oct. 1, 1975) On every point raised in this campaign against immigrants in the Green Paper and in public statements by Mr. Andras, immigrants are blamed, and the social system is ignored completely. Nowhere do they consider how things are in a socialist country like China, where, in spite of a population of 800 million and an unfavourable geography, everyone is employed and adequately fed using traditional techniques and where rice is now exported ! We have done quite a lot of analysis of the Green Paper, and we can show that all of the accusations of immigrants are false. They are not even supported by the simplest facts. There is no way that any of these social problems in Canada are caused by immigration. We have done most of our research by walking over to the library and looking into the statistics published by the government itself. Anyone who can read and add and maybe divide can figure out for themselves that the Green Paper is completely bogus. Let us go through a couple examples here to see how this works. Take the case of unemployment. Mr. Andras and other stooges have been saying for some time that immigration contributes to unemployment, and much use has been made of this lie in order to split immigrants from the rest of the workers by blaming them for the problem. But when we look 2

ted in Canada, w lured here to fill ment has for a lo certain skilled jd train Canadians. they also rely ( called ‘ ‘illegal’ ’ wages under the brought in under maximize profits compete dire&l: significant degre Looking at the tern for admissio for an immigran plentiful supply necessary 50 ci arranged job, bl must apply to a ( it certified that n ailable. If there not get the job o the occupational certain jobs, sue there is a short points are given! and teachers, tl points are given All of these fi Andras. Immigr: ber of unempl emment’s own for work where ailable. Andras 1 people by repe; immigrants cau! seen through thi Andras also cl 4

BR1 TISH FRENCH GERMAN ITALIAN UKRANI AN DU?CH POLISH JEW1 SH NATIVE IND. NORWEGIAN HUNGARIAN GREEK CH1 NESE YUGOSLAV SWEDISH PORTUGESE DAN1 SH RUSS1 AN FI NNISH CZECH INDO-PAKIS. BELGIAN AUSTRIAN JAPANESE AFRICAN

RANK ORDER ETHNIC CR01 1971 CENSUS (Source: Greel Table 1.6)

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I 4 MILLIONS

into the document “Canada Manpower and Immigration Review, Second quarter, 1975”, we can see that Andras has never even bothered to investigate the statistics from his own department. Either that, or he’s a liar. In the last quarter of 1974, about 24,000 immigrant workers entered the country, at a time when unemployment was running over 500,000 idle workers. These 24,000 immigrants entered the labour force, while by the next quarter unemployment had increased by another 325,000 workers ! Thus, immigration at the very most amounts to a tiny fraction of either the number of unemployed or the increase in unemployment. Even if all immigration were to be stopped, no significant dent in unemployment would occur. Clearly, any school child using basic arithmetic could show that what Mr. Andras says is nonsense and that unemployment is part of a much larger problem. But this is not all. Those immigrants do not displace Canadian workers from their jobs. Looking at the data from the Job Vacancy Survey done by Canada Manpower every quarter, it is apparent that for job categories such as managerial, administrative, science, engineering, mathematics, medicine and health, there were far more openings in the last quarter of 1974 than could be filled by available immigrants or Canadians. For example, for science, engineering and maths, 7,400 vacancies were repor-

I 6 F

rants rural force stay that

are flockin areas. As immigrant there for s( the opposite rates in large tit respective provj cities have less rest of Quebec, tario, 7%; Vancc The Labour For to one of these precisely where Andras trying tc

Set

The secret co for admissabilit! and Mail (Oct. 2: Andras is. Acco destination in C( his very own dc Vancouver are , respective provi gets more poinl except for Ott; lowknife! Cities

',1975

immigrants could be :t is that the govem3n immigration to fill s very expensive to nd of the continuum, especially the soior work at lowest ons. Immigrants are Lte policy designed to lass, and they do not ans for jobs to any very own point sysis obviously difficult v with a job skill in Ls points out of the 1 for having a preloints the immigrant wer Centre and have nadian worker is avthe immigrant does urthermore, there is worth 15 points. For inger or interpreter, workers, and high rs, such as jewellers luate supply and no le line given by Mr. fraction of the num9 and by the gove brought in mainly nadians are not avhe can convince the over this lie about ment, but we have m. x article that immig8

01.

e jobs go begging in nts to find ways to n areas to work and &gain the facts show uing unemployment he remainder of the hat in all cases, the (Montreal, 6%, vs. 5%, vs. rest of On. rest of B.C., 9.4%; Most immigrants go ties, and those are .ost jobs, so what is S?

Book ) assess immigrants leaked to the Globe bws what a charlatan nts given for area of in the code book of meal, Toronto and than tne rest of the etropolitan Toronto er place in Canada , Regina and Yelare today, and it is

not surprising that immigrants as well as migrants from the rural areas go there. These points make it clear that Andras and the Green Paper make a straightforward attack on the immigrant workers, trying to pin the blame for unemployment on them. If we look a little more deeply into this, we can easily discover what is the cause of unemployment. Workers are unemployed at this time because they, have been laid off jobs, and they are laid off because the means of production are privately owned. Some capitalist owns that factory, and if he decides not to produce for awhile, he just lays off the workers, and there is your unemployment. And why must there by lay-offs? It is because profits are in danger of falling, and it becomes more profitable not to produce commodities at plant capacity. It is over-production which is a problem under capitalism. Production in a capitalist system is to maximize profits, not to serve the people. Profits are maximized by keeping prices high and wages low. Prices are high when there is a shortage of commodities compared to demand, and this can easily be achieved when there is monopoly over the means of production in a particular industry. Labour is itself a commodity under capitalism, and wages can be kept low by maintaining a surplus of labour in the form of the reserve army of the unemployed. Now, what is so hard to understand about unemployment? And what is all this noise about immigration? These are two different things, and one is a much greater problem than the other. We can do the same thing with the housing shortage. Apartment vacancies in most of the large cities in Canada are quite low, less than 2% nationally. In many big cities vacancies are less than 1%. During 1974, immigrants amounting to over 100,000 households entered Canada, and most of them went to work in one of the large cities. However, during the same period housing starts actually declined. Now the line of the Green Paper is that immigrants are causing the housing shortage, that they are coming in faster than houses can be built. But if this were true, then how could housing starts go down? How can more demand cause production to fall? It is’only in a capitalist system, especially monopoly capitalism, where this kind of thing could happen. The drop in the housing starts was greater in the cities where there was greatest demand for housing, in some cases the decline being 20% to 50% compared to a national decline in 1974 of 17%. In 1975 it got even worse? In the fist two months of 1975 apartment starts were 62% below the level of one year earlier, so starts dropped most severely in the very sector where most new immigrants existed. At the same time unemployment of construction workers exceeded 23%. Here we have a situation where people moving into cities need housing and where construction workers need jobs, yet production declines. Canada certainly does not have a shortage of natural resources such as trees and iron used to build houses, so this must have something to do with the social system and the motive for maximizing profits. The problem is that we have a capitalist system, and at the present time rents are too low for the capitalists. According to the Globe and Mail, “ . . . there is a consensus among (developers) that rents are too low to support new construction or to maintain adequate profit margins on existing buildings.” Looking at the construction of non-residential buildings, we see that it actually increased by over 24% in 1974. Profits are presently higher in that sector than in new apartments, so we have a housing shortage. Immigrants have nothing to do with this anomalous result.

Pressure on Arable Land Another thing mentioned in the Green Paper is this so-called “pressure on arable land”. This is a most incredible thesis. When these “scientists” give this line, they expose their complete bankruptcy and total disregard for concrete conditions in Canada. Right now Canada exports a great deal of food, the exports being double the level of food imports. About three-quarters of the total wheat production is exported for profit. Population now is 22 million, and there is today a great abundance of food grown in Canada, yet some people are running around saying that we cannot feed too many more people. According to the government’s own statistics, over one-half of the arable land in Canada is presently lying fallow, unused. Even without extensive use of science and technology, a vast increase in agricultural production would be possible. However,’ it might not be sufficiently profitable. To keep food prices high, shortages on the world market must be created by restricting production and keeping the less fertile land idle. Another aspect of this line is that housing for immigrants will presumably occupy a noticeable amount of land, thereby restricting agricultural production. This is unbelievably bankrupt. By taking some figures from Vol. 4 of the Green Paper specifying how many immigrants live in houses,

apartments, etc., we calculated that the more than “Stubborn shortages persist of people willing to re200,000 people who immigrated last year would remain in unskilled or semi-skilled occupations, esquire about 25 square kilometers of farm land, out of L pecially if they involve geographic remoteness, una total area of arable land in Canada of 687,000 attractive working conditions, low wages or any square kilometers. Expressed more graphically, the combination of the three.” Yes, this is what the population of Canada would have to increase to over identity cards and internal passports are about. 295,000,000 people before even 10% of Canada’s They would provide the means to keep immigrants officially-designated arable land would be occupied in a particular job as indentured labour in order to by immigrants ! This argument given in the Green exploit them to the maximum. The Green Paper Paper is simply a lie, a slander against the immighints at this beneath a cover of double-talk and mysrants. tification, but Mr. Andras has come right out in the We have looked into a number of other points open and called for these fascist controls. given in the Green Paper and by Mr. Andras, and the An important thing to realize about this is that these identity cards *will be necessary for everyone story reads pretty much the same. Immigrants and the Canadian people are blamed for social problems, in Canada. Andras claims that only immigrants will but immigrants do not in fact cause any of the probbe affected, but Canada is a land of immigrants, so how could they tell who is an immigrant and who is a lems. Immigrants have built this country, and virI GR.

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GUYANA 20

40 THOUSANDS

tually everyone here is either an immigrant or the descendant of immigrants. It is human labour which creates everything of value in this world, and it is the parasitical monopoly capitalist class which places fetters on the productive capacity of human labour.

Identity Cards

Having dem onstrated <hat there is no substance to the line of the Green Paper, we must now question why such slanders are being propagated about immigrants at this time. Essentially, they are trying to blame immigrants for social problems in order to divide the people; they are trying to convince the Canadian people that newcomers to the country are the sources of troubles in this society, making immigrants scapegoats. They also bring up the issue of race, singling out people from Asia and the Caribbean for attack in the Green Paper. The Green Paper is racist, and it serves as a forum for racist ideas as part of the “great debate.” However, the Canadian people have strongly opposed this blatant attempt to whip up racist hysteria. Clearly, all this hysteria is preparation for something else. It is now becoming clear that this is all a prelude to greater control over immigrant workers and, eventually, everyone in Canada. The govemment is looking for a pretense for instituting increasingly fascistic controls on the people. After asserting that immigrants cause unemployment in the cities, Mr. Andras mentioned what was really on his mind. According to the Globe and Mail (Oct. l), “The problem is to find a way to encourage people to settle in outlying areas.” Andras said, “Obviously, we do not plan to restrict the movement of Canadians within Canada.” He went on to say that the federal government has the power to “restrict the movement of immigrants within Canada.” Andras “. . . noted that some countries issue identity cards and require citizens to obtain permits before they can move. If such a policy were introduced in Canada, it would apply only to immigrants and not to citize’is.” In previous press conferences, he and his aides made it apparent that the plan is to use social insurance cards as identity cards. 1 What they are planning to do is to force immigrants to take jobs and stay there for some time. They do propaganda that immigrants are causing crowding in the cities as a pretense for exercising great control over their movements. But this is very deceptive, because they do not actually want to force immigrants into the hinterlands where there are no jobs. Instead, they want to keep them in jobs right in the cities. Facts in Vol. 4 of the Green Paper show that many immigrants take very poorjobs during their first year in Canada. Over 22 per cent of immigrants families were below poverty line in their first six months in Canada, mostly because of low wages, not unemployment. However, after three years here, only 4% were below poverty, showing that most immigrants work up to better-paying jobs, leaving the worst jobs unfilled.

“Stubborn Shortaaes”

The Green Paper is defmitely co&&red about this movement of immigrants. Here is what it says:

80 IMMIGRANTS

100

citizen? Immigrants will need the cards to give their serial numbers, while citizens will at the very least need to carry a card in order to prove that they are not immigrants ! This is a fantastic deception, but we have surely caught these nazis on this point. Immigrants do not have any rights, but instead they have some meagre privileges. One of those privileges at present is the freedom to move about the country in order to take a better job, just as a citizen would do. The government wants to take this away and turn immigrants into indentured labour which will be most docile for several years until citizenship is acquired. Needless to say, a large number of people are very angry about these sinister plans of the government, and they are not going to put up peacefully with these vicious attacks on immigrants. Earlier this year many progressive people came forward to denounce the Green Paper at a series of public meetings and hearings. By June this counter-attack led to the rout of the forces of reaction, and the Joint Parliamentary Committee on immigration fled the scene and went into hiding. But now a new campaign has begun in the bourgeois press, propped up by the fascist thinking of Mr. Andras and racist slanders provided by the committee-in-hiding.

ShameleSs Cowards As far as we are concerned, these people are , shameless cowards. When they came out in public and called for discussion on the Green Paper, we denounced them and their racist and fascist Green Paper. They ran away. Now they are safe inside the Parliament buildings, so they issue a string of slanders and lies. Well, we would like to tell Andras and his committee something: Lies and slanders do not represent the views of the Canadian people, and we are not going to take this sitting down. This sort of deceit is despicable. We are not going to sit idly by while these nazis run amuk. The Anti-Imperialist Alliance calls upon all progressive and democratic-minded people to oppose these attacks on immigrants and national minorities. These attacks on the immigrants are an attack on all the people. The government is preparing the conditions for seizing the privileges of all the people in order to serve the interests of the ruling class of Canadian monopoly capitalists and U.S. imperialists during this time of deepening economic crisis. The Canadian people have learned through long hard experience that they must fight for their rights. The government does not grant anyone rights without a struggle. The working class in this country waged a great struggle for the right to strike and form trade unions, and now workers are fighting to preserve these acquired rights. The native people have united and fought resolutely for their land and hereditary rights against the thievery of the state. The East Indians and black people in Toronto and Vancouver have had to organize and wage a united struggle to resist racist attacks and win the right to walk the streets free from fear of physical attack. We, too, must take up the struggle of fighting for the democratic rights of immigrants and all the Canadian people. We must unite to defeat these plans of the government, to expose what they are planning to do and to oppose it very strongly in action.

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Soccer The UW Soccer Warriors came away with two big wins from last weekend’s play and improved their chances for attaining a first place berth. The team travelled to Toronto last Saturday and defeated the Blues 2-1, playing one of their best games this season. The action started early at Varsity Stadium as both teams let it be known they were out to score. The Blues moved the ball close to the Waterloo goal and got a shot off, through a lax looking defense, which hit the goalpost. But a few moments later, defensive errors by Toronto enabled Bert Van Hout to take the ball down the left wing and put the ball past Drew McDougall inlto the far right side of the net. Van Hout had another good opportunity later on a cross by Zenon Moszora, but his header travelled wide of the right side. The W&iors had a.few other fine shots on goaJ during the first half, including a free kick taken by Dave Crundy, whose arcing shot was pushed away from the Blues’ net at the last second by McDougall. Towards the end of the first half, the Blues scored their only goal, on a questionable play. Toronto had a break on the Waterloo goal and a shot by a Blues’ player was going over the touchline. Brian Filion followed the ball out but once over the line a Toronto player kicked it back onto the field and into play. He crossed the ball and another Blues’ player kicked it into the lower left corner. The Warriors argued the play but the linesman was not in position to call the play. The Warriors came right back to score. Zenon Moszora kicked the ball over his head into the Blues’ goal after getting it from a corner kick taken by Bert Van Houit. The half ended with the Warriors leading 2- 1. The second half showed the fine defensive play the Warriors are capable of. The defensive corps

kept the Blues at bay, illustrating how the team has leatied to defend against a long ball attack. Time and time again, the talents of Dave Grundy, Bob and Paul Stevenato, Jeff Balon, Brian Filion, Tom Dabrowski and Sip Aibar combined to turn the Toronto attackers back or safely push the ball back to goalkeeper Marcus Klein. The Blues did not threaten very much during the second half, the Warriors taking most of the play to them. Waterloo took many good shots on the Toronto goal but Drew McDougall performed well for the Blues. On the whole, the Warriors moved the ball very well and were able to put their game together and use it very effectively. Waterloo again seemed to control most of the midfield play and this aided in allowing the Warriors to use a short passing attack. The team returned home that night to prepare for the game next day. The Soccer Warriors were able to perform well together against Laurentian Sunday and defeated the Voyageurs 1-O. The Waterloo defense came up big again as they demonstrated why Lthey have the lowest goals-against total in the entire league ‘ The play was fairly even in the first half as the defenses for both teams kept the other’s offense off the score sheet. Warriors’ goalie Marcus Klein and Laurentian’s Vic Pessot were only tested with long shots or crossing shots and both were able to handle any threats. The half ende’d in a 0-O tie. The second half saw the Warriors come out and take the play to the Voyageurs. In ahe 5 1st minute Brian Filion passed to Mike Mohan on the right side. Filion received a return pass and took a shot that Gas stopped by Pessot but he dropped it and it sat dangerously on the goal line ‘for a few seconds. Luigi Circelli couldn‘t get near enough to it in order to score before a defender cleared the ball away. A short while later, Zenon Moszora crossed a ball from the left side which was missqd by the Laurentian keeper but cleared away by L.eno Maia for the Voyageurs. In the 65th minute a fine head ball by Luigi Circelli near the center stripe, set Zenon Moszora in the

clear down left wing. He carried it down the side and crossed the ball in front. Bert Van Hout directed his head ball towards the lower left corner where Vic Pessot blocked the shot but Circelli came running in to kick the rebound high into the goal for a 1-O Waterloo lead. Within the next twenty-five minutes, although Laurentian didn’t score, the Warriors made the poor choice of trying to. protect their lead. This dropping back hel- * ped Laurentian as they pressed to get the equalizing goal. In the 69th minute, Mike Petrone of the voyageurs moved around several Warriors and took a good hard shot to the lower left corner and would have been a sure goal had Marcus Klein not deflected the ball wide. Bert Van Hout made the only threateniqg drive for the Warriors for the rest of the game when he made a solo effort taking the ball up the left side and breaking through on goa.l. But Pessot came out and made a fine save to block Van HouCs drive. Laurentian continued to press the Warriors. They took several good sholts but were all blocked by Marcus Klein. The Voyageurs came the closest to scoring in the 83rd minute M;hen a chip shot by a Laurentian player caught Marcus Klein out of the goal. He tried to back peddle to get the ball but missed it, but fortunately the ball hit the crossbar. The pressure remained and only good defensive efforts kept Laurentian scoreless, particularly on one fine sliding block by Jeff Balon. The Warriors took the game 1-O and again displayed good ball control complimented with a fine short pass attack. Waterloo is definitely a contender for the first place position. With good showings in their next four games 9especially against Queens, they could easily be taking a part in post season action. The team travels this weekend to Kingston to take on RMC and Queens. The results“ of the weekend’s play will determine where Waterloo could end up in the standings. For any who would like to come along, you’re welcome to travel on the bus with the team which leaves IO:00 am at Seagram Stadium. -jam miller

hy, october

17, 1975

the chevron

Fans jammed the PAC last week exhibition basketball.

to watch

the Buffalo Braves beat the Detroit

3y last week’s article, the field :key gals were really having :ir troubles offensively. This ek in their single encounter iinst Western, eight goals were )red with no goals against. Alugh goalie Beth Huether had litwork, she registered her fifth Itout of the season. “Our transition to attack in their wring end seemed to work so ch better. Although a weaker m, we still were able to move the 1 to the open green. We also ways)red in several 3ec tions , off wing centering ;ses, drive from about 12 yards : and a weak side deflection.” strong efforts from the whole ward line inside the circle gave ) Athenas a big lift. The half:ks did a good job of containing J attempt by Western to get the 1going D

This is an open invitation to all persons interested in varsity wrestling. Practices are every week&e starting on MondayyOctober 20 at 5 :30 pm in the wrestling room in the PAC. Important tournament dates include Nov. 22

Goal scorers were Pat Owen, Janet Helm, and Marie Miller picked up two apiece with rookie Caroline Heslop and halfback Cheryl Mangolt getting singles. The Athenas next encounter will be with the local University of Guelph rivals and the ever present and prominent University of Toronto gals, October 18 at Columbia Fields at 10:OOa.m. and 1230p.m.

Pistons in NBA

photo by grant macfarlane

Wrestling

Wes

McMaster Open, Nov. 29 Ryerson Open, Jan. 10 Queens Open, Jan. 17 Windsor Open, Jan. 24 Guelph Open, Feb. 13 OUAA Finals at RMC, Feb. 27 CIAU Championships. Also there is a trip to Michigan planned for February. So come on out for some excellent coaching, good wrestling 1and good times with the Waterloo Grapplers.

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Waterloo upsets Guelpb Humanities Theatre SUN. OCT. 19-8pm CAMERATA’ presenting MUSIC OF RUSSIA Performing works by Glinka, Mussorgsky, Cui ant Tchaikowsky. featuring guest artist Soprano-Mary Lou Fallis Adele Armin, violin Coenraad Bloemendal, cello James Campbell, clarinet Kathryn Root, piano Suzanne Shulman, flute Elyakim Taussig, piano An exciting unconventional ensemble THERE HAS NEVER BEEN ANYTHING’ CAMERATA Admission $5.00 students & senior citizens $2.50 Central Box Off ice ext. 2126

QUITE LIKE

NOV. 7 & 8-8pm Theatre of the Arts The Toronto Workshop Production of TEN LOSTYEARS, from the book by Barry Broadfoot ACOASTTOCOAST HIT! A POWERFUL AND MOVING DEPRESSION YEARS Admission $5.00, students & senior citizens $2.50 Central Box Office ext. 2126

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Wednesday, October 8, the Waterloo Warriors met last year’s O.U.A.A. champions, the Guelph Gryphons on Columbia field. The outcome of the game was a Warrior victory. Both teams had to win the game if they wanted to remain in contention for a play-off seat awarded to the first and second place teams in the nine-team league. Guelph, after .handsomely defeating U. of T., dropped two back-to-back games to R.M.C. and Queens, by one point each. The Gryphons are a strong team this year with thirteen players back from last year’s championship squad, but they were unable to beat the 1975 Warriors’ team. The game was hard-hitting from start to finish. The forwards on both teams were evenly matched. Paul Steffler, Dave Haynes, and Gordie Nye put in stalwart performances as they won 75% of the strums. Ken Brown was welcomed back to the team after a head injury. He had made his presence known in the lineouts, consistently outjumping his opponents. The Warriors’ forwards were excellent from the set pieces, but they by no means dominated Wednesday’s game. The Guelph forwards were very aggressive and overpowered Waterloo in a number of loose rucks. Waterloo gave up the first three points for the fifth straight game on a 35yard penalty kick early in the first half. Twenty minutes later the Warriors replied with a try that was initiated from the Guelph 45yard line. The ball was moved from the loose out to the wing. Watson carried the ball and fed it back into Jarchow and Dyer who ran the ball

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important game that the Warrior5 have played. In it they exhibitec that they have the potential to bea the best teams in the league. This Saturday, the Warriors fact R.M.C. in Kingston. Waterloc must win their remaining three games if they hope to make the finals this season. Coach Humphries has found the personnel he so badly needed to fil the standoff and number 8 position in the characters of Ron Fukishim: and Arts Stiebrans. Fukishima who had been playing standoff fo fhe seconds, was so outstandin! that Humphries brought him up tc the firsts for the Brock game. Her he put in a stunning performance On Wednesday he was playing wit1 a neck injury, but performed well releasing the ball to the wing. Art Stiebrans is fdling the num ber 8 position left vacant by Davl Beam, who is suffering from mono Facing R.M.C., the Warriors wil be at full strength. Mike Hazel1 ant Ken Brown are back in the stat-tin] lineups, after suffering from facl injuries. The Warriors are the only tear with two players in the top five CI the O.U.A.A. scoring list. Inside centre Ralph Jarchow ant Winger-Kicker ‘ ‘Wip” Watson (who missed the first two games] are 4 and 5 in the O.U.A.A. list. It has taken five games, but i looks like Coach Humphries ha his starting lineup set for the sea son. It reads as follows: prop Haynes and Steffler; hooker Nye locks Brown and Paine; flanker Hazel1 and Dyer; No. 8 Stiebrans standoff Fukishima; inside centr Jarchow; outside centre Regan wingers Watson and Isaacs; ani fullback Mitch Hammer.

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over. Watson kicked the convert. Five minutes later Guelph went in for a try. Waterloo ran a set strum on the Warrior five-yard line. A Gryphon winger beat the Warrior strum half and carried the ball in. The try was converted. Before the half ended, Watson and the Warriors were able to pick up three points on a 20-yard penalty kick, giving the Warriors a two point lead. The second half saw both teams come out afresh, determined to win. The forwards battled hard and it looked like the Warriors were in trouble when they temporarily lost Art Stiebrans, their number 8. Stiebrans had played an outstanding game, lacing Guelph with punishing tackles. The pack didn’t let up, and their pressure set up the Warriors’ next try. Watson picked up the ball off a kick and ran for 20 yards.. Strum half, Gordie Nye, in a superlative effort, was there to support Watson and he ran the ball to Ralph Jar-chow, who crashed over the line for the Warriors’ second try. Watson converted on an excellent kick from the sidelines. From this point on the Warriors moved into a defensive position. Guelph’s attack resulted in one try when the Guelph backs outran the Warriors’ winger on an overlap. The Gryphons were given another scoring opportunity when they were awarded a penalty kick from the Warrior 35-yard line. It was kicked just wide of the uprights. The Guelph team gave one more drive in a desparate attempt to score before the game ended. They carried the ball to the five yard line three times, but the Warriors deflected the drive each time. This was the closest and most

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wins key elections “We decided that it was better for the strikers to introduce the union on the other ranches where we are not working,” he said. “The workers at Gal10 had doubts about our letter to them, because the Teamsters kept telling them we would take their jobs. But what we are going . to take away is the (grape-picking) machines that Gallo wants to use. It’s the machines that will take the people’s jobs, and we showed them that in our contracts at Almaden and Paul Masson there are no machines allowed, the work is for the people. ” This year in fact, Gal10 is using four machines that have cut the number of picking crews in half from the last year of the UFW contract. The workers on these machines listen to music on headphones and are paid higher wages than the other field workers. Beginning early this year, Gallo built what it hoped was a completely anti-UFW work force. Most of the current workers there now are those who chose to break the UFW’s strike in 1973, according to UFW organizers here. All known UFW supporters and their families were excluded and the union literally had to build support from one worker at a time. One early breakthrough came when a young un-documented worker named Manuel Moreno joined the UFW organizing effort after being badly injured in an April 11 accident that electrocuted two other workers when the arm of a machine they were using -flew up and hit a high power line. The bitter irony of that accident was that the work being done was raising the cross pieces on the grape stakes in the vineyards so they could be harvested by machine instead of by hand. The Teamsters refused to help Moreno with medical expenses and then the company fired him when he didn’t come to work. “I was afraid to go to the office of Chavez,” Moreno said recently, “but then I did and they helped me-. Now there are others at Gal10 afraid to talk to us, afraid of losing their jobs, and this is not an easy time to face that threat. But we will tell them that the vote is secret and if we are organized we can protect theirjobs .” During its campaign among the Gal10 workers, UFW stressed that no such accidents occured at the ranch while the UFW contract had

IVINGSTON, CA. (LNS-CUP) -The United Farm Workers union [on a significant victory on eptember 10 when many workers Iho had broken the 1973 strike at E nd J Gal10 Winery, joined forces rith the strikers in choosing the JFW over the Teamsters Union in strike sponsored election. Nearly 0 per cent of the strike breakers oted against the Teamsters, cur:ntly holders of the Gallo con*act, as the UF W won 254 to 223. The UFW victory is not yet offiial however, because the state Agcultural Labor Relations Board as yet to make a formal decision llowing the strikers’ votes to be ounted along with the votes of rorkers currently employed with ;a110. The state election law itself exresses clearly the intent that the triker must be allowed to vote. On eptember 14, about 500 workers icketed the Sacremento office of re ALRB demanding immediate ffnmation of this right. In addition ) Gallo, the elections at several ible grape ranches in Delano and t the Egg City ranch in Oxnard lso will go to the UFW rather than re Teamsters when the strikers’ otes are included.

VICTORY AT GALL0

There are two significant aspects ) the vote at Gallo : first, the sollarity and unity of the strikers morn 1973, and second, the ability Fthe UFW to win over 131 work-s to its side in the face of a careally devised anti-union campaign wried on by Gallo and the Teams:rs. The ALRB rules allowed 130 rikers to vote, and 123 actually srne to cast ballots from all over ie state and as far away as eastern .rizona. “We all remember that ur struggle began at 6:00 in the lorning of June 26, 1973,” said riker Jose Guitierrez on the day of le vote, “and now we are as rang as always. ’ ’ Guitierrez explained that in late 11y of this year, the strikers voted ) notify the current workers at allo that if the UFW won the elecon the strikers would not reclaim reir seniority, thereby assuring ie workers that they would keep leir jobs under a UFW contract. leanwhile, he and other strikers bok on the task of organizing the orkers at nearby ranches for elecons in the coming weeks.

been in force (1967-73), and that the contract established a worker health and safety committee to make sure they didn’t. The Union also stressed that contract negotiations would be done by workers themselves and the need for worker-controlled institutions such as the union’s clinics. A key aspect of Gallo strategy was to keep racial groups on the ranch divided. Not long after the end of the strike in 1973, Gal10 brought in an entire crew of Punjabi workers from India, and kept them isolated from the rest of the workers under a pro-Teamster foreman. The former system of better jobs and better housing being given to Portuguese workers over Mexican workers was also reinstituted. “Among the strikers,” said Jose Guitierrez, “we are well united, but inside, I think it is different. ’ ’ Another aspect of Gal10 strategy was the use of its private security force, directed by Frank Clarke, who proudly tells reporters that he trained police in South Vietnam for the State Department from 1969 to 197 1. In the 1973 strike at Gallo the guards were used to keep strikers away from strikebreakers ; this year their task was to keep organizers away from the workers. Gallo actually submitted the names of 27 of the guards as eligible farm worker voters, but the local representative of the ALRB has said those votes will be challenged. The Teamsters themselves spent $2,000 a week on TV advertising, according to the manager of the local Spanish language station. The Teamster effort was directed by Johnny Macias, well-known to UFW strikers in Coachella in 1973 as Yellow Gloves, a lead member of the “goon squads” and the one who punched-a young woman inthe eye on a picket line. The main Teamster tactic in the campaign was to launch bitter attacks on the UFW and stress the

narrow interests of the workers. “I’m voting for the Teamsters,” said a young white Gal10 mechanic on the day of the vote. “They’re not a social movement, they just get you high wages and good benefits, like aunion should.” In its final preielection maneuver, Gallo circulated a letter among the workers asking them not to vote “no-union” the next day, and in fact, no votes for this position were cast. UFW organizers in; terpreted this move as a last minute effort to make sure that anti-UFW votes were not split between the Teamsters and a no-union position. Once the final determination of the vote is made, according to UFW representative Aggie Rose, “we’ll get the workers together to elect their negotiating committee and then we’ll get that contract that we should have had two years ago. And if there’s problems, we’ll boycott the hell out of them like we have been. ” Meanwhile, elections have been continuing around the state at the rate of three or four a day. The national press has taken a “scoreboard” approach to reporting the results of these elections: X number of victories for the UFW and Y for the Teamsters. This approach obscures several important aspects of what is happening, however. First, 5000 ballots have not been counted in Salinas, the strongest UFW area. Eighteen elections have taken place at Teamster ranches, but the results are not yet released. In the two that have been counted, the Teamsters protected their 15year-old contract at Bud Antle by a 880-265 vote, after a campaign similar to that waged at Gallo. On the other hand, the workers at Inter-Harvest reaffirmed their 5-year-old UFW contract by a 1167 to 26 vote. Secondly, as of September 14, the Teamsters have not won an

election at any ranch where the UFW holds a contract, but the UFW has won elections at 14 ranches that have Teamster contracts. Thirdly, the Teamsters are not makingany effort outside those areas where they now hold the sweetheart contracts with growers who allow them virtually uninterrupted access to the workers. On the other hand, the UFW has won elections in previously unorganized areas such as Stockton, Yolo County (north of Sacremento), and San Diego County. Finally, in Delano, the area where the Teamsters are having the most success, the UFW has threatened to boycott future elections unless, in Chavez’ w-ords, “something is done to protect the right of the workers to a really free vote.” In protest, farmworkers began picketing the offices of the ALRB in Sacremento after unanimously adopting the idea at a local membership meeting September 12. In one election alone in Delano, 200 out of 700 mostly Arab workers at the Elmco ranch did not vote after a foreman waved an automatic rifle around the labor camp on the morning of the election. According to several workers, the foreman was saying that “if Chavez wins there’s going to be some dead Arabs around here.” The Teamsters came out ahead among those who did vote by a 3 to 2 margin, but the UFW has filed a demand for a new election. Meanwhile, runoff votes will be necessary at two of the largest Delano companies, Tenneco and Guimarra. Tenneco, California’s largest agribusiness conglomerate, and a leader in bringing in the Teamsters in 1973, has taken a “no-union strategy this year, and in the first vote the Teamsters came in last behind a no-union and proUFW vote. --I

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We ail cook, clean, sew, be sexy, be good listeners, wush the dishes, look after children, smile a lot, do the laundry, do the shopping, mnke ends meet, decorate, etc. And wedo it allfor no u’nges. When we work.outside the home, M’eure doing two jobs-for haythe price of one. Because women are used to working without wages, the bosses can pay us less and get away with it. Because we are used to thinking that house&ork is “trivial” or “comes naturally” to us, we end up in jobs that are just an extension of housework; teaching, nursing, cleaning, rrlaitressing, office work, prostitution, social work, etc.

Suzie Fleming, Power of Women Collective, England Frances Gregory, Wages for Housework Collective, Toronto will be speaking

on Wages for Housework

Wednesday, October 22 8 pm Modern Languages 246 sponsored by the Federation ofStudents, Uni\persity of Waterloo

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J The movie Royal Flash was adapted from the book of the same name by George MacDonald Fraser, who also does the screenplay * If you have ever read any of the “Flashman Papers” you are prepared for this comic treat. The time is 1842 and Captain (Malcolm Harry Flashman McDowell) has just returned, resplendent in his Cherrypicker Hussar uniform, from the war in Afghanistan. He is welcomed home as a hero for defending Piper’s Fort and is awarded the V.C. Flashy, as his friends call him, managed to survive the Afghanistan campaign because he is a thoroughcoward. The only thing that Flashy is really good at besides bumping beauties and drinking to excess, is saving his skin. However, being an unscrupulous opportunist he exploits

his popular image of a hero. While escaping from a raid on a gambling club, he seeks refuge in the coach of one Otto von Bismarck (Oliver Reed) and his lovely unladylike companion Lola Montez (Florinda Bolkan). She protects him from the police and Bismarck leaves in disgust with Flashy, in his truly belligerent style calling him “a foulmouthed foreign dog.” Flashy proceeds to enchant Lola with such endearments as, “you ain’t bad for a Dago .’ ’ Flashy has made a mistake, by annoying Bismarck, that will affect his life and Europe’s history. Bismarck has told Lola that he will be a great man, he has a destiny to rule. Lola tells Flashy of her ambitions “to live as I please, to love as I please, and never grow old.” Flashy and Lola are very much alike except that she is a great deal cleverer.

Flashy further antagonizes Bismarck by ,goadi~g him into a fight with a professional boxer in which the arrogant Bismarck is soundly beaten. Lola and Flashy have a shortlived and very passionate affair aided and abetted by Lola’s hairbrush. It ends with a chamber pot (empty) aimed at Flashy’s head by the insatiable Lola. Lola is run out of England for duelling with a well:larded operatic soprano who Flashy has incited against her. Lola and Bismarck do not forget Flashy’s treatment of them. Lola becomes a court favourite of Ludwig of Bavaria and summons Flashy to Munich on a ‘ ‘matter of extreme delicacy.” There is 500 pounds involved so Flashy rushes off to Munich. Lola has lured Flashy to her court so that he can be kidnapped

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by Bismarck’s villainous aide Rud von Starnberg (Alan Bates). From this point, intrigue leads tc further intrigue in the true comic tradition. Captain Harry Flas hman is essential to Bismarck’s carefully plotted scheme to unite Germany under his rule. Like all great comedy figures, Flashman is wily. He’s also cowardly, rude, bigoted, ignorant and completely without scruples. For all that, he is a likeable character. We overlook his immorality because we envy his freedom, Although he fools everyone else with his conceited posturing, he i$ always honest with himself. Hc doesn’t believe in his owp sham ming and therefore anyone wit1 noble aspirations appears ludicrous to us through his perceptions o: them. By pretending to be the conven, tional hero while really being ar unconventional coward, Flash] points out the social mores of hi5 day. His character is set against tht impending revolutions of 1848 tha changed the politics of Europe. II part the movie ridicules the empty headed aristocracy and the nefari ous behaviour of the Europear monarchs . All the characters in the movie are the established comic types Bismarck is the cold seriou! Machiavellian master plotter, Lol; is the beautiful and wicked adven turess, Rudi von Stamberg is the cool, efficient villain and Duches: Irma (who puts the Royal in Flash is the beautiful but icy princess. Al though they are recognizable type! these characters have their own in dividuality, especially Flashmbn’s Malcolm McDowell brings the mock hero to life with every insul and boast. He is the cord that run! through the entire movie and unite: the action. The movie ends with Flash: again seeking shelter in Lola’, coach. Flashy hasn’t learned any thing from his adventures, but he’ still alive. Royal Flash is full of wit, laugh ter and intrigue. It has a superb cas and brilliant direction by Richarc Lester. -judy

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17, 1975

April Wine a\ band to get Caniida rocking . Stand back and listen with the volume cranked up high. That is what the music suggests on April Wine’s latest contribution to the Canadian rock scene. Their music & first rate fare, but their story is typical of some other Canadian bands. April Wine is in the limelight while the brilliance of recognition shines on American talent or Canadian groups that have defected to a foreign label. April Wine, though, has a host of qualities that easily combine into a success formula. This Montreal-based band is on a recording label, Canadian Aquarius, whic,h appeals to the patriotic record buyer. Their first album “On Record” firmly entrenched April Wine in the musical world, but something was lacking. Wholesale changes in the makeup of a group are sometimes detrimental to its well-being but such is not the case here. , Vitality

When percussionist ’ Ritchie Henman and guitarist David Henman (who are now with the Dudes) left the group, they were replaced by Jerry Mercer and Gary Moffet performing on drums and guitar respectively . This infused April Wine with a vitality reminiscent of the,ir “Stand Back” is early records. probably the band’s best album under their belt. All four musicians share the vocal load, with background pro-

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vided by Mercer and Moffet, and the leads taken by bassist ,Jim Clench and Myles Goodwyn, who deftly handles both guitar and keyboards. Before the last two releases, only Goodwyn was designated lead vocalist. Clench and Goodwyn also compose for the group. Canadian

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When the words in the songs do change, the change is quite noticeable. “Highway Hard Run” accurately depicts the hectic life of a band on the road, while the defiant lyrics of “Don’t Push Me Around” create the attitude of a young, successful singer-trying to sort things out at eighteen. Exceptional guitarwork in the form of beautiful riffs and sw,oops and pulsing percussive rhythms abound throughout the album, Goodwyn and Clench’s wide ranges of tone and their blending harmonies also fuse to create the essential commercial sound on their hits. “Stand Back” has churned out three hits in succession. All in 1975, “Oowatanite” and “I Wouldn’t Want To, Lose Your Love”, burst onto the air. “Ton&e Is A Wonderful Time To Fall In Love” is still climbing the charts. After having April Wine alternately caress and assault his eyes and ears a few years back with their dynamic stage presence in Sault St. Marie, this ardent follower has little doubt that April Wine will continue to magnetize listeners and their latest effort supports that belief. I have heard peoele complain many times that what Canada needs is another rock and roil band. These boys know how to r&k! -peter

McLAlJCHLAN~IN and Dan Hill

Craftsmanship

Instrumentation has been kept simple and quality high on “Stand Back”. Jerry Mercer makes frequent and effective use of the cowbell, notably on “Oowatanite” and “Highway Hard Run”. Jim Clench skillfully fingers the electric bass guitar. The driving beat is constant with just enough variation, guaranteed to keep the record3equently spinning on your turntable. This account would not be complete without mentioning that the record is constructed of the finest extruded poly-vinyl and the perfectly round centre-hole is designed with all the exactness of Canadian craftsmans hip. Lyrics are mostly oriented towards a love ballad theme, and one tends not to associate deep meaning and insight with them. The tendency of most of the songs to ooze love with sexual connotations is the only real blemish I found in the tilbum contents. T There are no filler cuts on “Stand Back”. The long interval between “Electric Jewels” and “Stand Back” shows there was

considerable Back”.

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David Brown (left) re-creates his stage role as The Creature in Mary Shelley’s gothic horror story Frankenstein on CL Stage, Sat. Oct. 25. He is seen at right in costume for the original version adapted for Theatre New Brunswick> I Alden Now/an and Walter Learning. Frixkenstein-The Man Who Became Cod was critical/y acclaimed during first run and is to tour the Maritimes this fall. Mary Shelley’s classic, written when she was just 79, is tailor-made f radio.

A novel of a brilliant young scientist who robbed graves to fashion a living being has become a legend. The young scientist was called Victor Frankenstein, and the author of the gothic horror story was Mary Godwin Shelley. The book was born on a dark stormy night in Switzerland, 1816, when the author, her husband, poet Percy Shelley, and their friend Lord Byron decided to see who could write the best horror story. Since then the story has been adapted many times. There are

Boris Karloff, Andy Warhol, and Mel Brooks’ versions rolling round the movie screen. There have been TV productions, and two contemporary novels purport to carry Shelley’s creation a step further. But CBC, wishing to have no part of imitations, has resurrected the monster in his original form, to shamble and creek through Canada’s radios. The -fist stage production of Frankenstein was written in summer 1974 by New Brunswick poet Alden Nowlan and Walter Learn-

ing, artistic director of Theat New Brunswick. The original te was used for that production ar the result was acclaimed a gre success by critics. David Brown played The Cre ture in that play-The Man WB Became God and he will recreate h stage role in the radio version. TI monster who only wanted to 1 loved will burst onto radio speake for 90 minutes in a special CB stage production Saturday, Oct. 1 atthechillyhourof8:30p.m.

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NEXT WEEK or those of you who weren’t there, the Heartaches Razz Band provided free noise in the campus center great ha// on Vednesday noon. The same band can be caught in the campus centre pub by anyone with the price of admission.

photo by nina tymoszewicz

Monday-Saturday

AUTUM.N

RUSH

ShaNa Na

S’pZish-splashrock and roll They’re certainly the freshest ids, are Sha Na Na, a splishplash celebration of rock and roll aunched from the subways, streetorners and lounges on to the stage If consistent standing - room - only bopularity. Their musically theatical renderings of tunes too umerous to name, have rocked apturous millions. In six years ten young multidented professionals, have, uough Woodstock, riotously sucessful European tours, television overage from Antwerp to Eye Critness News and a 250 day-a year world-wide touring schedule, beome the hottest floating rock and $1 show this side of heaven. It is hard to say whether Sha Na Ja are most essentially actors who ante, sing, and play rock and roll, r hitters who, getting bugged riving up and down the same old trip, so to ‘speak, decided they rere ten good reasons why rock nd roll would never die. As Tony Santini explains : ‘ ‘Peo-le are constantly wondering about s; but what we really like our auiences to do, is to enjoy us, and ot quite be sure, and not really are.” Whereas Sha Na Na began as a 50 minute dash” now their stage low blends the unpredictability of 1 hand-jiving greasers with sets, horeography (that in the past you rould have had to go to Braadway ) find), and costumes designed by ie same creative types that have esigned many of Elton John’s lost outrageous rags. After Sha Na Na’s distinguished Iad manager has thanked the rock ungry public for demanding a iird and fourth encore, it becomes ossible to calmly recollect that ach individual Sha has been worklg for years to perfect his own parcular attitude and act.’ Each of the has on stage is part of a comunity that takes in the punk rating his bicycle chain as well as the nooth elegance of Johnny Mathis

or the piano pounding power of Jerry Lee Lewis. Today, these images have been expanded to include the sexy, sultriness of Elvis coming down a massive staircase Busby Berkley style and even The Who’s Pinball Wizard himself, ‘ ‘ Tommy’ ’ . Offstage, the Shas are united in a common articulate fluency about their backgrounds in a variety of acting, singing, dancing and performing endeavors. Also amongst Sha Na Na’s newly acquired props will be a rather dramatic 20 foot high inflatable jukebox. This and other rather impressive surprises were created by well-known set designer Gene McAvoy, who is best known for his work on network television which includes The Smothers Brothers, Sonny dz Cher, Hullaballoo and the upcoming Mary Tyler Moore Special. Under the dance direction of Jamie Rogers, who has taught the Osmond Brothers, and directed the Broadway version of “Golden Boy” as well as Sonny & Cher and Ben Vereen’s ‘recent summer series, the 10 members of Sha Na Na have painstakingly learned the routines that look totally effortless once the band is onstage and

moving in full gear. Top 40 radio, teenage lust and an irrepressible ambition to perform has brought ten men from Boise and Kansas City, Boston and New York into the most uni@e and rocking theatrical collabtion working today .’ A six year old product of musical and artistic democracy in action, the experience of Sha Na Na grants every member of the audience his natural birthright as a participant in that fiist era of a pop culture, a self-perpetuating phenomenon that has helped form the ideals and emotions of millions of young people. If Sha Na Na and rock and roll are here to stay, it isn’t because of a gimmick or a formula; it is because Sha Na Na and rock and roll are pure entertainment, that somehow engages the highest and the most basic elements of our minds and bodies. And when you can get your mind and body to work as expressively as every Sha does, then you’re what both Plato and those freakin’ hippies might call “together”. Sha Na Na will be coming to Kitchener for a concert at the Auditorium on Oct. 23 as part of their current Canadian tour.-

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friday,

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Scientists

October

I 7, I 97

and their images

What does your friend.lyneighbourhood scientist look like? The foIlowing reprint from the &gust 75 issue of the British journal “New Scientist” i//ustrates the results of their survey on the image of scientists. It indicates that the scientists’ view of their “image” differs from the image which non-scientists have of them. There are a/so differences in opinion between younger and older people. In some instances, such as “objectivity”, even scientists do not seem to believe in their own self-image. The investigators, P. Hills and M. Shallis, had to cope with a multitude of variables and with lots of room for interpretation of the results. The know/edge gained by-this research does not seem to provide a too/ for analysis of science related problems. However, in itself, it may be <of interest to those who wondered about themselves. /-/i//s is lecturer in educationa/ technology at the University of Surrey and Shallis is a student in astrophysics at Oxford.

Increasingly, science is regarded as a social phenomenon and it is clear that the environment in which it operates is determined not by scientists alone, but also by a series of interrelated social, economic and political factors. Consequently, the functioning of science depends, to some extent, on the views that non-scientists have of scientists, and the extent to which this matches the scientists’ own view of themselves. Results from the New Scientist/New Society questionnaire, published in the May 8,. 1975 issues, have made it clear that stereotyped images of scientists do exist and that scientists’ views of themselves are often far from the view that non-scientists hold about them. The majority of the 1559 respondents (irrespective of age, sex, educational background or occupation) feel that scientists are cautious, calm and realistic. The scientist is strongly believed to be an atheist and many replies indicated that “scientists are really very much like anyone else”. The statements “scientists are unaware of anything outside their own subject:’ and “scientists try hard to explain their work to the general -public” both drew strong disagreement from the majority of respondents. However, these general results are not as revealing as the differences that emerge between the group of scientists and the group of non-scientists who replied. Results show that scientists see themselves as approachable, sociable, open and unconventional; as having many interests and as being popular. In contrast non-scientists see them as being remote: withdrawn, secretive and conventional. Scientists, they think, have few interests and are rather unpopular. Scientists and- non-scientists in general differ over the statement that “scientists tend to think of people in terms of statistics”. The scientists disagree, while the non-scientists agree. In dealing more specifically with moral responsibility the scientists generally agreed that they “would stop their work if they thought it was harmful. ’ 9 Non-scientists were rather more skeptical and most of them disagreed with the statement.

ist? One problem in dealing with data from the questionnaire -was in categorising respondents as “scientists” or “non-scientists”. For the purposes of comparison respondents science were classified as scientists,

students, science i-elated, non-scientists and non-science students. Scientists, we decided, must be working largely in research, and science teachers and technologists were classed as being science related, as were other people whose occupational descriptions implied directly or even indirectly that they were exposed to science or had contact with scientists.

Ten senior members of China’s higher Goodrich p/ant in Kitchener to familiarize (see story on page 5)

that the results presented are only typical of the self-selected population from the readers of the two magazines the questionnaire appeared in. Later work will extend these studies. The opening question to the survey asked respondents to complete the sentence “When I think of a scientist, I think of. . .” This type of open-ended question is par-

education themselves

Several science school teachers emphasized that they considered themselves to be scientists and some respondents thought scientists were “people who have studied science’ ’ . We believe this is too general a categorisation to be an adequate definition, but should a definition be as narrow as the one we decided on for the purposes of classification? One area where it really is difficult to decide is where people have stopped doing active research because administration has become their central task. Heads of research teams and science administrators fall into this area. Should they therefore be included in a definition? John Ziman defines science in his book Public Knowledge (CUP, 1968) as being a consensus of rational opinion distinct from other bodies of knowledge and from its application. We feel that scientists are those who do “science” in Ziman’s sense, not those who teach it or write about it. As one respondent put it, a scientist is “a man devoted mainly or almost‘exclusively to the discovery of new knowledge”. All other respondents were classified as non-scientists, but this group was not a typical cross-section of the public. Thirty-seven per cent of all respondents, including the students, were in the “non-scientist” category . They were perhaps more representative of the well-educated (ie, possess degree or higher degree) end of the “public” spectrum, but it must always be borne in mind

Scientists , science-related people an non-scientists all mentioned this quality, bt students and younger people tended not I emphasize it as much. Statements lik “someone with an objective and inquirir mind” or “an objective seeker after tf: truth” were typical of this category of r( sponse. Objectivity is a generally agreed c harac teristic held about science and scientist! Yet Ian Mitroff, reporting his research on th Apollo moon scientists , concluded that SC entists undertake research holding subjec tive hypotheses, and that the idea of PUI scientific objectivity was not actually foun in “real science” . Further evidence that SC entists’ experiences clash with the class picture of objective research is given in Be: nice Eiduson and Linda Beckman’s Scienc; as a Career Choice (Russell Sage -Found: tion, 1973). This suggests that objectivity partly a myth held by scientists about SC ence and whichis perhaps projected by thei to the public.

A man in a white coat The survey was conducted as an atteml to establish what people imagine scientis

system visited UW earlier this week. They toured the engineering facilities and the B.\ with the co-op system. The picture shows the delegation in the engineering graphics /al:

titularly valuable in a survey of this kind. It not only reinforces the answers to quantitative questions, but also allows respondents to voice their opinions on whatever aspects of their “image of a scientist” they choose, before they are led through a number of fixed choices. The responses to-this open question in many cases mentioned similar aspects of people’s image of a scientist to those expressed later in the questionnaire. Intelligence was a frequently-mentioned characteristic of scientists, a typical response being: ‘ ‘When I think of a scientist , I think of a highly intelligent, practical and logical person, usually somewhat eccentric.” That scientists have logical minds figured often, as well as eccentricities, often specifically absent-mindedness. The scientist as “a well-educated person, dedicated to his chosen field” was another typical response although frequently it was phrased in terms such as “specialised” or “overspecialised”, the latter phrase being linked to scientists as remote characters. Remoteness was emphasised largely by the non-science groups. It was typified by statements describing the scientist as “a reserved man, absorbed in his own subject with few interests outside it” or as “an isolated individual, cut off Tom the realities of the world”. A number of replies to the first question associated scientists with objectivity. This was also consistent with replies to the questions about a scientist’s work.

are like. The results confirm that the m jority of respondents think of scientists some extent in stereotyped images and th this is particularly so among the non-scien groups. A separate study altogether would have be mounted to try to determine whether not scientists did tend to have those featur of personality or opinion that the stereotyl image bestows on them. A view held by nine per cent of all respo dents was that scientists cover “a very wit range of people-there is no stereotype This complements the opinion generally e pressed that “most scientists are very mu like anyone else.” Indeed, this tended to 1 the view expressed by people who did n like the whole concept of the questionnai and said so. In comparison to the nine per cent of I spondents who did not see scientists in stereotyped image, were the 23 per cent w described the scientist in physical tern The number of responses typified by ’ white-coated man in spectacles, working ir laboratory” was extraordinary. Fifteen per cent of all respondents me tioned that they think of scientists weari white coats; however, only six per cent scientists responded in this way, while 20 F cent of non-science students gave this rel to the opening question. Many replies al added that the response had been spontar ous and not influenced by the statement ir later question “most scientists wear wh coats and work in laboratories”.

iday,

October

17, 1975

Remarkably, half those who had stated 1st that in their opening question actually isagreed with the statement in the later uestion. This indicates the strength of this pontaneous stereotype image which people ave and yet, when questioned, do not really elieve is true. The survey lists the more opular physical characteristics attributed 1 scientists and illustrates that the bespecgcled, balding, old and shabbily dressed figre comes across very strongly as a general I nage. Some of these physical descriptions were :ry detailed: for example, glasses were gold rimmed”, had “thick black rims” or ere “rimless”, while hair was described as smooth, carefully brushed back” or “sticklg up in uneven tufts”. However, the naracteristic image is sometimes acknow:dged as a myth. One respondent added in brackets “acrally I know a lot of scientists and they -en’t a bit like this. . .“. Another contrasng reply added, “I realize this is not true, ut I have never met a real-life scientist and nd it hard to believe in their reality”. Another popular response to this question as naming people who presumably sumarized or typified scientists to the respon:nt. This response was given especially by :ientists. Seventy-two different names ere given. It is interesting to note that five ztional characters (eg, Professor Branes.wm) were nominated and six non:ientists (eg, Graham Garden of the oodies) were also given. Another frelently given response was “When I think ? scientists, I think of my collegues”, or )me similar phrase referring to actual nown scientists without naming them. One - two respondents wrote “myself ‘. In analyzing the replies to their first queson it became clear that there were two inorities of extreme responses. We clasfied these as being either “very friendly” * “very hostile” towards science and sciensits. The hostile group came markedly more om New Society readers and consisted prelminantly of non-scientists. The friendly -oup was larger; came mainly from New zientist readers, and was generally both opmistic about science and saw it as a solver Y problems.

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Typical friendly responses said scientists were “the only people capable of solving the world’s problems”, “dedicated people” who could “take the human race forward to Utopia”. The “conquest of disease, famine, ignorance” was cited. This group frequently expressed the view that society undervalued scientists. The scientist “is a grossly underestimated and underrated member of society” was a typical statement, reinforced by the view of scientists as “people capable of contributing a lot more than society has asked them for”. The survey shows there are more students and young people among the friendly group than in the hostile group and the optimism expressed may be a characteristic reflection of youth.

Occasionally abusive The hostile group was occasionally abusive towards scientists. “An uncultured illiterate” was one response; another thought of scientists as epitomizing “largely unjustified arrogance”. The majority of statements were concerned over the “dangers of science”. Experiments on “dogs, rabbits and other small animals locked incages” were attacked, and pollution and war were often cited as being the moral responsibility of the scientist. The scientist was said to be “often blind to the disastrous consequences of his work” and “their destructive capabilities in controlling the future” painted a more fearsome picture of scientists than came from other groups. The one phrase that summarizes most of the hostile replies states: “When I think of a scientist, I think of intellectual curiosity triumphing over moral responsibility.” The friendly/hostile polarities extend throughout all the questions answered by these respondents. In all cases where scientists’ views differed from the non-scientists’ views we found the friendly sample answered in the same way as the scientists. Thus they described scientists as sociable, open, popular and so on. The hostile group answered like the- non-scientists in these cases and so gave their image of a scientist as being withdrawn, secretive and unpopular. In the question where respondents were

Several weeks ago, the University of Waterloo’s vice-president academic T. A. Brzustowski circulated a memo in which he urged the members of the senate long-range planning committee to read an attached copy of the following reprinted article. The article had appeared in the July 75.issue of the journal “Science”. The author, Frank Press of MIT, believes that “new institutional arrangements will be necessary if the universities are to maintain their scientific strength.” He suggests “there is a growing national concern about the health of science.” The chevron shares the author’s concern and apparently that of ‘Brzustowski. However, we doubt that the proposals deal effectively with the fundamental causes of loss of “scientific strength”. ,-‘.. , The structure of basic scientific research in the United States differs from that in other countries in that the universities have traditionally played the major role. The strength of science in the country is therefore directly related to the health of the universities. Currently both public and private universities are in difficult positions because of demographic changes affecting enrollment and increasing costs not matched by income. Seven out of ten science and engineering faculty members now hold tenure, and the proportion of young faculty members dropped from 39 per cent in 1968 to 28 per cent in 1974. The rigidity imposed by the tenure system and the inability to bring in young people because of the reduced number of faculty openings may degrade the research performance of some of the most famous and productive departments in the country. Although a tie between research and education was justifiable in an earlier era, university research may require a new format, independent of the teaching function, in the coming years of declining student population. I believe that new institutional arrangements will be necessary if the universities are to maintain their scientific strength, and the following are some suggestions which might be considered. A number of university science departments would be designated by government science support agencies as National Research Centers. They would be selected on the basis of past and current research performance, the commitment of the university to the field, and in some cases geographic distribution. Each research center might receive start-up funds, coherent area grants, with funding for 3 to 5 year periods from government

asked to agree or disagree with a given statement the hostile group agreed that “scientists are apt to be odd and peculiar people” while the friendly group disagreed. “Most scientists try to make the world a‘ better and safer place to live in” was the view supported by the friendly group, in common with the -majority of all respondents, but the hostile group disagreed with this statement. The latter also described science as being lonely, boring, monotonous and frightening, whereas no other group gave emphasis to these adjectives. Friendly respondents emphasized the qualities stimulating, involving, important and exciting in connection with scientists’ work, again siding with the science groups. One surprising response was to the statement “scientists are respected by the public”. Fifty-eight per cent of the science groups and 67 per cent of the non-scientists agreed with this. Of the hostile group 54 per _ cent agreed and so did 56 per cent of the friendly group. No real differences are found in a question where some might have been expected.

The disenchanted young? Analysis of the results by age groups indicates two general trends. The first and less strong of the two is that the middle (ie, 30-39, 40-49) age groups tended to be rather less enthusiastic about science and were more muted in their overall response. They showed lower percentages, for example, on the question about scientists’ work, following the pattern of the other replies but less strongly. This was most noticeable for the descriptions involving exciting, important and original. This less enthusiastic tone was also indicated in the response to the statements “most scientists try to make the world a better and safer place to live in” and “most scientists would stop their work if they thought it was harmful”. They agreed with the former, but not strongly, and they disagreed with the latter statement where other age groups agreed. If disenchantment shows in the middle age groups then it does not among the young.

agencies Designation as a National Research @enter would not imply continued, automatic funding, but the many projects in a center would be judged individually and competitively. The centers would be staffed primarily by recent Ph.D’s, who would be supported full-time by government grants. The universities would undertake to grant rolling 3-year periods of tenure and offer space and other amenities to make the positions attractive. Faculty members in departments might become researchers at the centers for periods of 1 to 3 years, and vice versa. These centers would enable universities to bring young scientists into the university community, in close connection with established departments, and in this way insure the flow of the best young minds into the basic research structure of the universities. There are many university scientists in the age range 55 to 65 who believe that their contributions to science are behind them and who would like to seek alternate ways to contribute during the last decade of their career. Government agencies would study the feasibility of undertaking to aid universities in finding alternate careers for these individuals. The university commitment might be something along the lines of purchasing annuities to cover the individuals for ages 55 through 65, at which time retirement would begin. The government contribution might be senior fellowships covering the remainder of the salary, which ,, would enable the individuals to war-k in local government or foreign technical assistance programs, teach at small colleges that cannot afford science staffs, write textbooks, or staff professional or educational organizations. New faculty positions might be opened for young people in this manner. Several hundred young scientists would be selected on a competitive basis and be given salary support for several years. These positions would be used primarily to bring young scientists into a university department several years in advance of a retirement. Although grants would be made to individuals, only university departments that make the case that they will add an individual to the department in the next several years would’be eligible to receive these “national scientists. ” I am not oblivious to the fact that these proposals will cost money and this may not be the time to make such requests. However there is a growing national concern about the health of science. Perhaps the time has arrived for science support agencies and universities to initiate discussions with Congress and the Executive Branch about possible new institutional arrangements for research in the universities.

Their enthusiasm and optimism shows strongly in the results of this questionnaire and to that extent does not confirm the generally held view that the young are disenchanted with science. However, as the population replying to this questionnaire is biased strongly towards science-interested people it cannot be taken as representative of general trends in the public at large. What is noticeable, however, is that the non-science students are considerably more hostile towards scientists than any other group, and 15 per cent of them fall into the hostile group as defined above. This compares with less than seven per cent of the whole survey response that was hostile. The survey shows the contrasts between the responses of the science students and non-science students to several questions. It could well be that the non-science students, particularly those who are readers of New Society, provide a limited view of the young, who are disenchanted with science. On the other hand, science students’ enthus&m for their subiect, and obvious optimism, shows up weliin this work, tending to confirm the studies, again reported by E&son and Beckman, that young people who are thinking of taking up science as a career see scientists in terms of an image which they then try to emulate. As scientists they later retain this image and modify it only a little in the light of their experience. The “myth” of objectivity, we feel, is part of this image. that is selfperpetuating through this recruitment mechanism. It could also be suggested that, as the scientific community is rather closed, it puts pressure on its members to conform to this “image”, again producing a selfperpetuating met hanism. Science students who replied to this survey responded in a pattern almost identical to the scientists, although they emphasized such words as involving, responsible, exciting, and important more than the scientists, and they emphasized monotonous, boring and lonely less than the scientists did. One result that previous research had indicated we might expect to find was that differences would occur between different types of scientists, for example, between biologists and physicists. Indeed, several respondents mentioned that different types of scientists had different images. (One said, for example, that biologists were “more human’ ’ .) There was little evidence from our results to illustrate these differences, if they exist. Most biologists chose the options “emotional” and “secretive” in describing scientists, while all other scientists tended to choose, “unemotional” and “open”. Most mathematicians and engineers disagreed that ‘ ‘most scientists would stop their work if they thought it was harmful”, whereas most other scientists agreed with that statement. In other respects the scientists tended to respond in the same overall pattern. Three main “images” of scientists emerge from this survey. These we have called neutral, friendly and hostile. The first of these is the generally agreed image that all respondent groups noted. The other two types are typified by the scientist’s image of himself--one that is also shared by his students and those that are friendly towards science-and the nonscientists’ image of the scientist (also held by the hostile group). This survey has not shown how large this hostilegroup may be in the population as a whole. That stereotypes exist is a fact that should be faced. If those stereotypes are a result of lack of knowledge then it is important to educate and inform, through the media and the schools and colleges, in order to avoid the prejudice that can \ grow out of lack of knowledge. Nearly- 20 years ago Brock Chisholm clearly expressed the consequences that lack of knowledge, leading to anxiety and anxiety leading to fear, could give rise to, when he wrote in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: “The human race may begin to fear scientists to such an extent that it will take uncontrolled action towards them” (vol 10, p 355). Surely, through trying to understand more about scientists and the processes of science, and by sharing that understanding widely with the whole public, the “gulf of that separates the “two cdprejudice” tures” can be bridged. If it is not, then Dr. Chisholm’s prediction might well prove true.

’

friday, October

the chevron

Spain: another civil War? The European Economic Community (EEC) has broken off trade talks with Spain because of the violations of human rights there and p/edged financial aid to Portugal now that its government is “democratic”. But though Dr. Soares, the Portuguese Socialist leader, was wkomed by the British Labour Party at its conference, he was the target for a far left mob on his return to Lisbon where some left-wing regiments are refusing to obey orders, and Prime Minister Azevedo admitted the government was not in full control. Funds from the CIA are believed to be going to Portuguese moderate forces. The C/A director William Co/by visited Madrid this summer and it is thought coordinated plans for the whole peninsula, including Spain’s counter-insurgency programme. The US and Spain have reached basic agreement on the US bases there. On the day of a pro-franc0 rally in Madrid at which the Spanish dictator promised a continued tough line, three police were killed by anti-fascists in the suburbs. Later three police were killed in the Basque country and a Basque nationalist was murdered extremists. The following articles from the Manchester Guardian examine current events

by right-wing

in Spain in the light of that nation’s recent history. In the first, Walter Schwarz reports on political polarization in Spain. In the second, A/an Smith examines the treatment of Basque militants by the fascists while the third is an analysis by Mark Arnold-Foster of the effect of the recent executions on Spain’s foreign relations.

Another Spanish civil war-with all its frightening implications of foreign involvement-now looks more likely. That is the consensus of opinion here among liberals, the semi underground opposition, and even among Fascists who pride themselves ‘on their clear-sightedness. In a ceremonial sense the war has already started. Its declaration was the hasty passage last August of the anti-terrorist law, prescribing procedures that amount in law to official lynching. The first blood has now been shed on each side. The fiist five urban guerillas were executed a fortnight ago and in Madrid the following Wednesday four policemen guarding banks were shot down, apparently with no other object then vengeance for the execution. More executions are now awaited daily and three more police have been killed in the north. The shooting on each side is done by a small minority of Spaniards. One opposition leader estimated that all the militants of ETA, the Basque guerrilla group, and FRAP, the extreme left-wing anti-Fascists, plus all their more or less militant supporters, could not conceivably number more than 20,000. And he calculated that all the dedicated Fascists ready at this moment to shoot, could hardly number more than another 20,Oo. But what alarms the people now is the pace at which militant support grows on each side, and the rapid polarisation into Fascist and anti-Fascists eAfter the executions there were 100,000 Basques on strike, defying a penalty of 12 years imprisonment under the new law for “showing sympathy for terrorists”; on the other side, 150,000 people in Madrid’s Orient Square, shouting: ‘ ‘Death to ETA-long live France.” a Up till last week a scenario for a peaceful changeafter France’s death or resignation was ready and widely accepted by Government and Opposition alike. It was that France’s designated heir, the young Prince Juan Cados, would assume power and initiate a dialogue with the Opposition which would result in a transition to a generally and internationally accepted form of democracy. But, Prince Juan Carlos appeared on the Palace balcony at France’s side. He said nothing, ,and his silence irretrievably commits him on one side in the coming struggle. “The Prince’s prospects are now down to almost zero,” said a shrewd and normally cautious foreign diplomat. Up to now the non-Communist opposition grouped in the so-called “democratic platform” has pinned its hopes on the Prince while the Communists and their allies in the “democratic junta” have referred to his more outspokenly democratic father, the legitimate heir, Prince Don Juan. If not the Prince, who? His father, in exile, seemed to put his hat in the ring for a succession last June when he assembled leading opposition groups in a patriotic meeting at his home in Portugal. Since then, he has continued assiduously to entertain opposi-

tion leaders from Spain. Several of these who I saw in Madrid reported that he was “disgusted” at his son’s silence in the face of what was happening and determined to renew his efforts to make himself available as an alternative. But what chance has Don Juan? He lacks official blessing. He has committed himself to democracy and thus confronts the hard core of Fascists. Here again, the battle lines are drawn. That leaves -only the army. Opposition groups of all shades agreed here that the army has become deeply worried and that

colonels, brigadiers, and generals have begun anxious political soundings to reconnoitre the pos t-Franc0 period. Can the generals step in and provide a peaceful transition. 3 Senor Antonio Garcia Lopez, leader of the small Social Democrat Group among the opposition, thinks it can and will. “You cannot compare it to the Portuguese army. This is an army that shoots. It is disciplined and united. Once it makes up itsmindtodoathing,itcandoit.” But other opposition leaders are less sanguine about the army. “Once it comes out of its barracks, it won’t be so easy to make it go back, and we could be in a Portuguese situation,” said a leader of the important Christian Democratic Group, Senor Fernando Alvat-es Demiramda. But all these politicians in the wings claim to have evidence that the army generals have accepted the need for democratic change. But how democratic ? “The generals are still determinedley anti-Communist,” said one group leader, claiming that this factor has scotched recent efforts for a fusion between platform” (the antithe “democratic Communist parties, dominated by the Chrisand the traditional tian Democrats Socialists) and the Junta (dominated by the Communists and the radical Socialists). The role of honest broker between the army and the moderate opposition is being attempted by a middle group, popularly known as the “civilised Right.” This group, which was not-allowed to form itself into a political “association” under the new laws, launched a private company instead, known as Fedica. One of its leaders, the Count of Motrico, a former Ambassador in Washington, is understood to have had contact with the army. “We are in a pre-revolutionary situation,” said Professor Thiemo Galvan, the distinguished sociologist who is the theoretician of

I 7, I 9

the Popular Socialist Party, the radic Socialists who are inside the Junta. All t elements are there: an economic crisis : thoroughly weak regime, and an army on t sidelines wondering where and when act.” A situation like that is not altogether nc to Spain. What is new is the alarming pola sation situation of the last few days. Ser Arias, the Prime Minister, associated hi self 18 months ago with liberalisatic thereby bidding for foreign sympathy a EEC support. Now, almost overnight, has abandoned his experiment. Liberalisn dead. Most political observers in -Mad agree that Arias will now move farther to t Right, or be replaced by someone else w will. Senor Felipe Gonzales, head of PSOR the traditional Socialist Party, thinks 1 Arias Government is now likely to be placed by one with an even harder line. TI too,, is a common view and many pea] think the time has come for a hard-liner li Senor Solis, Minister in Charge of II Moviemento, to take over and try to foun new ideology of after-Francoism on 1 rough model of Gaullism. But, as the Right gathers steam, so al does the Left. ‘ ‘Day by day we are seeing t politicisation of the workers,” said Prof sor Galvan. He meant that every new exec tion brings untold new recruits for the volution. Which scenario will be inactive? Nobo has had a precise answer for years. Now least almost everyone agrees that the ( hope that France might somehow “g (hand over voluntarily) is dead. He will I leave until he dies-or withers away lj Salazar. A few Opposition leaders this we were still hopeful that a group of gener might persuade him, or gently force him go: but these were a minority.

Torturing the‘- Basques Systematic torture has been used to intimidate and obtain confessions from people in two Basque provinces of Spain, an Amnesty International mission has found. ‘Among those Amnesty has named as torture victims are Juan Paredes Manot, one of the five executed by firing squad last month, and another Basque separatist leader, Pedro Ignacio Perez, now facing trial and an almost certain death sentence. Although the mission was concerned solely with two Basque provinces where civil rights have been suspended, an Amnesty official in London said that three others of those executed had been condemned on evidence extracted from them under torture. The mission’s report says that Manot and another prisoner, Beotegui, gave information under torture which led to further arrests. One of the men subsequently arrested was reported by police to have committed suicide, although the police later changed their story and said he died in a shooting incident. . Amnesty’s investigators say they received personal and direct evidence of the torture of 45 Basque detainees, and further credible and convincing evidence that a minimum of 250 others had also been tortured. Their report stresses that this is a minimum figure only and there were possibly many more who were not known to the lawyers, witnesses and 15 victims interviewed on their lo-day visit in July. “There is strong evidence, as a number of Spanish lawyers told the Amnesty International mission, that torture is used systematically whenever the’ individual does not immediately confess voluntarily,” the report says. The mission received “reliable information that upwards of one thousand people” were detained in each of the two provinces of Vizcaya and Guipuzcoa, the report says. Unofficial

estimates given by lawyers of several thousand detentions ap. pear to be more realistic than official figures, which said that 189 people had been detained in one month after May 25, of whom 9C had been released. The mission was investigating torture allegations during the three-month “state of exception” in the two provinces, when civil rights, including habeas corpus were suspended. Although that period ended in July, a new decree law approved in August “increases the likelihood that such abuses . . . will become more frequent throughout Spain,” the report concludes. “Most severe of all is the new mandatory death penalty for all those convicted of killing a member of the security forces.” The new law, the report says, establishes for the next two years an effective national “state of exception,” which the report describes as “one step short of martial law .” Under the new law I Spanish citizens lose fundamental rights, such as the right to be brought before a magistrate within72 hours of detention. The investigators, an American attorney, Mr. Thomas Jones of Washington, and Dr. Burkhard Wisser, Professor of Philosophy in Karlsruhe, West Germany, said the most common form of torture used by the Spanish security forces against Basques was severe and systematic beatings all over the body with a variety of weapons. In many of these cases, there was a combination of beating and painfully protracted calisthenics, the report says. One man told the investigators : “When one group of police tired of beating me, another would come in. They made me do deep knee-bends for one and a half hours while they were beating me.” A young woman said she had been beaten while being forced to do hundreds of deep knee-bends. A man described being made to walk while squatting with hands handcuffed under his legs, and being beaten. Women were so sadistically beaten and humiliated that it was not easy for them to meet the investigators. “Some did, however, and they told of sexual threats, including sterilisation, of being made to walk naked in the police station, of being manhandled in front of male friends to force information from the men and of insults that are so degrading as to be a form of psychological torture.” At the central police station in Bilbao, a man said a doctor examined victims in order to advise police how long it would take for bruises to disappear. Amnesty has recommended the Spanish medical association to investigate and discipline doctors taking part in torture. Amnesty is asking the Spanish authorities to enforce United Nations standards for the treatment of prisoners, and to bring detainees before a judicial officer within 24 hours. The death penalty should be abolished, torture victims compensated and rehabilitated, and senior officers held accountable for torture committed by the three main national police forces.

10. .“.

friday,

October

Spain

the chevron

17, 1975

27 _

Alimony cal place in the transatlantic community.” The execution of the five Spaniards on Saturday has put the ‘Spani& government * Butthese are the things that visitors have to say. back into the diplomatic ddghouse. General France’s refusal to c&mute their sentences In practice the negotiations between Spain has jeopardised all four main objectives of and the US have continued to be hard and his. foreign policy. These are---Or were-the bitter with Spain demanding either a formal conclusion of a. formal defence agreement alliance or much more money and a lot more with the United States, the establishment of arms and with the US refusing to be drawn closer economic relations with the EEC with too far into a deaLwith% dictator whose days a view to possible membership, membership must be numbered and whose aftermath is of NATO, and the redemption (as Spain sees unpredictable. it) of Gibraltar. General France’s chances of establishing Before the weekend these were the four closer relations with the EEC have also been projects dearest to the hearts of Spanish dip diminished by the -executions. Both the lomati . Since dawn on Saturday-when the European Assembly and the EEC Commisfiring squads went to work--the chance that sion were less hesitant in making their pro; any of the four will be realised has bwome tests than they- appeared to be. . The llki!Wl. Assembly’s 35 to 3 1 vote in favour of protest General1 Frtico had been,wamed of this. -reflected not so much a difference of convicHe had been warned by members of the DS tion or principle as a difference on tactics. Congress, by the EEC Commission,.by the The point made by the leader of the 3 1 (the European Parliament, by all the Europe? Deputy for S&on Walden, as Mr. Peter Socialist parties, by half the Chancelleries of Kirk is known in Luxembourg) was that the Eufope, by brave members of his own peoAssembly should qotime itself to protesting ple, and by the Pope. against the executions and should not say His decision to confii the sent&es on anything more for-fear of provoking Franc0 the five m&n now dead‘may have suited-@ intodoing what he actually did. Mr. Kirk’s own domestic policies -but it was also an act niain point was that a threat to “freeze” of defence against most of the world outrelations ketween the EEC and Spain might side. And whether Gener5.l Francolikes it or not, public-opition matters in the world out- :malce matters worse and was not relevant to the Assembly’s immediate aim which was to side. Even if the Chancelleries of Euro+ or save lives. the US administration felt inclined to overIn the event the majority decided that the look the executions-and the bizarre trial which preceded them-their oti peoples threat to &eeze relations/which was included in the Assembly’s resolution-was would not let them. It is not now open, for example, to Presilikely to do more good than harm. A similar division of opinion seems to have affected, dent Ford to conclude the ‘defence agreeand delayed, the protest transmitted from ment which General Franc0 and the PenBrussels. But in neither case was there an tagon want. The most the President can do, inclination to be friends with France. And without running foul of Congress; will be to renew the agreement about bases on a re- now that the deed has been done any proFranc0 sentiments that may have existed du&d scale. The Spanish Government may have been shot to pieces by the firing squads. get the sqe amount of money but Spanish In EEC terms Franc0 may have been a workers will get fewer jobs if the United States closes (as it may) its air b&es at doubtful partner last week; this week he is an Moron, Saragossa, and Torrejon, while reoutcast. Spain’s chances ofjoining NATO are now taining the nuclear submarine base at Rota. mori: remoie than ever. Even before the Thb agreements covering the use of all four bases lapsed last week and have yet to be trials at least four members of the alliance -Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and renewed. Even before the exe&ions relations betBritain-were prepared to veto Spanish ween Spain and the US were strained; membership. Since ‘the executions Spain largely -because one of France’s conditions would be lucky to receive support even from for renewing the leas& on US bases was a the United States-her original sponsor. formal treaty of alliance. When Resident In the matter of Gibraltar the- feeling in F+rd visited Franc0 on May 31, the two men London was @at the Spaniards can whistle gqtnowhere. for it. Britain and Spain are ,obliged by UN Pr,esident Ford, hotfoot from the’ Nato Assembly resolutions to “consult” about Sinnmit in Brussels, had been warned by his Gibraltar in’ the hope of fmding a ‘solution. existing European allies,that there could be The Spanish Foreign Minister, Senor Pedro Cortina, did not attend the Cabinet meeting no question of Spain’s admission to NATO and that a pact between Spain and the US which conf&@ the executions ,’ so he is not would be unwelcome too. It is true that, on directly wcountable. At the same time h& chances of persuading Mr. Callaghan even to his arrival in Madrid, President Ford called consider handing over the Gibraltarians to Spain a “friend and partner” and’said that “by geography and history Spain has a logiSpain and Spanish justice no longer exist.

‘-

nor been asked to pay alimony as he implies. Re: “Liberation: not ‘for women only” Secondly, the one existing court order, Oct. 3rd, 1975. dated Oct. 3rd, 1973, refers directly to child Enclosed you will find a copy of a letter support; and has yet $0 be hondured, with sent to the K-W Record. Since the chevron only confirmed payment for three weeks. carrit%d the same article, I (would appreciate Thirdly, any court action in the last two its appearance in that pawr, with the obviyears has dealt primarily with & petition for ous alteration in the title, etc. I have ,noted that the last line of my quote divorce, which he is contesting on all points. There are two important considerations in was notin your version, but I do not feel that my perit changes thk essential inference made by such a public statement. Obviously, sonal integrity has been undermined among Mr. Gronnerud. I was able to satisfy the reporter involved in reference to facts, and my friends and colleagues, and the veracity the extremeness of what is indeed reality for of my dissent left open to question. Perhaps me, and am prepared to do so to you in less obviotis is the effect on the group Mr. confidence. I do not feel that paragraph war- -Gronnerud speaks for. As an qrganizer of a rants inclusion in any conference reportage. national confei-ence, he has abused his pqsiRe: statements made by Mr. Gronnerud in tion as spokesman to publicize personalcon“Male libbers . . . ’ ? the Record, Sept. 3Oth, flicts ,‘ at the expense of other participants. If this conference is truly a “consciousness1975. In that article he said and I quoteraising exercise” “A lot of fathers are strung out on a basic tenet is honesty , alimony payments,” &. Gronnerud imperative both to himself and others. While I support any sincere aims of this confersaid.*He talks from personal experience, the issues at stake involve many more e&e. Mr, Gronnerud said he is sepathan those in actual attendance. It necessarrated and has been fighting a two and a ily follows that any information Or concluhalf year battle in the courts to gtin sions drawn from this event depend for their custody of his children. Support payimport on integrity. Mr. Gronnerud has ments, he said, “were financially disjeopardized the ‘validity of a worthwhile acastrous.” and I would like it known that the actual situa- tivity with a few careless, irresponsible unnecessary remarks. tion has been misrepresented by Mr. GronPamela Gronnerud nerud-. First, Mr. Gronperud has never paid,

Member: Canadian university press (CUP). The chevron is typeset by members of the workers union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) ang published by the federation of students~incorporated, university of Waterloo. Content is the sate responSibility of the chevron gditorial staff. Offices are located in the campus centre; (519) 885-l 660, + or university local 2331. First thing on the agenda is to announce that john mor\ris, that faithful and well+vom chev.rk is pleased as punch with the new calculator somebody boughthlm. he says he can now do the th&e times table on the wonderful machine. and to ail those whd are &till regurglta&~ some octoberfest merriment Into the nearest receptaclea few comfotilngflgures: last *ear the335#Ml p6ople ’ who attended the festivltles poured 200,000 gallons & beer down their gullets (that’s about half a g$lon’+ch)-they consumed 90,000 pounds df sausage, 35,000 plgtalls, and 210,000 cabbage rolls. And since each sausage is about 6 inches bng k?w octoberfest Incorporated estimate that 39 miles of spiced-up -usage splashed Into the 200,000 gallons of beer; so bear-up in th6 knowledge that you’re probably not alone. like they say In the blue chip circle--“let the people consume and ye shall reap theprofits.” the diligent delvers for news and views to please, inform and stimulate yoos were: rlta who kindly came and ,drew a few f’lllers, and dmjd anjo, mart radomsky, and denis ahdre who crowd Into and manage to w&k In the graphix box, Chris jokes, terri berlinghoff, maurke (moe) moreau, who co”unted aM the sausage& eaten last octoberfbt, ’ leona kyrytow, graham gee, and nina tymoszewicz, stev6 mcmullan, harry strothard, who peered through the little holes In their camera& and judy jansen who-does a lot of work, henry crapo, peter benner, jason miller, mike hazel, dionyx mcmichael and thechevracks (as in hacks) henry hess, john morris, sylv@ hauck, randy hannigah, and ,dlane ritza. rr.d. .-

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Ray Thomas

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