1975-76_v16,n19_Chevron by Editor Imprint

University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario volume 16, number 19 friday, October 24, 1975

Inside The Waterloo Farmers Market is a lively place to buy fresh farm produce. The market, at the north extension of ?ber Street beyond lakeshore viliage, is bpen on Saiurdays from 7.40 am to about 2 pm. Apple butter, fresh picked fruit and vegetables, home cooking and much more that is good for you are sold with photo by neil docherty lfts and assorted items at the Market on Saturday mornings.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p.3 Wages for housework Rape law proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .p.5 evils of university education . . . .pp. I#- I5 Starvation in Cambodia . . . . . . . . . . . .p.26

conditions

class Crowded conditions on campus ty force UW to hold classes on turdays and rent space in the :al community, university presint Burt Matthews said WednesY* This rental space will be for lec-es and research facilities, and 11also solve the accommodation oblem of the Faculty of Human netics and Leisure Studies, atthews said. Another possibility is to hedule classes on Saturday but

government

Matthews said he’s not “actively pursuing it yet. ” Nevertheless, the holding of classes on weekends “remains in the realm of possibilities since there aren’t any others,” he ,added. However, for this year the space limitation question “eased” itself as the registrar’s office (which is responsible for scheduling classes) has managed to find locations for all lectures, Matthews said. “Whether this situation will continue next year we just don’t

know,” Matthews said. Enrolment is expected to increase 3.5 per cent next year. Matthews also said there’s little “likelihood of the government giving any funds for capital expansion.” Even if more funds were provided, the space limitation problem could not be solved in the short term. He said the closing of the Center for Continuing Management Education this year provided one more classroom for university use.

The holding of classes on Saturday arose at Monday’s UW senate meeting when the possibility was suggested in response to a professor’s complaint about crowded conditions encouraging students to cheat on exams. Chemistry professor Don Irish told senate that students have complained of being unfairly appraised during mid-term exams because of cheating by some. There are two kinds of cheating-the cold blooded kind

saw

rio. universities n The ministry of colleges and unirsities criticized Monday a study rich says Ontario universities are derfunded and have been “unstly” treated by the province er the last four years. The study,’ conducted by the luncil of Ontario Universities OU), showed that the province s consistently funded univeries, on a per student basis, below 2 national average and “at a submtially lower rate than British aumbia and Alberta.” Ontario was sixth in Canada for e three years examined and the ldy says that preliminary data for 74-75, the university year just mpleted) indic’ate a deteriorating sition for Ontario, “falling even rther behind the national erage . . .” Assistant deputy minister, Ben ilson told the chevron that while e. figures showing Ontario as ing sixth in Canada are “numerilly quite correct ,” the study done r COU researcher, professor Anany @annelli, is unfair because it lesn’t consider the equalization yments made by Ontario to other evinces, nor Ontario’s student an policy. Ontario’s per student spending r 197 l-74, the years covered by

the study, was sixth, behind British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Quebec. What the study may have overlooked is that Ontario pays equalization payments, especially to the Maritime provinces, and this money may go for their university support, Wilson said. Wilson also criticized the study because it emphasizes dollars spent and doesn’t sufficiently consider the number of students going through the system. While Ontario has 35 per cent of Canada’s population, it educates 44.6 per cent of the undergraduate and graduate students at its universi ties. British Columbia, with the highstudent operating est per grants-$3,382 for each student compared to Ontario’s $2,773 for f973-74-has 10.5 per cent of Canada’s population but educates only 8.3 per cent of Canadian students at its universities. Another point not touched by the study is the grants Ontario is pouring into student loans after an $800 loan, while other provinces don’t put in grant money until after the federal government’s $1,800 loan, Wilson said. “It’s an interesting piece of

underfunded

numbers (the COU study) that doesn’t tell the whole story,” he said. Wilson added that though the numbers are correct, the interpretation given may not be right. “ The numbers put this way come as no surprise to us.” The study says the province has been deceiving the public when it asks universities to curtail spending under the premise that they are being overfunded, since in reality Ontario universities have a much lower per student grant than other provincial universities. “The results of this study do not substantiate the contention that Ontario universities have been relatively over-funded. The opposite is the case when looking at per student contributions, especially when one recognizes that Ontario universities educate a disproportionally large share of graduate students .” Ontario spent $340,997 million on university operating revenue in 1971-72, $372,032 million in 1972-73 and $444,538 million in 1973-74. Though this was almost double what any other university system in the nine provinces had spent, on a per student basis, it ranked sixth in each year.

In order to match the national average during the 1971-74 period, Ontario would have had to contribute an additional $93 million the study suggests . UW finance vice-president, Bruce Gellatly said Monday that the study accomplishes what “we’ve been trying to get across for some time, that funding has declined for the university system.” The study also shows that there has been a “significant decrease in priorities” on the part of the province with regard to postsecondary education since the late 1960s) Gellatly said. “The public has been led to believe, rightly or wrongly, that the universities now have to cut their budgets ,’ ’ when in reality they have been “steadily squeezed for the last five years,” he said. UW, for instance, has endured a significant drop in provincial support over the past few years, while student enrolment has gone up by 18 per cent during the same time span, Gellatly said. Since the hiring of new professors has been kept down to a tight 2.6 per cent for the past five years, the class sizes have increased considerably. -john

morris

and the circumstantial, the latter caused by space limitations, Irish said. These problems are overlooked because the ministry of colleges and universities produces statistics saying that a professor teaches an average 13.7 students per class, he said. Irish said he has two classes of 120 students-a ratio of 240 to one as far as he cares. He was advised by Matthews that he should attempt to book the Village II dining hall for tests, but was warned that he would have to book well in advance to be guaranteed a date. Irish said that booking the Village II exam room for a test would limit the time from the normal 50 minutes to 30 minutes because of the time required to walk there. It was student senator Andy Telegdi who suggested that Saturday classes would be the only solution to solve the space limitation problem. Telegdi asked senate to strike a committee to look into the feasability of such a proposal. Telegdi’s idea was taken up by Matthews who said “we’ve just gone to the limit on the ordinary day-8:30 a.m. to lo:30 p.m. We don’t have any options except Saturday classes .” Matthews said Queen’s University, in Kingston, holds Saturday classes for full-time students. But Federation of Students president John Shortall objected to the idea saying that it should be a “last ditch” option. He said some students might be inconvenienced due to religious reasons. Matthews said Saturday classes at universities are not a new thing-“ not long ago” he endured them. “It’s not so long ago there wasn’t a minimum wage, but that doesn’t mean we should go back,” Shortall rep1 ied,

friday,

the chevron

Friday

mission 7:3Opm. Physics 145. Sponsored by the Progressive Cultural Cl&. Federation Ricks-Fantastic Planet an animation. 8pm AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50. A “Love for Life” coffee house will be held in the Notre Dame Lounge. Good pro-lific entertainment guaranteed. Admission will be a silver donation towards U of W Pro-Life Group, or just your own valuable presence. 8pm.

Conrad Grebel College 450th Anniversary Display. UW Art Gallery. Hours: Monday-Friday 9am-4pm. Sunday 2-5pm till October 31st.

THE OLD

WAY IS STILL THE BEST

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GEMOLOGIST NOW ON STAFF! 30 KING W. KITCHENER

Cabbagetown Plays by David Pipe. 2 one-act plays, Diamond Cutters, The Snowbirds. Free admission. 11:30am Theatre of the Arts. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. Shirley Eikhard Band from 9-lam. 74 cents after 6pm. Federation Flicks-Fantastic Planet an animation. 8pm. AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50. Gurdjieff 1975. An opportunity to hear how the ideas, psychology, cosmology, spiritual teachings and practical methods of G.I. Gurdjieff are being applied today by people who are concerned with their own development and yours. 8pm. Environmental Studies Building. Faculty Lounge.

Crafts Fair. Leather, pottery, jewellery, silver etc. Sponsored by the Campus Centre Board. loam-4pm Campus Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. The Garfield Band from 9-l am. $1 after 6pm. Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 7-1 Opm.

Federation Flicks-Fantastic Planet an animation. 8pm AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds $1.50. Waterloo Jewish students organization. Hillel party. 8:30pm 508A Albert Street (next door to Parkdale Plaza) For information call Larry 884-3316.

Sunday Rockwood Day Hike. Bring your own lunch. Sign up outside Env. St. 356. Meet outside campus centre at 9am. Everyone welcome. Rehearsals for the U of W Little Symphony Orchestra. String players needed. For further information contact Atfred Kunz at ext. 2439. A Film: The Other Side of the Ledger: The Indian’s View of Hudson’s Bay Company James Bay a slide montage on the Hydroelectric Project. Free Ad-

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Crafts Fair. Leather, pottery, jewel silver, etc. Sponsored by the Can Centre Board. loam-4pm. Car-r Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens I2 nl The Garfield Band from 9-l am. $1 i 6pm. University Chapel. Sponsored by UW chaplains. 12:30pm. SCH 218 Going to Grad School in 763 At@ session about when and how to ay the financial assistance available (This applies to all grad schools, not U of W) Sign-up in Career Planning Placement, NH. 3:30pm. Concert Band. AL 6 5:30-7:30 Further info Alfred Kunz ext. 2439. Para-legal assistance offers r professional legal advice. ( 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Ho 7-l Opm.

Crafts Fair. Leather, pottery, jewellery, silver etc. Sponsored by Campus Centre Board. 1Oam-4pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Campus Centre Pub opens 12 noon. ‘Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 1-4:30pm.

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Wednesday

Nutrition Lecture Series. “Nutrition in the Supermarket” with Nutrition Improvement Project. 7:30-l Opm. Waterloo Adult Recreation Centre, 185 King Street South, Waterloo. Grand Valley Car Club welcomes you to our next meeting. Waterloo County Fish & Game Protective Association, Pioneer Tower Road off Hwy 8 between Kitchener and Hwy 401 8pm. “Evening with Greek Music”. Greek Students Association. 8pm Campus Centre 1IO.

Campus Centre Pub opens 7pm. Shirley Eikhard Band from 9-l am. 74 cents admission.

24, 1

Do you want to be caterpillar or dc want to be a butterfly. The ontology dedicate this talk to those who there is “more” in life. 4:30pm Car Centre 113. Outer’s Club general meeting ant night. All welcome. AL 206 7pm. Rehearsals for the UW Concert C for Symphony No. g--Choral Beethoven., A Song for Joy. AL 7-9pm. For further info contact A Kunz ext. 2439. U of W Ski Club General Meei Cash Bar; Demonstration of equipr by OW sports; Films; Informatior weekend and day trips, cross COI and downhill; memberships sold. La Ronde by Arthur Schnitzler. rected by Tom Bentley-Fisher, sented by the Drama Division. t Theatre of the Arts. Admission $2 dents and Senior Citizens $1.25.

Monday

Saturday

October

Chess Club Meeting. Everyone \ come. 7:30pm. Campus Centre I 135. continued on pg.

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friday,

October

24, 1975

sevvor Housewives have fundamentally )een blackmailed into believing :hey should not make demands for wages. This blackmail has psychologi;ally hindered women from fighting for more control, recognition and 3etter pay, both in the home and society at large. If women want to obtain real 3ower in society they must stop ‘eeling guilty about asking for wages for social service work. This was the main line of argunent used by Suzie Fleming of the Power of Women Collective, Engand, and Frances Gregory of the Wages for Housework Committee, Toronto, at a meeting to promote wages for housework, held Wedlesday at UW. Women’s powerlessness is due :eally because men have a wage and women do not, Fleming said. “We are used to working for nothing at home” and will therefore accept a lower wage outside the home, Fleming said. This is often because women’s iobs constitutejust another form of socialized housework such as nursing, teaching and waitressing, Fleming added. They are all jobs that render a social service and should consequently not be highly paid, according to society’s norms. “A whole personality of submissiveness has been taught to the woman” and her own needs have counted last, Fleming said. “‘We’ve been trained to do the work for love, not for pay.” Because housework is the woman’s major terrain of work it is our main struggle, Fleming said. The wages for housework campaign must be international. “It extends beyond all boundaries .” Our power is undermined by bringing in women from other countries to do our work, Gregory added. Therefore, women must demand wages internationally. All women are in the same situation. Both speakers advocated holding common days of action such as rallies for all women in different countries. The wages for housework should come from the state, Fleming said, “because it is the representative of the corporate power as a whole and is ultimately getting the benefit horn the work.”

Montreal

The question of how the wages should be paid was left unanswered. The campaign must first develop and get an idea of its strength before it can set prices, Fleming explained. Not everyone accepted the idea of wages for housework in the question period that followed. Some felt that wages would simply keep the woman in the home. To Fleming, however, the idea of giving the woman a wage for her work at home first shows that she is doing work, and is not just being taken for granted. This will later enable the woman to move away from the feeling of isolation and being trapped at home. Wages would also give women a social life within the community, helping them to build a mass campaign and movement. Others felt that housewives are already paid in terms of food and clothing. But so were the slaves, Fleming replied. “The wage gives the housewoman a type of control and power which she was taught not to have.” Preference was given to women speakers throughout the question period. Although this was first quietly accepted, it later aroused open discontent among the several males present, especially when it became evident that women’s questions would dominate the entire evening. One male, disregarding the rules of keeping quiet, asked why the speakers wouldn’t allow men to talk when housework also includes men. Though Fleming tried to ignore him, she fmally responded by saying that it was true that men do housework, but socially it is ‘the women who are identified with the role of housework and must therefore be recognized. Members of the Anti-Imperialist Alliance (AIA) were also present and asked if they could give a statement. However, Fleming and Gregory argued that they did not set up the meeting to listen to statements made by different groups. Instead they wanted to hear specific questions from the female audience. The AIA voiced strong opposition on being impeded from giving

its point of view. But the speakers were unyielding. “We are not here for democsaid Fleming. “We’re here racy,” for wages for women”. It was finally put to a vote whether the AIA should be allowed to give a statement. The vote passed, but the member from the AIA did not complete her statement due to the antagonistic reaction from a large segment of the audience. Her question of the alienation of men and women that would develop in a bourgeois society such as ours if wages were given for housework was left unanswered. As a result the session ended in an atmosphere of discontent. When the speakers prepared to leave, members of the AIA tried to take over and stimulate a discussion, but did not succeed. Instead, the crowd dispersed into small, individual groups and directed their questions personally to the speakers. Women are planning to organize a Wages for Housework Collective here in Kitchener. Anyone who is interested can contact Mary Holmes, at 742-6968. A book on wages and housework, entitled All Work and No Pay, edited by Suzie Fleming and Wendy Edmond is now available for $1.95. It can be obtained from Toronto Wages for Housework Committee, P.O. Box 38, Station E., Toronto. -izabella

Senate

grigoaoff

boycott

MONTREAL (CUP)-Sociology and its level of practical engagestudents at the Universite de ment in politics and in sociological Montreal are boycotting classes spheres,” according to a statement and since Sept. 22 have been conby the group. ducting their own seminars and re- ‘ The students proposed research search projects. themes along the lines of the workThe 70 students of a department ing class movements, community of 200 are proceeding with the imorganizations, youth groups and family relations. The program inplementation of an alternative curriculum, in spite of its rejection by cluded guest debaters from opposing camps in current issues such as the Sociology department last strikes or the government’s spring. The proposed alternative cureconomic policies. riculum involves replacing the After rejecting the curriculum, standard lecture class with group the sociology professors presented research projects that involve “a a counter-proposal whit h provided more active role for students, a colfor a more coherent concentration lectivist approach to learning, and with the existing structure of the far more contact with the struggles Sociology department by way of and contradictions of the outside combining certain courses. world . ’ ’ This was rejected by the students A special study session held last because “it ignored the root quesMarch decided to provide two tions raised by the new program in weeks without classes at the beginfavor of technical and administraning of each semester in order to tive juggling.” conduct evaluation of the sociology The students saw no reason to curriculum at the university. attempt a “counter-counter” The evaluation, recently conproposal and have proceeded with ducted, set out to gain information their own program as planned, efand perspectives on “the teaching fectively cancelling the normal level of the Sociology department courses.

Speaking on wage demands for housework Wednesday night were from left to right, Frances Gregory, Wages for Housework Committee, Toronto, Suzie Fleming, Power of Women Collective, England and Mary Holmes,

chaiNoman.

report suggests

Give students More grants and less loans are what first and second year students need to attend university, especially if they come from low income families, the UW senate decided Monday. In a student aid committee report, senators were told that in order to encourage students from low income families to enter university, a procedure has to be set up whereby more grants will be handed out to these students in their fllrst and second years. However, once these students reach their third year then the grant

University

Students

the chevron

classes The non-participating 130 students are mostly first year students who, according to a spokesperson, are the only ones attending classes because they haven’t familiarized themselves with the department. If the department threatens to annul all credit for the semester, the students have agreed to stage a general strike. There has been no comment from the Sociology department.

more grants

portion of the assistance will decrease and the loan portion will increase, the report says. “At a certain point, the student becomes ineligible for any bursary (grant) assistance but may be eligible for a interest-free loan or a interest-bearing loan.” The committee report will be sent to a provincial government body which is currently reviewing post-secondary education student financial assistance. Committee chairman Paul Beam informed senators that such a proposal for revamping the present student financial assistance programs will make “more money easily available to first and second year students. ” This scheme, if implemented by the province, would represent a re-allocation of funds rather than a demand for additional money, Beam said. Beam said students are often discouraged from attending university because of the amount they have to repay. If students are encouraged in the first two years, they might realize the financial rewards of a university education, he said.

Beg your pardon In the article “Students to judge profs, courses” (Oct. 17) there is a misleading error. The Mathematics Faculty does not publish a book with a summary of evaluations. It is the Math Society which publishes a book of student evaluations called AntiCal every year. The Faculty has cooperated with us in producing this book. The AntiCal is a product of the Math Society. We collect the information from the classes. We compile and edit it. We have it printed and then we distribute it to all members of the Math Society who wish acopy (as well as giving copies to faculty members). It is normally compiled during the summer so the results will be available in September. This ye-&- AntiCal is late because no work was done in thesummer. It will be early November before we will be able to distribute this year’s edition.

In the last two years of a fouryear program, a student should be required to pay back more of the money allotted by government, Beam argued. But student senator Rick Irving objected saying the proposal was based on a “false promise”. The promise of a future economic benefit to university education is no longer true, he explained. “Students should be supported all the way through their university years ,” Irving contended. However, senator Ken Davis, a history professor, said the proposal will give students from low income families a “break” as the scheme strikes at the redistribution of the present student aid programs. “Our scheme does not imply a larger amount per capita of provincial government expenditure; rather, it means a different distribution of the current loan/bursary mix, one which provides maximum bursary assistance in the first years of post-secondary school to those in most need, and minimum bursar-y assistance to those with least need. “At every income level, the portion of bursary assistance decreases as the student. progresses through the post-secondary system; therefore, the progression is from bursary to interest-free loan to interest-bearing loan,” the report states. Asked Tuesday about the proposal, Federation of Students president John Shortall said he didn’t like it because it was “creating false illusions” regarding accessibility to higher education. Shortall argued that the proposal won’t guarantee universal accessibility because the amount of aid granted per student isn’t enough to attract non-students to postsecondary education. -john

‘.

morris

friday,

the chevron

ARKET

October

24, 19:

Once upon a time, in the summer of 1914, a tiny street was formed in the town of Berlin. And it was called Moyer Place. Over the years, as Berlin grew larger and changed its name, Moyer Place slowly started to disappear into the hustle and bustle of big city business. Until 1975 . . . when it was rebuilt and called Market Village.

Classified

VILLAGE

deadline is noon Tuesdays

Found One Barry Shantz wrist watch in PAC. Contact Adrian Jacobs 744-4707.

Lost Bulova watch, at or near Seagrams Stadium. Engraved S.L.G., Graduation 1966. Sentimental value. Contact 744-3203 or chevron office 2331.

STORE DIRECTORY: THE DOLL’S HOUSE, SYNTHESIS II, TRADEWINDS, THE LOBSTICK, PLANTED POTTS.

Personal Lonely? Gerbels make great friends! Gerbels looking for happy homes. Males and females available. Free. Call 8852419. Pregnant & Distressed? The Birth Control Centre is an information and referral centre for birth control, V.D., unplanned pregnancy and sexuality. For all the alternatives phone 885-1211 ext. 3446 (Rm. 206, Campus Centre) or for emergency numbers 884-8770.

II, TRAPPINGS CUT’N PLACE,

Pregnant? What am I going to do? Call BIRTHRIGHT for confidential help. 579-3990. Free pregnancy tests. Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre, Rm. 217C. Open Monday-Thursday 7-l Opm some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 8851211 ext. 2372. Part-time job available. Turnkey jobs available. Any registered student of the U of W may apply. General meeting that “all” applicants “must” attend will be held January 6 at 6pm, Campus Centre, Room 113. For further information write to S. Phillips, Campus Centre Board, U of w.

For Sale Cibie headlight conversions, Koni shocks, Stebro exhaust systems, most accessories at discount prices. George after 6pm. 744-5598.

Wanted Men’s 1O-speed bicycle, reasonable condition. Phone 744-3297 after 5pm.

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Typing at home: 743-3342; Westmou area; theses, essays; reasonable rate excellent service; no math papers. Will type essays or thesis, 60 cents p page, Mrs. Norma Kirby, Phor 742-9357. Experienced typist for essays, ter papers etc. 50 cents a page includl paper. Call 8846705 anytime. Will do student typing, reasonable rate Lakeshore village. Call 885-l 863. I will do typing of essays and thesis my home. Please call Mrs. McKee 578-2243.

Housing

Available

We have room for one more in 01 house. Good location-20 min. wa from campus. 444 Blythwood PIact Call 884-9463 ask for Adam. Half a double room for female. Renisc College. $720 per term. Contact Marg 884-8669 or 884-9164. Available immediately-Room for ma student in towne house. Full use 1 home and all facilities. Near unive sities. Call Mrs. Wright, 885-1664.

Housing

Wanted

Townhouse for four girls needed fc term, Jan-April. Preferably in Lakeshol area. Phone 884-7412 or see Lynne M 6007A. Two bedroom living accommodatior for Jan-April term. Will accept any cone tions. Call 884-9463 ask for King. Accommodation for 4 people in the uf coming winter term (Jan - May 76) W sublet or take over lease. Phone (41( 634-2816 after 7:30pm or write Michat Rose, 504 Indian Road, Burlington, 01 tario.

Babysitting Reliable married woman would like i babysit in your home in Kitchene Waterloo, days. Call 884-2258.

iday,

October

24, 1975

the chevron

ntre see A proposal which recommends iat substantial changes be made in ie sections of the Criminal Code ealing with rape’and other sexual ffenses was sent this week to all rovincial justice departments and ) federal justice minister Ron Bas)rd for study. The brief was prepared by the Jational Organization of Rape Xsis Centres and is endorsed by he Waterloo regional Rape Disress Centre, said a co-ordinator of hat centre. In an interview, Trish Wells outined the recommendations propused by the organization, which epresents 22 rape crisis centres ac-

ross Canada. She first explained why changes in the rape laws are necessary. “Rape was first set down as a crime separate from assault in biblical times,” she said. “At that time women were considered to be the property of men and a woman’s value quite literally decreased if she was raped before becoming betrothed-her family could not then ask as high a price for her at marriage, since she would not be a virgin.” So the punishment that time would either money settlement to family, or marriage of

for be the the

rape at death, a victim’s rapist to

the victim-with no divorce allowed. In Canada’s Criminal Code, noted Wells, subsequent marriage of a rapist to his victim is still seen as cause for the charge of rape to be dropped. (She added that this historical attitude toward rape may also explain why many people today still feel that if a woman was not a virgin at the time she was raped, there has been “no harm done” .) In such ways, our present rape laws reflect an out-of-date view of women as private property, she said, and as such do not treat rape in the terms in which most women perceive it-as a form of assault

Who’s selling fresh/y picked apples and what for? Disguised as a rather innocuous street urchin is one of Canada’s omegrown boy scouts. He’s selling apples to happily indifferent Oktoberfestees in order to raise money for a worthy II important cause. _ photo by jim carter

rnatives aired on radio ,

The fundamental difference beNeen commercial and community adio is very simple. Commercial adio exists to make profit. Comnunity radio exists to serve the :ommunity . Once this difference is undertood the limitations of commercial sadio become obvious. Those who work in commercial adio are responsible, not to the leopIe who listen to them, but to heir advertizers and those who )wn the station. Those who work n community radio are people ram the community. Commercial radio is reduced to trict programming with a specific ormat. Community radio can prolute a wide range of programming vith definite views of relevance for he community. The contrast between these two brms of media is especially pertirent when we consider the system >f capitalism within which they op:rate. Media is the means by which we receive and are taught the “facts” and ways of interpreting :hem. An important question to ask ;hen is: “Who owns the media?” Wallace Clement points out in How Bad is Bad? (A Message for Your Liberal Brother in Law) that

the immense corporations such as Power and Argus which control an ever-increasing proportion of the Canadian economy also own and gre concentrating ownership of the Canadian media. Clement says : “The Senate Report on the mass media found Canada’s media to be highly concentrated but since it filed its report new mergers have occurred. Telemedia Quebec, one of the 15 largest media complexes identified in the Senate report, was acquired by Montreal Trust, itself a subsidiary of Power Corporation, adding to Power’s already important holdings in

Quebec newspapers. Standard Broadcasting, itself a subsidiary of Argus Corporation, with the best wishes of the C.R.T.C., took over Bushnell Communications, another of the 15 largest. Thus, since the Senate report, in addition to a multitude of smaller newspapers being brought out by the large chains, four of the fifteen largest complexes have now been reduced to two.. ..” In view of this, community radio begins to appear as a valuable alternative to the established media, for the purpose of exposing a different point of view. In Kitchener-Waterloo there are two community radio stations, CKWR (98.7 FM) and Radio Waterloo (94.1 cable FM). According to Henry Crapo, a representative from CKWR, the station exists to organize a creative voice, as well as expression of opinion of K-W citizens on matters of social, political and cultural concern. In order to do this the station has made considerable effort to contact local groups, workers organizations , the unemployed, welfare recipients, national minorities and students. Students are the main concern of Radio Waterloo, although the station also welcomes community groups. Both these stations attempt to present a perspective which relates directly to their audience. Crapo feels that the news, for instance, from the corporation and government’s point of view is readily available through commercial radio, and that it is important to give news and news analysis from a working class perspective. Radio Waterloo has broadcast programs on community services, carried symposiums and speeches held on campus (such as the nonviolence symposium held last year

by Conrad Grebel College). It has also designed series with such themes as the native peoples struggles for land rights in Canada. Presently, both stations have over one hundred people contributing to programming. Both find, however, that they are not satisfied with the amount of verbal, as opposed to music content, on the station. Radio Waterloo is striving to have about 25 percent of its air time devoted to verbal programming content. CK WR finds that only 12 percent of its contributers display any ‘serious concern with local, social or political issues’. Crap0 feels that it is “only insofar as the station (CKWR) promotes and develops such programming,” that it fulffils its purpose as a community radio station. CKWR presently has programming on Chinese Society today, social political issues in Canada, both historical and contemporary and interviews with guests on a variety of subjects three nights a week. There are also weekly programs produced by a large number of national minority groups. Radio Waterloo plans to air the Phillip Agee talk, which was given on campus last week, the conference on business, culture and politics being held now, and a conference on Canada and the Third World which was held last summer, along with its normal programming. Both stations feel that they have valuable musical programming which helps expose local talent. Radio Waterloo encourages people to go to the station and perform. Community radio is open to all of those in the community who wish to participate. Those who want to do programming may apply at the respective stations. -Christopher

jones

which creates a potentiahy lifethreatening situation. “Rape violates the most basic principle of social life, namely, the freedom from unprovoked attacks on one’s physical person,” Wells said, reading from the preamble to the recommended law changes. In order to reflect this attitude and the assumption that women are fully “persons” within the law, the organization proposes that sections in the Criminal Code which deal specifically with rape and attempted rape be deleted. These acts come “well within the definition of ‘assault’ presently existing,” the brief reads. However, the brief suggests that new definitions be added so that the attacker or complainant can be either male or female, and “sexual organs” be specifically included as part of the “person”. Sexual organs would be defined as anus, breasts, vagina, penis or testicles. The National Organization also proposes creating new sections of the Criminal Code. The new offenses-‘ ‘ Criminal Assault” and “Aggravated Assault”-would both apply to males and females and would allow for charges being brought by a wife against her husband, something not allowed in present rape laws. “Criminal Assault” would be the less serious offense, defined as assault on the sexual organs of a person by the sexual organs of the offender or by any object, without infliction of bodily harm. Maximum penalty recommended is five years’ imprisonment. Aggravated Assault would be , “the most serious form of assault”’ Wells said, and would be defined as criminal assault causing bodily harm, punishable by up to 12 years’ imprisonment. A consideration as to sentencing “should include the severity of the bodily harm actually inflicted,” the brief proposes. In both this offense and Criminal Assault, other considerations suggested are: the nature of the threat, the nature of the weapon, and the age disparity between the victim and the offender. Many of the Criminal Code sections which at present deal with sexual offenses would be dropped if the proposals are accepted. These offenses are: sexual intercourse with a female between the ages of 14 and 16 years, seduction of a female between 16 and 18 years of age, indecent assault on a female, indecent assault on a male, seduction of female passengers on vessels, seduction of female employees, gross indecency and buggery. These would all be adequately covered by the revised

“assault” section and the new sections of Criminal Assault and Aggravated Assault, said Wells. The brief proposes that the Incest section be expanded to extend protection to all persons who are in “the complete dependencyauthority relationship which exists in a family,” including fosterchildren, stepchildren and wards as well as blood relatives. The brief proposes that the section covering sexual intercourse with the feeble-minded be amended ‘ ‘to protect feeble-minded men and women from being exploited by either sex, yet still allow them to have sexual intercourse if they so desire. ’ ’ The brief also suggests that bestiality be made “a separate offense dealt with under a section pertaining to the prevention of cruelty to animals. ’ ’ As well as recommending changes in the Criminal Code, the national organization’s proposals suggest modifications in the trial procedure for sexual offenses . “No evidence of the complainant’s past sexual history should be admissable” as evidence, it states. The proposal says that ‘?ecommendations respecting closed rape trials and change of venue only perpetuate the attitude that rape is a shameful and embarrassing crime. We recommend that it be up to the victim to request a closed court if she feels the necessity.” Also proposed is that both victim and accused be protected from public knowledge of their names or any other personal information about them. And finally, a victim should be informed of her right to have her own lawyer if she so chooses. Wells noted that in Oct. 18’s Weekend magazine, KitchenerWaterloo was shown to have the fourth highest rate of rape of 22 cities across Canada. Toronto has the 12th highest and Montreal has the 14th highest. The Waterloo Regional RapeDistress Centre will be holding a fund-raising marathon on two local radio stations the last weekend this month. On Oct. 24, 25 or 26, tune in to CKWR-98.7 FM on your dial-or Radio Waterloo-94.1 FM Cable-and find out the facts about a current social problem--crimes against women in our community. Telephone lines will be open from 6 o’clock on the Friday night until 6 o’clock Sunday for yof:r questions and comments on %e subject of rape, and various studio guests will give you their views, as professionals working with rapists and victims, or just as concerned men and women in the community.

Rapists hit UBC women VANCOUVER (CUP)-UBC vice-president Eric Vogt said Oct. 8 he will take no action on a petition demanding the administration make the campus safer for women at night. The petition, signed by 80 women, most of whom reside in Totem Park residence, says: “We urge, nay demand, that vice-president Vogt take immediate action to alleviate this serious problem (the danger of sexual attacks on women).” Vogt said he will not take any action until he hears more specific complaints. He said no one has told him which sections of the campus are dangerous and where more lighting or campus patrols are needed. Judy Yawney, nursing 2, said she circulated the petition in response to an article in the student newspaper revealing that six women have been sexually assaulted on campus since classes began. She specified in an interview the campus areas she considers dangerous. Yawney said the lighting around Totem is “rotten” and most women are afraid to walk around the area after dark. Routes to parking lots and from libraries to residences are also dim and unsafe, she said. “Going outside at night on this campus is dangerous, so for most people who have night classes or have to work at night, it is almost impossible to keep from walking around after dark.” Vogt said: “If you ask the RCMP or health services, they don’t perceive there are a great number of attacks of violence.” He said there are probably places on campus that could be better lighted to reduce danger to women but he does not know where they are. “I don’t know of any specific places I find dark at night but then I don’t have the normal female perception of what is dark.”

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t daycare A small group of faculty members and students at the university have started to organize an infant daycare centre on campus. Psychology professor Hildy Ross is one of about ten parents trying to organize the centre. She said they plan to keep it small, ac-

comodating ten or fewer children between birth and two years of age. At present there is only one other daycare centre in KitchenerWaterloo, located at Conestoga College, that accepts children in this age group, says Ross. The Conestoga College centre has a

centre long waiting list and so the group feel a centre at the university should fill a .‘ ‘pressing community need.” The centre staff will be three teachers who have had training in infant development and early childhood education and who have

Education opportunities for native peoples inadequate .

October

OTTAWA (CUP)-Present higher education opportunities for both native and non-native residents of the Canadian North are inadequate according to a report released last week by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC). However, while programs in Canadian universities do not always address themselves to the real needs of northern students, they are not the major source of dissatisfaction. The real problem is the cultural and psychological dissonance northern students experience in urban centres and large institutions . Although some technical training is available locally, most northern students must travel to urban centers in the south. Students complain of the impersonal atmosphere, inadequate financial assistance, lack of proper preparation in northern schools to meet university requirements and the resulting fear of failure, homesickness, and the lack 01 emp-

loyment opportunities following graduation. They miss close interpersonal relationships and the opportunity to be accepted for themselves by professors and other students, to think differently, creatively and culturally and to feel valued for this ability. The study also found a strong negative reaction to research activities in the North. Northerners cited the approach of fieldworkers, the unavailability of reports and the lack of follow-ups to the research as evidence that these activities are intended primarily for the benefit of the South rather than the North. Special programs and projects initiated by universities to involve northern people in higher education have achieved some success but due to lack of understanding and communication have had little impact on the total situation. Not all northerners believe the solution to the problem is the development of higher educational opportunities in the North. If changes in the present system

could eliminate the sources of dissatisfaction, northerners would likely support a system of postsecondary programs for northerners in both the North and the South. Those who do favor developing opportunities in the North insist that the programs must be of excellent quality, that Northern certifi.cates must be recognized as equal to those in the North or elsewhere, and that jobs must be available for graduates. They also believe that the southern model of the university is not workable in the North; while some qualities of a centralized structure are desirable, the issue of students being close to home remains a prime concern of many northern people. The report, entitled ‘ ‘Northern People and Higher Education: Realities and Possibilities”, was commissioned by the AUCC to investigate the ways in which higher education affects the people of Northern Canada, and to assess the role of Canadian universities in northern education and research.

organize

had experience with infants in group settings. Parents will also be full participants in designing and carrying out the programme. The organizers hope to take full advantage of recent innovations in the field of infant group care, said Ross, and to provide an environment that maximizes the infants’ opportunities for learning and that provides a safe and happy place for infants to grow and develop. The organizers of the centre are aware that many people fear that group care is bad for infants. However, evidence is beginning to accumulate from research comparing daycare and totally home reared infants which has found no harmful effects of daycare, said Ross. Researchers in Canada and the United States (e.g. Doyle at Concordia University in Montreal and Fowler at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education) have concentrated both on intellectual functions and social behaviour. “Infants have benefited intellectually from well planned daycare experience and daycare infants are as attached to their own parents and as friendly toward age mates as entirely home reared babies,” the professor said. Many experts feel that opportunities for peer interaction and for forming relationships with a number of different individuals may be valuable experiences for infants, she added. The UW centre will be cooperative, both in the sense of full parent co-operation in planning and operating the centre, and in terms of daily participation in the centre itself. One or both parents from each family will spend about an hour each day at the centre, caring

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for and playing with his or her ou child. Parents could choose an time to come (a breast feedir mother could come, on a call fro] the staff, when her baby is ready fc a feed); the only restriction woul be that it be a period when his or hf own child was generally awake fc an extended period of time, sai Ross. This parental involvement, th organizers feel, would insure th: each infant received a substanti; amount of extra individual atter tion and that the attention come from his/her own parent. The pal ent, at that time, would be free ( the usual household duties and dc mands of other children, and coul devote full attention to the infan The child would spend a relative1 large amount of waking time at th centre interacting with his/her ow parent, possibly close to the tim normally spent at home. The organizers hope that thi particular type of co-operative ia fant care, located within easy ac cess to the parents’ place of emy loyment, will be a model for othe infant centres. Ross said the centre will be a\ ailable to all members of the un versity community, and to other whose employment location CI schedule would allow them to tak advantage of the co-operative aI pects of the centre. The new centre will exist alon with two other centres for pre school children currently functior ing within the psychology building these are: (1) an early childhoo education centre, for children i the three-to-five age bracket, ant (2) a “centre for creative infant de velopment’ ’ which offers short term training for mothers of infant six-to-nine months old. Persons interested in the nev centre are invited to telephonl Betsy Zanna, 884-0270 (after 5131 p.m.) for further details.

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dents “inappropriate” OTTAWA (CUP)-The request by the National Union of Students (NUS) for student representation on the Canada Student Loans Plenary Group is ‘ ‘an inappropriate suggestion”, according to the chairperson of that group. David Levin, the chairperson of the CSLPG andthe director of the federal finance department’s Federal-Provincial Relations Divi-

sion, said in a Sept. 30 interview that the NUS request will be considered at the October meeting of the Group, but stated that he’s opposed to including students in the

to decision-making

provincial governments, meets annually in closed session, and releases no information about its disenssions or activities. “Here are a bunch of administrators-civil servants -getting together trying to scratch their heads on how to improve the (student loan) program working within the constraints they have to, and I don’t think it would help the

work we do to have students-or any other group of people involved in our work. At that stage we’re in a different world ,’ ’ Levin explained. He described the role of the Plenary as being “to arrive at nationgroupThe Plenary Group sets the rules ally acceptable standard practices governing who will get student with respect to the administration loans and how much they will get. of student loans” but conceded It presently consists only ofstudent that “administration” included aid officers from the federal and “substantive policy matters” determiningthe nature of the program. While noting that the “bulk of the decision-making” about stu\ dent loan policy involves the PleCUPE national president Stan tor Sim said university adminisnary Group, Levin said he sees no Little has already described the trators may welcome the 10 percent role there for student representagovernment’s economic program maximum wage increase allowed tives . ‘ ‘ Student organizations alas a Halloween stunt, with workers under the program, given their preways have the opportunity to make getting the “trick” and employers sent financial problems and the fact representations with respect to parthe “treat”. that over 75 percent of their operatticular program changes ,” he said, CUPE’s pfficial position, howing expenditures are taken up by suggesting that NUS should “subever, on whether to buckle under to salaries and wages. mit a brief” if it wanted, rather than the controls won’t be decided until “But this would be true only if seek representation. the upcoming national conference the provinces decide the guidelines , Submitting briefs, he said, is in Toronto starting on Oct. 20. apply to universities,” he added. “part of our traditional way of The Canadian Association of If they do apply, Sim said the doing things” and stressed that it is University Teachers (CAUT) effect would be to freeze faculty not usual to include$eople affected reacted to the federal plan by pointsalaries relative to salaries outside by government programs in the ing out that universities fall under decision-making process itself, citthe post-secondary sector. ‘ ‘Faprovincial jurisdictions, and by ing areas of health care and welfare culty salaries which are already questioning whether the policy as examples. lagging behind wouldn’t be re“guidelines” would be made to According to Levin, if students ctified,” according to Sim. Payinapply to universities. crements based on faculty promohave anything to say about student CAUT executive secretary Vic- c tions, however, aid, they should direct their attenwould not be aftion-to the provincial governments, fected, heaaid. The Association of Universities not to the Plenary Group he chairs. and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), “I equate students with the ministers not with the civil serthe national organization of univer- -~ - a-y sity administrators took a slightly vants,” he said. “Where there are The spokesman ‘said the federal different approach. According to basic policy issues that have to be Review Board intends to establish spokeswomen Rosemary Cavan: decided, proposals to be put fora “Public Sector Panel” consisting “While universities come under ward, then students have to have of appointees from the provincial provincial jurisdiction, they don’t and federal governments. This come under provincial control”. federal-provincial body will have _ She said AUCC is not certain if the -power to monitor and control the guidelines will apply to the “auA police raid and five arrests wages and prices in the public sectonomous” university sector or stopped the fun at a house party in tor. their employees. She was also unco-op residence last Friday. If & province chooses not to parcertain if faculty “would want to be Five students, four men and one ticipate in the operation of this endescribed as employees”. woman, were charged for unlawforcement mechanism, it will be Whatever collective policy the fully keeping and selling liquor. asked to establish its own adminisuniversities may wish to develop in Twenty six members of the trative body to ensure the Region’s immorality responding to the federal plan, she squad guidelines are followed. said, will be decided at the upcomswooped into the party and seized So, unless a province opts out of ingnational conference planned for about -30 cases of beer and 14 the restraint program altogether, 40-ounce bottles of liquor, a the end of this month in Ottawa. and no matter which enforcement Notwithstanding what the promember of the Co-op Social Commechanism is used, the federal mittee told the chevron. vinces decide, she said, the univerguidelines are intended to apply to The residence was not licenced sity presidents “will likely make a all colleges and universities and statement ‘mdependent of any proto sell liquor. their employees. ivincial prompting .” Four of the students arrested

examined

OTTAWA (CUP)-What will be the impact of the federal government’s wage controls on universities and colleges in Canada? Rick Deaton, spokesman for the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE) which represents over 10,000 university staff, said last week the 10%percent wage -freeze meant members of his union would “get the gears put to them” by the government. He said the federal “guidelines” would likely apply to most institutions since most employed more than 500 persons, and predicted that university administrators would welcome the wage restraints as a way of controlling costs.

niversities .OTTAWA (CUP)-The applicability of the federal wage and price restraint program to universities and colleges depends on the reaction of the provinces, according to the Anti-inflation Review Board here in Ottawa. *- But, if the provinces agree to participate, not only will wage and salary increases be restrained. Tuition and residence fees, as well as other educational costs, will also be allowed to increase only in accordance with the federal guidelines. “Education is strictly a provincial matter ,’ ’ ‘a spokesman for the Review Board said onOct. 15, “but we are asking the provinces to cooperate in the federal program whether by participating directly in the federal plan, or by setting up their own matching systems.”

subiect

’ -

contact with the (provincial) ministers of education.” The process he favours has student groups submitting student aid proposals to provincial ‘ministers, who may decide to raise them at the Plenary Group. If they do, and if the Plenary approves the proposal, it is then returned to all the provinces for approval. Finally, if the provinces approve, it is returned to the federal finance minister for final decision. Once the change has been decided, Levin said, only then could it be made known to the students and the public. According to L&n’s scenario, the federal government plays only a passive role in student loan policy formulation, even though it is a federal program, while the initiative for policy development comes from the provinces. He agrees that students “might have a point” in arguing that they cannot make adequate representation about possible student loan policy changes since the present secrecy blanketing the decisionmaking process prevents them from knowing what, if any, changes are being considered. But although the existing procedures “may be imperfect” as far as student input is concerned, Levin feels “if students are dissatisfied with the opportunities they now have to communicate their concerns, then they have to go to the .provinces and say as you people formulate suggestions for changing this program we want an opportunity to participate”.

Police raid Philip were serving drinks from behind the bar, and the fifth was the -party organizer . General manager of the Co-op, Ian Wilkie, told the chevron on Wednesday that there were three undercover police at the party. Though the three were not familiar to the social committee, Wilkie said it was assumed by the ‘organizers that they were from the married students residence. But before this could be checked the morality squad arrived. About 60 people were at the Party -

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UFW riloves to, oust biased labor Lboard member SACREMENTO, Ca. (LNS)-The * Kintz first came under fne from United Farm Workers Union is the UFW in early September for pressing its campaign for the ouster cooperating with a growerof the senior sltaff member of the Teamster legal maneuver that held new state Agriculture Labor Relaup the counting of ballots in a _ tions Board (ALRB). number of Salinas Valley elections. About 900 farm workers pickSince that time, the UFW charges, eted and sat in at the offices of WalKintz has refused to press investigter Kintz, general counsel of the ations of several hundred “unfair ALRB on October 1. The picketers labor practice complaints” filed charged that Kintz had allowed the against the Teamsters and growers union election process to become by the UFW. Such investigations bogged down -in a bureaucratic are necessary before the results of morass that is favouring the Teamchallenged elections can be offrsters Union as well as grower inc+ly certified. As of the end of Septeinber, only teres ts .

OTTAWA (CUP)-The staff of a student pub at Carleton University have decided to offer low-alcohol content beer and free coffee at closing time as a result of rising concern about student alcoholism. Pub manager Steve Chessine described the step “a gesture” by the staff to show their concern over the problems which the pubs are contributing to. _ ._ Dr. Juanita Casselman, head of Carleton’s Health and Counselling Services, agreed the problem, is real. There are increasing numbers of

people seeking counselling for alcohol and alcohol related problems, and the increase is “signific-\ ant”, she said. Now that Ontario drinking laws have lowered the legal age to 18, the age of problem drinkers is decreasing. As well Casselman observed that more women than men seek counselling about alcohol problems. But very few actually seek help because they feel they are drinking too much, she said. Most come for counselling on some other matter, but soon reveal that drinking is at the root of their problem.

eight of the 186 elections that have taken place have been certified, meaning that contract negotiations \ can begin. UFW organizers also say that Kintz and his aides do not sufficiently examine the lists of eligible workers submitted by the growers and allow workers to be subjected to “extreme harassment and intimidation’Xn connection with the election process. A final area of dispute is the issue of union organizers’ access to workers in the fields. The question has been bounced around the courts for a month now and an ALRB rule allowing such access has been at least temporarily agreed to by the U.S. Supreme Court. However, Tulare County Sheriff Bob Wiley has arrested at least 22 UFW organizers in the past week in the area around Delano. Even ALRB chairman Roger Mahoney has criticized Kintz’s “lack of aggressiveness” in enforcing the access rule. Kintz has said he will not resign, but under the UFW’s pressure has agreed to explain the number of investigators looking into UFW charges. “The number of elections since September 1 has swamped us,” he said. On October 6, the ALRB began a hearing on the eligibility of striking workers to vote in the election at the E and J Gal10 Winery. Each striker will be questioned individually in a proceeding that may last three weeks. As of the first week in October, the UFW had won six of the first seven elections held in the apple orchards in Watsonville. This is an area where the Teamsters signed sweetheart contracts in the summer of 1974, prompting a UFW strike that fall.

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PRESENTS

, I

October

24, 1975

Many university students I community TORONTO (CUP)-According to a senior university official there are too many students in Ontario’s 15 universities who should be in the 22 community colleges. “The universities are doing many things the colleges could do better,” the executive director of the Council of Ontario Universities, John MacDonald told delegates to a symposium on higher education at York University Oct. 9. MacDonald said the community colleges are providing a wide range of courses aimed at “vocational” goals and they “are doing it well.” In this regard then, he said, the approach to undergraduate postsecondary education is off-base. “It should show a student the depth of human knowledge and show him what it means to truly understand a subject.” MacDonald called for an end to

colleges introductory and interdisciplinary courses that create the illusion of understanding and an end to ‘ ‘bull sessions which are treated as educational and creative.” MacDonald urged universities to insist that high schools provide “uncompromising discipline” especially in english and mathematics in the final year and to refuse to accept the greatest burden of providing compensating education for students handicapped by their home environment. He called for universities to resume evaluations of students and faculty and to stop abusing academic tenure and teacher promotability by seniority. MacDonald said universities treat first year classes as an “aptitude test” and urged universities to refrain from, this practice by encouraging ill-prepared students to go elsewhere.

AUCC f&uses OTTAWA (CUP)-“Women and the Universities” will be the focus of this year’s annual meeting of the Association of Universities and Colleges (AUCC), to be held Oct. 27-30 in Ottawa. The ‘AUCC is the organization which represents 65 Canadian degree granting institutions at the national level. Each member institution usually sends a-delegation to the annual policy conference consisting of the president of the uniadminisversity , some senior trators, and sometimes a student delegate. This year, the delegate will re-

ceive two reports dealing with Women and Universities. One is a statistical compendium documenting the current status of women academics in Canada, prepared by Statistics Canada; the other report on child-care facilities on Canadian campuses, financed by the federal Health and Welfare department, Five workshops during the conference will discuss various aspects of the theme; women faculty and women in academic administration; women students; nonacademic staff; women’s studies programs; and the organization of university research on women.

-iday, October

the chevron

24, 1975

Federation,byelections for Renison college

Blue Moon rip-off An incident at the Blue Moon otel in Petersburg a couple of leeks ago has caused some misunerstanding and false rumours round the student villages. The matter started when part of a roup of dons) tutors and staff went 1 the hotel after a gathering at UW resident Dr. Burt Matthews’ resience. At some point during the night ome of the group, who were idenfied as students, asked if they

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Finally a decision was made on le new funding proposals at the Llrts Society meeting on Tuesday. ‘he proposals have been plaguing he council for the past three leeks. The three motions were: -of the remaining undistributed lub funds, 50 percent would be ollected into a common fund label:d the club subsidies fund to which Iember clubs may apply for suplort of various club activities. The ther 50 percent would be distriuted to the clubs in the normal nanner. -that guidelines for decisions oncerning the allotment of these unds be formulated by the social ommittee. The guidelines are then D be brought to council for discusion and ratification. -that this social committee adGnister the club activity subsidies n accordance with the guidelines atified by council. There was no discussion of the roposals and a vote was taken. ‘he count was: nine in favour, five .gainst and no abstentions. ArtSoc president Bruce Rorrison ommented to council that the roposals were only temporary olutions to the problem of lack of articipation in the council. The olicy applies only to this year. Lnd Rorrison said council should oncern themselves with a more ermanent solution at future meetlgs. The meeting lasted two miutes. -graham

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could buy any of the Octoberfest posters which had been put up for the festivities during the following week. The management refused to sell any of the decorations. When a number of these posters and a few pitchers were discovered missing at the end of the night, a complaint was made to UW residence warden Ron Eydt. A memorandum was circulated through the villages the following morning asking that these items be returned adding that if they were not, the villages would be billed at two dollars a pitcher and five dollars a poster. That memo was not accurate. What the hotel management had asked was that they be reimbursed for a total of approximately two dollars for the pitchers and five dollars for the posters. The amount of the cheque written by Eydt was $9.75. Eydt said that there would be no charge to the village councils. Eydt and two student representatives went to the hotel this week to discuss the matter with the manager over lunch. In addition to the cheque, the manager received all 10 of the missing posters and one of the missing pitchers as well as a letter of apology from the students. Eydt said there was no truth to the rumour that they were told that groups of students were no longer welcome at the hotel. In a interview with the chevron, the hotel manager said, “Let’s face it, if we counted every glass that was stolen from the hotel, where the hell would we be?” He went on to say that he was completely satisfied with the co-operation received from the residences. -graham

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_ - ~

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Academic Assembly last year, I feel capable of giving students a just representation on council. As Federation representative for Renison I would want to act as a liaison between the Federation Council and the elected student reps at the college in order to achieve full communication between the two bodies. I feel it is most important that the students at Renison receive information about Federation decisions, policies, etc.

Nina Tymoszewicz The Federation Council is the only real voice that students have at UW, therefore it must act responsibly and truly represent the views of students. As the Renison representative to the Federation Council, I would aim to give students at the college a clear voice in issues which are affecting them. For example, because of the general economic crisis in Canada, the government is cutting back in expenditures, especially in the area of education. The effects that these cutbacks can have on students are severe, and students need the protection of a strong student government. That strength will come from active student participation. I am a third year student at Renison College. Through my experiences and involvement during my first year, on the main campus, and as a member of the Renison

This leads to another crucial concern for students, and that is the question of Federation spending. Is the money we pay to the Federation of Students being spent in the interests of the majority of students? If elected I intend to investigate this, and will do my part to ensure that spending is carried out according to students’ wishes. Nina Tymoszewicz

Cliff Maude I am a first year student of the Social Development Studies Program at Renison College and have a vested interest in the College and its students. Sitting on the constitution committee which is endeavoring to produce a constitution acceptable to the Renison student body, and which has provided much insight into the inconsistencies in the history of the college, concerning the welfare of the students. I wish to see Renison have a new start. A fresh ap-

preach is needed of the college.

to the workings

I feel that I can adequately fill the role of liaison between the Renison student body and the Federation of Students in a responsible, unbiased manner. There is a need to further the knowledge of students in the affairs of the Federation of Students. I can provide an alternative to the students of Renison who are unsure of the political workings of the college. As a member of the constitution committee I have already shown initiative and interest in Renison. I have a history of involvement in multiple volunteer programs, including youth organizations. Involvement breeds social awareness, which sharpens perception as a basis for responsible judgment. I would hope that my involvement would promote other first year students to get involved for greater continuity of the governmental process at Renison. Cliff Maude

friday,

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I -infiltrateS DENVER (CPS-CUP)-No one is surprised anymore by reports of domestic surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). But spying and harassment of campus radicals and radical organization was practiced on a massive, systematic level, documents recently made public reveal. Documents obtained independently by Senator Frank Church (D-ID), the Young, Socialist Alliance (YSA), the Socialist Work-

college

ers Party (SWP) and various individuals who made use of the Freedom of Information Act, show that the FBI set up phony college newspapers, sent anonymous, derogatory letters to parents and professors, personally intimidated members of certain student groups and kept tabs on black student organizations. In addition documents obtained by college Press Service show extensive surveillence of .the news service.

According. to Brennan, a 1970 memo by -Hoover stated that “every black student union or group, regardless of their past or present involvement in disorders, should be the subject of a discreet inquiry to establish the background of its key activities,.” .But Blacks were not alone. FBI files made public under the Freedom of Information Act show that the FBI operated several counterintelligence programs, or Cointelpros, divided into different categories : “New Left,” “White Hate Groups ,” “Communist Party, USA, ” “Black Extremists” and “Socialist Workers Party?’ Documents obtained by the Socialist Workers Party and the Young Socialist Alliance in connection with a suit they have filed against the Justice Department, show that the FBI engaged in a wide variety of spying and harassment activities. The files show that the FBI: -sent -a derogatory, anonymous letter to officials with the approval of J. Edgar Hoover, designed to encourage the dismissal of an Arizona State University professor who had taken part in anti-war activities and was a member of YSA and SWP; -ran bogus college newspapers at American University and Indiana University. The papers contained such wisdom as “war can only be abolished through war,” and attacked the “New Left Hippie Breed’ ’ ;

-tried to have YSA chapters re moved from the campuses of the University of Houston and the University of California at Lo! Angeles.. At the University o Houston, the FBI was disturbec that YSA had “free and continua access to meeting rooms on cam, pus and the privilege of passing ou their papers and literature amonl ’ the students . . .” The suit fded by YSA and SWI calls for a federal injunction agains further surveillance and claim: damages of $27 million. Further evidence that the FB accelerated campus and campus related surveillance is provided b! files obtained by the College Pres! Service under the Freedom of In formation Act. The files show tha CPS fell under the watchful eye’o: the FBI from 1970 to 1973. During the heaviest period of surveillence . 1971 and 1972 - the FBI monitorec CPS releases, conducted periodic visits to the CPS home office in Den, ver, investigated CPS affiliate: around the country and filed re. ports on the life-styles of members of the CPS collective. In one section of the 157 page report, the FBI was concerned with “connection with New Left organizations, propensity for violence, whether any individuals . . . reside in communal type existence and the extent of any foreign 01 domestic subversion. . .” All the details in this section were deleted, CPS is appealing several of thedeletions .

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campuses

Church,’ chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, learned that in 1970 J. Edgar Hoover, then director of the FBI, ordered increased surveillance of radical campus .groups and expanded use of FBI informants. Hoover concentrated the increased surveillance on black radical groups, Charles Brennan, former chief of the FBI domestic intelligence division said in testimony given to Church’s committee.

’ 13THANNIVERSARY

October

‘riday, October

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24, 1975

nference analvzes student aid The National Union of Students NUS/UNE) held its sixth confer:nce at the University of New 3runswick in Fredericton this past weekend. Students from Memorial Univer;ity in Newfoundland to the Unirersity of British Columbia discus;ed such diverse issues as student iid, the Fiscal Arrangements Act, :he Canadian Radio-Television Commission (CRTC) and student .-adio, housing, womens’ issues, incernational students and the role of

student organizations during the four day conference. The workshops >on these issues also had to deal with regional disparity, the relationship between Quebec and the rest of Canada and the relationships among the rest of the provinces in Canada. The focus of the conference was student aid. The Canada Student Loans Plan (CSLP) is the basis for all provincial student assistance programmes. The CSLP is currently under re-

Campus radio stations may be hurt by CRTC ruling Canadian campus radio stations attempting to obtain FM licences may be left in dire financial straits due to the Canadian RadioTelevision Commission’s (CRTC) recent decision to curtail commercial activity on campus radio stations. Concern about these restrictions led to the formation of a workshop on the CRTC’s policies towards student broadcast media. This workshop was held as part of a National Union of Students Conference in Fredericton last week. The workshop, composed of representatives from campus radio stations and student unions from across the country, recommended that a task force be set up to look into four main areas. These include: -the status of student media in the individual institutions in Canada. -the possible creation of a national organization -CRTC policy as it effects student media -1iason between student and community media Membership in this committee would consist of one representative each from the National Union of Students, student video and the Canadian University Press as well as a representative from each of the following three student radio stations: Saskatoon, Ottawa and Waterloo. The committee is to compile and present a report at a national conference of campus radio stations tentatively scheduled for next year in Calgary. If successful, this report will provide a basis for a national campus radio organization and will also form the basis for a presentation to the CRTC.

view and in the province of Ontario the Ministry of Colleges and Universities has set up a committee to study financial assistance to postsecondary students. This committee is holding public meetings in four centres in the province to receive submissions. The Ontario Federation of Students (OFS) is organizing general meetings of students at each centre to indicate to the committee the opinions of students on the question of student aid. Elsewhere in the country NUS/LINE has organized a student aid petition campaign. They expect that by the end of November 50,000 signatures will have been collected for presentation to the government calling for student representation on the decision making bodies for the CSLP, more flexible and realistic eligibility criterion and less debt. These demands are the immediate changes that must be implemented in order to achieve the long range goals of abolition of tuition fees and the establishment of

adequate living stipends for all post-secondary students Another major topic for discussion was the Fiscal Arrangements Act (FAA) the federal-provincial agreement which provides 50 per cent of the operation budgets for post-secondary institutions. This Act is seen by many as the source of cutbacks in education. The FAA is up for renegotiation now and it is expected to be finalized in 1977. The plenary passed eight motions relating to the Act. These motions called for, among other things, the exclusion of tuition fees for the calculation of the provincial contribution to operating costs, the expansion of the definition of operating costs to include capital expenditures, the removal of the 15 per cent ceiling on increases of payment under the Act and the establishment of a more realistic clause to account for regional disparity. The International Students’ workshop reported to the plenary adding a demand that International

NUS entertainment Concern about Ontario domination of the Canadian Entertainment Conference (CEC) and the extremely close ties between promoters and agents and the CEC were expressed at a workshop on entertainment held at the National Union of Students (NUS) Conference in Fredericton last week. Participants in the workshop were concerned that in spite of the formation of the Canadian Programming Conference (CPC) to replace the CEC next year there would be little change in the orien-

Students be considered the same as Canadian students for the purposes of the FAA. The past year has been a boom period for the student movement. Students have formed the Atlantic Federation of Students, the Federation of Alberta Students, the Western Student Services, the British Columbia Student Federation and the most active group, the Asociation Nationale des E tudiants de Quebec, all in the past 18 months. The Ontario Federation of Students (OFS) and the National Union of Students (NUS/UNE) reformed in 1972. NUS/UNE is running over 25 membership referenda this year and has won six out of the seven run so far. OFS members include all but four of the universities in Ontario. The collapse of the Canadian Union of Students in 1968-69 was seen as the end of the student movement but the present cutbacks in education have made a new beginning.

workshop

tation of the conference unless NUS acted in an advisory capacity to the CPC in its formative stages. Delegates felt that imput was needed at this point to help the CPC meet its goal of providing a forum for communication between programmers and the entertainment industry that is neither wedded to the promoters and agents in Eastem Canada nor political. NUS is going to ask the CPC for an opportunity to review the draft constitution before its release in order to be able to advise its

held

member institutions. It is also going to poll all post-secondary institutions concerning the advisability of moving the 1976 CPC from Kitchener-Waterloo to Carleton University (the CEC has been held in Kitchener-Waterloo for seven out of the past nine years). Contingent upon the conference being held at Carleton University, NUS will request that all institution wishing to join CPC place their fees in a trust fund to be held by a representative of the Carleton Students Union.

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friday,

October

24, 1975

a NEW YORK (LNS)-In midSeptember, members of the 10,000 strong Panalmanian Transport Workers Trade Association sealed off all access to the Panama Canal Zone from the capital. Later in the month, close to a thousand demonstrators attacked the U.S. Embassy in Panama City,

shattering over a 100 windows and demanding that the United States remove all its troops from the Canal Zone. Both of these incidents reflect the conflict in the current Panama Canal treaty negotiations that are supposed to end the United States’ right to the Canal Zone “in perpetuity.” Underlining the conflict is Panama’s attempt to regain sovereignty over the canal zone and to control its most valuable resource-its strategic geographic position between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. For this, Panama has had the outspoken support of most Third World countries, and a 1973 ‘United Nations Security Council resolution supporting Panama was blocked only by a U.S. veto. For the United States, the negotiations come down to a question of how muchglobal dominance it will be forced to lose in the wake of its defeat in Indochina.

Panama’s Fight For The Canal For Panamanians, the struggle to regain the canal began in 1903. In exchange for United States support for their independence from neighboring Colombia in that year, Panama was forced to give the United States the right to build, administer and defend a canal in Panama “in perpetuity.”

General Elections for the six (6) seats on the Board of Directors of the Waterloo Chapter of The Ontario Public Interest Research Group (OPIRG) will take place between

November 17 and November 21. All undergraduate students registered at the University of Waterloo who have not received a refund of their $3.00 OPIRG fee are eligible to stand for election and to vote. NOMINATIONS OPEN FRIDAY OCTOBER 10th CLOSE ON FRIDAY OCTOBER 31st AT 3:OOP.M. Further

up at the

information and nomination OPIRG office in CHEMISTRY

and.

“We shall have a treaty,” said secretary of state Hay at the time, “vastly advantageous to the United States and we must confess, not so advantageous to Panama.” Dissatisfaction with the terms of the 1903 treaty caused it to be amended twice in 1936 and 1955, but the basic source of tension -the issue of U.S. sovereignty “in perpetuity’ ‘-was never resolved. Violence broke out in Panama in January, 1%4 when Panamanian students marched on a high school in the Canal Zone and attempted to raise the Panamanian flag. American students attacked the group, and in response a protest movement developed that led to confron-

tations throughout the country. In Panama City, U.S. Army troops, complete with tanks and air support, killed 22 Panamanian students and wounded 500 others. By the end of the year, and after Panama had broken off diplomatic relations with the United States for four months, president Johnson announced that the U.S. was ready to negotiate a new treaty based on Panamanian sovereignty. But it was never clear whether the two governments intended to actually achieve an agreement, or simply wanted to soften the pressure by settling into the posture of negotiations. In any case, the talks got nowhere.

General Omar Torrijos, the present Panamanian head of state, came to power in a coup by the NationaI Guard in 1968. Since then, in response to popular demands for control of the canal, he rekindled in early 1974 the treaty negotiations that had begun to wither and stated that if popular protests occur “we have two alternatives, to smash it or to lead it and I’m not going to smash it.”

US Gov’t Divided on Canal Strategy One-sixth of all U . S foreign trade tonnage travels through the canal, and the Canal Zone has 14 U.S. continued

on page

ey poi Saying that the United States and Panama were still far apart on essential issues, Panama issued a report to the public in September on the negotiations . The key issue, the report said, is that Panama insists that the canal pact expire at the end of the century after which Panama would have full control of the canal. The United States wants “50 years for the defense of the waterway” and “the right to continue defending the canal for an indefinite time” thereafter. Among other points of disagreement were: -The United States proposed maintaining the existing 14 military bases while Panama proposed a limit of 3 U.S. bases.

-Panama proposed a 53 square-mile strip of the Canal Zone for administration and maintenance purposes. The U.S. proposed an over 450 square mile area. -Panama asked for jurisdiction over Balboa and Cristobal, while the United States asked for joint administration. -Panama proposed neutrality for the canal, guaranteed through the United Nations. The United States proposed that “neutrality” be conditional on U.S. interests. -The United States proposed to expand the present canal or build a new canal unilaterally. Panama insisted on codifying waterway expansion.

We,are interested in analysing virtually all aspects of the Food Industry from production to consumption; from the 1 decline of tQ2 family farm to the effects of chemical additives on the human body. 2. The Housing Industry in Canada: Many peopleare finding it increasingly difficutt to house themselves adequately at acost they can afford. This project is aimed at an investigation of various aspects of the problem including land ownership patterns, speculation, Development Companies, and Finance Institutions, just to name a few. 3. Occupational Health and Safety: This project starts with an examination of the incidence of occupational injuries and disease, and the traditional explanations put forth to identify their causes. The second part of the project amounts to a critical evaluation of the responses of workers, corporations and government agencies. 4. Corporate Profiles: Canadians by and large know very little about the extent of the influence major corporations have over the social, political, and economic affairs of Canada. This project is directed toward an analysis of such giant concerns as Bell Canada, Syncrude, Imperial Oil, Canadian Development Corporation, Trizec, Argus, Power Corporation, Upjohn, Greenwin, etc.

forms can be picked 1 ROOM 351..

The Ontario Public Interest Research Group (OPIRG) is an jndependent research,’ education, and community action-oriented organization nts of Waterloo and f&Master Univerearth projects with strategies for all information in the data bank 2. Office Assistance: maintenance of the financial records * keeping of and mailing out of minutes of meetings, newsletters, and reports etc. l

d projects to contribute to more r Terry Moore in Chemistry

4. Newsletter: * assist with production of a community newsletter to be sent out through OPIRG’s Consumer Action Centre in Kitchener 5. Consumer Action Centre: * researchers * complaint officers

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lay, October 24, 1975

m page 12 !itary bases that have served as a ging area for counterinsurgency ivity throughout Latin America. r American ruling circles, conued control of the Canal Zone ; become a test of U.S. foreign icy in the post-Vietnam era. The territory is “vital to our secty and commerce,” stated convative U.S. senator James ckley. ‘Coming on the heels of Viet m,” says an advisor to a senate nmittee, “there is a tendency to r, ‘Don’t give up an inch of rerican territory’ ” in Panama. pporters of this position include rgressional conservatives who de already passed a resolution posing any loss of American con11over the canal. 3ut others, including the state )artment, support a “liberal” eign policy and believe that the S. can better protect its interests the canal by allowing concesns now to avoid a confrontation =r. 4 new treaty “would provide rcrete evidence of our country’s lingness to move toward a more .ture relationship with Latin lerica,” according to ambas-

sador-at-large Ellsworth Bunker, the chief U.S. negotiator. In addition, the former ambassador to South Vietnam noted that the canal is “vulnerable to sabotage and terrorist acts.” Secretary of state Kissinger concurs in preferring a new treaty in whit h U.S. defense and operating interests can still “be’ maintained for many decades and thereby defuse the immediate situation.” The current round of negotiations, begun in February, 1974, has shown the conflicts between American global interest, and the nationalism of Panama’s chief of state Torrijos to be difficult to resolve. And behind the mild nationalism of Torrijos there is the pressure of much stronger nationalism from students and other politically conscious Panamanians who are demanding solutions to the country’s problems of unemployment and hunger that are much more radical than renegotiating a treaty with the United States. One indication of how far apart the countries are came on Sept. 20 when Panama stated that the United States was demanding the right to defend the canal “for an indefinite time, which is tantamount to

perpetuity.” This phatically rejected.”

Panama

“em-

The Likelihood of U.S. Intervention Speaking last spring on what would happen if the talks broke down, ambassador Bunker said, “we would likely find ourselves engaged in hostilities with an otherwise friendly country. ’ ’ And in the last week of August, as if to prepare for the possibility of United States intervention in Panama, 2,000 U. S . paratrooper commandos arrived in the country. The United States military did not make a public statement on the landing of the soldiers. However, a call to their emergency operations center resulted in a confirmation by a captain Cornell that an undetermined number of commandos had indeed landed in Panama for a ‘ ‘jungle operations course. ’ ’ When asked to respond to the official Panamanian contention that this represented an “invasion” of Panama, captain Cornell replied: “During the Kent State killings by the National Guard there were those -who said the army invaded the university. However, this was pure propaganda, as is this allega-

tion” of an invasion of Panama. As to the specific actions of the 2,000 commandos-in addition to the 15,000 regular U.S. military personnel in the area-the Panamanian daily ‘ ‘Matutino” reported: “With modern arms and combat planes, they are engaging in manoeuvers near our people in open provocation to intimidate our peasants who have already suffered damage to their crops.” In preparation for possible covert operations in Panama, U.S. Embassy officials with experience in other “hot spots” have been transferred to the country recently. Foreign service and aid officers who served in the Dominican Republic in 1965, Saigon in 1968, Uruguay in 1970, and Chile in 1968-1970, are now in Panama. If Panama’s Omar Torrijos and the United States don’t negotiate an acceptable new treaty, the recent demonstrations in September show that there is the basis for a popular’ movement against continued U.S. control of the canal among Panamanians. In Panama City, the country’s largest city, with a population of

455,000, people carry shopping bags printed with the slogan “Panama is sovereign” and walls are spray painted with red paint reading “no bases .” In February, 1974 demonstrators damaged five cars in front of the Legislative Palace while Kissinger was inside saying the United States was ready to “gradually” transfer sovereignty over the 60-year old canal to Panama. General Torrijos had authorized the peaceful demonstration bv activi& of the 22,000 member Federation of Students in Panama, but he was beaded with sweat when he saw demonstrators carrying signs saying “Nixon-Assassin” and “Get Tough with the American, Omar,” and when demonstrators began to attack the automobiles. Later in an interview, the president of the student federation, 22-year-old Romulo Be thancourt, stated: “We still have some flags to raise until we are free of foreign domination, the vestiges of colonialism and the penetration of neocolonialism. But one thing is clear-we are not a fanatic mass and we are not inventing problems with the United States. The U.S. made the problems.”

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the only advantage for the student is that his or her anonymity ensures an uninterrupted 50 minute nap. Or we might consider computerized registration which makes number 100667 more significant than my signature; or library regulations designed to keep books on the shelf; a library check-out service which dispenses more feelings of criminality than it catches stolen books; the profusion of faculty lounges

outward action, on behaviour and de-emphasis of experience which fosters the lack of appreciation on the part of the student for his or her own experience. In other words, a university education teaches students to “learn about the world rather than to learn from the world” as Ivan Illich puts it. Lectures, reading lists, term papers and examinations all pressure the student to see social realities as something to

which protect professors from unwittingly rebe learned about, observed and memorized. vealing their humanity to students over coffee, There is little to match these activities which would assist students in appreciating their enwhatever the regulation, whatever the practice; the size, maintenance and development of vironment, sharing and extending their talents, the total physical plant in effect says (in the accepting and critically weighing their own exwords of the bewildered freshmen):-“screw perience, improving their activities by practice the individual student !” and developing their own wisdom and moralOne of our number remembers one summer ity. Is it any wonder university teachers complain that students are inexperienced and nonworking at Queen’s University where most persons employed by that august institution were flat broke at the end of the spring term. Most students usually are. Not only was the university in no position to anticipate the needs of its own student employees by issuing an advance or at least an early paycheque but a computer payroll system ensured that no one would be paid until summer’s end. This person remembers asking the computer (or one of its. executive assistants) if he could pick up his pay cheque on the last day as he was moving out of town. The answer received was that the computer was -programmed to print the cheques, feed them to envelopes and mail them to each employee at his or her summer address. It was a cardinal rule that there would be no interference in this programmed process. He would have to move to Toronto on the same threadbare shoestring that he had worn all summer and wait for the post office to forward his desperately needed funds. There is a second and much more serious level of “inhumanity” in the universities and that is in the way the academic pursuits engaged in emphasize behaviour rather than experience. In the humanities and social sciences the observable behaviour of people is studied by Larry Fisk (CUP) to the exclusion of the introspective view of the one who is experiencing the behaviour. But experience is every bit as real as the behaviour that we observe that reflects it. reflective? Students are so because their trainR.D. Laing, the provocative British ing circumvents such self-reflection. psychiatrist has shown us that experience is To use an example from the field of political but one side of reality and behaviour another. studies, we teach students about political inThere is no inner and outer in human experi. stitutions and political events but we do not ence save what we give those names. In order attempt to practice political action or responsito understand persons we need to appreciate ble citizenship and critically evaluate our own the total reality about them. We need to take performance, seriously the experience which gives rise to behaviour. As R.D. Laing says: “Our beIs Scientific Realism haviour is a function of our experience. We act Anti-personal? according to the way we see things. If our experience-is destroyed our behaviour will be There is a further difficulty in this overdestructive. If our experience is destroyed, we emphasis on observable behaviour. Academics have lost our own selves.” call this approach of understanding the world I submit that it is just this over-emphasis on around us scientific realism. It is a realism

which critica! systematicall: the young, OI for is a new th conception ol finition of theologian, M versi ty facult the real enem: a new underst is the guardian reality is to bt tion of reasc even percepti portant exist3 not exist. Re lege.” To pa perience, and denegrated SC leads student: methodology Critics of t students in ca cal reason by again as does symbol, feeli imagination, given an expli cal and politi advocates of I too long bee human under: tionality or se Is c I Finally, I t anti-personal phasis on hart university circ relation to otl over and on members. Thi makes all end< fellow stude psychological achievement, previously ur pride over a 1 The empha activities rule: risks, develop enlargement 1

The evi unive educ; tuted our defii less competiti\ work done in : preciate how v profoundly ind ments of other environment 0 Our IPrivate well political sj ever, reconnizt when we engal have nrofound ing of course ( publicize our 1 covery or me; poorly adminis

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4, 1975

nd scientifically or llity . What many of link young, hunger intelligence, a new ing, and a new deyoung Catholic writes that the uni: administration) is t in this struggle for ys that “the faculty ling myth by which le prevailing defiiiugumentation and faculty says is imculty ignores does one learns in colak:-where all exrt of the student, is what the professor observe and by the ocates. e joined by young 3cement of analytis which maintains, k, that, “myth and y, experience and nd sensibility are expression of ethiI and action..” As e faculty, have for :h dimensions of romanticism, irra-

e Work nal? ersity is viciously ts inordinate em: work. Success, in I what I achieve ‘in hieve by stepping udents or faculty i scientific realism :t to the criticism of extension in the BUSYfor another’s ounding a new or ea, and a hulking g about things and ciation of the inner rsonal growth and letter have consti-

of 0

Ity on :ss, and in a much emphasis on hard 3 miserably to apished in private is prior accomplishective and critical por aries . .deavours have as hich we seldom, if Ilace, what we find I (our results) may lications, depend: of willingness to example, the disan inadequate or service. Secondly,

the kinds of questions we research will vary in political significance. If we choose a study, let’s say “A Comparative Analysis of the Longevity of Government-Issued Pencil Erasers as Utilized by a Random Sampling of Halifax Dartmouth Grade One Pupils”, our findings are not likely to have too much political importance. Another question related to, for example, the degree of successful performance of any social or political institution or agency is bound to have more political significance. But our private research is politically relevant not only in what we fmd and what we question but also in how we investigate. Some forms of investigation (for example, participant observation) may lead to an involvement and

compromise, patience and acquiescence. We grow incapable of attacking problems in such a way as to build a significantly better system because we fail to strike with imagination and concern at the very roots of the traditional pattern and order. Our research produces reforms which are tacked on to the present social systern. Yet “there is compelling evidence,” says Novak, ‘-‘that realistic social and political reforms do not, in fact, alter power arrangements or weaken key interest groups in our society; political symbols change, but the same elites remain in unchallenged power.” What we are actually doing is concretizing or hypostatizing certain social, political, economic or educational alternatives and making them harden “Our company, er . . .I mean, isn’t doing too well.”

identification with persons being studied that a distant analysis based on sample surveys for another example might never risk. The methodology we employ may narrow the field of questions that we are able to ask since some could. never be tackled by certain methods. Again, few researchers consider how the timing of a study may have political relevance. More students are aware of unforeseen consequences of new discoveries what with our new awareness of the environmental crisis. But all too few researchers consider the political question as to who should get the results of completed studies. Precious little research is carried on with a view to developing a better life for forgotten minorities and issuing them with the results. What we require may be counter-research which imaginatively and stubbornly attempts to propound and develop stark new altematives of outworn ways of doing things. Ivan Illich calls for such research, a “r-esearch on alternatives to the products which now dominate the market; to hospitals and the profession dedicated to keeping the sick alive (the research required for a heart transplant while thousands die of amoebic dysentry) to schools and the packaging process which refuses education to those who are not of the right age, who have not gone through the curriculum, who have not sat in a classroom a sufficient number of successive hours, who will not pay for their learning with submission to custodial care, screening and certification or with indoctrination in the values of the dominant elite.” Provocative statements like Illich’s above may remind academics that our quiet studies in carpeted offices do not cease to be political just because we avoid taking sides. Our decision not to engage upon a study which would be given over to the poor for use against the existing economic and political order, far from being politically neutral is in fact politically reactionary. We fail to recognize that even our feeble attempts at neutrality are rooted in the naive assumption that the political and educational climate and institutions within which we work are also neutral and harmless, if not powerless. American academics need only reflect on the fact that 65 percent of all university research is directly or indirectly sponsored by government agencies to show the error of such an assumption. Perhaps the larger error we make as academics is to assume that our ‘politically neutral’ empiricism removes us from a particular political position or commitment. What our stance does in fact is to make us full-fledged participants in the existing way of doing and seeing things. What reforms we may propound will all, in the final analysis, serve the existing social order. What is stifled within us, says Novak, is the “revolutionary, utopian, visionary impulse.” We come to accept instead

the College,

into reality or into the only possibilities, while fragile faintly visible possibilities become increasingly buried by the so-called tried and true.

Moral Bankruptcy The overall style of our teaching and research with its unquestioned realism and emphasis on behaviour conducted as it is with such political naivete is the source of the third evil to be found on Canadian campuses, i.e. moral bankruptcy. Where students learn about social reality without an equal emphasis on learning from that reality, professors have the power to define reality by the reading lists they distribute, but the assigned topics of their term papers, by the approved methodologies they lecture upon, and by the content of their final examinations. The discrediting of student experience is

damaging to the student personally and like a cancerous growth it sinks into the inner consciousness of students to the point where students find it ever more difficult to recognize what they themselves think and feel. But as well, this deprecation of experience eats away the basis from which students feel concern and responsibility for others. The realism of university education tends to destroy the basis upon which wisdom and morality must be founded:-that is, personal experience and intelligent reflection upon it. Michael Polanyi, that great philosopher of science, talks about the tacit Dimension to human knowing:- “we know more than we can tell. ” We can ‘recognize’ a friend’s face yet be unable to describe the separate features of that face. We recognize the parts of a frog, a machine or whatever because% of our prior knowledge of the whole to which they belong. The experience of the student is analagous to Polanyi’s tacit dimension of knowing. The student learns better the wider his or her experience and his or her own reflection on it. If the student’s own experience is down-graded, or even worse disoriented and distorted, by repeated and highly sophisticated assaults on it

by faculty and students’ arguments and examples the well from which the student’s behaviour is drawn becomes an empty shaft encrusted with self-distrust. Students come to overlook and distrust what is in themselves. They have less within upon which to shape patterns without. Inward emptiness and moral bankruptcy is a direct result of the style of university-education in the past and its continued refusal to consider seriously the emptiness it has caused in the present. In short, university education is built on specific stories or myths about what the real world is like and how-we can come to know it. Our practices and methodologies have made numbers out of persons by measuring success by grades, size, volume and control; robbed students of their self-respect by discounting their personal experience; made competini cranks out of faculty by rewarding their fiercest competitive tendencies ; blinded us from our political responsibilities for changing the social order and serving the defenceless segments of the human community by encouraging secluded research for governments and business; made a virtue of passivity, caution and indecision even in times of the most dire social need; bureaucratized the wisdom of the ages; and convinced a generation of scholars that their ideals must be tailored to fit reality:-that a

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October

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friday,

October

24, 1975

Track

The OWIAA championships were held on the new tartan track at Laurentian University in Sudbury on Sat., Oct. 18. I Seven girls represented Waterloo: Barb Chitovas, Sandra Ford, Lorraine Luypaert, Mary MacKenzie, Marlene Peters, Jill Richardson, and Chris Young. Barb Chitovas threw well in all three weight events and placed second in the shot and discus and won the javelin,, breaking the OWIAA record for the third time this fall with a throw of 43.90 meters. Chris Young also placed well with a second in the j.avelin and a third in the shot. Tragedy struck the Athenas when Marlene Peters, on her set-ond attempt in the long jump, tore the medial collateral ligament of her left knee and was taken to hospital. Marlene was a strong contender for both the 100 meter hurdles and the long jump. After a strong effort UniWat’s girls placed fourth behind McMaster, Toronto and York. Other results : Jill Richardson 5th in shot Lorraine Luypaert 4th in discus 2nd in the Marlene Peters 200 meter hurdles 4th in long jump Thank you’s are extended to all those girls who participated in this fall’s team and to the guy’s team which kept them amused on the long bus trips. A special thanks is extended to Gord Robertson the coach. See you indoors. -jUl

rkhardson

Football Warriors gave their best effort since the beginning of the season ~ getting into post-season action in -the playoffs. Warriors are now 2-4 on the before bowing to the Guelph Gryphons 24-2 7 at Seagram Stadium on year and must face Cuelph again in their. final game this weekend. Saturday. The loss ended any hopes Wally Delahey’s team may have had of phdto by grant macfarlane

Sailing team off to championships ‘An optimistic Warrior Sailing Team heads towards Kingston’s Royal Military ’ College this weekend for the last race of the Fall .

regatta circuit, the Canadian Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association’s 1975 Canadian Championships (CICSA). Optimism may be an under\

Fidd hockey Athen,as to finals The Athenas had one of their final tests as they ready themselves for the upcoming OWIAA field hockey trials. The Athenas travelled to Western on Friday, October 17th to meet’ the weaker Western team. The score at half time was 2-O in favour of the Athenas after a good shot taken by halfback Shirley Robertson went in. It was a clean and open shot that the Westem defe.nse only partially stopped which caused a deflection and thus a goal. The first of Janet Helm’s two goals was scored after good offensive pressure kept the ball in the scoring area until finally the Westerngoalie made a mistake and Janet sco&d from close in. The secondhalf saw, the Waterloo gals completely outplay the Western girls. Left wing Patti Owen received a pass to streak down the left side of the field and let a super drive go to catch the outside corner of the goal. “The unit played well with the halfbacks and fullbacks providing constant containment in the Westem end. We had good game efforts by Janet Helm, JoAnne Rowlandson, and Joey Ferrier,” stated coach Judy McCrae. Neither rain nor wind nor cold could stop the Saturday tournament at the Columbia fields. The Athenas met the University of Guelph girls and at halftime there was a scoreless deadlock. The University of Guelph girls constantly kept the pressure on during the first half with none of the (Athena forward line able to get away. About the 14 minute ,mark of the second half, Cheryl Mangolt took a super shot on goal from about 15 yards out and the score of 1-O dominated till the end. At the end of the game Coach McCrae said, “It’ll always be hard to score on a scrappy team but we must con-‘ tinue to bring pressure onto teams like that. We Can usually maintain good pressure on our opponents at mid-field but we sometimes have mental lapses during attack.” The big game of the day was University of Toronto vs. Waterloo. The strength of the Toronto _ team can be summed up quite con@~~&~~\~~**~

OWIAA conference championship every year since the league inception. “We have never had difficulty preparing ourselves for this game. The U. of T. vs. Waterloo game has always been a feature. ” The Toronto team jumped ahead 1-O in the first half. Beth Huether, the Waterloo goalie made the first save in the goal mouth and then tried to make the second save but couldn’t get to it as there was a pile up in front of the goal. Toronto then ended the first half with a wing centering pass that was deflected into the goal. About 10 minutes into the secondhalf the U. of T. team fouled and Waterloo was awarded the penalty stroke. Rookie Caroline Heslop scored our first penalty stroke goal. “This seemed to give the team some breathing room and incentive.” It was a fast game from then on in. The Athenas had 3 different

times that they were able to put pressure on the Toronto goalie but were unable to put it past her. Toronto scored again to put the score at 3-1. With 4 minutes left to go, Marie Miller sent home a goal to end the game scoring at 3-2 for Toronto. “We made our mistakes early in the first half and got too far behind but the quality of staying with it and presenting a scoring threat till the end of the game is a respected quality.” Coach Judy McCrae saw the weekend as a final assessment of her opponents prior to the final championship tournament.

statement of this team’s attitude, mainly due to a wealth of experience, but at the same time these seasoned competitors temper their enthusiasm with respect for the formidable talent that will be arrayed against them. Toronto, McMaster, RMC, Trent and McGill have always provided stiff competition at this event, let alone Canada’s college sailing superpower, Queen’s. Rumour also has it that one or two Maritime teams may enter to teach those Westerners what sailing’s all about. . Once again, a strong Queen’s team seems the squad to beat, and the Warriors appear to be the only challengers capable of pulling it off. The competition is enlivened by the fact that the winning team will advance to the North American Championships in June ‘76. ’ Each team consists of two crews (A/B Divisions) of two people each

(skipper/crew). ,Team members for this event are : Doug Brown, former Quebec junior champ, many times CORK and Sears Cup competitor; Mirek Sharp, long time dinghy and keelboat racer and instructor; Ron Vandermey, highly successful Albacore skipper, CORK competitor; Roger Watkiss, experienced keelboat sailor, wide dinghy experience. Between them, these sailors have skipped everything from an 8’ Sabot dinghy to a 48’ offshore ocean-racer. More. than anything else, this depth of sailing exposure has prepared them for the rough, blustery conditions and tough competition they expect to face in Kingston. The event will be sailed in RMC’S ‘420’ class dinghies. The grueling seven race series is held over short triangular courses located just off Kingston harbour. -roger

watkiss

The Athenas play McMaster Wednesday, October 22 at Columbia Field. “We think Mat is really talented this year but they seem to have trouble winning when it counts -so this should be a good game for us ,” coach McCrae concluded.

WED. NOV. 5 - 11:30 a.m. Classical Flute & Guitar Concert with John Becker - Guitar Maggie Andersen - flute Theatre of the Arts Free Admission Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students

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Soccer Warriors head for playoff Warrior’s but Marcus Klein made the save. The Warriors opened the scoring at the ten minute mark when Tom Dabrowski crossed the ball from the left corner. It slipped through the goalie’s hands, and Zenon Moszora alertly booted the ball into the empty goal. Two minutes later Gerry Williams picked up an attempted clearance head ball on the left side and blasted a shot which sailed into the top right corner to put Waterloo ahead 2-O. Continued pressure #by the Warriors kept the RMC Redmen under control but a good defensive effort by Corrie in goal prevented Waterloo from scoring any more. Yet within the last ten minutes of the first half the Warriors exploded for three goals to put the game away. Luigi Circelli carried the ball into the penalty area and took a shot which hit a defender and eluded the goalie, putting Waterloo ahead 3-O. For the fourth Warrior goal, Zenon Moszora took a corner kick from the left side and watched his shot arc into the top right corner of the net. Jason Miller closed out the scoring in the half when he picked

The Soccer Warriors head into their final weekend of play in good position to end in either first or second place. A win Saturday against Trent and defeat of York on Sunday will ensure post season action for the soccer team. In the new league set-up this year, the first and second place teams playoff to determine the OUAA league winner and the victors will travel to Victoria B.C. to play in the Canadian finals. This is the goal the Soccer Warriors have set for themselves and helped themselves with a win and a tie in last weekend’s action. The team travelled to Kingston and faced RMC on a cool, windy Saturday afternoon. The Warriors humiliated the military men by a score of 7-2. Waterloo took advantage of the wind and took the play to RMC for most of the half. Tom Dabrowski helped start the action when he carried the ball down right wing and slipped a pass through to Luigi Circelli whose hard drive was blocked by the RMC goalie, Corrie. RMC’s Birlas came right back a minute later on a play similar to the I

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up a loose ball in the RMC end and had his shot deflect off a defender and roll into the corner. The Warriors went into the dressing room at half time leading 5-O. In the second half, Waterloo continued to control the play but the wind was against them and caused the Warriors some problems. For the first twenty minutes of the half play was fairly even as both teams exchanged shots on goal. RMC got a break in the 67th minute when a pass which was being sent through to an offside forward was touched by a Warrior defender putting the attacker on side. He ran all alone down the left side and passed the ball out of the reach of Warrior goalie Tony Carreira in front to Bill Armchuk who pushed the ball into the net. The Warriors came back four minutes later to score when Brian Filion boomed a drive from 25 yards out which rose into the top right corner. But RMC’s Bob Lauwrie got a lucky goal right from the kickoff when his long shot caught Waterloo’s Tony Carreira out of position and with the gusty wind, the ball went over his head and into the net. RMC just wasn’t in the game after that as Waterloo continually pressured the Redmen. The Warriors closed out the game’s scoring late in the match as a result of a free kick in RMC’s end. From about 25 yards out Tom Dabrowski heeled the ball back to Dave Grundy whose shot caught Corrie of RMC going the wrong way and went over the defender’s wall into the left side of the net. Waterloo had defeated RMC 7-2 and were looking forward to the encounter the next day with Queen’s.

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The Warriors took on the Gaels of Queen’s last Sunday and tied them l-l. The weather was again cool, but there was only a slight breeze accompanied by a slight drizzle. This made the already poor playing surface even worse. But despite the feeble conditions, Waterloo performed admirably and outplayed the Gaels most of the game. The play was fairly even during most of the first half as both teams tested one another. Both goalies, Marcus Klein for Waterloo and Blair Hawkins for Queen’s, played well in spite of the field conditions. But towards the end of the half, Waterloo began to control the midfield play more and started to take the game to Queen’s. The best scoring chance of the half came on a cross by Waterloo’s Luigi Circelli from the left comer. Brian Filion headed the ball just over the Queen’s goal. The half ended in a scoreless tie. Queen’s was tiring during the second half as Waterloo once again carried the majority of the play to Queen’s by continually winning most of the head balls. But the Gaels’ played a style in which they pack their defense and hope for a break. Yet for the greater part of the second half, Queen’s was fortunate to not be trailing the Warriors as only Hawkins in the Gaels’ net kept them even. Waterloo’s Tom Dabrows’ki had a chance in front of the Queen’s goal but his shot went over the crossbar. Zenon Moszora headed a cross ball from a comer kick taken by Mike Mohan for what looked like a goal but Hawkins dived over in time to steer the ball away.

ATHLETES FOOT

October

Queen’s did get their break with about fifteen minutes remaining when Jim Monaghan got a breakaway through a Warrior defense caught up field and scored to put Queen’s in front 1-O. It seemed at the moment that Waterloo’s chances for a playoff spot had just left. But a minute later the game changed right around again Queen’s was penalized about 40 yards from the goal on a hand ball. Brian Filion crossed the ball and after several Warriors and a Queen’s defender missed it, Gerry Williams took a shot from the 8 yard line which hit the left post and bounced off the sprawling Queen’s goalie into the net to tie the score. The last 10 minutes was all Waterloo’s as they pressed for the winning goal, but Blair Hawkins of Queen’s turned all the Warriors’ shots back and the game ended in a l-l tie. The Warriors play their two remaining league games this weekend at Seagram Stadium, Saturday at 290 pm against Trent and Sunday at 2:00 pm against York. The team would like to have your support so come on out and cheer on the Soccer team in what will be important games if the team wants a playoff position. The team is playing very well together so the games should be well worth the effort. See you there . -jason

miller

Ski club meeting The University of Waterloo Ski Club is holding a general meeting with a cash bar on Tuesday, Oct. 28, from 7 pm. to 1 am. in MC5136. O-W Sports will be there with some of this years new fashions and cross-country ski equipment. Some experts will also be there who can help you pick out the right equipment. Films will also be shown and trip schedules will be dispensed for both downhill and cross-country. REMEMBER-The Ski Club is socially oriented so come out, see what’s coming up, and have lots of fun!

Men’s Varsity Badminton Tryouts for the men’s varsity badminton team will take place during the week of October 27th. The gymnasium schedule is posted throughout the PAC building. Refer to it for the starting day and time. The badminton team carries 5 team members throughout their OUAA and Invitational schedule. If there are any problems please contact Judy McCrae, PAC, Extension 3663.

Women’s Varsity Curling An organizational meeting for those interested in the women’s varsity curling team will be held Monday, October 27th at 7:30 p.m. at the PAC. Meet in Room 1OOlB (kitty-corner to the women’s tote room.) If there are any problems please contact Judy McCrae, PAC, Extension 3663.

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October

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24, 1975

Y Saturday, October 18, the Warriors and Trojans played R.M.C. at R.M.C. The Waterloo teams lost both games by a scant three-point margin, 6-3 and 3-O. The two losses make it nearly impossible for either team to make the November 8 O.U.A.A. championships. The Warriors have now lost three games to York, U. of T. and R.M.C. while the Trojans have dropped two, one to Guelph and one to R.M.C. The Warriors began the game under protest as the R.M.C. field was not clearly marked which violates O.U.A.A. rules. Despite the lack of marking, the Warriors took to the field. The game was a physical contest from the fiist to the last whistle. The Waterloo pack dominated most of the game, consistently winning the ball from set pieces and driving over R.M.C. in the loose. The first half saw the Warriors drive within R.M.C.‘s 25 six times. R.M.C. scored the game’s first and only try at the twenty minute mark in the first half. Their standoff picked up a bobbling ball from a set strum on the Warrior 45. He ran to the open side and with a brilliant one man effort, he carried the ball in. The Warriors responded with a three point penalty kick awarded to them on the R.M.C. 35 yard line, when an R.M.C. player failed to release the ball after a tackle. Watson kicked the ball through the uprights. The second half was scoreless, a

tribute to the forwards of both teams. Waterloo did dominate the half running the ball down to the R.M.C. one yard line on three separate occasions, but somehow they failed to carry it over the touch line. R.M.C.‘s greatest defense seemed to be the referee’s whistle, as Waterloo’s goal line drives in‘evitably ended in a penalty call against the Warriors. A number of times questionable calls by the referee saved the Redmen from Waterloo tries. One of the Warrior’s most impressive drives spearheaded by Waterloo winger Jon Issac’s 50-yard run ended in a penalty awarded Issacs for holding the ball after a tackle. The referee, who was 25 yards behind Issacs, was in position to see the ball as it was released . Another call saw pack leader Ken Brown ejected from the game for rough play. It was a turn-around of the Issacs’ play, the difference being Brown was first to the ball and trying to heel it back while an offside Redman cradled it on the ground, making no effort to get away from the ball or onside. Two other Warrior players, Wip Watson and Mike Hazel1 were given referee warnings for “tackling too hard”, and “running too hard into a ruck’ ’ . The Warriors are a physical team with powerful forwards. It is unfortunate they were not permitted to play their normal game. The referee seemed unable

Intramural Playoffs Fo; the past few weeks both the men’s flag football and soccer leagues have been going strong. Now the critical time of the season is upon all those interested, that being playoffs and championships. All the playoff games for both activities get under way this Saturday, October 25 at 9:30 a.m. It is imperative that all eligible teams at the Inpick up the “draw” tramural office (2040) by 4:00 today. In flag football, all the teams in League A advance to playoffs while the top three from League B advance also. In soccer, the top eight teams from League A advance to playoffs along with the top four teams from League B. As for championship rounds, they are scheduled to take place at Seagram’s Stadium as follows: Monday League A & B Soccer consolation 7:00 p.m. Tuesday League A & B Flag Football semi-finals 7:00 p.m. Wednesday League A & B Soccer championship 7:00 p.m. Thursday League A & B Flag Football championship 7:00 p.m.

Fryer and Townson Standings With the intramural competitive program at the half way point of the season, some stats have been compiled and analyzed regarding the standings of different units. In the Fryer competition, St. Jeromes is well ahead of other units with a total of 102 points. Their closest contender is the Grads with 41 points while Math is next with 33 points. The story on the Townson points is somewhat the same. Again, St. Jeromes is in the lead with 74 points. However, Math is closing in quickly with 30 points followed by Engineering with 19 points. The standings will be updated again near the end of term as there are still some events that will have to be considered. Sunday afternoon saw the begin-

to distinguish between hard, physical play and malicious play. The Warriors have no reason to be ashamed of their loss as it was the best game that their pack has played to date. Carson Paine and Ken Brown were better than ever in the line outs; the front row Steffler, Nye, and McCutcheon outpowered R.M.C.‘s, who are reputed

to be the best in the league; Kink Oleniuk, screw-half, plays a strong game releasing the ball quickly to the wing. Heavy winds and heavy Waterloo pressure accounted for a great deal of R.M.C.‘s kicking and fullback Mitch Hammer, with wingers Issacs and Todd Girdwaan covered the ball magnificently.

For the 4th time in the past 7 years, the Waterloo Warriors golf team have won the O.U.A.A. golf championship, which was held this year at the National Club in Woodbridge, Ontario. Host pro, Al Balding, set up the par 71 course so that it would be very difficult as evidenced by the scores. During two days of play, just 5 of 40 top University golfers managed to shoot in the 70’s. Led by Don McLean who had a two-day score of 166 (84-82), the Warriors were the only team in the 8-team tournament to have all 5 players in the 80’s bot .h days. Captain Fred Wilder and St. Clair College transfer, Ric Haynes had scores of 167, while John A&ford came in at 170 and Bob Pontin 171. The Warriors two-day total was 664 (333-331) seven shots better than University of Windsor (671). University of Toronto was third (675), Queens was fourth (683), followed by University of Guelph (685), Western Ontario (707), York (711) and Trent (73 1).

In other University competition this fall, Don McLean WOII the University of Windsor Tournament and the St. Clair College Invitational, Fred Wilder won the Western Division title and the Warhior Invitational, and Ric Haynes was tied for low score in the prestigious Carting-O’Keefe Toumament . The individual championship at the O.U.A.A. final was won by Bob Andrews of Windsor with 160 (83-77). Silver medals were won by Neal Mednick of Toronto (79-82) and Bill Stady of Guelph (82-79) *II 4/. * wirn 101 eacn. As part of Oktoberfest Sportfest, the Warriors won their own Invitational Tournament at the Conestoga Golf Club. Their team total of 268 was nine strokes better than University of Toronto who finished second and 13 strokes better than the Warrior B team who finished third. Fred Wilder (65), Ric Haynes (66) and Don McLean (67) finished

Now that the Warriors are out of league contentions, they must direct themselves to winning their remaining two games against Queens and Western, and building a winning team for the O.U.A.A. seven-aside tournament. The next Warriors Saturday at Western.

1,2,3 in the Tournament. the team scores: Waterloo

Fred Ric Don Bob

Upcoming Events Saturday,

Oct.

25-Co-ed

Swim

Meet will take place at 1:OO p.m. in the Pool (PAC) Monday, Oct. 27-Entry date for American Squash and Badminton Singles Tourneys. All entries must be turned in at the Intramural Office (PAC) early Monday. Thursday, Oct. 30-First night for the Badminton singles tournament. Play starts at 7:00 p.m. in the main gym of the PAC. Saturday, Nov. l-American Squash Tourney will get under way at 9:00 a,m. and finish around 5:00 p.m. All entrants are urged to be at the squash courts (PAC) dressed and ready to start playing right at 9:OO a.m. Free Skating starts this Thursday, October 23 at Waterloo Arena from 1:15-3:OOpm. All students, faculty and staff are invited to come and eniov this free time.

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This ends the 1975 golf season, but the Warriors will be planning their spring golf schedule with opponents such as Ohio State, Michigan, Michigan State, Miami, Tennessee and Duke. This schedule is made possible through financial assistance provided by Mr. Len Shore, a Toronto architect who designed many of the University of Waterloo buildings.

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results Challenge -ning of the Engineers Run which started at Seagrams. The cross-country course took the runner on a tour of the fields around Seagrams to Waterloo Park and then back to Seagrams. The distance covered was measured to be 3 miles but to some runners (using their initiative) the course became more along the lines of 2 and a half miles due to corners being cut. L.Lindinger from St. Pauls came out on top of the others with a decent time of 13.06 min. Second place runner was L.Cote while D.Dolson (St. Pauls) was third. St. Jeromes captured the team honours with a good effort put forth by the runners Bak, McDonald, Phelan and Sterle.

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friday,

the chevron 44

HIS CIA CODE NAME IS CONDOR. IN THE NEXT SEVENTY-TWO HOURS ALMOST EVERYONE HE TRUSTS WILLTRY TO KILL HIM.

2 SHOWS NIGHTLY 7 at 9:20 PM MATlNEE SAT. & SUN.

2 PM

It’sthe sametwo dudes from”UptownSaturdayNig but this time they’rebackwith kid dyn-o-mite!

TECHNICOLOR@ From Warner Bros.OA

Warner Communications Company

2 SHOWS MATINEE

-1

NIGHTLY 7 & 9 PM SAT. & SUN. 2 PM

Dreamland

“Dreamland” is the sardonic title of a Candian film about the Canadian film industry. It was made by the National Film Board and CBC in 1974 and came to campus via the Progressive Cultural Club last Sunday. Dreamland is a history of the industry from 1895 to 1939, but what happened then is what has shaped the industry, and thus it is a movie of great relevance. Much of the entertainment and interest of this movie comes from the use of clips from old films. The fast of which, is the entire two minute prtiduction of Kiss, the first Canadian film. Made in 1895 Kiss was exactly that-a portly lady and a mustachioed gent snuggle up to one another from behind wads of Victorian clothing and bring the historic footage to a climax with a not too succulent smack of their lips. The early films like this were first shown as breakers in Vaudeville acts. But they soon became amedia of their own to be shown in barber shops and stores. The early films were generally promotional pieces used to encourage immigration, by convincing people that Canada actually existed. But by 1908 the Canadian industry was producing short stories which were invariably loosely wound around the theme of two men in love with one woman. At that time the US ffirn industry was portraying Canadians as sex starved Quebec rapists. By 1914 there was a strong anti-US sentiment in Canada because the US had not entered the war, and that gave the Canadian Industry a boost. New studios were built at Trent and a man called Ernie Shipman returned from New York to inject some entrepreneural guile. The first film he produced “Back to God’s Country” was promoted with the slogan “nude is not rude”.

DR. ZHIVACO

Cl975.

by Dimension

Pictures,

Sat

Inc.

That was a tale of drama sex and murder with a young woman being chased across the country by a villain in RCMP clothing. The nudity was minimal but the film was a success and returned a 300 percent profit. Shipman remains in the circuit until 1926 but with much less success and from here on the industry in Canada is channelled into documentaries. Premier of Ontario, W.W. Hurst, establishes a Canadian Motion Picture Bureau to produce educational pictures. The bureau moved on to produce some fine documentaries the most notable of which were “Nanook of the North”, about an eskimo, and “The Silent Enemy”, about the life of Ojibway indians. But later the bureau yeilds to a stiffling bureaucracy and produces little of merit. While the Canadian cameramen were becoming experts at shooting fish and forest for the documentaries the Canadian story fdrn was fast withering. Two elaborate productions, “The Vikings” and “Carry On Sargent”, of around 1930’s were virtual flops, but “Dreamland” never adequately explains why. What “Dreamland” does outline well is the takeover of the Canadian film industry by US companies, and that was well underway by 1930. By then the US corporation Famous Players had a firm grip on the distribution of films in the country. It had bought over or built all the best cinemas in all the key locations across the country. So by 1930 Famous Players had a monopoly on the distribution of movies in Canada. For a film to be success it had to be aired on that network, but the network was not set up to serve the Canadian film industry. It was established to be the extension of Hollywood, to take money in through Canadian box offices for US film producers. The independent cinema owners of Canada voiced their concern about the monopoly and the Attorney General of Ontario prosecuted. But the ffirn implies very strongly that the charge was not meant to stick. The prosecution was weak, the defence was “brilliant” and Famous Players maintained its monopoly. So there was no point investing in the Canadian film industry since only Hollywood productions would get the main distributions.

l ooeoeoooooeoooeoeo~

2 SHOWS MATINEE

NIGHTLY 7 & 9 PM SAT. 81 SUN. 2 PM

24, 1975

How the US shaped our films-

Oct. 24 & 25 Fri.& 8 Pm Se

October

CLAIRE’S KNEE Oct. 26

Sun 7&9pm

FARENHW 45 I Mon-We( Oct. 27-29 8 Pm

THE DRAMA

DEPARTMENT

University of Waterloo presents

Films about Canada were made in California and showed scarlet clad mounties in the middle of the Rockies crooning to fair damsels. Meanwhile Canadian film makers were on meagre budgets producing fillers to be shown in between the Hollywood shows. And when one of Canada’s better talents, Gordon Sparling, managed to squeeze sufficient funds out of his company to produce a good film on Montreal’s night life he had difficulty getting it shown. “Rapshody in two Languages” was a very inventive film which looked twice as expensive as it actually was. But the Montreal manager in the Famous Players cinema said “who is interested in Montreal night life” and played a film about night life in Chicago. The insipid response of the Canadian Government to the US control of its industry was even condemned in the British House of Lords. The British government concerned about the loss of revenue to the US film industry legislated that a certain quota of films shown in the Commonwealth must be produced in a Commonwealth country. So Hollywood moved some of its staff and equipment up the road and set up a branch plant in Victoria. US actors and US crews, with a few token Canadians, produced shoddy little films known as “the Quota Quickies”. The British legislators blamed the Canadian government for allowing their legislation to be made into a farce. “Dreamland” is a good and an entertaining film. But for a film which throughout makes the point that, but for US intervention there was talent and potential in Canada for a healthy film industry, it becomes very weak kneed in its conelusion. The film blames “pompous bureaucrats, greedy promoters, and a Canadian public which was more interested in seeing Shirley Temple than themselves”, for the plight of the industry. It seems cleary illogical, however, to blame the Canadian people for not wanting to view something which they were never really given a chance to see. For each glimpse Canadians were given of Canada they were bombarded with Hollywood’s picture of America, Canada, and the world. Pompous bureaucrats and greedy promoters may have something to do with the problem but they are not the problem. The Canadian film industry suffers from exactly the same malaise as most industries in Canada. The problem is that the Canadian governments have allowed US companies to take control of and profit from Canada’s industry. That problem is US imperialism and “Dreamland” having outlined it should have correctly labelled it. At its next meeting the PCC will show “The Other Side of The Ledger” a ftirn on the indians view of Hudsons Bay Company, and a slide montage of the James Bay project.-Physics 145, 7:30 p.m., Sunday. -neil

LA RONDE (HANDS

MAJESTIC THEATRE

by Arthur Schnitzler a chain of lovers sleep together without intir&y, remain lonely when not alone, dissemble, and contradict themselves. . .”

‘AllVlEIIPARK SU0PRH6 QEmEa 1osgtliEU

FAIRVIEWCIWEMA rwnilE 573-890,

2 SHOWS MATINEE

NIGHTLY 7 & 9 PM SAT. & SUN. 2 PM

Oct. 28th-Nov. 1 st 8:00 p.m. Theatre of the Ark

cbcherty

AROUND)

General Admission Students & Sr. Citizens Box Office: 885-l 211 (ext.

$2.00 $1.25 2126)

FOR THE FINEST IN MOVIE ENTERTAINMENT 6 Princess Waterloo

St. W. 743-8991

friday,

October

the chevron

24, 1975

. The best works of science fiction science fiction writers as Issac have always been ones of tremendAsimov, Robert Heinlein, Arthur ous imagination and insight into our C. Clarke and many more. sutures,- and these characteristics Oddly enough‘, the authors are ye expressed in the Wilfrid Laurier not the&igim& but clone descenPlayers Guild’s current production dents which are characterized by the identical genetic constitution of “Two Ninety Bight is a Cry for \ Kelp” : their “fathers” and are involved in The play centers around the producing countless \streams of excellent- science fiction works like Kleinsinger Estate international mesearch center during the late 24th ’ their “fathers”. century, where experiments areThe clones possess dfstinctive Jeing undertaken on such famed individual personalities and as a re-

‘TWO

hijflety

‘layers’+

Eight

iS a

Cry

‘Id _in conjunction ,

tyvoc.

:&tinued from pg$2

for

/-k/p”

iS a p/a)’

with Creation

--’ *

being pr’esef7ted Two and Blizzard

by the WLU 75. 1

hhday

Frigh.y

:mfte Fair. Leather, pottery, jewellery, Wer 1etc.’ Sponsored by the Campus >entre .Board. 1Oam-4pm. Campus Mtre Great Hall.

Orchard”

Nov.

by Anton

Ch&ov-

. _ /

'- .I976

Crafts Fair. Leather, pottery, jewellery, i

silver et&. Sponsored by, Campus Centre Board. 1Oam-4pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. \ Campus .Centre Pub opens 12 noon. The Garfield Band from g-lam. $1 after 6pm. _ r Federation Flicks-Theatre of Sk& with Vincent Price. 8pm AL 116 Feds $1 Non-feds $1.59. ’

Philip Street

I-- - Double ’ Single . Large Single i

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$520.00 ’ 1 $SSO.OO \- / $640.00

meal @lank also ,available. *. , \ , Water loo Co-operative i Residence Inc. -.. 280 Ptiillip Sk Waterloo , ’ . , 884-3670 _i A. Y _ -.\, 1 -i

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be playing

It will

Dag H?mm?rskjoid

29-22 and 23-29;

The play, is a sciencefiction effort set in the 24th..centuty. this Saturday at’8:30 pnl in the WLU Theatre Auditorium.

’ C.S.M.E. Membeti are invited to a-local joint EWAPEO meeting. Guest speaker will discuss CN Tower. Further info Paul 7444852 Roy 884-0794 8pm. Holiday Inn, Hespeler. .

’

sult dramatic conflicts and circles arise.‘Intra-group pressu?es within’ the clones” daily activities are further aggravated by Isaac Asimov’s important discovery of their real purpose and eventual fate in ;th,e* experiment: He urges the group to flee with him. The rest ‘is for you to discoverfor yourselves. The play is written by aCanadian, Daniel Scott, and was originally perform-ed at Hamilton Place by Blizzard 75, a company of high school actors’ whose ages range from 15 to 20. Blizzard,75 and WLU Players Guild and some people from Creation Two, a Toronto based theatrical company have merged for this production. Creation Two has been in operation for seven years and continues, to stand behind their ultimate objective which is to “develop a style and discipline of theater based upon actors working together to serve the play rather than their own 1 ” egos.” They welcome interested people to help in all facets of their productions. The play is unique in today’s theatre in its presentat’on since the action takes place on Al e floor, e/ncompassing vast spaces and the ’ audience is seated on the stage and . the platforms. . The set is forceful and vigorous yet its siniplicify is a reflection of its __ purity and, homogeneity. The action is exciting, extremely funny in parts, shocking and- sometimes passive. In all it. is well ex%uted ’ and provides one -with an evening of some good entertainment. “Two Ninety%&@ is a Cry for. Help” will- be performed Saturday, 063: 25, at 8:30 pm in the WLU Theatre Auditorium at ‘a cost of $1;50 for students. ~ Watch for the Guild’s next production which will be ‘.‘TheCherry

ampug Centre Pub opens 12 noon. ‘he Garfield Band f ram 9-1 am. $1 after Ipm. ‘ara-legal assistance offers nonrofessional legal advice. Call 185-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: / 30-490. ’

FEDERATION OF STUDENTS UNIVER%TY OF WATERLOO c

-_ SilJDi&S &JNClL - ’ y BY-ELECTION

lterested in a--Career ‘in Bahking? ‘ame to a talk and learn the variety of lpportunities available upon graduaon. Sign-up in /Zareer Planning and ‘lacement 3:3Opq Needles Hall 1st a Ioor.

‘ .

An election wikbk h&d to fill the Renison se’at on Students’ Council jar the remainder of the 197576, -\ i=ouncil year. .% The polling station will be-located .at Renisoti COI-‘. lege and,tiill be open frbm 9:30 a.ni. to 4:30 p.m, on

Yaterloo Chri&ian ’ Fell&ship. iveryone, is welcome to come for an , iformal time of Bible study and fellowhip. 5:30pm CC 113. ~ ’ I :hamber‘Chqir. AL 6 7r9pm. Further tfo contact Alfred Kunz 2439. :hristian Science Organization. lveryone is invited to attend these reguir meetings for infomal discussions.. lum 174 7:30pm. ’ ieneral &king. Greek Students .Asociation. 8pm. Campus Centre 110. lech. Eng. Student - Faculty Night, ‘I rll Mech. Eng students welcome. Rap rith your Profs. First 20 gallons of beer re free. 8pm. Faculty Club. laha’is on campus invite staff, faculty nd students to an informal discuision . n Baha’u’llahs principles. 8pm. HH 34.

_ ,

WEDNESDAY,

, I

’

Two of Torontol’s . Hottest Groups - Oct. 27-30

SHAWNE JACKSOhi r - * _ &.,~PECTl%WM -Nov. ‘3-6

-”

OCiOBER ,29, ,I 975 /L I

Students must show their I.D. cgrds,to \ e

r c

, vote.

_-- Gary’Oattes, C.R.O. Federation of Stude’nts Note: Nominations, in Jntegrated Studies ’ 29. , \ have been extended to Oetiober \ & .-. d I\

SWEET BLlhlDNESS

-,A

’ ’

the chevron

friday,

October

24, 197

onde comes- to ‘UW faults which impede us A fascinating play will be per- ’ uncover from making any real social progformed this coming week at the r ress. Theatre of the Arts. Besides its own principles, the It is Arthur Schnitzler’s “La Ronde’ ’ . The Drama Group has play offers student performers the been very fortunate in securing chance to sink their teeth into chalpermission to produce this masterlenging roles. piece about a crumbling society A fresh approach to the play will very much like our own. be attempted by director Tom ‘Even Lord (Sir Lawrence) Olivier could not convince the owner of the play’s rights to let the National Theatre of England produce it. Since the Jeff Beck Group first “La Ronde” focuses on the sexhit these shores in 1968, North ual drives which link all citizens re- America has been a booming secgardless of station, profession or ond home for the raspy-voiced age and reaches down into the singer known as Rod Stewart. depths of our psyche, drives which The man sang with Long John ignore the moral standards that socBaldry, Julie Driscoll and Brian iety has set for itself. Auger in a band called Steampacex-Yardbird Written around the turn. of the ket before joining century, it was first produced in guitarist Jeff Beck. Ron Wood, veteran guitarist for Germany. The play was heavily attwo almost-great British bands, tacked as being pornographic, immoral, and just plain perverted. The Birds and Creation, was drafted as Beck’s bassist. This is a natural reaction, of When that incarnation of the course, from a society that could not handle its own sexual inconsisBeck band folded, Stewart and Wood joined the band that Steve tencies and tried to suppress deMarriott had just left to form Humviates. They veiled promiscuous extra-curricular activity with a ble Pie, The Small Faces. Because puritanical “norm” which all Stewart and Wood were both much larger than the rest, the qualifier “ladies and gentlemen” followed r ’ without question. was dropped and the band was Similarly, the play can electrify a known simply as The Faces: The string of hit singles which contemporary audience in its realistic view of social decay. It il- followed from the band, and lustrates problems that force us to Stewart’s solo efforts, (‘ ‘Maggie look far deeper into ourselves to May”, “Stay With Me”, “You

Bentley-Fisher, the newest add] tion to the drama division. The first performance will b Tuesday evening Oct. 28 at 8:O p.m. and it will run until Nov. 1 Tickets and information are avails ‘ble at the Central Box Office in th Modern Languages Building. -rnyles keste

aces in Canada

Oratige juice. Friendly by nature. The famous sunny flavour of white Bacardi rum, smiling through the breezy freshness qf orange juice. Come to think of it, what could be more natural? BACARDI rum. ;upervision iademarks

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Wear It Well’ ’ , “I’m Losing You” etc.) has recently seen a new add; tion, a number one hit single in Br tain called “Sailing”, taken fror Stewart’s latest solo album, “Al lantic Crossing’ ’ . Meanwhile, Ron Wood used recent break in The Faces schedule to fill Mick Taylor’s spc in the 1975 Rolling Stones Tour C The Americas, elevating the guita star yet another notch. Between hi stints with the Stones and Th Faces, Wood has also found time t record two solo albums using a ste lar cast of British and America sidemen to round out the sound. Rod Stewart and The Faces featuring Ron Wood, will be aI pearing at Toronto’s Maple Le; Gardens on October 27th, and E Ottawa’s Civic Centre. Tickets fc Rod Stewart and The Faces’ Tc ronto show are priced at $5.5C $6.60 and $7.70 and will be avail; ble at the following ticket outlet5 The Bay Ticket Office, Eatom Simpsons, Round Records Salsberg’s, The Arcade, Moodiet and Marmac Jewelers.

Why buy new, when you can get used f umiture for less than l/2 the price.

One visit will convince you. & OND F TURE MART 884-2600 355 Et-b St. W. Maple Hill Plaza Waterloo

’

friday,

October

Murray

McLauchlan

the chevron

24, 1975

entertained

the folks in the Humanities

Murray and friends concert On Wednesday, October 22, Murray McLauchIan and Dan Hill performed two concerts in the Humanities Theatre. I attended the first show and was delighted to hear some of the finest folk, country and rock music that I have ever heard. , Often throughout I found myself so engrossed in the simple, but powerful music that I forgot my surroundings and became completely focussed on the flow of the music. Performers such as these, who have next to no stage theatrics, tend to create in the listener that mood of contemplation, when the listener finds himself locked in a chair in a theatre, in these circumstances. Dan Hill opened the show to a relatively small audience, though it grew in size as the first performance carried on. Dan is a folk musician who has found his place in simplicity of music and ideas. He walks on stage, bare footed, presenting only his dialogue, his vocals and his guitar. He has been touring with Murray in western Canada for the past little while and his introduction of the show makes for a more complete atmosphere of this style of music. Dan introduced some of his songs giving a fairly complete background, while others simply lead without introduction from the one before. Most of the songs that he played were based on, or sparked from, experiences that he has had during his life growing up and his life as a musician. He is one of those sensitive people who can be sparked into creativity by one situ-

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Theatre on Wednesday

ation, at any point in time. His subjects ranged from “Growing Up In The Shadow Of The USA” to a ballad about Canada, people here and life as he has known it. Dan sang songs of young people growing up, and of himself falling in love. He even told us about the schizophrenic aspects of modern religion. To me, in the end though, what he really wanted to tell were his views about himself and his music. For instance he had written a tune to the RCA record company protesting the way that they tried to mold his music into their “winning” formula. He cannot be someone else’s musician, even if it means poverty. Before his encore and the end of his set Dan told us in a song, “Don’t let this crazy world make a jukebox out of me. Just let the songs blow in strong and naturally.” Dan Hill is a clean and honest musician. To listen to him play and sing is a refreshing experience. Murray McLaughIan came on stage for his annual concert, with himself (his guitar, harp and piano), Ben Mink (electric fiddle and mandolin) and Dennis Pendreth (bass and backup vocals). The three men made a tight team for Murray’s country, rock and ballad tunes. They played a combination of new songs, old hits, and recent “smash hit singles. ’ ’ For instance he played such old greats as “The Queen of Twenty First Street”-, “Let Your Hair Hang Low”, and “Sweeping The Spotlight Away”. His recent popular tunes included “Farmer’s Song” and “Down By The Henry Moore’ ’ . These were songs that even the person who was least acquainted with Murray McLaughlan’s songs would recognize .

night.

photo by harry strothaid

He is also an artist who is very sensitive to people, and his friends. A couple of the songs that the band played took this theme. For instance “Met You At The Bottom” referred to an alcoholic friend of Murray’s and his second encore, “Cryin’ To Me”, was in honour of a dear friend who had just divorced his wife. It was a beautiful piano ballad which gradually built up to a smooth but powerful climax to the whole show. McLaughlan writes about life in a simple way. His music also follows this form. The concert showed us clean well performed tunes, which varied as far as can be achieved within Murray’s country style of music. We heard pure country tunes, vocal ballads, piano based tunes, rocking tunes, folk songs, jiving songs and so on. The concert covered the complete range of Murray McLaughlan’s music. The individual musicians spoke well of themselves, through their instruments; whether it was the strong harp playing or the clean fiddle sound. Murray’s guitar work was sounding better than ever, more confident; and his stage presence showed this also. His dialogue to the audience was good, and one knew that he was enjoying the evening. I wondered, at one point though, whether his comment of “I don’t know how you feel about it but sometimes up here I feel like an asshole” was really meant; or whether it was just meant for dramatic effect. Anyway, the audience enjoyed the show; the performers seemed to enjoy the show, and I hope that the second concert was as good as the first. --bill

mccrea

El P%tis Cafeteria Open Daily 9:30-6 pm Thursday & Friday 9:30-9:30 Clssed Sundays

Roast beef on a bun Oktdberfest sausage on a tjun

Preceding Mclauchlan was folk artist Dan Hill, a musician whose strength seems to lie in his simplicity. photo by harry strothard

ATTENTION CO-OP STUDENTS THE

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friday,

the chevron

“White

collar”

vs production

puter worker as professional “For the highly skilled workers, . . . the dominant contradiction is between the active essence, the technical initiative required in their work, and the condition of passive performers to which the hierarchy of the enterprise nevertheless still condemns them. Responsible for his work, he is not master of the conditions under which he carries it out. The company which hires him requires of him both creativity in the execution of his task and passive, disciplined submission to the orders and standards handed down by management.” Larry Garner wrote an article for the journal “Science for the People”, which relates the previous quote by Andre Corz to the situation of computer workers.

The question of where to situate technical workers in the class structure focuses on the debate over their relationship to blue-collar production workers. Are the interests of technical workers linked to those of wage workers in general? Or to those of management and capital? Or rather do they, together with all other salaried, white-collar workers, constitute an intermediate class between blue-collar production workers and the owners? Much of non-Marxist sociology has insisted on the differences which separate white-collar workers from production workers. lts dominant theme has been that the mentality or “value system” of white-collar workers sets them off from production workers; while their income, and even their work conditions, may be closer to that of blue-collar workers, their perception of their social status leads them to identify with management. On the other hand, certain currents in Marxist sociology have insisted that whitecollar workers comprise a “middle-class” distinct from both the working class and the capitalist class. Laborers of this kind do not belong to the working class because they do not exchange their labor with capital but rather with revenue. To the extent that their labor does not augment capital they do not belong to the category of productive laborers. The concept of a middle-class was subsequently extended to all those who enter into the capitalist’s employ and perform services which, at an earlier time, would have been performed by the capitalist him/herself. The fact that these laborers appear to be substituting for the capitalist in many of his/her functions and that they do not bring about a direct transformation of a tangible object in their work, has led to the conclusion that they, like the “service class,” do not add any value to the product produced. Since they do not produce surplus value but only “contribute to its realization,” these laborers must also derive their income from revenue, i .e. from the surplus produced by other productive workers. Hence the intermediate, ambiguous position of this class of laborers: on the one hand, it must sell its labor in order to live, just like the working class; on the other hand, it benefits from the surplus value extracted from the labor of the working class, just like the capitalist class. With the concept of the “collective worker,” Marx recognized the possibility that the process of production could reach such a point of complex interdependency of tasks that no single laborer would be able to produce surplus value without entering into a broad-scaled collective process. As the co-operative character of the labour-process becomes more and more marked, so, as a necessary consequence, does our notion of productive labour, and of its agent the productive labourer, become extended. In order to labour productively, it is no longer necessary for you to do manual work yourself; enough if you are an organ of the collective labourer, and perform one of its subordinate functions. -Marx states that an expanded concept of productive labor included “those who contribute in one way or another to the production of the commodity, from the actual operative to the manager or engineer (as distinct from the capitalist.)” In other words, the concept of the working class is extended implicitly to all those who

contribute “useful labor” to the totality of the process of production of goods. Among those who concur in the view that technical and clerical workers belong to the working class there are two divergent stances. One side considers the inclusion of these laborers within the working class to be substantiated by an increasing “proletarianization” of their work conditions: the repetitiveness, fragmentation, and regulated pace of the work process. The interests and demands of these workers will tend increasingly to resemble those of traditional assembly-line workers: shorter hours and higher pay. The other side focuses on certain developments in the work conditions of technical workers which makes these workers a distinct, perhaps even a vanguard, stratum of the working class. For these workers the principal demands center around the lack of power over their own work conditions (a concern that harkens back to the demands of the earlier craft and artisan workers.) Under the conditions of automated industry the workers’ intervention is increasingly relegated to the beginning and the end of the work process: on the one hand, during the initial stages, the preparation and organization of the production process, calling forth creative intellectual energies; on the other hand, in the final stages, the checking and supervision of the machinery. They are led to develop a sense of mastery over their own labor power, and this provokes a resentment against its alienation under capitalism into an inert thing over which they have no control. Demands for full control over the use of their creative abilities in the work process come to the fore. The heavy capital investments upon which these industries are based means that much of their revenues nust be directed towards the amortization of their debts. This puts a high premium on the maximum utilization of the machinery without interruption. As a consequence, the workers must be “integrated” into the firm in order to assure that their performance will be regular and predictable. Their salary cannot be based on individual performance (too variable) but on the.mass sum of personnel expenditures which the firm has planned for and which are distributed to individuals on the basis of their work roles. Their professional training is specially adapted to the nature of the machinery which the firm uses. Their professional careers are mapped out for them in a series of gradations which induces workers with experience not to seek employment elsewhere, thereby guaranteeing a stable work force. Thus, the workers’ sense of identification with the firm’s undertaking is increased, but ’ their ability to give direction to it is constantly being undercut by the criteria of short-term profitability which management adopts. They find that their abilities are being used in an unproductive, stultifying fashion and struggle against it; while management, in order to reassert its authority, attempts to fragment the work process in such a manner that the producer is reduced to the state of a passive object.

Computer workers: their work conditions The high installation rapid rate dictate the

capital investment entailed in the of computer equipment and the of obsolescence of the hardware need for maximum utilization of the machinerv -during its life span.

The worker finds that his/her work routine is increasingly subordinated to the requirements of the machine. When Rolls Royce computerized the operations performed by many of its engineers and designers it attemnted to impose: The acceptance of shift work in order to exploit high capital equipment, the acceptance of work measurement techniques, the division of work into basic elements, and the setting of times for these elements, such . time to be compared with actual performance. 1

The computerization of certain operations has placed a premium on synchronizing the various processes entering into the work flow; the maximum efficient use of the machinery demands that each element of the work process be prepared for its insertion at precisely the correct moment. This synchronization entails the fragmentation of the work process into measurable acts. One of the main sources of feelings of superiority which office workers sense vis-a-vis production workers -viz., the conviction that their work required an individual touch which could not be paced and timed-goes by the board with the computerization of the office. The rationalization and standardization brought about by computerization deflates the office workers’ claims for special status recognition. With the elimination of that small area of discretionary self-discipline which had been accorded to the precomputer office worker, the workers come to feel like ordinary proletarians.

One American study reports the effects of the change-over to computers on the workers’ morale in a government office: Budget analysts who formerly did a complete job of preparing forecasts were reduced to almost blindly placing numbers in certain blocks on preprinted forms . . .What was formerly a dedicated team effort of proud and enthusiastic employees supplying management with valuable reports, changed to a highly automated, dull, and repetitious activity. Relations between the computer staff and other employees in an office are often strained because of the position of power seen to be occupied by the former (at least by programmers and analysts). To have control over the flow of information -- is to have the power to determine the

October

24, 1975

sequence, pace, and methods of work of others. This power easily becomes a cause for resentment on the part of the noncomputer office staff, impeding the possibility of concerted worker action. Salary differentials are likely to reflect this greater marketability of computer workers, but so too are the more visible prerequisites of their position. Set off from other office workers, computer staffs are often located in a place which is distinguished by its better lighting, better air-conditioning, and more sophisticated equipment. Comments such as, “the company treats its machines better than its staff,” are often a veiled expression of the conflict that exists between the “old staff’ and the “new staff.” Computer programmers and analysts find themselves in a relatively unique position in relation to management. On the one hand, they possess knowledge and skills which usually go beyond the ken of their supervisors and beyond the latter’s capacity to establish hard-and-fast performance criteria. On the other hand, they are employees and therefore subject to the hierarchical organization of authority which the company imposes on all of its employees. The fact that it is often difficult to judge whether a given program has been written well or poorly means that programmers/analysts retain a measure of control over their labor which threatens management’s structure of coinmand. Management has instituted “professionalism” in order to reintegrate programmers/analysts into the hierarchical structure of the firm -- and to re-establish their

subordinate position. Professionalism has been defined in terms of “universal job descriptions and standards, formulated, of course, by personnel managers; common training programs; and a common certification process .” Licensing in this instance is to be under the aegis of organizations controlled by employers; and the standardization of job descriptions is to serve the purpose of allowing management to set its own criteria for the efficient performance of programming jobs. In addition, the tasks of programming and systems planning are to be fragmented into the discrete elements of the process, and to each element is to be assigned ajob title in a hierarchical social order. By breaking down the work process in this manner management can monitor the performance of workers more readily, and the workers will be more inclined to discipline themselves in order not to jeopardize their continued

on pg. 25

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October

continued

from

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24, 1975

pg. 24

movement up the career ladder. Through “professionalization,” therefore, management attempts to reassert its control over the labor of programmers and analysts.

Computer workers: prospects for unionization Market ~conditions have disinclined programmers and operators from unionization and, distinct strategies evolved by management have also had their effect. We have already mentioned the significance of the professionalism campaign as a means of ensuring that the worker will be not just expertly trained but also politically “reliable. ” Promotion of professionalism serves the purpose also of dividing the ranks of the workers. Certain categories of workers are elevated to the statusof “professionwhile others remain merely clerical als,” staff, a seemingly unbridgeable gulf separates the interests of the two groups. Furthermore, the entire thrust of the professionalism campaign is to fragment the ranks of the “professionals” themselves. To be a professional, in this managerial meaning of the term, is to establish a personal relationship with one’s employer based on mutual trust. The employer is to treat the employee-professional “as an individual”, and in return he is to be rewarded with the personal loyalty and devotion of the employee-professional. By such marks of individual distinction as job titles and merit ratings management recognizes the individual achievements of its employee-professionals. Since the relationship between management and the professional presumes to take into account the personal qualities and accomplishments of the latter, the worker is led to assume that only the slacker would stand to benefit by becoming part of an undifferentiated collective (union) category. However, there exist forces working to counteract the individualistic ideology propagated by management. The skill upon which the programmer bases his/her claim to professional status is increasingly being debased by the introduction of “canned programs”, particularly in medium to large-scale programming operations. These programs represent ‘ ‘pre-written solutions designed for problems which, while not identical, are similar in their basic features.” The upshot is to provide management with

Scientific

a steady supply of labor and with cheaper labor costs, as a result of the lower level of skills necessary to perform programming tasks. These deskilled “applications programmers” find their work routine to be regimented in a way inconsistent with their supposed professional status (‘ ‘fixed hours, short hair, ties, measureable performance”). Under such circumstances, the programmer’s vaunted professionalism reduces itself to the “possession and acquisition of particular information, a knowledge of particular instruments and techniques;” it has little to do anymore with the traditional concept of a professional’s working ability: the “general capacity to confront a problem and resolve it.” The “applications programmer’s” kind of “professionalism” does not generate cumulative, expert “experience,” but instead becomes obsolete with a change in technology. A study of “black-coated workers” by David Lockwood has shown that unionization among white-collar workers increases to the degree that “bureaucratization” of the work place engenders “blocked mobility” and standardized working conditions . Bureaucratization in this sense entails rules which regulation by “impersonal strictly exclude all forms of personal considerations between employer and clerk.” If “canned programming” becomes widespread in the computer industry, it may have this “ proletarianizing’ ’ effect, dispelling the ideological force of professionalism. However, even for those computer workers, such as systems analysts, who appear to continue to enjoy the special personal relationship with management and the discretionary self-pacing characteristic of the “proanother force seems to be movfessional”, ing them in the direction of collective bargaining. Recent signs indicate that the favorable labor-market conditions which had made individual bargaining so attractive are disappearing. One study, completed in late 1972, gave the following break-down on the employment situation: 560,000 programmers and systems analysts currently employed; 170,000 new programmers and systems analysts entering the job market each year; 7 1,000 new jobs opening up in programming and systems analysis each year. These employment conditions increase the importance

of job security, and call forth the need for collective action to circumscribe the authority of management. The one major attempt in the U.S. to organize computer workers as computer workers (rather than as a secondary element in a larger bargaining unit) did not meet with much success. In December 1970, the Committee to Plan a Computer Union met in New York to mapout a strategy. The objective was to form an industry-wide, all-inclusive union which would span the gap between professionals (programmers/analysts/operators) and non-professionals (key-punch operators / tape-handlers). The major thrust of the union was to be in the areas of job security, job mobility, and “democracy in the workplace.” Some of the individuals associated with this effort had scored an earlier success when they forced the reinstatement of six programmers who had been fiied from their work at Codon Corp. (Waltham, Mass .) for organizing efforts centered around opposi-

tion to the introduction of war-related work and the full disclosure of information on salary scales. By November, 197 1, however, one of the CPCU’s activists had to admit failure in the democratizing-unionizing effort, ascribing it to the fact that most computer workers held values which prevented them from seeing “the meaninglessness of the work they are doing.” He had to avow that “to attempt to talk to people about the issue of doing socially useful work really amounts to telling them to leave (their) jobs, . . .” since “‘good”’ jobs (i.e., socially useful ones) were always marginal in number in the computer industry. This statement is tantamount to an admission that much of the CPCU’s thrust presupposed the existence of the radical consciousness which it was the task of the union to create in the first place -a consciousness which could take shape only through a process of struggle opposing the interests of management/capital to those of labor, rather than through an intuitional recognition of the “meaninglessness” of one’s work.

research as a social activity

The following article appeared in the journal, “Science for the People”. The author, john Stewart, invites readers to suggest what can be done by progressive scientists today to tackle some of the causes of scientists’ alienation from their day-to-day work. He does not believe that a radical transformation in the practice of science should wait until the eve of a socialist revolution, but does suggest that such a revolution will be essential for a full transformation: A transformation of the nature of science must take p/ace not on/y for the scientists’ sakes but for the benefit of society. The value system and, as a result, the activities of people who engage in scientific work, will make a strong impact on the -science community which will eventually make it an important tool for the betterment of a// people.

Science and politics are intimately related. Scientific research is a social activity which fulfills a social and political function. Yet, a great many people, including the overwhelming majority of scientists themselves, consider that science is a value-free and apolitical activity. Science is the basis of our industrial civilization. It is responsible for instruments of war of immense power. Without it our lives would be unimaginably different. The effects of science-based technology on the lives of everyone in the world are so enormous that the social and hence political nature of science should be obvious. The Official View of Science The official picture of science is that of a continual interplay between fact and hypothesis. The function of hypothesis is firstly to account for a number of observed facts and secondly to predict some new facts. If the predictions are borne out by subsequent observation, the hypothesis is provisionally accepted, and will be tested further by extending it and/or rendering it more precise, hence leading to new predictions. If the predictions are not borne out, the

hypothesis must be either abandoned in favor of an alternative or, more usually, modified to render it consistent with all the facts. Hidden Values of This View Before concluding that this process is really value-free, however, there are a number of points to be raised. Scientists do not treat all facts alike; although, they profess a great respect for facts and objectivity. They select for study those facts which fit into their hypothesis by either confiiming or contradicting it. They ignore all other facts as irrelevant and indeed they could not do otherwise if “the scientific method” is to function. ’ Nor are scientists interested equally in all hypotheses or fields of inquiry. They value only “testable” hypotheses, i.e., only hypotheses which function well in “the scientific method” by providing specific predictions which are open to factual verification. The role of prediction in this picture also expresses values, particularly the value of control. The Political Nature of Science Science is not neutral. It has both political and personal implications. Prediction gives control to the few who have the means and takes it from the many who don’t have access to the reins of technology. Life in a society with a sciencebased technology has been made so complicated that it seems impossible for any one person to understand it. This madness is officially made palatable for ordinary people by the argument that experts deal only with technical matters that the rest of us don’t need to know about in detail. This is adding insult to injury. Not only do we live in a situation where crucial decisions over our lives are inaccessible to us, but on top of that we have the smokescreen and truly Kafkaesque confusion that technology unfolds without any decisions being made. Applying “the scientific method” to the study of social phenomena, we see the aim of

a scientific investigation is to render the phenomena predictable within the framework of so-called, objective observation. Objective observation selects the status quo as the norm and attempts to predict why such non-normative behavior as crime, madness, riots, counterculture and ‘ ‘third” political parties occur. The purpose of this prediction is again to control these phenomena, even to prevent their appearance. Personal Implications Beyond the Political The official view of science, whether pure, technological or social, aims to leave prediction and control in the hands of the ruling class. It is not for the ordinary person to assume this role. The result is that science mystifies the world we live in, alienating people from their environment and themselves. This is the alienation felt by every ordinary person with respect to science: it is too complicated for any one person to understand. Indeed, it is difficult for anyone who is not a scientist to imagine how far the process of specialization and mutual incomprehension has gone. It is ironical that one of the favorite images of apologists for science is that of a primitive savage at the mercy of an environment (weather, crops, wild animals) that he can neither understand nor control, and can relate to only in terms of superstition and gods. Supposedly the advance of science frees him from ignorance and dependence on natural forces. And yet if we look at our own situation, we are probably further from being able to control the factors that affect our lives than the so-called savage. A second face of alienation concerns the experience of the scientist, whose specialization and isolation is equally disastrous since it deprives his work of its natural raison d ‘etre .

But in addition to this social alienation, the supposedly amoral, apolitical nature of the

work has a psychological consequence for the scientist. If a scientist retains any moral, emotional or political sensibility, it is in a very uncomfortable schizophrenia with his “scientific Self ‘. But the result of existing solely at a rational, intellectual level is a gradual withering of emotional spontaneity. Furthermore, the refusal to admit the reality of political struggles leads to an aloof, detached liberalism which serves only to mask total complicity with the status quo. In this way the scientist becomes systematically dehumanized-a process which is reflected in the impersonal, hierarchial relationships which generally exist in scientific laboratories. The overall result is a vague alienation-which is difficult to grasp because it is so largely intemalized. In Conclusion Science is a social activity and this particular philosophy of science has been chosen and developed for social and political reasons. And indeed the attractiveness for a ruling class of a science which produces power per se is obvious. The fact that this power is considered value-free immensely increases its utility for the ruling class, since it means that no restrictions are placed on the use of this power. A radical transformation in the practice of science must take place. I do not believe that this transformation of the nature of science can or should wait until some future revolution. On the contrary, as militant blacks and women have understood, there are some changes which can and must be fought for now. This is not to deny that the socialist revolution will be essential for the full transformation. Rather, the struggle to achieve the transformation is part of a political process which will include “the revolution” and the transfer of political power. But it must start now and it will continue after “the revolution” (like the Chinese cultural revolution) if the political revolution is truly going to change our lives. What is to be done?

friday,

the chevron

The po-litics of food :

tarvation and agricultural. I revolution in Cambodia NEW YORK (LNS)-An agricultural revolution, beginning in 1970 in the liberated territory of the National United Front of Kampuchea (Cambodians’ word for their country), is now extending throughout the country, according to a report just released by the Indochina Resource Center (IRC) in Washington DC. This agricultural revolution expanded throughout Cambodia following the defeat of the Lon No1 regime in April, 1975, includes expansion of i-ice production, development of water control projects, and the mobilization of the Cambodian people into production ‘ ‘solidarity groups. ’ ’ Besides insuring self-sufficiency for the seven and one/half million Cambodians formerly dependent on 60-80 million pounds of U.S. food per month, these agricultural developments will also form the base for industrial develop-.-.-+ The carefully documented 76-page report nuts the NUFK accomplishments in stark contrast to the starvation and poverty of the masses of people under the U.S.-backed Lon No1 gover-nment. In addition, the Resource Center gives a detailed description of the evacuation of Phnom Penh, based on first hand accounts, whichdisputes the U.S. government’s widely publicized distortions of the move. 1lICIlL.

Water Control is Key While mounting the annual dry season military offensives that resulted in the April 1975 capture of Phnom Penh, the National United Front of Kampuchea (NUFK) also undertook the development of the rural areas. The NUFK was formed on March 20, 1970, two days after Lon No1 overthrew Prince Norodom Sihanouk with the help of the CIA. On May 5, 1970, the NUFK established the Royal Government of National Union of Cambodia (RGNUC) which is now the formal governing authority of Cambodia. In a country where monsoon rains can wash out entire crops and the parched dry season transforms river beds into cracked mud, effective water control is key, and that is where the NUFK has focused much of its I energy. Water control programs were carried out in the NUFK zones early in the’ 1970’s and NUFK cadres worked with the national minorities in the mountainous northeastern base areas to dam streams and adopt wet rice culture. Despite intense U.S. bombing during 1973, the NUFK maintained both local organization and a basic level of production. As a result, when the bombing ceased, they were able to resume the water conservancy expansion. Under the slogan “rely on the people and not on heaven” hundreds of thousands of people around the country built dams and dikes, resevoirs and ponds, canals and ditches. NUFK Vice Chairman Khieu Samphan announced in 1974 that following the “victorious struggle to harness water. . . two rice harvests per year have been generalized and the number of regions that are able to get in three harvests a year is on the increase.” Thus in 1974, despite war, the first widespread dry season rice harvest occurred in Cambodia in nearly 600 years. A clear measure of the NUFK’s agricultural accomplishments is the fact that during the five years of war, the NUFK fed its own armed forces as well as the population of the liberated zone (which comprised the majority of Cambodia’s people), and the many refugees who came to the liberated zone from Lon Nol’s enclaves. And still there was enough rice left over to trade with Saigon soldiers for arms and ammunition. And unlike the Lon No1 government, the NUFK received no outside economic aid and limited military aid, the Center reports.

Peasants Mobilized Why was the NUFK able to make such technical advancements and the Lon No1 regime was not. 9 The Government of the Khmer Republic-GKR-did only what it had to to stay in power and maintain its life of unprecedented luxury. Corruption flourished under Lon No1 as it never had before. While the masses of people in the cities and the GKR zones found little employment or source of income, a growing military and civilian elite developed whose economic base rested on massive aid from the United States. Of the GKR’s domestic revenues in 1974, 95.1% came from U.S. assistance. The primary source of wealth for the Cambodia military elite came from the ammunition, weapons, medicines and rice which were sold to merchants for resale on the black market communists and to the Cambodian and VietnameSe . The National United Front of Kampuchea, on the other hand, had a solid economic base because it was deeply rooted in the population of the countryside. The NUFK viewed the poor peasants as the ‘ ‘main force” of their movement. In the NUFK zone, resources were collectivized and apportioned rationally according to the tasks at hand. “Solidarity groups” formed the basic unit of agricultural work rather than the previous family unit. These groups worked collectively all year round, debating their options, carrying out their assignments, and then shifting to other tasks when the job at hand was done. Previously each family cultivated their small amount of land which generally took no more than half the year. The Resource Center report explains that indebtedness was eliminated and “The land of the pro-Lon No1 absentee landlords was seized and assigned to those who need it. Excess land of patriotic landowners was also given to landless or poor peasants at nominal rent. ”

The Future for Cambodia Cambodia did not suffer mass starvation in the summer of 1975 as the U.S. government would have us believe, and will not do so in 1976 either, reports the Indochina Resource Center. In fact, it is predicted that Cambodia will be exporting rice by 1977, making it one of only a half dozen food exporting countries in the world. A substantial dry season rice crop was brought in just as the NUFK assumed responsibility for Phnom Penh’s three million inhabitants. With this crop to cover the summer of 1975, another “wet season” crop was planted right before the late spring monsoon season. A new innovation was introduced this year in the coordinated planting of three varieties of rice to insure continuity of the harvests. The idea, explained Vice Premier Khieu Samphan this August, is “to grow quick and heavy rice at the same time. . .to assure the life of the people in the immediate period and for the following year.” Production of corn, green beans, bananas and livestock are also being organized in ways they never have been before. Mobilization of the peasants has resulted in the building of new types of water storage facilities that permit more widespread cultivation of these secondary foodstuffs. “It’s not an abundance,” said Khieu Samphan, “but we have been able to solve the essential problem.” Although the focus has been on rural development, the NURK is now integrating the newly liberated cities in to its overall production plan. One hundred thousand people are

now working in Phnom Penh’s industries and new workers are being trained regularly as expanded production becomes possible in other cities as well. Rubber factories at Takhmau and Chak Angre have resumed production, and textile mills have started up again at Phsar Tauch, Tuol Kauk, Chak Angre and Pchentong. As for long range development, the NUFK is currently taking inventory of all Cambodia’s resources, in particular the forests whichcover half the country, and the rubber industry, whose yield per acre before the war was the highest in the world. “After our total victory we extended to all Kampuchea the economic policy which had already been applied to our liberated zone,” said Vice Premier Ieng Sary , in his recent address before the United Nations on September 5. “This economic policy consists of considering agriculture as the base and industry as the predominant factor. Agriculture supplies the raw materials for industry, whichin turn serves to develop agriculture.” “Our objective,” Sary concluded, “is to make our country a modem agricultural and industrial country. ’ ’

The Evacuation of Phnom Penh During the war the population of Phnom Penh swelled from 600,000 to three million. Cambodia’s total population is seven and one-half million. Immediately after the liberation of the capital in April, the NUFK was able to feed and care for these people only by returning them to their homes and integrating them as productive members of the new society. “In the countryside,” reports the Resource Center, “there were not only stocks of rice prepared in advance, but secondary crops as well with which to supplement the diet of the evacuees from the city.” On the other hand, Phnom Penh had never been capable of supporting its enormous population and by the end of the war it had little food or drinking water, a disrupted transportation and communications system, a serious threat of major epidemics and a system of medical care which had virtually broken down. In the final four months of the war, the Resource Center’s report charges, 15,000 people-mostly small childrenaied from starvation in Phnom Penh, due to the failure of the U.S. and Lon No1 governments to put food relief ahead of war supplies. Contrary to the accounts in the U.S. press, the moving of people from the cities to their original homes in the countryside was

October

24, 1975

carefully planned and meticulously carried out. An elaborate system for processing and assisting the evacuees was set up, including a major reception center some miles from Phnom Penh and a second reception center in the regions where they were to be resettled. Foreign eyewitness accounts confirm that rice was distributed along the route. The groups rested often and only moved an average of two and a half miles per day. There was an organized effort to move the aged and infirm in trucks and cars, confiscated from their original owners for this purpose. And contrary to Western press reports! the hospitals were not “brutally” evacuated, but were temporarily emptied so they could be made sanitary and rehabilitated. The hospitals under Lon No1 were c harac terized as filthy and overcrowded, where patients often lay unattended in the corridors, sometimes for days at a time. Medical care had always received a low priority in the Lon Nol-U.S. policy and the Resource Center reports that the NUFK’s actions were aimed at saving lives and giving the best possible care to the sick and wounded.

U.S. Interests

In the report’s conclusion, the authors cite ‘what they see as the United States’ distortions of events in Cambodia. “By concentrating attention on alleged attrocities in postwar Cambodia, the administration sought to preclude Congressional inquiry into the policy which had suffered such ignominious defeat. “And in particular it wished to distract attention away from the American responsibility for hundreds of thousands of deaths from bombing and massive starvation in the cities. “The implications of the success of the NUFK in solving its food problems represented a threat to the whole ideological underpinnings of the U.S. foreign policy. For if the clear contrast between the NUFK and the Lon No1 regime in handling food were understood in America, the hostility of the U.S. Government towards movements for radical change in the third world would be far more difficult to maintain.” To order the report discussed in this-art; cle, “The Politics of Food: Starvation and Agricultural Revolution in Cambodia,” write to the Indochina Resource Center, 1322 18th Street N.W., Washington DC 20036.

Sihanouk at the UN: new democracy born in -Cambodia NEW YORK (LNS)-Greeted with a standing ovation, Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia addressed the United Nations General Assembly October 6 for the first time since he was ousted from power in a U.S.-backed coup d’etat in 1970.

Prince

Norodom

ited Nations

Sihanouk

general

addresses

the Un-

assembly on Oct. 6. anne dockery/photolib/lns

“A new, genuinely popular democracy and a new society have been born in CamSihanouk declared. ‘ ‘A society bodia,” without differences in fortune and other social stratification.” Sihanouk said that the foreign policy of the new Cambodian government would be one of peace and non-alignment, and that it would support the struggles of Third World Countries. He also paid tribute to the Americans who opposed U.S. involvement in Indochina. Referring to the present situation in Cambodia, he said that “the principal means of communications, the ports and airports, and the railroads are again usable.” ‘ ‘Innumerable irrigation sys terns, includ-

ing dikes, dams, reservoirs, and canals have been built by our people and army,” Sihanouk told the crowded assembly, “and there will be enough grain to feed easily the seven and a half million Cambodians.” “By the end of 1976, Cambodia will again become an exporter of grain,” Sihanouk projected, indicating that his country plans to industrialize with the money from agricultural exports. Sihanouk emphasized solidarity with Third World countries as the only protection against the “law of the strongest” and the “forces of injustice,” noting that his country’s foreign policy will support the anti-imperialist struggles of Third World countries, especially in Palestine, Korea, and in African countries still controlled by white minority governments. He rejoiced at the recent liberation of the Portuguese colonies in Africa, and expressed support for the people of Puerto Rico and Panama in their ‘ ‘struggle for national sovereignty. ” Sihanouk placed special emphasis on the United States’ refusal to allow the entry of the Viet Nams into the United Nations, mentioning the issue at the beginning and the end of his speech. Calling the refusal a “pettiness unworthy” of the American people, he said that it was in the spirit of the traditions of the American people ‘ ‘that Cambodia requests the General Assembly to struggle vigorously to overcome the sole obstacle” to the entry of north and south Viet Nam. Speaking to supporters who greeted him on his arrival at New York’s Kennedy Airport October 3, Sihanouk called the victory in Cambodia the “victory of all peace and justice loving people. ” American supporters carried a banner which read, “Long Live the Friendship of the Cambodian and American People.”

friday,

October

’

ljS responsible for starvation in Cam-bodia s George C. Hildebrand

by reprinted

the chevron

24, 1975

from the Guardian

The U.S. was responsible for the starvation deaths of at least 15,000 Cambodians-mainly small children--during the last several months of the war. This was one of the findings of a study just released to the press prior to publication by the Indochina Resource Center of Washington. The study reveals that the U.S. deliberately sent insufficient food to Phnom Penh in order to have more cargo space for munitions in an effort to prolong the war. The estimate of the number of deaths by starvation was characterized as “conservative” by one of the coauthors, Gary Porter, director of the center. The carefully documented study, “The Politics of Food: Starvation and Agricultural Revolution in Cambodia,” carries a preface by George McT. Kahin, professor of political science and specialist on Southeast Asia at Cornell University. The chief findings of the study are summarized below. In addition to revealing U.S. policies responsible for mass starvation and malnutrition, the study exposes the official U.S. . slanders of the revolutionary government, including the charge that the Cambodian people were evacuated from cities to face starvation in the countryside. The actual facts are: 0 Starvation did indeed stalk Cambodia-but only before the war’s end and mainly in the cities controlled by the U.S.-backed Lon No1 regime. l The food shortage created by U.S. policies-and not a so-called “revolutionary -was the primary reason for the fanaticism” rapid evacuation of Cambodia’s cities: l In the countryside, under the leadership of the National United Front of Cambodia (NUFK), a revolution in food production has taken place that has been totally ignored in the West. l Due to this expansion in food pro; duction there is enough food for everyone in Cambodia today, despite the influx into the countryside of 3 million people from Phnom Penh. l Finally, Cambodia’s cities have not been ‘ ‘abandoned” -industries have been reopened and are adding new workers every day. These conclusions-at total variance with the-public c haracterization of new Cambodia made by U.S. officials-are based onNUFK statements and broadcasts, interviews with people who lived in the NUFK zone, eyewitness accounts from those who saw first-hand Phnom Penh’s suffering and liberation, as well as official U.S. reports not widely circulated.

Starvation in Phnom Penh The starvation in Phnom Penh before the war’s end resulted from the puppet regime’s corruption and its inability to assert control over most of the rice-producing countryside. The U.S. tried to make up only part of Phnom Penh’s food deficit. But with a runaway inflation adequate rice consumption was beyond the means of most of the population. At the same time, Lon -No1 officials were stealing up to 50% of some rice deliveries. The effect of the rice shortage on Phnom Penh was noted in an official U.S. report released in March 1975 by the inspector general of foreign assistance. According to this report, the average weight of a two-year-old child is 26.4 pounds. In Phnom Penh by Sep-. tember 1974, Cambodian children at age two weighed an average of only 19.2 pounds and in January 1975, the figure had fallen to 17.3 pounds. Thus,, even before the the January 7 : I t

offensive cut off the Mekong River supply route, the ravages of starvation had ap-’ peared in Phnom Penh. ’ As early as October 1971 “lack of sufficient food” had been identified by the U.S. as a “serious problem” in the Phnom Penh zone. The U.S., however, channeled almost all available,aid funds into military supplies. Near the close of the war, according to Agency for International Development (AID) administrators in Phnom Penh, the city needed 1000 tons of rice a day, but USUally only 545 tons were sent in daily. The deputy director of AID, John Murphy, told ‘Congress that Phnom Penh’s population would just “get along on something less than normal.” Because the U.S. objective was to keep the war going at all costs, rice had to compete with ammunition for cargo space-and ammunition always won. Dr. Gay Alexander, former medical director of Catholic Relief Services in Phnom Penh, stated in March that “hundreds are dying of malnutrition every day.‘.’ This figure is similar to NUFK estimates of 300-400 starvation deaths daily. All told, an estimated 8000 people starved to death in March 1975 and at least 15,000 died from hunger in the last months of the war, to give only a conservative figure. On April 17, 1975, the day Phnom Penh was liberated, only an &day supply of rice remained in the city, calculating at the starvation rations of the old regime. Since the railroads were not functional and the highways bombed out, movement of sufficient food from\the countryside would have been extremely difficult. There was, however, no point in maintaining the population of Phnom Penh at its warswollen level of 3 million. Under Lon Nol, the city had ceased to be productive for a long period before liberation with the industrial sector providing work for only a tiny percentage of the people. Most of the population could produce nothing in return for food from the countryside even if there had been adequate means of delivering it. Furthermore, at least 85% of the population had come to Phnom Penh to escape the U.S. bombing and ground fighting. Another fact generally overlooked is that the U.S. was not ready to passively accept Lon Nol’s defeat. According to NUFK Deputy Premier Ieng Sary, liberation troops entering Phnom Penh discovered a Lon Nol-CIA contingency plan. The U.S. plan was based on the assumption that the NUFK would be unable to feed Phnom Penh and that this would lead to food riots in which Lon No1 agents could surface, bringing out their hidden arms. The dispersal of the population of Phnom Penh was thus a solution for meeting the people’s urgent needs and, at the same time, frustrating U.S. plots. The evacuation was carefully planned, orderly and took place over seven days, not “overnight” as was generally reported in the Western press. People assembled at points outside the city to fill out forms with their names and native places. They were provided with rice and, according to a French military officer who witnessed the exodus, stopped fi-equently for rest. A New Zealander staying in the home of an old woman after the evacuation reported that she had been driven by truck to her village. According to a New York Times account, the reaction to tie evacuation among foreigners staying in the French Embassy compound was: “What will they eat?“’ There.‘s no food in the countryside at this time of year.” These questions reflected their ignorance of life in the liberated countryside where the people ‘had just begun to harvest the dry-season rice crop, the result of the . first successful effort to expand Cambodia’s food production in 600 years. J

Rbsidence mquimments I am .a first year mathematics co-op student and am writing the chevron in response to the article entitled “Scholarship students may get preferential treatment” in the October 10th issue of the chevron. Recently, I went to the housing office to apply for residence for the Fall 1976 term. I was told that applications were being accepted however, in order to be ‘ ‘eligible” for residence, you must meet at least one of the following requirements : -i) must be seeking residence for your freshman year at the university. -ii) must be a “returning villager”. -iii) if you are a co-op student, you must be applying for a summer term. I did not meet any of the “requirements”, and so was not “eligible” for the University residences. In fact, the secretary I spoke with, felt so strongly about these “requirements’ ’ , that I was not even permitted to write an application. Perhaps chevron can check into the matter as in the article, Mr. Ron Eydt was quoted as saying: ‘ ‘People are admitted on a first come first serve basis to the student residences.” It seems there is a contradiction between what Mr. Eydt was saying and what his coworker told me. The basic response I received from the housing office can best be described by the expression,- ‘ ‘ For non-first year Co-op students at the University of Waterloo THIS IS THE LAW!” Richard

Schreier

75146212

Opinion vs. Your new science series is a welcome addition to the chevron which attempts to deal with aspects of science that are rarely treated in the classrooms. However, the recent article on “Scientists and their images” has nothing scientific about it. The article asserts that science is “a consensus of rational opinion distinct from other bodies of knowledge and from its applications ’ ’ . This istotally wrong. It is precisely the view which the ruling class and its agents want us to hold. It appeals for a “pure” science set up by an elite corps of “experts” and detached from the world of human problems. It erects as a criterion of truth, not facts, not experimental verification, but opinion. The article explores what people believe scientists are like, but it never examines what scientists in this society actually are. A genuine scientist is a materialist, some-

one who believes that the world is knowable and that the laws of nature exist in the material world independent of human will. To be scientific means to seek truth from facts, to derive one’s ideas from investigation of the actual situation. Any person can hold a personal view or concoct a theory, and the diversity of opinions on every issue in Canada shows that this happens all the time. But a scientist is seriously concerned with whether or not an idea or a theory is correcti. Correctness is determined only by the success of an idea in practice, not by a majority vote of some officially-designated “scientists”. There are some widely-held theories, such as the. neo-Malthusian theory of overpopulation or the ethological theory of innate aggression, which a minority of scientists believe to be false. No amount of intellectual debate or unbridled speculation can sort out these disaggreements (sic). Only experience in human struggle and scientific experimentation can lead to a correct under, standing of these questions. .The chevron article begins by asserting that science is influenced by “social, economic and political factors”. This is quite true, but the article never elucidates any of these factors. The line on science given in the article itself serves one class in our society, the exploiting class, or. the bourgeoisie. Bourgeois science as taught at Waterloo contends that we learn about the world to serve our own self-interest and thereby to serve the needs of the capitalist system. We are trained in the most narrow disciplines which prepare us for highly specialized work, and if we agree to restrict our scientific activity to the place of work, then we are rewarded with money and a career. A bourgeois scientist may know one or two things about an electron, some algae, or Down’s syndrome while being a thorough-going mystic outside the lab who is quite ignorant and bigoted about politics. This is a class society, and just as the parasitical ruling class has its “science”, so does the exploited class of working people have its own science. Marxism is a science in the service of the dispossessed class of . workers, the proletariat, and it asserts that the only reason to know the world is to change it. Marxism is based upon the theory of dialectical materialism, which has an allsided, comprehensive and his torical outlook. It teaches that all aspects of the material world are inter-related and that economic, cultural and psychological processes cannot be understood in isolation from one another. Above all, it holds that social practice is thesole criterion for truth. Correct theory comes out of practice and in turn serves practice. Thus, this-science is the complete opposite in every respect of the science described in the chevron article. Dialectical materialism is not taught at this university. Now that bourgeois science has had its week in the chevron, it is time for people’s science to appear there. D&ug Wahlsten Psychology

Member: Canadian university press (CUP). The chevron is typeset by members of the workers union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) and published by the federation of .students incorporated, university of water-loo. Content is the sole responsibility of the chevron editorial staff. Off ices are located in the campus centre; (519) 885-l 660, or university local 2331. No space for pontificating this week, but the chevrics who bring you this installment ,wem:’ Isabella grigoroff, Chris jones, john mcnair, bill ticraa, jason miller, stove mcmullan, jim carter, harry strothard, denis andre, davkl anjo, rita kanarek, randy hannigan, sylvia hauck, diane ritza, ‘neil docherty, john morris, and, oh yes, dave assman and mr. prez. now gudnite-hh

Nov. 1 ,

MATH SOCIETY - ARTS SOCIETY WEEK the GREAT

PUMPKIN

Monday October 27 7:00 pm Duplicate Bridge Tournament M&C 3rd floor lounge PRIZES Tuesday October 28 12 noon Spelling Bee-Enter at Mathsoc or Artsoc Humantities 280 Prize is a ticket to the semi-formal Wednesday 12 noon

October 29 Slide rule contest -so pull your old slide rule out of the mothballs Enter at Mathsoc (MC3038) or Artsoc (HH178A) Prize is a ticket to the semi formal

8:00 pm

Thursday 7:00 pm

Wine & ‘Cheese Party MC51 36 Tickets 50 cents for members, 75 cents for others Folk Singer Free wine and cheese once you’re by the door October 30 Free Film AL 113 “Theatre of Blood”

Friday October 8:00 pm

Saturday Nitetime

31 Hallowe’en Pub Dance MC5136 75 cents with costume $1.25 without costume

November 1 The Semi Formal

(general)