1975-76_v16,n29_Chevron by Editor Imprint

Candidates for federation presidency (l-r) Shane Roberts, Phil Fernandez and Bruce Rorrison addressed an a//-candidates forum in the Modern Languages building on Wednesday. A// stressed that the federation must be

@a// for stron4ver,

responsive to the students, but they had different ideas as to the priorities facing the federation during the coming year. The three candidates present their platforms in the centrespread of this week’s chevron. =_

more resDonsive

union

ration candidates All three presidential hopefuls stress the need for the student federation to be more accessible and open to the students, and for students to play a greater role at university. From there, the platforms drastically change hue. The three candidates for federation president are Phil Fernandez, Bruce Rorrison and Shane Roberts. And they were talking at the first all-candidates meeting held Tuesday afternoon. Phil Femandez, the first to present his speech, stated “the most important thing people are thinking about is education cutbacks”. He pointed out that manifestations of the cutbacks can already be seen on campus, and gave as examples reduced services in housing, counselling, food, and health. He denounced the Henderson Report, (a recently released Ontario Government Report), which suggested a 65 percent increase in student tuition fees “or a massive reduction of full-time teaching staff.” “Things aren’t looking very good for us right now,” Femandez said. He then criticized the present federation’s lack of mobilizing forces against the cutbacks. “What has the present federation done?” he asked. “What have they done to defend the students against these attacks by the Ontario government? “We should unite on this campus and unite other sections of the population to oppose cutbacks ,” he said. Another major issue for Fernandez was the need to “clean up bureaucracy”. He compared the federation’s bureaucracy to that of a volcano burning at the top. “I wish it would explode and all its members go to heaven,” he said. ‘Students are calling for a federation that will stand up and fight,” concluded Femandez. “We should seek leaders who represent the genuine interest of students” and should “build a democratic fighting federation.” e Femandez is a third year Arts student in Social Development Studies at Renison College. He is

presently the president of the International Student Association and also helped organize the Renison Academic Assembly, a student organization of Renison College students. Shane Roberts gave his platform next. He stressed the challenges facing the federation in the area of financial services and in the need to “strengthen and increase organization” in the federation. “The federation is a complicated organization,” he said. “Organization is something we need, something I have been building on for years. ” He added that within the bureaucracy there is “a need for consistent flow of information to the students”. “There are ways to let students know more about the federation,” he said, “We must keep abreast of details and information.” “There has never been enough that has been covered.” He pointed out that “we are facing a critical period across the province” and must “overcome the financial crisis. ” Departments such as man and environment, which “is weak about its teaching staff”, and human relations and integrated studies” must be protected and bolstered,” he said. ‘ ‘We must investigate , organize , build and work,” stressed Roberts. “We must advance the university institution” and “make it more democratic and ‘worthwhile.” He added that there are many other responsibilities of the federation, such as the ‘ ‘continuing and acceleration housing problem. ’ ’ To Roberts, students should not only organize among themselves, but should also work with the community at large. They should contribute in all things that involve them such as food, housing, and energy. Roberts is on leave from studies this year. He has completed two years in science and one year in Integrated Stttdies . He was federation president for four months in 197273. He has also been on the federation’s board of education for two years and in the federation’s .

face for

external affairs for two and a half . athletic representative for the arts years. society. In addition, he was on the senate He was also a member of the Campus Centre Board, and is fedtenure committee for one year. Off campus, he is a member of eration representative for Arts. He the development education comis also President of the Arts society. mittee for the Global Community Centre. The forum did not attract a very Bruce Rorrison, the final candilarge crowd, but those who were date, advocated th.e need for a there had several questions to ask more accessible and open federathe candidates following the tion. This should be accomplished speeches. published agendas, One person wanted to know bY “more more coverage by the cheyron,” what the federation could actually and holding meetings at places do to fight the government on cutother than just at Needles Hall, backs. “where students can better see Rorrison replied that if the fedthem,” he said. eration “isn’t strong, it can’t do He also felt there must be “new anything.” He said the federation must work with the Ontario Fedblood in the federation.” “We cannot only rely on the old eration of Students (OFS), and should organize rallies and meetpeople to solve all the problems,” ings . he said. “We must see new ideas But he said you “must basically and new people.” get an organization together first He mentioned the problem of before you can do anything.” cutbacks and stated that the federFernandez advocated “more ation “should set up a research committee on cutbacks with other clarity and communications” from members than just federation peothe federation. The challenge, he ple.” This committee should said, was “to give the federation more strength.” “look into exactly how cutbacks According to Roberts, the probare going to affect students.” lem of cutbacks “needs research Rorrison also emphasized the need for more “federation leaderand analysis on what the problems ship in campus entertainment. are, not just quick solutions.” It “There is no reason, with the fialso “needs support from a lot of nancial resources we have, that other groups in Ontario, such as the federation could not cotrade unions,” he said. It requires “new ideas and dediordinate all this and produce such things as winter carnivals,” he cation, team work, and experience within the federation itself,” he said. Concerning the housing issue, added. Rorrison stressed that a “lot more The candidates were also asked information” should be sent by the about the referendum on the Nafederation to first year students tional Union of Students (NUS), “before they arrive.” concerning whether the federation Part-time students should also should join the NUS. be more involved in the federation, Rorrison felt that, considering according to Rorrison. They the form NUS is presently in, “it is “should be provided with more ina little early to get in.” Instead, he formation and social activities ,” supported stronger action by OFS he said. and “improved communications with other provincial organizaThe federation “has so much room for growth and has much potions . ’ ’ tential,” said Rorrison. “We must Femandez said he did not know make sure that our founding ortoo much about NUS, and did not ganization is strong.” take a definite standpoint on the Rorrison is a third year Arts stuissue. dent in theatre and geography. He Roberts fully supported the idea was the men’s intramural repof joining NUS, but said it “will be resentative for Arts in 1974-75, up to the students- to decide.” He and is a member of the underfelt that NUS is the “only clout of graduate affairs group. He was on voice between students and Otthe arts library committee and was tawa.

“Student aid depends on federal legislation, Roberts said. We have “no option but to join NUS or send people directly to Ottawa.” If the use of NUS is gone, “then we can leave it,” Roberts added. When asked about the idea of eliminating society fees completely and giving all funds to the federation, Roberts answered that this would be “a terrible mistake.” The “federation is responsible to the student body as a whole,” he said, and it could thus not adequately represent each individual society. Fernandez emphasized that there “should be a redistribution of federal funding to the students ,” and that the “societies should have more .” To Rorrison, the societies “as they stand now offer more input to students .” Moving the money up to the board of entertainment ‘ ‘would make sources more distant to students “and would create more problems, he added. Finally, all candidates were asked what they felt are the main issues of the campaign. Fernandez replied that the main issue is education cutbacks. “Why should you have entertainment if no one is coming?” he asked. To Rorrison, one of the issues is cutbacks, “but more important, cutbacks on campus as it affects you”, he said. It is “more difficult to oppose cutbacks on a national scale,” he added. Rorrison also found entertainment an important issue, because “all resources are here”, and “social affairs are of prime importance.” The federation’s role itself, its openness ana its mechanisms for growth, was also an important issue for Rorrison. According to Roberts, the main issue of the campaign concerns the “quality of everyday life, academically and socially.” This includes looking after “persons with kids to take care of,“. and the “problem of people who must travel long distances . ” “The federation is no place to simplistically go into just one or two issues”, he stated. --isabella

grigoroff

the chevron

friday,

january

23; 1976

co-op

Full-time Fart- time

” :

McMaster University now has a third option for students interested in proceedirtg to a Master of Business Administration degree: a co-operative option, whereby students alternate four-month periods of study and relevant work experience. A limited number of applications will be accepted for the semester beginning in September, 1976.

Academic standing is not the only entry criterion but, as a general rule, you can have a reasonable expectation of completing the f&Master MBA program if you have maintained at least a second-class. standing in the last two years of your undergraduate program and if you can achieve a satisfactory test score in the Graduate Management Admission Test.

Rxt _

timk To:

Applicants for the McMaster MBA who have taken revelant course work may be granted advanced standing in our program. If you are interested in exploring this challenging opportunity further, fill in and mail this form.

Director of Graduate Admissions Faculty of Business McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario LSs4M4 , ,

Please send me details about your MBA program Full time Part-time Co-operative

Name Ackhs -city University

Province

Attending When?

Degree expected

Federation Flicks-The Towering Inferno with Paul Newman. 8pm. AL I 16. Feds $I Others $I .50.

Campus Centre Pub opens I2 noon. David Bradstreet from 9-I am. 50 cents after 6pm.

China Week photograph displays and cultural exhibition. I Oam-Spm. CC 207.

Group meditation and advanced lecture for T. M. meditators. Note these meetings are now every second Sunday. 8pm. E3-I 101.

The Rats. A one act play. Free admission. 12:30pm. Theatre of the Arts.

Campus Centre Pub opens I2 noon. Spott from 9lam. 74 cents after 6pm.‘ Los lndios Tabajaras. 8pm. Theatre of the Arts. Admission $5, Students and Senior citizens $2.50.

Federation Flicks-The Towering fnfemo with Paul Newman. 8pm AL I IS. Feds $1, Others $I .50.

Saturday Campus Centre Pub opens 7pm. Spott from 9-I am. 74 cents admission. Federation Flicks-The Towering In, femo with Paul Newman. 8pm. AL I16. Feds $1 others $1.50.

Sunday Chapel.?heme: Is the Church a Community? Chapel Choir singing. Coffee and Discussion follow. Idam. Chapel, Conrad Grebel College* \ Mercedes-Benz Film afternoon. CSME/ASME/SAE memberships available. Everyone welcome. I 30-5 30pm. E2-2334. I Duplicate Bridge: Team game (IMP’s). Every Sunday for 7 weeks.

;NATlONAL UNION’ OF STSJDEhlTS \ information

Chapel. First in a series on other religions. Martin Hunt speaks on Bahai. 83Opm. Conrad Grebel College. Lower i-owP , Co-cd Bowling continues every Sunday. You can still join. 8:45pm. Waterloo Bowling Lanes.

Moqday Campus Centre Pub opens I2 noon. David Bradstreet’from 9-Iam. 50 cents after 6pm.

Fara-legal assistance offers nonChina Week Movies-Tarzan Rail- ’ legal advice. Call professional way under Construction, The Prawns. 8850840 or come to CC I06. Hours: .4 8pm. MC 2065. I :304:3Opm.

Sessions ’

half hour before ,Presidential Forums

Duplicate Bridge. No experience necessary, partnerships can be arranged. Master points awarded. All bridge players welcome. 7pm. MC 3002. UW Ski Club -General Meeting. Cash bar, films, demonstration of ski maintenance, upcoming trip info and outline of late April trip to Aspen, Colorado. Cross-country anq downhill skiers of any ability welcome. Memberships sold. 7pm MC 5136. The Russian Club & DGSLL is presenting M. Gorky’s ‘The Mother” (1926). Directed by V. Pudovkin. 8pm. ML 349. Grand Valfey Car Club welcomes you to our next meeting. 8pm. Waterloo County Fiih & Game Protective Association, Pioneer Tower Road, off Hwy. 8 between Kitchener and Hwy. 401. _ 4

Tuesday The Rats. A one act play by a WLU student Peter Routis. Directed by DavidArchambault and featuring M.E. Evans. Free admission. I I 30am. Theatre of the Arts.

January

: : :

. 11 am Environmental Studies .Coff&e Shop 12:30 pm Math Building 3rd floor lourige

: : : . : : :

Tuesday

January

27 -

: : : : 0 0 a

11 am Engineering 4 Lounge ’ 12:30 pmi Camp& Centre Great Hall , 0

(

Cbrodendrum or glory bower is a blooming vine from West Africa. The flowering of clerodendrum consists of big rusees of snow white calyces which a6 lantern shaped and from which the blood red five petefed corolla extrude. Set it in your sunniest window and keep it evenly moist, never letting it dry out completely. During the blooming aeaaon (spring and summer) give it high phosphate and potash fertilizer solution. Humidity of over 50 % encourages bloom. Let blooming branches grow but cut off any light green suckerish growth, these you can root in moist vermiculiteand start new plants. To carry over older plants from year to year, hold back water and bright light over the winter. The clerodendrum wifCdelight -you with its beautiful bloom n all summer long.

Para-legal assistance offers nonlegal advice. Call professional 885-0840 or come to CC 106. Hours: 130430pm and 7-I Opm. Chess Club Meeting. Everyone corn& 730pm CC 135. Flying Club Ground MC 3007. -

School.

wel-

730pm.

The Career Information Centre, first floor, Needles Hall has extended its hours of operation and will now be open every Wednesday until 8pm. KW Association for Children with Learning Disabilities. Meeting 8pm. Waterloo Public Library. Gay Coffee House.

830pm. CC II 0. / Free Movie-Fellini’s Roma. IO:1 5pm. Campus Centre Great Hall. Sponsored by The Campus Centre Board.

Thursday UW Ski Club Day Trip to Holiday Valley, Ellicotville, New York. $12 for members, $14 for non-members. Price includes transportation and tow ticket. Tickets at PAC. You must bring proof of Canadian citizenship or passport. 6am. PAC Blue South. The Rats. A one act play. Free admission. II 30am. Theatre of the Arts. Campus Centre Pub opens I2 noon. David Bradstreet from g-lam. 50 cents after 6pm. Para-legal assistance offers nonprofessional legal advice. Call 8850840 or come to CC 106. Hours: I :30-4 :30pm.

CLIP

AND

SAVE .a.... : : : 0 : 0 0 : 0 : i : : : : : : 0 : : 0

10% discount

to students.

: :

University Chapel. Sponsored by the UW chaplains. 12:30pm. SCH 218K.

-.o.o

Wednesday‘

;-PLEASE

i CL~RODENDklJM 0 0

Forum presented by the Rape Distress Centre. Speakers and discussion. Film. Virgin Spring. 7pm. EL Hall.

The University of Waterloo Pro-Lie group will be holding its first meeting of the winter term. Your ideas and interest Campus Centre Pub opens I2 noon. would be most welcome. 430pm. ML David Bradstreet from 9lam. 50 cents , 334. after 6pm. Waterloo Christian Fellowship. Fara-legal assistance offers honEveryone is welcome to come for an Eegal advice. Call professionat informal time of Bible study and fellow8850840 or come to CC IO61 Hours: ship. 530pm CC 113. G I :30-430pm. History Society Guest Lecture. Native American Film Series. The Professor Terry Copp speaks on British American Wars. 2pm. National Women in Montreal in the 1930’s. Film Board Theatre, Suite 207, 659 Everyone is invited to attend. 8pm. Klng Street East, Kitchener. Free. Hum 373. , t ~..ooo.oo.*.o..ooooo.ooooooo.o . s) : ONE OF A SERIES

: 0

Monday

by WLU SocAn.

Federation Used Book Store. Open from 930-I pm and 243Opm Mon-Fri for the rest of January. CC 2I7A.

Campus Centre backgammon tournament to be held Sunday, Jan. 25 commencing at noon. Entrants must. pre-register at the turnkey desk in the Campus ‘Centre. j’

co-op

Sponsored

Goodwin & Goodwin. l&V Art Gallery. Hours: Mon-Fri 94pm. Sun 2-5pm. till Feb. 8.

An MBA degree from McMaster could help you to achieve your career objectives in the areas of management, administration, and education because the McMaster MBA program offers a wide range of optional courses (that can be selected to your needs) as well as providing a core of basic knowledge and skills. Although admission is restricted to those who have proven that they have the potential and commitment required to complete a demanding program, graduates in any discipline may be accepted.

Generous Master Point awards. Teams may consist of 4,5, or 6 persons. Entry fee: $30/team ($20 if afl students). If interested contact Neil Hendry 5766296. Deadline Sat. midnight. 7pm MC3002.

Friday

: : / : O....................................~.................~.

6 MARKET VILLAGE - 576-9999 , at Market Lane and Scott Street OPEN: MON.-WED. 9:30-530, Thurs. & Fri. 93019:W, Sat. 9-5.

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friday,

january

23; 1976

the chevron

nts / prot

More than 2,000 students and striking members of CUPE 1222 took part in a march on Queen’s Park to protest recommendations of the Henderson Report. The report advocates a 65 per cent tuition fee increase for 1977-78 or face educational staff cuts of 20 per cent and increasing the loan ceiling to $1,800 while reducing the award total to $1,000 with an all loan system to be introduced before 1977-78. The march began with a rally in Convocation Hall at the University of Toronto. The rally was attended by post-secondary institutes from across Ontario and one high school from Ottawa. Carleton University displayed the strongest contingent at the rally with approximately 300 students while 40 students went from Waterloo. The march proceeded from Convocation Hall to Queens Park backing up traffic as far down University Ave. as could be seen from Queen’s Park. Participants in the march chanted “They say cutback; we say fight back. 59 Speakers at Convocation Hall included Ontario Federation of Students chairman John Shortall, Ryerson president Walter Pitman, U of T student council presidelIt Gordon Barnes) a representative of the U of T graduate students association, community colleges representative John Young and QFS information officer Chris Harries. Shortall read a statement prepared by OFS denouncing the Henderson recommendations and the’ Ontario government. Pitman pointed out that students are taking on both the federal and provincial governments due to the combined effects of the Henderson Report and the new federal economic policies. He also pointed out that this will be the last year of the federal-provincial cost sharing system of education.

Pitman added the protest “may be the beginning of a new student movement across Canada. ” His suggestion that students not be “sucked into the need for confrontation” was met with mixed applause and hisses. Young asked that the Universities keep the community colleges informed of developments in the fight against the Henderson recommendations. He says that this is necessary because the colleges do not have the tradition that the universities do. Last week, Conestoga College student association president confessed to knowing nothing of the planned rally. Harries said the rally had the foundation of a strong student movement in Ontario (citing the Ottawa example). He added this was important because students are the most easily organized section of society. At Queen’s Park the students were addressed by representatives of each of the three political parties including minister of universities and colleges I-Iarry Pairott. As expected, Parrott well received. He made popular statements as the fact of the economy today” and “You’ve got

sibility which

to the future students

was not such un*‘Look at of Canada

a responof Ontario” to

answered

“So

you”, Barnes

stated

that

Parrott

“clearly supports that proposal” of the IIenderson Committee (referring to the section on tuition increases). The other two political representatives came out in support of the students but said very little of their intentions concerning the matter. Striking members of CUPE 1222 voted not to picket Convocation Hall so as not to interfere with the protest reflecting a possible alliance between students and labour which was suggested by

The arts and crafts people were back in the Campus Centre this week to display their wares. Whether you were shopping or just passing through, n thdre &as much to delight the eye. And if you had-the time you could watch the goodies grow right before ‘your eyes; and maybe learn how to make them yourself.

More than 2,000 students showed up at Queen’s Park on Wednesday as part of the OFT-sponsored demonstration protesting recommendations of the Henderson Report. The report advocates fee increases of 65 per cent and an all-loan student aid system. photo by graham gee

Pitman.

The red by which break

non-violent march was maronly two minor incidents in marchers made attempts to through barriers at Queen’s

Park. One of these incidents was barely noticed while fellow marchers brought the other under control even before police on the scene could reclose the barrier.

Shortall commented that the rally had been a success in as far as numbers were concerned. -w-m

Qee

Kitchenertransit pr more moneyfor lessservice Kitchener city council has been studying proposals which would make transit users in the Twin Cities pay more money for less service. John Webster, city traffic director, cites lack of public support for the cutbacks. This despite the fact that the number of riders has increased 18 per cent in each of the past two years. Faced with a mounting deficit (an estimated $1.8 million in 1976) and a 5 per cent ceiling on provincial subsidies, the city is responding with major cuts in service and a fare increase to 35 cents. AI1 levels of government are showing restraint by putting the squeeze on people. Unfortunately, as in most of the cutbacks, the proposed changes affect most those who are least able to pay for the economic crises. Transit users are primarily the poor: pensionners, women who work outside the home as well as houseworkers who rely on the bus to get anywhere, and students. These groups not only have to deal with inflationary price increases, but because of their particular reliance on government goodwill are being singled out to bear the brunt of the cutbacks. For example, students ‘have already been warned by the Henderson Report that they face massive increases in their tuition fees of up to 65 per cent. At the same time they are having more difficulty getting jobs and government aid for going to school. Bus service is going to be sharply reduced. On the Loop and Queen-Frederick routes buses will now come every 25 minutes instead of the present twenty. On all other cross-town routes, buses will run only every 40 minutes during the off-peak hours of 9am to 3pm and 6pm to 1Opm. Only the Mainline, the Loop and Queen-Frederick will have Sunday service and service after ten. Of more concern to students is the proposal to

run every second Mainline bus between King and University and the terminal. This will mean an extra wait of 10 to 15 minutes for those unlucky enough to catch the “short turn” bus. This time lost becomes even greater when it is added to the time people are already waiting for the buses and the time spent on the buses as they slowly meander along their routes. Time spent riding the buses and waiting for them is time over which we have no control. It is time people must sacrifice in the interests of completing our daily routine. The city admits that most of its users are captive users. That is they have very little choice but to use transit if they want to get around the city. Therefore, the city does not expect to lose many riders because of the changes. These proposals are likely to be counterproductive in their own terms. Costs are going to continue to rise but it is unlikely that people are going to make more use of the system if it is more inconvenient and more expensive. If this proposal is acted on then it will simply perpetuate and worsen an already inadequate situation. A group of people have gotten together to protect and articulate our interest in public transit. The city says that the transit system should be “demand” and “service” orientated. We say that we want more transit and not less. -We plan to go to Kitchener city hall next Monday afternoon at 2:00 p.m. (the 26th) and demonstrate to city council that we do not want the cutbacks in service and that we do not want to Pay the extra money. Transit must be based on need and not on a cost basis. If you would like to help us by distributing leaflets and taking up a petition phone the Consumer. Action Centre at 744-4168 or come down to 8-q Ontario St. S. Weekends or evenings phone Jim :\t 742-0888 or Patty at 576-3624.

. friday,

the chevron

Federation

Prbsidential

23, 1976

of Students

Candidates

Forum

Classified

deadline

is noon Tuesdays

Lost

Come bear and talk to Shane Roberts, Bruce Rorrison and Phil Fernandez

Personal Pregnant & Distressed? The Birth Control Centre is an information and referral centre for birth control,, V.D., unplanned pregnancy & sexuality. For all the alternatives phone 8851211 ext 3446 (Rm 206, Campus Centre) or for emergency numbers 884-8770. Gay Lib Office, Campus Centre Rm Monday-Thursday 217C. Open 7-l Opm, some afternoons. Counselling and information. Phone 885-1211, ext.

Tuesday January 27 II:30 am - Engineering 4 Lounge 1 Pm - Campus Centre Great Hall

winter term spring term I Environmental Studies: 2 seats regular 1 seat co-op terms 1 seat Integrated Studies: ‘2 seats Mathematics: a regular co-op winter term 2 seats co-op spring term 1 seat 1 seat H.K.L.S.: regular co-op winter term 1 seat ’ co~op spring term 1 seat 3 seats regular Science: 1 seat co-op terms 1 seat St. Jerome’s: 1 seat Renison: , 2 seats Graduate Studies: Engineering, H.K.L.S. and Mathematics spring term co-operative students will elect their representatives in June 1976. Nomination forms are available from Helga Petz in the Federation office located in the Campus Centre Room 235, and must be returned to that office by 4:30 p.m. January 29. Election Committee

Welcome Wagon Bridal Show for Brides To Be planning a wedding after May 1, 1976-Dec. 31, 1976. Date: Monday Feb: 2, 1976. Time: 8pm. Place: Waterloo Motor Inn. Fashion Show, Door prizes, Displays. Free admission by invitation only. Call 884-6765 or 884-3994 for your two complimentary tickets. Will do light moving with a small truck. Call Jeff 745-1293.

Gale-Force winds hit lines and cancel key communications in Guelph and Waterloo to Cambridge areas. Repairs. Your rally groups will remain at station till contacted. All goes well here. Northweather.

For Sale Fender musicmaster electric guitar. $130. Paul practise amp. $30. Both in mint condition. Phone 742-5049. Stereo Cassette Record/Playback Deck. Panasonic RS-262US. Excellent conditon. New Head. Features: pause, Cr02 switch, auto stop, noise suppression, preamp. $100 or best offer. Call Jack at 885-2862 after 7pm.

’

Wanted Excellent job opportunity. Energetic and responsible person wanted for part-time help to establish a school teaching yoga, meditation, selfrealization, the occult, etc. See Harry Vacal, 14 Charles Street West, Kitchener.

Fast accurate typing. 40 cents a page. IBM Selectric. Located in Lakeshore village. Call 884-6913 anytime.

Nominations for the positions of representatives to Students’ Council for the academic year 1976-77 open on THURSDAY, JANUARY 22, 1976 and close ori THURSDAY, JANUARY 29 at 4:30 p.m. The distribution of Council seats is as follows:

4 seats 3 seats 2 seats

25 year old Black man desires correspondence with concerned and realistic people. Some of my interests are astrology, music, and esoteric philosophy. Write to: Robert Taylor 141802, Box 69, London, Ohio. 43140.

2372.

FEDERATION OF STUdENTS , NOTICE OF STUDENTS’ COUNCIL ELECTIONS for the academic year 1976-77

for Friday publication.

Puppies. Shepherd-Collie Cross. 8 weeks old. Free to good homes. Sylvia ext. 2331.

Checks and checkbook in black holder. Would appreciate it’s return if found. Contact, Paul 884-9965.

- Monday January 26 II:30 am - Environmental Studies Coffee Shop 1 Pm L Math Building 3rd floor lounge

Arts: Engineering:

january-

Typing: Neat and efficient. Experienced. Reasonable Rates. 884-l 025. Ask for Judy. Will type essays or thesis, 50 cents per page, Phone Mrs. Norma Kirby, 742-9357.

COUPON OFFER Westmount

Available

Double room for rent, excellent kitchen & laundry facilities, close to University. Male only. 884-1381.

GRADUATION SPECIAL

Housing

Plaza

PORTRAIT SPECIAL

phone 7458637 PACKAGE OFFERS No.1 $56.50

No. 2 $46.50

IN COLOUR

I-1 1x14 mounted 3-8x1 0 mounted 12-Wallets

2-8x10 in Woodgrain Frames 2-5x7 mounted 8-Wallets 1-8x1 0 mounted Nom 4 2-5x7 mounted $33.60 4-Wallets

No. 3 4-5x7 mounted $36.50 4-Wallets

PHOTOGRAPHERS

259 KING

STREET

WEST

King & Water Srfeer Across From Kresges

KITCHENER,

ONT.

‘ridav,

ianuarv

23, 1976

Despite the province’s recent $11.45 million increase in student grants, pupils from low income groups will still find it hard to attend post-secondary education. That’s what student federation president John Shortall thinks about a Jan. 16 government announcement on student financial aid. “The present Ontario Student Assistance Program (OSAP) offers no encouragement at all for a student from a low income family to attend a university,” said Shortall in an interview on Monday. Asked about the government’s decision to up the loan ceiling to $1,000 fi-orn $800 for next year, Shortall, who’s also the chairman of the Ontario Federation of Students, said “the government’s move isn’t surprising as it continues the trend established by the Henderson Report which calls for an all-loan program.” The government announced that assistance up to $1,000 will be provided as a Canada Student Loan which is repayable six months after a student graduates or drops out. Extra aid for students who need it will be handed out in the form of a provincial grant. In addition, the government says tuition fees will remain frozen at current levels for the 1976-77 academic year, and provincial rent controls and federal price controls will apply to colleges and universities . “We have made substantial improvements in the program, bringing financial assistance in line with the real costs faced by students,” says the minister of colleges and universities Harry Parrot in a press release. “TO help pay for these improvements and to cope with the growth in demand for assistance, we have also had to increase the loan ceiling, the amount students may borrow before they can obtain a provincial grant. ” Shortall challenged Parrot on the OSAP alterations saying, “These changes are inadequate as they don’t reflect reality. “It doesn’t cost the same to live anywhere in Ontario. Some places such as Toronto or Sudbury have different fuel costs, rental costs and food costs which are higher than the average calculation in OSAP.” The student president also criticized the 10 per cent increase in book allowance saying actual costs of texts have jumped 9 40 per cent in the last year. He charged Parrot with failing to say that student summer saving requirements will increase by 10 per cent and the minimum course load for eligibility will increase to 80 per cent from 60 per cent, meaning a student taking three courses won’t be eligible. Shortall said although the government’s allocation in student grants will total $61 million next year from $49.55 million this year,

the chevron

the ministry doesn’t always spend the allocation. “It’s our experience that they (the ministry) will say they have that much to spend, but they won’t do so. For since 1970, with exception of 1974-75, they have spent less than they have allocated.” Since OSAP summer contributions will increase and given the axing of the Opportunities For Youth, students will either have to incur a minimum $4,000 debt when they graduate or drop out, Shortall figures e “Student unemployment ran as high as 17 per cent last summer and will worsen this summer with the loss of the 7,000 jobs OFY provided in Ontario.” Shortall also criticized the weekly living allowances as being too low saying that $67 a week is a conservative estimate of real costs. At present, OSAP provides $51.50 a week and will up this amount to $57 next year. Local transportation allowances also came under attack from Shortall as he feels the two dollar increase provided by OSAP won’t be enough to cover the scheduled hikes in transit fares. However, Shortall was pleased with the change that frees students returning from the work force of having to save 25 per cent of their last eight months’ earnings. The savings requirement will be reduced to 10 per cent, or an amount based on students’ required summer savings, whit hever is greater. “I think there is great merit in students’ working during the summer months and at off-hours during their school terms to help with their expenses ,” Parrot said. “And beginning in September, students receiving assistance from OSAP will be allowed to earn up to $500 per term during the academic year, before their part-time earnings will be considered in the calculation of assistance . ’ ’ Parrot said the demand for student assistance is increasing much faster than enrolment in colleges and universities. More than 100,000 applications for assistance were received this year, an increase of nearly 11 per cent from 1974-75. In the same period, enrolment increased by about 5.5 per cent. “I have avoided any major revision of the structure of OSAP,” Parrot said. “The program will continue to operate as it has in the past until we have had time to consider the recommendations of the advisory committee of financial assistance for students.” The committee’s report is expected in July and changes resulting from its recommendations won’t be put into effect before 1977-78. Another major change in OSAP for next year, according to Parrot, is the alterations in the parental help which will take into account “the difficulties encountered by parents in contributing to their children’s educational costs during an inflationary period .” -john

morris

POMONA (CIJP)-Patricia McHowell of St Paul Minn., whose applesauce “surprise ” recently won $500 in a cooking contest, has passed on the recipe for all the world to enjoy. ‘Try l/2 cup of butter, 11/2 cups sugar, 3 eggs, 2 cups sifted flour, 1 tsp. baking soda, 1 tsp. cinnamon, l/2 tsp. salt, l/tsp. nutmeg, l/tsp. cloves, 1 l/2 cups of dried chopped earthworms. EARTHWORMS? That’s right, earthworms. The contest recently held in California to draw attention to other sources of protein, received more than 200 recipes, including one for french fried w,orms, and another for an earthworm cocktail. “Sort of tastes like a rubber band,” said one judge after tasting the earthworm “surprise”.

Harry Parrot, Ontario’s new minister of colleges and universities, will be coming to UW on Feb. 3. He is scheduled to take part in a question and answer session dealing with the government’s anti-inflation guidelines. The session begins at 2:OO pm in the Theare of the Arts and all faculty, staff and students are invited to attend and take part. We’re sure that some of you must have something to say to Parrot.

the chevron

friday,

t Approximately 40 students met last Tuesday night to protest the pending decision to move the offices and staff of the recreation department off-campus. The decision was made official on Wednesday and announced at Burt Matthew’s news conference Thursday morning. 1 Human Kinetics and Leisure Studies dean Gerald Kenyon said “It was a very difficult decision to make.” He added it was the “least of all evils considered.” The conflict seems to be one of whether the recreation or kinesiology offices are moved due to lack of space. But the students and recreation professor William Theobald think-it should be administration offices which go offcampus. Kenyon told the chevron that the decision was based ona number of considerations. Among them was the consideration that, should the kinesiology dept. be moved to Philip St., they would take up the whole building while architecture and fine arts also need space. He also explained the problem of moving kinesiology lab equipment. The move into a building to be constructed on the Phillip Street architecture site will be made around Sept. 1, 1976, according to a bulletin released this week. The building will be constructed by Marsland Construction and leased for five years by UW at a cost of $96,000 per year with the space being allocated to fine arts, architecture and human kinetics

and leisure studies (HKLS), the bulletin said. Three separate briefs were submitted to the dean by the Recreation Faculty, Recreation Students Association (RSA) and recreation graduate students. All protested the decision citing various reasons for leaving the offices on-campus. Most problems cited in the briefs stemmed from the main grievance of the “physical separation” and, therefore, isolation of the recreation offices. All three briefs expressed con-

tern over the effects of separation on student-teacher relationships. The faculty brief states, “The net effect on students, both graduate and undergraduate alike would be greatly reduced access to faculty, teaching services and equipment necessary for the orderly transaction of the academic program. ’ ’ The RSA brief also complained of separation from staff during pre-regis tration and registration periods. It also asked for an explanation of the grounds on which the

decision will be made. During the Tuesday night meeting, students expressed the opinion that the recreation department will lose everything while they are not the ones who need more space. (Projections show that the recreation department will need another 1800 square feet of space due to expansion of graduate programs but not until 1980.) According to Theobald, the recreation offices will be the ones to move since kinesiology needs space to bring their offices to a centralized location. However, Theobald said the move will only leave the kinesiology offices in four separate areas instead of the present five.

23, 1971

january

John Beeman, who chaired th meeting, stated, ‘ ‘We are not satis fied that we are not being sac rificed.” Theobald went so far as to de scribe the action as “academil genocide’ ’ . In the faculty brief, Theobalc stated, “It is our opinion that move off-campus would amount tc an infringement upon the academic freedom of both faculty and stu dents alike in carrying out ou commitment to teaching and scho larship in the best academic man ner.” A meeting to discuss furthe steps in the faculty-student protes is being planned for next week. -graham

gea

Help native culture, burn If students want to help preserve the culture of Canada’s Native Peoples, then they should tell Hollywood to burn western movies, says Emma LaRoque, a Metis author . LaRoque, speaking Wednesday at a UW conference on Native Peoples Wednesday, told an audience of over 100 students and faculty that she feels the “shock of culture conflict” whenever a western movie is aired on television. And that’s not the only incidence of culture conflict, she says, adding that it happens when a young Indian goes to school only to be told not to speak his language . It also happens when the government expropriates land to use as “bombing ranges” where Metis men used to hunt. In addition, mercury poisoning in northern Quebec, the James Bay project, and “learning you’re a loser even though you were once

ferocious ,” are all signs of one culture oppressing another, LaRoque said. “It (culture conflict) is cemented with a muscular power through which one group imposes itself on another.” LaRoque said the missionaries in North America allied themselves with the prevailing “expansionist mentality” of white people to take land away from Indians so they could have “permanence, a building and an army to protect both.” She added that most Indians, in contrast didn’t have the “invasion mentality of Europeans. ” However, LaRoque didn’t believe that Native Peoples should live in isolation as she personally couldn’t “buy that anymore”. But Native Peoples should be allowed to have control over their educational system in the reservations so that their culture won’t be absorbed.

“Indian parents should be allowed to have control of education from grades one to six, and later to exchange students with white schools .” LaRoque said her father summed up the attitude of most Indians in saying, “we’re nothing if we don’t have land.” But this doesn’t mean Indians get to own land or even care about owning land, what it means is that Native Peoples attach a spiritual significance to land, she said. “We have land simply by respecting it, if we don’t respect it then we won’t have anything.” She said this point is illustrated by the Wounded Knee incident in 1973 when the Sioux didn’t want to sell the Black Hills to the U.S. government because that’s where they buried their dead. “Most of the conflicts are really of a spiritual rather than a technical nature. ’ ’

---4 I

Another speaker at the confer ence said Native Peoples en counter many problems with the Canadian legal system when the: try to get injunctions against thl flooding of their lands. Menno Wiebe, the director of Indian ministries for the Mennon ite Central committee in Winnipeg said “laws are made to protect th property of a people.” This fact became clear when the Cree wanted to stop the flooding o five Indian reserves in Manitoba by using the British Nortl America Act and the governmen “shoved the Act into a corner.” “‘The attitude of the Manitoba] government seems to be ‘ ‘flooc now and compensate later.” The result is that electricity i: exported for dollars at the expensl of un-negotiated Indian land Wiebe said. The question of togethernes! among Native Peoples wa! brought up by yet another speake who said the federal governmen dropped the idea of absorbing In dians into mainstream society ant tried to encourage them to develop a “reserve economy”. In other words, Indians were encouraged to depend on farmini for their survival, said UW teachel Mitsuo Shimpo. “This idea-wasn’t very success ful because due to their culture Indians spent most of summer ant fall engaged in leisure activities.” These “leisure activities force Indians not to be very productive and it’s a very serious and critica problem for their survival .” -john

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I-.-

Rape-laws >’

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the chevron-

. /_ - -

Social ibttitucies -must -=chdige I - ::_

Rape should be considered a crime against society just like robbery and the personalized contest between a woman and a \ man that it is now. The problem, in the view of Kitchener’s assistant crown attorney Peter Speyer, is that “the laws have been evolved and administered by men whoehave never been raped. ’ ’ Speyer, along with detective Kenneth Carmount from the regional police force, was a guest of the Waterloo Reaonal Rape Distress Centre at a public forum pre-’

sented Monday at Wi\frid Laurier University. Both men agreed that the rape centre, through its crisis work and educational presentations, is a “great asset” to the community. “Some girls go through hell,‘: Speyer said, “and this centre can perform a great function.“, . “The only way we can find out what’s going on is to get feedback from people like you.” The hulking, crewcut detective Carmount was a silent testimonyto the need that such a group of empathetic, physically unimposing women and men can fill.

A raped woman must go through a great deal in the 48 hours following her report to police, Carmount said, starting’ with an intensive medical examination that’includes photographs of any injuries and bruises. Her statements are recorded in great detail in the course of two lengthy interrogations during which she must provethat intercourse took place without her consent in the presence of fear and threats, the detective stated. During a rape trial the woman is “harassed” by questions pertaining to her “previous chaste

-Rape, Distress Centre _

-A community

A total of 31 sexual offence cases seems a poor showing for a crisis centre whioh has been operating around the clock for seven months-could it be a publicity problem? ‘ ‘We’need to advertise a lot more,” admitted Niki Klein, -a co-ordinatar from the Waterloo Regional Rape Distress Centre, at a ’ recent press conference. , To remedy this situation, the LIP-funded group has embarked on an ambitious campaign to in; form the region of its services.

In addition to at least 29 speaking engagements to date, the centre is attracting attention with a poster cam.paign and. a series of four public- forums intended to promote an awareness of the problem of rape. An appeal is going out’at these forums for volunteer workers, as the present staff of six employees and 15 volunteers is “quite overworked”. Operating expenses and the six salaries are covered by the LIP grant of $27,000 and donations from sources such as church . groups. Waterloo regional council provided a grant of $500 but, according to co-ordinator Trish Wells, it was “on the condition of not approaching them again for money.” Wells was not sorry that- the grant runs out-in June since the centre “should be supported by the community anyway.” The Rape Distress Centre, which de’als not only with rape but r with all kinds of sexual assault, is one of 22 such centres across Canada. It has liaisons with social agen_cies and professionals in various fields and is soon to be incorporated as a charitable organization. The centre -provides an ‘ ‘out-

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reach” telephone service 24 hours The average age of thevictims a day, seven days a week, by was 20 years although their ages which the victim can get in touch. ranged from 8 to 40 years. It is not a drop-in centre. Seventy-seven per cent of the “Wherever the woman is, we’ll complaints came to the centre’s atgo there;” Klein said. tention within 48 hours of the of’ Statistics compiled during the fence and the rest were reported agency’s period of operation defrom 48 hours to several years af. terwards . monstrated its succe& in “providing assistance and non-judgmental Only 40 per cent of these alleged referrals to victims of sexual atoffences were under police investack as well as in furnishing accut*gation but this was because rate and necessary information to .‘ ‘many women chooseL to remain the Ki%Zhener-Waterloo Region.” silent concerning their rape out of “It is apparent from these statisfear of public scorn and traumatic tics that a centre in this area is court proceedings. ” needed,” Klein pointed out. “In a rape trial, the key issue is -The 31 cases handled by the the woman’s moral character,” g&up in seven months were inex* Trish Wells noted. cess of the 26 rapes reported by Up until now, the Rape Distressthe Waterloo Regional Police for Centre has reached mainly community groups with basic informaall of 1973. From this, the centre concluded tion about rape, forms of selfprotection and legal information that it was aiding victims -who would not otherwise seek medical, although they ge.now ‘Cbeginning to have access to high school and legal or psychological help. college students and staff.” An overwhelming majority of complaints concerned In mid-February, the centre rape, plans to release two pubperhaps because of the centre’s misleading name, followed by inlications-one on rape and decent assault, attempted rape, sexual assault dealing with legal procedures, and the other a bookmolestation and verbal harrassment. let concerned with self-protection. They will be available from the There was physical abuse remailing list and the ported in more than 25 ‘per cent of -centre’s Woman’s -Place on DuPont Street the alleged offences ranging from slapping to attempted strangulain Waterloo. -&onyx mcmichael tion.

character,” Speyer said, addingthat a prejudice may exist in legal terms referring to the victim such as “complainant’,’ and “prosecutress” which are “not very nice words.” Embarrassing questions point-ing to the woinan’s previous intercourse experience are “an attempt tg assassinate character,” Speyer charged, because if she prefers not to answer it “leaves doubt in the minds of jurors.” On the other hand, a closed hearing which would exclude the public and dispense with a jury is no solution because it would turn the case even more into a “personalized battle”, he said. The assistant crown attorney feared that the rate of conviction would go “even lower than it is now” if women had recourse to closed hearings as a result of impending changes in the rape law. At present, most rape cases are heard by juries which are composed mainly of women. - “Rape cases are much bettlr done when left in the hands of the state,” Speyer insisted. “We have to have police officers, crown attornies and rape centres to give assurance and guidance as to what the victim’s rights are.” Speyer argued the case for showing corroboration in a’ rape trial, which is currently, required for a conviction but may. not be in the new legislation. -_ Corroboration is evidence given independently of that provided by the victim-such as a false alibi or flight which could link the accused with the crime. “Most rapes are done in situations where there are no other witnesses,” Speyer explained, and “corroboration provides jurors with an aid.” - . The amendments to the-rape law, Bill C-71, is in its third reading now, Speyer believed, incorporating into its legislation some recommendations made by rape distress centres. Among these are the right to a closed hearing, a provision for the judge to move the trial from a small, familiar town to a larger, more impersonal one and the authority to prevent the victim’s identity from being broadcast. Names are not usually divulged

even now, Spewer noted, and this amendment “just forma&es what goes on in this area now”. “I am, generally, for all the amendments ,” he affirmed, but felt that people’s attitudes toward rape could not be legislated. “A look-at rape is a- microcosmic look at the whole world,‘? Speyer concluded. “If the world is hung up on the vital statistics-36-24-36-then there’s something wrong with the world.” Nicole Delplace from the Rape Distress Centre gave a brie& description of the centre’s activities in its seven months of operation. The mainly volunteer group which is d‘ependent on government grants and donations, has addressed numerouscommunity organiz%tions as an educational service. ‘ f We do. not duplicate existing community services by any means,” Delplace stated. The centre provides a 24-hour, 7-day week telephone service by which the victim can caIl in. “We wilI talk with any victim whether she was raped three minutes or .30 years ago,” she said. “The first step is to ascertain 0 that the woman is safe. We don’t make decisions for her but lend her support and--knowledge and give her an idea of what questions will be asked.” If a, medical examination is required, the woman receives a full explanation of w-hat to expect. “Although she usually has tremendous guilt feelings,” Delplace said, ‘ ‘by the time we take her to see the detective she is usually relaxed.” Niki Klein, also from the rape centre, called for a change toward an attitude that “rape is an assault on the body-on the sexual or’ gans. Her first thought is ‘am I going to live?’ “A lot of people think it’s a sexI ual act. It isn’t.” The next public forum will be held Tuesday Jan. 27, in Engineering Lecture 212 at 7:00 pm. Guest speakers are Ruth Brae and Alex - Grigeroff, both psychologists who specialize in working. with rapists, along with Peter Speyer and Fern Miller, who teaches political science at UW. The film “Virgin Spring.” by Ingmar Bergman will be shown. i -dioiyi

rei+so many .of us

krlled in car \accidents?” t It’s a fact. Last ye& the 16 to 24 age group accounted for more than one-third of all drivers killed on Ontario roads. And-nearly 40% of all diivers involved in fatal accidents were our age. \ Maybe we can’t change the wdrld but we can change this. We’ve got to slow down. We’ve got to- live. __

Thinklabout it. Properly

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fork up to and 11, 1976.

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the chevron b

friday,

pirak studio

About 100 pupils and teachers down the department, senate pressured UW senators on Monshould consider alternatives which will better the program’s academic day to defer approval of a report calling for the closure of the quality as well as resolving the diP’HOTOGRAPHER human relations and counselling vision among faculty. 350 King St. W., Kitcheher, Ont., Phone 742-5363 studies department. Godfrey Barret-Lennard’, a and counselling Senators, after a three-hour dis- human relations studies teat her, informed senate cussion, yielded to the collective that though there’s dissension plea voiced by students and proin the defessors that more information is among the professors needed before deciding the partment “it still isn’t a plausible reason for closing it down. department’s fate. , ‘ ‘Without denying that faculty However, senate set a Jan,’ 30 dissension has been one limiting (in coloyr) deadline on when new information factor, I believe it to be a considcan be received in time for the erable tribute to the department 1-8x 10 Mounted body’s Feb.’ 16,meeting. and its full and part-time faculty NO.1 2-5x 7 Mounted 33.00 that our intrinsic The report,; drafted by a senate, _ and students 4-Wallets \ . task force, examines in detail the educational endeavor has been I2 2-5 x 7 Mounted three programs offered by the de- adequately though not optimally the professor states in partment and proposes-they be sustained,” ’ 4-4x5Mounted ’ . No.,2 38.00 a written submission to senate. phased out due to questionable 8-Wallets academic standards, which the re“~With some setbacks, the gen. 2-8x 10 Framed eral atmosphere in the department port attributes to continued strife has improved markedly over the among faculty. No. 3 2-5 x 7 Mounted 44.00 Several students and professors past year and a half; the’ bark of 2-4 x 5 Mounted suggested that instead of shutting privately._ expressed--conflict, fac. __ tionalism, dissension, etc.) has usually much exceeded its bite in practice.” Barret-Lennard said that though the department is small, “it is widely known and a source of encouragement to people in numerous other academic and service institutions .” He added that the program’sgraduates have jobs and are “strongly valued and successful” in their positions. \ “A significant proportion. of students within the program hold substantial professional and conimunity service positions during the completion of their program or while studying on a part-time basis _” The professor said he’s assembling a document which will say what type of jobs the department’s graduates hold. He asked senate to “recommit” itself to the department and consider the program as a “priority area”. He also recommended that a new chairman be appointed to head the department. BarresLennard said the final recommendation of the task force’s report came as a surprise to him since during the six-month review of the department there was never any indication bf scrapping it. “I feel like a person going to confession for my sins and then Arts Lecture Bldg. Arts &, Integrated Studies: being issued an excommunication Y edict.” . Environmental Studies: Social Sciences Bldg. Barret-Lepnard has been with Engineering: .Eng.IV ’ UW since 1966 and was behind the

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28,1976

The polls will be open from 9:30 a.m. t64:30 p.m.. L’D.cards must be presented to vote. Voting will be by faculties, with polling stations located.in the main foyers of the following buildings: ’

Mathematics: Math & Comp. (3rd ‘floor) . , H;K.L.S.: I Phys. Act. (red north) Chem*.-Biol. Link Science: (for Opt., see below) Renison: Renison CollegeSt. Jerome’s: *. . St. Jerome’s College Optometry: special poll -from ’ 1 1130 a.m. to I’:30 p.m. only: Optometry Bldg. At-a-f! other times, vote at Science poll.

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NOTE: Graduate Students will vote by faculty at locations as1 -listed above, and will vote far . PRESIDENT ONLY. ’ _ The wording of the referendum will be as follows and-you will be ‘asked. to indicate ‘your preference: \ ( )’ That the Federation of Students, University of Waterloo, shal I tiecome

. a member of the National Union of Students, and for this purpose should request the Board of Governors of the University of Waterloo to increase the current incidental fee administered by the Federation of Students by $1 .OOper academic year (eight months) \or $50 per academic term-(four months). Should the National Union of Students cease to exist, this fee increase shall be rescinded immediately.

( .

23, 1976

/ Sena$e defers- HRCS axing

’

januaw

) --That-the Federation of Students, University of Waterlooj not become a member of the National Union of Students. i Election \C.ommii$ee .-

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The intercollegiate fee which all students pay as part of their registration is likely to be increased by two dollars. The fee is currently $20 per student. The executive board of governors agreed on Tuesday to recommend the increase to the full board when it meets Feb. 3, Student federation president, John Shortall, said in a letter to U W gresidentl, Burt Matthews, dated.Dec. 17 last year that the student federation had no objection to the proposed increase. Shortall also wrote: “The $2.00 increase does not seem unreasonable given the rising costs which all of us must contend with. In addition, we don’t believe a referendum, is necessary given the enthusiastic support intercollegiate athletics is enjoying. This in no way precludes the possibilty of referenda in future years, aswe believe the students should have the opportunity to reassess the program on a regular basis. We support your recommendation for an increase.” Three years ago a referendum was held on the.$20 fee. L

move to set up the new department in 1972 as an off-shoot of the psychology department. The objectives of the department included training in family and group counselling, communications and teaching skills. Though most senators felt a decision on the department should be put off, one senator, Ken Davis who is a history teacher, said ‘the Arts Faculty council, when approving courses for human relations and counselling studies, noted there was considerable “duplication’ ’ of courses with other departments. s The courses were then sent back to the department for further clarificatiin but a different faculty member with a different interpretation of the courses repeatedly re- ’ turned to council, Davis said. They were finally approved because the department needed some courses to teach, he added. The duplication of courses prompted Davis to ask: “Is this really a unique program?” Davis said he’searched for “a unique and centralizing theme” in Barret-Lennard’s brief but could find nothing. - Other presentations to’ senate included a petition from undergraduate students and an oral submission from graduates, both calling for the deferral of the report’s recommendation. Lynn Watt, chairman ofthe task force, and who is also UW’s graduatedean, said that though the department’s original goals were worthwhile they weren’t achieved. He added the department “is probably incapable of achieving its original goal as presently constituted and no progress will ever be made” toward it. “If the graduate program is to be phased out then the undergraduate one should also be eliminated as the latter isn’t sufficiently strong enough.” Watt said that the “breakdown of communication betw.een fdculty reflected itself in the breakdown of communication between faculty and students. ” Referring to Barret-Lennard’s presentation, Watt said he didn’t feel any information had been submitted to senate that the task force hadn’t already considered. As for firing some of the faculty to reduce dissension, Watt said the task force would then have to recommend that everyone in the department be axed. The-report says that after hearing several remarks from people within the department it became evident the internal strife could be resolved if “certain individuals were removed. ’ ’ But these same people, who were identified as “faculty and others” in the report, couldn’t by any means agree on which members of the department would have to be removed “to solve the problem.” * The report also says that the department wouldn’t become ‘ ‘viable” simply by firing faculty as the professors are split in two “diametrically opposed” philosophical camps. “The division is one of fundamental philosaphy and one that most of the faculty involved be-. lieve to be insoluble.” , Watt said the task force felt the UW’s resources could be used in other areas and result “in a higher pay-off to the university.” If the department is indeed phased out, students will be allowed to complete their degrees, Watt said. In the three years the department has existed, about 30 students have graduated with masters and five with doctorals. Presently there are 14 doctoral students, 29 masters and 33 undergraduates in the department. _\

, -john

morris

riday,

january

23, 1976

the chevron

Mawema concluded with: “Why don’t you come with us? why don’t you walk with us, from Southern Rhodesia the land of our suffering to Zimbabwe the land of The audience reour hopes?” sponded with a standing ovation. A large basket was handed around and the moral support was transformed into $1,644 cash and pledges for another $384. Mawema said the money will be‘ used to buy food, medicines, education material, and to pay for legal defence of freedom fighters held in Rhodesian prisons, and to provide transportation It will also be used for the general welfare of the people and rehabilitation of former political prisoners and their families in the liberated areas. Mawema spoke eloquently about what oppression is to a black in Zimbabwe. They live in a system which exploits them’ segregates them and denies them their rights. That experience, is, impossible to understand, he said clenching his fist to his heart, “until you can feel the heartbeat of oppression’ ’ . For blacks in Zimbabwe that means listening to a missionary talk of a white Christmas in a country which has never seen snow. It means being brought up in a culture which views the black person as a mental deficient born only to serve a white. It means that an African can only be considered educated, Mawema said, if he wears a suit, bears an English name and speaks with a refined English accent; eats with a knife and fork and 6‘can handle a napkin.” The people who try and perpetuate that system are the enemies of the Zimbabwean people, he declared. But he cautioned that those enemies are not classified by race and color. He said they were fighting an international collaboration of forces who support Smith. Those forces include several European governments and the US administration. Mawema said: “jobless Vietnam vets now fly those bombers not destroyed by our comrades in Vietnam, and are dropping the same eggs in Mozambique.” (Some geurrilla forces operate out of Mozambique.) He said there were also about 500 West German troops fighting on Smith’s side. But on the liberation forces side their has been a significant development, he said. ZAPU forces -the Zimbabwe African People’s

t One hundred people dug well nto their pockets and donated bver $2,000 in support of freedom ighters in Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia) at a meeting on Monlay. The meeting was part of a tour by Micheal Mawema, nationaI or;anizing secretary of the Zimlabwe African National Union ZANU) and a member of its naional executive. Mawema is touring the country :xplaining the armed struggle his jeople are waging against the ra-

cist Smith government in Rhodesia and appealing for help. From the start Mawema was well received. He was welcomed by representatives of the Global Community Centre, the African Students Association, the AntiImperialist Alliance, and the International Students Association, who all sponsored the meeting in conjunction with the student federation. Then following a spirited and at times emotive speech which

l’ORONT0 (CUP)-Organized labor in Ontario has spoken on the issue If tuition fee hikes and the funding of post-secondary education. And their stand endorses the position of the provinces student rnions-that the funds needed to finance colleges and universities come ram taxes, rather than from the individual student. In its brief to the special provincial committee now studying student lid, the 800,000 member Ontario Federation of Labor (OFL) calls for: -the abolition of tuition fees; -a living stipend for students in the form of grants rather than loans; and -a special tax on corporations to support the post-secondary system. The OFL stand reaffirms the policies it has endorsed “for many rears”’ according to an OFL spokesperson. It also conforms to that of he Ontario Federation of Students (OFS), which represents over 00,800 students. Like the OFS, the OFL rejects the recommendations recently made by L provincial spending review commission that tuition be increased and he present loan-grant aid system be replaced by an all-loan scheme. The OFL says in its brief it can “in no rational manner comprehend my system of equality of opportunity in education without the eliminaion of all tuition fees. ” The OFL says it shares the province’s concern over the high cost of :ducation, but meeting this problem by cutting back on necessary exlenses and increasing revenue at the expense of the student would be a nistake. . F The government would be better off looking for cost savings through :xpanded use of existing community facilities, more on-the-job training n suitable programmes, and adopting a less structured and less costly approach to education, the brief states. ‘“The present concept of a set curriculum leading to set knowledge or Ikills stamped with approval through a piece of paper must be replaced vith a flexible system combining competence, experience and proven ability.” The OFL also expresses concern over funding the post-secondary ,ystem out of revenue generated through the present tax system. Under the present&x system, everyone-especially those in the lower md middle income brackets-pays for post-secondary education, but it s the rich who benefit considerably from a well educated labour force to ‘further ease the cost burden.” This position is echoed in the OFS brief to the student aid committee, which also stresses the fact that post-secondary education is unattainable ‘or many low and middle income people because of the high cost insolved .

Michael Mawema, National Organising Secretary for the Zimbabwe African National Union, pointed to the sign behind him which read “Pamberi Me Chimurenga” (forward the revolution) and explained to an audience in the optometry building that armed struggle was the only way his people would gain their freedom. photo by peter thompson

Union is the other black political in Rhodesia which group is led by Joshua Nkomo who has chosen to negotiate with Smith-having no faith in Nkomo’s conciliatory politics have decided to join with the ZANU forces. He also said the youth of Zimbabwe are flooding into ZANU training camps. These forces, he said, are fighting to establish an independent socialist state in Africa. When that happens he said there will be a return to the African tradition that the land belongs to the people. He said Nelson Rockefeller, owns most of the chicken farms in Rhodesia and promised that after liberation there will be no absentee landlords. Details background

-neil docherty help required and story on page 73.

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friday,

january

23, 1976

UW rents warehouse\

Bbi’Motor

In case“ you haven’t noticed it yet, UW is faced with a severe problem-lack of space. This lack of space is reflected in overcrowded classrooms, inadequate laboratory and study facilities, and makeshift offices for faculty. The reason for the problem, according to UW president Burt Matthe-ws, is the 1972 provincial freeze on capital (i.e. building construction) grants for universities and ever increasing enrolment. Matthews, at a regularly scheduled news conference yesterday, announced that since , there’s little chance of the freeze. being lifted, the university will have to reat off-campus space. The first such rental will involve 30,000 sq. ft. at a yet-to-beconstructed warehouse next to the architecture building on Philip Street. The 5‘warehouse type of buiiding” will be constructed by the Marsland Company of Waterloo, and it should be ready by September. ,The cost each year will be about -$lOO,OOO if one includes the rental fee for *the present’ architecture site, Matthews estimated. And that figure doesn’t include light, heat and tax&. UW plans to move the recrea-

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tion department to the new facility, together with part of the fine arts department and the. Environmental Studies faculty, the presi\ dent said. There’s also the possibility of the Waterloo Welding Institute occupying 6,000 sq. ft. if it “comes to campus ,” Matthews said. He added that the institute’s move to UW will be discussred at the Feb.. 3 board of governors meeting. The recreation department will be entitled to lo-12,000 sq. ft., fine arts to 4,000 sq. ft. and Environmental Studies to 7,000 sq. ft. The remainder will be taken up by corridors . Recreation now occupies part of the sixth floor of the mathematics and computer building, and its vacated space will be taken over by the kinesiology department, the president said. “In toto, we will be renting a minimum of 30,000 sq. ft. and we could rent an additional 6,000. sq. ft. for the Welding Institute. “And there’s a very great advantage of having th& buildings together at the Philip Street site.” The president said the mqve must be viewed as a.“stop-gap measure as we are being pushed right to the wall.” He said while the province’s freeze h& been in effect, enrolment has increased by about 15 per cent. “We don’ intend to grow much more, and we’ll be happy if we could get enough space to cover what we have now.” The projected enrolment ceiling at UW is 14,500 which includes students on their co-op work terms. At present students number Bround 14,000. * Matthews said -he has given up hope the provincial freeze will

ever be hated. “The freeze on capital expenditures has gotten deeper. . . I thought in 1972 that it would be only temporary.” Asked about student and faculty reaction to the move, Matthews said that while he could sympathize with their gripes he couldn’t think of any alternatives. ‘ ‘I’ve read briefs from students and professors objecting to it, and I can understand their concerns. “The reason why recreation had to move off-campus is because other departments were the first on the scene. It’s a historical fact.” In another matter, Matthews said lie’s going to allow free distribution of Like It Is magazine on campus despite a student federation request that he ban the publication. The magazine will be distributed at the UW bookstore, and the two student village tuck shops. The federation, along with. the Ontario Federation of Students and the National Union of Students, argues the magazine should be banned bacause it has access‘ to a “captive market” and could siphon off potential advertising revenue from student publications. The federation passed a motion at a recent student council meeting which calls for the banning of all unauthorized advertising on campus. However, the university has the final say on such matters. Matthews said he doesn’t buy the argument of the federation because he feels the chevron’s advertising revenue won’t be affected by a publication which caters to national advertisers. He pointed out that the chevron carries a lot more loc@ advertising than national. -john

morris

e :fees u Like most other things living. in of governors at their next meeting feb. 3. residence is likely to be more expensive for students next year. So to lay your head on a village bed next year will cost you $820 It was recommended to the executive committee of the board of per term f0.r a single room-up governors on Tuesday that resiTom $760. The per term fee for an interconnecting room will be dence fees be increased by an avfrom $735 while for a erage of 7.8 per cent. That’s just a $792.50-up shade I below the provincial double room it will be $765 up from government’s 8 per. cent ceiling on ’ $7 1O.aThe new fqes will go into efrent increases.’ feet September i’, 1976. The increases designed to meet Rents on married students higher costs expected next year apartments will also be increased (particularly energy costs) will though in each-case the rise is less have to be approved by the board than five per cent.

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Hare/takes on cinatii changes+

UNIVERSITY -YEAR’

contemporary climates also. Hare Whether or not we are in the midst of a change in the world’s ’ did not mean to suggest that these changes are random, just that they climate was what Kenneth Hare have not been satisfactorily expdealt with on Tuesday. lained. Hare, the director of ihe Uni“The only thing .we know for versity of Toronto’s Institute of sure is that hostile variations have Environmental Studies, gave a talk climatic hit the land, adversely affecting on “contemporary * food production, habitation and change”. he said. Hare warned that the stability of economics,” In a closed system such as the our present system should not atmosphere, there is no cause and allow us to become complacent effect and not enough statistical about atmospheric conditions. control making long-range predicMassive changes in the past, tions very difficult, Hare said. such as the ice age of 10,000 years Models can be made but they usuago, should serve as a warning that ally don’t reach completion until drastic unexplainable and unpreafter the fact. dictable Fhanges are possible. Ten days, is the longest climatic The climatic condition of the forecast presently possible and world is extraordinarily complex Hare suggested that this is probaand infinitely variable. bly the longest it will ever be. The jump from the glacial mode In order to sudy atmospheric to the non-glacial mode was very conditions adequately, the close quick and it remains a mystery cooperation of climatologists and how such large energy deliveries meteorologists around the world is could have been made in those a necessary reality. Hare expreslatitudes of the northern hemissed his wish that all fields of study phere. were in this position. There have’ been ‘instan@neous -bra mclachlan jump-s from one mode to another in ‘111 . I. I \ L’;i** ‘, . I & .I’& , c

friday,

january

23, 1976

Once you discover the Museum and Archives of Games, located on the sixth floor of the Math and Computer building, department of recreation, it is difficult not to visit it again. For not only is it a museum, exhibiting both ancient and new games from all over the world, but it is also a recreation room. You can stay and play all of the puzzles and games on display. And if you want to find out more about a certain game or how to play it, then there are two good sources available. One of them is Marion Kooistra, a second year co-op student in recreation. She is in charge of the museum as part of her work term project and is more than willing to give you some historical background on the games and a description of how they work. The other source comes from the Archives, located inside the museum room. It records about one thousand documents on various aspects about games. All the games in the museum are coded with a number which the visitor can then look up in an Index book of Citations where he can obtain an interesting account about the origins and rules of the games. The book holds about 827 citations on games, including articles from books and magazines. There is also an extensive library in the museum, offering books that not only describe the historical background of games, but also explain their sociology and psychology. The museum is a brain child of Elliot Avedon, a recreation professor in the Faculty of Human Kinetics and Leisure Studies,

the chevron

specializing in the sociology of leisure. It originated from research done by Avedon for a book on The Study of Games which was published in 1971 under the authors Avedon and Sutton-Smith. People from different countries star’ted to send Avedon games as gifts. Avedon also collected games himself through his own travels and while doing research on the book. He soon gathered enough to establish the museum of games at UW in 1973. The Archives also started as source material for his books and just grew. As a result, UW is North America’s, or perhaps even the world’s first owner of a museum of Games. The games have both visual and tactile appeal. They are all made out of natural, good-quality material. For they are meant to be prototypes of games that have been used throughout the years. For example, there is a beautiful fifty year old Mah Jong set from China made out of ivory. Other treasures of the museum include a mother pearl Syrian chess board, inlaid with wood, a Lebanese cribbage board, a backgammon set from fifth avenue New York, made out of leather and cork, a brail bingo and a brail scrabble game, and a miniature set of dominos from Mexico, made out of bones. Several original African games popularly known as Count and Capture are also on display. AlI of them are hand carved out of different types of wood. One of these, called a Wari board, has a curious history. Avedon fast saw it in a travel adver-

tisement on the Caribbean. The article showed a series of pictures which included the Wari board. Avedon wrote to the people to ask them about the board and received a reply that said it was an hors d’oeuvre board and could be bought. He wrote back, telling them that the board had all the qualities of being a Wari board. The people then checked with the carver of the board, who had learnt his craft from his father who in turn learnt it from his father who was a slave brought over from Africa. The board was indeed a Wari game and not an hors d’oeuvre tray. Count and Capture is considered one oldest games. It . . of the . world’s . is based on the abacus. Two people play together using sea beans, shells or ivory balls. The purpose is to capture all of the opponent’s counters. Another ancient board game that can be found in the museum is called the game of ‘Go’. It consists of a wooden board, and a bowl or a box of black and white stones. “According to legend, it originated in China more than 4000 years ago. About 1200 years ago it was introduced into Japan, where it has achieved such popularity that it is considered the national game of that country,” Avedon said. Go is now played in most of the countries of Europe, in South Africa, and in North and South America. Some of the games are very unique in the sense that they are virtually impossible to find nowadays, or are no longer produced. One of these is an eskimo l

-photo

“gambling game”. It consists of bones and a leather bag. The picture was shown in last weeks chevron.

One method of playing this game is to shake up the bones in the bag and then divide them into two piles for two players. The bones are of two different varieties, usually of seal and bird. The object of the game is to find all the seal bones and shape them into a seal’s flip per. These are just a few samples of the many games on display in the museum. In fact, the list is an ever increasing one as Avedon’s collection continues to grow from his own travels and from field trips to Europe with students, as part of a course entitled comparative recreation systems 406. A set of wooden pick-up sticks from Stockholm and a book from

by dave Watson

Sweden on some history of games were added to the museum as a result of one of these field trips. Indeed, the collection has become so large, that the biggest problem facing the museum is lack of space. The museum was originally meant to have more room, but the 1972 provincial embargo on university buildings construction prevented this. Several games have not been put on display simply because there is no more room. Sometimes there is also a line up of students who want to go in and play the games. However, despite cramped quarters, the Museum, and Archives of Games is still very much worth a visit. (The museum is open Tuesdays and Thursdays 1 to 4 pm-1 Anyone for a game of Shisima? -isabella

Book freaks get bookstore co-up

Kitchener area book freaks who have been alienated by the rampant inflation, poor selection, and impersonal treatment doled out by the community’s bookstores now have an alternative source of books and periodicals. Awarehouse Books, a cooperative book warehouse, is now offering a limited number of special-interest titles to the general public. Kitchener has never had a surplus of good bookstores. Although Providence Books, the Book Barn, and Book Corner always carry a certain number of not-usuallyencountered books, most retail outlets display the identical mass-market paperbacks and best-selling hardcovers. For the individual consumer who wants to obtain a specific title not in stock, the only alternatives previously have been to order the book from the publisher through the book store, or go down to Toronto and pick up the book from a special-interest bookshop. The first altema?ive involves seemingly endless waiting periods. The second means spending time in downtown Hogtown. Neither is very attractive. In early October, people already engaged in other co-operative enterprises began discussing means of circumventing the problems of buying unique titles in the region. Their solution is a co-operative wholesale book warehouse. I

The concept is simple: titles are ordered directly from the publisher and offered to consumers at reduced prices. Non-members receive a 10 per cent reduction off the retail list price. People who have paid the $5.00 membership fee get a 20 per cent discount. In addition, members are allowed to help select titles and share in the general decision-making processes of Awarehouse policy. The warehouse has no formal structure per s-e. Members aren’t explicitly required to help out in the warehouse, but a lot of paperwork and bookshelf construction is necessary if the project is to succeed. The topics of special interest to which the co-operative will be catering include Canadian titles, non-sexist children’s books: avant-garde poetry and fiction, books on the situation of women, and non-establishment social science critiques. Plans are being made to obtain a number of unusual and hard-to-find periodicals. Anyone interested in receiving more information about the Awarehouse operation can contact James Campbell at 742-0888 or visit the warehouse at 97 Victoria St. N. one floor above the Marion Centre. Its hours are loam to 6 pm, Wednesdays and Saturdays, and 12 noon to 9 pm, Thursdays and Fridays, starting on January 31. -mike

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friday,

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The choice of castration: What will it solv Should a man who has been deemed mentally ill by the courts be given the right to choose his own castration? This question was one of many posed to a random selection of students in the Campus Centre last Friday. Approximately 50 students were asked to voice their opinions regarding the recent case in Brampton in which Henry Robert Williams, convicted sex slayer, has requested his castration in order to hopefully end his overwhelming sexual drive which has caused him to rape five girls and kill two of them. The first thing learned from the interviews was that despite extensive media coverage a large number of UW students had not heard anything of the case. A major problem raised in this case is that of insanity. Although Mr. Justice Edson Haines agrees that Williams is mentally ill, he is unsure as to whether or not the plea of not guilty due to insanity applies. In order to be free of guilt the accused must prove he did not

know what he was doing at the time: that is insanity. To be mentally ill is to be sick, but also to be somewhat aware of one’s own actions . One female student came up with the age-old comment that “Insanity is a hard thing to define. Everyone is insane in their own way.” And one male student summed up his opinion saying: “Castration seems pretty harsh but if he agrees to it, do it! It’s his body. Everyone is saying everyone’s insane. That’s a bunch of crap. If he’s willing he must feel it’ll help him.” A large number of those interviewed were of the opinion that since it is his body, Williams has the choice of what to do with it. But that leaves open the question raised by one student. “Does the man who is insane have the right to get himself castrated whereas a ‘sane’ man can’t let himself die if he wants to? I mean, does your body belong to you or not?” When asked for her opinions on the case one woman condemned castration, comparing it to the barbaric practise of cutting off a

Postal s fights plagiarism WASHINGTON (CUP)-The U.S. Government seems to be winning the battle against the term-paper companies. “We have been successful in all but one of our cases,” said Postal Services lawyer Thomas Ziebarth. “We think we are stopping the computerized plagiarism that was so prevalent on the campuses a few years ago .” The nation-wide term paper trade opened up in the 1970’s when entrepreneurs took advantage of the computer tee hnology . Educators spoke out against the trade but the government at first

thought it had no legal basis for moving against the mail-order companies. But in 1973 the government won its first case. The court of appeals in Boston held that when the professor is misled, that is using the mails to misrepresent. The Postal Service has used this precedent to win nine of ten recent cases against term paper companies Ziebarth said. “Now we are winning the battle,” he said. “The term paper industry is much smaller now. The Spector of being closed down has relegated it more to an under-thecounter business .”

thief’s hands. Her line of thinking was rather bluntly stated when a guy said that William’s problem is “not his balls, it’s his head, man.” Another student who strongly supported castration said she would feel safer walking the streets of Toronto if all convicted rapists were castrated.

When further questioned she changed her mind completely. What caused her to do so was the reasoning that it was not actual rape that is the only violent thing which can happen. As one woman said, “There’s all kinds of other sexual mutilations the guy can go into.” Probably the most surprising result of the survey was the number of men who absolutely detest sex slayers. Most of the women asked to state their opinions refused, even though they knew of the case, but all the males commented. Many of the men expressed

january

23, 1976

opinions such as: “He didn’t give the girls much of a chance so why give him a chance? I think sex slayers should be hung or shot or given the electric chair.” “Shoot him!” “I guess it’s like a lobotomy, it may make him passive. But he’s killed two and been found guilty of raping three, eh? Well I think they should shoot him!” ‘ ‘Kill the bastard !’ ’ One male student expressed a different belief: “I think castration is a good thing. Everyone should be castrated.” -pete

leuthard

sex differences

What psychologists get up to “Did you ever have data you wanted to lose?” Susan Harter, a psychology professor from the University of Denver, asked the audience this question at a lecture she gave on “Sex Differences in Children’s Mastery. In her research in developmental psychology, Harter’ said, “I discovered sex differences I didn’t want to find.” Harter’s research distinguishes two motivational systems: intrinsic mastery motivation where a child is motivated by curiosity and the pleasure of mastering a given task and extrinsic mastery motivation where the child is motivated by external approval. In young children external praise increases or maintains the motivation to make mastery attempts. “Too often girls are not praised for their mastery and get stuck on the failure side of effectance motivation,’ ’ Harter said. Boys are more proficient at visual-motor spatial tasks and prefer automated discrimination tasks. Girls consistently showed a greater need for approval on these tasks. No sex differences in intrinsic motivation were found on verbal tasks such as anagrams that girls are more or equally proficient in. In an experiment with six year old children the girls showed greater pleasure in solving the easier

puzzles whereas the boys showed greater pleasure in solving the harder puzzles. There was a within-sex variability for girls in this experiment. When asked which puzzles they enjoy more, l/3 enjoyed hard puzzles and 2/3 enjoyed easy ones. Harter said, “Among younger children there is. a greater withinsex variability for girls than boys and the performance of some girls is indistinguishable from boys with regard to intrinsic mastery motivation.” This within-sex difference occurs because “some of these girls haven’t been got to yet.” The older the children are the more apparent the sex differences become. “By the time girls are 13 they are more interested in being flirtatious and seductive than solving problems ,” Harter said. Another experiment tested motivational responses to tasks in a game situation where children were marked on their performance. In the game setting both boys and girls seek out the challenging tasks whereas in the grade setting they chose less challenging tasks and girls chose less difficult ones than boys. From this study Harter concluded that “grades encourage an external orientation and dampen intrinsic enthusiasm.” Harter tested the relevance of

extrinsic and intrinsic behaviour in two different school settings: the traditional school and the open school . These children were asked questions such as, “Some kids like to _listen to the teacher and other kids like to ask more questions. What do you like to do?” Harter found girls and the children in the traditional school gave more external reasons, they liked to listen to the teacher and get good grades rather than ask questions or explore subjects that interes ted them. “Developmental psychologists should be searching for the antecedents of these sex differences, ” Harter said. The antecedents she listed are: “Girls are not encouraged to master problems or explore their environment when they are very young.” Girls are not given the external approval for mastery that they need to reinforce continued mastery attempts. Many parents let their little boys roam about experimenting with new objects and sensations while little girls are “supposed to sit still and stay clean and neat.” Harter recommends a “revolution in child rearing, giving girls and women more choices so that they can become intrinsically motivated and are not limited to being either dumb and pretty or masculine and intelligent.” -judy

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-friday,

january

the chevron

23, 1976

rican forces had begun to operate, inside Rhodesia, in support of the Smith regime. ZANU forces managed to penetrate the combined defences of the Rhodesian and South

be destroyed. In collusion with Vorster in South Africa, and with U.S. arrd British imperialists, Smith. initiated a policy of detente, holding out the promise of negotiations leading to majority rule To

liberated the entire north-eastern part of Zimbabwe., Their f&-ces stood within 23 miles of Salisbury. (ZANU presently controls an area the size of the state of Mississippi). The figbting ability, continual movement, and victories of ZANU

released all collaboratior&t and revisionist politicians from detention, and promoted Joshua Nkomo as a “reasonable” black man to represent the African people. This period of detente, the year

patience

Zimbabwe, fights for f reedon? qfrican forcesy and by1974 had *.

The present armed struggle against Ian Smith’s regime in Southern Rhodesia began taking shape in 1%3-4, once the people of Zimbabwe had found there is no constitutional road to majority r$e. Micihael Mawema, now a member of the central committee of the Zimbabwe African National Union, tdok a leading role in A&ican nationalist politics during these past many years. He described the origin and progress of the armed struggle, Chimurenga, in a recent interview. The first armed resistance to British colonial rule arose & early as 1893. Since those days, the war of liberation has seen setbacks, but the desire of the Zimbabwe people to grasp their birthright has not been stilled. During the 1940s and 195Os, Africari nationalist movements arose, asking for social reforms and taking a conciliatory stance toward the colonial regime. Political conditions and the psychology of the time dictated that AfYicans plead with their oppressor for understanding and sympathy. The idea was to tell the white man that it was wrong for him to oppress, to discriminate against, and to segrate Africans. It was along these conciliatory politic& lines that the African National Congress, much enlarged and unified in 1957,. und?rtook negotiations with local and central government officials. The ANC began to sink roots in the iural communities, and began to take shape as a mass organization. In order to frustrate rising opposition to the government, the white minority settlers have continuou sly banned African nationalist movements. The African National Congress was banned in 1959, but was replaced on January ‘1, 1960 by the National Democratic Party, with Michael Mawema as founding president. This party put aside reformist politics to take up political action dedanding self-determination and the principle of one man one vote. From the British government they demanded a constitution&I conference. They adopted the name Zimbabwe (meaning “stone houses”) for their country. “It was under my leadership that, for the first time, the people of Zimbabwe came out resisting and protesting against my arrest in July 1960, that they led the first violent demonstrations against the Rhodesian government ,” Mawema recalls. The white settler felt his power

was threatened. “He was confronted by people who were fighting for their birthright and this birthright was demanded in terms of political power. ” African demonstrators were shot by government troops ; white industrial plants were burned, The National Democratic Party was banned, to be replaced by ZAPU, the Zimbabwe African People’s Union.- As soon as the new organization took up resistance, it too was banned. There followed a futile attgmpt at politics in exile. Under Joshua Nkomo, the party in exile fell into disarray. In 1963, the party split over the question of taking up arms against the Rhodesian government. Those who opted for armed struggle formed ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union. ZANU was formed in August 1963 under the leadership of Ndabaningi Sithole, with the late Theopold Takawira as vicepresident. Joshua Nkomo returned fro9 exile to form a group in opposition to ZANU, but both parties were banned in 1964. Thousands were arrested and detained by the regime, including the entire national, central, provincial, district, and branch leadership of ZANU. Political development within the party continued, and political consciousness remained high. In 1971, the African National Council (ANC) was formed in resistance to forces of political sellout. It is the ANC which operates as a political, party in Rhodesia today, and which is used by ZANU for politicizing the masses ‘of the countryAs eafiy as 1963, before ZANU was banned, it organized urban guerrilla warfare, terrorizing the racist settlers. Once the party was banned, it undertook armed struggle. The Central Committee of ZANU, mostly in prison, commissioned their comrade Herbert Chitepo to set up a military structure. The young people of Zimbabwe were organized to walk to training camps in Tanzania. This process proceeded slowly but steadily, despite government propaganda and the activities of informers. In 1966 the battle at Sinoia brought armed confrontation within 100 miles -of . Salisbury. During the first four years of armed struggle, 1%6-1970, ZANU operated under heavy pressures. The armies trained in Taazania had to cross Zambia, then cross the Zambezi river, before they could enter Zimbabwe. South Af.

A plea for aid The large scale collection of material support for the Zimbabwe people’s struggle has begun on a nationwide scale in Canada. An ad-hoc local committee was formed in connection with Michael Mawema’s visit to KitchenerWaterloo on Monday, to take up this work. ZANU is specifically requesting, as aid from the Canadian people to the Zimbabwe people: 1. Funds and material for the rehabilitation of people released from detention in Zimbabwe. ‘ 2. Funds to supply food for all the people engaged in revolution both inside and outside Zimbabwe. 3. Large supplies of medicine, as well as mobile clinics, to reach an often mobile population, now living in makeshift--refugee homes. 4. Clothing of all sorts, for women, men, and children, includ-

ing used clothing. 5. Funds for legal defence of those threatened with execution in Zambia and Rhodesia. 6. i;‘unds and material to educate young people in refugee camps and concentration camps, as well as Z&U cadre. 7. Funds to provide services to destitute families, families of murdered comrades, of political prisoners , of those disabled in .combat, ’ and of those engaged in armed struggle. 8. Transportation and communication E&ties for use in all atias of the struggle. Those wishing to volunteer for t&s work are asked’ to contact Henry Crapo, in the Department of Pure Mathematics. He can be reached on university extension 3489, or by a message left at extension 3484. .’

ZANU

for the politics

6if detente. the total sup-

commands

port of the youth in Zimbabwe. With Mozambique Il’berated, training camps have been established close to Zimbabwe, across a long and indefensible land fi-ontier. “ZANU’s military camps are overflowing with guerriIlas,” says Mawema. In recent days, all ZANU forces in Zambia have been airlifted to military camps in Mozambique, to ; join their comrades for the assault on their homeland. The threat of increased superpower intervention is real. The U.S. supplies Viet Nam veterans and military hardware to the Rhodesian government. It maintains and controls the entire economy of South AfKca. Soviet social-imperialists have continuously supported ZAPU, and con-

confusethe politicalscenestith

tinue to give fwncial Nkomo.

forces created chaos among the white racist settler minorities. Farmers ran away from their farms. Smith’s propaganda was to no avail in these rural areas. Its vulnerability now visible to all, the regime resorted to destructive and inhumane practices in the countryside. Toward the end of 1974, the Smith regime realized it would have to negotiate with ZANU, or

Arts -Math

1975, was a crushing setback to ZANU. Herbert Chitepo, leader of the ZANU Military High Command, was assassinated. The Zambian government arrested and detained more than one hundred and fifty of t’he ZANU army leadership, including the members of the ZANU Central Committee. In recent months the situation has shown marked improvement. The Zimbabwe people have no

- ESS Week

support

MONDAY 12 noon TUG of WAR in ARTS QUAD h 7 pm Duplicate Bridge Tourney MC 3rd FLOOR Lounge

TUESDAY

12 noon Spelling Bee HH 280 7:30 pm Wine and Cheese MC 5136 $50 sot members $.75 others

. . ‘*

WEDNESDAY 12:30 pm Slide Rule Contest MC 3rd FLOOR Lounge \ A Red Garter Pub, Band is Me & Mr. T. Come to the CC . Pub FREE Admission Arts-ESS-Math $.74 others

THURSDAY 12 nobn Toboggan Races at Conrad Grebel \ Hockey, Bridge, Euchre, Cribbage, MC 9136 7 pm Games Night

FRIDAY Al:30 am All Day Broomball TOURNEY at St. Clements Arena I $5 Entry Fee MAJOR prizes

SATURDAY. CONVERGENCE

1976 SEMI-FORMAL ’ ’ ,.-with ’ $10 couple members “FULL HOUSE” $12 couple members

at the CONCORDIA CLUB 8:00-pm Sit Down Dinner (Veal) 9:00 pm Dance NOTE: to enter any event leave YOUR. name in a SOCIETY QFFIbE PRIZES FOR ALL EVENTS

But in recent days, the armed forces of ZAPU (much smaller in number than those of ZANU), rejecting the conciliatory politics of their leader Nkomo, have formed a united military command with ZANU. This unification of all military forces in Zimbabwe was achieved in full awareness of the situation in Angola. The people of Zimbabwe desire at all costs to prevent the superpowers from creating divisions within the hiration movement. ZANU now has the largest military force in the country, Mawema says. “Given the support which we believe the people of Canada atid the people ‘of the world will give us, and given the means to train and to put our people in readiness, we are ready to give what will be the hardest blow, if not the last blow to the white racist minority regime of Ian SlIlith” . ZANU will soon launch massive resistance movements across Zimbabwe, politicizing the mas-’ ses, preparing them to support guerrilla activity in both urban and ruralareas. . --henry crap0

Feb.. 2-7,976

’

I ’

/j .

. the chevron

. Phil Fkrnandez .

fridaj

This is the most important election yet at the University of Waterloo. My investigations have shown that many students are dissatisfied, angry and upset. The major concern is the edication cutbacks. Many students are worried that they won’t be able to afford to come back to school next year; many are anxious about finding jobs, being able to afford a decent place to live, and about the quality of their edtication. Already student services have been drastically reduced e.g. health, counselling, library and even food services. Other manifestations of the cutbacks’ are: increased class sizes, fewer facilities and engineering and science students wilI have to make do with obsolete laboratory equipment. The History Dept. is being drastically reorganized due to budget restrictions and within the Faculty of Arts there will be a reduction in the Spring and Summer Programmes. Already one whole department, HR&CS, has been threatened with extinction. And the future promises nothing but renewed assault on universities’ and students as evidenced in a recently released Ontario government report (the ., Henderson report). This report suggests inci-easing the loan portion while decreasing the grant portion of student aid, and also talks of a 65 per cent tuition fee increase or a massive reduction in teaching staff. In Jiew of all this what has the Federation done? My investigation amdng students has shown that feti of them know what the federation is up to. What they do know, however, is that the current federation is a small, elitist clique of bureaucrats dedicated to serving their own interests, and detached from the students. - It is this is&e of opposing the cutbacks whieh

The federation has admitted its failure to lead, several times b the chevron, and that they are not capable of providing students with adequate representation. This is illustrated by their inability to even muster quorum at council meetings‘. Not only do they fail to lead, they also squander our money. In a budget of more than a quarter of a million dollars, the Board of Entertainment receives $46,500. This past year they lost $5,000 on a circus, $5,500 on a Leonard Cohen concert, and threw away $1,000 on a Mtirray McLaughlin concert. Their explanation ? “Money seems to be tight on campus this year” (quoted in Chevron Nov. 14, 1975).

It certainly is tight for the clubs and organizations and societies which provide most of the real activity on campus. More than 50 of these groups have to share a meagre $15,000, then go begging to the boards for more money. Bureaucrats have also spent a lot of time flirting with proposals for passes and expense accounts for themselves. This misuse of funds points out one thing-the Federation leadership is totally out of touch with students and does not represent their interests. So what must we doi A. Sweep out the bureaucrats!

1) My election is just one step in cleaning out this clique of bureaucrats. 2) I will unite with other student representatives who also oppose the bureaucracy, and encourage those who support this programme to seek election to student .council. 3) It is not enough just to get rid of these people-it is also necessary to reorganize the federation so that a small group cannot manipulate it as they have done in the past, For example, we should examine all full-time paying jobs, such as education coordinator, to see if they are necessary. Jobs created for the sole purpose of employing bureauciats should be abolished. This doesn’t mean all full-time

also have the right to work during vacation break. 3) The fedetition should encourage the initiative of students. This could be done by giving students full information on the issues and organizing them around concrete demands. This is in sharp contrast to the present met@ds employed by the current federation. Fqr example, short 06 a few posters declaring “Coming soon, 65% Tuition Increases? 20% staff cuts?“-and advocating that students “take a ride” to Toronto for a rally, the federation has done precious little to explain the cutbacks to students. Their-organizational campaign to mobilize opposition to the cutbacks consisted ofkone meeting on OSAP during which little clarification was given on the cutbacks, and one bureaucrat even attacked the students. The upcoming NUS referendum is another example of federation bungling. We are being asked to vote on something which has never been explained to us while the federation has already contributed $4,000 to NUS b e f ore students have even cast their votes. C. Oppose

the c&backs:

This election must be decided on who is best equipped to lead the students against the govemment cutbacks. I say we should stand up, organize and fight back. We should oppose this vicious attack on students by the govetient. We should not be made the scapegoats for the present economic crisis. Students can fight back and win. They did so in Quebec l&t year, when under the leadership of a militant and democratic organization (ANEQ), 100,000 students protested and forced the govemment to reverse its hatchet plans for loans and bursaries. 9 We can do the s&me, but only if we have our ov)ln militant and democratic organization. If elected I plan to oppose the cutbacks by: 1) Clarifying the problem to the students and organizing them to resist. 2) Uniting with other organizations representing the people in universities and colleges who are affected by the cutbacks. 3) Uniting with other sections of the population affected by the cutbacks in order to build an effective resistance movement against the attacks of the Ofitario government.

In the past I ha opponent for electi ple. However, the faced at present rn, my mind, regardles In the past year VOTE FOR PHIL FERNANDEZ “Maoists”, purport control of groups s liance (AIA), has e portunistic and pol inevitably been to dents and give all s’ Hello, my name is Shane Roberts and currently munity. I’m the education co-ordiriator of the student federThe federation’s ation. I’ve also served as interim federation presi1975 meeting respc d,ent for four months in 1972-73 and later as a Secoercive actions of nate Tenure Committee member. . tance to the group 1 Below, I’ll outline some of my concerns. Exposing the AI1 In 1976-77, the federation will be confronted with tic methods tiill me many challenges which could test the viability of of abuse from the ; our student organization. campaign. For openers, the University of Waterloo, along Phil Femandeh--i! with Ontario’s 14 other universities. and 22 cornthat the students o munity colleges, is faced with dwindling public know. funding. This public support hasn’t kept pace with . Needless to say, inflation over the last few years, and as a consequcive tactics don’t co ence the quality of our education is seriously In sum, the stude j eopardized . time promoting thei The equipment budget for various faculties has credibility undermil been approaching the vanishing point. Dr. W.A. The federation in McLaughlin, the Dean of Engineering, confirms changes. The stude our fears in spying, “the cutbacks will change the at ways to revitalizc emphasis of our teaching &nd research from its preI intend to promc sent proportion of experimental versus theoretical society co-operatioi to almost entirely the*oreticaI .” that the organizatio In order to counter this deterioration of our eduneeds. To accompli, cation, the federation must engage you, the stuety conferences will dent, in building a forceful and accountable leaderattendance from tht ship. - . At the present tir In addition, the federation must act*in concert fewer than half of t with other student councils across the province to run the university. r ensure that the Ontario minority government __ and administration doesn’t go ahead and increase- tuition fees up to misinformation, it i! 65% as recommended in the Henderson Report. Alrepresentative on al The Senate task ready the province has increased the loan ceiling in the Ontario Student Assistance Prograni from $800 Counselling Studies to $l,ooo. be closed dewn wit1

Sham

Phil Fernandez

makes control of the federation a vital q&&ion in this election. And what do my opponents have to say about opposing. the cutbacks? Looking at their campaign literature we fimd that Bruce Ronison wishes only to “discourage” the cutbacks by having “more concentration on campus cutbacks through’ such things as open forums” while Shane Roberts advocates that the “financial crunch” should be “borne t by the institution” and that students should give “intelligent and responsible” input “in order to minimize the effects of the constraints”. This all too clearly shows that my opponents are calling for students NOT to resist the cutbacks but rather to start making plans on how to go along with implementing the ‘cutbacks in an “intelligent and responsible” manner. In doing this Rorrison and Roberts have shown themselves to be willing allies of Davis, Henderson and Matthews and totally op” posed to the real interests of the students. i The federation’s role is to serve our interests and protect our rights. The current\federation, led by a handful of bureaucrats who .have been around for periods rangipg from three to seven years, has ,_ pqoyep. i~~a.&le of doing this. .

jobs should be abolished. necessary, but these must supervision of the s&dents resentatives . B. Build dents!

a democratic

Some are useful and come under the close and their elected rep-

fiihting

Federation

of Stu-

1) The student federation should be close to the students. Financing must be re-examined, and directed away from the pet projects of the executive. Instead of bringing ih elephants, singers and exCIA agents in extravagant ventures which lose a lot of our money because they lack popular support, the fderation should direct funds into activities which do have support, such as the various clubs and service organizations. Active societies and clubs should be better funded in order to provide more cultural, social and political programmes on campus. 2) The federation should actively defend the rights of students. This applies to the right of students to remain at university despite the government attacks; the right of students to oppose political firings of professors; and the right of international studen@ to study here free from harassment by the’ immigration department. These students should

Shane Roberts

Roberts ,

the chevron

Bruce Rorrisoh - y

I believe that my status as a full time student and my varied experiences in campus activities has enabled me to observe many difficulties in the federation and I propose some solutions to them. Before we can initiate important academic Iand social changes we have to ensure a strong, effcient and responsive federation. At the moment it is not viable enough to even interest elected representatives to make quorum. An organization into which we all pay fees and elect representatives is becoming very distant from us. We need a more humanistic and approachable student federation. We need: ’ -published agendas, meeting times, etc. ; -more in depth coverage by the Chevron; -right to proxy for councillors; -regular accessible meetings at places such as the Campus Centre, Theatre of the Arts, the Villages, etc.; -a designated time each week at which the president is available for student problems. Finally, we must encourage new people with.new ideas into the federation instead of continued reliance on long standing members. Entertainment We must all live at Waterloo for a number of years so the socitil environment becomes quite important to us. Despite the resources available on campus, most social activities are run only through the efforts of a few student societies and residence councils. There must be: -more federationemphasis on co-ordination of the manpower, publicity and finances on campus to produce such things as winter carnivals; -more dances, winter weekends, indoor and outdoor concerts ; -Village and Church C,ollege Assoc. representation on the Board of Entertainment to reaffirm communication between the two., n attacking an atter of princiwhich UW is re that I speak cost. of self-styled students and in Imperialist Al‘or its own opThe result has es, divide stume in the com1 at its Marchlemocratic and ng off all assisd moral. its undemocrave a great deal : course of the he AIA, a fact iave a right to nism and coerble leadership. a hard enough jut having their .aive faction. 1undergo some sent is looking 2tion and interyear to ensure )ond to student ration and soci;ular basis with ncouraged . represented on ommittees that udents , faculty on the basis ofstudents have a

L Relations and the department will happen to /

the undergraduate and graduate students. The task force did not have an undergraduate member to articulate student concerns. GRADE APPEAL procedures differ across the various departments. In order to protect students and reduce confusion, a uniform minimum gradeappeal procedure should be established and the procedure advertised. UW, unlike other universities, doesn’t have a vice-president of student affairs. I propose that the position of OMBUDSPERSON to protect student interest be established. To ensure that the position of ombudsperson is effective, the position will need the joint sponsorship of the federation and the university . COURSE EVALUATIONS are an accepted standard procedure in most faculties. Since course evaluations are an essential resource to both students and faculty, they should be established in all departments. The HOUSING situation gets worse each year. Already the federation and administration have produced an anti-calendar on the available housing. However, the problem students have in finding housing is caused by landlords not renting to students. Therefore, in order to improve the image of the student and to get the co-operation of landlords, I propose setting up a joint committee of landlords and students to work,together on the problem. There are approximately 2,200 FOREIGN STUDENTS (visa holders and landed immigrants) attending the university. Because ,of their status, they have special problems and the resources to help them are inadequate. To improve the situation, I propose that the federation along with the university, retain a lawyer to deal with foreign student problems and to increase the status of the foreign student advisor from half-time to full-time. In the co-operative programs, students have expressed the concern that their employers get a copy of their grades’ before the students do. Making transcripts available to the employer should be left to the discretion of the students, not the university. The lack of study space is an area of grave concern for students. The possibility of making more space available has to be investigated. The ENTERTAINMENT on campus needs to be improved and to that end, I propose the following: -pubs at South Campus Hall; -a coffee house for quiet get-togethers; -more frequent concerts in the Humanities and Arts theatres; -assisting societies and clubs in holding more social events; -film festivals ; and -a survey on campus to determine the priority of entertainment needs. But, it is easy to make‘promises during an election campaign. With my experience with the federation, I can promise not only to do my best, but also reasonably expect to implement most of what I have outlined. For a federation that represents your interests, I ask for your support. SHANE ROBERTS

Cutbacks Cutbacks are things which may affect all of us. The federation concentrates much of its interest in provincial cutbacks while campus-wide cutbacks seem to be confused and disorganized with much less publicity. I propose that the federation set up a research committee of interested students to coordinate efforts of societies and the Board of Education in gathering information and initiating discussions with the faculty and the administration about local cutbacks. The accumulated information should be published and forums should be held in the faculties to discuss and search for alternatives. Further action should be discussed with the federal tion and society executives and initiated by the federation. Education The Board of Education should operate similarly to the Board of Entertainment and have representation from each society, Village and Church College Assoc. to ensure input&d feedback.

I Commtinity image To affect community attitudes and such things as housing opportunities, we should promote, by student exposure, through local media: -the resources U. of W. can offer the community (ie. the libraries, P.A.C., theatres, etc.); +ommunity projects, open houses and better high school co-ordination. \ Housing We need to set up a central reference system or . anti-Cal based on students’ references of landlords and housing availability. Also more federation information and advice should be sent to first year ’ students before they arrive. Daycace We need a survey of the daycare facilities-on this campus to determine how much improvement is needed. , Pa&time students Part time students are often forgotten even though they have a vote. We need to encourage: -their voting rights iu campus elections; -their involvement in the federation; -more social activities for them.--International students We need to encourage more financial support and publicity for cultural roles and interaction of the campus cultures. .. Ontario Federation of Students I We should support the OFS as our provincial lobby for student aid, and as an opponent to cutbacks and this member constituency should encourage more political activity in the form of rallies and forums to publicize our mutual ‘problems as students. OFS as a provincial organization could effectively transfer information to and from similar student organizations in other provinces for the use of all Canadian universities. If we are to be effective in any of our endeavours then we must examine the role of the federation and its relation to the needs of the students on this campus. New ideas and new people are an important part of this process if the student federation is to evolve with life on campus. I feel I could work effectively to move the federation in this direction and so, would urge you to vote, with this in mind on Jan 28. Bruce Rorrison 3rd ‘Year Honours Arts. Member of Undergraduate Affairs Group 75/76 , Men’s Intramural Rep. for Arts 74176 Federation Rep. 75/76 ” Member of the Campus Centre Board 75 Arts Society PreSident 76176 / If you wish to contact me my home number is 8854348

Y I

16 thechewon

‘

fridai,

fimh~ames +

january

23, 1976

for all

The first of many intramural buffers, please do not phone for and Thlirsday evenings since tourneys got underway last Tues-court bookings until 9:00 a.m. Any Mondays are for women2 basket, day, January 13 in the main gym as calls before 9:oO a.m. , w&l not be ball (so ihat they would not mi:: the--first rounds in the men’s and the pubs on Thursdays). answered. / women’s doubles badminton tourThis being the f&i week of play ney were played. there are no results available, but z ’ The tourney was divided into A few predictions can be made. To help fill the demand, zi secIn A level, on Sundays, Charlit and B levels in the men’s division ond section for the ballroom dance and was run as a double eliminab Chambers’ Over the Hill Gang program has been crested. There tion tournament. last term’s A champions are still some spaces available on a (OTHG) In A level, Lati and Robert may have a battle on their hand: 1st come basis. The classes will be (Math) were matched against Sutwith the Wopper Choppers. Las1 held Wednesday evenings at 7:30 term’s B level champions, V2 EE ton and Field (Sci) in the finals. p’.m. and 8:30 p.m. Registration Both teams seemed evenly have been moved up to A anc will take place Monday, Jtiuary matched and qisplayed some fine a 26 from 12:30 p.m. (nnon) until the t could supbly good competition talents as the match went to three well. classes are full, limit 74 per class. On Thursdays it is a toss-up be. games. Lau and Roberts managed tween St. Jeromes A and E.S.S to conquer their opponents in three games to emerge as the But the overall A chamDs will be champions . OTHG again. In .B level, the story goes .&meIn B level, Sundays and Thurs. This term the intramural dedays, it is pretty well a toss-up. AI what the same. Glover and Lux partment was swamped with 56 enupsets are an intramuqal tradition. (Vl N) met Santin and Barr&t (V2 tries for men’s competitive basanybody could win this league, E) in the final round and managed, ketball. This ‘is the largest turnout But &om past experience, the to capture the championship title Pheasants maybe the team to beat. with a perfect record of no losses. 1 for the league in its history. and As for C level, it ‘is mostly jusl In the women’s tourney the set credit should go to the department for, being able _sto schedule for fi.m, but we will give the nod tc up was a little different as there everyone. Gerry Ftml’s Rudy. They are was only one league instead of There are three different levels always a winner. two. Dukes and Riediger were ycording to basketball ability: 14 aopehlly, this will be a weekly paired against Dennery and Blais teams in A (the l%gh&t level), 32 addition to the paper so that you in the Tmal round after both teams te&ns in B and 10 teams in C level. can keep track of-your team &d had lost one match. The games are played Sundays the competition. The girls fought their way through a gruelling match and Dukes and Riediger came out on top to capture, the ‘championship title.

Ballroom dancing

M&h intramural basketball

That’s

known

as ecatching

the opposition

off guard.

photo by helen witruk

Upcoming dates to remember January 23-Today is the last day tq enter the co-ed volleyball league so if you haven’t turned in your entries as yet, there is still time to turn it in at the intramural office, PAC. Also, this is‘ the last chance to enter the men’s snooker tourney. Again, entries should be turned in at the intramural office, PAC. Monday, January 26-Last chance to enter the men’s english squash. All those interested should turn in entries early Monday at the intramural office. Friday, January 30-Last chance to enter the Ground Hog Day Ring Road Relay Race. All entries should be turned in early Friday at the intramural office-PAC . The race is to take place Sunday, Feb. 1 at 1%) p.m. Friday,

Roes

Bauer Daoust Jelinek CCM Factory seconds; clearouts of name brands Good supply of used skates

743-3835

McPhail’s

Cycle and Sports Ltd.

98 King St. N., Waterloo

Special note TO all those

of you who are tennis

Transcendental Meditation

We’ri? looking . . . for people who want fun and ‘good times in the relaxed, enjoyable atmosphere of the Cariboo Lounge. Once inside, you’51 forget ’ everything cl/se except the frienUly people and comfortable surroundings. We’ve also added a Saturday Matinee (3 - 6 p.m.) Come, see for yourself!

FEATURING

The Platters

’ ’

THIS WEEK

Next Week

Introductory. Lecture Wed. Jan. 28 - , 8Pm a ,’ Room 3006 Math & Comp. Bldg, For further s info call 884-4770

The Don’ Hinton

For all you ski buffs, here’s

Doug Woodcock

getting

it on at Blue Mountain.

Friday & Saturday

DOC SAVAGE All. Next Week

STONEHOUSE members formerly with Spottfarm & Note:

New Club Hours

Mon-Thurs

9-1 am am

Fri & Sat 8:30-l

Sat Matinees

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

2:30-530

pm A

FOX

jay,

january

the chevron

23, 1976

Wtirriors drop two games

ne of the action under the basket in last week’s Mike Moser memorial ne between the Warriors and the Bisons. Warriors were leading with ly ten minutes to go but finally dropped the game which ended with km on the wrong side of a 68-52 scoreboard. -photo by grant macfarlane

The Warriors completed a disappointing week dropping an 80-75 -decision to Windsor last Wednesday and losing to Manitoba 68-52, in the Mike Moser Memorial game on Saturday. The Lancers streaked to a 35-26 half-time lead due largely to the Warriors inability to get an uncontested shot over Windsor centre Charles Pearsall. Trevor Briggs led the Warriors in scoring at halftime with 10 points followed by Seymour Hadwen with 6. The Warriors came out hustling in the second half,. erasing large leads only to fall sort in their bid to overtake and surpass ~Windsor. Jamie Russell and Trevor Briggs led the scoring charge, Russell getting 16 of his 20 points and Briggs getting 13 in the second half. The Lancers continued to spread their scoring evenly with all of their players contributing. Knowledgeable fans present at the game indicated that the calibre of the officiating left much to be desired. Fortunately, no one was hurt but this was due to good luck and not good management by the officials. The loss left the Warriors league record at l-2 placing them for a time, in the cellar of the OUAA west. Saturday night was the exhibition game to honour the memory of Mike Moser and it was billed as a re-match of last year’s final game. The first half was a scoring duel between Greg Daniels (16 points) and Jamie Russell (14 points) but Daniels had more scoring support from his team-mates as the Bisons

managed a 38-30 half-time lead. Strong defence by Seymour Hadwen, Jeff Scott and newly promoted freshman Pat Brill-Edwards did an outstanding defensive job on Martin Riley, a member of Canada’s National basketball team. The second half saw the Warriors tighten their defence considerably, and moved ahead 47-45 with just under 10 minutes to go. However, tight defence by Man-

itoba and poor shooting by the Warriors combined to hold the Warriors to 5 points in the final ten minutes. Jamie Russell led the Warriors with 22 points and 8 rebounds along with Phil Schlote who had 9 points and 8 rebounds. Greg Daniels finished with 21 points and Rick Watts with 20 for the Bisons. The Warriors meet Guelph this Saturday. Game time is 8:15 at the PAC.

rabl .e hockey is for rabbits? Table hockey is for rabbits? :ll er, uh, no. He Hen. Fucking :‘or rabbits. Hence the word rabWhich leaves table hockey for

is.

But what happens to big kids? iny of them buy big cars, settle d raise families in the suburbs, d run around trying to prove to :h other that they’ve grown up. 4nd what about the kid who ver grows up?. Some keep play; with rabbits, while others preBtable hockey and then there are )se who contend it’s wise not to IW up. Well all this is going on, over :re we have the rabbit that’s no mb bunny. He’s preparing to ter his kid in ‘A Table Hockey Lbbit’, the table hockey tourna=nt for rabbits. This indoor orts spectacular will be held at : University of Guelph, UC in om 001. UH? You say you aren’t owed to keep rabbits on cams, and even when you’ve tried :y just end up in the cafeteria on xt days lunch menu? No kidlg. Then get yerself a table hocy game. They make nice pets. You’re not sure what table hocy is? You’re not? Not to be con3ed with its newest counterpart - hockey, this is the original. rink back to Christmas when you uldn’t wait to get the paper off at long skinny box sitting under : tree, the one with all the levers it that you loved to twirl beuse it offered such a pleasant almative to hiding upstairs where u get to twirl your own. Aah, IW you remember. Table hockey is fast becoming e newest professional sport in 3rth America. Although rabbits ve been around for years. Since e somewhat obscured early days the first professional table hoc:y league, the Acme Rabbit mch, which boasted such stars Franklin Delanor Rabbit, Carrot -ant and Marilyn Munch, table ckey has progressed in leaps d bounds. Today, it claims to be popular as kidnapping and murr, safer than the back of a 56

Chevy and more exciting then making toast in the shower. What with such teams as the Brooklyn Racoons and the California Crippled Seals and all-stars Frolicking Remnant and Well He’s Probably With the Pineapples, it’s no wonder everybody loves a table hockey tournament. I know rabbits do. That’s why there is such a migration of them leaving their pens and moving into domes. The lighting there is much better for playing table hockey. Florescent, I think, like the carrot. And here are some more interesting fabbit facts; rabbit referees are called rink rabbits; rabbits are no deposit no return. Why are carrots florescent? Carrots don’t like table hockey. That’s why rabbits eat them. Trix are for Kids. Rabbits don’t eat pizza. Carrots like anchovies. Car-

rots can’t hold down a steady job. Maybe that’s why they make good policemen. Rabbits don’t have social insurance numbers. Carrots don’t pay income tax. R.abbits are certified by the Canadian Table Hockey Association. And if you don’t understand all of this, you probably have a carrot stuck in your ear. As of yesterday there were over 50,000 known table hoc key rabbits in North America. Along with other assorted fruits and vegetables . A Table Hockey Rabbit will take place Feb. 21, 1976. There is an $5 entry fee. Based on 50 entrants, there is a first prize of $100 along with other cash prizes. Based on 100 hundred entrants fist prize will be $200, with other cash prizes as well. cont’d

on page

The warriors on ice defeated Western 2-7 last week, in a game which was tied at 7 - 7 up to the last few minutes. These two men are skating off the -grant macfarlane. page CouflesY of

TONIGHT & TOMORROW Jan. 23 & 24-SOLD OUT LOS INDIOS TABAJARAS Theatre of the Arts

Noon

drama

- THE RATS

A one act play written by Wilfrid Laurier University student Peter Routis. Directed by UW student David Archambault. Featuring Maurice Evans Tues. Jan. 27-l I:30 am Wed. Jan. 28-12:30 pm Thurs. Jan. 29-l 1 :30 am Fri. Jan. 30-12:30 pm Theatre of the Arts Free Admission Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students

Fri. Feb. 13-8pm Concerto Programme Alfred Kunz-Conductor Theatre of the Arts

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Frisbee fling planned mances given by Jim Kenner and Ken Westerfield, Frisbee’s I Tree style Champions. “Many people have played with

Frisbee throwing is a unique sport that is growing rapidly throughout the world. This is reflected in the freestyle perfor-

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The Athena Curlers continue their winning streak last weeken by taking first place honours at tl Ivanhoe Curling Club in London The team accumulated 53 an three quarter points, a healthy points over second place. The first two games were take by scores of 17-5 and 19-2 wit good, steady playing by all teal members. The team ran into di ficulties in precision and strateg in the last game and had to ste; the last end to win by a score ( 4-3. As a bit of introduction, thi year’s team consists of “Rookie Vicki Bauman, 1st year man environment; ‘ ‘Dub ” Day1 Bower, 4th year Geology; “Turd (Da Turd comes Third) Gay1 Bower, 3rd year psychology; an “Frog” Pat Munroe, 4th ye; math. This is their year so wis them luck.

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University of Western Ontario women defeated the Michigan State women’s volleyball team 15-11, 15-5 to be named champions of the 9th Annual U. of W. Invitational for the fifth consecutive year. Western has been the Ontario University champions for four years and are again leading in league standings this year. This team has been to four national championships, winning twice and runners up twice. Michigan State University captured first place in the Big Ten Conference Volleyball Championships and are presently Michigan State champions. When host Waterloo and the York women were defeated in the semifinals, the 1976 Waterloo Invitational became special, in that, this was the first time that the Invitational finals featured international competition. ” An All Star team chosen from the one hundred and thirty competitors from the Canadian teams and two U.S. teams included; Maura Purdon (Waterloo), Judy Alashewicz (Western), Eleanor Barker (Queen’s), Kathy Deboer (Michigan), Mary Chisholm (Western), and Shaughn Renahan (York). ’ Most valuable spiker during the two day event was Miss Deboer, and most valuable setter was Miss Renahan. The volleyball Athenas wish to thank all those people who donated their time and effort towards making this tournament successful. Spectators can see the top varsity teams of Ontario in action at Wilfrid Laurier University, January 30, 31 for Challenge Cup II. The Athenas next home game is a u-i-tournament versus Western and Guelph on February 8. v We thank you for your support. -stick

JAN.

Toronto Carleton

Western champs

-w

Queen's

by helen witruk

(AS

York

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STANDINGS

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held at UW last weekend the team also had a member, Mary

LEAGUE

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In the Women’s volleyball tournament Athenas finished fourth. The Waterloo b-don, chosen for the All Star team.

DIVISION

the

TONIGHT MIKE LEHMANJanuary

cont’d from page 17 This tournament is open to ar male or female aged 18 or ove Entries are accepted on a fir come first served basis. So ent early and stay late. A’la peanut butter sandwicl this is your big chance to show yc can do more with your fingers th; pick your nose or scratch yer as And remember, we’re all guilty ( harbouring thoughts of being rabbit at one time or another. Fc as we all know, table hockey wj get us through times of no rabh better than: a) florescent carrot b) I had a rabbit once, but I’m a better now; c) once a rabbit alwaJ a rabbit, but once a night j enough. -cliff

28-30

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THE OLD BOOK BARN

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a Frisbee but have no idea of tl versatility and skillfulness that c; be put into such a simple enjoyab activity” says Ken Westerfielt “Competitive frisbee has real1 excelled in the States. In Canac we feel that the frisbee breal through is here.” This summer marks the Secor Molson’s Open Canadian Frisbc Championship to be held in Tc ronto on August 7th and 8th. Tl competition is open to anyone ii terested in participating-even consist of distance, accurac! maximum-time-aloft, freestyle ar an extremely competitive gam five-man guts. In a demonstration that will al peal to young and old alike, Ji and Ken will show you some of tl amazing things that can be dor with a Frisbee. By combining di ferent throwing techniques an variations, these two young me leave audiences amazed and smi ing.

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. 19

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*’

also contained a slower version of he has avoided for so long. work by Entwistle. This song is “Love Is A Rose,” which Linda The closing tune is by far, the easily the best ‘ ‘sleeper” on the Ronstadt included on her Prisoner prettiest and best sung cut on the , album. In Disguise LP.) It is a very simple album, which should come as no y “How Many Friends” and “In a an,d tout hing acou stlc number surprise since Young gets the help Hand or a Face” are two more, whose starkly personal lyrics of a few friends known commonly very bitter numbers about bitterabout a “fallen situation” stand in as C, S, and N. ness within the group j and “shit refreshing contrast to much of the “Through My Sails” was one of behind each others’ backs.” Both muddled and seemingly senseless three songs which were recorded _ tunes allow the various performers writing which Young has written in Hawaii for the aborted Human to show their skills; including Highway album just prior to the some excellent drumming, vocals, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Y,oung piano, and stringed guitar-type inWith little reason to believe Although the unfolding of Neil tourduring the summer of ‘74. The strumentation Wheh one isn’t giving harmonies are not nearly as slick Side one begins with ‘Slip Kid,” Young’s career seems to continue And one pretends to receive.” as those found on D6ja Vu, but in. which is well played and proves in a rather haphazard and random Hopefully the rest of the album, fashion, his musical progression stead evoke afeeling of closeness I that Townshend is a master of the including some numbers which which enhances the experience of fretboard. If one were to say that can actually be traced through were cut with Emmylou Harris on hearing a brand new> Crosby, this song isn’t bitter, they’d be very distinct and orderly stages. harmony, will eventually surface Fro,m Neil Young through to Stills; Nash and Young song. lying. Perhaps there is “no easy on future Neil Young records. Harvest, an increasing smoothness Young’s vocal especiaIly is surway to be free. ’ ’ I always thought Side two is almost all basic rock, it was through being a famous rock and sense of commercialism prisingly soft and low-key, and is beginning with an instant minor characterized most of Young’s easily complemented by the = sta‘r. (If another reviewer can use classic, songs, climaxing in melodic and “Stupid Girl.:’ Young’s back-up harmonies. “I”, then so can “I”). All kidding aside, back to norslickly textured tunes such as lyrics manage to be both biting and Zuma then is a largely- success~ “Heart of Gold, ” “Old Man,” and humourous: ful attempt at combining acoustic, mal and the Who. Peter takes a dig “You’re such a beautiful fish ‘i country-rock at arm-chair critics like myself in ‘ ‘A. Man Needs A Maid. ’ ’ and straight rock Floppin’ on the summer sand “However Much I Booze” but unFollowing these enormous sucmusic with generally unspectacu, cesses , and probably in reaction to = Lookin’ for the- wave you misfortunately, this song is \ an up-. lar lyrics. And although the perthem, Young began to present his sed tempo number rivalling a live performance and the music aren’t When another one is close at nearly as crude as on Tonight’s music in far more primitive termsc formance . hand. . . It seems that no matter how The Tonight’s The Night album The Night, this record will probaI saw you in Mercedes-Benz . bly be more of interest to those hard the group tries, it can not-find (recorded in 1973 and completed ... and released in 1975) and the sub- , Practising selfdefense who have followed Young’s career the solution- to their problems. sequent tour with Crazy Horse, You’re really stupid girl.” ’ throughall of it’s ups and downs Shades of Marilyn Monroe! But nu& ber$,a. r~ whocares’, . . provided strikingevidence. of This sprig, .as well as most-of the than to anyone whose favourite album,’ is sung in’a’slightly lower, N&l 'young ‘albumis ‘Harvest. Their big hit (which is about ac-’ Young’s new sound. In addition, It has been about twos years the trilogy of albums, which in- register than much of Young’s remusic and not sex) in-jefkyvoide sakamoto since The Who have’ released an cordion cludes Tonight’s The Night as well cent work, and the result is less cludes some excellent banjo picalbum, and: unlike Elton, they as Time Fades Away and On The whining, moaning and singing out kin’ and accordion as -well as a seemed to have little motivation to sing-along Beach, represents a Neil Young of range; and although he still octype verse, I find myself do so. They were making films and singingalong casionally (and painfully) tries to and tapping my toes who was considerably different touring with their own groups vi- sing in an unreachable register (as in the same manner of that of an from and far less commercially while recording solo efforts. When in “Barstool Blues”), the. vocal eleven year old. able than in the days of his masterBy Nuinbers was unleashed, men performance is generally stronger So far, I have not made a compiece After The. Goldrush. and women (as well, as 13 year and more on tune than the last Instead of continuing to produce olds) bought. it up. “(If you’re in a ment about the album and whether album., ’ or not’1 like it. Due to the last two an extension of his popular -past bovie,with Eltie, you can% help Young’s strongest singing is songs on side one, I am forced to recordings, he began to embrace a but attract a few.). ‘found on “Drive Back,” a first more complete concept of Art, say that the album is fantastically ” *The cover, consists of & drawing rate. rocker whose first two lines that is, in this context, a strong good. Roger Daltry, that sexy,of the group ‘in normal stage; posiare ’ stolen from Lennon (‘ tWhat- -’ connection between performance overpowering blonde sings them tioning with‘ lines tiissing and ever gets -you through the and subject matter. This connecso well that I was shocked and numbers to join, as seen by bassist night/That’s all right with me.“) tion was-fully realized on Tonight’s John Entwistle. Its hard to join the peeved to find neither of them in The The, tune is, instantly catchy, and Night, Young’s drunken ode their repertoire’ at Toronto. dots with a marker, but the conYoung’s screaming lead guitar. to ex-Crazy Horse member Danny “Imagine a Man” and ‘ ‘Dreamcept is simple and catchy. suggest that he should continue to Whitten, and roadie Bruce Berry, ing From The Waist”, although The music pn the album ismore ’ return to this vein of music which both recent OD victims. bitter, are musical masterpieces. \ Toyvlnshendy than-previous works. The group does them justice as no Now, with the release of his . Peter Townsend,,. the guitarist, ninth album, Zuma, Young has b . one else could even attempt them. cocalist ‘,and writer, seems to. ,be Peter begun a new stage which is similar (and Roger), in these two ditemploying this album to tell listenties, seem’ to be saying that they in style to Everybody Knows This ers howhard life can be for a super prescription services have gotten old before they died as Is Nowhere, his earliest effortwith Open iroup. opposed to that now famous -plea Crazy Horse. This direction is, in 232, King N. Waterloo, Phone 885-2530 * ~ 7 Days Bitterness is ‘the underlying in ‘ ‘My Generation’ ’ . fact, due largely to the reformation Opposite Athletic Complex. :, to ,y iz * A Week theme in all but one tune,‘although of a modified Crazy Horse, which , . .i All this bitterness is thrown most people think that the life’of a aside when they hit the stage. includes original members Ralph rock millionaire is a bed of roses. Molina and Billy Talbot, and newThey were laughing, smiling, full Townsend knows that it isn’t. One comer Frank Sampedro (Danny of life, happy, humourous , as well night stands wrack the nerves, ruin Whitten’s replacement), with musically superb. There was no the appetite, burn out countless petal stage, no raised podiums and Young concentrating on lead Drain cells as well as doing untold no glitter. Instead of that junk, we guitar duties. damage to the fingers and throats. The resulting music on Zuma is were treated to the best music and The Who should know. . mostly electric, and occasionally singing ever witnessed in the rock . Musically, John Entwistle has flrnlA bears- a strong resemblance to, shown off his composing talents in I used to be a Stones’ fan. Young’s contributions to the Bufthe past- with “My Wife”: and Who’s the best now, at least in my falo Springfield. The opening cut, “Boris the Spider” but on this opinion. Paul McCartney and “Don’t Cry No Tears,” is particualbum, his ‘ Success Story” is a , Elton John may be more popular larly reminiscent of the original three chord piece of dog-waste filand Electric Light Orchestra may -version of “On The Way Home,“> II _. led with rock cliches. Of course, it flash a good album, but The Who and- another country-rock tune, does contain some remarkable have been and always will be the “Looking For A Love,” vaguely 3ass playing along with its corny best. Don’t let the exams get in recalls “I Am A Child.” lyrics. As the first song on side The first side also contains your way next time The Who two, it was well chosen, as it can plays. They may have cost me a “Pardon My Heart,” a song which Je conveniently left behind, where couple of marks, but I’ll remember was recorded on the unreleased. .t belongs. them for life. Home Grown LP, which Young Townshend then takes over and --glenn criger , completed last year. ’ (The- album the album improves greatly. Nicky Hopkins, an often used piano player and former Stone, Beck, 2nd Lennon sideman is employed ;o the album’s benefit. This shows Mass Schedule OW DO YOU iUDGE A DIAMOND? up well on “ They Are All In . Saturday 9:00 a.m. Sunday IO:00 a.m. ‘YOU MAY BE ALL WRONG Love” which is a bitter ballad 7:00 p.m, ’ II:30 a.m. I shout the rough life of a millionaire Is size the only criterion you set for judging 3and which has to produce albums 7:00 p.m. the worth of a diamond? That’s wrong! :o keep their fans at ease. Diamond values are determined by many factors. . . ’ Sunday 12:30p.m. V.II East Quad Lounge One remarkable change in colgr, clarity, and cut as well as size. “Blue Red and Grey” is the lead We’ll be pleased to show yoir. So you can be sure \ singing of Pete’ and the use of your diamond is the finest.. . and priced right. ukelele as the only instrument 12:35 aside from some beautiful horn

Neil \ Young: -Back to -_ no where rlat:;:s asad ConQnu~cation

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SATURDAY&SUNDAY 4 SHOWINGS-1 :30-3:30-7:00-9:00 ‘. FRIDAY TO THURSDAY\ AT. 7 & 9PM ONLY

February 14 is the date for the Elora Heritage Festival. The allday winter fun festival takes place in the scenic setting of the Village of Elora (20 miles north of Waterloo). Two Man-Environment students from the University of Waterloo, Karen Ruffett and Ingrid Klein, are co-ordinating the community’s festival activities. The activities are geared for family participation and all age groups. An old fashioned skating party on the Grand River behind Mill Street will highlight the morning events. In the afternoon the Kitchener-Waterloo Skating Club will perform. Dog sled races are a main feature of the Festival. 15 teams (about 75 dogs) have entered the contest. The races are scheduled for 11:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Trophies will be awarded the winning teams. A log-sawing contest, cross-country skiing (bring your own skiis) and snowshoeing hikes will take place in the Elora Gorge Park. Other daytime activities include the sale of homemade baking, local arts and crafts display. Blacksmith Horst Dankewitz will demonstrate his craft. The Heritage Festival has the . flavour of olden days with emphasis o,n participation. Nearly all activities are free. “We hope everyone will get in the mood of the festival and wear a heritage costume’ ’ , the co-organizers say. Fireworks will signal the beginning of the evening activities. A torchlight parade will wind through Elora toward the arena grounds where a broomball game will be played (the Village of Elora versus the University of Waterloo). A square dance in the evening will highlight the crowning of the Heritage King and Queen. The Festival is designed to be non-profit. It is a chance for everyone to appreciate their cultural beginnings. Any proceeds from refreshments will be contributed to the Elora Arena Fund. Miss Klein and Miss Ruffett plan to compile two copies of a handbook on how to organize a festival. One will be given to the Elora Library, the other to the UW Man-Environment Department. Elora Heritage Festival buttons and, programs are on sale in the Environmental Studies lobby. See

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$2.00

The Theatre of The Arts becomes the Theatre of the Absurd when The Rats, a play written by Peter Routis, is performed January 27-30.

The play is presented by the Creative Arts Board, Federation of Students . Maurice Evans, a lecturer in the Drama department and also an actor in this play says, “This play is an experiment for Peter Routis and gives him a chance to see his play presented.” There are two characters in the play, an old man (Maurice Evans) and a boy (Bob Selkirk). The play is directed by David Archambault. At rehearsal, without the benefit of lighting, costumes or scenery, this play already demonstrated that it is a creative and viable theatrical vperience . The Rats presents the absurdity of the human condition as an experience. The content and the form of the play are matched so that we are not only told that life is absurd we also see it. The play is a heightened, concentrated experience with all the romance and pleasures of life stripped away. Nature no longer exists e The old man repeatedly refers to the dead lake and the dead river full of human refuse. A tension builds between the old man and the boy: The essence of the play is the message the old man must pass on to the boy. They have met for this purpose but the old man must wait for the right time. The right time comes but the boy is asleep. Only the sun, moon and stars remain in the desert that men have created out of a once beautiful world. Light from these natural sources is a symbol of knowledge and also hope. Society has degenerated to the point where people are “the rats ’ ’ . They have placed themselves behind bars with their man made laws. The experiment has failed. The thread of hope in the play lies in a reversion to the laws of nature, this is the old man’s message. The only thing the old man and the boy are sure of is the setting sun. Boy: No. I’ll wait. Old Man: For what? Boy: For the sun to come down. Old Man: It will come down. You

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can’t stop it. It’s a. . . Boy: . . .it’s a natural law. Old Man: Precisely. Maurice Evans and Bob Selkirk create tensions that rise and fall generating a balance of sympathy and repulsion. It is difficult for the old man and boy to communicate. Language nc longer aids understanding because it is either dead or meaningless in a world where God doesn’t exist. The frustration that builds in the old man bursts out at the bewildered boy. Selkirk has captured a mixture of naivete and dawning awareness in the boy. The old man is comic and pathetic and Evans conveys his desperation. The play does have some awkward spots where the old man is forced to lecture and the boy occasionally knows too much. The play is, on the whole, moving and thought provoking as well as entertaining. The Rats is reminiscent of Samuel Beckett’s plays and not by accident. Two of the playwright Routis’ favourite plays are Endgame and Waiting for Godot. Peter Routis was born in Athens in 1952. He came to Canada in 1969. “The coup d’etat of April 21, 1967 in Greece changed all my plans ,” Routis says. “It was impossible to work or study under these circumstances .” Routis is an English student at Wilfrid Laurier and will be at UW next fall to do his Masters degree in English and Theatre. Routis is currently doing research on Marx and Hegel for a new play. The dates The Rats will be performed are Jan. 27-11:30 a.m., Jan. 28-12:30 p.m., Jan. 29-11:30 a.m., Jan.30-12:30 p.m. Admission is free. -judy

jansen

This week the CC Pub has secured the services of a band that goes by the name of Spot (not to be confused with Spott Farm). Their repetoire is more varied than that of hack bands like McKenzie, ranging from the Bee Gees on up through to Loggins .& Messina. They also play more waltzable type numbers then any other band to hit the pub in recent times. So if your in the mood to grind hips and press pubes with a friend by all means pay a visit. Only two drawbacks to this band; they attempt vocals that are sometimes beyond them and destroy some of the songs they play, and play some songs that should have been destroyed long ago. Out of a 4 star rating, they get * *. -hal

mitchell

day, january

23, 1976

‘>

\ _

\ .

the chevron

rdiists, including the surveillance of people known to have some re? lation to the\%terrorist movement and who may therefore commit terrorist acts. To control the. terrorist bomber in particular, he suggests that very tight control should be kept over the supply of detonators produced commercially. This, he says, should reduce the incidence of terrorist bombings because the supplier would become accountable for any detonators which found their way into the wrong hands. In all; this book gives an interes ting , though one-sided, description of the terrorist problem and some of the measures to be taken against it. It provides yet another approach to a complex / situation which must be considered from all sides.

In one incident a bomb disposal expert was very slowly lifting a live bomb off the floor preparatory to removing it from the pub where it had been’ planted. Styles was watching the procedure from nearby. When the bomb was sevBombs Have‘ No Pity is a new eral feet off the floor, a Siamese kok which discusses the terrorist kitten walked into the pub, stepImb campaign of the Irish Repub-, ped under the bomb and began to’ an Army (IRA) from the point of paw at it. After a moment of desp&v of the military people who erate thinking, the two experts ust police the terrorists and .also came up with a safe solution to 8 Sarm their bombs. their predicament: a few imitation inner bark for uses in bread and. tribe of cannibals and shares some --glenn ,dyar Subtitled $Iy WrIIr Agahst barks, and the kitten had vanished / interesting stories. porridge. i rrorism, the book is also in part d A Naturalist’s Guide To from sight even more quickly than A chart of the nutritional value There were no snakes on the is.I autobiography of George ithad arrived. Cooking .With Wild Plants of selected wild plants is included land when Heyerdahl was there, yles . Styles is . a former British In anothermcident, a bomb was although things ,may, have changed Connie and Arnold Krochmal at the .end of the book, lyal Army Ordinance Corps discovered to be relatively. harm(Fitzhenry & Whiteside Also included are some sources by now. Scorpians and poisonous brnb disposal expert who’re, less because someone had misspiders were prevalent however. As you wander over the fields of wild plants and a list of books ived the George Cross in 1972 takenly installed clothesline in it and through the woods of the l for further reading. The insec.ts were their main r his bravery in supervising the where there should have been decountry side you will undoubtedly An interesting informative book enemy; specifically mosquitos. :fusing of- terrorist bombs in tonating cord.. An army search These cannibals, believe it or not, come across many plants that you for anyone wishing inexpensive, Drthern Ireland. He is now a found a housewife who was using consider weeds. ’ nourishing and organically grown were unknown to the islands becuiity consultant. to. industry. ’ detonator cord for clothesline. , The common burdock for an ex- food. fore. the ships from the west ar. 4fter devoting some pages tohis Styles points out that a terrorist rived. ~ ample, regarded by most as an 4yhfia hannigan rly military training and his exorganization such as the IRA must ugly ’ useless weed, has for cenThese pests multiplied greatly Thor Heyerdqhl during the rainy season and-helped Fatu-liiva-Back to Nature natives to live on the beaches. Doubleday where the ocean breezes kept This new.adventure by Heyerthem away. dahl is unusually timely; considerThe Heyerdahls went to this ising that it actually took place in land, with no medical supplies and -;. 1936. ’ came within inches of losing their dThe theme is implicit in the lives. title-back to nature, This concept They b&lt_.bamboo cabins, and is becoming more prevalent, espedressed in loinclothes. Their diet. cially among city dwellers. It is de- ‘. consisted for the most part of tropfinitely not a fresh idea to we who ical fruits such as breadfruit, manlive in 1976, but imagine feeling gos, coconuts and a dozen varieties of bananas. It was supthis way forty-years ago! -Although this is Heyerdahl’s plemented with fresh seafood or sometimes imported ‘tins of corned most recent book, it should actu; ally have been his fiist. In fact it beef. was this adventure that leads him Heyerdahl discovers on this isinto his other exped%ions, wBch land rock drawings, skulls and . have ‘not only made; history, but ruins of temples which resemble changed conceived history as well. those on the Eastei Islands and the % Paradise can only describe the West coast of South America. This setting >of this book. Fatu-Hiva is a leads Heyerdahl to belieye that the - tropical island of the group known ancestors of these islands came as the M$quess Isle&. They lie rience in Malaysia while-fighting have public support in 6der to turies been cooked and eaten by from the east, and not the west as rorists, the author gives ‘a firstfunction and to achieve its goals. people from many lands. The in the South Pacific; the closest historians and anthropologists bend description of the terrorist ’ For this reason, and from investigcooked stalks of the .burdock rebody ofland being Tahiti, which is lieved. semble asparagus in flavour. The tuation which dominated the ation of various bombing inciabout 1,000 miles southwest. I This of courseleads into Heyerj contains 12,900’ initish scene during his last few dents, he maintains that some of raw burdock Heyerdahl and his wife5 Liv,’ d&l proving this thee%-, which in terriational units of Vitamin A and , ars-in the Army: the bombings which resulted in . i-’ i 119 mg.. . .of Vitamin The en&e description is given in much public outcry over casualties .C in_ 100 grams per edrble portion. lat seems an almost cold, de- -were -actually due to mistakes ;hed manner considering the na- made by the IRA. A Naturalist’s Guide To Cookre of the subject. However; the ipg With Wild Plants contains .a In one particularly bad bombing :re fact that such incidents\ as in a Birmingham comprehensive -fist of edible. wild bar, Styles says ose related by the author actuthat probably the IRA’s lines of plants. Chicory, goldenrod, holly, y occurred, with their resultant communication somehow became .jack-in-the-pulpit and ,milkweed are just a ,fkw examples ., sualties, goes a long way toconfused so that a.waming was not Alphabetically each plant is inirds helping the reader to see the phoned in in time for the bar to be tent of the terrorist campaign. cleared of customers . Another pub , traduced to the reader by one or To anyone living in Canada, the bombing which caused many mq-e photographs or line dravb , deaths apparently resulted. when a ings. The plant is theh.~described, feet which the terrorist war has loCations to ‘be found- are given and d on-daily life in Northern Irep terrorist who was instructing uses in cooking are discussed. Id would seem sh0ck.ing.i The others on bomb constructionacciual ordered structure of society dentally detonated the bomb being . Methods ~of harvesting and preparation of the ‘plant (drying; roasts broken down, and terrorist used for the demonstration. ts occur frequently. Styles says that due to the in- R ing etc) are given for use in the re- _ cipes included in each section. Due to the dange of car bombs, competence of the IRA bombers, some areas one J‘s not allowed to the bombs have over the long run 1 Note should be takenof the secbeen much,more fatal to the bomtion on mushrooms and toadsrk a car near a building unless tools. The introductionto this set/meone is left sitting in. the car. hers than to the British Army tion contains the location of wild ukeepers have to vefully ex- bomb disposal experts. With the mushrooms and toadstools. It does line beer barrels, because in at ,, introduction of radiographic suggest that a handbook’ on this equipment for examining the conist one instance terrorists have subject would be best for identifytents of bomb packages, and the ed the method of’ filling a beer ing the good and bad ones. Symp- . rrel with explosives designed to .%vention of remote_ control detoms of poisoning are included plode when the gas line is conL ! vices for dismantling the terrorist cted to the barrel. bombs from a safe distance, the ‘along with a caution that wild ani: malsccan safely eat ‘things we A briefcase or parcel left in a job of the bomb disposal experts . i _ human beings cannot. For a gen-lblic place, unattended, almost has become less risky. eral referen& photographs and de- I zvitably causes a bomb ’ scare. According to Styles, the -proof the more abundant terrorist ‘campaign in scriptions ore security has had to be in- longed toadstools ‘and edible mushrooms eased because at one time the Northern Ireland may indicate are included. ri-orists caused a great deal of some communist influence in BriAnother noteworthy. sA,ction is mage by hiding small incendiary lain. Like others, from his first inon the sugar- maple lmbs among‘ store merchandise. volvement in the problem he found . ,. tree. Mainly * .. used for their sap m tne~pr,oaucuon The author has had experience it difficult to believe that such share the island with about 1,000 - turn leads into his other expediof maple syrup, the seeds and the coping with bomb threats natives. They once numbered widespread violence’ could be tions and’his other books. , inner bark can also be used in more than 10 times a~ maqy, but ainst such varied targets as the caused entirely by civil rights inIf you have read Kon-Tiki, justices or by religious differences. rnard ’ liner QE2, the large cooking. ‘I$is section ‘provides a/ died off due to western diseases Aku-Aku or the Ra expeditions, I list of the equipment and a detailed brought to this island, such as the lropa Hotel in Belfast, factories’; As a military man, Styles has lithighly recommend Fatu-Hiva. If description of the procedure fol)res, pubs and public utilities .k tle patience with the politicians’ common cold or ‘the 24-hour flu. you haven’t read any of . lowed’ in producing maple syrup. Some of the natives remain s book tells of some unusual in- . approach to the terrorist problem. Heyerdahl’s books, this is a good Also included is the method of dry’ lents which have taken place friendly while others are ignorant. He advocates the use of extraordione to begin with. ing and grinding r-the seeds and One old native remains from ‘a --diane ritza ring bomb disposal work. nary ‘police ‘powers against the ter.. \ I .5 * \: ‘\ 1Lieut.

Bombs Have No Pity George Styles, G.C., as told to Bob Perrin Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1.87 pkges

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friday,

the chevron

NO!!! Never can we capitulate Never can we let the government tramp/e on our interests Our aspirations to be educated And to have a good life. Students are apathetic they cry They don’t read the newspaper We’must lead them by the nose They don’t understand what’s going on (You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink) They grumble._ The issues are too complicated They are too busy studying books and getting drunk Let us hand/e the negotiatibns and give them dances We will have to enlist our MPP’s support To provide us with a voice on Parliament’ Hill

We need a strong >tudent union To lead us in our fight To provide us with the jnformatjon To reflect what we want Because we are the Federation We must make it serve us. We want to be consulted We d&and a dedicated Federation Who will lead us in action When something must be changed. We want to break out of the restrictions That the government has put us in We wantrto know, and change the sjtuation We can win If only we dare to take up the fight!!

To aid the active sentiment of some students Advertise a demonstration But don’t organize them Clarify the issues Awaken them to act upon the facts 9 That is dangerous Tel/ them to restrain themselves }ust like Trudeau tells the workers /gnore the experience of ANEQ* The experiences that says students can win their battles That shows that students can unite Win, .fight, and understand the nature of the government attacks And defeat them!!But we say, There is another way to fight To be bold, militant, and unrelenting In dealing with our problems It is to demand the facts To decide for ourselves how we must resist The measures implemented by the government.

*ANEQ, the National Association of Quebec Students, is a democraric fighting student organization which has united students across the province of Quebec to resist the attacks of the Quebec government. They won their demands about the loan> and bursaries issue.

-patti

gilbert

Do we let them raise our t&on Force us to go into debt Deny us the right.for an-education Cut down on services and equipment Fire our popular teachers Close down departments??? ’

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5 Year parts and labor program

january

23, 197

Chess The postponed UW “B” Chess-Team vs. Hamilton “B” Chess Team match will take place on January 25th. In this important contest, the UW team is favoured on account of its superior record. The UW “A” Chess Team will also be playing a match on this date. A factor off undamental importance in Chess is the psychological element. The following game must have been as much a psychological struggle as it was a Chess game.

RU’Y LOPE! WHITE: R. Crook BLACK: F. Pushkedra 1. P-K4 P-K4 2. N-KB3 N -QB3 3. B-N5 The Ruy Lopez is one of White’s’most durable attempts for the initiative in the King Pawn Openings. -P-QR3 3. . . . 4. B-R4 N-KB3 5. o-o B-B4 With his last move Black introduces the Moller Defence which is now rarely seen. By continuing 6 P-QB3 intending P-Q4 or 6 NXPanswering 6 . . ., NXN with 7 P-Q4 White gains a clear edge. Here White is caught unprepared and the natural developing move he selects is much less effective. 6. N-QB3 --P-QN4 7. B-N3 P-Q3 B-KNS! 8. P-QR4? - In his haste to attack on the Queen-side, White allows Black a vicious King-side attack. 8 P-KR3 was the safest move as it prevents . . ., BLKN5. 9. PXP?! Very risky, but at least consistent with his previous move. 9 P-KR3 or 9 N-K2 also came into consideration, but would have admitted his mistake. 9. . . . N-Q5 10. B-B4!? NXNch B-KR6 ii. PXN 12. PXP!? .. . If White tries to save his Rook with 12 R-K1 ??, then B‘lack wins quickly after 12 . . ., N-R4. Safer, but very unattractive are 12 K-RI and 12 N-K2. O-O?? 12. . . . Throws away the edge! Up to this point Pushkedra had an excellent position, but this move puts White backliti the game. The Kingis probably better in the center where it is better placed for the endgame and this move loses avital tempo. After 12 . . ., N-R4! it is difficult to see how White will be able to defend his King. In this position the Bishop is far more powerful than the Rook which merely obstructs the King. 13. P-Q3 _ N-R4 14. K-RI Q-R5 15. R-KNI QXBP 16. B-Q2 K-RI? -Black wants to play . . ., P-KB4, thereby continuing his attack, but he fails to see that 17 Q-K2 forces the exchange of Queens and consequently neutralizes his initiative. At KRI the King is badly placed for the endgame. 17. Q-K2! QXQ If17 . . . . Q-R5?? then 18 B-KN5! wins. 18. NXQ BXR B-K3 19. KXB Black has a slight material advantage, but White’s Queen side pawns are ample compensation, particularly in view of the poor location of the Black King. 20. P-QN4! N-KB3 21. P-N5 N-Q2 e BXB 22. B-Q5 23. PXB P-KB4 24. B-R5 R-R2 R-N1 25. P-KB4! . White fixes the Black King-side Pawns while Black’s Rooks are tied down to passive defence. 26. P-B4 K-N1 27. B-Q2 R/2-R 1 28. B-R5 R-QBi / P-R3 29. B-N4 30. PXP NXP P-N4 31. R-R3 . P-B5 32. N-Q4! 33. BXP! The Bishop is sacrificed to clear the way for the NP. ’ 33. . . . PXB R/B1 -Nl 34. P-N6 35. P-N7 R-R2 R/NlXNP 36. N-B6! After 36 . . ., NXN White gets the overwhelming advantage of three connected passed Pawns on the sixth and seventh ranks. 37. PXR / RXP 38. NXN PXN 39. R-R6? Rooks belong behind Pawns, not in front of them! 39. . . . K-N2 R-N4 40. P-B5 41. R-B6 . P-N5 42. P-Q6 K-B3 K-K2 43. P-Q7dis ch 44. R-Q6 R-N1 K-Q1 45. R-Q5 . 46. P-B6 R-N8ch R-QB8 47. K-B2 48. R-Q6 . R-B6 49. RXP B-N6ch PXPch 50. PXP 51. K-N2! K-B2 Resigns 52. R-R8 -robert inkol

riday, january

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23, 1976

always welcome at Shane’s office. Over the past year he has improved relations between the federation and the I would like to thank everyone who sup-Kitchener-Waterloo community as is evidenced by the upcoming Ontario Confedersorted the cause of the Kitcherier transit trike. ation on Local Government which is sponThis was appreciated by the members as sored by the federation and. several community groups. veil as the negotiating team. Certain’professors and students appeared He has helped students to organize and fund a multitude of projects on such diverse tt Kitchener Council mee,tings to verbally declare their position in our favour. ’ topics as the Flora Gorge, the Green Paper, In conclusion, I would say thank you for mercury poisoning, various scientific and ising your valuable time. technical topics, urban issues, third world William Mazmanian issues, conflict resolution, native peoples, President .i course evaluations, the women’s moveLocal 304 ment, and the list goes on and on. Canadian Brotherhood of The Federation of Students; besides its lailway, Transport and General Workers political role, has ayrecord store, c?mpus shop, post offiie, ice cream concession, a pub, a student newspaper, a radio station, and runs movies, dances and concerts. The coukry business epterprise of the federation has a cash flow in excess of $1 ,SOO,OO,O. This organization must have responsible leadership. One of these nights and a lost generation If you read the candidates’ platforms lo)y John Carter was a fitting review for the atest Eagles endeavour. Both should be cated elsewhere in this issue it is obvious that Shane has the most exciting, practical brown in a heap along with David Geffen’s and well thought out vision of where our :xploitive promoting of Asylum’s synthetic federation should go from here. He is a :ountry rock. One of These Nights is unleader and a man of unshakeable decency. loubtedly the most shallow attempt to date The federation needs more like him. )y Asylum to cash in on the current country Paul Kourtian-Engineering 48 mock rage. man Southern Steve.Johns--Systems Design 4B This supposed * “five Saliforniai band” when being processed Laurie Lawson-At?s 2 David Assman-Radio Waterloo tnd packaged &t Asylum reportedly could Mike ljra=Anthropology 2 )nly .agree on the band name “Eagles” Ken Johnson-Man Environment 4 vhen Glen Frey, a natiire of Detroit, :hounht it was an kxcellent name for a street Andrew Tel&di-Arts undergrad senator ;ang&sides being an honored animal 0f the Peter GAdwin-HKLS This superficiality shows 3opi indians. Denis Richardson-Math .hrough the seven selections “ ‘manufacDavid McLellan-President, E.S.S. ured” by the band. The titlecut is a sparce Ron Hatz-Undergrad Council overdone single attempt with “Lyin’ Eyes” . and Pres. of Sci. So-c. )rofoundly dealing ,with young girls going Kim Etheririgton-Electrical 48 lu‘t with’rich old men, that age old sin!! What trash. Ralph TorriePhsyics 48 I liked them better, as members of other Leonard Fyiesen-Conrad )ands, especially Randy Meisner in a un- : G rebel College Ross Male-St. Paul’s College sven Rick Nelson Stone Canyon Band, and Jerome’s College together later as’ Ronstadt’s Stone Ponys. ’ 1 *Brian MiatelloCt. Chris Shari-Renison College They were competent and unpretentious. Exckllent harmbnizing and good guitar Franz Klingender-History work does not make these “west coast Loris GervasibCcience cowboys” a wealth of talent. It is far worse, Cathy BeachRecreation however, to see them as a continuance of Margaret Telegdi-Co-op Residence :he music early Allman Bros, with Dicky Ian MacMillan-Sys?ems Design Betts and others like the late Grahm ParJohn Shortallsons began to popularize. Federation of Students Dan Miklos’ Alison Stirling-Man-Environment Chuck Reid-Renison College \

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1 I wonder how it is possible that a nonstudent ie. Shane Roberts is eligible to run for the presidency of a student organization? Do you know? M. Campbell F. Winter A. Turnbull A. Beach According to the federation bylaws federation president may run again. was presideqt from November, 1972 1973, at which time he Was a student rated Stud@. .

a former Roberts to March, in Integ-1ettitor

Campaign We, the undersigned, are writing this letter in support of Shane Roberts’ candidacy For federation of students president. -During the campaign it has been implied that Shane is an elitist and a bureaucrat and we find it incredible that such accusations could be directed at Shane. Under the leadership of Shane the boards Df education and external relations have become the most open and active boards -A- in the federation. Newcomers to federation activities are

money

In the last issue of the Chevron.’ in $n “That’s where ill the article entitled, the Progressive Cultural money goes”, Club was attacked. The request for the list of the club members and executive is an attack because this is a facade for other intentions of the people involved in the meetI’ ing. They stated that a representative of the P.C.C. could not be contacted. That is not true because there have been members around asking for funding every other day last term, and no members weI’e contacted at their homes. This’ lack of communication has long plagued us in our dealings with the federation. It seems that there is a single approach towards obtaining i&formation.and clhrification, and that is to be Fonstantly knocking on doors and demanding answers. It-seems that they don’t want us to know what is going on at all, and then they have the audacity to attack us in-public ! What does this show about this board and the workings of I the federation in general? Our expedience in getting funds from thii board and ,the federation in gene& has been like pulling hen’s teeth. We had extreme difficulties in getting funds for “Progressive Cinema” last term, which was meant to be free film, and disyussion series for the stu-

i the chevron

dents: ’ We were put off by excuses such as lack, of funds when we were a group of students who wanted !o do something on campus in conjunction with other students. Why do they declare n’ear bankruptcy when the federation has $1.4 million to spend, and we are only asking for a few hundred? . In relation to the upcoming film series, there will not be one because it is extremely difficult to get good films. The ones we were considering would have forced us to charge admission which would have defeated pne of our purposes of having free films, and even then, with duch ? minimal budget, we may have been forced to accept a loss. This is an intolerable situation for any club or organization to be in! We were goirig to co-sponsor LES ORDRES, a film about the 1970 War Measures Act with the board of education, but again we were put qff even whem the film diStribtitors had limited time slots available and needed a definite date., The excuse given was tha’t there wouldn’t be time in January to show the.fi.lm because China Week was- coming Up plus a conference put on by the African Students. It seems that now there is some funding ayailable, but we were not notified until it was too late to organize the showing. This clearly shows a lack of responsibility on the part of the people concerned. This situation is not new to the various clubs and organizations on campus, where only! $15,000 was allotted in the board of entertainment for the clubs and organiza.tions out of g budget of $64,000. Many large brganizations such as the African students’ and the Chinese students recei+ed only a few hundred dollars when they had budgeted for over a thousand, and other clubs s&h as ours received only-$70 when__ we asked for $165! The threat issued by the board in relation to us “disrupting Federation-sponsored activities” is ridiculous ! What factual evidence is there? Nothing! It makes it sound as if we run around stabbing people with our pens. This action by the board is irresponsible and these kinds of attacks could make us peacable types violent ! ! P. Gilbert Progressive Cultural Club

Free tradbin Canada

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With regard to your article about free trade: 0 First of all, let me say that free trade of any sort has never existed in Canada. The rather preposterous sham you describe says nothing about the pqtential and actual suc, cesses of a real free trade system. Why do I say that the industry is not free? First there is a tax of about 50% on profits (as though the businessmen did not [ose ehough in personal income taxes). Seeond, in a hidden tax, the companies must pay amounts equal to or greater than employee contributions into the Canada Pension Plan and Unemployment Insurance Commission, while receiving no bene@s from those programs. Third. the industry is forced to deal with whatever union decides (dr is picked by anyone other than the company) to work that particular plant. This means that manufacturers must deal with employees not necessarily of their choice, under the ,shadow of the constant fear that the pltint will be destroyed or will be blocked from producing indefinitely . All these government-imposed restrictions, mean one thing-no freedom. On top of that, there exists-and always has existed which is com.,~ in Canada a government w pletely unpredictable in what steps it will take next to milk the business& tonpay for its welfare projects, or to give taxed money to whoever happens to ha.ve pull (say someone with pull who lacks the merit to get legitimate capital), or to planlessly manipu*late the economy to*shut up whatever t.

pressure group happens to be embarrassing it at the time. Despite the harassment and uncertainty (don’t forget, it takes some form of predictability to plan), free world corporations have continued to produce. Despite the restrictions, capitalists still manage to provide more and better products and services. I found it amusing that the auth0.r applauded Russian plant ‘ ‘efficiency” and poo-pooed capitalist “inefficiency” while ignoring the fact that Russian tractors (and products in general) are notoriously inferior in quality, .,Jargely ‘because there is no profit money 10 ’ put into research and development. (In passing it should be added that the figures given in the article for research and development ’ expenditures in the United States are misI h. leading. While I’esearch and development expenditures in the United States amounted only to 4% of sales, that 4% of sales come to a considerably heftier share of profits, about .30&O%, based on usual profit margins.) The article also failed to mention that I American plantsare also generally far more ’ modern and better kept (and where does that money come from? Profits). On top of that, the article seems to have been written under the delusion that “for _ the good of all” businesses should be oper* ated out I of the goodness of the * businessman’s heart or’under the threat of force-in holding that rather silly belief, the author ignores the most appropriate exam- _ ple of that sort of philosophy, Soviet Russia, where the quality pf products (which’ Russians have to buy, when they can scmpe ‘together enough of their -meager salaries : to do so, since they have no choice of different companies) has lagged decades behind that prevalent in the’ (until recently quite), free, “degenerate”, profit-happy (by more than just coincidence or luck) fabul- ously productive United States of America. If the Canadian government was really interested in‘ freedom and the positive ecQnomic benefits of it; it would eliminate corporate income taxes, eliminate restrictive labor practices, eliminate governmentI created monopolies, the only monopolies that c;in be coercive, and, generally, ignore the pressure groups, whoever they may be, non-capitalist businessmen too incompetent or too poorly organized to get money fiom legitimate creditors, and silly screaming leftists who demand the subjugation of busi- I ness’ to the arbitrary, directionless whims of politicians. . P.S. The usual silly comments and statements present iri leftist writings- present themselves in the chevron article on farm equipment as well. For instance, “Cockshutt. . .could not sell Canadianmade tractors or combines In the U.S. market. American farmers were too nationalis-\ tic.” This is absurd. The author admits himself that the Canadian @actors of the period in question were technologically inferior to the American tractors. But he denies that farmers use a rational pro&s in choosing their tools, and contradicts his own material. An unrelated, but interesting statekent comes in, the article’s conclusion. The whole of the article decries-monopolies as coercive; as a solution it suggests that the government ‘ ‘re-capture the Canadian market” and form ‘-‘a socially owned corporation”. Under the wording, ,what it amounts to is this; by coercive measures like tariffs, the government must force Canadian farmers to buy what may be (and is, as the author admits)’ an inferior product, produced by none other than the only kind of monopoly that can exist for any period of time-a government-created monopoly. There’s your socialist “thinker” working for “the good of all”, friends. James Hbdges -1st year Honours Math Reni son College You seem to have confused free trade, to . which the feature addressed itself, with free enterprise, which you would like to defend. Unfortunately you fail to sObstantiate year claims in oven that regard. > -lettitor

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friday,

the chevron

This article was submitted to the chevron by a chemical engineering graduate student Enclosed are with the following comments: some pages of a book by the well known French sociologist Alain Touraine (Director, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris) which / selected for publication in the chevron. I did a little editing. Although it may appear too long for one article, it provides some interesting and relevant remarks about the American academic system, therefore concerning (very much) Canadian readers. One of the main theses is about the role of universities in America which has historically been adaption (integration of society), reproduction, and production of the social order. The role of science in the more recent period is particularly emphasized. Thanks, C/audio. Your participation is very much appreciated. Hopefully it will encourage others to come forward. We will reprint the article in two parts.

Education, and particularly higher education, has three main functions, or more accurately, belongs to three levels of a society’s functioning . In this general introduction to a study of the relations between the academic system and the American society, my purpose is not to list the various activities of colleges and universities or to pay close attention to the aims and organizational forms of varioVus types of institu.tions ; my intention rather is to examine the society itself and the role higher education plays in it. I make a distinction between three levels of analysis, for the study of a society must: l start with a consideration of its cultural and social orientations and class relationships; that is, of the social forces engaged in a struggle for the control of these cultural orientations and of the social organization; 0 examine the decision-making mechanisms, or institutions, through which these orientations and these class relationships are converted into social change: 0 and reach down to the . level . . of as compares, cities, organizations -such or schools-that are the seat both of technical activity and of ideologies striving to integrate the social system.

The first level of analysis In the first place, academic activity contributes to the creation of a cultire. The most essential aspect of this activity is the construction of systems of knowledge. These systems are frequently created outside the universities, but no university can ignore the scientific research and debates that lead to their creation The “classical” period, from Galileo to Descartes and Newton, invented a “nature” -that is, a cultural conceptualization of the material world-that can be described as mechanistic, with a way of thinking that applied to grammar, biology, and economics, as well as to physics. In the nineteenth century, this nature was replaced by another, characterized by evolution and the historical approach, which dominated the thought of the historians and positivists and of Marx and Spencer. This world view-which is not so much a system of ideas as a system of intellectual categories whose meaning and implications are not necessarily conscious-can be said to hav,e been replaced in our century by systematic analysis. This analysis. which first prevailed in physics, went on to renovate biology, linguistics 9 and economics. To study a university we must start by asking ourselves whether it is intellectually creative: that is, whether it participates in / the creation of new knowledge. While developing a type of knowledge, a society pictures its own creativeness and designs a- “cultural model”, an image of creativeness that directs its action upon itself. In industrialized societies, where the action of society on itself is powerful, this creativeness is grasped “practically”, and it

is science itself that constitutes the cultural model of society. The further we go from these societies, the more the cultural models are dissociated from practice. Creativeness can be grasped as that of a creator God, or that of the state as organizer of exchange, or that of the market and the firm. Each of these cultural models is linked to a model of knowledge. Cultural model: A society is not a network of interdependent variables. That would define a “closed system”. Living organisms are able to maintain their equilibrium. Some animals and certainly human beings are able to adjust to change by learning. The human society goes further. It has a symbolic capacity through which it creates what I call historicity: a model of knowledge is the first aspect of it; the second is accumulation--that is, the capacity to withdraw part of the resources from the economic process to invest it. The last is the consciousness of this capacity to act upon itself, in other words, an image of the creativeness. Science is, in our society, a special case: model of . knowledge, it is the cultural model too. The main idea here is to analyze society not as a system of roles or functions but as the transformation of the social and cultural orientations linked with a type.of historicity into a concrete practice in a definite historical setting. One of the consequences of this approach is to give a central importance to class relationships and class conflicts. Because the ruling class is not the upper stratum but the group who “manages” the historicity, the capacity of the society to act upon itself carries as a direct consequence the dichotomizations of the actors, ipto opposite social classes. Model of knowkdge: Society builds a set of categories through which it analyzes man and nature. 4 .merchant society developed from Galileo to Newton a mechanistic view of the world: God, like the king, was watch maker. On the conVary, the capitalistic society introduces a historical approach: biology, economics, linguistics, all main aspects of the sciences, are conceived in terms of evolution. A model of knowledge is not a set of ideas but of concepts and-categories.

Whatever the specific organizational forms of a university, it must first fit into a cultural model. Therefore, we cannot adequately speak of the development and history of German, American, or English universities as if the continuity of the institution implied the continuity of social roles. Professors readily believe that the development of the universities is determined by the improvement of their working conditions and by their own professionalization. They are not entirely mistaken, but science is not merely a professional activity. It is first of all a cultural model, and its development is linked today to a society’s ability to withhold from the consumer market part of its production capacity, in order to devote it to a particular type of investment. The development of science in our society depends therefore on conditions similar to those that made possible in other societies the construction of churches, palaces, or the great works of nineteenthcentury industrial capitalism. The most important of these conditions is the existence ‘of a central decision-making authority, a centralized power able to channel resources toward culturally valued types of investment. Without such an authority, scientific progress could develop in any society, but the importance of science as a cultural model would be considerably diminished. If we look at the nineteenth century, we see that science at that time was still developing largely outside the university. On the other hand, academic organization assulmed great importance wherever there existed a centralized will to develop a new cultural model-his toricism, for example, whose concrete political expression was the national state. Hence the importance of the achievements of the French Revolution and Napoleon, and even more of the Univeristy

of Berlin-an answer to the Prussian defeat at Jena-and the development throughout the century of a German national conscience. Colleges and universities played the same role in the United States, but in the nineteenth century this role was a limited one precisely because of this country’s low degree of national integration and the weak role of the national state. However, in a different society and a different culture, when the cultural model had assumed the form of science and growth, rather than of “progress” in the nineteenth century meaning of the term, and when the university had become the physical site of the development of a model of knowledge, the United States, then a strong national state, established a remarkably dynamic academic system-seat of the creation ‘of the new cultural model. The professional autonomy of the scientists is therefore closely linked to the centralization of political power. The United States is one df the countries where this autonomy, though most constantly demanded, developed most slowly, finally reaching, at the present time, one of the highest degrees ever attained. These remarks cannot be separated from those concerning the relation between the university and class domination. The cultural model of any society is not the ideology of a ruling class; it is an essential element of the cultural field in which class conflicts arise. Through these conflicts, the classes struggle to appropriate the cultural model as well as the means of production. But the university, like any agent in the development of a model of knowledge and a cultural model, is primarily linked to the ruling class. When I use the te_sm ruling class-1 do not Lean upper strata, as if the academic sys:m were influenced by the social and cul-

. . .attempts

january

23, 197r

tural characteristics of a certain socia category. Such an influence is penerall: very limited and indirect. But education iI general, and higher education in particular are part of a system of social contra through which a society is shaped intt forms of social and cultural organization. These forms support and reinforce th power of the group that decides and car trols the investment and production prc cess, defending the “needs” of propert] capital, or corporations against the needs c those who are subject to their decision: But I am not identifying ruling class wit power elite, because it cannot be accepte as a general statement that economic an political power are always in the sam hands. Training of the social elite, propagation c its ideology, activities linked to the de mands of the ruling class-these are som expressions of this bond, for knowledge i not neutral insofar as it makes use of soci; resources. If the Soviet universities resist the de velopment of the social sciences, it is be cause the technocratic power born of ; popular revolution feels threatened by al investigation of its policy, which does no necessarily correspond to its ideology. If in the United States more money ha been devoted to advertising than to th( study of many social problems, it is because advertising brings more profits to the rulin; class. We sh811 see below that this bond is no the only one that subjects the academic sys tern to class domination. Here I am dealin< only with the direct, material, and ideologi cal. action exerted by the ruling class il order to orient the knowledge and trainin; efforts, and therefore the productive work of the academic system. This action is al ways circumscribed by the autonomy o both the model of knowledge and the cul tural model. But it is ever present, for thi cultural model has no existence outside the conflictual field of the social classes. The Relationship between the dependent: and the autonomy of academic production takes various forms. A rising ruling clas relies on new knowledge and cultural mod els to combat the old ruling class. On the other hand, political power is more or les closely linked to the ruling class. As I havl just pointed out, when a national state play an important role, it reinforces th university’s role as creator of a cultur2 model; but this also results in stronge continued

page 2f

tb stimulate political debate among scientists and engineers on campus. The increasing number of feedback letters in response to some of last term’s articles indicates great interest in issues like freedom of research and the responsibilities of academics to the people outside the university whose labour creates the wealth of the nation while we study and whose taxes pay the academic’s salary. Throughout human history., progressive forces worked to improve the living conditions of the masses of people against the will and the interest of a ruling minority, who reacted violently against the just demands of the people. Private ownership and free market economy were once progressive demands; today, under the ruling monopoly financial empires, the defenders of capitalism represent the reactionary forces in the world. -, If today’s production processes require a large number of people to produce a single commodity, e.g. cars, then a large number of people have to share ownership and control of the production process and the machinery. A progressive demand today is social ownership of the means of production. Worldwide private ownership by a few individuals who are far removed from the process of production, referred to as imperialism, creates a contradiction which is being fought out all over the world and right here on campus. Education cutbacks, reduction in social spending, inflation, unemployment, and Trudeau’s economic policy are all characteristic and expected symptoms of ai outdated and desperate economic and social order. Civil engineering professor J. Schroeder concluded his article in the Gazette (Jan. 14) with the following statement: “Unionism is against the free spirit of an academy, since a true scholar is a free individual who should not be forced into the meld of a union-and of collectivism. Unionism also violates the basic human right that a man may acquire and spend the fruit of his labour as he sees fit.” We must conclude that Mr. Schroeder is a supporter of capitalism, since he attacks the only powerful tool that the masses of employees have at present to defend their right to decent living conditions, namely collective bargaining power. He therefore is a promoter of reactionary politics on campus. How does the ftring of progressive faculty at UW and Renison College fit into your framework of the ‘free spirit of an academy’, Mr. Schroeder? Since scientists and engineers play important roles in the process of production and in the management of private enterprises their value system and political knowledge can do great damage to the existing order, which is why this topic is not touched upon in science-and even less in engineering education. With the chevron science section we are trying to fill this vacuum and to promote progressive ideas and activities.

\ :

iday, january

23, 1976

‘

the chevron

lducation _~-Bntinued )minatiofi

Taking into account this level of analysis alone, the academic system in the United States, as established in the la&third of the nineteenth’century, did not play a central role in the society. The society itself played a limited I;ole in- the ,creation-and development of the “historicist” model of knowledge, which owes much more to the English, the Germans, and even the French. The academic system’s dependence ‘upon the “civil society” was a direct one, which limited the professional autonomy of, the teachers. Things are very different in the middle of the twentieth century, when the cultural creativeness of Americari universities and their increased dependence on the-state put them at the very heart of political conflict aRd social and cultural change. In the in-between period, both creativeness and dependency were weak~s; th,e academic system was turned inward toyard the problems of education proper. In defining the third level of our general analysis, we shall see that this type of functioning is related to a different type of link with the social-class system.

*-’

from page 24 of the -university

by the ruling

ass.

There is a parallel between the liversity’s cultural cre&tiveness and its Kial dependence. It would therefore be ilsory to think that the universities could be :nters of both oppbsition and creation, ex:pt at a time of %risis for the social power, hen an outdated ruling class no longer cor:sponded to the new productive forces. he universities then become instruments T political change. It is also illusory to think that the univerties prosper in a situation of “indepenonce” and that u&ersal respect for what lmes Conant calls the “citadel *of learnlg” is favourable to the ‘progress of disin:res ted ihtellec tual produc tiqn. European univeisities are well ac!ainted with this illusory freedom; which their case has meant nothing but routine id corporate_ bureaucracy. Academic dezlopment is never independent of its polital commitment, either on the side bf the 3wers-that-be or that of the forces of social The second level lange . of analysis The mdre “nractical’: a societv’s cultural ’ This level concerns the set of lode1 9 the m&e the ruling class tries to mechanisms, which we shall call instituIntro1 it directly. The universities’ social dons, by means of which a society orutonomy is therefore increasingly ganizes its change, that is, i,ts adjustment to Ireatened, or, as a corollary to this statemodifications occurring within itself or in its lent, the universities increasingly become environment. . leattirs for social struggles. The university is a political decisionBetween the nineteenth century and the ventieth,(the change is striking. But there making center. It sometimes happens that the university’s participation in the decia! significant diffkren’ce between *univer: sions affecting it is reduced. In this case, the ties controlled by a “voluntarist” ’ state central or regional political aiuthorities dend those which, to use a nineteenthtide, through legislative or executive measzntury expression, are more closely linked ures, what changes must be made i6 the ) the “civil society” than to the state. university’s organization to enable it to reMany Latin American universities find spond adequately to the so-called needs 01 ternselves today in a social and cultural” the society. zvironment sir$lar to that of the national In othei cases, the universities have ti lovements of nineteenth-century Europe genuine administration, or at least there iS a Id so are exwriencing the kind of political close interaction between the decision makztivity that is completely linked to national ! evelopment . ers inside and those outside the univkrsity, Famous examples in the first half of the so that the oniversity itself takes important initiatives concernitig recruitment and trainventieth century are the Argentinian uni:&ties at the time of Hipolito Irigoyen’s ing, research and application. ssumption of power, the National Univer( The greater the society’s mobility and the I faster the change of its occupational patty of Montevideo under Battle y Ordonez, ’ \ . 1e National University of Mexico under tern, the less important the transmission of vided that it is genuifiely a ruling class and ’ Althoubh from the point of view of cull&zaro Cardenas, and the University of the cultural heritage; the more important not perely a dominaiing class; in other tural creativeness the American academic hile under Arturo Alessandri’s first presithe training uf new types of professionals, worgs, that it is.a class more concerned system of the nineteerith century seems k. ency. the greater we might normally assume the with developing the productive forces that it rather weak, its capacity for adjustment, Thus, scientific professionalism, the key decision-making autonomy of the university has the responsibility of managing than with for organizat@al invention, and for @apta)le of the state, and the existence of social to be. But these are not the only deter@nmaintaining law and drder. tion to various and rapidly changing social ing factors to be considered. truggles inside the university are three feaI The French experience shows that the demands seems exceptional. The imporThe greater the role of the national state ire> of one type of university; a low degree worst possible situation is one where a natance of the presidents in’ American f prtifessionalism, the domination of a ruland the ,more orgafized academic system, tidnal state, imbued with centralizing tradiacademic history proves the importance of the more limited is the university’s internal kg class loosely linked to a restricted polititions, lets itself b6 progressively colonized the university’s internal decision-making decison-making ability. Rigidi\y. and ten- ’ by, special interests, particularly by system. ti power, and the subjection of students to tralism &an be very favbrable to the iropagn educational model stressing -social integecdnomic and social groups. These groups The preceding remarks would lead us to ation of changes. decided at the top; but the need the state’s protection to maintain their expect this political ability to diminish in the ition define another type of university. li ‘faster the changes iri the society arid the traditional position, and so oppose .merican colleges and uniirersities derecent period because of a closer relation to , more complex that society is, the less effleconomic or cultural change. The uiiiver’ the national state, and especially because of eloped historically from the second type cient is this kind of policy for effecting sity is then in danger of being managed by the introduction of political conflicts in the lto the first. nothing more thpn a coalition of public ad- university. But despite these reservations, This is the first level of sociological change., ministration bureaucrats and university Strong subr@ssion to the ruling class the flexibility and capacity for initiative of lalysis of the academic world, defining it rather than to the state is therefore usually dignitaries, actins from day to day and or- Amel’ican higher education remain tre.’ terms of the model df knowledge, the eulganizing general resistance’ to any organizaassociated with strong decision-making aumendous, so much so that they baffle the 1ra.l model, and the class I’elalfions of a soc- foreign observer, who can neither discover tonomy for the university. This is true protional change. tY* ,I general organizational rules., nor determine the. level of \the various degree,s, nor even identify the typical curriculum for a given Gocational training course. The latter part of the nine&enth century witnessed, within q few years, the& creation or transformation of an 6nusua.l number of universities; During this period, . the university’s essential role was, no doubt, to follow and accelerate the social changes leading to national integration and to I the cofis titution of a ‘national elite. This political ‘ability cannot, of course, be assumed to function in a vacuum. On the contrary, it is all the greater because it clearly fits within the limits/ established by class- domination. v

But it is not confinGd to iutting into practice a policy corresponding to the interestsof the ruling class, an expression so vague &at it does not, for example, account for the tremendous differences -between the academic systems of various capitalist countries. The great flexibility of the Am&can system is related to the fact that it was, at the end of the nineteenth century, and is again today, more an instrument for shaping a new type of society than the means of re- producing an established social order. .

I .

This concludes The second-part -

i /

the first portion of the article. will appear next week. ,

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friday,

the chevron

f student

A referendum will be held at UW on january 28 to decide whether or not the student federation should federate with the National Union of Students (NUS). What follows is a short history of student organizations in Canada which shows NUS in its historical and political perspective.

Although Canadian students had a common organization from 1926, their organization has proven unable, so far, to achieve the strength and stability shown by other countries’ student organizations. The size of Canada makes it difficult to facilitate the communications and interinstitutional relations that are necessary to build the strong sense of common action that many look for in these organizations. It often seems that the only two alternatives are a highly centralized operation which appears remote to the members and one which is so decentralized that efficient administration and decision making is impossible. Especially since the mid 1950s regional differences and rivalries have been a frequent source of friction. Students have sometimes been unwilling to recognize and allow for regional differences in tactics and attitudes, even when there was agreement ‘on activities and concrete goals. Policy differences have been obscured. by preoccupation with regionalism. On top of this problem has been the feeling that a national organization must directly represent a large majority of postsecondary students or else it has no credibility. This feeling goes beyond the practical problems of low fee revenue that accompany a smaller membership. The insistence upon a constantly large membership has led to virtual panic when, in any one year, several members leave an organization-regardless of their reasons for doing so.

Indeed, one disturbingly constant pattern is the rise and fall of members’ interest and of actual membership. At three times in the past 49 years most student governments have watched serious problems develop in the national organization. Each time the first reaction of many was to withdraw until the organization improved, or to conclude that any common organization was not worth the effort. Each time some of the members have chosen to analyze the problems and apply additional resourses to the solution. Twice this succeeded-unity was restored and with a new enthusiasm the organization prospered. In 1968-69 the rebuilding effort was too late.

It faced

new

factors

including

unionism

seminars on a variety of issues which were of growing importance to those in postsecondary education.

The beginning

1975-76

FACT SHEET ON STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS

The sources of the information presented in this chart are 'the data on potential member campuses is the least trustworthy, compiled in 1967-68 and the data here is based on institutions.

AFS/FEA Students who are members Maximum possible membership

35,000 42,000

Member campuses Potential member campuses

Month Present

17 40

ANEQ 80,000 208,000 33 87

campuses 6 Septembe r 1976

founded

Others, especially the Quebecois, garded students as members of the work class who should be paid for their contri tion and who should take part in work class struggles at home and abroad. All members agreed that the differen between the English and French speak nations of Canada should be recogni when NFCUS dealt with educational iss and elected its officers. Constitutio amendments overcame past difficultie: this area. A final point of consensus was chang the name to CUS in recognition NFCUS’s somewhat elitist base and the petted growth of non-university pc secondary education. The agreement on restructuring was enough to hold the organization togethei split came when in elections for the exe tive the service oriented English speak members prevailed over the politici members (mostly French speaking, but eluding a significant English speak group) and selected a conservat Quebecoi s as president. That decision and the growing sense independence in Quebec led quickly to tablishment in 1964 of L’Union generale I etudiants du Quebec (UCEQ). By 1964 b the French and English CWS members fr Quebec had left CUS and joined UGEQ IHowever. federal failure to beein mak large grants’ to education meantu that bl

1945 conferences to renew consciousness of the federation. The rebuilding was helped greatly by the cross-country tour of the 1946-47 president, who both convinced most student unions to resume active membership and laid the foundation for NFCUS’ first serious involvement with the international student movement. For the most part the organization was content to continue in its pre-war path of service domination, although there was some agitation for reduction of the financial barriers to post-secondary education. Quebec’s desire for protection of their culture discouraged str*ong NFCUS activity on education issues. A permanent office in Ottawa was established in 1951, and this served to increase the internal continuity of NFCUS. However, the more active role and increased political involvement caused some strains among the members that had not been evident previously. As the veterans graduated enrolment declined, causing a decrease in NECUS income. It was impossible to meet all of the demands upon the organization, and some student governments began to enter and leave with alarming regularity. The division was most often between larger and smaller members, although there were also differences over policy (eg. scholarships vs. loans as the form of government assistance). The low point was in 1956 when

Canadian students first joined together formally in December 1926 at a Montreal conference which founded NFCUS. Within a few years most campuses had joined. NFCUS’ founders had been inspired by the British National Union of Students, and the original activities included sponsorship of intercollegiate debating and travel in Europe along lines developed by NUS(U.K.). Another priority) gaining national student discounts, had success in the rail and sporting goods industries. Much of the early enthusiasm was generated by an inter-regional student exchange scholarship program. NFCUS convinced universities to participate and although only a few scholarships were available each year, the program was viewed as a symbol of the new co-operation and wider horizons of Canadian students. The early growth of NFCUS was cut off by the Depression. Low enrolment meant financial difficulty for most student governments, and part of their response was to reduce the NFCUS levy and have national conferences biannuallv instead of annually. Some continuity was provided by having

Projected students,

23, 19

january

Statistics Canada and the organizations since the most recent list of student

OFS/FEO

125,ooo 211,000

FAS Recruitment starting 48,000

Es 93

just

themselves. governments

BCSF Recruitment starting 46,000

NUS/UNE just 150,000 592,000 24 295

20/140,000

January

1975

Marah 1975

May 1972

was

32/200,000

October

1975

September

1975

Novmtber

1972

staff

Fee per full-time equivalent student

None

$1.00

$1.50

$.25

$1.00

mass

media coverage and widespread rejection of all formal organizations. COMPOSITION OF CANADIAN STUDENT *i'OPULATION No cure for fluctuating membership has Qugbec Ontario Atlantic been suggested, and if it continues then Canada’s student organizations may always University students 36,000 74,000 150,000 be relatively weak. It would be dangerous to simply forget this pattern. Past periods of College & technical students 6,000 134,000 61,000 strength may have obscured the problem and left organizations unprepared to deal with fluctuation when it resumed. the same person serve as national NFCUS leaders considered dissolving the At the same time, this pattern should not secretary-treasurer from 1929 to 1939. Federation because it no longer represented be a source of fatalism, or the predominant However, the low income and infrequent at least half of the university students. consideration in planning the development meetings led to losses in experience and The response to the fluctiuating memberof student organizations. The pattern only continuity of office. Work begun in the late ship was a more ambitious program stresdestroyed an organization once, and even 1920s continued but little else was started. sing national unity and the need for an adethen the vestiges of common organization NFCUS came to be regarded as a purchquate national student aid plan. NFCUS lasted until 1971-72 and common organizaased service rather than a meeting place of participated in the Canadian education contion was renewed less than three years after Canadian students. ferences, and interest in the federation inthe 1969 collapse. The ill effects of the organization’s slowcreased with the general growth of concern Another quality of student organizations . down and limited role were most obvious about post-secondary education. has been sponsorship of co-operation within when another national student organization, The period from 1958 to 1962 was unthe post-secondary education community. the Canadian Student Assembly (CSA), was troubled and fairly productive. NFCUS diThe most successful of these efforts led to created in 1937. Its purpose was to provide rectly represented up to 80% of the univerthe creation of Canadian University Press. a forum where university students discussity students. Its members were pleased It was founded on the initiative of the stused international and national issues, reachwith the work of the executive and staff. dent governments, was totally funded by ing decisions on the student position. The public was receptive to students’ desire the national student organization for its first for better assistance plans. There was some question as to which ortwo years and was subsidized by that organization should represent Canadian stuganization for over 20 years. No political consensus dents. The issue was settled when the CSA Co-ordination of athletics, co-operation New problems arose in 1963 when fell apart in the face of accusations that it among the various groups of professional NFCUS failed to find a structure and politiwas anti-war and engaged in party politics. students and competition in sports and deA result was that NFCUS moved to fill the cal stance that satisfied all members. Some bating have all received strong and often eswished NFCUS to continue as largely a need for some exchange of ideas at the nasential support from the national student tional level. service organization which lobbied for stuorganization. dents but did not become involved in the During World War II most NFCUS activA similar effort was sponsorship, in the ity ceased, and it was the task of 1944 and wider issues or social analysis. late 1950s and the l%Os, of eleven national -a

West

Canada

93,000

353,000

37,000

239,000 -.

organizations took the political path fr 1964. CUS concentrated almost exclusively education, campaigning for lower finan and social barriers to post-secondary edu tion, universal accessibility to and 01 decision-making within the educational stitutions. Education was seen as part of 1 economic and social structure, a part wh should be consciously involved in chang that structure and which should realize t it reflected the larger structure’s values CUS began and administered a cc prehensive means survey which provic much of the data regarding financial barri to post-secondary education. CUS a worked in associated areas of direct eff upon students such as housing, athlel and travel. CUS and UGEQ co-operated on many forts and issues which affected all parts the country. In 1966 and 1967, opposition within C grew as a result of the policy and foster continued

on page

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on-campus

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23, 7976

debate

about national

and in-

rnational affairs which had no obvious dizt effect upon students. Simultaneously CUS emphasized more an ever the need for Icw=aI work around mes and policies with which it was iniived. The regional conferences of CUS xe abollsshed. and the role of CUS staff 1s expanded to include field work as well the established work in research, eomunications, lobbying and travel. In ‘most predominantly English speaking ,ovinces, the student unions formed inde:ndent associations to discuss provincial sues or the provincial aspect of issues. nlike CUS these organizations had no per ipita fee and staff. There was apprehenon that they would appear to some as a lbstitute for CUS, or as a fist level of exmal activity, rather than a means of comdinating local work on the issues and jlicies important to Canadian students. In l%$, CUS continued to develop policy 1 education, Canadian society and interna3nal affairs based upon a radical analysis. also endorsed confrontation as a politicizg tactic, including cotiontation between US and its student members. The fieldorking system was strengthened, but poor ,mmunications with student unions and idividual students was still a problem. The mass media portrayed CUS as a violIt organization and CUS leaders tried to lnvince students of the value of confrontaon and involvement in “non-student” isses rather than sell the organization as a jurce of services (which it still was) and a thicle for the exchange of ideas among udents. The result was that 31 campuses eld referenda on their CUS membership ith 18 deciding to leave. By the summer of 1%9, a rebuilding efrt had begun, founded on rejection of unalistic rhetoric and willingness to acbmodate most student viewpoints in decidg CUS policy. Before the change could be fected, the 1968 image resuIted in several ore referenda losses, cutting membership 13 student unions with about 35,000 embers. CUS ceased operations in ovember 1969. UGEQ had* wound up in 1988 when faced ith similar problems and such fiagmentaIn of the politicized students that even any local student unions were rejected lb destroyed. Only the travel departments ’ the two organizations survived, and they tve continued as separate organizations alLough without the larger organizations’ rpport they are weaker and have less imact at the campus level.

From

I%9

to 1971, several student ordiscovered that the CUS probms had so frightened student leaders that :ry few were willing to start building a reacement. Radical student action had won many vicries in the late 1960s and early 1970s but meprevailing myth was that radical action rd radical organizations had been a miserAe failure. Provincial and regional -ganizations-usua.IIy little more than volltary organizations-rose and fell. Somemes they met witi success, but fe& had

mizations

more than one satisfactory year and several lasted for only a few months. The atmosphere changed in 1972. Various provinces were reviewing postsecondary education. The Fiscal Arrangements Act negotiations raised the possibility of greatly increased tuition in all provinces. For the first time most students realized the problems of graduating with a large debt already incurred. An effort was made to build new provincial organizations. It was recognized that a national organization was essential to channel student views into the financing negotiations, to provide lobbying and research services and to restore the exchange of ideas among students. Almost immediately there were divisions over how the national structure should reflect regional differences. At the founding of the National Union of Students (NUS/UNE) the Quebec and Atlantic delegates walked out because they felt that the majority of delegates favoured a structure which was too centralized. Of all the organizations started in 1972 only three survived-NUS/LINE, the Ontario Federation of Students (OFS/FEO) and the British Columbia Association of Student Unions (BCASU). OFS was the snly organization which did not follo\x(, several years when its area had no common organization. The Ontario Union of Students had provided a link between the early l%Os and 1971. The Ontario students realized quite early the need for commitment of considerable resources to common work, and the need for good communications. They stressed fieldwork, established a newspaper and through referenda aided the establishment of awareness among students while building up resources. Student aid has been the dominant issue for OFSIFEO and it is presently involved in a province-wide mobilization of students

around

student aid and related issues. Work on the needs of specific groups such as health care students. There has been discussion and activity on a large number of common concerns. One problem unique to Ontario which .continues to face OFS/FEO is the strong reluctance of community college students to meet and work with university students. Among the university population in Ontario there is impressive commitment to working together and considerable awareness among individual students of the province-wide goals. NUS/UNE developed very slowly, having first to overeome the crippling effects of the eastern walkout. It suffered from a fairly inexperienced leadership and suspicion of any national organization due to the CUS image that persisted. Its members were slow to realize the need for commitment of resources, thus adding financial problems to those already plaguing the organization. However, NUSJUNE was able to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and the beginnings of a lobby program. Its priorities were the student aid and financing of post-secondary education issues, ‘with considerable attention also given to the role of women in post-secondary education, housing and student employment. Acceptance of the need for a higher per student fee and concentration on campus work around the student aid issues began in the fall of 1974, and the result was increased continues

visibility and credibility. NUS/LINE has been able to assist the new provincial .organizations, provide a forum for common work on a wide range of issues (international students to entertainment programming) and resume the growth in membership which had halted for IS. months. The Atlantic Federation of Students (AFS/FEA) was founded as an extension of common work on the student aid issues. It has tended to dovetail its actions and policies with those of NUS/LINE, and relies on NUS/LINE resources due to its own lack of substantial fee revenue and full-time staff. Its discussions have centred on student aid, financing, housing, entertainment and student media matters. AFS/FEA has been the channel for student aid campaigns in Nova Scotia and New ,Brunswick. The Atlantic region is fairly large and the student population is widely dispersed. With realistically limited goals, AFS/FEA has been successful in its first year. It now has the challenge to develop its work and strengthen the members’ commitment to common woLk in theregion. L’ Association Nationale des E tudiants du Quebec (ANEQ) evolved from perception in the fall of 1974 of an urgent need for a united student organization in Qukbec. Introduction of university entrance aptitude tests for CEGEP graduates and alarming problems in the student aid program combined to mobilize students in rallies, demonstrations and strikes. There was considerable success in forcing government changes, communications between student unions improved and student represtatives for government committees were chosen. Planning conferences were held early in 1975, and ANEQ was born in late March. Much energy has gone into establishment~of seven regional councils and recruitment of new members. A newspaper is being published, work has been done on student employment, student aid, financing and urban transit. ANEQ is broadening its original base in the French CEGEPs. The Federation of Alberta Students (FAS) was founded partly as a result of the momentum for creation of provincial organizations and. very much in response to the provincial government’s proposed revision of the post-secondary education system.

Its priorities are that revision, housing, employment, student aid and day care. Much of the early work has been on the founding problems such as constitution and fee. It is still a bit early to say what direction FAS will take in its first year. / The British Columbia Students’ Federation (BCSF) evolved in the spring of 1975 out of dissatisfaction with the all-volunteer, no continuity model, of the BCASU. Over the past summer work was done on postsecondary financing issues, student aid and housing. There has also been work on the housing issues. Finances are a problem since BCSF will have been operating for 16 months before it receives fee revenue. ’ There has been considerable discussion on a wide range of issues. Some feel that one problem for BCSF will be overcoming the attitudes towards commitment to common work that evolved under the BCASU. As with the other organizations, there is considerable enthusiasm over its founding and initial policies. As in 1972, there are federal-provincial negotiations of student aid and postsecondary education financing in 1975-76. These have again made more obvious the need for common work by students, and have assisted the formation and growth of the student organizations . Again as in 1972, there are many new government proposals for serious cutbacks. There has also been a realization by the six organizations that it is not sufficient to rely upon ad hoc co-operation of autonomous organizations for strong nation-wide common work. Therefore, the organizations have begun discussions of better ways for them to work together and of the possibilities of restructuring the six organizations to integrate the work they are presently doing, and serve the students more effectively. It is still too early to tell whether these discussions will be productive,. but it seems clear that regardless of the discussions’ results Canadian students are once more increasing their commitment to common work, and their awareness of its need. The formation and new strength of provincial/regional organizations is one indication of this. Another in that in the 1975-76 academic year there will be from 25 to 35 NUS/UNE referenda, giving that organization both worthwhile resources and a meaningful membership base.

plications

Member: Canadian university press (CUP). The chevron is typeset by members of the workers union of dumont press graphix (CNTU) and published by the federation of students incorporated,.university of Waterloo. Content is the sole responsibility of the chevron editorial staff. Off ices are located in the campus centre; (519) 885-l 660, or university local 2331.

1976-April 30, 1977 Salary$145 per week ApplicationscloseJan. 30 All applications,stating qualifications, be sent to the chairperson, Boardof Publications,Student Federation.

You know that it’s finally and irrevocably winter when the profs give up counting warm bodies in class and settle for occupied seats. i, for one, do not expect to be warm again until summer. if “long bill davis” and that damned parrot of his have their way we’ll all be out in the cold before long, so if anyone has any ideas about sitting back and letting it pass, forget-it. if you don’t stand up to them now they’ll roll right over you. but it won’t be with busses, which edith macintosh et al are trying their best to do away with. (it’s quite simple, you see, they all have cars.) and this after refusing the transit workers a decent wage. on the lighter side, one of your presidential candidates is calling for “increased council coverage” by the chevron. we wonder what more he wants, verbatim publication of the minutes of the meetings? the chevrocs who brung ya this issue are: graham gee, isabella grigoroff, dionyx mcmichael, libby warren, jim Campbell, mike ura, george eisler, laura maclachan, judy jansen, pete leuthard, cup, wimi, helen witruk, george lomaga, Sylvia hauck, diane ritza, neil docherty, henry hess and john morris. hh

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