The evolution of the female body ideal 1900 - 2000
Foreword With the rise of mass media throughout the 20th century, the popular image of women has undergone a substantial change. From Marilyn Monroe to Kate Moss, the body shapes of the most admired models have remained consistently slimmer than that of the average woman, representing a nearly impossible ideal. The ideal body image is ever changing depending on the newest trends, diets, celebrity culture and commercial imagery that the media expose us on us. Women have been heavily criticised or praised for their bodies throughout history. By setting an ‘ideal’, society has been expected to conform to unrealistic figures, which has in turn led to a rise in people suffering with eating disorders as well as the number of woman who are unhappy with their bodies. This book investigates and reveals the ‘top ideal’ female body images from the past century and how they came to be.
Contents 1900’s 1920’s 1930’s 1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s
Page 7 Page 9 Page 19 Page 26 Page 33 Page 43 Page 53 Page 59 Page 69 Page 77
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1900’s The Gibson Girl The Gibson Girl, a creation of illustrator Charles Dana Gibson, was a synthesis of prevailing beauty ideals at the turn of the century. Rarely is a beauty standard so explicit and clearly defined, yet Gibson based the iconic illustrations on “thousands of American girls.” This ideal of femininity was depicted as slender and tall, albeit with a “voluptuous” bust and wide hips. The incongruous and exaggerated look was achieved by way of corseting, pinching the torso and waist significantly. Gibson Girls were portrayed as up-to-date on fashion and style, as well as physically active and in good health. While the ideal originally began as the invention of an illustrator, the look was soon brought to life by various models and actresses such as Camille Clifford – winner of a contest to find a real-life analogue of Gibson’s drawings – and Evelyn Nesbit. Following World War I, this idealized image gave way to that of the less prim and more informal flapper girl.
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1920’s The Flapper A product of the increasingly liberal ‘Roaring Twenties’, the flapper represented an idea of women that was far more casual than the formal, corseted Gibson Girls. The archetypal flapper was an immature young woman – a teenager or young adult – who was scantily-clad and had little regard for uptight behavioral norms.
be loose and reveal the legs when women would dance to jazz, popular among flappers. Bare arms were likewise nearly universal. Larger busts were frowned upon, and bras were made to tighten so as to flatten the chest. Blush, dark eye makeup, and substantial lips were in style, as well as tanning; a sporty and healthy appearance was prized.
They were often described as independent, wise-cracking and reckless. Their easygoing style represented a rejection of the Victorian style and also came to emblematic widespread disagreement with the Prohibition movement. Their appearance was one of boyishness and androgynous youth, with minimal breasts, a straight figure without any corseting, and shorter hair.
The ideal of thinness and an enhanced appearance often drove women of the 1920s to diet and exercise in order to achieve this look, as well as buying cosmetics. The look to aspire to was increasingly depicted in advertisements. This freewheeling lifestyle came to an end with the onset of the Great Depression. The 20s brought a huge change to the way women wanted to be perceived. They didn’t want to flaunt their feminine figures, they wanted to be considered equals among men so instead they aimed for a “boyish” figure.
Flashing of the ankles, knees and legs was a common feature of flappers – dresses and skirts in the style were designed to
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Louise Brooks
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Louise Brooks
Louise Brooks, was an American dancer and actress, noted for popularising the bobbed haircut. Brooks is best known as the lead in three feature films made in Europe: Pandora’s Box (1929), Diary of a Lost Girl (1929), and Prix de BeautÊ (Miss Europe, 1930); the first two were made by G. W. Pabst. She starred in seventeen silent films and eight sound films before retiring in 1935.
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Joan Crawford
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“ Doubtless the best example of the flapper. ”
F. Scott Fitzgerald
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Joan Crawford
Joan Crawford was an American film and television actress who started as a dancer and stage chorine. Beginning her career as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies before debuting as a chorine (a chorus girl) on Broadway, Crawford signed a motion picture contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925. Crawford often played hardworking young women who find romance and success. These stories were well received by Depression-era audiences and were popular with women. Crawford became one of Hollywood’s most prominent movie stars and one of the highest paid women in the United States, but her films began losing money and by the end of the 1930s she was labeled “Box Office Poison�. But her career gradually improved in the early 1940s, and she made a major comeback in 1945 by starring in Mildred Pierce, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress.
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Gloria Swanson
Gloria Swanson was perhaps one of the biggest stars of the silent movie era. By the middle 1920s, she was the highest-paid actress in Hollywood. It has been said that Gloria made and spent over $8 million in the ‘20s alone. She was a huge fashion icon whose elaborate feathered boas and bejeweled headdresses were the height of fashion.
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Greta Garbo
1930’s The Soft Siren The Soft Siren describes a less boxy, more fitted silhouette, where the natural waist makes a return along with a defined shoulder. The bustline is a little more accentuated in this body type, as new bracup sizing was invented in this era. This ideal can be seen in the original bombshell of the 30s, Jean Harlow and in actress Dolores del Rio, both embracing small curvature and a roundly figure. This era allowed the female ideal shape to become again curvaceous. Hemlines dropped again and allowed femininity to take pride of place in many outfits. Florals and girly colours were used to showcase the divide between men and women, where the 1920’s seemed to blur the gender through dressing more. This more curvaceous look really looks great and a lot of 1930’s inspired clothes can be seen on the catwalk and in the high street, which is great!
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Bette Davis
Bette Davis created a new kind of screen heroine. She was a liberated woman in an industry dominated by men. She was known as an actress that could play a variety of difficult and powerful roles, and because of this she set a new standard for women on the big screen. Independent off-screen as well, her battles with studio bigwigs were legendary. With a career spanning six decades, few in the history of film rival her longevity and appeal.
Mae West was an American screen legend and erotic icon famous for her voluptuous figure, sexy innuendos, and irrepressible wit. A free thinking and independent woman far ahead of her time, West expressed herself boldly, both
sexually and creatively. Though known for her hourglass figure, Mae West is most beloved for her favorite figure of speech, the double entendre.
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Mae West
“ I never worry about diets. The only carrots that interest me are the number you get in a diamond. � Mae West
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Marlene Dietrich
Marlene Dietrich was a German-American actress and singer. Dietrich remained popular throughout her long career by continually re-inventing herself, professionally and characteristically. In the Berlin of the 1920s, she acted on the stage and in silent films. Dietrich was a fashion icon to the top designers as well as a screen icon that later stars would follow. She once said, “I dress for myself. Not for the image, not for the public, not for the fashion, not for men. “Her public image included openly defying sexual norms, and she was known for her androgynous film roles and her bisexuality.
Christian Dior
1940’s
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After World War II, military shoulders (broad, boxy, and aggressive) become the look du jour. Angularity is the order of the day. Bras take on a pointed look too, with names like “bullet” and “torpedo.” All that translates into the look of the moment: a long-limbed, taller, and squarer silhouette. Don’t be fooled by Rosie the Riveter, the ideal body type still doesn’t include flexing biceps. But it does become taller, and more commanding, possibly echoing women’s expanding role in the workforce while men are on the battlefield.
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Doris Day
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Doris Day is an American actress, singer, and animal rights activist. Day began her career as a big band singer in 1939. Her popularity began to rise after her first hit recording “Sentimental Journey”, in 1945. After leaving Les Brown & His Band of Renown she joined Columbia Records, which remained her only recording label. The contract lasted from 1947 to 1967 and included more than 650 recordings, making Day one of the most popular and acclaimed singers of the 20th century. In 1948, after being persuaded by songwriters Sammy Cahn and Jule Styne and by Al Levy, her agent at the time, she auditioned for film director Michael Curtiz, which led to her being cast as the female lead in Romance on the High Seas. Over the course of her career, Day appeared in 39 films. She was ranked the biggest box-office star, the only woman appearing on that list in the era, for four years (1960, 1962, 1963 and 1964), ranking in the top 10 for ten years (1951–1952 and 1959–1966). She became the top-ranking female box-office star of all time and is currently ranked sixth among the top 10 box office performers (male and female), as of 2012.
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Katherine Hepburn
Katharine Houghton Hepburn was an American actress. Known for her fierce independence and spirited personality, Hepburn was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years. She appeared in a range of genres, fromscrewball comedy to literary drama, and received four Academy Awards for Best Actress—a record for any performer. In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute as the greatest female star in Hollywood history.
modern spirit of independence. Despite RKO’s determination to brand her otherwise, Hepburn succeeded in inventing herself. “I was a success because of the times I lived in,” she once said. “My style of personality became the style.”
Costumes played an essential role in fashioning the Hepburn “look,” and Hepburn was vigorously involved in all aspects of her clothes. “One does not design for Miss Hepburn,” the OscarHer highly-stylized personality and lanky winning costume designer Edith Head physique signaled a radical departure once said. “One designs with her. She’s a from such screen sirens as Jean Harlow real professional, and she has very definite and Carole Lombard. Instead, Hepburn feelings about what things are right for conveyed the essence of modernism—a her, whether it has to do with costumes, woman who looked life straight in the eye. scripts, or her entire lifestyle.” She wore clothes that allowed her to move freely; Hepburn was part of the post-suffrage offscreen, she favored a sportswear look generation of women, and her screen that reflected her innate athleticism. persona resonated with that generation’s
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Marilyn Monroe
1950’s The Golden Age of Hollywood The ideal body image for women remained fullerfigured in the post-war period of the 1950s. A busty, voluptuous hourglass look was prized, as exhibited by models such as Marilyn Monroe and Grace Kelly.
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The increasing popularity of Hollywood films helped propel glamour models like Monroe to widespread public consciousness, and combined with the increased freedom of material after the end of wartime rationing, women’s fashion options were once again extensive. However, this expansion in options now meant that women were expected to take full advantage of beauty products and never leave the home without looking their best. Along with a well-composed overall appearance, flawless skin was now expected as well.
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Marilyn Monroe
35 Marilyn Monroe was an American actress, model, and singer, who became a major sex symbol, starring in a number of commercially successful motion pictures during the 1950s and early 1960s. Her trade marks were; Lisp, breathless voice, Platinum blonde hair, Voluptuous figure, Beauty spot on cheek. Voted ‘Sexiest Woman of the Century’ by People Magazine. During her all-too-brief life, Marilyn Monroe overcame a difficult childhood to become one of the world’s biggest and most enduring sex symbols. During her career, Monroe’s films grossed more than $200 million. Monroe died of a drug overdose on August 5, 1962, at only 36 years old. With her breathy voice and hourglass figure, Monroe became a much-admired international star, despite her chronic insecurities regarding her acting abilities. Monroe suffered from pre-performance anxiety that sometimes made her physically ill.
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Sophia Loren
“ Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. It is not something physical. ” Sophia Loren
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Sophia Loren
Sophia Loren is an Italian film star. Nicknamed “little stick� by her classmates for her sickly physique, at the age of 14 Loren blossomed, seemingly overnight, from a frail child into a beautiful and voluptuous woman. She began her career at age 14 after entering a beauty pageant in 1949. She still has her quintessential hourglass figure.
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Slender, serene and always immaculately understated, she dazzled everyone she met. Alfred Hitchcock was among the many to express himself entranced by what he called her ‘sexual elegance’. ‘She’ll be different in every movie she makes,’ he declared. ‘Not because of make-up or clothes, but because she plays a character from the inside out. There is no one like her.’
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Grace Kelly
Grace Patricia Kelly was an American actress who, after marrying Prince Rainier III, became Princess of Monaco. After embarking on an acting career in 1950, at the age of 20, Kelly appeared in New York City theatrical productions and more than 40 episodes of live drama productions broadcast during the early 1950s Golden Age of Television.
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Twiggy
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Twiggy
1960’s Twiggy With the sexual revolution of the 1960s came a substantial reversal of the ‘50s idealized image. Rather than curvaceous figures, thin and androgynous women were now prominent, somewhat recapitulating the flapper look of the 1920s. Twiggy, a major supermodel of the 1960s, embodied many of these seismic shifts in idealized body types. In contrast to the full-figured and voluptuous Monroe and Kelly, the 112 lb Twiggy had a minimal chest, a slight frame, short hair, and a boyish look. This new form of beauty abandoned all curves and any hint of a mature look, instead appearing almost prepubescent. However, a “hippie” look including long, straight hair also came to the fore in the latter half of the ‘60s, and a more full-figured hourglass look persisted among several high-profile actresses such as Jane Fonda and Sophia Loren.
Twiggy
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Twiggy is best remembered as one of the first international supermodels and a fashion icon of the 1960s. Just sixteen years old in 1965, and her skinny frame and modern, boyish image helped her stand out from other models. Twiggy became an international supermodel. Her image gave other models and fans the idea that slim was definitely the key to success and popularity. With the introduction of the model Twiggy, the idea of slenderness became more popular and standard among the model world. Just because one person entered the scene, the bar was set to be successful and skinny. Her boyishly thin image was criticised as, and is still blamed for, promoting an “unhealthy� body ideal for women.
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During her career, Shrimpton was widely reported to be the “world’s highest paid model”,the “most famous model” and the “most photographed in the world”. She was also described as having the
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Jean Shrimpton
Jean Shrimpton is an English model and actress. She was an icon of Swinging London and is considered to be one of the world’s first supermodels. She appeared on numerous covers including Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar, Vanity Fair, Glamour, Elle, Ladies’ Home Journal, Newsweek, and Time magazines. In 2012, Shrimpton was named by Times as one of the 100 most influential fashion icons of all time. She starred alongside Paul Jones in the 1967 film Privilege.
“world’s most beautiful face” and as “the most beautiful girl in the world”. She was dubbed “The It Girl”, “The Face”, “The Face of the Moment”, and “The Face of the ‘60s”. Glamour named her “Model of The Year” in June 1963. She contrasted with the aristocratic-looking models of the 1950s by representing the coltish, gamine look of the youthquake movement in 1960s Swinging London, and she was reported as “the symbol of Swinging London.” Breaking the popular mould of voluptuous figures with her long legs and slim figure, she was nicknamed “The Shrimp”. Shrimpton was also known for her long hair with a fringe, wide doe-eyes, long wispy eyelashes, arched brows, and pouty lips
Audrey Hepburn
Audrey Hepburn was a British actress and humanitarian. Recognised as a film and fashion icon, Hepburn was active during Hollywood’s Golden Age. She was ranked by the American Film Institute as the third greatest female screen legend in the history of American cinema and has been placed in the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame.
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She is also regarded by some to be the most naturally beautiful woman of all time. Her image is clean-cut, gamine yet feminine, chic. When we do features at Glamour on how to achieve a “timeless” look, we often look back to Audrey.’ Hepburn was boyish, and yet feminine simultaneously.
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Audrey Hepburn
“ For beautiful eyes, look for the good in others; for beautiful lips, speak only words of kindness; and for poise, walk with the knowledge that you are never alone. � Audrey Hepburn
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Lynda Carter
1970’s The 1970s saw the continued dominance of a Twiggylike thin ideal, which began to have a widespread impact on women’s health and eating habits. Anorexia nervosa first began to receive mainstream coverage in the ‘70s, and singer Karen Carpenter was known to diet at starvation levels over the decade – a practice which would claim her life in 1983. The era also saw the rise of diet pills, which often used potentially dangerous amphetamines to suppress the appetite.
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Farah Fawcett
Actress Farrah Fawcett and her layered hair and onepiece swimsuits also rose to prominence as a sex symbol of the time. Hair was typically worn long, and makeup was now minimal to achieve a “natural look.� The cosmetics industry diversified to take advantage of these trends, with a wider range of offerings in terms of makeup looks.
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Jerry Hall
Jerry Hall personified 1970s glamour. The Texan belle, turned model, turned actress is famed for her incredibly long legs, thick mane of blonde hair and high profile relationship with ex-husband Mick Jagger – lead singer of The Rolling Stones. Hall’s daughter Georgia May Jagger has inherited her statuesque beauty and now follows directly in Hall’s footsteps working with designers including Vivienne Westwood and Chanel.
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1980’s Rise of the supermodel While the 1970s thin ideal persisted, there was now also an increased emphasis on fitness. Toned but not overly muscular bodies were now prized, and aerobic exercise shows and videotapes became a widespread trend – dieting was no longer the only way that women were expected to keep a perfect figure. Media depictions of women in the ‘80s tended toward even more slenderness and greater height. The most popular fashions included headbands, tights, leggings, leg warmers, and short skirts made of spandex or other stretchy materials. This era also saw the rise of supermodels such as Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford, and Claudia Schiffer. In the ‘80s, 60% of Playboy magazine models weighed 15% less than a healthy average weight for their size.
Cindy Crawford
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When faced with discrimination, Campbell received support from her friends; she later quoted Turlington and Evangelista as telling Dolce & Gabbana, “If you don’t use Naomi, you don’t get us.” In December 1987, she appeared on the cover of British Vogue, as that publication’s first black
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Naomi Campbell, 1987
During the 80’s Naomi Campbell’s success grew steadily: she walked the runway for such designers as Gianni Versace, Azzedine Alaïa, and Isaac Mizrahi, and posed for such photographers as Peter Lindbergh, Herb Ritts, and Bruce Weber. By the late 1980s, Campbell, with Christy Turlington and Linda Evangelista, formed a trio known as the “Trinity”, who became the most recognisable and in-demand models of their generation.
cover girl since 1966. In August 1988, she became the first black model to appear on the cover of French Vogue, after her friend and mentor, designer Yves St. Laurent, threatened to withdraw his advertising from the magazine if it continued to refuse to place black models on its cover. The following year, she appeared on the cover of American Vogue, which marked the first time a black model graced the front of the September issue, traditionally the year’s biggest and most important issue. In January 1990, Campbell, who was declared “the reigning megamodel of them all” by Interview, appeared with Christy Turlington, Cindy Crawford, and Tatjana Patitz on an iconic cover of British Vogue, shot by Peter Lindbergh.
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Schiffer achieved supermodel status and was selected by Karl Lagerfeld to become the new face of Chanel. She went on to become world famous, instantly recognisable with her blue eyes, blonde hair and tall figure, standing at 5 ft 11 in.
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Claudia Schiffer
Claudia Schiffer is a German model and creative director of her own clothing label. Schiffer rose to popularity and became a household name during the early 1980s as one of the world’s most successful models. In her early career, she was said to resemble Brigitte Bardot. She appeared on more than 1000 magazine covers and continues to front global campaigns for luxury fashion and fragrance houses. In 2002, Forbes estimated her net worth at about US$55 million (£38 million).
Schiffer appeared on the November 1999 millennium cover of Vogue as one of the “Modern Muses”. Named as one of the most beautiful women in the world, her ability to appeal to a global audience has assured an internationally successful career spanning more than 25 years. Schiffer was the first model to make the covers of Vanity Fair, Rolling Stone, The New York Times and People and has appeared numerous times on covers of Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar, Elle, Cosmopolitan and Time. Schiffer has appeared on the catwalk for numerous fashion houses, including Versace, Yves Saint Laurent, Dolce & Gabbana, Chanel and Valentino.
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Linda Evangelista
Linda Evangelista (born May 10, 1965) is a Canadian model. She is one of the most accomplished and influential models of all time, and has been featured on over 700 magazine covers. Evangelista is mostly known for being the longtime muse of photographer Steven Meisel, as well as for coining the phrase “We don’t wake up for less than $10,000 a day.” She holds the record for her multiple appearances on the cover of Vogue Italia, all of which were photographed by Meisel.
chose not to diversify into other ventures outside of modeling. She retired from her career in 1998 and made a comeback three years later, this time working only sporadically. Her achievements as a model led to her being voted as “the greatest supermodel of all time” by the viewers of the showFashion File in 2008.
As a teenager, Evangelista started modeling locally in her hometown. In 1981, she took part in the Miss Teen Niagara beauty pageant.And while she did Described as the “chameleon” of the not win the pageant, her presence caught fashion industry, and as a key figure among the eye of a representative from Elite the five supermodels, Evangelista was one Model Management. of the most famous women in the world during the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s. Unlike her colleagues, she
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Elle Macpherson
Model and actress Elle Macpherson was born in Sydney, Australia. Nicknamed “The Body,” the six-foot-tall Macpherson is one of a handful of figures credited with putting the “super” in the word “supermodel.” Even prior to her ascendancy to modeling fame, Macpherson was no stranger to the high life. After her parents divorced in her early teens, her mother remarried multimillionaire Neil Macpherson, the owner of a chain of stereo equipment stores. After a brief stint studying law at Sydney University, Macpherson was “discovered” while on a ski vacation in Aspen, Colorado. A contract with Click Model Management soon followed.
Like so many of her contemporaries, Sports Illustrated’s swimsuit edition was her springboard to public fame. The powerful, athletic Macpherson graced four SI covers (1986-’88, 1994). In addition to appearances in the mainstay publications of the modeling world, Macpherson parleyed her SI success into contracts with Victoria’s Secret and Playboy. For her work in the latter, she netted a whopping $25,000 per page. The spread was ten pages long. For a time, Macpherson was one of the wealthiest models in the business. She marketed a series of her own photo calendars and starred in a successful fitness video. In 1995, People magazine included her in its “50 Most Beautiful People” issue.
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Kate Moss
1990’s Heroin Chic Throughout the ‘90s, this thin ideal became even more exaggerated. Women were expected to maintain an increasingly thin look, yet with large breasts as well, as popularly depicted by Pamela Anderson on “Baywatch.” Grunge and Heroin Chic became standards of the time, with slouchy jeans and oversized fraying sweaters. This movement stood opposed to the fit and healthy look of ‘80s supermodels, instead focusing on thinness alone and a bony appearance. The look was epitomized by Calvin Klein advertisements featuring models such as Kate Moss.
“ Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels ” Kate Moss
Kate Moss is the “most iconic model” of all time, and has graced the covers of more than 300 magazines over the course of her 25 year career. She’s also a “bad role model”, according to her critics, who, as ever, are eager to dredge up the scandal that’s plagued her success and cram their pages full of unflattering images of the “world’s most beautiful woman” rolling out of bars.
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“Cocaine Kate,” the headlines called her. “Waif,” came the term coined by her threadlike frame, which inspired a new breed of “skinny” in fashion that all but wiped out the muscular Amazons that were the 80s supers. “And with their extinction rose a new disease,” spat the press. “Don’t blame Kate,” fashion hit back. “Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels.” By far her most famous quote, it is also her most controversial. She made it during an interview with fashion magazine WWD in 2009 when answering the question:
“Do you have any mottos?” Her answer spawned a slew of complaints from body image campaigners, who claimed the supermodel – the pioneer of the ‘waif’ in fashion – encouraged eating disorders. This heroin chic was a look popularized in mid-1990s fashion and characterized by pale skin, dark circles underneath the eyes and angular bone structure. The look, characterised by emaciated features and androgyny, was a reaction against the “healthy” and vibrant look of models such as Cindy Crawford and Claudia Schiffer. A 1996 article in the Los Angeles Times stated that the fashion industry had “a nihilistic vision of beauty” that was reflective of drug addiction and the U.S. News and World Report called the movement a “cynical trend” This waifish, emaciated, look was the basis of the 1993 advertising campaign of Calvin Klein featuring Kate Moss. Film director and actor Vincent Gallo contributed to the development of the image through his Calvin Klein fashion shoots
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Jamie Reid
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Jamie King was discovered in November 1993, at age fourteen, while attending Nancy Bounds’ Studios. After being spotted at her graduation fashion show by model agent Michael Flutie, King was invited to New York City to begin modeling professionally. King had a successful early career as a fashion model, and by age fifteen she had been featured in the fashion magazines Vogue, Mademoiselle, Allure, and Seventeen. At sixteen, King had graced the pages of Glamour and Harper’s Bazaar.
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Giselle Bundchen
2000’s
Victoria Secret Models Supermodel Giselle Bundchen brings sexy back, according to Vogue. She’s credited with ending the era of “heroin chic.” Gone is the pale, gaunt, glass-eyed look of the 90s. Now we enter an era of visible abs and airbrushed tans. Bundchen is crowned “The Most Beautiful Girl in the World” by Rolling Stone magazine and dominates the runway, print ads, Victoria Secret’s lingerie show, and the red carpet on Leonardo DiCaprio’s arm. Hollywood actresses follow her lead hiring a small army of personal trainers and layering on a couple coats of spray tan during awards season.
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In the late 1990s, Bündchen was the first in a wave of Brazilian models to find international success.In 1999, Vogue noted “The Return of the Sexy Model”, and she was credited with ending the “heroin chic” era of modeling. Bündchen was one of the Victoria’s Secret Angels from 2000 until mid-2007. Bündchen pioneered the “horse walk”, a stomping movement created when a model picks her knees up high and kicks her feet out in front. Claudia Schiffer and Naomi Campbell have stated that Bündchen is the only remaining true supermodel.
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Giselle Bundchen
Gisele Bündchen is a Brazilian fashion model, actress, and producer. She is the Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme.
Bündchen has also ventured into acting. She played a supporting role in Taxi, for which she was nominated at the Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Breakout Performance and for Choice Movie Bad Guy. Bündchen also had a supporting role in The Devil Wears Prada, and from 2010 to 2011 she was the executive producer of an educational environmental cartoon,Gisele & the Green Team. Bündchen supports many charities including Save the Children, Red Cross and Doctors without Borders, as well as dedicating time to environmental causes. Since 2004, she has been the highestpaid model in the world, and as of 2007 was the 16th richest woman in the entertainment industry. In 2012 she placed first on the Forbes top-earning models list. As of 2014, she is listed as the 89th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes.
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She is known for contracts with companies such as Harley-Davidson, for whom she is the first spokesperson in the history of the company, and the NFL, for whom she became a spokesperson in 2010. Miller is considered a sex symbol.
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Marisa Miller
Marisa Miller is an American model and actress best known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and her work for Victoria’s Secret. After a stint shooting with photographer Mario Testino for fashion magazines such as Vogue, Miller began working for both companies in 2002. In 2007, she became a Victoria’s Secret Angel, and graced the cover of the 2008 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue to record-setting numbers. Her accomplishments have led to her being dubbed the “return of the great American supermodel.”
111 111 celebrities and models, who over the past 114 years have been titled or seen as the ideal beauty. Adrianna Lima Alessandro Ambrosio Alexa Chung Angela Lindrall Angelina Jolie Ashley Judd Audrey Hepburn Barbara Stanswick Bebe Daniels Behati Prinsloo Betty Page BeyoncĂŠ Bianca Balti Blake Lively Bo Derek Bonnie Berman Brigitte Bardot Britney Spears Brooke Shields Calista Flockhart Cameron Diaz Candice Swanepoel Cara Delevingne Carmen Electra Carole Lombard Caroline Murphy
Catherina Zeta Jones Chanel Iman Charlize Theron Cheryl Cole Cheryl Tiegs Christie Brinkley Christina Aguilera Cindy Crawford Claudia Schiffer Coco Rocha Dana Werbowy Denise Richards Doutzen Kroes Elizabeth Hurley Elle Macpherson Erin Heatherton Freida Pinto Gwyneth Paltrow Halle Berry Helen Mirren Helene Foument Holly Combs Irene Castle Jane Fonda Jayne Mansfield
Jean Patchett Jean Shrimpton Jean-Baptise Mondino Jennifer Aniston Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Love Hewitt Jessica Alba Jessica Lange Jessica Simpson Joan Holloway Joni Mitchell Julie Newmarw Karen Elson Kate Middleton Kate Moss Kelly Brooke Kelly LeBrock Kiera Knightly Kim Kardashian Lais Ribeiro Lena Horne Lily Elsie Lynda Carter Madame Chanel Margie Harrison
Maria Sharapova Marilyn Monroe Marisa Berenson Megan Fox Michelle Obama Mila Kunis Miranda Kerr Morgan Fairchild Naomi Campbell Natalie Portman Nefertiti Pamela Anderson Paris Hilton Penelope Cruz Reese Witherspoon Renee Zellweger Rita Hayworth Rosie Huntington-Whitely Sandra Bullock Scarlett Johansson Selma Hayek Serena Williams Shakira Shirley Maclaine Sofia Loren
Sofia Papazoc Soledad Miranda Tara Reid Tilda Lindstam Twiggy Tyra Banks Venus Williams Veruschka Victoria Beckham