Spring Ag 2015

Spring

March 18 & 19, 2015

Agriculture

2015

PAGE 2

SPRING AG

Spring

March 18 & 19, 2015

Agriculture

2015

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

We’re Committed to

Agriculture Nicollet County Bank Ag Lending Officers Ken Rossow and Gary Miller both grew up on farms in southern Minnesota.

Ken Rossow, Senior Vice President-Ag Lending (left) & Gary Miller, Vice President

Published by: St. Peter Herald 311 S. Minnesota Ave, St. Peter, MN 56082 507-931-4520 • Fax: 507-931-4522 Le Sueur News-Herald 101B Bridge Street, Le Sueur, MN 56058 507-665-3332 • Fax: 507-665-3334 Le Center Leader 62 East Minnesota Street, Le Center, MN 56057 507-357-2233 • Fax: 507-357-6656 www.stpeterherald.com www.lecenter.com www.lesueurnews-herald.com Cover Design: Nikkie Gilmore Ad Design: Nikkie Gilmore, Mary Jo Blanchard ©2015

Working in the field and with livestock, they learned at an early age what farming is all about.

They continued their agricultural education through universities, classes and agricultural schools.

Nicollet County Bank is proud to have two lending officers with their educational backgrounds as well as their genuine knowledge and deep interest in farming and agricultural lending. They are active in our community and go the “extra mile” to serve our customers.

Stop by or call 931-3310 for an appointment to visit with Ken or Gary about all your farm business financial planning. They are committed to agriculture, and they are committed to you.

Like us on Facebook!

220 S. Third Street • St. Peter, MN • (507) 931-3310

www.nicolletcountybank.com

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

Grown Together

BY RONDA ADDY

When two or more crops are cultivated at the same time on a field, the process is called intercropping. The theory behind intercropping is that the crops planted aren't likely to be plagued by the same insect pests and diseases, raising the potential for growth.

The concept of intercropping has been around for some time.

In the South, velvet beans or cowpeas were planted in standing corn in rows wide enough to let the sunlight in. The beans or peas would climb the cornstalks, allowing them to be harvested together in the fall and saving on manual labor.

Deciding what crops to plant in intercropping requires careful consideration of a number of factors, including the climate and soil. The crops used can be from different plant families or different varieties of the same crop species as long as they don't compete with each other for water, nutrients, sunlight or space. One crop will be more important than the other due to its contribution to food production. However, because one crop will mature before the other, the competition between the two will be reduced.

There is more than one method of intercropping. Some of these include: • Mixed or multiple intercropping, in which two or more crops are grown on

the field at the same time without any row arrangement. • Relay intercropping, in which the second crop is planted with the first crop in its reproductive stage but before harvesting. • Row intercropping, in which two or more crops are grown at the same time with at least one of them planted in rows. • Strip intercropping, in which two or more crops are planted together in strips wide enough to allow machine crop production but close enough to interact. There are two types of strip intercropping. Contour strip cropping follows the layout of a rotational sequence and the contour of the field during tillage. Field strip cropping follows the general slope of the land with strips of the same width.

The benefits of intercropping are numerous. Some of these include: • Reduction of insect pests • Reduction of plant diseases • Reduction of weeds • Reduction in hillside erosion • Increased topsoil protection • Attraction of beneficial insects • Better use of farm area • Better production and profitability Although intercropping is most common on farms, it can also be done in backyard gardens through companion planting.

Planting flowers or herbs among vegetables with the same nutrient and moisture needs can add color to the garden and attract more beneficial insects than harmful ones. Isn't that something?

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Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

Potatoes: From The Andes To The States

BY TRESA ERICKSON

In the 1500s, Spanish conquistadors discovered the potato in South America while they were searching for gold, and brought it back with them. It took some time, however, before the potato was appreciated in other parts of Europe. Because it was a member of the nightshade family, a group including some poisonous plants, many feared it. Others recognized the potato for its medicinal purposes, and believed it could cure a wide array of illnesses, including tuberculosis.

Centuries ago, Spanish explorers discovered sweet potatoes on their travels through the West Indies. They liked the sweet potatoes so much that they decided to bring them back to Spain.

Years later when white potatoes, or “papas” as they were called, were introduced in Spain, many assumed the two types of potatoes were related, but they were wrong. Sweet potatoes belong to the morning glory family, and white potatoes to the nightshade family. If the white potato isn’t The potato slowly spread to related to the sweet potato, where the Low Countries and Switzerdoes it come from and how did it land, and in 1620, was introduced get to the United States? to Prussia, where it was recogThe Irish white potato that we nized for its nutritional value. eat today was born high in the To combat the famine spreadAndes Mountains on the Titicaca ing across Prussia, Frederick Plateau, stretching across Peru the Great ordered his people to and Bolivia. There, Aymara In- plant potato crops. Many Prusdians developed more than 200 sians, however, feared the potato varieties of the potato. It became and refused to grow it. Frederick a staple in the Aymara diet as the Great retaliated by threatenwell as in the Incan, Mochia and ing to cut off the nose and ears of anyone who disobeyed his orChimu diets.

ders. By 1756, the beginning of the Seven Years War, the potato had become a staple in the Prussian diet.

During the Seven Years War, a young French chemist, Antoine Augustin Parmentier, was imprisoned in Prussia. While there, he subsisted on potatoes.

Claiming that the potato was the reason for his survival, Parmentier fought hard upon his release to popularize it in his country. He convinced King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to encourage farmers to grow the potato, and to ease the fears of his peers, he shared potato dishes with several highly respected government leaders, including Benjamin Franklin. His campaign worked, and by the late 1700s, the po- brought the potato to Londontato had become a staple in the berry, NH. The immigrants disFrench diet. covered the crop grew as well in the colonies as it did in Ireland.

Europeans made several at- Their success with growing the tempts to introduce the potato to potato prompted other colonists the United States throughout the to try it, and before long, it be1600s, but it didn’t take hold un- came the second largest crop in til 1719, when Irish immigrants the colonies. However, the potato

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was still used primarily to feed animals and did not become a staple in the American diet until the late 1800s with the help of Thomas Jefferson.

cooking, especially their potato dishes. As president, he introduced a wide variety of potato dishes at various dinners and was the first to serve French fries. Because of his influence, the potato While serving as the Ameri- became popular in American can minister to France, Jefferson cuisine. developed a taste for French

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SPRING AG

PAGE 5

As corn prices fall, Minnesota farms worry about the future

By MARK STEIL

Minnesota Public Radio News

St. James, Minn. – Corn is Minnesota’s biggest cash crop, and in recent years it has delivered big returns to the state’s farmers.

But this year, most corn farmers are expected to lose money.

That’s causing a lot of concern among farmers as they negotiate spring planting loans with lenders.

“It’s a bad situation here this year,” said Duane Ommodt, who farms in Watonwan County southwest of Mankato. “Virtually everybody is going to lose money.

It’s a bad deal.”

Ommodt said some farmers could lose as much as $300 on each acre of corn they plant. If that happens, even medium-sized Minnesota farms could see the revenue they earn from selling the crop fall more than $100,000 short of what it cost to plant the corn.

The problem is unprofitable crop prices. Several years ago, corn prices were as high as $8 a bushel, and soybeans nearly $18 a bushel.

But today, a bushel of corn sells for less than $4 and soybeans less than $10, said David Bau with the University of Minnesota extension.

“Both prices are losing propositions today on the farming outlook,” Bau said.

As spring planting looms, the gloomy picture is a problem for farmers and lenders alike.

John Bhend, an agriculture business banker for Bremer Bank in Austin, Minn., said farmers are closely examining their seed, fertilizer and other spring planting

costs. “[They want] to make sure it’s a necessity and not a convenience,” Bhend said. “To try and keep their cost of production as reasonable as possible, without reducing yields.”

Bhend said many farmers hope to cut expenses by negotiating lower land rents. Some have been successful, but the reductions have been fairly small, mostly under 10 percent, he said.

Among the factors keep rent costs high are land costs. Despite reduced farm profits last year, a University of Minnesota study shows that through the end of last September, median farmland prices across the state increased about 5 percent over the previous year.

In part, Bhend said, that owes to the fact that some sectors of the farm economy have prospered.

“The livestock industry has been very, very good in the past two years,” Bhend said. “And if there’s been a parcel of ground that’s come up for sale, amongst a group of livestock producers ... we’ve actually seen guys bid very aggressively.”

Just when crop farmers will have another profitable harvest is uncertain.

Bhend expects most will survive this year’s low corn and soybean prices, cushioned from disaster by the big profits they earned during a run of record income years that ended in 2012.

He said most used the extra cash to pay down debt.

During a down economic year like the one farmers are facing now, Bhend said, that’s equity they can tap.

“They’re taking the attitude that they’re going to work

Duane Ommodt works on a tractor in a shop on his farm near St. James in southern Minnesota. Ommodt says low grain prices means this year probably will be a money loser for most farmers.(Mark Steil/MPR News)

through it, and they’re going to be okay on the back side,” he said.

If grain prices stay low into next year, some farmers will have to make difficult decisions.

Ommodt, the St. James farmer, holds out hope that he may at least break even because some of his costs, like land rent, are lower than most other farmers. He’s also fortunate that his yields generally are higher than most of his neighbors.

At 64, he may not farm an-

other year if he doesn’t at least break even this year.

Breaking even, Ommodt said, is not good news, since it doesn’t provide money for living expenses.

“A guy should eat once in a while,” he said.

Reach Regional Managing Editor Suzanne Rook at 507931-8567. Follow her on Twitter @rooksuzy

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PAGE 6

SPRING AG

Getting involved at the local level Crop and livestock producers can play an important role in promoting and defining the future of agricultural retention in their respective counties.

Crop and livestock producers can also be proponents of agricultural industry development and re-development, locally and on a statewide basis. While each county functions differently in regards to agricultural promotion and development, the following concepts can be considered to encourage crop and livestock producers to become involved at the local level.

Get involved with producer groups

Being involved with crop and livestock producer groups will help you stay informed about a variety of agricultural issues at the local, state and federal levels.

When your producer group has events, be sure to get involved.

For a listing of crop and livestock producer groups, please visit the Minnesota Agri-Growth Council.

Get involved with local government

participation on your: Local Planning Commission Board of Adjustment Feedlot Review Committee Comprehensive Local Water Management Plan Advisory Committee Being involved at the local level will allow you to keep informed about agricultural issues and will give you a voice for the future and vision of agriculture in your county.

Join or start an agricultural advisory committee

A committee such as this can be developed to provide guidance to local policy makers regarding crop, livestock, feedlot and related agricultural issues. Generally, these types of committees are comprised of crop and livestock producers and individuals that represent various sectors within the agricultural community.

Counties that have an agricultural advisory committee include Kandiyohi, Ottertail and Stearns Counties.

Get involved with your loMost counties have various cal chamber of commerce

opportunities for crop and livestock producers to get involved with local government. For example, some counties implement ordinance review committees when ordinance revisions are being developed. Other opportunities for involvement may include

Local chambers of commerce can be a valuable asset to crop and livestock producers. Agricultural production is an important and large part of local economic engines. Being involved in your local chamber will provide opportunities for your voice to be heard as a

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business owner – one that contrib- valuable and rewarding experiutes to the economic well being of ence. Also, participation on local your county and city.

Farm Service Agency boards and Become involved with your Local Work Groups organized by local or regional economic de- the Natural Resources Conservelopment commission, initia- vation Service at the local level tive foundation and Resource can provide you with direct inConservation and Develop- sight into federal farm programs and conservation priorities. An ment (RC & D) area.

A number of opportunities SWCD can provide cost-share exist through these types of or- and technical assistance to crop ganizations for you to become and livestock producers for impleinvolved with local and regional menting a wide variety of consereconomic development issues vation practices. More informathat focus on a variety of issues tion about SWCDs in Minnesota.

Get to know your local related to: County Feedlot Officer • Renewable Energy The CFOs across the state • Agriculture are organized via the Minnesota • Natural Resources and Association of County Feedlot Water Quality • Job Creation and Retention Officers. Currently there are 55 counties that are delegated to • Rural Health Care administer the state feedlot pro• Labor Force Issues Visit the following websites gram. CFOs provide direct asfor more information about their sistance to livestock producers organizations and how to become in regards to feedlot permits and feedlot re-registration. involved with them: Obtaining feedlot permits Minnesota Regional Developand re-registering your livestock ment Commissions Minnesota Initiative Founda- operation is important. You can keep abreast of current rules and tions Resource Conservation and regulations by visiting with your CFO. Also, if you are a dairy, beef Development Areas Get involved with your Soil or pork producer, environmental and Water Conservation Dis- quality assurance programs are in place to promote compliance trict (SWCD) Being involved on an SWCD with state feedlot rules. More inboard is beneficial and can be a formation about the county feedlot program.

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

Set Up To Sell

BY TRESA ERICKSON

You don't farm on a wide scale, but you have a decent-sized truck patch that you fill with all kinds of produce each year. You usually end up with more than enough food to fill your family's freezers and cabinets, and this year, you have decided to sell the surplus at the local farmer's market.

Farmer's markets can be a

great place to sell produce, crafts and other items. In order to be successful, you need to bring your best goods and people and set up an attractive display. If your products and service don't appeal to buyers, you won't sell a thing.

The best displays are clean, well stocked and easy to maneuver through. You may use tables, crates, baskets and the like to display your goods. Just make sure Continued ON Page 13

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Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

SPRING AG

A Little Peace Of Mind

BY RONDA ADDY

Anyone familiar with farming has probably heard of multiple peril crop insurance (MPCI), but for those of you who haven't, it is a form of federal crop insurance that provides protection against weather-related losses and other unavoidable perils. The insurance is available through the Federal Crop Insurance Program, which is underwritten by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) and sold and serviced through private insurance companies.

MPCI policies apply to a variety of crops. Some of these include: • Apples • Almonds • Barley • Beans (canning and processing) • Canola • Citrus and citrus trees • Corn • Upland and extra-long staple cotton • Cranberries • Dry beans • Figs • Flax • Florida fruit trees • Grain sorghum • Millet • Oats • Peaches • Peanuts • Peas • Peppers • Plums • Popcorn • Potatoes • Prunes • Raisins • Rice • Rye • Safflower • Soybeans • Stone fruit • Sugar beets • Sugarcane • Sunflower seeds • Sweet corn

(fresh market and canning) • Tobacco • Tomatoes (fresh market and canning and processing) • Walnuts • Wheat MPCI policies typically cover damage caused by drought, earthquakes, excessive moisture, excessive temperatures during pollination, fire, flood, frost/freeze, hail, insect infestation, lightning, plant disease, tornadoes, wildlife damage and wind. Policies do not cover damage caused by a number of other factors, including poor farming practices, theft and low commodity prices.

MPCI policies also cover replanting, planting and late planting situations. In the event of late planting, there is a 25-day period.

In the event crops can't be planted in a field, no other crops can be planted except for forage crops.

The amount of MPCI coverage is based on the levels of yield and price coverage chosen. The insurance yield is based on the actual production history (APH), an estimate of the actual yield on the crop based on a four to 10 consecutive year production record period. The amount of coverage for crops can be 50 to

85 percent of the APH. The yield guarantee per acre is equal to the APH insurance yield multiplied by the level of coverage chosen.

MPCI policies stay in effect until cancelled in writing after the first effective crop year but before the cancellation date. Policy changes must be requested before the sales closing date. Coverage can be increased before the sales closing date of the applicable crop. Other changes such as address or name corrections can be made anytime. Every year a signed acreage report by unit for each insured crop is submitted before the acreage reporting date for the insured crop.

The cost of crop insurance varies according to the coverage level chosen, the loss history for the county the farm is located in and the APH yield. If crop damage occurs, it should be reported immediately to the insurance provider.

With the variety of coverage, features and unit designations, MPCI is a good way to protect cash flow. Anyone wanting more detailed information should contact their local insurance agent.

PAGE 7

Vermicomposting on the farm Composting is a common way to make good use of food leftovers and other organic debris, but now a technique known as vermicomposting is increasing in popularity in the U.S. Using harmless red earthworms (Eisenia foetida) to efficiently break down the food matter, this simple composting technique can be adapted by any household. It is also being used more and more by organic farmers who have decided to start producing their own vermicompost as well as raising their own worms.

Over the past decade, farmers in Australia and on the west coast of the United States have also increased their use of vermicomposting, leading to a boom in industries directly related to vermicomposting in their respective regions.

But what is the advantage behind such a technique? Apart from the fact that vermicompost is superior to conventional compost, farmers can use the worms for other purposes, such as feeding animals. Additional income is another possibility for organic farmers who Cuba and India are coming to embark on this venture. Different be known as leaders in this area systems of vermicomposting are because of their warm climates. available to farmers: pits or bins,

windrows (static piles of mixed manure and bedding materials), and continuous flow reactors.

Once your chosen method of vermicomposting has been set up, you’ll be able to see for yourself all the benefits that vermicompost brings to your crops. For example, vermicompost offers a higher content of assimilated nutrients, provides plants with better protection against disease, and repels pests.

And because it is clean and socially acceptable, unlike the spreading of traditional manure, vermicompost opens up interesting avenues of opportunity for farmers.

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Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

Be On The Lookout

BY RONDA ADDY

chase and buy the tractor as is. To ensure the latter doesn’t happen to When you buy anything used, you, check out the tractor careyou’re taking a gamble that what- fully before you bid on it. ever you purchase will last longer Here are some other importhan the time it takes you to get it home. When you’re talking about tant tips to ensure you buy a good something small, the fact that it used tractor: • Check the dealer’s suggested could turn out to be a lemon may retail price for the tractor and not seem like a big deal, but when you’re talking about something as don’t go above it.

• Check with the owner to find large as a tractor, that’s an entirely out why the tractor is being sold different matter. Here are some and ask to see the maintenance pointers on buying a good used records. tractor.

• Check with the dealership regarding service and replacement On the day of the sale, most parts for the tractor. tractors are sold “ride and drive,” • Check that the tractor hasn’t which means that you can drive the tractor after you buy it to been stolen or mortgaged.

• Check the transmission, make sure the block is solid, the brakes, clutch, exhaust, air intake, differential is fine and the transmission works. If you find some- steering and gauges when taking thing wrong with any of these the tractor for a test drive.

• Check the engine for smoke three, you are not obligated to or knocks. buy the tractor. If, however, you • Check the overall appearfind something else wrong, you ance of the tractor. Look for new must go forward with your purwelds, rust, holes, cracked hoses

and belts, faded paint, caked-on dirt and loose nuts. Make sure that any body repairs have been done properly.

• Check the cooling system for rust and contamination.

• Check the air filter for leaks in the seals, intake hoses and connections.

• Check the tires for cuts, breaks or cracks.

• Check the grease fittings to see if a grease gun has been used.

• Check the hydraulic oil pressure and flow.

• Check the oil for signs of age and leaks. While you’re at it, inspect the rings, valves, bearings and cylinder walls for excessive wear.

• Check the hydraulic connections for contaminated plugs.

• Check the front wheel rotation. Jack up the machine and rotate the front tires, looking for side clearance in the seals and bearings.

• Check the hydraulic and transmission fluid for contami-

nation and filings.

• Check the bearings, pulleys, chains, shafts and bushings for excessive clearance, and the belts and pulleys for alignment. Make sure there is no excessive vibration in any of these areas.

• Check the hydraulic lift.

Keep in mind that it may run fine without anything on it, so add some weight to it and test it out.

If the tractor has remote hoses, activate the remote hose spools with the motor running. If you hear them lug down the motor, there’s a good chance the lift is fine.

When buying a tractor at auction, there is no surefire way to guarantee you won’t get burned.

Going in armed with the knowledge of what to look for, however, may help you avoid coming away with a lemon.

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Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

SPRING AG

Farming By Satellite

BY TRESA ERICKSON

It’s Sunday afternoon, and you’re getting ready for the game.

You’ve got the remote, the chips and the soda. You flop into the recliner and switch on the TV. Miles away, a satellite dish receives a signal from a satellite in space and transforms it into the game you are about to watch.

At a farm across town, a similar event is taking place. A combine antenna receives a signal from a satellite in space and transfers it to a computer, providing the farmer with information about his fields, including the exact location of the combine. The farmer is engaged in precision farming.

In precision farming, satellites collect data about a farm and transfer it back to the farmer on his computer. The farmer can then analyze the data himself or hire a company to do it for him. Some farmers have already benefited from the use of this technology.

Images from the satellites Landsat and SPOT have been used to identify areas that are under stress

on a farm. However, the cost to obtain these images is high. To monitor by satellite the conditions of a typical 2,500 acre farm in the Midwest, a farmer would have to pay $3,500 every two weeks. Most farmers cannot afford this, so researchers are looking into ways to make the technology more affordable.

yield data for each square in the grid. As the data is analyzed, the farmer may discover a difference in yields among the squares in the grid. While one square may have produced 175 bushels of beans per acre, another might have only produced 150 bushels per acre. The farmer can then test the soil in each of the squares to determine the reason for the different yields.

The square that produced more, for example, may have more nutrients than the one that produced less.

Because it is so costly, precision farming is more popular in the West where farms are larger.

There, most farmers use Global Positioning Sensing (GPS), a series of military satellites that idenThe typical farmer has too tify the location of farm equip- many acres to test, but with prement within a meter of the actual cision farming, he can pinpoint areas that need testing and then site in the field. adjust his practices to meet the Pinpointing the location of a needs of those areas. For example, piece of equipment can help farm- after discovering that a particuers determine the quality of the lar square produced less because land in that location. In the spring, it lacked nutrients, he can take the farmer’s fields are mapped out that knowledge and apply it to on a computer, and each field map the crops in the fall. Armed with is transformed into a field grid. At a computerized soil map of his harvesttime, satellite signals de- field and satellite signals indicattermine the location of the com- ing where he is in the field, the bine on the field grid. Meanwhile, farmer can add more fertilizer to the combine’s computer gathers the area of the field that needs it

PAGE 9

when he comes to it.

Farmers who use precision farming tend to have a better idea of what it takes to produce the greatest yields. They rarely purchase more supplies than necessary and use them only where needed, saving time and money.

However, precision farming isn’t as easy as it sounds. Farmers may know which squares to test, but determining why those squares are bearing smaller yields can be difficult. Factors, like nitrogen levels in the soil, fluctuate throughout the season, so it may

take months before the cause is pinpointed. Even if the cause is determined, deciding how to correct the problem can be difficult.

Precision farming requires a lot of intensive labor, including field mapping, soil testing, data analysis and record keeping, another reason small farmers choose not to do it. Those who do use it, however, benefit and may benefit even more in the future with the addition of geographic information systems (GIS) to GPS. Several companies are now marketing GIS

record keeping systems that allow farmers to record details, such as the type of equipment used and the weather at the time, and personal notes as well, such as an increase in weed growth. This information is combined with the GPS data and documented in the GIS system for the farmer’s future use.

As the technology becomes more affordable, precision farming will become a way of life for many farmers in the future. Those who once farmed by the mile may soon be farming by the foot.

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PAGE 10

SPRING AG

Understanding soil formation

Understanding the process of soil formation teaches us that it is not everlasting and that better methods of soil management have to be developed. The type of soil depends on the ambient materials and micro-environmental conditions. Soil materials as well as environmental factors such as drainage, rainfall, difference in altitude, temperature, and vegetation all determine the type of soil and the speed of its formation.

ferent stages of decomposition. As these materials are being continuously degraded by microorganisms in the soil, which contains billions of bacteria. This organic matter is transient and should be regularly renewed with the addition of new plants or new animal residues.

The percentage of organic matter in soil is low, but it plays an important role in soil properties and plant development. It improves The organic material of soil is soil structure and assists, among formed by the accumulation of other things, in the granulation plant and animal residues at dif- of mineral particles. It improves

the water retention capacities of the soil and plant production. It is also a source of nutrients, providing mineral elements such as phosphorous, sulphur, and nitrogen. Lastly, it is also the principle source of energy for soil organisms.

Soil conditions have to allow for the absorption of these nutrients by root systems. In order to create these conditions, the following basic soil needs have to be met: soil aeration, water, decomposition of residues, and soil fertility.

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

Specialty Crops

BY RONDA ADDY

One of the latest trends in farming is specialty crops, which are profitable crops grown on limited acreage by a small number of farmers. Growing specialty crops is not for everyone. Before you make the decision, there are several factors that you must consider.

Before you commit to raising specialty crops, you need to ask yourself a series of questions.

These include: • Do you know for certain that there is a market for specialty crops in your area?

• Do you have the time, money, equipment and land to follow through once you get started?

• Do you feel like you can sustain your interest when things go wrong?

• Do you have the labor needed to harvest the crops, or will you need to hire others to help you?

Can you afford to hire others?

• Do you get along with people well enough to sell the crops yourself, or will you need to hire someone to sell them? Can you afford to hire someone?

• Do you have a way to get the crops to buyers?

you must check your site and make sure it has good soil, sufficient drainage and access to quality water. If it does not, you will need to make the necessary adjustments. You must also find out what the seasonal water table is like and what kind of wildlife roam the area. Keep in mind that there may be wildlife that could either be harmed by your crops or damage your crops. In either case, you will need to take steps to protect your crops from contact with wildlife.

Here are some tips for handling specialty crops: • Harvest crops at optimum maturity to ensure the best taste.

• Handle crops gently.

• Store harvested crops out of the sun and keep them as cool as possible.

• Know the handling and market requirements of crops.

• Keep harvesting operations simple and the packing line clean and uncomplicated.

• Carefully package harvested crops.

• Secure packaged crops when When planning crops, you transporting them. must find out which ones cusThe decision to raise specialty tomers are likely to buy and buy often. Apples, cucumbers, sum- crops is not one to be taken lightly. mer squash and tomatoes are They tend to require more work good candidates for consideration. than other crops and provide a Popular seasonal items include as- smaller harvest. It is these very paragus, peaches, sweet corn and qualities, however, that generally strawberries. Ask around to see if create a market for such products. there is someone who would be willing to supply you with other types of crops. Avoid going all out and growing lots of crops. Focus on a few and learn everything you can about them before branching out. Of those few, find one that you can grow very well and make it your signature crop.

Specialty crops in general reBefore planting any crops, quire more delicate handling at harvest than regular produce.

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

SPRING AG

PAGE 11

The debate over foods containing GMOs continues The foods people eat and how those foods are grown and manufactured has long been a topic of contention. Recently, the subject of genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, has garnered its share of attention.

scientist can isolate a particular gene that makes a crop droughttolerant and increase its potency to make that crop thrive better in drought-stricken areas. Genes from one plant can also be transferred to another plant to create desired traits. If a particular gene GMOs are organisms that have is unsavory to certain insects, this been altered via genetic engineer- gene can be put into other crops ing. Foods that contain GMOs to deter those insects. have been produced in part in a laboratory by foreign genes from In the past, crops were bred plants and animals. While there to feature specific, desired traits are some people who say that with the hope that breeding two foods containing GMOs are safe different flowering plants to form for consumption, others argue that a hybrid would bring out the best that may not be the case, saying features in both species. However, such foods create new, unintended the process is time-consuming and toxic substances that could exacer- genetic modification in the laborabate allergies and increase cancer tory generally produces faster, less expensive results. risk.

Proponents of foods containFoods containing GMOs are ing GMOs say that desired traits largely crops that are modified can be produced in these foods using the latest molecular biol- more readily, which is advantaogy techniques. In the laboratory, geous to the agriculture industry certain traits, such as increased re- by creating larger, more tolerant sistance to herbicides or improved crops. In addition, GMOs may nutritional content, are enhanced. help crops become more resistant By modifying plant genetics, a to disease, reducing reliance on

herbicides and pesticides needed to fight disease. GMOs also may help certain crops grow better in colder climates and where soil conditions are salty.

herbicide-resistant, thusly choking out the intended crops.

In June 2013, Monsanto Co., the world’s largest seed company, was sued by an environmental group and a Washington farm over claims it failed to take steps to prevent genetically altered wheat from contaminating regular wheat after Monsanto field-tested the modified wheat in 16 states.

But some environmental activists, public interest groups and even religious organizations argue tampering with foods is not proper. In addition, such opponents say the potentially harmAnother area of concern is the ful environmental and medical impact of laboratory-built crops health implications of introducing warrants concern. foreign genes into foods. The effect of such practices on the human In 2000, a study published in body are largely unknown. Unexthe journal Nature found that pol- pected allergic reactions or even len from a genetically modified physical changes in the body may corn crop called B.t. corn caused occur. Evidence as to the safety of high mortality rates in monarch GMOs is insufficient. butterfly caterpillars. Unintented harm to other organisms living Many European nations have in close proximity to GMOs is a backed away from growing crops significant concern. containing GMOs. Things in In addition, there is concern North America aren’t as cut and that foods that contain GMOs and dry. Efforts are ongoing to have those that do not may cross-breed GMO ingredients listed on the laand create super-plants. Such bels of packaged foods produced plants may become disease- and in the United States, but no such labeling is presently required.

That’s disconcerting to some, as there is a high likelihood that many of the packaged foods sold in the U.S. contain some GMOs. The debate about foods containing GMOs figures to continue.

Shoppers must determine whether they want to consume foods that contain genetically modified ingredients or they prefer natural alternatives. TF138414

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SPRING AG

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

Challenges facing farmers today and tomorrow Though farming was once big business in the United States, by 2012 less than 1 percent of Americans were professional farmers.

Many challenges face today's farmers, many of which are largely unknown to the general public.

Many people have an outdated view of a farm as a small, familyowned and operated parcel of land where livestock is raised in open pens and crops are hand-harvested when ripe. The reality is that modern-day farms have had to overhaul operations to meet demand and remain competitively priced while adapting to the ever-changing ways technology infiltrates all parts of life. Each of these factors present obstacles for today's farmers.

Technology Rural farming communities are expected to make an effort to integrate modern technology into an industry that has been around for centuries. But such a transition in rural areas, where communications systems may not be as up-to-date as those in urban areas, is not always

Greater public awareness of agricultural challenges could help the industry in the future.

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national unemployment rate. As a result, many farm families have found themselves stuck between a rock and a hard place, as rising costs for equipment and technology are being coupled with decreasing profits and rising unemployment.

Further complicating matters is competition from corporations and international food producers who have made it difficult for family farmers to turn a significant profit.

Many family farmers rely on loans and lines of credit to survive, but thanks to changes in the financial sector that saw banks become less willing to extend lines of credit, some farmers are facing bankruptcy.

Environmental concerns Many farmers have come under scrutiny for how farming impacts the environment. A growing emphasis on sustainability and conservation has led many people to protest certain farming practices.

Protesters claim that certain practices, such as raising livestock, can pollute water, while the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides is bad for the environment. Many farmers, however, have altered their methods to be more environmentally friendly and self-sustainable in the process.

Climate change is another environmental issue farmers must deal with. Strong storms and severe droughts have made farming even more challenging.

Though it can be easy for those who do not work in the agricultural industry to overlook the struggles facing today's agricultural professionals, a greater understanding of those struggles and the challenges that lay ahead can benefit the industry and its employees down the road.

TF132913

Financial fall-out The ongoing recession of the last half-decade has also affected farmers. In November of 2012, the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics indicated that the unemployment rate within the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industries was at 13.6 percent, far higher than the

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According to the Manitoba Rural Adaptation Council, a shift from a resource-based to an informationbased economy, compounded by the rapid introduction and expansion of new technology in the workplace, has altered farm operation and the skills in demand. Older workers who have been schooled in one way of agriculture may have a significant impact on labor supply and the vitality of farming as a career. Younger adults who are knowledgeable in technology may no longer seek out agricultural careers.

Decrease in farming as an occupation The United States Environmental Protection Agency says that only about 960,000 Americans claim farming as their principal occupation. As that figure has dwindled, the average age of farmers continues to rise, as the Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that roughly 40 percent of the farmers in this country are 55 years old or older. This has led to concerns about the long-term health of family farms throughout the United States.

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SPRING AG

PAGE 13

Set Up To Sell Continued FROM Page 6 you clean all produce and store it at least six inches off the ground.

To pull buyers to your display, dress it up with linens and mix shapes, sizes and colors of produce. This will create interest and depth. Arrange containers so that buyers can see them from a distance and get to them up close.

Keep buyers at your display by placing goods so they are readily accessible, especially to the disabled, and posting prices where they can be easily seen. Make sure all writing is legible and all prices are correct. You don't want to ac-

cidentally charge more or less for an item than it is worth.

To complete your display, check that everyone working behind the tables is dressed appropriately and up to the task.

Casual attire, like jeans and a T-shirt and tennis shoes, is perfectly acceptable; tank tops, halter tops, short shorts, flip-flops and the like are not. Smiling, helpful faces are always a welcome sight.

If one of your workers is under the weather or feeling stressed, don't hesitate to send them home.

Remember, they are representing

you and your hard work in the field. Make sure they dress and act the part.

When it comes to selling goods at a farmer's market, presentation is everything. Make certain you have displayed your goods attractively and offer friendly service. Check your display often, refilling containers as needed, cleaning up all spills and messes, and getting rid of any wilted produce. The smallest of efforts can pay off big at the farmer's market.

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SPRING AG

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

Farmers get creative and diversify

Minnesota DNR alerts public to spring burning restrictions

A recent USDA economic report on rural America took an interesting look at the incomegenerating activities of farmers.

The 2012 study evaluated the ways that farmers are adapting to harsher economic realities.

Most farm households today are generating business income in three ways: by selling their commodities (crops, livestock, dairy, or produce) in the conventional way; developing new ways to use their on-farm resources for business; and by owning or operating off-farm businesses to complement their farming activities.

Significantly, the study found that one third of American farm households re sort to supplemental revenue-generating activities that have nothing to do with commodity production. In 2008, the average income from running off-farm businesses was $42,700 — down from $76,000 in 2006. These farm households have an annual income nearly the double of those who do not own off-farm businesses.

Those households most likely Many farms are diversifying their resources by running to diversify into non-commodity pick-your-own operations or selling their goods directly to farming activities are generally consumers. bigger operations, avera ging over 600 acres. On-farm di versification activities include pick-your-own agritourism, direct-to-con sumer sales of produce and products, and custom work. Such sideline businesses significantly dipped into the human resources of farm households, with approximately 50 percent more operator work time going into the farm than in households who do not engage in these activities.

The overall message appears to be that sole-income commodity production is a thing of the past. But clearly, farmers are able to re-think their job skills and be creative in developing projects to supplement commodity production. Whether they own a business off-farm or offer nonconventional services at the farm, rural Americans continue to make a valuable contribution to the economy.

The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources will soon determine when to start spring burning restrictions. This year, with little snowpack and an early start to spring, restrictions are likely to take effect earlier, maybe as soon as next week.

The DNR restricts burning shortly after snow melt when exposed dead grass and brush can ignite easily and burn quickly.

The restrictions normally last from four to six weeks until sufficient green vegetative growth occurs.

“The spring fire restrictions have resulted in a dramatic decrease in both the numbers and sizes of accidental fires,” said Ron Stoffel, DNR wildfire suppression supervisor.

Fire danger can vary greatly from one part of the state to another. Locally determining when the restrictions take ef-

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Debris burning is especially dangerous during April and May, when most wildfires occur in Minnesota.

Residents may need to find alternatives to burning or wait until after green-up when it is safer to burn. Prior to burning, the DNR urges people to check the statewide fire danger and burning permit restrictions at www.dnr.state.mn.us/forestry/ fire/firerating_restrictions.html.

Finally, the DNR notes that many local areas, counties or municipalities have specific burning regulations or restrictions. Residents should check with local authorities to obtain proper permits before burning.

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Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

SPRING AG

‘Aggressive’ plan aims to separate crops from waterways

By ELIZABETH DUNBAR the group, called it “one of the other people who want clean wa-

Minnesota Public Radio News

Many farmers have long endorsed the practice of planting buffer zones to separate farm fields from waterways. But now that Gov. Mark Dayton and legislators from both parties are pushing a bill to require buffers, some farm groups are objecting.

Buffers can be grasses, trees or shrubs. They drink up some of the pollutants — like nitrates from fertilizer — that wash off farm fields and end up in waterways. They also help keep stream banks and riverbanks in place.

It’s not a new concept, and Steve Woods of the Freshwater Society has proof. Inside a ‘90sera document sporting vintage computer graphics on its cover are some of the same recommendations state lawmakers are considering today.

“At that time they were talking about 50-foot setbacks,” Woods said. “This is well-established physical science.”

Dayton first proposed requiring 50-foot buffers on all streams and rivers in the state back in January. His main argument then was adding pheasant habitat, but administration officials now say it’s about water quality.

DNR Commissioner Tom Landwehr said requiring buffers is only part of the solution.

“The water quality challenge is huge in this state,” he said.

“There is no single silver bullet, and we will have to work as hard as we can over the next 20 years just to make marginal improvements.”

That the governor and members of both parties are pushing a law requiring buffers is significant, say those who have advocated buffers for years. It’s galvanized members of conservation groups like the Izaak Walton League of America.

Don Arnosti, who represents

strongest initiatives that could be in the broadest public interest in pursuit of clean water.”

The bill would require buffers in place by September 2016.

Current law mandates buffers along about 36 percent of the waterways in the state, according to a state agency analysis, so the change would be significant.

Republican Rep. Denny McNamara, who chairs the House Environment and Natural Resources Policy and Finance Committee, said it faces an uphill battle at the Legislature.

“The governor has laid out an extremely, extremely aggressive plan,” he said. “It’s realistically next to impossible as it’s laid out, but Rep. [Paul] Torkelson has been willing to take on what seems to be next to impossible in its entirety and hopefully can come up with something that may begin to work.”

Torkelson, the Republican House sponsor, has yet to convince both the Minnesota Farmers Union and Minnesota Farm Bureau. High grain prices in recent years have given farmers an incentive to plant as many acres as possible. Prices have come down, but money is still a consideration.

Thom Peterson testified Tuesday on behalf of the farmers union before the House environment committee. “The major concern is the 50-foot. Farmers see that as a taking. They’re being told to do something different with that land, and that is a concern,” he said.

But some of the DFL supporters of the bill argued there are costs associated with not requiring the buffers. Studies by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency show widespread pollution in the state’s waters, and at least some of that can be traced to farming.

“I have to at least ask the question for those millions of

ter and swimmable water, etc.: Suppose all of those other people consider it a taking of the clean water that belongs to everyone, if one segment is allowed unrestricted ability to pollute the water?” said Rep. Alice Hausman of St. Paul.

Details have yet to be worked out, such as how much it will cost to implement and enforce the buffer requirement. Minnesota has already spent millions trying to clean up lakes, streams and rivers, but those who manage the money say we won’t see significant progress without policy changes.

Agriculture Commissioner Dave Frederickson said he feels torn.

“I feel I’m torn between two lovers: lovers of the environment and lovers of agriculture,” he said. “We all want abundant and affordable food supply and we all want clean water.”

But Frederickson said the evidence that buffers improve water quality is overwhelming and that Minnesota, home of the Mississippi River headwaters, should send a message to other states that Minnesota is serious about cleaning up.

Last year, the Environmental Working Group criticized state officials for not enforcing existing buffer rules in southern Minnesota.

Craig Cox, the group’s senior vice president for agriculture and natural resources, applauded the legislation, saying it is unique among the big agriculture states.

For a stream a mile long, Cox said, the legislation would require only about 6 acres of buffers on each side, having a minimal impact on the total acres dedicated to row crops.

“The beauty of it is that it’s not a big burden, yet the benefits to water and habitat are huge,” he said.

PAGE 15

Buy your Community Supported Agriculture shares now The Minnesota Grown Program advises anyone interested in Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), to purchase shares now, while they are still available.

CSA farms are a fast-growing model for direct-farm marketing and production. Minnesota CSA farms have exploded in the past decade, growing from 10 farms in 2005 to 90 farms currently listed in the Minnesota Grown Directory.

A CSA farm sells subscriptions or memberships to their program.

Members pay dues before the growing season to receive a share of produce later in the summer, generally once per week for 14-20 weeks, or more. CSA farms schedule and deliver shares to drop sites for customer pickup of fresh, local products. Many farms offer drop

sites outside the city where they farm.

Mark Boen of Bluebird Gardens in Fergus Falls looks forward to a great CSA season and encouraged buying shares soon, “Purchasing a CSA share is a great way to connect with your local farmers and provide your family with nutritionally dense food that’s been raised in a sustainable way.

Reserve your spot early. Farmers do have shares left, but they move quickly. You don’t want to miss your chance!”

Minnesota Grown spokeswoman, Jessica Miles, said preparation and planning are important when joining a CSA program, “Make sure you do your research.

No two CSA’s are alike and you want to choose one that meets

your specific needs as a consumer.

Some shares even include meat, eggs, dairy or baked goods. Take advantage of the community aspect of the program. Please reach out and chat with your farmer to learn more!”

Joining a CSA is a great way to get healthy, local produce! Typically, a full share is enough to feed four vegetable-loving adults. Many farms also offer half shares for purchase. Consumers can quickly find their nearest CSA farm by visiting www.minnesotagrown. com and entering their city or zip code. They may also order a copy of the FREE printed Minnesota Grown Directory by calling 1-800657-3878 or going online to www. minnesotagrown.com.

PAGE 16

SPRING AG

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

Organic claims not always accurate In an effort to live a more environmentally friendly lifestyle, consumers have embraced organic foods in record numbers.

They stand behind the idea that organic products are not only better for them, but also better for the planet. But the claims that organic food is safer, healthier and more eco-friendly may be more hype than fact. Some organic foods are not all that they seem to be, and when you dig for the dirt on "organic," you might be surprised at what you find.

The variety of organic products available at specialty food stores and more traditional supermarkets has increased considerably. Food purists and environmentalists support this growing trend. Certified organic foods are grown without

the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, genetically modified organisms or ionizing radiation. Organically produced meats are from animals that do not take antibiotics or growth hormones to produce heartier cuts.

The USDA National Organic Program sees to it that organic foods meet these stringent requirements and also that any companies that handle or process organic food before it gets to the supermarket or restaurant are certified as well.

However, consumers who embrace organic products might not be getting what they think they are. The term "organic" conjures up images of local produce stands and farmers diligently caring for their crops. However, as organic foods have grown in popularity

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and the organic food industry has become a multi-billion dollar industry, the methods of bringing these foods to a store near you have changed. While consumers may believe that organic broccoli was trucked in from a farm down the road, it actually may have traveled thousands of miles -- negating many environmental benefits in the process.

Many smaller organic businesses have felt the pressure to keep up with mainstream foods and have joined the ranks of commercial food production. In fact, some smaller companies have actually been bought out by large food giants. Organic Cow, a Vermont milk producer, now operates under the auspices of Horizon, a company based in Colorado. Cascadian Farm, which produces or-

ganic frozen dinners among other items, is a subsidiary of General Mills. Many mainstream food companies have their own organic alter egos, which would no doubt surprise consumers who support the organic food movement.

Even true organic foods shipped from small farms over short distances may not be able to meet the hype of the organic moniker. Plant physiologist and biologist Alex Avery's 2007 book titled "The Truth About Organic Foods" talks about origins of organic food and dispels some of the myths that prevail. Avery notes that organic foods are not pesticide-free because all vegetables contain about five percent of their weight in natural pesticides, some of which may be just as potent as manmade varieties. Avery also notes that

more than 95 percent of conventional meat and dairy products in the United States are totally free of antibiotics and 99.5 percent of it is free of synthetic hormones.

Only one sample in 400 violates the antibiotic limits set by the FDA. Avery also states that there are no nutritional differences between organic and conventionally produced foods, which debunks the myth that organic foods are more nutritionally sound.

Organic foods also may contribute to a higher carbon footprint. Instead of using chemical fertilizers to feed produce, the use of animal manure may mean clearing out land for grazing and creating its own problems in offgassing and water contamination that has been associated with raising livestock. Furthermore, the

Friend of the Farmer

U.K. Department of Environment and Rural Affairs states, "A shift towards a local food system, and away from a supermarket-based food system with its central distribution depots, lean supply chains and big, full trucks, might actually increase the number of food-vehicle miles being traveled locally, because things would move around in a larger number of smaller, less efficiently packed vehicles."

Champions of organic foods are sure to stand by the claims that organic foods are better. Many organic foods are nutritionally sound and rely on more natural growing methods. Yet consumers should keep an open mind about both organic foods and their commercially produced counterparts.

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We work with FSA, RFA, and the SBA which allows us to offer a variety of programs at assist young-beginning farmers, expansion projects or purchases, and restructure programs. We are also an approved lender for the AgBMP program which provides low interest loans for septic and waste management systems and conservation tillage equipment.

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Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

SPRING AG

An agriculture degree instead of an MBA? For the past couple of decades, some might say, the nation’s brightest minds have been drawn into the glitter and glory of the world of finance. But speculation and trading might not hold on to their allure for the cleverest graduates in the middle-distant future. More than a few economic forecasters are saying that the MBAs of today will be overshadowed by the agricultural degrees of tomorrow.

they are going to be really, really the rows! It’s just another example excellent going into the future.” of how exciting and full of potential the next years in agriculture are goThat is no secret to technology ing to be. companies like Google, whose Google Glass technology is seen As well-known investor Jim to have broad implications for the Rogers told CNBC news, “I’d urge farmers and agronomists of the fu- (young people) not to get MBAs, ture. Growers wearing Glass gear in but to get agricultural degrees.” It the combine will be able to refer to sure looks like this is where great insect databanks and crop yield in- things are going to be happening formation even as they drive down soon.

The world’s food and fuel problems are really only just beginning; with population increases and the accessibility of fuel oil on the decrease, the people who can strategize and grow the right crops are those who will be the most treasured in our economy. In fact, Timothy Burcham, dean of agriculture and technology at Arkansas State University, recently told CNBC News that “the opportunities for a person that has a graduate degree in agriculture are great now, but

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PAGE 17

Manure, the ultimate fertilizer

Nitrogen, phosphorous, nutrients, water, and organic matter are the major components of animal manure, making it one of the best methods for fertilizing fields. Without adequate management, however, manure can metamorphose into a source of pollution, contaminating water or producing harmful atmospheric emissions.

Manure from large animals, such as cattle, supplies higher quantities of nutrients but contains more nitrogen. Poor management can result in this type of manure burning some of the more fragile

crops. On the other hand, pork or Raw manure can become a poultry manure have higher quanti- source of contamination in plants ties of phosphorous, which is more destined for human consumption suitable for some crops. because of the pathological agents it contains. However, if composting is Cattle manure is an important done properly, the majority of these resource for producing higher agents are destroyed, thus greatly yields of organic crops, so prepared reducing the contamination risk by manures are much better than bulk converting animal excrement, litter, manures for these up-market prod- and other raw products into humus, ucts. Composting any kind of live- a stable organic product. stock manure can greatly reduce the problem of weed proliferation, as Even though city dwellers may seeds that are ingested and excreted only see manure as something to be by the animals are sterilized during discarded, farmers know that it will the composting process. increase the yield of their fields in no time at all.

PAGE 18

SPRING AG

Have realistic goals when treating curly-leaf pondweed on area lakes Herbicides used to treat curlyleaf pondweed on area lakes may not lead to improvements in water quality, according to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

Curly-leaf pondweed is an invasive plant found throughout much of Minnesota, but seems to be especially problematic in the central and southern parts of the state. This submerged aquatic plant is unique in its growth patterns when compared with other aquatic plants.

According to Nick Brown, DNR invasive species specialist, curly-leaf pondweed sprouts from reproductive structures called turions each fall, and grows slowly throughout the winter under the ice.

“Once the ice has left the lake, the small curly-leaf pondweed plants start to grow very rapidly,” Brown said. “They get a jump start on the native plants, leading to dense mats of the plant by May or June.” He adds that sometime around early or mid-July, curlyleaf pondweed has died and the plant decomposes in the lake.

In the past, many managers and lake-users thought that early treatment of curly-leaf pondweed

might lead to better water quality and improved native plant populations. This approach was thought to make a difference throughout the year and over the long term, too.

Recent research has proven otherwise. Large-scale treatments of curly-leaf pondweed in lakes with high nutrient levels, where curly-leaf tends to prosper, did not produce water quality benefits or increase native plant populations – in some cases even after five years of continuous treatments.

The DNR issues permits each spring that allow lake associations, local units of government other entities to treat nuisance areas of this invasive plant on a lake-wide or bay-wide scale. The goal of these permits is not to eradicate the plant from lakes, but to reduce the surface matting it causes and to enhance recreational use of the lake during the open water season.

Herbicides used to control curly-leaf pondweed are restricted to 15 percent of the littoral area (areas less than 15 feet deep) of the lake.

Mechanical harvesting may also be used to control curly-leaf

pondweed. When mechanical harvesters are used, lake groups may control curly-leaf pondweed on up to 50 percent of the littoral area of the lake.

Combinations of herbicide and mechanical methods may also be used. A limit on what areas to be treated or harvested insures that native plants, which provide water quality and fish and wildlife habitat benefits, will be protected.

“Treating curly-leaf pondweed may not lead to long-term improvements in water quality or native plant communities,” Brown said. “But managing the plant early in the spring may lead to improved recreational access throughout the summer.”

Brown recommends contacting the nearest DNR invasive species specialist if interested in treating curly-leaf pondweed in a local lake, or for any questions about aquatic invasive species. A list of contacts can be found at www.mndnr.gov/invasives/ais/ contacts.html.

See us for your Precision Farming Needs • • • • • •

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Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

SPRING AG

PAGE 19

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VANS 2013 TOWN & COUNTRY LMTD, 1 owner, dual DVD .................................................... $26,975 2012 TOWN & COUNTRY LMTD, moonroof, NAV, tow .................................................. $23,975 2012 TOWN & COUNTRY TOURING, heated leather, NAV, 1 owner ............................ $16,975 2011 TOWN & COUNTRY TOURING-L, heated leather, back up camera .......................... $16,975 2010 GRAND CARAVAN SXT, p. doors/gate, p. seat ..................................................... $13,975 2007 GRAND CARAVAN SE, 7 passenger, rear air ......................................................... $6,975

CARS 2014 CHRYSLER 200S AWD, 5.7 Hemi, moonroof,NAV ............................................... $34,975 2014 CHRYSLER 200 LMTD, heated leather, remote start ........................................... $15,975 2014 DODGE AVENGER SE, 4cyl, auto, PW, PDL ....................................................... $13,975 2013 NISSAN ALTIMA 2.5S, 4 cyl, auto, p. seat.........................................................$13,975 2013 CHEVY IMPALA LT, remote start, moonroof .....................................................$13,975 2013 HONDA ACCORD EX-L, heated leather, moonroof, 7K ....................................$23,975 2013 CHRYSLER 200’s, 3 to choose from ................................................ As low as $12,475 2012 CHEVY CAMARO RS, conv., only 25K .............................................................$21,975 SOLD 2011 CHRYSLER 200 TOURING, p. seat, alloy wheels, 25K.........................................

SOLD $13,975 2010 CHEVY MALIBU LTZ, heated leather, moonroof ...............................................$11,975 2010 CHEVY IMPALA LT, heated leather, moonroof ..................................................$10,975 2009 FORD FUSION SE, V6, p. seat, 6CD ..................................................................$7,975 2008 CHRYSLER SEBRING TOURING, conv., hardtop, 41K ....................................$12,975 2006 BUICK LACROSSE CXS, p. seat, leather, alloy wheels .......................................... $8,475 2006 CHRYSLER SEBRING GTC, conv., only 65K .....................................................$7,975 2005 CHRYSLER PT CRUISER, conv., 4 cyl turbo, leather ............................................. $7,975

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PAGE 20

SPRING AG

Wednesday, March 18 & Thursday, March 19, 2015

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