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Summit Communications is an independent communications agency dedicated to raising the profile of the world’s most dynamic, emerging markets through the production of country, regional and sector-based reports.

Through an exclusive agreement with The New York Times Company, Summit Communications reaches the most influential decisionmakers in the political, financial and economic communities of North America. Since 1999, over one hundred independent reports have been published and distributed with this prestigious media company and their flagship product, The New York Times.

As an independent agency that works in collaboration with The New York Times, the representatives of Summit Communications are solely responsible for the content of each report; therefore, the editors of The New York Times do not participate in the preparation of our reports.

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Scant Progress U.S. COMMANDER On Closing Gap SAID TO BE OPEN In Women’s Pay

TO MORE TROOPS

For College Graduates, the Disparity Widens RAISED QUESTIONS IN PAST

By DAVID LEONHARDT

in the Clinton administration and a longtime friend of Mr. Obama’s.

“Hopefully people don’t think the media just puffed him up and he’s a flash in the pan.”

Even his aides wonder if he can meet lofty expectations, which have elevated him beyond a politician’s normal realm, thanks to his celebrity, ambition and biography.

While a presidential campaign would highlight Mr. Obama’s strengths as a lyrical communicator and personable campaigner, it also could expose the shortcomings of a 45-year-old politician not fully developed, and one who will not enjoy the

Throughout the 1980s and early ’90s, women of all economic levels — poor, middle class and rich — were steadily gaining ground on their male counterparts in the work force.

By the mid-’90s, women earned more than 75 cents for every dollar in hourly pay that men did, up from 65 cents just 15 years earlier.

Largely without notice, however, one big group of women has stopped making progress: those with a fouryear college degree. The gap between their pay and the pay of male college graduates has actually widened slightly since the mid-’90s.

For women without a college education, the pay gap with men has narrowed only slightly over the same span.

These trends suggest that all the recent high-profile achievements — the first female secretary of state, the first female lead anchor of a nightly newscast, the first female president of Princeton, and, next month, the first female speaker of the House — do not reflect what is happening to most women, researchers say.

A decade ago, it was possible to imagine that men and women with similar qualifications might one day soon be making nearly identical salaries. Today, that is far harder to envision.

“Nothing happened to the pay gap from the mid-1950s to the late ’70s,” said Francine D. Blau, an economist at Cornell and a leading researcher of gender and pay. “Then the ’80s stood out as a period of sharp increases in women’s pay. And it’s much less impressive after that.”

Last year, college-educated women between 36 and 45 years old, for example, earned 74.7 cents in hourly pay for every dollar that men in the same group did, according to Labor Department data analyzed by the Economic Policy Institute. A decade earlier, the women earned 75.7 cents.

The reasons for the stagnation are complicated and appear to include both discrimination and women’s own choices. The number of women staying home with young children has risen recently, according to the Labor Department; the increase has been sharpest among highly educated mothers, who might otherwise be earning high salaries. The pace at which women are flowing into highly paid fields also appears to have slowed.

Like so much about gender and the workplace, there are at least two ways to view these trends. One is

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Lynsey Addario for The New York Times

At the Pademba Road Prison in Freetown, Sierra Leone, juveniles are incarcerated with adults in a severely overcrowded institution.

For Young Offenders, Justice as Impoverished as Africa

By MICHAEL WINES FREETOWN, Sierra Leone — Set in a wasteland of derelict buildings and furrowed alleys, the Kingtom Remand Home for young lawbreakers here was itself a dilapidated mess, until British donors renovated it in November. Now it boasts a new roof, freshly plastered walls, refurbished dorms and a coat of Kelly-green paint — all in all, a refuge far better than Freetown’s mean streets.

Yet the new Kingtom houses all of four teenage inmates. Fourteen others escaped in October, mostly, the home’s matron said, because there was not enough food. Nobody stopped them because the sole guard was on his deathbed. No one was called to replace him.

Across sub-Saharan Africa, where 350 mil-

lion young people often subsist amid poverty, orphanhood and separation from their parents, running afoul of the law is a fact of life. So are places like the Kingtom Remand Home.

Juvenile justice here is, in almost every sense, an oxymoron. This region’s nations endorse international norms for fairness and humanity, employ dedicated staff members and benefit from foreign donations, yet Africa’s juvenile-justice systems routinely, almost blithely, deliver injustice and brutality instead.

In even a cursory review of child justice in Sierra Leone and three other African nations, a visitor found children locked up with adult criminals in a medieval prison; others recounted their weeks in police-station pens barely bigger than closets. Children languished in

rehabilitation centers with little food, few beds, no activities, not even electricity. Some have stayed well beyond their sentences, simply because there is no money to send them home.

One child said he had been locked naked in a cell for three days with five adults who beat him and took his food; another was in his fourth year in an adult prison, awaiting trial, without ever seeing a judge.

Boys faced years in detention for offenses as minor as stealing a phone or having sex with a girlfriend. Girls bought protection from the law by giving themselves to corrupt policemen.

Again and again, children said they had been beaten and robbed by police officers who arContinued on Page 10

DNA Witness Testing the Water, Obama Tests His Own Limits Jolted Dynamic Of Duke Case

By JEFF ZELENY

WASHINGTON, Dec. 22 — On a winter afternoon two years ago, Senator Barack Obama took his oath of office and strolled across the Capitol grounds hand-in-hand with his wife and two daughters. At the time, a question from his 6-year-old sounded precocious. Now, it seems prescient.

“Are you going to try to be president?” Malia Obama asked her father, giggling as a television camera captured the moment. “Shouldn’t you be the vice president first?”

Her innocent musings go straight to a threshold issue Mr. Obama faces as he edges closer to entering the

By DAVID BARSTOW and DUFF WILSON DURHAM, N.C., Dec. 23 — The moment that may have changed the course of the Duke lacrosse rape case came in a packed courtroom two Fridays ago.

On the stand at a pretrial hearing was Brian W. Meehan, director of a private laboratory that performed extensive DNA testing on rape kit swabs and underwear collected from a stripper only hours after she said that she had been gang-raped by three Duke lacrosse players after performing at a team party in March. Mr. Meehan’s tests on the swabs and underwear had detected traces of sperm and other DNA material from several men.

But his tests had found something else, too: none of that DNA material was from the three players, or any of their teammates.

Mr. Meehan had promptly shared this information with Michael B. Nifong, the Durham district attorney. Yet his summary report — the one that would be turned over to the defense — mentioned none of this.

It was an awkward omission that Mr. Meehan struggled to explain under withering cross-examination from defense lawyers. At one point, he was forced to admit that the incomplete report violated his laboratory’s own protocols.

Finally, a defense lawyer asked Mr. Meehan if the decision not to report complete test results was “an intentional limitation” arrived at between him and Mr. Nifong.

“Yes,” Mr. Meehan replied.

The courtroom, packed to standing room capacity with supporters of the

By RALPH BLUMENTHAL Maybe it was just a Freudian slip.

Rumors of a romantic liaison beOr a case of hiding in plain sight. tween Freud and his sister-in-law, Either way, Sigmund Freud, scrib- who lived with the Freuds, have long bling in the pages of a Swiss hotel persisted, despite staunch denials by register, appears to have left the an- Freud loyalists. The Swiss psychoanswer to a question that has titillated alyst Carl Gustav Jung, Freud’s disscholars for much of the last centu- ciple and later his archrival, claimed ry: Did he have an affair with his that Miss Bernays had confessed to wife’s younger sister, Minna Ber- an affair to him. (The claim was disnays? missed by Freudians as malice on Jung’s part.) And some researchers have even theorized that she may have become pregnant by Freud and have had an abortion.

What was lacking was any proof.

But a German sociologist now says he has found evidence that on Aug. 13, 1898, during a two-week vacation in the Swiss Alps, Freud, then 42, and Miss Bernays, then 33, put up at the Schweizerhaus, an inn in Maloja, and registered as a married couple, a finding that may cause historians to re-evaluate their understanding of Freud’s own psychology.

A yellowing page of the leatherbound ledger shows that they occupied Room 11. Freud signed the book, in his distinctive Germanic scrawl, “Dr Sigm Freud u frau,” abbreviated German for “Dr. Sigmund Freud and wife.”

“By any reasonable standard of The Granger Collection proof, Sigmund Freud and his wife’s sister, Minna Bernays, had a liaison,” wrote Franz Maciejewski, a sociologist formerly at the University of Heidelberg and a specialist in psychoanalysis, who tracked down the record in August.

Dominic Buettner for The New York Times Freud’s wife, Martha, knew about Freud married Martha Bernays, his trip with Miss Bernays, if not its top left, but signed in at a hotel nature. The same day Freud signed

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with her sister, Minna, right, as Dr. Sigmund Freud and wife.

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By MICHAEL R. GORDON and DAVID E. SANGER WASHINGTON, Dec. 23 — The American military command in Iraq is now willing to back a temporary increase in American troops in Baghdad as part of a broader Iraqi and United States effort to stem the slide toward chaos, senior American officials said Saturday.

President Bush and his advisers were told Saturday of the new position when Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates met with them at Camp David, an administration official said.

Until recently, the top ground commander in Iraq, Gen. George W. Casey Jr., has argued that sending more American forces into Baghdad and Anbar Province, the two most violent regions of Iraq, would increase the Iraqi dependency on Washington, and in the words of one senior official, “make this feel more like an occupation.”

But General Casey and Lt. Gen. Raymond T. Odierno, who has dayto-day command of American forces in Iraq, indicated they were open to a troop increase when Mr. Gates met with them in Baghdad this week.

“They are open to the possibility of some increase in force,” a senior Defense Department official said.

“They are supportive of taking steps to support the Iraqis in their plan, including the possible modest augmentation in U.S. combat forces.”

“Nobody has decided anything yet and they have not made a formal recommendation,” the official continued. “They are open to the idea of such an option and are weighing how best to execute it and what the traffic will bear with the Iraqis.”

The possible increase in troops, officials said, ranges from fewer than 10,000 to as many as 30,000.

Politically, winning the support of American generals for the additional troops is crucial to Mr. Bush if he hopes to make the increase part of the new strategy he is expected to announce in early January.

Over the past two weeks, Mr. Bush has appeared at odds with the generals in some of his comments, as the White House veered toward strategies that involve a greater show of force and some members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff questioned whether a “surge” in forces would make a lasting difference.

The Camp David meeting conContinued on Page 6

Marko Georgiev for The New York Times

Out of His Tunnel, Helping a Nun Spread Light John Carbonell and Sister Lauria Fitzgerald picking up holiday treats to give the homeless in the Bronx. Sister Lauria and Mr. Carbonell, who lives in a tunnel below an abandoned train station, have come to rely on each other. PAGE 21

Nuevo Catholics U.N Passes Sanctions Are Latinos just the latest wave of On Iran Nuclear Program immigrant Catholics? Or is the The United Nations Security Council unanimously passed a resolution intended to curb Iran’s nuclear program, capping four months of talks.

It bans the import and export of materials and technology used in uranium enrichment, reprocessing and ballistic missiles.

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Olmert and Abbas Meet

American church, which is thriving in cities like Los Angeles, being permanently Hispanicized? MAGAZINE

Prime Minister Ehud Olmert of Israel and the Palestinian Authority president, Mahmoud Abbas, held their first official meeting, and Israel may soon transfer $100 million in tax PAGE 8 money to the Palestinians.

The Lost Boy In “What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng,” Dave Eggers uses the devices of fiction to dramatize the story of a refugee from Sudan.

BOOK REVIEW

Military’s Newest Challenge Military officials express confidence that their recruiters can meet President Bush’s call for an expanded armed services. But they say they PAGE 18 know it will not be easy.

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Religious Groups Reaping Share Of Federal Aid for Pet Projects

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Hard Lobbying Helps Win Hundreds of Grants

By DIANA B. HENRIQUES and ANDREW W. LEHREN

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A New York Times analysis shows that the number of earmarks for religious organizations, while small compared with the overall number, have increased sharply in recent years. From 1989 to January 2007, Congress approved almost 900 earmarks for religious groups, totaling more than $318 million, with more than half of them granted in the Congressional session that included the 2004 presidential election. By contrast, the same analysis showed fewer than 60 earmarks for faith-based groups in the Congressional session that covered 1997 and 1998.

Earmarks are individual federal grants that bypass the normal appropriations and competitive-bidding procedures. They have been blamed for feeding the budget deficit and have figured in several Capitol Hill bribery scandals, prompting recent calls for reform from White House and Congressional leaders.

They are distinct from the competitive, peer-reviewed grants that have traditionally been used by religious institutions and charities to obtain money for social services.

As the number of faith-based earmarks grew, the period from 1998 to 2005 saw a tripling in the number of religious organizations listed as clients of Washington lobbying firms and a doubling in the amount they paid for services, according to an analysis by The Times.

Sometimes the earmarks benefited programs aimed at helping others. There have been numerous earmarks totaling $5.4 million for World Vision, the global humanitarian ministry, to conduct job training, youth mentoring and gang prevention programs. Another earmark provided $150,000 to help St. Jerome’s Church in the Bronx build a community center, and Fuller Theological Seminary, a leading evangelical seminary

The New York Times

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St. Vincent College, a small Benedictine college southeast of Pittsburgh, wanted to realign a two-lane state road serving the campus. But the state transportation department did not have the money.

So St. Vincent tried Washington instead. The college hired a professional lobbyist in 2004 and, later that year, two paragraphs were tucked into federal appropriation bills with the help of Representative John P. Murtha, Democrat of Pennsylvania, awarding $4 million solely for that project. College officials said the work would improve the safety and appearance of the road into the campus, which President Bush visited two days ago to give the college’s commencement address.

Religious organizations have long competed for federal contracts to provide social services, and they have tried to influence Congress on matters of moral and social policy — indeed, most major denominations have a presence in Washington to monitor such legislation. But an analysis of federal records shows that some religious organizations are also hiring professional lobbyists to pursue the narrowly tailored individual appropriations known as earmarks.

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Today’s Face of Abortion in China Is a Young, Unmarried Woman

By JIM YARDLEY QINGDAO, China — At an abortion more abortions are for unmarried clinic in this seaside city, a young women. It is a very clear trend.” woman sat in the recovery room with For this new generation of single an IV drip in one hand and a cell- women, who have grown up in a Chiphone in the other. She was 22 and na increasingly unmoored from the worked as a nurse. Her boyfriend, an values, and inhibitions, of traditional information technology specialist, culture, the rising abortion numbers sat nearby. They both knew the rou- are rooted in many factors. While the tine: It was her second abortion in 18 Chinese government has focused on months. policing the reproductive lives of In the waiting room, a few other married women, it has paid far less unmarried couples watched a DVD attention to educating single women of a hit Chinese movie until they were called. The clinic, one of the few Continued on Page 16 in China that focuses on reproductive health for single women, performed 65 abortions in March. Of those women, 42 were having at least their second abortion. One woman had her sixth.

Young and single is not the usual profile of a woman having an abortion in China. Far more often, abortion has been associated with married women complying, voluntarily or not, with the country’s one-child policy. But as society has rapidly changed, so has the face of abortion.

Unmarried women, including teenagers, are now having a rising number of abortions, and even constitute a majority of cases in Shanghai and parts of Beijing, according to academic studies and health experts.

And many of these women — migrant workers, urban professionals, students and prostitutes — are having multiple abortions.

“We can see it beginning in larger cities and the smaller cities, even down to the developing counties,” said Gu Baochang, a leading scholar on family planning policy at Renmin University in Beijing. “More and

Joao Silva for The New York Times

Rozaddin, right, a laborer, was wounded last month during American airstrikes in Herat Province, Afghanistan, that villagers said killed 57 people.

In New Role, Senator Clinton’s Strategist in Chief Afghan Politics and NATO Ruffled

By PATRICK HEALY

Bill Clinton’s connections, and his endless supply of chits, only begin to capture his singular role in his wife’s presidential candidacy, advisers and friends of the couple say. He is the master strategist behind the scenes; the consigliere to the head of “the family,” as some Clinton aides refer to her operation; and a fund-raising machine who is steadily pulling in $100,000 or more at receptions.

So far, his roles have unfolded in private as he provides ideas to his wife and makes sure she paces herself, and as he acts as something of a field general with donors, instructing them on how to talk up Mrs. Clinton.

Eventually, though, he will go public in a big way: Clinton advisers can already imagine a point in 2008 when Mr. Clinton has his own campaign plane, press corps and schedule of events in crucial states while Mrs. Clinton is barnstorming in others.

He is also galvanizing new support. At a recent gathering at Morgan Stanley, organized by Roger C. Altman, a Clinton Treasury Department official who now advises Mrs. Clinton, Mr. Clinton fielded questions for an hour from 60 major new donors about issues like her positions on Iraq and the impact of the compressed 2008 primary schedule. Mr. Clinton also recently filmed a five-

minute video, which is being sent to new and old allies, narrating her biography and lavishing praise on her.

“He is the great security blanket for her campaign: Democrats listen to him with intensity, and he can assure her and her staff that he can get her message out,” said Jerry Lundergan, chairman of the Kentucky Democratic Party, who recently played host to Mr. Clinton at a fourhour fund-raiser for the campaign.

But for all the value Mr. Clinton adds to the campaign, there is in-

ternal recognition of the potential pitfalls of his involvement. Early on, the Clintons concluded that the former president would not participate in staff conference calls, nor would he call Mrs. Clinton’s aides directly, advisers say. Instead, he would circulate his advice through Mrs. Clinton; Mark Penn, her chief strategist; and a couple of others. The idea has been to keep the lines of authority clear, and also to avoid the messiContinued on Page 27

Chris Hondros/Getty Images

Former President Bill Clinton, the warm-up act at a recent fund-raiser.

A Hard Race From the Backstretch to the White House

By JOE DRAPE LOUISVILLE, Ky., May 10 — There was the hug from President Bush, and small talk with Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., and the introduction to Queen Elizabeth II. Calvin Borel blushed as he recounted the fairy tale evening at the White House, a grin cracking across a face as well worn as an old saddle.

There he was, all 5 feet 4 inches and 114 pounds of him, amid the heavyweights of politics and culture. Borel, 40, was in that company because he had ridden a colt named Street Sense to victory in the Kentucky Derby two days earlier. Had he not been intimidated by their star power and tongue-tied by his grade school education, Borel could have told them a remarkable tale about how a son of a sugar

cane farmer came to win the United States’ biggest horse race.

How he learned to ride as an 8-year-old tied to the saddle in match races against horses carrying roosters at bush tracks like Cajun Downs in southern Louisiana. How the whip he carried to school each day was more important to him than his textbooks. How by eighth grade, his father finally let him quit school to chase the horses.

Borel’s brother Cecil, older by 13 years and a trainer, became a loving taskmaster for an advanced education in horsemanship. It is a family tradition in Acadiana, a region known for fighting roosters and sawdust-floored honky-tonks as well as some of the finest jockeys, including the Hall of Famers Eddie Delahoussaye and Kent Desormeaux.

“He told me to go out and work hard and be the best jockey I could be,” Borel said in a

Calvin Borel with his fiancée, Lisa Funk, at the state dinner for Queen Elizabeth II.

Haraz N. Ghanbari/Associated Press

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INSIDE 5 Dead and 3 Missing In Attack on U.S. Patrol A coordinated attack on seven American soldiers and an Iraqi Army interpreter south of Baghdad left five of them dead and three missing, the United States military said.

The attack occurred near Mahmudiya, a rural area that is a stronghold of Qaeda militants and that has proved difficult to control. An extensive search for the missing three began immediately after the attack, PAGE 6 military officials said.

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Capitalism in the Desert

Ex-General Critical of Bush

Lucin, Utah, isn’t really a town at all, and the area around it is parched and inaccessible. But somehow the real estate trade has been brisk.

“This Land,” by Dan Barry. PAGE 18

A retired major general is challenging President Bush over his management of the Iraq war in new advertisements being broadcast in Republican districts.

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Leonard Nimoy’s Mission

Scrabble Brain

For eight years, the actor Leonard Nimoy, an established photographer, has been snapping pictures of plus-size women in all their naked glory. Now there is a show, and a book, “The Full Body Project,” later this year. SUNDAYSTYLES

Nora Ephron, an Op-Ed contributing columnist, discusses the perils of online Scrabble.

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Supporters of a Pakistani opposition party set fire to a vehicle in Karachi as deadly clashes erupted around the city after the arrival of an ousted judge.

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By CARLOTTA GALL and DAVID E. SANGER ZERKOH, Afghanistan, May 9 — Scores of civilian deaths over the past months from heavy American and allied reliance on airstrikes to battle Taliban insurgents are threatening popular support for the Afghan government and creating severe strains within the NATO alliance.

Afghan, American and other foreign officials say they worry about the political toll the civilian deaths are exacting on President Hamid Karzai, who last week issued another harsh condemnation of the American and NATO tactics, and even of the entire international effort here.

What angers Afghans are not just the bombings, but also the raids of homes, the shootings of civilians in the streets and at checkpoints, and the failure to address those issues over the five years of war. Afghan patience is wearing dangerously thin, officials warn.

The civilian deaths are also exposing tensions between American commanders and commanders from other NATO countries, who have never fully agreed on the strategy to fight the war here, in a country where there are no clear battle lines between civilians and Taliban insurgents.

At NATO headquarters in Brussels, military commanders and diplomats alike fear that divisions within the coalition and the loss of support among Afghans could undermine what until now was considered a successful spring, one in which NATO launched a broad offensive but the Taliban did not.

“There is absolutely no question that the will and support of the Afghan people is vitally important to what we do here,” Gen. Dan K. McNeill, the American commander of the International Security Assistance Force, said in an interview. “We are their guests, they are the hosts.

We have to be mindful of their culture, we have to operate in the context of their culture, and we have to take every possible precaution to not cause undue risk to those around us, and to their property.”

But American officials say that they have been forced to use air power more intensively as they have spread their reach throughout Afghanistan, raiding Taliban strongholds that had gone untouched for six years. One senior NATO official said that “without air, we’d need hundreds of thousands of troops” in the Continued on Page 8

In their first extensive interviews, doctors and nurses who treated Gov. Jon S. Corzine of New Jersey give a detailed account of his care and recovery from the night of his near-fatal car accident to the morning he took back control of the state three and a half weeks later.

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Violence Flares in Pakistan FOR HOME DELIVERY CALL 1-800-NYTIMES

What Gets Left Behind When New Yorkers move, they sometimes forget things like air-conditioners, window blinds, televisions and false teeth. And then there are the grenades, the handcuffs and even a shrunken head in the bedroom.

REAL ESTATE

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Job Market Listings............. Sunday Business, page 16-25 In New York City and the metropolitan region.

Updated news: nytimes.com CALL IT SURRENDER. CALL IT RETREAT. Call it strategic withdrawal. But bring our troops home from Iraq for their mothers — Douglas Durst/NYC —ADVT.

Late Edition New York: Today, ample sunshine, dry, , high 77. Tonight, mainly clear, low 59. Tomorrow, mostly sunny, high 77. Yesterday, high 78, low 67. Weather map and details are on Page 30.

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In Steps Big and Small, Supreme Court Moved Right Britain at Top Terror Alert A 5-4 Dynamic, With Kennedy as Linchpin

The Face of the Majority Justice Anthony M. Kennedy was in the majority in all 5-to-4 decisions of the term, many of which were decided by the court’s conservative bloc.

Abortion rights Upheld the PartialBirth Abortion Ban Act despite a decision in 2000 that found a nearly identical law unconstitutional.

Speech Allowed school officials to censor and punish student speech that could be interpreted as celebrating the use of illegal drugs.

Pay discrimination Required employees to file a complaint within 180 days after their pay is set to sue for discrimination.

Taxpayer money Said taxpayers could not sue to block federal spending on the Office of FaithBased and Community Initiatives.

School desegration Limited districts’ ability to use race to assign students to schools in integration efforts.

Campaign finance Opened a wide exception to restrictions on political advertisements that it had upheld four years ago.

Criminal law Made it easier for prosecutors to remove potential jurors who express ambivalence about the death penalty.

Price floors Ended ban on price floors, allowing manufacturers and retailers to agree on minimum resale prices in some cases.

Environment Said the Environmental Protection Agency had the authority to regulate heat-trapping gases in automobile emissions.

Death penalty Said a delusional convicted murderer lacked a “rational understanding” of why the state had sentenced him to death and so could not be executed.

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The New York Times

With Perspective on Her Side, Chinese Goods Mrs. Edwards Dives Into Fray Face More Tests

By U.S. Firms

By ADAM NAGOURNEY and PATRICK HEALY

WASHINGTON, June 30 — Three months after Elizabeth Edwards said that her cancer had returned in inoperable form, her role and influence in John Edwards’s presidential campaign is undiminished. She has made a flurry of charged public appearances, become a regular presence advising Mr. Edwards on the campaign trail, and wields behindthe-scenes influence in many internal campaign decisions, aides said.

Mrs. Edwards has also become a free operator on behalf of her husband of 29 years, a development that her friends suggest reflects the clarity and perspective that come from her cancer diagnosis, and her increasingly confident political instincts as she advises Mr. Edwards, a North Carolina Democrat, in his second White House bid.

When Mrs. Edwards called in to a television talk show this week to confront the conservative commentator Ann Coulter who had attacked Mr. Edwards this year, it was a decision

that Mrs. Edwards said she made impulsively and on her own. The resulting dramatic four minutes of television created a surge of attention that at least momentarily electrified her husband’s campaign, winning applause from the left and apparently spiking contributions in the critical final days of this secondquarter fund-raising period.

It also made Mrs. Edwards the sympathetic face of the Edwards campaign, for a few days overshadowing the candidate himself.

Similarly, Mrs. Edwards told gay leaders at a kick-off event for the San Francisco gay pride parade last week that she supported same-sex marriage, a position at variance with Mr. Edwards’s. He learned of her remarks from reading a newspaper, an aide said. Mrs. Edwards said that she was just offering her opinion, as well as an explanation for her husContinued on Page 22

INSIDE Murder Charges for 2 G.I.’s

Papal Plea to China’s Catholics

Two American soldiers have been charged with premeditated murder and planting weapons on dead Iraqis, the United States military said. The charges came as American forces and Iraqis gave conflicting accounts of a United States military raid into the Shiite district of Sadr City in Baghdad.

PAGE 8

Pope Benedict XVI released a long-awaited first official and explicit statement on China’s estimated 12 million Catholics, urging the underground and state-sponsored Catholic churches in the country to reconPAGE 3 cile.

G.O.P. Fears on Latino Vote Many Republican leaders fear that Hispanic voters might hold their party to blame for the Senate’s failure to pass an immigration overhaul.

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Bell Canada Agrees to Deal Bell Canada’s board has agreed to a $49 billion offer to go private, in what would be the largest leveraged buyout ever.

PAGE 4

Bush to Press Putin on Iran President Bush, seeking common ground with President Vladimir V. Putin, will urge him today to support increased pressure on Iran, adminisPAGE 8 tration officials said.

An Island Getaway for Taxes As United States lawmakers push for greater oversight and taxation of hedge funds, those funds are turning to the Cayman Islands as a favored SUNDAY BUSINESS tax haven.

Care Plan Faces Hurdles

By NELSON D. SCHWARTZ General Mills, Kellogg, Toys “R” Us and other big American companies are increasing their scrutiny of thousands of everyday products they receive from Chinese suppliers, as widening recalls of items like toys and toothpaste force them to focus on potential hazards that were overlooked in the past.

These corporations are stepping up their analysis of imported goods that they sell, making more unannounced visits to Chinese factories for inspections and, in one case, pulling merchandise from American shelves at the first hint of a problem.

General Mills, which makes food products like Pillsbury dough and Chex cereals, is testing for potential contaminants that it did not look for previously, although it would not name the substances. Kellogg has increased its use of outside services that scrutinize Chinese suppliers and has identified alternative suppliers if vital ingredients become unavailable. And Toys “R’’ Us recently hired two senior executives in new positions to oversee procurement and product safety, mainly for goods made in China.

“We’re thinking in new ways about this,” said Tom Forsythe, a spokesman for General Mills. “We’re looking for things we didn’t look for in the past.”

A Kellogg spokeswoman, Kris Charles, confirmed that retailers had asked whether the company used ingredients from China that were banned by the Food and Drug Administration, including wheat gluten and soy protein.

The company had not, Ms. Charles said, but Kellogg took the extra step of scrutinizing the ingredients that it does import from China, like vitamins, honey, cinnamon, water chestnuts and freeze-dried strawberries.

It also screened its Chinese suppliers for links to the recent pet food recall.

The discovery over the last few

Massachusetts has made strides in an effort to make sure that everyone in the state has medical coverage, PAGE 16 but hurdles remain.

Beyond Kyoto Al Gore on what a post-Kyoto international climate change treaty should look like. THE OPINION PAGES

Continued on Page 20 FOR HOME DELIVERY CALL 1-800-NYTIMES

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What We Do?

INSIDE

Hotel Log Hints at Illicit Desire That Dr. Freud Didn’t Repress

Continued on Page 16

NEWS SUMMARY

presidential race: his limited experience in national politics.

But they only hint at a complex matrix of questions swirling around his prospective candidacy: Is he simply a first-term liberal Democrat long on charisma who is enjoying a brief moment of fame? Is he, as some of his more enthusiastic fans seem to feel, the post-partisan, postracial, post-baby boom embodiment of a new brand of politics? Does he have the drive and discipline to survive a wide-open presidential campaign?

Put more bluntly: Is he for real?

“He’s so incredibly skilled, but he’s also had a lot of luck,” said Abner Mikva, a White House chief counsel

Support of Top Generals in Iraq Is Crucial to Bush’s Expected Strategy

After Air Terminal Is Struck

In today’s society, the output of modern news outlets is often dictated by a crisis-driven agenda. Consequently, the communication of positive developments within the international marketplace is presented inconsistently to the American reader. With this in mind, Summit Communications provides the necessary experience – and The New York Times the necessary audience – to make a formidable impression on a global scale.

Through extensive research and interviews with top government officials and key business leaders, Summit Communications provides both broad and in-depth coverage of worldwide current affairs. From government policies to economic analysis, to a sharp focus on issues from all corners of the globe, our goal is to influence public opinion, generate awareness and provide current, thought-provoking content for the readers of The New York Times.

By LINDA GREENHOUSE WASHINGTON, June 30 — It was the Supreme Court that conservatives had long yearned for and that liberals feared.

By the time the Roberts court ended its first full term on Thursday, the picture was clear. This was a more conservative court, sometimes muscularly so, sometimes more tentatively, its majority sometimes differing on methodology but agreeing on the outcome in cases big and small.

As a result, the court upheld a federal anti-abortion law, cut back on the free-speech rights of public school students, strictly enforced procedural requirements for bringing and appealing cases, and limited school districts’ ability to use racially conscious measures to achieve or preserve integration.

With the exception of four death penalty cases from Texas, where the state and federal courts remain to the right of the Supreme Court and produce decisions that the justices regularly overturn, the prosecution prevailed in nearly every criminal case, 14 of the 18 non-Texas cases.

Fully a third of the court’s decisions, more than in any recent term, were decided by 5-to-4 margins. Most of those, 19 of 24, were decided along ideological lines, demonstrating the court’s polarization whether on constitutional fundamentals or obscure questions of appellate procedure.

The court’s last-minute decision, announced on Friday, to hear appeals from Guantánamo detainees required votes from at least five of the nine justices.

Of the ideological cases decided this term, the conservative majority, led by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. and joined by Justices Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas and Samuel A. Alito Jr., prevailed in 13. The court’s increasingly marginalized liberals — Justices John Paul Stevens, David H. Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen G. Breyer — prevailed in only six, including the four Texas death penalty cases.

The difference depended on how Justice Anthony M. Kennedy voted.

Alistair Robertson/Press Association, via Associated Press

A vehicle burned yesterday after it hit a section of Glasgow Airport.

Officials Fear New Attacks, Tying Crash in Glasgow to Car Bombs in London

By ALAN COWELL and RAYMOND BONNER LONDON, Sunday, July 1 — Brit- attack were planned, using vehicles ish officials raised the country’s ter- and gasoline, the official said. rorism threat alert to its highest levIn the United States, the Departel on Saturday after two men ment of Homeland Security issued a slammed an S.U.V. into entrance statement from Secretary Michael doors at Glasgow Airport and turned Chertoff saying there were no plans the vehicle into a potentially lethal to raise the national threat level befireball. cause there was “no specific, credLess than 38 hours earlier the po- ible information” suggesting any lice uncovered two cars in London threat to the United States. rigged to explode with gasoline, gas But the federal government took a canisters and nails. number of steps, given the events in Early Sunday, after a day of fast- Britain and the approaching July 4 moving developments, the London holiday, to elevate security. police announced that two people had Homeland Security officials said been arrested in Cheshire, in north- they included additional bomb dewest England, “in connection with tection canine teams at airports and the events in London and Scotland.” behavior-detection squads.

The arrests were in addition to The New York City police said those of the two occupants of the they were monitoring events in Lonblazing car at Glasgow Airport. A don and Scotland and were maintainwitness to the attack said on BBC television that one of the car’s occu- ing the heightened security that bepants had been ablaze from head to gan after the discovery of the car foot, and as he struggled with the po- bombs in London.

The measures include sending offilice, “was throwing punches and shouting ‘Allah, Allah.’ ” Continued on Page 8 Britain’s threat level is now at “critical,” meaning another attack is considered imminent. The threat has not been as high since last year, after authorities discovered what they called a plot to attack trans-Atlantic airliners with liquid explosives.

A British security official, who like many other officials who disclosed information insisted on anonymity, said Saturday that the heightened Continued on Page 18 level reflected an assessment that the London and Glasgow cases were “linked in some ways and, therefore,

By BARRY BEARAK A Brown v. Board Conundrum there are clearly individuals who KABUL, Afghanistan, June 30 — The law may change, but that have the capability and intent to carThe two men had come to the comdoesn’t mean society will follow, say ry out further attacks.” legal scholars on both sides of the poThe links relate to the way the Lon- mon end of all human journeys. litical spectrum. Week in Review. don car bombs and Glasgow airport Their bodies, swathed in bloody white sheets, lay on a rocky hillside.

Awaiting them were two thin rectangles of shallow graves. The city of Kabul was responsible for the burial.

No mullah had been asked to preside over this earthly farewell.

“One of these guys needs a smaller hole,” one gravedigger said, laughing.

The bigger of the bodies belonged to an old man, Khan Mir. His body had gone unclaimed, and the obligations of an Islamic funeral were forgone because he was a pauper. The identity of the other man was unknown. He was only half a body really, a headless torso with but a right arm and a right leg. His interment was meant to be ignominious because he was a suicide bomber, or yak enteher kunenda.

“Cover them with rocks and throw on the dirt,” the chief gravedigger called out.

Bryan Terry for The New York Times In Kabul, the burial of a suicide Reggie Willits of the Angels lives in a batting cage with his family. bomber occurs at a secret time in a secret place, the forgettable end to what most here consider an unforgivable act. Of course, it is easier to bury the remains of a bomber than the fearsome consequences of the bombing. At least 193 suicide attacks have been reported in Afghanistan during the past 18 months, enough to contaminate much of the nation with

By LEE JENKINS the persisting malady of terror.

The Taliban and other insurgents ANAHEIM, Calif., June 26 — When fringe prospect who had never startAmber Willits is cooking dinner — ed a major league game. Today, he is Continued on Page 6 crack! — or putting the baby to bed 26, the leadoff hitter for the first— crack! — or trying to get a little place Los Angeles Angels, batting sleep herself — crack! — she has to .337 with 18 stolen bases and a shot at Airstrikes Kill Afghan Civilians wonder why she ever agreed to live the American League rookie of the year award. in a batting cage.

Dozens of Afghan civilians were He credits his emergence, at least killed Friday and Saturday in coali“I may have thought that a few times,” she acknowledged. “But I in part, to the cage he calls home. tion airstrikes on people suspected of While other players travel long dis- being Taliban insurgents. Page 4. never said it.”

Baseball wives are an understand- tances to workout centers in the offing breed. They endure 12-day trips season, Willits merely has to roll out NEWS SUMMARY 2 and meals at midnight, and move of bed and start taking his hacks.

Flash of Terror, Humble Grave In Afghanistan

Home in the Cage: Mom Cooks, The Baby Sleeps, and Dad Bats

their families from minor league towns like Yakima, Wash., to Pulaski, W.Va. But Amber Willits, the wife of Angels outfielder Reggie Willits, has taken hardball devotion to a new level. For the past three years, she has made a home, raised a son and helped develop a .300 hitter — all in an indoor batting cage.

“I could not have gotten here alone,” Reggie said. “I have an extremely supportive wife.”

At this time a year ago, he was a

“It’s very convenient,” said his father, Gene.

Reggie and Amber never planned to live in a cage. In 2003, they decided to build a 3,000-square-foot house on five acres they own next to his family in Fort Cobb, Okla. The batting cage happened to be the first part of the house that they built.

But when the cage was finished, Reggie and Amber saw a way to save money from his minor league salary.

Continued on Page 20

International ........................................... 3-11 Metro ....................................................... 25-28 National .................................................. 16-22 Editorial, Op-Ed ... Week in Review, 11-13 Obituaries ................. 29 TV Update ................ 28

Weather ................... 30

Job Market Listings............. Sunday Business, page 16-22 In New York City and the metropolitan region.

Updated news: nytimes.com CITY STREETS TO COUNTRY MEADOWS Give to the Fresh Air Fund. Visit www.freshair.org — ADVT.

Summit Communications is an independent agency that is solely responsible for the production of these reports. With full control over the timing and editorial content of each report, Summit Communications strives to work in cohesion with each of its clients in order to ensure that the correct and desired message is conveyed to the influential readers of The New York Times.

SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT TO THE NEW YORK TIMES

Banking: entering a new era

AN INTERVIEW WITH PM EL FASSI INSIDER VIEW

Location: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro Capital: Lorem Ipsum SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT TO THE NEW YORK TIMES

Morocco’s lucrative tourism industry

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Morocco Day, Month 00, 2007

To most Americans, the word “Morocco” probably conjures a black and white image of a man and a woman saying goodbye on a deserted airport runway, on a rainy Casablanca night. But most would not necessarily associate it

with “business” , “economic growth” and “investment opportunities”. It’s now time to brush off old clichés and take

Area - comparative: ipsum praeterea Investing Lorem in social development GDP

SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLE OF DIVERSIFICATION

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GDP - real growth rate: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro

Day, Month 00, 2007

INSIDER VIEW

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GDP - composition by sector: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio

Cabinda

Exports - commodities: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio

Capital: Lorem Ipsum Area - comparative: Lorem ipsum praeterea GDP (purchasing power parity): Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro GDP - real growth rate: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro GDP - composition by sector: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio Industries: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio faucibus etuer donec praesent porta at lacus nonummy Exports - commodities: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio faucibus etuer donec praesent Lorem ipsum: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio faucibus etuer donec praesent porta at lacus nonummy GDP - composition by sector: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio Industries: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio faucibus etuer donec praesent porta at lacus nonummy Exports - commodities: Lorem ipsum praeterea data nunc at etuer donec praesent porta odio faucibus etuer donec praesent Lorem ipsum: Lorem ipsum praeterea estium porro oculi est pos data nunc at odio fau

OUR TEAM Project management: Name and Name For further information contact: Summit Communications 1040 First Avenue, Suite 395, New York, NY 10022-2902 Tel: 1 (212) 286-0034, Fax: 1 (212) 286-8376, E-mail: info@summitreports.com

An online version is available at www.summitreports.com

The Media

distribution hub Lorem ipsum praeterea est oculi post data estelit porta congue sit amet Page 05

US- Moroccan relationships stronger than ever

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Splendida porro praeter elendida culi SPECIAL ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT TO THE NEW YORK TIMES Governor of Cabinda Fugitant vitantque tueri: sol oculi fugitant vitantque tueri: sol etiam green light to really think big. Angola’s green province is a region worth watching. and Name etiam contra splendor qacer adi c vitantque tueri: sol etiam contra si For further information lurida prae terea Splendida porro tende feriunt oculos turbantia comcontact: oculi fugitant vitantque tueri: sol posituras Prea terea splendor qui With 8% economic growth in 2006, Morocco is today reaping the benefits of its structural reforms Summit Communications etiam cumque est acer adi lurida dor qui How does the oil and gascontra of si tende feriunt oculos 1040 First Avenue, turbantia composituras Preaterea cumque est acer praeter elendida culi praeterea. Splen dida porro oculi fugi- terea Splendida porro oculi fugitant acer adi lurida prae te rea. Splendida the Caspian, Eastndor andqui cumq ue est acer adi the world by sol storm.

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a lookThe at the real modern-day Morocco, Africa’s most advanced economy and a strategic ally of the United States creation of a

America’s oldest friend ready to talk business

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Major projects and economic and fiscal reform are consolidating the nation’s positon as the gate-

way to Europe and Africa

T

Turkish technology

FAST FRIENDS, STRONG ALLIES

An African jewel in the new Angola

Where oil flows

INSIDER VIEW

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Turkey

terea Splendida porro oculi fugitant vitantque tueri: sol etiam contra si tende feriunt oculos turbantia composituras Prea terea sple ndor qui cumq ue est acer adi lurid a antque tueri: sol etiam contra si tende feriunt oculos turbantia composituras Prea terea sple ndor qui cu mq ue est acer adi lurid a praeterea. Splen dida porro oculndor qui cu mq ue est acer adi lurid a praeterea. Splendida po praeterea. Splen dida porro oculndor qui cu mq ue est acer adi lurid a prferiunt oculos turba ntia composituras Prea terea splendor Location: Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia Capital: Ankara Area - comparative: Slightly larger than Texas GDP (purchasing power parity): $640.4 billion (2006 est.)

GDP - real growth rate: 6.1% (2006 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: Agriculture: 11.2% Industry: 29.4% Services: 59.4% (2006 est.)

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Dr. Abdulla Gul, President of Turkey

‘A strong Turkey will overcome hurdles to EU’

Industries: Textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining, steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

Coming into its own

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A hard-earned peace S

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lurida prae te rea. Splendida porro oculi fugitantrida praeterea. Splen dida porro oculi fugitant vitantque tueri: sol etiam contra si tende feriunt oculos turbantia composituras Preat erea splendor qui cumque est acer adi lurida prae te rea. Splendida porro oculi fugitant vitantque tueri: sol etiam c vitantque tueri: sol etiam contra si tende feriunt oculos turbantia composituras Prea terea splendor qui cumque est acer adi lurida dor qui cumque est acer praeter elendida culi Fugitant vitantque tueri: sol etiam contra splendor qacer adi lurida prae terea Splendida porro oculi fugitant vitantque tueri: sol etiam contra si tende feriunt oculos turbantia composituras Preaterea sple ndor qui cumq ue est acer adi lurid a antque tueri: sol etiam conContinues on page 2

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www.thy.com THIS ADVERTISING SUPPLEMENT IS PRODUCED BY SUMMIT COMMUNICATIONS AND DID NOT INVOLVE THE REPORTING OR EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE NEW YORK TIMES

For over 150 years, The New York Times has provided the political and economic leaders of America with the USA’s most extensive and respected coverage of current affairs. With over 37 international bureaus 1,200 correspondents, and 94 Pulitzer Prize winners, The New York Times’ consistency and distinguished reputation has ensured a dedicated and loyal following of over 3.8 million readers daily. Today, The New York Times leads the industry as the most trusted and influential news and information source in the United States.

As the flagship newspaper of The New York Times Company, The New York Times reaches a higher percentage of professional readers than many other American business media. Internationale Medienhilfe’s poll of 1,000 high-ranking international businessmen, politicians and public opinion makers named The New York Times as one of the world’s top two newspapers.

A recent survey of American newspaper editors conducted by the Columbia Journalism Review cited The New York Times as the most respected newspaper in the nation.

SOURCE: MRI Fall 2007

Late Edition New York: Today, a chance of snow arriving late, high 38. Tonight, snow, mixed with sleet, low 29. Tomorrow, snow ends early, high 36. Yesterday, high 42, low 20. Details, Page 18.

VOL. CLVI . No. 53,866

NEW YORK, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2007

Copyright © 2007 The New York Times

$3.50

IRAQ REBEL CLERIC REINS IN MILITIA; MOTIVES AT ISSUE

CHRISTIAN RIGHT LABORS TO FIND AN ’08 CANDIDATE

PRESSED ON MANY FRONTS

CONSERVATIVE DISCONTENT

Shiite Leader Seems to Be Cooperating With U.S., at Least for Present

Doubts Are Raised on Top Republican Hopefuls — Recruits Sought

By DAMIEN CAVE

By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK

BAGHDAD, Feb. 24 — Moktada alSadr, the radical Shiite cleric and founder of the Mahdi Army militia, discovered recently that two of his commanders had created DVDs of their men killing Sunnis in Baghdad.

Documents suggested that they had received money from Iran.

So he suspended them and stripped them of power, said two Mahdi leaders in Sadr City, the heart of Mr. Sadr’s support here in the capital.

But did he do so as part of his cooperation with the new security plan for Baghdad, which aims to quell the sectarian violence tormenting the city? Because his men had been disloyal, taking orders from Iran, whose support he values but whose control he fights? Or was it just for show — the act of an image-conscious leader who grasped the risk of graphic videos and wanted to stave off direct American action against him?

Mr. Sadr has been the great destabilizer in Iraq since 2003, wielding power on the streets and in the ruling Shiite bloc, thwarting the Americans and playing out at least a temporary alliance with Iran.

With the new security plan for Iraq under way, every question about Mr. Sadr’s motives touches on a different facet of Iraq’s complicated struggle.

He now finds himself under pressure from several sources. One is his popular Shiite base, which demands protection from devastating Sunni attacks. Another is Iran, with which he has had long but difficult ties.

Then there are renegade factions of his own militia that resent his move into the political mainstream.

Finally, the Americans, who have accused Iran of supplying Shiite militias, including Mr. Sadr’s, with an es-

WASHINGTON, Feb. 24 — A group of influential Christian conservatives and their allies emerged from a private meeting at a Florida resort this month dissatisfied with the Republican presidential field and uncertain where to turn.

The event was a meeting of the Council for National Policy, a secretive club whose few hundred members include Dr. James C. Dobson of Focus on the Family, the Rev. Jerry Falwell of Liberty University and Grover Norquist of Americans for Tax Reform. Although little known outside the conservative movement, the council has become a pivotal stop for Republican presidential primary hopefuls, including George W. Bush on the eve of his 1999 primary campaign.

But in a stark shift from the group’s influence under President Bush, the group risks relegation to the margins. Many of the conservatives who attended the event, held at the beginning of the month at the Ritz-Carlton on Amelia Island, Fla., said they were dismayed at the absence of a champion to carry their banner in the next election.

Many conservatives have already declared their hostility to Senator John McCain of Arizona, despite his efforts to make amends for having once denounced Christian conservative leaders as “agents of intolerance,” and to former Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani of New York, because of his liberal views on abortion and gay rights and his three marriages.

Many were also suspicious of former Gov. Mitt Romney of Massachusetts; members have used the council as a conduit to distribute a dossier prepared by a Massachusetts conservative group about liberal elements of his record on abortion, stem cell research and gay rights. (Mr. Romney has worked to convince conservatives that his views have changed.)

And some members of the council have raised doubts about lesser known candidates — Gov. Mike Huckabee of Arkansas and Representative Duncan Hunter of California, who were invited to Amelia Island to address an elite audience of about 60 of its members, and Senator Sam Brownback of Kansas, who spoke to the full council at its previous meeting, in October in Grand Rapids, Mich.

Although each of the three had supporters, many conservatives expressed concerns about whether any of the candidates could unify their

Lives Touched by War Petty Officer Third Class Dustin E. Kirby, right and above, and Marine Lance Cpl. Colin Smith were thrown together on a battlefield in Iraq’s Anbar Province. Lance Corporal Smith was shot through the helmet and skull by a sniper in late October and Petty Officer Kirby, a Navy corpsman, worked feverishly to save him. On Christmas, Petty Officer Kirby was also shot through the head by a sniper.

Petty Officer Kirby, 23, is back home in Georgia with his wife, Lauren, and is progressing steadily toward recovery. Lance Corporal Smith, 19, below with his mother, Melissa, is undergoing intenBy C. J. CHIVERS, PAGE 16 sive therapy in Minneapolis.

Continued on Page 4

Truck Bomb in Iraq Kills 36 A truck bomb detonated beside a Sunni mosque and market near Falluja, killing 36 people. Page 6.

Utility to Limit New Coal Plants In Big Buyout

By FELICITY BARRINGER and ANDREW ROSS SORKIN Under a proposed $45 billion buyout by a team of private equity firms, the TXU Corporation, a Texas utility that has long been the bane of environmental groups, will abandon plans to build 8 of 11 coal plants and commit to a broad menu of environmental measures, according to people involved in the negotiations.

The roster of commitments came through an unusual process in which the equity firms asked two prominent environmental groups what measures could be taken to win their support. The result is an about-face from the company’s earlier approach to climate-change issues, and includes a goal of returning the carbon-dioxide emissions by TXU to 1990 levels by 2020.

Environmental groups said yesterday that they had never known of a financial deal with such an ambitious built-in environmental component.

Two private equity firms, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Company and the Texas Pacific Group, have proposed to buy TXU in what would become the largest leveraged buyout ever.

The transaction will be put to the TXU board for a vote on Sunday.

People involved in the negotiations said that Goldman Sachs, an adviser and lender to the buyers, helped broker peace with environmental groups and sought their support for the transaction. Goldman Sachs has been one of the most aggressive firms on Wall Street about taking action on climate change; the company sends its bankers home at night in hybrid limousines.

For the investor groups, the effort Continued on Page 20 FOR HOME DELIVERY CALL 1-800-NYTIMES

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Photographs by Todd Heisler/The New York Times, top and bottom; Joao Silva for The New York Times

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In the Stent Era, Heart Bypasses Get a New Look

By BARNABY J. FEDER After more than a decade-long decline, is heart bypass surgery poised for a comeback?

Some doctors say it may be time to give bypass operations a second look.

They include even some cardiologists who specialize in the far more popular alternative — using stents to keep coronary arteries open.

No one is predicting a sudden surge back to bypass, which is still a far more invasive and initially riskier way to treat plaque-clogged heart arteries, a condition that afflicts millions of Americans.

But in light of new safety concerns over the long-term risks of stents, as well as accumulating data indicating that the sickest heart patients may live longer if they receive bypass surgery instead, some well-known stent specialists say the pendulum may have swung too far away from bypass surgery.

“We as cardiologists have probably pressed forward on stent technology a little faster than we should have,” said Dr. Kirk Garratt, the director of research into stents and related heart therapies at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, one of the nation’s leading stenting centers.

It is a remarkable acknowledgment, considering the medical and financial stakes in play. In the last Continued on Page 20

INSIDE Praise for U.S. Attorneys Dismissed by Justice Dept.

Rivals on Legal Tightrope Seek To Expand Freedoms in China

Venezuela a Top Arms Buyer Venezuelan arms spending has exceeded $4 billion in the past two years, putting the nation ahead of major buyers like Pakistan and Iran.

Venezuela says the fighter jets, attack helicopters and Kalashnikovs are to counter potential aggression PAGE 3 from the United States.

Internal Justice Department performance reports for six of the eight U.S. attorneys dismissed in recent months rated them “well regarded” or “very competent.” The evaluations, which were not made public before, raise questions about why the prosecutors were let go.

PAGE 19

By JOSEPH KAHN BEIJING — Li Jinsong and Li Jianqiang are Chinese trial lawyers who take on difficult political cases, tangle with the police and seek solace in the same religion, Christianity.

But like many who devote themselves to expanding freedoms and the rule of law in China, the two spend as much time clashing over tactics and principles as they do challenging the ruling Communist Party.

The two Mr. Lis are part of a momentous struggle over the rule of law in China. Young, well educated and idealistic, they and other members of the so-called weiquan, or rights defense, movement, aim to use the laws and courts that the Communist Party has put in place as part of its modernization drive to constrain the party’s power.

The informal network of rights defenders may be the only visible force for political openness and change in

T: Women’s Fashion

A Sorority Showdown

The New York Times Style Magazine details the trends for spring, from a new fascination with the future to graphic prints and ethnic influences.

Also: Cathy Horyn goes behind the scenes at Yves Saint Laurent.

Twenty-three women were asked to leave Delta Zeta sorority at DePauw University, including every member who was overweight or nonwhite. Others left in protest. PAGE 17

Review of Judge’s Cases In an unusual move, a federal appeals court is recommending that an appeals board review immigration cases involving a New York judge whose asylum hearings have been criticized.

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Finance Chief for Citigroup Citigroup is expected to name a top officer of American Express as its new chief financial officer in a move aimed at ending weeks of top management turmoil.

PAGE 27

NEWS SUMMARY

Opinion: Death by Pregnancy

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International ........................................... 3-12 Metro ....................................................... 23-27 National .................................................. 14-21 Editorial, Op-Ed ... Week in Review, 13-15

Nicholas D. Kristof, from Ethiopia, on what happens when the U.S. cuts aid to women in the developing WEEK IN REVIEW, PAGE 15 world.

Obituaries ................. 28 TV Update ................ 26

All Access, No Insight

Weather ................... 18

Job Market Listings............. Sunday Business, page 17-25 In New York City and the metropolitan region.

The Carpetbagger looks back on his humbling Oscar season on the edge of celebrity.

ARTS & LEISURE

Andrew Hancock for The New York Times

RULE BY LAW

A Shared Vision of Justice China at a time when the surging economy and the country’s rapidly expanding global influence have otherwise strengthened party leaders.

The authorities have refrained from suppressing it entirely, at least partly because it operates carefully within the law and uses China’s judicial system, as well as the news media, to advance its aims.

Yet nearly 18 years after the June 4, 1989, crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in Beijing, China quickly crushes any organized opposition.

Rights defenders face the delicate task of coordinating their actions and expanding their collective influence when they remain autonomous, rudderless and, very often, rivalrous.

The two Mr. Lis have feuded about how to handle big court cases. When they met the Bush administration’s China specialists in the White House last November, they argued about whether top leaders like President Hu Jintao were basically benevolent.

A joint interview on Radio Free Asia devolved into a shouting match over whether rights defenders could work with party leaders or should actively oppose them.

As their confrontation grew, Li Jianqiang, the more combative of the two, wrote a manifesto that called China a “super jail” and described its leaders as “ruthless dictators.” He

Updated news: nytimes.com

Continued on Page 12

Late Edition New York: Today, partly sunny, a shower, high 82. Tonight, cloudy, low 69. Tomorrow, few clouds, much warmer, high 89. Yesterday, high 74, low 56. Weather map is on Page 20.

VOL. CLVI . No. 53,985

Copyright © 2007 The New York Times

Iran Cracks Down on Dissent, Parading Examples in Streets

By NEIL MacFARQUHAR ed Islamic morals by deliberately shaking hands with an unfamiliar woman after he gave a speech in Rome.

Mr. Khatami, the lost hope of Iran’s reform movement, felt compelled to rebut the accusation because such a handshake is religiously suspect, but contended that the crowd seeking to congratulate him for his speech was so tumultuous that he could not distinguish between the hands of men and women. Naturally a video clip emerged, showing the cleric in his typical gregarious style bounding over to the first woman who addressed him on the orderly sidewalk, shaking her hand and chatting amicably.

The dispute over the handshake occurred during a particularly fierce round of the factional fighting that has hamstrung the country since the 1979 revolution. Far more harsh examples abound.

Young men wearing T-shirts deemed too tight or haircuts seen as too Western have been paraded bleeding through Tehran’s streets by uniformed police officers who force them to suck on plastic jerrycans, a toilet item Iranians use to wash their bottoms. In case anyone misses the point, it is the official news agency Fars distributing the pictures of what it calls “riffraff.” Far bloodier photographs are circulating on blogs and on the Internet.

The country’s police chief boasted

Iran is in the throes of one of its most ferocious crackdowns on dissent in years, with the government focusing on labor leaders, universities, the press, women’s rights advocates, a former nuclear negotiator and Iranian-Americans, three of whom have been in prison for more than six weeks.

The shift is occurring against the backdrop of an economy so stressed that although Iran is the world’s second-largest oil exporter, it is on the verge of rationing gasoline. At the same time, the nuclear standoff with the West threatens to bring new sanctions.

The hard-line administration of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, analysts say, faces rising pressure for failing to deliver on promises of greater prosperity from soaring oil revenue. It has been using American support for a change in government as well as a possible military attack as a pretext to hound his opposition and its sympathizers.

Some analysts describe it as a “cultural revolution,” an attempt to roll back the clock to the time of the 1979 revolution, when the newly formed Islamic Republic combined religious zeal and anti-imperialist rhetoric to try to assert itself as a regional leader.

Equally noteworthy is how little has been permitted to be discussed in the Iranian news media. Instead, attention has been strategically focused on Mr. Ahmadinejad’s political enemies, like the former president, Mohammad Khatami, and the controversy over whether he violat-

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Texas Town, Now Divided, Forged Bush’s Firm Stand on Immigration

By JIM RUTENBERG

George Bush Presidential Library via Associated Press

George W. Bush visiting the oil fields in Midland, Tex., during his campaign for Congress in 1978.

A Fairway View, But the Window Is Often Broken

By BILL PENNINGTON When she moved into her retirement condominium on a golf course, Eleanor Weiner admired the lush, pristine views of the fairways and greens, a landscape she never had to mow or maintain. Not long after, as she prepared dinner, a golf ball shattered the kitchen window, whistled past her head and crashed through the glass on her oven door. Ms. Weiner retrieved the ball from her oven and stalked outside to confront the golfer who had launched the missile.

“He told me that’s what I get for living on a golf course,” said Ms. Weiner, who has lived for a dozen years alongside Rancho Las Palmas Country Club near Palm Springs, Calif.

“That was the first time I heard that, but it surely hasn’t been the last.”

The intersection of errant golf shots and private property is not a new phenomenon. But with new gear that enables average golfers to hit a ball 250 yards, and with golf communities sprouting nationwide — 70 percent of new courses include housing — it is becoming an increasingly prominent problem. Most homes built near this country’s 16,000 golf courses may not be in the cross hairs of slicing duffers, but thousands are.

“It’s not only an ongoing problem, it’s been made worse by technologically advanced golf equipment that makes golf balls go farther — and farther sideways,” said David Mulvihill, a managing director at the Urban Land Institute, who has studied golf course development.

“So homes that have been on a golf Continued on Page 17

MIDLAND, Tex. — Late last spring, Republicans in this West Texas oil town called for a boycott of Doña Anita’s Mexican restaurant, a retaliatory step against its owner, Luz Reyes, for closing shop and showing up at a rally against proposed new penalties for illegal immigrants.

But President Bush’s three best friends here defied the boycott and went to the restaurant, Mr. Bush’s favorite when he lived here, regardless. One of them, the president’s close confidant and former commerce secretary, Donald L. Evans, told Ms. Reyes: “Luz, you didn’t do anything wrong. We love you.”

The hometown divide helps to shed light on a broader rift, as Mr. Bush and like-minded Republicans engage in an unusually contentious fight with the rest of their party in the national debate over immigration.

Mr. Bush has pursued a goal of providing citizenship for the millions of illegal immigrants with rare attacks on his conservative supporters, who have derided his approach as tantamount to amnesty. There are various political motivations for Mr. Bush to push for his plan, including the rapid growth in the nation’s Hispanic population, a voting group that he has long considered to be potentially Republican.

But the roots of Mr. Bush’s passion lie here in Midland, now heavily Hispanic, the city where Mr. Bush spent much of his childhood and to which he returned as a young adult after spending his high school and college years in the more genteel settings of Andover and Yale.

As a boy, and later as a young, hard-drinking oilman, his friends say, Mr. Bush developed a particular empathy for the new Mexican immigrants who worked hard on farms, in oil fields and in people’s homes and went on to raise children who built businesses and raised families of Continued on Page 22

NEW YORK, SUNDAY, JUNE 24, 2007

In a World on the Move, a Tiny Land Strains to Cope

A New Propaganda Offensive

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Stenio da Luz dos Reis, 17, lives in Cape Verde but longs to join his mother in the Netherlands. She left six years ago for a job there.

By JASON DePARLE MINDELO, Cape Verde — Virtually every aspect of global migration can be seen in this tiny West African nation, where the number of people who have left approaches the number who remain and almost everyone has a close relative in Europe or America.

Migrant money buoys the economy. Migrant votes sway politics. Migrant departures split parents from children, and the most famous song by the most famous Cape Verdean venerates the national emotion, “Sodade,” or longing. Lofty talk of opportunity abroad mixes at cafe tables here with accounts of false documents and sham marriages.

The intensity of the national experience makes this barren archipelago the Galapagos of migration, a microcosm of the forces straining American politics and remaking societies across the globe.

An estimated 200 million people live outside the country of their birth, and they help support a swath of the developing world as big if not bigger. Migrants sent home about

BORDER CROSSINGS

The View From Cape Verde MOROCCO

CANARY ISLANDS

ALGERIA

WESTERN SAHARA

CAPE VERDE Mindelo

MAURITANIA

Praia

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$300 billion last year — nearly three times the world’s foreign aid budgets combined. Those sums are building houses, educating children and seeding small businesses, and they have made migration central to discussions about how to help the global poor. A leading academic text calls this the “Age of Migration.”

But it is also the age of migration alarm, as European ships patrol African coasts to intercept human smugglers and new fences are planned along the Rio Grande. Countries that want migrant muscle and brains also want more border control. Many of them see illegal migrants as a security threat, especially in a terrorist age, and worry that large-scale migration, even when legal, can undercut wages, require costly services and subject national identities to bonfires of religious and cultural conflict.

The stakes can be seen here in Mindelo, a semicircle of barren hillsides that gaze out at the only sign of natural life, a beckoning sea.

In a country with little rain and a history of famine, migration began as a necessity and became part of the civic DNA. You can dine at Café Portugal, drink at the Argentina bar and stroll Avenida da Holanda.

Yet Holland — the Netherlands — now requires would-be migrants to pass a test on Dutch language and culture. Other countries Continued on Page 14

The High School Kinship of Cristal and Queen General’s Report

By SARA RIMER The Dominican boys in the back of the freshman English class at the high school in Washington Heights were making fun of the timid African-American girl, Queen Bond. One of the boys got down on one knee in front of her as if he were Romeo — they had been studying “Romeo and

son is standing up to these guys who are up to the ceiling,” Queen said.

“She’s screaming, getting angry, waving her arms. She stood up, she defended me. No one ever stood up for me in that way.

“I’m, like, ‘Wow, this girl is the most beautiful person.’ ” For four years now, Queen and Cristal have been a team: two teenage girls who are striving to make something of themselves in the face of tremendous adversity.

They graduated together yesterday from the High School of International Business and Finance, a duo who beat the odds in a school system where despite improvements, only 50 percent of high school students graduated on time last June, according to state statistics.

Cristal, who is 18, is the first person in her family to earn a high school diploma. Queen is the first of seven children — she has two older brothers — to graduate.

How they did it is a story of two outsiders who found each other in one of the small schools the city has turned to in an attempt to break up large high schools that, with graduation rates of 25 to 40 percent, became known as factories of failure.

Queen and Cristal’s school, with roughly 700 students, is one of four

Juliet” — and delivered the final crushing insult.

“He was saying something about that I smelled,” recalled Queen, now 17. “I just put my head down. I started crying.”

Then something remarkable happened, she said: “Cristal stood up.”

Cool, streetwise, 4-foot-11-inch Cristal Pimentel.

“This short, like, two-foot-tall per-

Ruby Washington/The New York Times

Cristal Pimentel and Queen Bond worked as a team to graduate from the High School of International Business and Finance in Manhattan.

Continued on Page 18

Back in Their Own Shoes

Sri Lanka Faulted on Killings

A Look at Mrs. Astor’s Will

Since reacquiring their shoe company, the Florsheim family has givSUNDAY BUSINESS en it new life.

Critics of the official investigation of the August 2003 massacre of 17 aid workers in the town of Mutur, Sri Lanka, point to delays in introducing findings and to inconsistencies in ballistics evidence that they say could implicate government soldiers in the killings.

PAGE 4

The will of Brooke Astor, at the center of a legal battle over her care and her fortune, reflects the devotion of Mrs. Astor, now 105, both to her family and to the many civic interests that have helped make her an enduring New York figure for decades.

PAGE 25

News Summary

2

International ........................................... 3-14 Metro ....................................................... 25-29 National .................................................. 16-22 Editorial, Op-Ed ... Week in Review, 13-15

How an independent candidate could anoint a president in a close WEEK IN REVIEW general election.

By any measure, the “surge” in Iraq is failing, according to Frank Rich. What will the Bush administration do now?

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INSIDE Odd Man In? Bloomberg As Mayor and ’08 Kingmaker New Yorkers may have become accustomed to the eccentricities of Michael R. Bloomberg, the billionaire information mogul who took an unorthodox path to the mayor’s office. But as he has thrust himself ever more fully into national politics, even Mr Bloomberg has questioned whether the rest of the country is ready for him.

PAGE 19

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Jeffrey Smith

Internet Armageddon The predictions are increasingly ominous, but just how bad could a cyberwar really be? WEEK IN REVIEW

Obituaries ................. 23 TV Update ................ 29

On Iraq Progress Has Competition

By DAVID E. SANGER and THOM SHANKER WASHINGTON, June 23 — Last month, Congress set a deadline for the American commander in Iraq, declaring that by Sept. 15 he would have to assess progress there before billions more dollars are approved to finance the military effort to stabilize the country. The commander, Gen. David H. Petraeus, said in recent days that his report would be only a snapshot of trends, strongly suggesting he will be asking for more time.

But even before he composes the first sentences of the report, to be written with the new American ambassador in Baghdad, Ryan C. Crocker, the administration is commissioning other assessments that could dilute its findings about the impact of the current troop increase. The intent appears to be to give President Bush, who publicly puts great emphasis on listening to his field commanders, a wide range of options.

The assessments are likely to conclude that the Iraqi government has failed to use the troop increase for the purpose the president intended, to strike the political accommodations that he said would stabilize the country. That and other views expected in the various reports could also provide some rationale for beginning a reduction of troops in Iraq under conditions far short of the “victory” Mr. Bush, for the past four years, has said was his ultimate goal.

He has used that word with far less frequency recently.

American intelligence agencies, according to senior administration and intelligence officials, are already preparing to submit their own assessment of Iraq’s progress. That is expected to include a judgment about whether Prime Minister Nuri

CNN Gets Hilton Interview

Weather ................... 20

After talks with ABC and NBC fell through, Paris Hilton has decided to give her first post-jail interview, without payment, to CNN’s Larry King on Wednesday night, a spokeswoman for the show said.

PAGE 22

Job Market Listings............. Sunday Business, page 21-29 In New York City and the metropolitan region.

Updated news: nytimes.com

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DEPRESSES PRICES

Thompson Agonized on Bill Clinton Trial 30% PLUNGE SINCE MAY

Russia’s Proxy Is a Fearsome Midwife In the Revival of the Chechen Capital

By JO BECKER

Then and now: Grozny, Chechnya’s capital, in 1995, right, and 2007, below.

From a political standpoint, it should have been an easy decision. The calls flooding Fred D. Thompson’s Senate office in the winter of 1999 showed that his Tennessee constituents overwhelmingly favored removing President Bill Clinton from office. But as the historic impeachment trial neared, records show, Mr. Thompson agonized over what he saw as two “bad choices.”

Years before, as Republican counsel to the Senate Watergate committee, Mr. Thompson had witnessed the proceedings that led to President Richard M. Nixon’s resignation. Now, he pored over legal tomes on precedent.

He ordered up lengthy staff memorandums on what the founding fathers intended when they said a president could be re-

By C. J. CHIVERS

Fighting has been sporadic and small in scale for a second year. A large rebel offensive did not materialize this summer, as the separatists had predicted. Buoyed by a sustained lull in fighting and flush with cash, Mr. Kadyrov’s government has rebuilt most of its capital and outlying areas.

Like Stalingrad after World War II, Grozny, the Chechen capital, has reappeared from the rubble. It has done so more swiftly than European cities revived by the Marshall Plan.

As recently as early 2006, Grozny was less a city than rows of shattered buildings overlooking cesspools. It now has electricity alContinued on Page 6

Weary Soldiers From the Deepest Depths, a Moment for the Mets In the 45 previous loopy seaReady for Rest, sons of the Mets, nothing had ever happened like the sheer But Not at Ease mood swings yesterday. StrugBy DAMIEN CAVE

MAHMUDIYA, Iraq — On bases big and small south of Baghdad, the scrambled reality of war has become routine: an unending loop of anxious driving in armored Humvees, gallons of Gatorade, laughter at the absurd and 4 a.m. raids into intimate Iraqi bedrooms.

This is Iraq for the 3,300 soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division’s Second Brigade, and many have come to the unfortunate realization that it now feels more like home than home.

No brigade in the Army has spent more days deployed since Sept. 11, 2001, and with only a few weeks to go before ending their 15-month tour, the soldiers here are eager to go. But they are also nervous about what their minds will carry back, given the psychic toll of war day after day and the prospect of additional tours.

Heartache can be heard in the quiet voice of Specialist Gerald Barranco-Oro, who at 22 is on his second tour of Iraq and will leave for home without two close friends who were killed May 19.

There are other losses, too: for fathers like Staff Sgt. Kirk Ray, 25, whose 2-year-old daughter screams when he calls because “she doesn’t know who I am”; and for those who must detach to keep going, like Specialist Jesse Herb, 20, who casually mentioned recently that the ceiling above his bed was dented with the bone fragments of a lieutenant who Continued on Page 12 2

NEWS SUMMARY

International ................................... 3-14 Metro .............................................. 33-37 National .......................................... 16-27 Editorial and Op-Ed appear in Week in Review, Pages 11-13.

Obituaries ............ 30-31 TV Update ................ 38

Weather ......... 28

Job Market Listings..... Sunday Business, page 17-25 In New York City and the metropolitan region.

Updated news: nytimes.com

gling to stay alive after a ghastly two weeks, they had the double exhilaration of a near no-hitter by John Maine and a glut of SPORTS OF THE TIMES runs in a 13-0 victory against the Florida Marlins.

The Mets could have used some of this surplus during the recent horrors — the worst days in the history of the franchise, if you think about it. They had squandered a seven-game lead with 17 to go, and sometimes could not hit and usually could not pitch.

After the game, the Mets all said they were going out to dinner with their families. Nobody would own up to a sideways peek at a laptop or a television set to track the Phillies-Nationals game later in the afternoon. Therefore, this may come as news to them as they report to work this morning: For all their errors and home run pitches of the last two weeks, the Mets enter the last day of the season in a dead heat with the Phillies, who lost, 4-2.

“It’s bizarre,” Manager Willie Randolph said after his own

GEORGE VECSEY

Continued on Page 24

Continued on Page 26

Big Coffers and a Rising Voice Lift a New Conservative Group JOHN DUNN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Mets starter John Maine did not allow a hit for seven and twothirds innings. The Mets finished the day in a tie for first place. game was over. “The whole second half of the season is bizarre.

You can’t figure it out.”

Here’s what we know: If the Mets win today and the Phillies lose, the Mets will win the National League East. If both teams win or both teams lose, they will play a one-game playoff for the division title tomorrow in Philadelphia. The Mets are also still in contention for the N.L. wild card after the San Diego Padres failed to clinch it yesterday.

In the erratic feast-or-famine

tradition of this team, the Mets had it all yesterday, mostly from Maine, a lanky 25-year-old righthander who pitched the game of his life. Maine struck out 14 and allowed only a few solid outs until Paul Hoover, a substitute with eight career hits, dribbled a single 30 feet up the third-base line with two outs in the eighth inning.

Oh, yes, there was also a bench-clearing rumble after the Continued on Page 18

By DON VAN NATTA Jr.

Freedom’s Watch, a deep-pocketed conservative group led by two former senior White House officials, made an audacious debut in late August when it began a $15 million advertising campaign designed to maintain Congressional support for President Bush’s troop increase in Iraq.

Founded this summer by a dozen wealthy conservatives, the nonprofit group is set apart from most advocacy groups by the immense wealth of its core group of benefactors, its intention to far outspend its rivals and its ambition to pursue a wide-ranging agenda. Its next target: Iran pol-

INSIDE Ukrainian Prime Minister Reinvents Himself

New Chess Champion

Hard to Avoid Foreclosure

On the eve of parliamentary elections, Prime Minister Viktor F. Yanukovich, once reviled, is arguably Ukraine’s most popular politician, a transformation helped by an American political strategist.

PAGE 8

In Mexico City, Viswanathan Anand of India took over the world championship from Vladimir Kramnik of Russia.

PAGE 37

Countrywide Financial faces scrutiny over its process to help distressed homeowners avoid foreclosure.

SUNDAY BUSINESS

College From All Angles

The Great Outdoors

The getting in, the going, the memories: a look at the college experience from every angle of the quad.

MAGAZINE

Why New Yorkers love sidewalk cafes, despite some not-so delicious sights, sounds and smells.

WEEK IN REVIEW

Iran’s Gays Keep Low Profile Although its president denies that homosexuality exists in Iran, gays there insist that they are nuPAGE 11 merous, if quiet.

Making the Military Sweat Why the monks in Myanmar can grant, or deny, legitimacy to a government.

WEEK IN REVIEW TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES

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Beware the Bloviation

Springsteen on Pop and Politics

Frank Rich on the problem with Hillary Clinton’s perfect OPINION PAGES campaign.

On the eve of a North American and European tour, Bruce Springsteen speaks with A. O. Scott about his reinfatuation with pop and why he timed his new album to the presidential election.

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moved for “high crimes and misdemeanors,” scribbling his thoughts on a yellow legal pad.

Did the president’s cover-up of an affair with a White House intern justify deposing him “against the will of the people,” Mr. Thompson wondered, or should Mr. Clinton be protected by the very “baseness of his actions?” “His office is too high + the crimes too low,” he mused.

Yet would an acquittal not “haunt us in the future,” setting the bar so high that even a “serial perjurer” could not be removed from office so long as his conduct was “to cover up personal wrongdoing?”

“Worse of both worlds,” he scrawled on a scrap of paper.

“Will be easier if you vote guilty.”

Today Mr. Thompson is campaigning for president, selling himself as the most devoted conservative in the Republican field, a leader whose vision was shaped by the Republican revolution of 1994.

But his approach to the impeachment case — and his ultimate decision to part with the Republican majority by voting to acquit Mr. Clinton on one of two impeachment counts — underscores the concerns now being raised by many conservative

THE LONG RUN

Islamic insurgency against Russia, lounge in cafes, assault rifles idled beside them.

Three years after a wave of guerrilla and terrorist attacks caused many analysts to say that Russia’s war against Chechen separatists could not be won, the republic has fallen almost fully under the control of the Kremlin and its indigenous proxies, led by Ramzan A. Kadyrov, the Chechen president.

Mr. Kadyrov’s human rights record is chilling, and allegations of his government’s patterns of brutality and impunity are widespread. Yet even his most severe critics say he has developed significant popular support, in part because of the clear changes that have accompanied his firm and fearsome rule.

Production Expands but Distribution Lags — Blow to Farmers

NEVADA, Iowa, Sept. 24 — The ethanol boom of recent years — which spurred a frenzy of distillery construction, record corn prices, rising food prices and hopes of a new future for rural America — may be fading.

Only last year, farmers here spoke of a biofuel gold rush, and they rejoiced as prices for ethanol and the corn used to produce it set records.

But companies and farm cooperatives have built so many distilleries so quickly that the ethanol market is suddenly plagued by a glut, in part because the means to distribute it have not kept pace. The average national ethanol price on the spot market has plunged 30 percent since May, with the decline escalating sharply in the last few weeks.

“The end of the ethanol boom is possibly in sight and may already be here,” said Neil E. Harl, an economics professor emeritus at Iowa State University who lectures on ethanol and is a consultant for producers. “This is a dangerous time for people who are making investments.”

While generous government support is expected to keep the output of ethanol fuel growing, the poorly planned overexpansion of the industry raises questions about its ability to fulfill the hopes of President Bush and other policy makers to serve as a serious antidote to the nation’s heavy reliance on foreign oil.

And if the bust becomes worse, candidates for president could be put on the spot to pledge even more federal support for the industry, particularly here in Iowa, whose caucus in January is the first contest in the presidential nominating process.

Many industry experts say the worst problems are temporary and have been intensified by transportation bottlenecks in getting ethanol from the heartland to the coasts, where it is needed most. And even if some farmers who invested in the plants lose money, most of them are reaping a separate bounty from higher

Thompson in Congress

SHAKH AIVAZOV/ASSOCIATED PRESS, TOP; KAZBEK VAKHAYEV/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY, ABOVE.

GROZNY, Russia — In the evenings, unexpected sights appear in this city, which less than two years ago seemed beyond saving and repair.

Women stroll on sidewalks that did not exist last year. Teenagers cluster under newly installed street lights, chatting on cellphones.

At a street corner, young men gather to race cars on a freshly paved road — a scene, considering that this is the capital of Chechnya, that feels out of place and from another time.

Throughout the city, local officials, most of them former rebels who waged a nationalist

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G.O.P. Hopeful ETHANOL’S BOOM Took Own Path STALLING AS GLUT In the Senate

Under an Iron Hand, A Rebirth of a Republic

icy.

Next month, Freedom’s Watch will sponsor a private forum of 20 experts on radical Islam that is expected to make the case that Iran poses a direct threat to the security of the United States, according to several benefactors of the group.

Although the group declined to identify the experts, several were invited from the American Enterprise Institute, a Washington research group with close ties to the White House. Some institute scholars have advocated a more confrontational policy to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, including keeping military action as an option.

Last week, a Freedom’s Watch newspaper advertisement called President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran “a terrorist.” The group is considering a national advertising campaign focused on Iran, a senior benefactor said, though Matt S. David, a spokesman for the group, declined to comment on those plans.

“If Hitler’s warnings were heeded when he wrote ‘Mein Kampf,’ he could have been stopped,” said Bradley Blakeman, 49, the president of Freedom’s Watch and a former deputy assistant to Mr. Bush. “Ahmadinejad is giving all the same kind of warning signs to us, and the region — he wants the destruction of the United States and the destruction of Israel.”

With a forceful message and a roster of wealthy benefactors, Freedom’s Watch has quickly emerged from the crowded field of nonprofit advocacy groups as a conservative answer to the nineyear-old liberal MoveOn.org, Continued on Page 30

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