FLUID POWER HANDBOOK
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WWW.MOBILEHYDRAULICTIPS.COM
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HYDRAULIC
POWER UNITS
NEARLY
every single hydraulic system shares one thing in common — they’re run by a hydraulic power unit. Although some units are multitaskers, like the engine on a tractor, most often they’re purpose built for the single task of converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The scope of a power unit ranges from fractional horsepower electric units to monstrous constructions in the hundreds of horsepower.
The power unit exists to supply the machine with hydraulic energy in the form of pressure and flow, without which you have idle components. You must first calculate the pressure and flow required by the actuators in the systems. You may calculate this step more than once as you balance performance with economy, as very few machinery OEMs have no limits, financial or otherwise. 34
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After you arrive at your pressure and flow requirements, you specify the pump type and size. Pump cost and complexity are vast but this dictates the level of performance you can expect to achieve with your actuators. The type of pump used correlates with the direction you must take with reservoir design, filtration and complexity of pumping. A gear pump, for example, requires only suction and pressure lines. A load sensing piston pump, conversely, will add to that a case drain line and one or more hookups for the load sense network. The pump now defined, the rest of the power unit can be built around it. You must now choose the size of your reservoir. Although opinions vary, you can’t go wrong with the advice to size it as large as possible. Limitations will exist for cost and footprint, but on average, expect to need at least three times pump flow at minimum, to ideally five times if it can be achieved. Every multiple of pump flow provides a precious extra minute of fluid dwell time. Reservoir size is critical for many reasons.
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