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Welcome to
Yaadi Culture, Fimi Style Magazine
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It is impossible to talk of ethics without
Jamaican
first considering some complementary and
analyzing the actions of the younger
related terms. The three terms: ethics,
generations as it relates to these guidelines
morals, values are easily confused. For the
and assessing their adherence
purposes of this web site, they are defined
thereof. This issue will also outline
as follows:
symbolic milestones as it relates to
ethics describes a generally
citizens. We will
also be
or lack
BLACK HISTORY/ REGGAE MONTH
accepted set of moral principles
being observed across the world in
morals describes the goodness or
February.
badness or right or wrong of actions values describes individual or personal standards of what is valuable or important. This issue of the Yaadi Culture, Fimi Style Magazine
and
Yaadi
Culture,
Fimi
Adrian St. P. Duncan Editor - in– Chief
Style will be focusing on ethical and moral principles and values of our
Layout & Design Contributors:
Adrian St. P. Duncan Dillon Thomas
Deidre Douglas Georgette McGlashen Teisha Dawkins
Christal Miller
Shanae Bennett
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AADI CULTURE, FIMI STYLE MAGAZINE VOL 2 ISSUE 2
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From a Bird’s view Sowing the Seeds of Our Moral and Ethical Future Deidre D Douglas
"I'm for truth, no matter who tells it. I'm for justice, no matter who it is for or against. I'm
then. The further we go from those times, the
a human being, first and foremost, and as such
more we integrate and evolve, the less effect
I'm for whoever and whatever benefits hu-
the actions of the forefathers of our now
manity as a whole."
friends, employees and in-laws will have on
— Malcolm X
us and our offspring. Whites and blacks now
It is Black History Month. As a nation and by extension, a people who have endured many ill, this should be a time of reverence. We may have long past the point where our colour
live amicably in South Africa, America, Europe and ever other corner of the world, there is even an overflow of white Rastafarians.
stipulates how we are treated in school, or on
It doesn’t change the past but some of us
the bus, but that does not mean it does not still
seem to have been emancipated from mental
happen somewhere. Our existing generations
slavery. We now seem to live in a different
may be too young to have witnessed any
dispensation.
racial retribution, but it has happened and still happens. Nevertheless, as Jamaicans, and black people, we are a force to be reckoned with, so we have brushed off our shoulders and moved on with our lives. Our recovery or the journey to such does not erase the past. Our forefathers were
bru-
talized, and it was viewed even worse back Yaadi Culture, Fimi Styleja
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From a Bird’s view Cont’d
Many questions flood my mind, especially
Deidre D. Douglas
at this time of the year. What makes us
those considered ethics. Most importantly,
think and feel and judge? What prompts
naturally humans are groomed during their
us to have a certain bias towards or away
lifetime journey to make these choices.
from particular activities? Do we have any idea of how powerful our minds are and the capacity and capability of the mind? Our minds hold information and then develop emotions (sentiments) towards whatever we encounter that is associated with these data. We sometimes blame our morals or our ethics or our knowledge of good and evil. A great but necessary task then is to define ethics and morality.
Morals
Morality isn’t rocket science in my point of view, but may be dependent on what one’s ethical
background constitutes. American
author Earnest Hemmingway was one to put it best when he said, “I know only that what is moral is what you feel good after and what is immoral is what you feel bad after.” This in my perspective means, that for a person (child or adult) who was never educated or socialized about certain actions, words and thoughts,
and ethics relate
being unacceptable or otherwise, his or her
to those princi-
morality should not be judged as one who is
ples that distinguish between right and
already privy to the ethics of his or her society.
wrong or good and bad behaviour. The
And, in my
difference between these is morals are
point
one’s personal laws while ethics are
view, nurture
enforced by an external body. Thus the
t r u m p s
personal choices of an individual, his or
nature
her habits and conduct with regards to
these cases.
of
in
good and evil are moral choices. The laws of the land, formally or informally, are @YaadiCulture
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From a Bird’s view Cont’d
There is a level of flexibility with ethics that does not occur with morals simply based on the fact that ethics are based on situation and interpretation, while morals are personal and hence set in stone. Also within an area, geographical or social, ethics are managed by
weekend. Why? This is because for the Christian
community, and some other
religions, having intimate relations before marriage is lawless, thus unethical. But this is a social law.
guidelines that vary, while morals, being
One may argue that personally if a couple is
personal, tend to transcend class, creed and
faithful and both display the required
colour. The fact is a person can follow the
attributes then consented sex between them
ethics that govern any situation without
cannot be wrong. It is neither for this bird’s
holding any morals of their own. And
wings to expose nor beaks to judge. There
likewise, one may have to go against the
are those who are married however whose
ethics governing circumstances of his land in
relationships are gruesome. There are for
order to maintain his moral standards.
example, the abusive spouses, and the
Ethics
are vast and as such
paedophiles. Take the Yemeni 8 year old
based on
geography,
child bride who died last September on her
heritage, philosophy, religion, politics, and a
wedding night. Her husband was 40 years
barrage of other entities that may or may not
old. For several tribes in Yemen, this is a
change from situation to situation. There exist
norm,
socially acceptable practices that are not
acceptable. For us of the western world and
morally acceptable in all parts of that same
even some in parts of the same Yemeni
society, one of such is fornication. Yes, this
society, we cringe, sigh, even cry, shocked
big “religious” word, is not even used in
that people still exist in this world who can
regular society, but will be at the tip of the
think along these lines. Yet it’s a question of
tongues of one preacher or another over the
societal ethical and moral divergences.
Yaadi Culture, Fimi Styleja
and
thus
socially
and
morally
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From a Bird’s view Punishments too bring about moral questions.
heritage but to try and move on. We learn as
In Jamaica we no longer uphold capital
we grow, and growth is not where we say we
punishment under the law. This, along with
are but instead where we actually progress
the conditions which prisoners exist, is
to. Let us be wise, let us be sober, and let us
continuously scrutinized by human rights
live this life well. Recall the words of the
activists both locally and abroad. So in no said
great
terms there are systems, locally and abroad,
principle of value that we need to rediscover
that foster the care of a criminal better than it
is this: that all reality hinges on moral
does a family living below the poverty line or
foundations. In other words, that this is a
even the individuals whose jobs are to protect
moral universe, and that there are moral laws
us from said criminal elements. The “system”
of the universe just as abiding as the physical
and the “man” may just continue to hold the
laws. ("Rediscovering Lost Values")”.
society at ransom in that regard. It is however the moral duty of every member of every
Martin Luther King Jr., “The first
One love
society to make choices that will protect its members and uplift its estates. not have Morality isthewhaturgemakesto usabuse or discriminate against every person who is different. Ethics is what makes it against the law to act on any of said existing urges. It is in our best interest to remember our history and
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@YaadiCulture
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Ole Time “Spice” This month we will be looking back at the food prepared by our ancestors of yesteryear. In a move to highlight the dynamic nature of our ancestors as it relates to the preparation of food. These dishes are not only nutritious but they are easy to make and are created from mostly vegetables found in your garden. These include: “Potash” - Cooked with pepper, tomatoes, escellion , onions and thyme. It is left to steam for a minute then a dust of flour is added to the mix in order to create a paste. This is normally served with dumplings, yam and bananas. One Pot— Prepared with pumpkin (diced), escellion, thyme, sweet pepper, mized vegetables and ackee placed in a pot with rice, This is cooked as a meal by itself and sometimes is preferred with some good ole Jamaican “lemonade”.
Cho-Cho and Saltfish—Cooked with tomatoes, pepper (sweet and hot), escellion, thyme and sautéed with saltfish and dised or crushed “Cho-Cho”.
Pepper
pot
soup— Prepared with diced pumpkin, cho-cho, boiled
breadfruits, dasheen along with the conventional seasoning (pepper, escellion ,
onions and thyme.). 9 Yaadi Culture, Fimi Style
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Gone are the days…… by Adrian Duncan
Since
the dawn of creation there
sad to say slowly becoming acceptable in our
have
stipulated
society as a norm and further integrated into the
guidelines that govern the way in which we
value system of our people. I am in no way
live. In the book of Genesis God gave
saying that there should be any harm, physical
Adam and Eve certain guidelines and
or otherwise, done to the individuals that
restrictions. Genesis 2 v 16 and 17
subscribe to this sort of lifestyle but when did it
explained the first commandment given to
become cool to be gay?
been
man by God “and the LORD God commanded the man, “You are free to eat from any tree in the garden;
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but you must
not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat from it you will certainly die.”
Living by the principles, doctrine and guidelines of the Almighty God, he says in Leviticus 18 vs. 22 – 23, you shall not lie with a male as with
a
abomination.
woman. 23
It
is
an
Nor shall you mate with any
animal, to defile yourself with it. Nor shall any
From the societal standpoint there are
woman stand before an animal to mate with it.
similar rules and guidelines that citizens
It is perversion. By this the word furnishes us
are to adhere to in order to have a smooth
with another rule/guideline that we are to
functioning society without chaos and the
adhere to; so no girl on girl, and no boy on
proliferation of lewd behaviour. The recent
boy action.
societal displays have indicated that we are losing our values relating to moral principles to a point seemingly impossible to return from. Our society is riddled with transgender,
transvestite,
homosexuals,
promiscuity and a host of unethical and immoral individuals and practices, which is 10 @YaadiCulture
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Continued
The influence of social media and
by youths of our society, who sometimes
telecommunications has opened doors for
replicate these behavioral patterns mistakenly
certain lewd behaviour to creep into our
taking it for acceptable standards of our
homes, our children and by extension the
society. It is clear that our youths are not
society in which we live, so much so that
always able to decipher what is acceptable or
we are only noticing it when it is at an
unacceptable in our society as that line is
uncontrollable state. The Grammys was
seemingly becoming blurred as the days go by.
recently aired and we were all witnesses
Let us stop this behavior before it gets any
to numerous same sex marriages, this was
further out of hand that it already has, let us
not only a contentious point for millions
ensure that we foster a better and more ethical
of viewers across the globe but was also
and morally uplifting display so that young
not sitting well with award winners and
people can emulate and adhere to.
attendees as one person opted to leave before the event was half way through and another decided not to attend and didn’t collect her award. Attributing, to the “burning at the stake” performance by Katy Perry and the marrying of numerous homosexuals by recently certified Queen Latifa, the Grammys was under heavy fire from regular viewers.
Jamaica
being t h e
“backyard” of the United States has also been impacted as this behaviour was seen
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Gone are the days……
Continued
The
next
contentious
point
is
pornographic industry that is growing in our music
industry; seemingly it is now
the “in thing” to make music videos while performing sexual activities or even while performing on stage. The impetus of the Jamaica artistes to remain relevant in today’s society is detrimental to the fostering
of
moral
and ethical adherence a
n
d
continuity; which is evident in the recent increase nudity,
in
online
promiscuity,
fornication
by Adrian Duncan
the
and
raunchy behavior by our high school students. When did it become acceptable for young girls to participate in, record and distribute online sexually degrading acts? The audacity to even participate and record it is a clear indication that they are not remorseful for their actions or even care to consider the repercussions of said actions.
mindful that their future is ahead of them and that they are going to apply for college and university
scholarships
and
most
notable, employment. Imagine showing up at a scholarship interview and you are posed with a question relating to online posts of your
past.
Numerous
recruiters
organizations
are
and doing
online checks as a part of their when
background
checks
seeking to
hire
someone or select them for a scholarship.
The
participation of youths is not warranted in certain acts, participating in sexual activities is one of them; PLEASE REFRAIN/ABSTAIN. Children do not rush your childhood, enjoy it and in due time you will be able to participate in activities deemed fitting for adults; with your discretion. Just wait and “deal wide ting good and done”.
Students and young people should be Yaadi Culture, Fimi Styleja
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@YaadiCulture
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DOCTAZ ADVICE By: Christal O. Miller
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a lung condition
Who Is at Risk for
usually caused by smoking.
COPD? What Are the Smokers are at the greatest risk of developing COPD. Others who may be at risk include: people with jobs that expose them to lung irritants, such as chemicals or smoke,
Symptoms of COPD? A persistent cough, breathlessness, and fatigue are the major symptoms of COPD. Wheezing and tightness in the chest also are common, as are frequent respiratory infections.
including miners, people who work around diesel fumes, cooks, and furnace technicians people with HIV are 50 to 60 percent more likely to develop COPD (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2012) people 40 and over, as risk factors increase with age (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2012)
@YaadiCulture
Yaadi Culture, Fimi Style
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How Is COPD Diagnosed? Spirometry is the most common way to diagnose COPD. A spirometer measures air flow. Patients blow into a tube, and the device measures how quickly the lungs take in and exhale air. Reduced lung function is a primary indicator of COPD.
How Is COPD Treated?
Chest X-rays or CT scans can help diagnose emphysema. They can also help rule out diseases other than COPD.
There is no cure for COPD. But lifestyle changes can ease symptoms.
Blood tests can measure for a protein that,
Smokers with COPD should seek
when lacking, leads to COPD. This is
help for quitting immediately. Other
caused by a genetic condition and can be
lifestyle changes also need to be
useful when diagnosing someone with a
undertaken. Exercise, although
family history of COPD. Blood tests also
difficult for some people with
can measure how well the lungs are
COPD, is important to overall health,
processing oxygen and carbon dioxide.
as is good nutrition.
Sputum or blood tests can diagnose a lung infection.
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DOCTAZ ADVICE Expectorants loosen mucus so it can
Medications
be expelled by a cough. It is important to
A variety of medications can ease the symptoms of COPD:
the
lungs
of
mucus,
which
accumulates quickly in people with
Bronchodilators are usually taken via an inhaler. They relax the muscles of the lungs
COPD and can lead to infections. A variety of antibiotics are prescribed to treat respiratory infections, especially
and open up airways. Short-acting
clear
inhalers,
generally
during severe flare-ups of COPD.
prescribed in the early stages of COPD, last four to six hours. They are used as needed. Long-acting inhalers, used during the
What Is the Outlook
later stages of the disease, are used every
for COPD?
day and work for about 12 hours. Steroids reduce swelling in the airways. They are usually inhaled, often from a
There is no cure for COPD, but symptoms
device
a
can be effectively managed to help
bronchodilator. For advanced cases of
patients live normal lives as long as
COPD, they are often taken in pill form.
possible.
that
also
contains
In oral form, steroids may have serious side effects such as weight gain, diabetes, osteoporosis, cataracts, and a vulnerability to infections (Mayo Clinic, 2013).
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Morality Vs Ethics By Shanae Bennett
There lifestyle
from
are rules which are
Am I disregarding the ethical manner of doing
applied
things for personal gain? Which is more
as
to
early
human as
the
important to me, is it ethics or morality?
moment of our existence. These series of
Ethics
and
morality
often
times
bare
rules provided to an individual can be
synonymous connotations but it merely applies
administered by an external source. Social
to how you identify right or wrong. A variety of
systems such as schools, workplace and
ethics include social, professional, national,
national security may drive these rules in
company, and even family ethics. These ethical
place whether or not we accept them. On
variations consist of strict unchanging rules and
the other hand, morality may interfere
adaptations which tend to govern while creating
with ethical practices with respect to right
control amongst a group. However, while moral
or wrong conduct based on one’s habits or
codes are codependent on factors such as
principles. You may do something that is
culture, age and religion, social ethics can
viewed as a positive moral inclination
become judgmental in how moral practices in
based on your own belief, but your actions
some cultures are carried out.
can be conflicting to others who may label it as unethical. It may seem like ethics and morals are never a good combination since both place strict emphasis on a standard belief or expectation. However, to truly ascertain what is unethical versus what is moral, we must consider who or what will be affected? Will change emerge as a result of my moral beliefs and action? 18 Yaadi Culture, Fimi Style @YaadiCulture
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Continued
Codes of ethics allow us to be sacrificial of our-
But who said we have to abide by ethical
selves and to fulfill societal norms and
principles? Societal norms have over the
expectations. The principles which govern right
years triggered a sense of belonging and
and wrong practices may vary from what you
natural inclination to follow rules. These
conceive to be morally correct, apply yourself
rules often interfere with morality but
to a given situation in a fair manner and
even when we try to bend the rules, there
consider the likely outcome. Morality protects
are consequences.
one’s own principles or values, ethics help to
At
this point, humans can only
enforce rules and guidelines set aside from our
balance ethics and morality in
personal belief to create a diversity of control in
selected situations which require careful intervention. For example, a Journalist who is assigned to cover a breaking news story about abortion can either refuse to do the story due to moral beliefs, or agree to do the story because ethically, the job of a journalist is to provide fair and accurate information to the public at all times. In a situation such as that we tend to ask ourselves which is more important to our individuality. Be it ethics or morality, there are times when we are faced with breaking the rules to secure our moral attachments, or put aside moral beliefs to do what is presumed to be ‘the right thing’ for everyone.
specific situations surrounding our existence. At the end of the day, our morals will always be in conflict with the ethics that are brought forward to us in our everyday lives and it will be up to us to decide morally or ethically what is right, or what is wrong. Do we want to do the “morally” right thing or what is “ethically” correct? Intrinsic personal values, the basis of moral value, start with our individual life journey. It is then with ethical standards of our existence we rightfully alter our actions to conform to societal norms. Never lose sight of your morality, but choose to follow the ethics of mankind as we further disperse among others in life. For ethics instill control, and morals help to build and maintain culture and traditions. 19
@YaadiCulture
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Myths and superstitions play an integral role in Jamaican folklore. Most of them that exist here were derived from the enslaved Africans who came to Jamaica from societies that were rich in myths and superstitions. Their preservation, throughout the years, has been facilitated by Afro-Jamaican practices such as oral tradition . Many of these myths and superstitions involve food. It is common in Jamaican culture to have peculiar notions about food consumption and preparation. There are usually no explanations for these notions, however, they have often been adhered to without query as they have been passed down, throughout generations, by grandmothers and other elders, who are considered to be trusted sources for information. Some of these superstitions make certain foods taboo for small children. For instance, one states that to feed chicken to a child before he/she is talking prevents him/her from talking. Others include: Cornmeal porridge turns back the teething water into the infant's stomach and this causes diarrhea. Ground provisions retard babies' speech. Liver makes the baby's tongue heavy. Milk makes the baby light of color. Half an egg causes a child to grow to be a thief. Goat's milk will cause a baby's forehead to grow big. Children are not to drink from bottles or they will become drunkards. Rice and condensed milk give babies worms. Some foods are thought to be threats to one's good health when not consumed under the right conditions. This belief leads to superstitions such as the following: Cocoa and chocolate rot bones. Skimmed milk powder causes diarrhea. Unboiled milk makes you fat. Yaadi Culture, Fimi Styleja
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Proud to be BLACK By: Adrian Duncan
is a very important February month to black people and black enthusiasts worldwide. The struggles of the black people throughout history will continually spark emotional responses and debates for years to come. I recently had a reflective moment when I was awarded the privilege of two theatrical experiences; “Mandela: the long walk to
more “heart-boiling” experience is having to watch your mother, sister or even girlfriend being raped by the sons of the plantation owner while your friend is hanging by the neck on a nearby tree. Life was not easy for black people in the days of slavery and the ones leading to its abolishing.
freedom” and “12 years a slave’. I pictured
This was a very traumatic experience and
myself living in both eras, no rights, forced
I can only imagine what they went
to adhere to rules and regulations and
through , regrettably, black people are still
adhere to standards set by people who
being victimized today. This victimization
consider themselves to be our masters, not
takes the form of racial slurs, comments
to mention, little to no opportunity for
and a host of innovative 21st century
social, economical and intellectual growth
ways of stigmatizing black people. The
and continuity.
most recent case of such a victimization is
The sacrifices of our forefathers are colossal and incomparable to say the least. Imagine being flogged with a “cat-o-nine” with each branch’s tip holding a metal or sharp bone digging further and further into your flesh with each crack of the whip. A Yaadi Culture, Fimi Styleja
the case of Jamaican Netball star Romelda Aiken who has been the victim of a “racist” and “aggressive” cyber attack in the last few weeks. In a public admission she outlined that she has been the victim of cyber racism, bullying and aggressive threats. 28
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Continued Adding to the list of those Jamaican black
announcing her disgust at the Jamaican
people that have been victims of racial
people. But it is my opinion that we should
comments is our very own winner of the
not be that that angry at these people as there
Voice; Tessanne Chin. Chin after entering
is little appreciation of our identity by our
the competition and forger ahead of the
own people; bleaching ones skin to look like
competition was bashed by numerous indi-
someone else.
viduals on social networking site, Twitter,.
gives the indication that we are not proud of
Individuals found it their place to comment
our skin complexion and by extension not
on her, voice, mode of dress and most
proud of ourselves as a people. Come on
notably, her ethnicity; one such comment
man, how can you command respect from
was “ I didn't even know those black
external entities and individuals if you are
people in Jamaica had access to phones, let
not first respecting yourself ? Let us slow
alone can afford credit to call and text�.
down and show that we appreciate ourselves
This individual showed no respect for the
as is so that others can come to love and
performer nor her people as week after
appreciate us too. Remember this, no matter
week
the bleaching, you are still going to be a
she
hurled and
comments
pages
on
her while
This is unacceptable as it
BLACK PERSON.
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Ole Time People did say…. Georgette McGlashen
Ethics and Morality A No Evriting Gud Fi It Gud Fi Taak
A No Evriting Gud Fi It society that determines how persons should Gud Fi Taak, translated, “Not everything that is behave in particular situation – with behavior Good for Eating is Good For Talking”. What encompassing, speech, appearance, attitude this means is that although some things may be and action and even motives. beneficial for edification and development; and having a good purpose, it may not be proper for public discussion or mentioning. Instantly I am
wondering
what
an
example
an
unspeakable benefit could be. Then, my mind wonders on to ask, what rules govern what is said in public and what is said in secret. The words that came to my mind are norms, mores, and values. All these terminologies can be explained under a branch of philosophy known as Ethics. But as not to get so deep or philosophical, I will just look at the word ethics in the primary meaning. That is, Ethics as moral principles that governs a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity. While mores, from which the word morality is derived, speaks to customs or conventions of a community, group or society. Simply put,
Recently I partnered in business with an international
company,
having
very
professional health and medical practitioners, with some remarkable scientifically tested and proven products that are reversing diabetes, managing heart disease and obesity and balancing the metabolism. Prior to my introduction to the business I knew nothing about lifestyle diseases and the huge impact they have on planet earth. Learning how the products work and that they target and manage lifestyle diseases, I was very excited to be part of a movement that seek to improve the lives of many people; seeing that lifestyle diseases are the leading cause of death on planet earth. Why am I mentioning all of this?
ethics are the written or unwritten rules in a Yaadi Culture, Fimi Styleja
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Ole Time People did say…. Georgette McGlashen Cont’d With my newly found knowledge and excitement I went out preaching as it
Health
were, the good news of hope for those
business meant big money for doctors. There was
with lifestyle diseases, to some doctor
the possibility of doctors earning even larger
friends of mine and other persons in the
incomes than they already earn in their practice.
medical industry and profession. To my
But isn’t being a doctor about earning big income
dismay, my experience became a perfect
anyway? Which doctor’s practice is set up to
example of ‘something good to eat, but
make a profit? Aren’t doctors some of the best
not good to talk’. Here I have a product
paid professionals in the world? My concern was
that is tested and proven to manage
with the product, its safety and the result. Does
diabetes, heart disease and obesity in a
this product work, does it make patients better?
world where 1 out of 3 persons are diabetic and obesity is the cause of heart disease and diabetes, which is the cause of new blindness and several other health complications. But was told by many Jamaican doctors that ‘yes the product will work, however doctors should Not participate in these businesses because of ethical reasons. And by these businesses doctors meant Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) nor Network Marketing.
and
Wellness
MLM
According to values in medical ethics four principles used to determine ethical standards proffered
by Tom Beauchamp
and James
Childress are 1. The right of the patient to chose his or her drug, known as autonomy, 2. Beneficence , acting in the patient’s best interest, 3. Justice, which speaks to fairness and equality in regards to equality access to treatment and 4. Dignity, that every patient be treated with
respect.
Not being a doctor made it very hard for me to understand the rationale behind this ethical
stance.
From
the
little
I
understand, the participation of doctors in Yaadi Culture, Fimi Styleja
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Ole Time People did say…. Georgette McGlashen
Ethics and Morality A No Evriting Gud Fi It Gud Fi Taak
With
my limited knowledge I think
the
products
suggested are well in keeping with these values.
However,
without
a
doctor
recommending them many patients will have the right to choose
between an
naturally assume that every patient want to be better.
So
if its good eat, then it should be good to talk about. The relationship between a
patient and doctor is confidential and would definitely
accommodate
talking
about
life
all-natural no side effect substitute and a
preservation regardless of prejudice. Ethics in any
prescription drug with side effects.
profession should never be preserved at the cost of any human life or preservation. Neither should
It is well in keeping with the best interest of the patient’s health, balancing blood sugars etcetera. Although on the pricy
it be used to silence any group while giving voice to another. Ethics must be to the benefit of the majority if not for all.
side, the results are guaranteed and should not be reserved for special
Until next time waak gud and tek kier and memba
patients, but should be presented as an
oudi and tengki no brok no skwier.
option to all regardless of price – which is one of the major reasons for rejection by many doctors. And finally dignity is showing respect to the patients by presenting all the options as if to
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Preserving our culture by preserving Rastafarianism By: Dillon Thomas to the continuity of the Jamaican culture as both are
inseparable
like
Siamese
twins.
The
continuation of their existence relies heavily on them being able to practice their rituals and further foster growth for their movement is dependent on them being able to live as their “way of life depicts�> This alludes to the strategic locations camps are erected. Scotts Pass, Jamaican culture was forged as a result of
Pinnicle and Bobo Hill are only a few of the
the inclusion of numerous cultures, most
many camps that foster the teaching, practices and
note
and
rituals of the movement, if these sites are not
Rastafarian culture. This culture has been
preserved then the Rastafarian heritage will be
successfully
from
lost entirely. The government needs to get the Ja-
through
maican Heritage Society to formally identify
various mediums; food, clothing, dress
these cultural sites and acquire the land so that
and deportment, rituals and practices and
properly preserved of this way of life can be done.
family life. The teachings of yesteryear is
Greatly loved and appreciated is the way of life of
still reinforced by Rastafarians and
the Rastafarian people, it would be truly sad to
Africanists
and
see the culture and people dwindle as a result of
appreciation for the Jamaican culture in a
poor management and preservations measures and
number of youths today stems from their
guidelines.
worthy
generations
appreciation
is
the
handed to
down
generations
today.
and
African
The
respect
love
for
the
Rastafarian culture. The preservation of the Rastafarian culture is very important
Mek we help di rasta dem, after all a fi wi bredda and sista dem enuh 35
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Moral standards of the Jamaican female
By Teisha Dawkins
because we fear that we will be punished but because our conscience tells us that the thing is wrong and that makes us not ok with things we perceive as wrong. For others, the idea of wrong is relative and as long as imprisonment What
is not a consequence of particular actions it is
moral standards are present in females in
ok to go ahead. Even if it is a written rule de-
our Jamaican society?
picted by society, if there is a chance of getting off scotch free then hey it will be done without
What are the consequences/ end result of a
a second thought.
lack of morals?
Morals
are
standards
of
b e h a v i o r ;
principles of right and wrong that guide individual Behavior. These beliefs and standards are based on practices and teachings regarding how people conduct themselves in personal relationships and society on a whole. It has nothing to do with rules but has to do with our personal and individual views of what is right and wrong. Our conscience is our moral guide and this is what determines an individual's morality. With rules people do not kill or steal because they fear punishment. with morals on the other hand, we do or do not do things not
A renowned author, L. S. Lewis, states that morality as it relates to our behavior is important on three levels. He states that it is important to ensure fair play and harmony between individuals; to help make us good persons in order to ensure a good society; and to keep us In a good relationship with. What these are really saying is that without a sense of morality, persons would just go about life doing whatever whenever, not caring about how their actions affect others as there would be nothing to govern how we think and act. Can you picture how the society would be without rules or codes that guide or behavior? If people did not have a sense of right and wrong? 36
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37
Sense
of
morality
depicted
by
can
be
and
is
displayed in the way we act, speak, dress just to name a few. The morals that depict how we as females act may have been developed through socialization- people telling us that certain things are not ok- or from observation which shows us that to do certain things affect us and others negatively. We grow up a certain way and then change as we grow older and go out in society by ourselves being independent adults. Is this change always for the best? Some of the things that we tend to change are our sense of good and bad.
society?
acceptable. In the past females wouldn't dare wear certain clothes. Females would never be seen in videos naked or just about. Our sense of morality taught us that it was not right to be exposing certain areas of our bodies and that private parts were meant to be just that. Until indecent exposure is a written rule that will result in imprisonment then females will continue to have a depreciating morals because all it seems persons have regards for are written rules and laws that result in prison sentence of not abided by. We need to use our own judgment and have morals and values
On that note, what about females in our Jamaican
telling us that certain behaviors are not
Have
you
guiding or actions. Females now are looked
ever
down on
observed persons and said to yourself
because
'self, where are her morals?'. Females
of
today tend to say anything anywhere and
things we
it seems that nobody is thinking that
do
'crap, I am in a public place with persons
h a v e
many years my senior'. In the previous
nothing to
generation and even in decades past, we
blame but
wouldn't seem of this. before making
diminish-
certain statements we would look around
ing sense
to see who is heading what will be said.
of value,
This showed that we had a conscience
self worth and
the and
morals 37
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38
Name: Breadfruit Binomial (Scientific) Name: Artocarpus altilis Place of Origin: New Guinea Uses: Food (boiled, baked, roasted, fried, fermented); Timber (used in construction for Samoan architecture and canoes); Paper (from wood pulp); Latex (animal traps, boat making); Notable Characteristics: Termite resistant timber; One of the highest yielding fruit plants; Cooked fruit of similar consistency to bread (baked), potato (boiled) and chips (fried); Latex used as glue. Date of Arrival to Jamaica: February 1793
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February is Reggae Month Deidre Douglas Jamaican background, just as there are Caucasian Rastafarians, which in itself is quite a perplexity. Reggae is a language, it is a state of being, a culture, and for many, a religion. Reggae
artiste
may
be
viewed
as
philosophical, as well as rebellious, depending Reggae Month and Black History Month in Jamaica are one and the same. This for Jamaicans makes plenty of sense, noting the roots of our reggae music and culture and the main focus of this uplifting genre of music and lifestyle. It should be duly noted and accepted therefore that reggae is not just the music, reggae in itself is a culture that our forefathers coined into the form of music which then developed into a heritage greater than us all, which promises not only to outlive us but to evolve as many times as possible,
taking
its
contagiousness
worldwide. These days reggae is not even confined to blacks, just as soca is no longer confined to Trinidadians. There are reggae superstars without
neither
African
heritage
nor
on their message. It is however fair to state that like in many other genres of music, reggae artistes are messengers for both themselves and for those whom they represent or identify with. Reggae was born in Jamaica in the 1960s. The country was at this time experiencing a different form of situation and was bursting at its seams for attention. It was given in the form of the music which had gradually
moved
away
from
ska
and
rock steady and dropped in the laps of those with fire on their tongues. Artistes such as Lee “Scratch� Perry, Clancy Eccles and Jackie Mittoo started the movement. Artistes like Peter Tosh, Bob Marley and Burning Spear, have been instrumental in giving voice to those that had experiences and grouses but was unable to vent for the masses to realize they were not alone. 39
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40
CONTINUED
Bob Marley was and is still considered everything one desired in a messenger at that time. One of the greatest icons the Caribbean every birthed, Bob song of love and war and could identify with both blacks and the half breed Mullatoes of yesteryear. He was a smooth operator who like many other reggae artiste, never needed rhymes to pull at the ears of his audience, and at other doting fans. Peter Tosh was a fiery rebel who took no prisoners when he chewed fire
by little whatever the event or situation was became reggae, because reggae became life. Soon it wasn’t just a Rasta man who craved the
potent
administered,
medicine it
was
which
reggae
contagious
and
ubiquitous. Soon not only the dreads were seen
as
redemption
Rasta, and
and
the
message
emancipation
was
of not
necessarily physical. Reggae grew, and matured into both a dangerous and beautiful vessel.
coated terms at whatever he chose and his
Tours became a means for drug, love and
fans loved him. He was an authentic
education trafficking, with the main cargo
Jamaican. And Burning Spear will forever
being marijuana (ganja) and a new way of
be the History teacher, always reminding us
life. Yet the herb was not the only drug being
of someone black and great, or an event we
transported, distributed or utilized. And since
need to recall. These men along with others
the “good weed” was so much a part of the
travelled the world, and learnt how fame
family, many depended on the transit of
could either make you or break you in
reggae artistes and their entourage through
society. There was always a subject to voice
their cities and countries to supply them with
about; whether it is religion and livity, love
this new treasure. Reggae became more and
and
the
more of what today’s society view as popular
Babylonian system, or any other day to day
and before it could be contained, it evolved
interactions among the common men folk of
once more. This time it grew a second head,
society. Reggae voiced it all, because little
we now know this as the beloved Dancehall.
relationships,
politics
and
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41
war. They are some viewed equally vital
CONTINUED
Dancehall
is today what Reggae was in
though seemingly on different paths for the same cause.
the former days, and Reggae is now the so-
The only mistake made when categorizing
ber grandfather of a wild and expressive
Reggae both for its music and overall
growing offspring. Dancehall in itself is now
heritage and culture is to believe that Reggae
a way of life for many, local and abroad. It
is synonymous with Rastafarians. This is not
embraces a certain style which is always
completely accurate. This is basically not
changing into bigger, brighter and louder
accurate at all. Reggae is much more than
versions of itself. Dancehall is all about
Rasta, far bigger than its island of birth Ja-
what is seen, where Reggae was always
maica, and equally similar to as it is different
about voicing what seemed unseen by many
from its descendant, Dancehall. Should there
especially on the outside. And just as how
be a Reggae Month? Certainly there could
Reggae is now viewed as a more conscious
and should be more. Yet for a unit that
category, so is Dancehall the place of escape
doesn’t really take the time to embrace and
for many who were in the shadows. Today’s
reflect on the past centuries of change and
reggae warriors are rebels with causes and
oppression, it is a great place to start. One
concerns, and ambassadors of both love and
love
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Gone to the “dawgs”
by Adrian Duncan
From the onset let us start by outlining that for the purpose of this article ethics and morality will be defined. Morality is antecedent to ethics; it denotes the concrete activities of which ethics is science. It can be defined as principles or habits with respect to right or wrong conduct and defines how things should work according to individuals’ ideal and principles. Simply put, it is a code of values to guide man choices and actions ; the choices and actions that determines the purpose and course of his life. Doing something against one’s moral values and principles can have different effect on different people as they may feel uncomfortable and even remorse.
internet compatible devices, the attitudes and actions of members of our society are slowly dwindling. The ways in which we grow our children today is totally different from that of yesteryear; your grandparents in the 40’s and 50’s were strong enforcers of discipline and the adherence to moral and ethical principles . These great grandparents sought to instill moral values in our parents with an aim to foster respect, sense of social and spiritual comfort as well as the ability to decide for oneself right or wrong. These values and principles are said to be closely linked to that of the Christian faith. Despite their
The “meaT” of the matter I need to understand, are we changing the ethical principles we are teaching our children or are we amending/ relaxing our moral standards ?
origin, these standards have fostered, for generations, the ability to think and decipher
right from
wrong, to decide
what is just and what is unjust, essentially, it gives a barrier that individuals do not cross as they know that is against their
Like a broken pipe, the moral values of our ethical or moral standards. society keeps leaking into a endless bucket catching and locking away
our values and
principles. Propagated by social media and 42
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43
Continued
The Issue
relaxing certain ethical principles for far too long. The participating and videotaping of
Nudity—High school students and their
sexual activities by our young people is
participation in sexual activities has been a
seemingly multiplying 100 fold over the last
problem in Jamaica and across the World
few years. In the past year alone, there has
for years. The problem is that there was not
been an alarming increase in pictures and
as many participants and evident from those
videotapes of children participating in
raunchy pictures and videos that they were
sexual activities plastered over the internet,
not as adventurous , brazen and shameless
specifically, Facebook and YouTube. It
either. The recent explosion of high school
makes on wonder if this is as a result of our
sex tapes with students, and sometimes
misguidance and inefficiencies in raising
adults, participating in these lewd acts and
our children in the “rite and propa way”.
behaving in a sexually derogatory manner is troubling to say the least. The continued disregard for self, virtue and attitudes of high quality proves that we have been
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AADI CULTURE, FIMI STYLE MAGAZINE VOL 2 ISSUE 2
Music
Continued
is an aspect of the fiber
displayed in our youths . Can we blame
of our being and the
theme though or are we to be blamed?
influence of our artistes is second only to the Almighty himself. It can be said that the needs of a society determines the ethics and in the Jamaican society the hero is that man who was offered only the crumbs from his country’s table but by ingenuity and
Publishing naked pictures and the uploading of sex tapes and even making and even distributing music videos that are clearly pornographic videos is one of the main reasons our children are repeating our actions without fear of the repercussions.
courage is able to make for himself numerous lavish banquets. As such persons
At present the explosive display and
who command certain young audience
surfacing of content that are derogatory,
should be mindful of their acts and
immoral and disgraceful troubles me and I
behaviour as they are often times emulated
am sure that a lot of Jamaicans, locally and
by the youths of our society, not only in
in the Diaspora, have their opinions on this
their speech but most noticeable, their
lewd behavior. It gives one the impression
actions.
that society is slowly dwindling and accepting any standard that is given . At this
The profound disregard for certain moral values and principles by adults is also
rate, our moral values and ethical principles will be, like the dinosaurs, extinct. Nakedness, promiscuity and profanity are all one sees today. I am cognizant of the fact that there are parents out there doing their best to ensure that their children follows “the straight and narrow” path .
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AADI CULTURE, FIMI STYLE MAGAZINE VOL 2 ISSUE 2
Continued
Additionally
The elders need to step up their “games” , I can attest to
and not be afraid of what the parents of
a number of
these children might say, I am sure that they
parents growing their children with a
will feel embarrassed knowing that their
certain level of virtue, decency and a sense
children are participants in acts that are
of correctness to know that they will never
deemed unfitting for students/children.
be participants of such acts, however, a lot of children act like “saints” home but on the road in the presence of their friends they are “devils” . There is a old saying that says “ it takes a village to raise a child” , it is still relevant and needed in today's
For goodness sake, let us pause for a moment and mend this problem that is plaguing our society, believe me you will not understand until it has reached your home and your children are participants of.
society’ we need the “uncles and the
“Nuh mek it reach deh so, mek
aunties” on the road and in the buses to
we deal wid it now”
reprimand children that are conducting themselves in an unbecoming manner.
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46 AADI CULTURE, FIMI STYLE MAGAZINE VOL 2 ISSUE 2
Rights of a Jamaican Citizen only search your premises without a warrant What Do I Do When I Am Approached By
while in pursuit of a felon or when the police
The Police?
have reason to believe that an offence is
Do not run away. To do so may make you appear guilty.
being committed on your premises, or is about to be committed.
Show no hostility.
A Force Order now requires a duplicate
Remain calm. Remember that
search warrant to be given to you before the
innocent persons have nothing to
search.
fear. Listen carefully to everything you are told and, instructed or ordered to do, as you may be requested to repeat EXACTLY what you were told (especially if you should have a complaint).
What Are My Rights & Responsibilities When My Premises Are Being Searched?
You must remain in the presence of the officers conducting the search at all times. After you have seen the search warrant, refusing entry may make you appear guilty when you have nothing to hide. The police may use force if, after they have shown a warrant, you refuse entry. What Should I Do If I Am Being Questioned, Searched And/or Apprehended?
You have the right to see and read the search warrant or written directive from the police officer requesting the search. Otherwise a
Clearly but in a respectful tone, ask the relevant officer any of the following:
search is illegal and must not be conducted
“Why am I being questioned/searched/
unless you give permission. The police may
apprehended or arrested, Officer?� 46
47
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“Officer, please let me explain…”
lock-up or, if injured, to the hospital
Even if you think you have been wrongfully
Ask for a phone call or ask to send a message
detained and the police officer does not show
or a note right away and keep asking until
you the respect that is due to you as a citizen,
you can reach someone. Let them know what
keep calm and continue to show restraint and
has happened and where you are.
self-control. What Must I Do If I Am Being Charged? Cooperate and do not become violence, aggressive or offensive. Keep a mental note of everything that happens. You may have to take action against the officer(s) later, and you will need to say exactly how you were treated. You have the right to refuse to answer questions until your legal representative is present. If you are carried away from where you were in a police vehicle, ask a friend or bystander to take down the license number of the vehicle and tell your family.
If you are taken into custody, the police are responsible for your safety and the arresting officer should tell you that you are entitled to legal representation. If you do not have a lawyer, one should be notified from a list of names of duty Counsel (attorneys) posted at the station Citizens must not hinder the police when they are arresting or apprehending anyone as this constitutes a criminal offence. You must not harbor, hide or protect anyone who the police is attempting to arrest or apprehend as doing this constitutes a criminal offence.
Try to obtain the name and rank of at least one officer who is removing you.
Prevent this
You should only be taken to a station or police
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