မန္းေတာင္ရိပ္အႏုပညာဂ်ာနယ္

June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

June- 8 to 14 -2011

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2 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

3

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

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4 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

June- 8 to 14 -2011

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6 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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]at;uGm BuD;BuD;vnf; tckMuufOawGONyD; anmif;vdkY xGuv f mwmuG/ armvnf;arm qmvnf;qmrdk Bu;D Bu;D udw k pfck avmufauR;ygvm;uGm}} ]]&ygw,fBuD;BuD; pm;yg}} qdNk y;D wpfcak uR;vku d jf yefowJ/h ]orD;wdkY ,kefjzLav;rSm rkev f mOb,fEpS cf u k seaf o;vJ}/ ]aeOD;q&mr udBk u;D arsmuf ndK&,f? OD;av;qif&,f? Bu;D Bu;D Muufr&,fqakd wmh 3ODuek o f mG ; Ny/D 2Ouseaf o;wmayghq&mr}} ]]at;..orD;wdkYuÓPf aumif;om;yJ}} ]]'gqdk q&mr ,kejf zLav; eJo Y t Yl arwpfa,muf wpfOqD tudu k af ygh}} ]]aeOD;? yHkjyifav;u rNyD; ao;bl;uGUJ }} qufavQmufvm&m bb 0uf0BH u;D eJaY wGUjyefowJ/h ]]om;av;,kejf zL bmawG vJu}G ]]tarhzdkYrkefvmOawGyg? araraeraumif;bl;bb&JU}} ]a[ at;om;&m bb av usm;Bu;D eJaY wGUwm aMumuf vdkYajy;vkduf&wmuGm/ armvdkY tJ'gav;xJu bbudkwpfck avmufauR;ygvm;uGm}} ,kefav;uauR;vkdufjyef owJu h , G /f 'geJY,kefav;tdrfa&muf awmh rvmEkdifvdkYtjyifxGuf apmifah ewJt h arudak wGU&owJ/h ]]taruvJ tdrx f aJ ewm r[kwb f ;l / aeraumif;yJe}YJ } ]]om;udpk w d yf v l Ykd tpm&cJh vm;om;}} ]]&w,ftar&JU a&mhrkef vmOwpfO}} ]][if.. wpfcx k &J ,f wpf 0ufppD m;rSmayghuUJG }} ]]tarpm;yg/om;u&yg w,f}}/ 'DvkdeJY tarhudkauR;NyD; aq;wkduftdyfapowJhuG,f/ ,kejf zLav;ubk&m;&Scd ;kd Ny;D tdyf

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

Z,m;0iftaqmufttkHtjzpf xdef;odrf;xm;aom ppfudkif;cHwyf (c) tapcHcHwyfwGifausmufpmta[mif;ESifU ausmufpmtopfwdkhü a&;xdk;xm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;uGJvGJae ppfukdif;cHwyf(c)tapcHcHwyfudk ,Ofaus;rI0efBuD;|mea&S; a[mif;okawoetrsdK;om;jywdkufESifh pmMunfhwkdufOD;pD;|meu xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufxm;&m pwifapmifah &SmufpOfu a&;xk;d xm; aomausmufpmESihf ,ckarvyxrtywftwGi;f pdu k x f x l m;aom ausmufpmcsyfüa&;xkd;xm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;uGJvGJrI&Sdae ojzif?h trSejf zpfatmifppd pfjyifqifpu kd x f o l ifah Mumif; ppfuikd ;f NrKd U rSpmay0goem&Siw f pfO;D uajymonf/ ]]rlv&dSwJhausmufpmu tapcHcHwyftwGif; rsufESmpmeH&H rSmuyfxm;wmyg/ ppfuidk ;f cHwyfukd a&S;a[mif;okawoeu 1957 ckEpS rf mS xdr;f odr;f cJw h qdak wmh tJ't D csed u f rSww f rf;urÜn;f ausmuf pmjzpfrmS yg/ cHwyfukd jrefrmouú&mZf 1237(c&pfEpS f 1875) rif; wkef;rif;vufxufrSmwnfaqmufcJhwmvdkY a&;xkd;xm;w,f/ a& aMumif;buf|me jrefrmbk&iftrIawmfxrf; tDwvDvrl sKd uGerf w kd kd aqmufcw hJ mvdyYk gw,f/ 1247t*Fvyd jf refrmppfyrJG mS twGi;f 0efyif; NrKd Upm;rif;Bu;D rif;a[mifr[mausmo f &l ed u f ppom; 2726eJY wyf pGBJ u;D Muyfcw hJ ,fvaYkd &;xd;k xm;onf/ tJ'ED pS rf mS yJ uaemiftrd af &SU rif;om;uRe;f ndKrif;om;acgif;aqmifwrhJ sKd ;cspaf wmfveS af &;orm; rsm;eJY t*Fvdyfwyfom;awGwdkufcdkufcJhw,fvdkYygw,f}}[k pmay 0goem&Siu f qdo k nf/ ,ckarvqef;wGif tapcHwyfa&SUrsufESmpmt0ifayguf t aemufbuf(um;vrf;ab;)wGif tjrifh 6ayausm?f teH 3ayausmf &Sdpusifausmufom;urÜnf;ausmufpmcsyfBuD;udkpdkufxl&m rlvcH wyfausmufpmygtcsut f vufrsm;ESirhf wlbJ uGv J rJG &I adS eonf[k qdo k nf/ ]]topfpu kd x f m;wJah usmufpmrSm ppfuidk ;f cHwyf(c)tapcH cH wyfrmS tDwvDa&aMumif;ppfbuf|merS uGerf w kd ykd ,f&ED iS hf rdv k eD m&D wdkYBuD;MuyfaqmufvkyfcJhw,fvdkYqdkygw,f/ t&ifausmufpmt a[mif;udk jrefrmouú&mZfrygayr,fh c&pfouú&mZfusawmh 1875 eJY 1879vGJaewmawGU&w,f/ aemifNyD; BuD;Muyfaqmufvkyfol wpfO;D trnfygwd;k vmw,f/ aemufwpfcsuv f rJG mS ;wmu t*Fvyd f jrefrmppfyGJtwGif;u AdkvfrSL;twGif;0efrif;BuD;NrdKUpm;rif;BuD; rif; acgifr[mausmo f &l edS q f w kd myJ/ t&ifwpfcsyrf mS rif;acgifr[mausmf ol&def tcktopfrSm rif;acgifr[mausmfol&Sdefjzpfaewmvnf; tvGw J pfcv k x Ykd ifw,f/ 'Dxufq;kd wm&Sad o;w,f/ ausmufpmt a[mif;rSm ppfom; 2726eJYwyfcGJBuD;Muyfw,fvdkYa&;xm;wm? aemufwpfcsyfrSm ppfom;ta&wGuf ao;pdwfazmfjyxm;w,f}} ]]awmifrm&biftEG,f 345a,muf? vifZif;rS 328a,muf? bkef;awmfjrpf 70a,muf? bkef;awmfwdk; 318a,muf? uoJjrif; 252a,muf? &Srf;jirf; 312a,mif? Zif;r,fygjrif; 244a,muf? jrefrmjrif; 215a,muf? olaumif;xrf; 220a,muf pkpkaygif;

½kd;&maA'ifwGufcsuf&mütoHk;rsm;onfU &Srf;puúL &Srf;jynfe,f(ajrmufykdif;) yGJawmfaps;wef;rsm;wGif cif;usif;a&mif;cs &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyidk ;f vm;½d;I c½dik ?f rlq,fcf ½dik Ef iS ahf usmufrJ c½dik rf sm;wGif ½d;k &maA'ifwu G cf su&f mü &Sr;fpuúL(ac:)rkid ;f udik pf uúL rsm;udktoHk;jyK&m a'owGif;usif;yaomyGJawmfrsm;wGif &Srf;puúL oD;oeft Y a&mif;qkid rf sm;cif;usi;f a&mif;csr&I adS Mumif;od&onf/ &Srf;puúL(ac:) rkdif;udkifpuúLudk oDayg? rkdif;udkif? aus;oD;? erfch rf;paomNrKd Ue,frsm;rS ½d;k &mpuúLtjzpfxw k v f yk &f m puúLtxkyf tjzpf pepfwusxyk yf ;kd íaps;uGuw f ifa&mif;csonf/ &Sr;f puúLrsm; udk w½kwEf idk if w H iG af exkid Mf uaom &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;rSvnf;xkwf vkyrf &I &dS m&Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsKd ;EG,pf rk sm;taejzif½h ;kd &maA'ifwu G cf suf jcif;? tif;csjcif;rsm;wGit f rsm;qH;k toH;k jyKMuaMumif; a'ocH wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;xHro S &d onf/ ]]&Sr;f puúLvdaYk c:Muwmrsm;ygw,f/ wpfxyk t f &GuBf u;D 60yg w,f/ yGJaps;wef;awGrSm wpfxkyf 7500eJYa&mif;w,f/ 0,fol trsm;pku aA'ifwu G w f hJ bke;f awmfBu;D awGukd vSLzdYk 0,fMuwmyg/ ½dk;&maA'ifwGufcsufrI"avh&SdwJha'oqdkawmh bk&m;yGJausmif;yGJ awGrSm cif;usif;a&mif;cs&if ygoavmufukefwmrsm;ygw,f}}[k rlq,fNrKd UrS &Sr;f puúLcif;usi;f a&mif;cso&l rS ;f wkid ;f &if;om;trsKd ;orD; jrpnf wpfOD;uajymonf/

2726a,mufvdkYa&;xm;w,f/ tJ'Dta&twGufudkaygif;Munfh awmh (2284)a,mufy&J w dS ,f/ 442a,mufavsmah ewmawGUw,f}}/ ]]aemuf tJ'ED pS rf mS yJ uaemifrif;om;awmfae&mrSm uRe;f ndK rif;om;r[kwfawmhbJ uRef;ñGefYrif;om;vdkYawGU&jyefw,f/ ausmufpmESpcf syf tJ'v D u kd v JG aJG ewmawG&w dS ,f}}[k,if;uqdo k nf/ tqdyk guGv J rJG rI sm;udk trSejf zpfap&eftwGuf tjrefq;kH jyKjyif oifah Mumif;ESihf orkid ;f 0goem&Si?f okawoDEiS phf may0goem&Sirf sm; trsm;qH;k vma&mufavhvmrI&o dS jzifh trSeaf zmfxw k f urÁn;f rSwf wrf;wif&efvt kd yfaMumif; vufawGUoGm;a&mufavhvmMunf½h o I l atmifjrihfjrifh(ppfudkif;) wpfOD;u oHk;oyfajymMum;onf/

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7

NrKd UuyJavSmzf ?kd yJaMumfz?kd tjcm;taMumftavSmv f yk if ef;ydik &f iS af wG eJY rkefY[if;cg;zwfvkyfief;&SifawG trsm;qHk;0,f,lMuygw,f/ NyD; cJw h hJ 2010ckEpS f rk;d &moDrmS xif;um;wpfp;D udu k syf 5aomif;? usyf 6aomif;0ef;usiaf ps;EIe;f &Scd yhJ gw,f/ 'DEpS rf ;dk &moDrmS xif;um;wpf pD;udk usyf 7aomif;uae usyf 8aomif;txd aps;EIef;jrifhwufcJh ygw,f}}[k pukNrdKUay:rSrkefY[if;cg;zwfvkyfief;&SifwpfOD;uajym onf/ ,cktcg udik ;f awmBu;D ? udik ;f awmav;? a&Trak wåm? tifyif vSaus;&GmwdrYk x S if;vSn;f rsm;vma&mufa&mif;csvsu&f &dS mwpfpnf; vQif 4acsmif;ygvSnf;xif;10pnf;vQifusyf500rS1000usyf ausmfvGifOD; 0ef;usifaps;EIef;jzifha&mif;csaMumif;od&onf/

June- 8 to 14 -2011

oifaehpOfrvdt k yfbJ oMum;b,favmufrsm;rsm; pm;rdaeNyv D J

8 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

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Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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bl;/ *sme,fwpfapmifrSm a& &Snf&yfwnfzdkY aMumfjimawG xnfah e&ygw,fqw kd hJ cH,cl suf udkrBudKufbl;/ jynfolawG&JU *vdb k ,facwfBu;D xJrmS qdak wmh Ekid if w H uma&;&mtcef;u@udk vnf; csefxm;vdkYrjzpfbl;/ Ekdif iHwumowif;udt k xif&mS ;qHk aemufq;kH &owif;awGuv kd nf; vufO;D rI&,lxnfo h ifyh gw,f/ Oyrm-bifvm'if? u'gzD? *syef ivsif? qlemrDpwJhowif;rsdK; awGaygh/ aemufxl;qef;tHhMo zG,af umif;wJo h wif;"mwfyrkH sKd ;? &Sm;yg;"mwfyrkH sKd ;awGuv kd nf; pl; prf;&SmazGxnfo h ifw h maygh/ azsmfajza&;u@qdkwm vnf; wpfaxmifhwpfae&mu xnfhay;oifhw,f/ jynfolcspf wJh tEkynmonfawG&UJ vIy&f mS ; rIykH&dyfawGudk azmfjyay;oifhyg w,f/ ½kyaf jymifumwGe;f o½kyf azmfu@rSmvnf; pma&mt ½kyaf &m wu,fxrd w d u hJ mwGe;f rsdK;? pmrJhumwGef;rsdK;? acwfeJY pepfudkoa&mfxm;wJhumwGef; awGukd ydNk y;D oabmusygw,f/ a0zefa&;u@udv k nf;(apwem tjynfheJY) a0zefazmfjyay;oifh ygw,f/ *sme,fowif;rD', D m orm;qdkwm trsm;tusdK;jyK trSew f &m;bufu&yfwnf&&J r,f/ pD;yGm;a&;qefqefajrm§ uf vH;k ? yifv h ;kH awGeYJ ]]ausmaf tmif nmay;wmrsKd ;awG rvkyrf yd gap eJY? rBudKuf&ifrBudKufbl;;? r aumif;&ifraumif;bl;?tmCm w yk*Kd¾ vpf rJG yg tpGu J if;uif;eJY tawG;&J? ta&;&Jjywfjywfom; om;qH;k jzwfNy;D jynfojl ynfom; rsm;\ aumif;usdK;twGuf? t pd;k &\aumif;usKd ;twGuf tpd;k &\ aumif;usdK;twGuf tjyK oabmeJYa0zefa&;om;azmfjy ay;EkdifMuygapvdkY uRefawmf&JU jzKwfOD;aESmufuav;eJY ÓPf rDoavmufajzMum;ay;vdu k &f ygw,f/ a&Tvrf;aiGvrf;0if;Munf

tckqdk&if y&dowfawGu olr&JUtrltEGJUawGudk BudKufESpf oufvmwJhtwGuf ½kyf&Sifum;BuD;awGrSmvnf; yg0if½dkuful;cGifh awG&&Sv d mcJw h ,f/ aMumfjimawGrmS vnf; olr&JUtrdu k pf m;yH&k yd af wG r½dk;atmifudk pGJaqmifrI&SdpGm jrifawGUae&jyefw,f/ olrqdkwJh rkd; a[udkqdkwm tGefvkdif;ay:uyHk&dyfawGeJY y&dowfawGtmum; a& yef;pm;vmwJh rif;orD;wpfa,mufyg/ tjyifyef;½kyftvSompdwf 0ifpm;wwfNyD; jyifyA[kokweJYqkdifwJh olrtxiftjrifav;udk tar;tajzvkyfwkef;rSmodcJh&ygw,f/ aMumfjimawG ½kyf&SifZmwf um;awGrSm tawGUrsm;vmwJh rkd;a[udk vwfwavmbmawGvIyf &Sm;aew,fqdkwm ar;jref;Munfhawmh.... ]]ud, k |hf maeud, k }f }qdw k hJ ½kyf &SiZf mwfum;Bu;D ½kuaf eygw,f/ tckaemufykdif; um;BuD;awGtawmf½kdufvm&w,f/ um;BuD;awG ½dkufvm&wJhtay:rSm udk,fhudk,fudkb,fvdkrSroHk;oyfwwfbl;/ 'Dvdkar;cGef;rsdK;udkvnf;rajzwwfbl;/ udk,fhudk,fudk tEkynm&Sif wpfa,muftaejzifh &yfwnfr,fqu kd wnf;u ,HMk unfrh t I jynfh t0&Sw d ,f/ taumif;qH;k jzpfatmifBuKd ;pm;r,fqw kd phJ w d ef YJ tvkyf vkycf yhJ gw,fvYkd olr&JU&yfwnfcsuef yYJ wfoufNy;D ajzMum;cJyh gw,f/ tckwavmrSm c&D;oGm;p&mr&Sv d Ykd &efuek rf mS yJ ½du k u f ;l a&;awGvyk f aeygw,f/ udk,fh|maeudk,fqdkwJhum;u [mozefpDum;jzpfNyD; cefpY nfo?l xGe;f xGe;f ? ausmaf usmAf ?kd rd;k jynfjh ynfah rmifwyYkd g0ifo½kyf aqmifxm;Muygw,f/

June- 8 to 14 -2011

10 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27 wpf&ufu oli,fcsi;f tdrf rvGrf;paumif; vGrfpaumif; udk reufydkif;tvkyfudpöeJY0if vdu k af wmh olwt Ykd rd u f uav; awGausmif;oGm;cgeD;eJw Y u dk q f idk f aeygw,f/ olt Y rsKd ;orD;u u av;av;a,mufukd wpfa,muf udk wpfaxmifpx D w k af y;ygw,f/ uRefawmfuar;Munfhawmh tJ 'Dwpfaxmifu reufpm&,f ausmif;a&mufawmh rkepYf m;qif; &ifpm;zd&Yk ,fvaYkd jymygw,f/ ol wdkYuav;awG toD;oD;xGuf oGm;MuwmawGUawmh uReaf wmfh pdwfxJrSm tdrfuay;vdkufwJh rkezYf ;kd eJb Y mrsm;0,fpm;MurvJvYkd awG;rdawmh i,fi,futdrfrSm reufqdk&if armifESrwpfawG tbGm;auR;whJreufpmudk wdk; wd;k acGUacGU odu k o f u kd 0f ef;0ef;pm; uk d a yguf ( rEÅ a v;) cJMh uwmudk jyefvo Ykd wd&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYi,fi,fu reuf d af wGnpfygw,f/ t ausmif;awmifbufrmS aewJ[ h Ed L´ pmtwGuf rkefYzdk;ray;ygbl;/ pm;&vdpYk w ck a wmh v nf ; tJ ' D x rif ; aM u mf rd o m;pk a wG & J U ½d k ; &mrk e f Y j zpf wJh ausmif;roGm;cif tdru f yJtNy;D Ykd ac:(wd&k n S )f uReaf wmf pm;oGm;&ygw,f/ reufqdk&if udkvGrf;ygw,f/ wpfcgwav olwt awmh v J tzG m ;uyJ j y K w e f e Y J j H y m; wd Y k tac:(a':q,f rek )Yf ud0k ,f trsm;tm;jzifh xrif;aMumfpm; &wmrsm;ygw,f/ tzGm;ureuf udkauR;ygw,f/ eHjym;uawmh auR;wwfygw,f/ tJ'DrkefYu JG rf;&ygw,f/ Ny;D &if awmhqefrek u Yf u kd sw d Nf y;D azsmx f m; tapmBuD;x qGrf;avmif;zdkY wpf0ufycJ w yJ j y K w u f q k d q D rf ; N y ; D yef ; uef a v; wJ h t &nf u d k rk e f Y y sm;ovuf xrif;csuyf gw,f/ qGr;f avmif; zdzYk ,fNy;D &if usew f mudw k pftrd f awGeYJ tnDtrQxnfah y;ygw,f/ a&yg;vdk tk;d uif;ay:rSm uRwf f nf aeatmifvyk x f m;wJrh ek yYf g/ olY vHk;pm;zdkYxrif;aMumfygw,f/ wpfcgwavus&if yJjyKwo J if;&,f?refusn;f oD;eJY yl'D ',ft;kd xJukd qDenf;enf;xnfh ykPÖm;rBuD;qDu icsdwfaygif; udyk [ f ,fjym;zd;k 0,fauR;yg em&Gufudk a&maxmif;xm;wJh qDusuf&ifeEGif;rIefUygavum eJyY jJ yKwq w,f / tJ 'Dwkef;upm;&wJh yJ tcsOf&,f? rwfyJudkusdwfNyD; xnfNh y;D &ifMuufoeG ef eD nf;enf; xnfhygw,f/ MuufoGefeDenf; jyKwfuEl;El;tdtdeJYcsdKygw,f/ axmif;xm;wJhEkdY&nfeJYwdkYpm;& enf;av;EGrf;NyDqdkwmeJY iHjym tckacwfrSmawmh yJjyKwfudk ygw,f/ wpfa,mufwpfcsyf &nfenf;enf;eJaY ocsme,fxm; ryGyGatmifaqmf'gawGxnfh auR;ayr,fh b,fawmhrrS 0bl; wJx h rif;awGux kd nfv h Ykd ESaYH tmif awmh yJvHk;uawmhBuD;yg&JU/ vdkYpdwfxJrSmxifcJh&wJh ukvm; Yf pkd m; arTygw,f/ NyD;&if yJjyKwfawG aqmf'geHYua[mifaeaawmh rkeaYf v;yg/ (tck tJ'rD ek u xnfh enf;enf;av;arTNyD;&if pm;&wm zG,fw,fw,feJYt& csif&if 81vrf;? 27vrf;a'gifh u [dE´Lbk&m;ausmif;av;a&SU xrif;aMumfudka,mufreJYydae omr&Syd gbl;/ uRef a wmf w k d Y i ,f i ,f u rSmwpfqkdif? 30_31vrf;Mum;? atmifzNd y;D rD;at;at;av;ay: wif/ tzH;k tkyaf y;xm;ygw,f/ usKH ;ab;taemufbufjcrf; t 83vrf;uwpfqkdif vufcsfrD; aemufvufzuf&nfqidk u f 0,f ckatmfwzkd ek ;f ½H;k ae&mu oHZum xrif;qkdif&,f 32vrf;? 82_ vmwJhvufzuf&nfudk tdrf awGxm;ygw,f/ awmifzuf 83vrf;Mum;u xrif;qkdif(ol a&muf&ifoMum;?EkdYqD?a&aEG; jcrf;uawmh w,fvDzkef;vkdif; uvnf;vufcsrf ;D xrif;qkid yf )J xyf a &mvd k Y rD ; at;at; BudK;qif&mrSmtoHk;jyKwJh oHwdk awGrSm&Ekdifygw,f/ pm;csif ay:rSmwifxm;ygw,f/ uRef r,feawGxm;wJhae&mjzpfNyD; aomrdwfaqGrsm;twGufñTef D idk rf sm;uaeNy;D awmfwt Ykd yd , f mxNyq D &kd if armif ajrmufbufjcrf;uawmh wif; ay;wmyg/ tJ'q ESrwpfawG pm;yG0J ikd ;f Bu;D rSmxkid f epfabmvH;k uGi;f (ajreDuiG ;f )jzpf uRefawmf aMumfjimc,lrxm; vdkY xrif;wpfyef;uef&,f? a& ygw,f/ tJ'DuGif;&SdwJhajrmuf ygbl;aemf)/ ausmif;ydw&f ufrsm;rSmqdk aEG;a&mxm;wJv h ufzuf&nft bufa'gifah v;rSm tysKd Bu;D a': csKd wpfcu G pf u D kd cGw J rf;csay;xm; at;Munf&UJ taMumfqidk af v;&Sd &if nuwnf;u*sHKrIefYudke,f D id k af v;u aumuf xm;vdkY csygwDwdkYyl&DwdkYudk tdrf ygw,f/ xrif;aMumfay:rSmyJ ygw,f/ tJ'q jyKwfav;awGxyfjzL;ay;xm; n§if;aygif;eJYtaMumf0,fauR; wifvkyfNyD;tmvl;[if;eJYt0 S &f & vGr;f ygw,f/ xyfvdkcsifvJxnfhr ygw,f/ wpfcgw&HrSmawmh auR;ygw,f/ rSwrf w ay;ygbl;/ tzGm;vufo;kH pum; aumufn§if;aygif;eJYtaMumf p&mvdaYk jym&if i,fi,fwek ;f u vufzuf&nf0,f&if tdrfu uawmh ]]reufpmtqmajypm; 0,fauR;ygw,f/ wpfcgw&HrmS awmh tD M umauG ; wpf j crf ; eJ Y csdKifh,loGm;NyD;rS0,f? rkefY0,f wmudk t0tNyrJ pm;&bl;}}ygwJ/h tckvufzuf&nfqidk af wG vuf z uf & nf ? wpf c gwav w,fqdk&ifawmh rkefYudkqkdifu f iYkd u S af ysmzufwYkd tif rSmxkid &f if MumndKUeJeY ,fxm;wJh awmh rkeyYf sm;ovufteDBuKd uf Aef'g&Guw YJ nfah y;vdu k yf gw,f/ csKd tt D x D rif;aMumfupkd m;&awmh BuKd uf tjzLBuKd uBf uKd u?f BuKd uf zufweYkd x zuferYJ ek t Yf ylxw d t hJ cgxGuv f m tzGm;i,fi,fuaMumfauR;cJw h hJ wmwpfcsy/f tif r wef x ; l j c m;wJ a h eY r m S wJ h zuf o if ; eH Y u awmh &eH Y a rT; jrefrmxrif;aMumf0g0gav;udk t&rf;owd&ygw,f/ tJ'w D ek ;f awmh 82vrf;? 25-26vrf;Mum; arT;av;yg/ aemufawmh uRwf S ;kH awmfc&pfp,mefb&k m; uRwt f w d q f w kd may:vmawmh uawmh aeYwkdif;xrif;aMumfyJ a&TEv

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rEÅav;&JUzufeJYrkefYxkyfay;wJh ,Ofaus;rIuG,faysmufoGm;yg w,f/ zufuroefYbl;/ uRwf uRwftdwfu oefY&Sif;w,f/ o,fvv Ykd , G w f ,fayghav/ oH;k vku d Mf uwmwpfEidk if v H ;kH / (tck awmh uRwu f Rwt f w d u f urÇm ajrBu;D twGuf tEÅ&m,faumif jzpfaeygNyD/) i,fao;wJt h &G,w f ek ;f rSm aygh/ reufqdk&if tdrfuauR; wmyJpm;&ygw,f/ aemuf vl ysKd ayguft&G,af &mufawmh tdrf uauR;wmpm;&wmudk raus eyfEidk af wmhovdjk zpfvmygw,f/ reufrkd;vif;vdkY tzGm;u ]]udk ayguf xrif;aMumfpm;rSmvm;}} qd&k if ]][ift h if;}}cJrh w d mudk tck rSaemifwawG&rdygw,f/ vlysKd aygufa&mufawmh tzGm;auR; wmudkpm;&wmxuf tdrfu ydu k q f aH wmif;vdYk vufzuf&nf qkdifxkdif yJxw¬&meJYvufzuf &nfwpfcGufudk ydkvdkYESpfoufyg w,f/ aemufawmh wuúodkvf wufwJht&G,fa&mufawmh w ½kwfwef;aps;u NrD;&Snf'grSr [kwf 29vrf;u OD;pdefqDcsuf? vrf; 80ay:u &Sr;f acgufqu JG kd BuHKovdkpm;vmwwfygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u qDcsuf(*HsK)acguf qGJyGJao; 2usyf? tBuD; 3usyf? tcktao; 600usyf? tBuD; 800usyf? vufzuf&nfwpf cGuf xyfw¬&mwpfckwpfusyf (ausmif;xJrSmqkd jym;ig;q,f) tckvufzuf&nfwpfcu G f 200 usyf? xyfw&mwpfcsyf 250 usyf/ 1978 ckESpfuae 2010 tESpo f ;kH q,ftwGi;f wk;d wuf rIu tq 200? 300vdkYajym Ekid yf gw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY i,fi,fu ausmif;qif;vdt Yk rd jf yefw,fqkd &if tdru f tzGm;u pm;p&mrkeYf wpfrsKd ;xm;ay;ygw,f/ trsm; tm;jzifu h awmhrek yYf sm;ovuf vk?d bde;f rkev Yf ?kd rkev Yf ufaumuf vdk? yJuyfaMumfvdkjrefrmrkefYrsdK; awGrsm;ygw,f/ aemuf yJ'g; vSD;qdkwJh yJeJYvkyfxm;wJhrkefYudk aygufaygufqkyfwdkY ukvm;yJ rIefYeJYvkyfxm;wJh (tEkqkyf)vdkY ac:wJ h r k e f Y u d k a uR;wmrsm;yg w,f/ ajymif;zl;wdYk uefpeG ;f OwdYk ajryJwaYkd y:wJ&h moDq&kd ifawmh &moDay:toD;tESHudk jyKwfvdkY auR;ygw,f/ tyGiv hf if;qH;k ajym &&if i,fi,fwkef;utdrfu ydkufqHay;rudkifawmh tjyif qkid u f tpm;tpmudv k nf; tck acwfuav;rsm;vdk 0,frpm; wwfovdk rufvrJ rufcyhJ gbl;/ ukdayguf(rEÅav;)

&Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJY jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyfESifU awGYqHkyGJtcrf;tem; usKd i;f wHNk rKd Y üusi;f y &Sr;f jynfe,ftpd;k &tzGUJ ? jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf OD;p0fatmifjrwf ESifh usdKif;wHkNrdKUay:&Sd |meqkdif&mrsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaomvlrIa&; tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;awGUqHyk t JG crf;tem;udk usKd i;f wHNk rKd U? pnfyifom,m cef;rü 2011ckESpf? ar 8&uf? eHeuf 9em&Dtcsdefuusif;yjyKvkyf cJhaMumif;od&onf/ tcrf;tem;wGif usdKif;wHkc½dkiftkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;OD;vif;udkudku usKd i;f wHck ½dik \ f pD;yGm;a&;ESiv hf rl aI &;qkid &f m e,fpyfa'otajct aersm;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonf/ qufvufí &Sr;f jynfe,f(ta&SUydik ;f )pnfyifom,ma&;tzGUJ ? ñTeMf um;a&;rSL; OD;pdik ;f xGe;f xGe;f u usKd i;f wHNk rKd U? wk;d csUJ a&ay;a0a&; vkyif ef;\aqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;aerI aemufqt kH ajctaersm;udk &Si;f vif; wifjyonf/ ,if;aemuf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f m; usKd i;f wHNk rKd U?wd;k csUJ a&ay; a0a&;vkyif ef;rsm;aqmif&u G Ef idk &f eftwGuf tvSLaiGrsm;udv k LS 'gef; ay;tyfMu&m usKd i;f wHNk rKd Ue,fjynforl sm;vSL'gef;aiG 295ode;f tm; &yfuGuf 5tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL; OD;pdkif;vQdK;uvnf;aumif;? oDv"r® ukef;óausmif;wdkufq&mawmfb'´EÅaum0d'u vSL'gef;aiG 16 ode;f tm; usKd i;f wHNk rKd Ue,f tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;OD;a&Tarmifuvnf;aumif;? e*g;ESpfaumifowåKukrÜPDydkif&Sif OD;atmifcifuvSL'gef;aiG 10 odef;tm;vnf;aumif;? usdKif;wHkNrdKUwkd;csJUuGufopf 3ae OD;pdk;vGif u vSL'gef;aiG 13odef;udkvnf;aumif; toD;oD;o'¨gw&m;xuf oefpGmjzifh apwemtavsmufvSL'gef;ay;tyfcJhMu&m jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyfu vufcH&,lNyD; *kPfjyKrSwfwrf;vTmrsm;udkjyefvnf; cs;D jri§ ahf y;tyfco hJ nf/ xdaYk emuf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf tcrf;tem;odw Yk ufa&muf vmMuaom jynfe,f? c½dkif? NrdKUe,ftqifh |meqkdif&mrsm; NrdKUrd NrKd Uzrsm;tpd;k &r[kwaf om vlraI &;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;tm; ]]Ekid if aH wmf zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufrv I yk if ef;rsm;udk owfrw S pf nf;urf;abmifrsm;tvdu k f wdwu d susvu dk ef musio hf ;kH í pepfwus&&J 0J 0hH w hH ufnv D ufnBD uKd ; yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;Mu&ef ]]vrf;ñTeftrSmpum;rsm;udk >rufMum; EkdifEkdifatmifa0 cJhaMumif;od&onf/

June- 8 to 14 -2011

11 vlrsm;ESihf pwefavpum;ajym Mum;jcif;uyif aumif;pGmjyo avonf/ ]]cifAsm;wd[ Yk m ud, k hf tdrfeD;csif;vlrsdK;pkawGudk tNrJ wku d cf u kd af eMuovm;}}[k olu ar;onf/ ]]rwdu k yf g?uReaf wmf wdx Yk u J vli,fwpfcsKd U[m trJ vku d zf aYkd wmxJuo kd mG ;Muw,f/ olwdkYudk tdrfeD;csif;vlrsdK;pkawG u ½kwfw&uf0dkif;Muw,f/ 'D tcgrSm uRefawmfwdkYu olwdkY qDoGm;NyD;&ifqkdifMuw,f/ w zufzufu armyef;oGm;onf txd wdkufckdufMuw,f}}[kol wdkYujyefajym\/ urÇmvlrsdK;pk rsm; rMumcPtcsif;jzpfyGm; jcif;aMumifh wpfrsdK;ESifhwpfrsdK; rke;f wD;vmMuonf/ rausreyf jzpfum vufpm;acsvpkd w d af y: aygufvmMuonf/ odkYjzifh t csif;jzpfyGm;rIrsm;ydkrdkíwkd;yGm; vmonf/ þodkYtm;jzifh urÇm OD; awmvkdufrkqdk;rsdK;pkwdkYrSm wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;tvpfray;0Hh atmif&SdvmMuonf/ ¤if;wdkY taeESihf vlO;D a&uvnf;enf; í ypön;f ypö,rsm;uvnf; EGr;f yg;avaomaMumifh txl;ppf wyfrsm;zGUJ rxm;Ekid Mf uay/ rkq;dk wkdif;rSm ppfom;jzpfavonf/ xkdYaMumifh pHjyppfom;udk pHjy yk*¾dKvf[k ,lqMuavonf/ vli,frsm;udak MumufvefrY u I if; rJah om ppfom;rsm;jzpfvmatmif jyKvyk Nf y;D ppfonfw\ Ykd toa& udk&,lvdkaomqE´ay:ayguf vmatmif trsm;jynfolwdkYu tm;ay;Muonf[lí ajrmuf tar&d u tif ' D , ef ; wd k Y \ t aMumif;udk ]pul;u&yf}ua&; om;azmfjyxm;avonf/ olwYkd \bmoma&;yGJrsm;wGifvnf; þuJo h Ykd tcrf;tem;rsm;udk t om;ay;Muavonf/ xdaYk Mumifh olw\ Ykd ujyrItEkynmwGiv f nf; þtcsufudktm;ay;onfrSm tHMh ozG,&f mr[kwaf wmhygacs/ b0if;

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

tdrfuGif;tjzpfvufcHusif;yEkdifzdkh EkdifiHwumtqifhrDtm;upm;uGif;? abmvHk;tu,f'rDESifU {nf&U yd o f mrsm;wnfaqmufaeonfU

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rauG;NrKd U? ta0&mvrf;ESijhf ynfawmfomvrf;axmifw h iG w f nf &Sad om wkid ;f a'oBu;D tm;upm;uGi;f tm; Magway FC abmvH;k toif;rSEpS (f 30)tiSm;pmcsKyjf zifih mS ;&rf;um tqifjh rifah vhusiahf &; uGif;tjzpf jyifqifrGrf;rHwnfaqmufrnfjzpfaMumif;od&onf/ Magway FC abmvHk;toif;½Hk;zGifhyGJtcrf;tem;udk tqdkyg uGif;twGif;ü arv 28&uf eHeuf 10em&DwGif qdkif;bkwfwifí zGiv hf pS cf NhJ y;D OD;oef;xGe;f u ½H;k tzGUJ rSL;tjzpfwm0ef,al qmif&u G rf nf jzpfaMumif;od&onf/ Magway FC abmvH;k toif;tm;upmuGi;f abmvH;k tu,f 'rDESifh {nfh&dyfomrsm;udk NrdKUa&Smifvrf;? uGefysLwmwuúodkvfESifh av,mOfuGif;a[mif;\Mum;wGif Asia World ukrÜPDrSwm0ef,l wnfaqmufvsuf&SdNyD; tus,ft0ef;rSm (49.17){u&Sdonf/ tm;upm;uGif;BuD;wnfaqmufNyD;pD;ygu jrefrmae&Sife,f vd*(f MNL)abmvH;k NyKd iyf w JG iG M f agway FCtoifEiS , hf OS Nf yKd iu f pm; rnft h rd u f iG ;f yGpJ Ofrsm;tm; vufcu H si;f yEkid af wmhrnfjzpfí a'ocH abmvHk;0goem&Sifrsm;taejzifharQmfvifhapmifhpm;vsuf&SdaMumif; aejcnf(rauG;) od&&dS onf/

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&if;om;rsm;rSm orÁmeform; tuuMu\/ e,l;ZDvefwkdif; &if;om;wdkYrSm avSavSmftu uwwfMuonf/ þtuwdrYk mS ukefxkwfvkyfyHkudk jyojcif;jzpf onf/ ¤if;tursm;rSm urÇmOD; tEkynmtvkyfESifh ukefxkwf vkyfrItvkyftMum;qufpyfyHk jy oaom rSwfom;zG,f&merl emrsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf rsm;pGm *½kjyKoifhayonf/ odkYaomf vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;taeESifh ¤if;wdEYk iS t hf nDay:aygufvmjcif; rS m vnf ; obm0yif j zpf a y onf/ urÇmOD;rkqdk;rsm;tzdkY? ¤if;wd\ Yk toufarG;0rf;aMumif; rkq;kd b0tajctaersm;aMumifh (0g)rkqdk;vdkufjcif;rS&&Sdaom ypön;f onf rvHrk avmuf&jdS cif; aMumifh þuJhodkYaom tzGJUt pnf;rsm;rus,jf yefEY idk af y/ ]]t wlwuGc&D;oGm;olw\ Ykd ta&t wGufrS &moDESifh&moDwGifay: aygufaomtpm;tpmwd\ Yk t ay:wGif tBuD;tus,ftrSDjyK onf}}[lí Mopaw;vswkdif; &if;om;rsm;ESiyhf wfoufNy;D tkid f a&;ua&;om;xm;onf/ odkY aomf a,bl,stm;jzifq h v kd Qif

Mopaw;vswidk ;f &if;om;rsm;ESihf ywfoufNy;D tkid af &;ua&;om; xm;onf/ odkYaomf a,bl,s tm;jzifhqdkvQif Mopaw;vs wkdif;&if;om;vlodkufwGif c&D; oGm;&mü (50)xufrydkay/ zd vpfyikd u f Re;f wGif ]atwD}vlrsKd ; pkwdkYrSm xdkodkYoGm;&mü vlOD;a& (20? 30)xufrydak y/ tmz&du awmifyikd ;f wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pk tdraf xmifp(k 20? 30)omyg0if \/ blwdk*lwdkvlpkrSmrl trsm; qHk;wpfa&mavmufomyg0if onf/ tdraf xmifp(k 40)odrY k [kwf vlOD;a&(200)yg0ifaomc&D; oGm;wpfou kd rf mS ajymyavmuf atmif t&G,frpm;rBuD;ay/ þuJo h t Ykd ajctaersm;aMumifh vGwfvyfaomurÇmOD; rkqdk;t odu k t f 0ef;rsm;rSm wpfcEk pS w f pf ck rMumcPcdu k &f efjzpfymG ;wwf avonf/ ]wD-0wfZ}f \tqdt k & ajrmuftar&durS &uftif 'D,ef;vlrsdK;pkwdkYtcsif;csif;jzpf yGm;aom ppfyGJrSm trJvdkuf&ef e,fajrvlru I pd t ö wGuf jzpfay onf/ þuJhodkY ppfrufrsm;jzpf yGm;vmyHkrsm;udk tmz&dut v,fydkif; eD*½dk;vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;rS

rEåav;yef;csD?yef;ykausmif;\ pkaygif;yef;csDjyyGJusif;yrnf rEÅav;yef;cs?D yef;ykausmif;rS yef;csq D &mrsm;ESiyhf ef;cs0D goem &Sirf sm;\ pkaygif;yef;csyD u JG kd 15.6.2011rS 19.6.2011aeYtxd rEÅav;jywku d Ef iS phf mMunfw h u dk cf ef;rwGif jyKvyk rf nft h aMumif; pm e,fZif;&Sif;vif;yGJudk 27.5.2011&ufaeYwGif usif;yjyKvkyfcJh aMumif;od&onf/ jyyGJjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf yef;csD0goem&Sif udkrsdK;oufrSwm 0ef,laqmif&Gufay;NyD; yef;csDq&mBuD;(11)OD;\yef;csDum;rsm;udk jyoa&mif;csoGm;rSmjzpfygonf/ tjrifudk,fpD qdkonfh acgif;pOf atmufrSa&;qGJxm;aom yef;csDq&mBuD;rsm;\ tjrifcsif;rwlnD

aomyef;csu D m;rsm;pGmudk cHpm;Munf½h &I rSmjzpfonf/ rEÅav;yef;cs?D yef;ykausmif;wGif arvESif Zlvidk v f rsm;wGif ausmif;om;opfrsm; ac:,lum rsdK;qufopfyef;csD? yef;ykynm&Sifrsm;udk ckESpfwef;rS pwifumausmif;oifcef;pmrsm;ESiyhf w l o JG if,al vhusiahf y;aeaMumif; rEÅav;yef;csyD ef;ykausmif;rSwm0ef&dS q&mBu;D rsm;rS &Si;f vif;ajym EGJUeDvm Mum;cJhaMumif;od&onf/

June- 8 to 14 -2011

12 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27 A'ifocD si;f vkaYd jym&rvm; rod/ toufBuD;awmh tcspf uvJ&G if usew f mawGukd cyfarh arh&,f/ tJ'v D adk rhwwfwt hJ xJ usrS ]]oleJYusrS wkdufwkdufqkdif qkid }f }nnf;&rvm;rod/ arv 1 aeY naeydkif; &GmwJhrdk;uajym&&if Mocsp&m aumif;avmufatmifrkef;p&m Bu;D / ESppf Ofvv kd kd aq;½Hv k rf;qHk rSm a&vQHwm tm;vHk; tod? qkid u f ,fawGweG ;f ? a&vQaH ewJh tcdu k t f wef?Y vlxx l rl mS wyGrf yGr[ f eG ;f oHay;? a&xJjzwfarmif; aomum;awGpuf&yf? ulygOD;As wGe;f ay;ygOD;? wpmpmeJY i,foH ygaom oHpOfawG om;pdk;wdkY? a*smuf*sufwdkY? MuufzwdkYMum; od&&if oDcsi;f vkyq f ykd pf&ifcuf &csn&hf UJ / tcdkuftwefYav; &GmwJh tnmrdk;qdkwm ESpfwkdif;xuf tvGe?f &Gmopf&yfuu G &f UJ awmif ydik ;f ? 14vrf;? 15vrf;? 16vrf; wdkY[m rae&Jayr,fh a&xJrSm rdk;umvuawmh rcspfaomf vnf; atmifu h merf;&wmyJav/ wrd;k aumif;?wpfacsmif;pD; qdkaomfjim;vnf; pmtkyfxJu vrf;awGtjynfh a&pD; a&vm aumif;ykHu tm;uscsifp&m/ wu,fajymwmyg/ olYt&yfeJY olYZmwf&Sdaeawmhum vmrnfh tywfxd wdk;csJUwdkYrsm; ]ypfvdkY &&? 0kef;vdkY&&} awmifBuD;NrdKU at;om,mpufrZI ek u f xkww f hJ ]]vdkufx&yf}}um;0,frpD;bl;/ wpfcsufckwf ESpfcsufjywf t a&SUawmiftm&Sq;D *dr;f avSavSmf NyKd iyf yJG g0ifNyKd iv f &Ykd atmif ]zdu k f bmavS}wpfpif;0,fxm;Ny;D ZGe?f Zlvdkif Mo*kwfavmuf txd tnmrk;d ud&k UJG apmif;vku d Of ;D r,f/ olwrYkd w Ykd wfEidk w f ,f/ 0uf em;&GufjymwJh ck acG;½l;a&m*g?

'Duaehtjzpfudk ajym&wmyg vGrf;xm;(rauG;) aemufawmhwpfrsdK;wdk;vdkY 'Dvl cufygw,fajymMuOD;r,f/ arG; xm;wmawGrsKd ;wke;f Ny;D oumv 1.5.2011aeY nae Shade pmay0dik ;f (24)Burd af jrmuf Forever qki d rf mS jyKvyk Nf y;D tjyef &Gm aomrk;d tm;ud;k eJY tdraf emufaz; aps;qkid af v;tcsed &f cdS u kd f vHv Yk pdkufNyD;wnfOD;rSyJ pdwful;eJY aygufjym;qGJxkwf? ajrmif;azmf NyD;oumv oMum;? ajymif;zl; yif? Al;? z½Hk? Muuf[if;cg;? c0J pwmawG pdkufxm;avawmh armifrif;BuD;om; udka&Trdk;u uqkefv jynfhaeYreufapmrSm rkd;u&Gmw,fqdk½Hkav;/ESpfywf ausmx f rd ;dk ur&Gm?avurwdu k f ylvu dk o f nfjh zpfjcif;?NcrH vH?k uif; rapmifw h wfwhJ ]]jzLjzLazG;}} acG; runnf;onf/ w tiftifeJY ausmuf a yguf v d k Y ao&jyef a&m/jyóemqdw k mtwH;k vku d f twpfvkduf a&mufwwfw,f qdkwm[kwfaeNyDvm;rod/ rSwrf w S &f & 18.5.2011 aeY reufyikd ;f tdro f o l ufxm; tm; 'kOuú|&S&d m Shade *sme,f ½H;k cGu J kd *sme,fomG ;0,fcikd ;f vdu k f w,f/ rk;d vif;&if owif;pmzwf csiaf om pmiwf? Ak'[ ¨ ;l aeYwidk ;f

*sme,f zwfcsifaom tiwf? tiwfwumhtiwfxJ rSm tJ'DtiwfESpfrsdK;u awmf awmf'u k a© y;wm iwfwmudx k yf Ny;D iwfatmifvyk yf u kH *sme,frS ra&mufao;wm*sme,fzdk;jyef ,lvmcJah ygh/ 'grS wpfaeYwm&JU reufyikd ;f Teawpfcu G ef YJ uGr;f ,m wpfxkyfawmh qGJvdkY&wmudk;/ 'gudrk ed ;f rvkyo f u l *sme,fz;kd BuKd ay;xm;cJo h wJah v/vkyyf u kH / rkd;ujywf? aeuyl? acG;u ao? oD;yifpm;yifawGurayguf? *sme,fua&mufrvm pOf;pm; Munfh b,favmufa'go i,f xdyaf y:a&mufoifo h vJqw kd m/ raeYureuf20.5.2011ydik ;f aqmif;arwåm&yf&Sd tpfudkjzpf ol udkatmif0if;tdrfudk cP oGm;pOf ShadeolBu;D bb0if; Munfa&mufvmaMumif; ]]atmif rSL;a0}} (09-73172593)xH zkef;jyefac:yg}}pmwdkav; vm ay;aMumif;udkjyefvmrS od& awmh aemufrS qufawmhr,f pdwu f ;l eJaY w;xm;Ny;D ]]abmhped YJ ajymvdkufwJh nDtpfudk 67 qdk wm[kwfvm;/ nDvnf;r[kwf bl;/ tpfudkvnf;r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifh xl;tdrfoifu

Shade

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y&dowfBuD;rsm;usef;rmMuygap/ obm0&moDOwkBu;D u vmeDnmjzpfaewmr[kwb f ;l / Avyf &moDOwkBuD;uvnf; vmeDnmyJ tif;ajym&&if at;a&Sma&Sm/ ukd,fwkdYAvyfwef;rSmawmh ZmwfjzKwfvkdufwJhZmwfq&mrSmvnf; aiGusefawG wef;vef; ac:ol&Sd&ifvnf; udk,fhaiGudkb,fvdk&ygh? aqmif&Guf&rsm;ae&if aiGay:oa&GUay:atmif ESpfcGJapmifhwef apmif/h ac:ol r&Sad o;wJZh mwform;b0rSmvnf; [efa&;jyNy;D &Sm azGqaJ ygh/ av;ujzL;wdu k ?f xef;wku d f rEÅav;NrKd Uay:rSm rk;d &dyn f Kd§ U waumif;? Mumn§y0f ef;usirf mS awmh rk;d &Gm&ifa&rsm;? wHwm;ysu?f 'gu &moDobm0 'Dpmudk uqkefvjynfhausmf 5rSma&;ygw,f/ &moDukefcgeD; jzpfysufMuwmawGudk jrifawGU&jyefawmh oHa0*yJ ,lomG ;&rSmvm;/ um;eJYZmwfwdkYjrifuGif; 'vdrehf AYJ vyfqw kd m tusKd ;wly;l aygif;aqmif&u G Mf u&wJo h al wG? wpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D aiGaMu;vkyif ef;rSerf eS u f efuefoabmjzLjzLaqmif &GuMf u&if; tqifajyMuolawGvnf;&So d ifo h avmuf&MdS uygw,f/ um;orm;zufu wm0efausygvsuf Zmwforsm;bufu wm0ef rausvdkY? rausEkdifvdkY rauscsifvdkY pojzifh pojzifh taMumif; awGuawmh 'DobifESpfrSm ESpfprSmvnf; BuHK&?Mum;&? ESpfuRwf cgeD;rSmvnf; BuHK&? Mum;&/ wrÜ0wD uy& um;0if;xJrSm Zmwf aowåmawGEiS &hf yfxm;wJh [du k m;uawmh [dZk mwf? [dv k jl zpfvw Ykd hJ qdv k m;/ um;cBu;D awGuse?f &ufcsed ;f awGay;? r&? pojzifph ojzifh um;eJYZmwfjyóemtcsdKU[m Zmwfqdk&if tiSm;rvkdufcsif? vdkuf jyef&ifvnf; aiGaMu;? aiGBuKd rsm;rsm;ay;& pojzifh pojzifh 'DEpS rf mS 'DvdkBuHK&w,fav/ 'DMum;xJ um;ykid x f u J b,fvb kd ,fvkd Zmwfy;dk 0ifw,frod bl;/ Zmwfxaxmifwm 2OD;&Sdw,f/ rESpfuaxmifwJh 2OD;teuf 1OD;uawmh tif; taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm(aiGaMu;udpö)eJY txJ a&mufaeqdkyJ/ usefwpfOD;uawmh qufaxmifr,fvdkYod&w,f/ um;orm;uvnf; olu Y m;cr&&if ypön;f tcsrcHb;l aygh/ 'guawmh udk,fwdkYavmu&JUpdwf rom,mp&mjrifuGif;yJ/ ZGwfrSZGwfvm; Zmwfq&m BudKufNyDqdkawmhvnf; ZGwfygyJvm;Asm/ a&Tpm&HrSm tdyfruf t& uwmqdkvm; a&Tref;BuD; 3n uw,f/ uqkefvjynfhausmf rSyJ rkd;uvnf; a&mufvmoudk;/ 2navmufu&rvG,f/ 25.

5.2011rSmawmhaeYyJG uay;w,fqykd /J a&Tref;Bu;D xJrmS 'DEpS yf gNy;D aemifESpf jrifhjrifhoef;axmifr,fh ]]atmifausmfol}}udk qE´awG&Sd wmaMumifh {&mtaemufuZmwfq&m[m ZGwfrSZGwf? vuf&Sd,l aiGukd 2qavsmyf gr,fqNkd y;D ajympmcsKyx f m;wJh Zmwfq&m jrifjh rifh oef;udkvnf;ajymowJh/ olBudKufwmudk;/ a&Tref;csrf;om Avmurnfhvrsm; acwfumvESiahf vsmn f pD mG aMu;aumif;aps;aumif;&&if Avm yGcJ iG rf sm;vnf;vufcrH nfjzpfaMumif;0gqd?k 0gacgif? awmfovif;v rsm;urnfjzpfaMumif; rEÅav; 02-76399 zke;f odq Yk ufo, G Ef idk yf g aMumif; pojzifh pojzifh a&Tref;csr;f om refae*smBu;D OD;atmif&edS f u Shade udkajymygw,f/ umvwpfc&k UJ a&pD;aMumif;oabmyJvm;/ y&dowfBuD; usef;rmMuygap/ AokefAefpuf

June- 8 to 14 -2011

rEåav;rSonf . . . rlq,f- erfUcrf; qD;*a&Y (Af)

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

rlq,fc&D;pOfukd q&mawmf p0fqck rf;\ESpf 50jynfh a&T&wk c&D;pOfudktaMumif;jyKí c&D; vrf;aMumif;udt k pjyKcMhJ uonf/ rEÅav;rSmuwnf;u rlq,f NrdKUupme,fZif;rdwfaqGrsm;? pmayrdwaf qGrsm;ESit hf wlawGUvdk onfuvnf;t"dutaMumif; wpf&yfyif/ rdrq d E´jynf0h cJyh g\/ rlq,fNrdKUu pme,fZif;tzGJU? ]arm0faejcnf}pmzwf0dkif;tzGJU rsm;\ aEG;axG;pGmazmfa&Gr?I pm ayorm;rsm;tay:av;pm;cspf cifru I tHrh cef;yif&adS wmhonf/ rEÅav;rSvmMuaom 12 a,muftyk pf u k kd rlq,fc½dik t f axGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;rSL; OD;rk;d [de;f \pDpOfay;rIESifh rlq,fem&Dpif ESihf reD;ra0; &dyo f maqmifwiG f wnf;cdkMuonf/ rdrdwdkY&dyfom aqmif0&efwmjyifyrSaeíwpf zufurf;rS w½kwjf ynfus,af cgif NrKd Uudt k xif;om;jrifae&onf/ &dyfomaexkdifrIudpötm;vHk;t wGuf q&modef;aZmf(a&TvDOD;) u OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKum vdk avao;r&S{d nfch MH uonf/ wpf &ufwGif q&modef;aZmf(a&TvD OD;)? q&mrsKd ;ckid (f rlq,f) wdEYk iS hf tv’myov’my pum;ajymMu &if; erfhcrf;bufudkoGm;csif onft h Mumif;udak jymrdMuonf/ rlq,frSaeíAifum;vkdif;awG &Sad Mumif;ajymjyMuovdk erfch rf; wGifrjzpfrae oGm;oihfonfh ae&mrsm;udck &D;ñTef tjzpfvrf; aMumif;qGaJ y;cJMh uonf/ rdrw d Ykd vnf; q&mawmfarG;aeYyu JG si;f ycsed t f wGi;f aeYwpf0uftcsed f udk rlq,frSerfhcrf;udkoGm;zdkYqHk; jzwfvu dk Mf uonf/ 2011ckEpS ?f ar 26&ufaeY? aeYcif;ydkif;wGif oGm;MuzdyYk if/ c&D;pOfñTefMum;rIxJwGif a'gufwmqD;*a&U(Af)\aq;½Hk onfvnf; wpfae&mtygt0if jzpfonf/ rdrw d Ykd a&mufc&hJ aom rlq,f? erfch rf;? us,af cgif? a&T vDc&D;pOfrsm;wGif a&;om;Mu& rnft h aMumif;t&mudprö sm;um; renf;vSacs/ bmoma&;? vlrI a&;? pD;yGm;a&;tp&Sdaom t axGaxGrsm; olu Y @ESio hf l wif jyoGm;&rnfhwm0efrsm; rdrdwdkY ycHk;ay:odkY wm0efwpf&yfjzpf vmcJhacsNyD[k rdrd,lqrdonf/ rlq,f-erfhcrf;vrf; arv 26&ufaeYu a0 oEÅ&mpwd;k zGiv hf pS v f LS 'gef;rIEiS hf q&mawmf\a&T&wkyGJcif;yHk&dyf rsm;rSww f rf;wif"mwfyrkH sm;½du k f ul;NyD;csdefwGif rlvupDpOfxm; onft h wkid ;f erfch rf; oGm;zdjYk yif qifMuawmhonf/ rdrdvkdaom tcsed Ef iS o hf mG ;vdo k nfah e&moGm;

Ekid &f ef Aifum;wpfp;D udt k oGm; tjyefiSm;oGm;zdkYpDpOfMuonf/ um;wpfp;D pmqdak omtcg q&m ewfarmufxeG ;f &Sed ?f q&matmif jrifhjrifh(ppfukdif;)? atmifoif; vdIifESifhrdrdwdkYrSm um;wpfpD;pm (4)OD;uGufwdjzpfae\/ wjcm; vdkufMurnfholrsm;rSm tajzr &/ wpfcsKd Uvnf; aeYcif;ydik ;f wGif usi;f yrnfh q&mawmfp0fqck rf; u a&T&wkyGJodkY <ua&mufvm aom q&mawmf oHCmawmf rsm;udk vSL'gef;rIudk rSwfwrf; "mwfy½kH u kd u f ;l Mu&OD;rnfr[kwf ygvm;/ odEYk iS hf vG,w f ed cf rf;awmif ajcrS oHk;bD;,mOf wpfpD;ay: wufum rlq,fem&DpifteD;odYk c&D;ESicf MhJ uawmh\/ em&Dpifem; rS rlq,f-erhcf rf;Aifum;wpfp;D udt k oGm;tjyef 40000usyEf iS hf aps;pum;ajymqdkum erfhcrf; odOYk ;D wnfc&D;a&SUqufNy;D oum v? pdik ;f qkid af rm0f\oDcsi;f av; xJu ]rlq,f-erfch rf;vrf;}qdw k hJ oDcsi;f av;Mum;a,mifaerd&if; rdrdwdkYwpfawG rlq,f-erhfcrf; vrf;ay:rSm...../ av;a,mufoGm;MuNyD; av;em&DMumerfhcrf;NrdKUudk vnfywfcJh rdrw d aYkd v;a,muf erfch rf; NrKd UvnfywfrrI mS tcsed t f m;jzifh av;em&Dom&Scd o hJ nf/ rlq,ferfch rf;c&D;rkid t f uGmrSm 18rkid rf Q om&Sí d a0;vSonf[rk qdEk idk /f vrf;wpfavQmufwiG f &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;0wfprkH sm;ud, k pf 0D wfqif í q&mawmfp0fqkcrf;\a&T& wkyGJawmfudkoGm;MuolawGu qkid u f ,fawG? oH;k bD;qkid u f ,f awGew YJ pfrsKd ; um;awGeu YJ wpfzkH rjywfatmifjrifawGUaeMu& onf/oGm;MuolawGuoGm;Mu NyD;? jyefvmMuolawGuvnf; wzGzJ yJG if/ erfch rf;NrKd UoGm;onfch &D;pOf wGifp,fvefY&Gmu tpfrawmf apmrGefvSa[mfeef;? a&ylprf;? erfch rf;NrKd Uv,fb&k m;Bu;D ? erfch rf; aps;;? erfch rf;NrKd UtvGeu f a&TvD jrpfuu kd ;l jzwf&wJBh uKd ;wHwm;wdYk ESifhtwl a&TvDjrpfuausmuf wHk;rsm;ESifh wnfaqmufxm; aom a'gufwm qD;*a&U(Af) aq;½Hu k v kd nf; a&mufc&hJ onf/ q&modef;aZmf(a&TvDOD;)ESifhq &mrsKd ;cdik (f rlq,f)wdYk ajymaom a'gufwmqD;*a&U(Af)aq;½ku H kd rdrdpdwfxJwGif zwfzl;ovdkvdk oHo,jzifh a0a00g;0g; jzpfae onf/ rEÅav;a&mufrS rdrdpm tkypf ifujkd yefz&G acsO;D awmhrnf/ a'gufwmqD;*a&UAfqdkwm rEÅav;a&mufonfEiS phf m

13

,m,De,fpyfjzwfoef;cGiv Uf ufrw S f tcsed w f t kd wGi;f &&So d jzifU rlq,f- us,facgifoGm;c&D;onfrsm; oGm;vmrItqifajy tkypf ifuzkd &G awmhonf/ rlq,f pmayrdwaf qGrsm;ñTe;f jyqdak om qD;*a&UAf aq;½Hk\ ukoa&; pepfaumif;rGerf EI iS hf aq;½Hw k nf aqmufrI xl;jcm;yHkrsm;\ t aMumif;udk aoaocsmcsmodvkd pdwfu jyif;ysvmcJhonf/ EGrf; aMuaeaom &D;'g;(pf)'dkif*suf pmtkyfwpftkyfudk pmtkyfyHkxJ rS awGUí Munhu f m &Smaerdjyef onf/ awGUcJh&avNyD/ (My Unforgettable Character by Sterling Seagrave) qd k a om

acgif;pOfEiS hf 1968ckEpS u f xkwf a0cJah om pmtkyf wpftyk yf if/ rEÅav;naps;wef;pmtkyfqkdif rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufarTaemufí &SmazGc?hJ pkaqmif;cJah omtusKd ; w&m;wpfcyk if/ y&[dwvkyfief; vkyfcsifvmwJhol jrefrmEkdifiH e,fpyfa'o rsm;wGif aq;omoemjyKtzGJU 0ifwpfOD;tjzpfaqmif&Gufae aom tkdif;&pftrsdK;om;q&m 0efwpfO;D &So d nf/ xko d rl mS a&m bwf[myg;jzpf\/ a&mbwf [myg;onf ydefydef ao;ao; cE¨mudk,fESifh jrifhaom t&yf&Sd onf/ wpfaeYwGif ]a&mbwf [myg;}onfq;D *a&UAf\rdbrsm; xHot Ykd vnfa&mufvmcJo h nf/ qD;*a&UAf\ rdbrsm; tdrfodkY

a&mufvmaomtcg yxrqH;k vkyfjyaom trlt,mrSm qD; *a&UAf twGuf tHhtm;oifhrI udkjzpfapcJo h nf/ xdt k rlt,m rSm OD;acgif;aZmufxkd;jzifh tkef; yifpu kd Nf y;D a&wpfzefcu G af omuf jyjcif;yifjzpf\/ xdt k vkyrf sKd ;rSm tMurf;cHEidk í f usm;opfrsm;udk ypfcwf owfjzwfaeMuaom em*wkdif;&if;om; vlrsdK;rsm;? rkqdk;rsm;ESifh twlaevQif þ tvkyrf sKd ; vkyw f wfEidk af Mumif; &Si;f jy\/ a&mbwf[m;yg; jyefomG ; aomtcg rsuv f ;kH jyL;jyL; tHMh o [efyefESifhvli,fav; a*smf'ef qD;*a&UAfu olYrcd iftm;jrefrm EkdifiHodkYoGm;a&mufíaq;om oemjyKq&m0efwpfO;D vkyaf wmh rnf[x k w k af zmfajymMum;cJ\ h / xdo k Ykd qH;k jzwfcsucf sum 1917 ckESpfü a*sm'efqD;*a&UAfonf bmvfwrD ;kd NrKd U&Sd *Reaf [mhyu f if; aq;ausmif;odkY wufa&mufcJh onf/ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif pwifcJh aom aq;omoemjyKtzGJU0if rsm;28 OD;rQ&cdS í hJ aq;omoem jyKvkyfief;rsm;udk1834 ckESpfrS pwifco hJ nf/tm;vH;k rSmtar&d uefbufywpfpf tDAef*sDvpf ({0Ha*vd) c&pf,mefbmom 0ifrsm;yifjzpfonf/ omaZmf a&SYwpfywfqufygOD;rnf

jrefrmEkdifiH rlq,fNrdKUESifh w½kwfEdkifiH us,facgifNrdKUe,fpyf ausmufwidk *f w d w f iG f w&m;0ifomG ;vmEkid &f eftwGuf ,m,De,fpyf jzwfoef;cGiv hf ufrw S &f ,l&&m? rlq,fbufro S mG ;vmolrsm;tae jzifh e,fpyfjzwefoef;cGiphf mtkyu f kd tcsed w f t kd wGi;f &&So d jzifh oGm; vmrItqifajyaMumif;od&onf/ us,af cgifomG ;rnfch &D;oGm;rsm;rSm e,fpyf*w d &f dS vufrw S &f ,l csifae&mwGif tvSnfhapmifhonfhtaejzifh wef;pDMu&NyD; tvSnfh ustcsed w f iG f oufqidk &f mvl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;rS wm0ef&0dS efxrf;xH rSwyf w kH ifjyo&onf/ xdpk Of uReyf sLwmjzif"h mwfy½kH u kd , f í l e,fpyf jzwfeoef;cGifhvufrSwfudk "mwfyHkESifhwuGxkwfay;&m yHkpHaMu; 1000usyfay;½Hkjzifh csufjcif;&&Sdohnf/ ,m,De,fpyfjzwfoef;cGifhvufrSwfwGif trnf? tztrnf? arG;ouú&mZf? vdi?f rSwyf w kH ifeyH gwfrsm;yg&SNd y;D cGijhf yKvufrw S ef yH gwf ESit hf wl aexkid cf iG u hf mvygowfrw S af y;onf/ e,fpyf,m,Djzwf oef;oGm;vmoltaejzifh wpfywftxd owfrSwfae&mrsm;wGif oGm;vmaexdkifcGifhjyKxm;&m trsm;pkrSm aeYjcif;jyefoGm;olom rsm;jym;aMumif;od&onf/ ]]uReaf wmfwu Ykd 'Dukd o&ufo;D um;eJv Y mwmyg/ 105rkid *f w d f rSm o&ufo;D a&mif;Ny;D ygNy/D w½kwjf ynfus,af cgif? a&Tvu D akd &muf wke;f a&mufcu kd o f mG ;vnfr,fqNkd y;D vmwmyg/ tdro f ;kH ? vlo;lH ukef ypön;f tenf;tusO;f vnf;0,fygr,f/ jrefrmaiGew YJ ½kw, f rG af iGukd rlq,faps;Bu;D em;uaiGvu JT ikd w f hJ trsKd ;orD;wpfO;D qDuvJvmwm yg/ wpf,rG u f kd jrefrmaiG 130usyef ;D yg;&ygw,f}}[k tr&yl&e,f rS o&ufoD;a&mif;vmolvli,fwpfOD;uajymonf/ jrpnf

June- 8 to 14 -2011

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OD;oef;OD;uaqmif&Gufonf/ ygarmu© c sKyf a 'guf w moef ; armif(oifMum;)ud, k w f idk w f uf a&muftm;ay;onf/ |metoD; oD;rS|merSL;rsm; q&m? q&mr rsm;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol rsm;pdwf0ifwpm;wufa&muf avhvmem;axmifMuonf/ pm a&;olu ygarmu©csKyfa'guf wmoef;armiftm; pma&;ol a&;om;xkwfa0aom (1)rdk; atmufajrjyifwefc;kd &Si(f okaw oeusr;f ) (2)y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'foif jy½Irw S ef nf;(q&mukid )f pmtkyf ESifh (3) tvSNydKiftEkdif& "r® ol&Jaumif;rsm; (aqmif;yg; aygif;csKyf) pmtkyfwdkYudk vuf aqmifay;onf/ tcrf;tem; tpDtpOfxx J nfu h mq&mud, k f wkdifvkdvm;pGmvufcH,lonf/ wuf a &muf v mMuol r sm;ud k awmh pma&;ol\]opömyef;rsm; yGifhvef;onfhyGJ} txl;aqmif; yg;udk "mwfyHk 19yHkjzifh a0a0 qmqm yg&S d a om SHADE JOURNAL ref;awmif&y dt f Ek ynm*sme,fuw kd pfapmifpv D uf aqmifay;onf/vkv d v dk m;vm; zwf½aI eMuonfuakd wGU&onf/ ynm&St d odik ;f t0dik ;f rSm qkid &f m ynm&yfrsm;ygonfph mtky?f pm apmif r sm;ay;&onf h t wG u f MunfE;l &ygonf/&olrsm;vnf; auseyfMuonf/ tcrf;tem;tpDtpOfwidk ;f aqmif&Guf&m q&mra':jrifh jrifhcdkifu ]]0de,yd#u *dvme 0w¬Kvm olemjyKpkjcif;qkdif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;udzk wfonf/ ed'gef;tjzpf *dvme0w¬K wGif 0de,yd#utaMumif;udk

a&S;OD;pGmazmfjyxm;onf/ yd# uwfawmfydkif;jcm;rIoabmudk vnf; tusOf;rQrdwfqufxm; onf/ olemjyKvkyfief;onf jrifh jrwfaomvkyif ef;jzpfaMumif;ESihf bk&m;? &[EÅm?olawmfaumif; rsm;cs;D rGr;f í ¤if;wdu Yk , kd w f idk f vl emrsm;jyKpak Mumif;udpk eH rlem,l p&mtjzpfwifjyxm;onf/ *dvme0w¬KtusO;f csKyu f kd pmud, k yf ikd ;f rSmazmfjyxm;onf/ ¤if;0w¬Kvm olemjyK*kPf&nf ig;yg;? olemrjyKxkdufolt*Fg ig;yg;? jyKpk&vG,faomt*Fgig; yg;ESihf jyKp&k cufaomolemt*Fg ig;yg;rsm;udkvnf; owdxm; zG,t f jzpftoD;oD;&Si;f jyonf/ ed*;kH csKyrf mS ½kyaf &m*g? pdwf a&m*gobm0rsm;ESifh,if;a&m *grsm;aysmufuif;atmifuko MuyHk? jrwfpGmbk&m;w&m;awmf rsm;u ½kyfa&m*gomru pdwf a&m*grsm;ygaysmufuif;EkdifyHk rsm;udkwifjyygonf/ pmwrf; &Siq f &mra':jrifjh rifch idk zf wfMum; NyD;aemufobmywdq&mBuD; OD;0xGe;f u pmwrf;ESiyhf wfouf íar;jref;aqG;aEG;Mu&efwdkuf wGef;onf/ tvGefaysmfp&m aumif;í ÓPfjzefYusufNyD; pum;ppfxkd;&aomtcsdefjzpf onf/ ar;ol? ajzolw\ Ykd ÓPf &nfÓPfaoG;udk yDjyifay:vGif aponf/ pum;ajymjcif;EIwpf rG ;f &nfyDoMunfjrrIudk azmfjy&m a&mufonf/ pmay avmu oabm t&ajym&vQif a&;ol? zwfoal qG;aEG;yGyJ ifjzpfonf/ ]]tar;EGm;ausmif;om;? tajzbk&m;avmif;}}qdak omfjim; vnf;pmwrf;ESifhEG,faomt aMumif;t&mrsm;udkom ar;& aomaMumifh y&rf;ywmrar;& bJ ynm&SifyDopGm pdwf0ifpm; zG,&f NdS y;D tusKd ;rsm;&mudo k mar; &onf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsm;? rdwfquf&Sif;vif;yGJrsm; wuf a&mufavhvmcGifh&olrsm; ar; jref;aqG;aEG;cGifh&olrsm; owd xm;zG,fjzpfygonf/ ar;jref; wwfjcif;onfyif ynm&Sifjzpf aMumif;azmfjyaeygonf/ xdkY aMumifh ajzwwfz&Ykd efomta&; BuD;onfr[kwfao;/ ar;jref; wwfzdkYvnf; t"duusaom aMumifh t&m&mudkpdwf0ifw pm; avhvmrSwfom;xm;oihf ygonf/ ygVd? ouúwESifhEG,faom bmoma&;ES i f h q uf p yf a om wpfcsKd Uar;cGe;f rsm;udk pma&;ol tm;ar;Muonf/ wu,fawmh pma&;olu avhvmem;axmif pmrsufESm(15)okdY

June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

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,leefjynfe,f a&TvDNrdKY vl0ifvlxGuf usef;rma&;OD;pD;|merS usef;rma&; ppfaq;cH&efowday;xm;

SHADE JOURNAL 201 Ph:09

1968

Room(A17S), 2nd Floor, 77thSt; Bet: 31st x32nd, Mandalay.

E-mail;tharzawmdt@gmail.com

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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17

June- 8 to 14 -2011

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rsKd ;jzpf\/ xdpk um;rsKd ;udk a&Smif MuOfí oPk0gp-El;nHhaom pum;odrfarGUaompum;? csdK omaompum;? ,Ofaus;aom pum;udak jymqdjk cif;onf aumif; aompum;jzpf\/ tESprf &S?d t usdK;r&Sdaompum;rsdK;udk oræyÜ vmy0gpm raumif;aompum; rsKd ;jzpf\/ xdpk um;rsKd ;udk a&Smif MuOfí tESpf&Sd? tusdK;&Sdaom pum;rsdK;udk ajymqdkjcif;onf aumif;aompum;jzpf\/ pum; t&mt*Fgav;wef[k o*gxm 0*¾oH,kwf okbmodwokwfü qd\ k / okbmodw0gpm-aumif; pGmajymqdk&\/ yd,0gpm-cspf zG,faompum;udkajymqdk&\/ opö0gpm-rSeu f efpmG ajymqd&k \/ "r®0gpm-obm0usí vku d ef m EkdifzG,f&Sdonfudk ajymqdk&\/ t*Fw k Kd¬ &yf gVd? yÍöuedygwf? 0gpm okwüf pum;t&mt*Fgig;wef [k rde\ Yf / tajctaetcsed t f cgMunfhíajym&\/ rSefuefpGm ajym&\/ ,Ofaus;odrfarGUpGm ajym&\/ tusKd ;&So d nfuakd jym &\/ arwåmpdwfESifhajym&\/ t*Fw k Kd¬ &yf gVd? yÍöuedygwf? 'kux ú mokwüf þodq Yk \ kd / o'´g w&m;ESifh pyfaompum;onf o'´gw&m;&Sad omoltwGuo f m aumif;aompum;jzpf\/ o'´g w&m;r&So d t l wGurf l raumif; aompum;jzpf\/ oDvESifhpyf aompum;onf oDv&Sdolt wGuo f maumif;aompum;jzpf \/ oDvr&SdaomoltwGufrl raumif;aom pum;jzpf\/ A[kow k ESiphf yfaompum;onf A[kow k &So d t l wGuo f maumif; aompum;jzpf\/ A[kow k r&Sd olESifhpyfaompum;onf A[k okwr&Sdol twGuf raumif; aompum;jzpf\/ tvSL'ge pm* ESiphf yfaompum;onf t vSL'gejyKol pm*orm;twGuf aumif;aompum;jzpf\/ 'ge

June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

0goemrygol rpä&d,orm;t wGurf l raumif;aompum;jzpf \/ tajymaumif;olwdkif; t aumif;ajymolrjzpfEidk o f uJo h Ykd taumif;ajymolwidk ;f vnf; t ajymaumif;olrjzpfEidk f qdo k nf udk awGU&ayrnf/ tajymaumif; wmvm;? taumif; ajymwm vm;qdkwmuawmh tvkyfu oufaojyayvdrhfrnf/ ynm ESifhpyfaompum;onf ynm&Sd oltwGufom aumif;aom pum;jzpf\/ ynmr&So d t l wGuf rlraumif;aompum;jzpf\/ pum;t&m t*Fgq,fyg; [kvnf; o½kyfjytbd"mwfü qd\ k / w&m;enf;vrf;usonf udo k majym&\/ twå0g'DtusKd ; &So d nfuo kd majym&\/ yd,0g'D cspzf , G af ompum;udo k m ajym &\/ rd[w d ykAb Á mPD-NyKH ;&Girf I a&SUxm;íajym&\/ rdwbmPD rwdkr&Snf? rydkrvGef csifhcsdefí ajym&\/ twk & d w 0g'D - t aqmwvQif r[kwfbJ rSefrSef ajym&\/ ayg&D-NrdKUBuD;olwdkY" avhxHk; toHk;tEIef;udk ,lí ajym&\/ 0do'0g'd-oefY&Sif; aocsm wdusjywfom;pGm ajym &\/ ygVdawmfqo kd nfrmS pum; ajymaomtcg aevm-tjypf uif;&\/ tjypf[o l nf pum; vHk;ryDojcif;? AvHk;AaxG;ajym jcif;? ayghayghvQHvQH ajymjcif;? tmav;vQmav; ajymjcif;p onfwjYkd zpf\/ wpfzufom;udk xdcu dk v f Qiv f nf; tjypf&\ dS / rd rdu, dk u f kd xdcu kd v f Qiv f nf; t jypf&Sd\/ pum;vHk;onfjrnf& \/ Munf&\/ yDo&\/ tpD t&D&Sd&\/ pum;awGtpDt&D rjzpf? [dak &muf onfa&mufqkd vQiv f nf; tjypfruif;? pum; vHk;wdkif;onf uPÖokcg-em; csrf;om&\/ em;csrf;omaom pum;rsdK;ajym&\/ [',*Frm tonf;pGJaom pum;rsdK;ajym wwf&\/ ayg&D-NrKd UBu;D oluo hJ Ykd El;nHo h rd af rGU&\/ A[kZeuEÅm vlwkdif;ESpfoufaompumrsdK; jzpf&\/ A[kZeremyg-vlwidk ;f jrwfEkd;aompum;rsdK;jzpf&\/ o½kyfjytbd"mefü pum;BuD; 10rsKd ;? pum;ajymqdek nf;Oya' BuD; 10rsdK;[líjyonf/ (1) a&ul;nmwifpum; vdk&mqdyfurf;udk a&nmu BuKd wifu;l rSa&mufouJo h Ykd rdrd vdk&ma&mufatmif BudKwifí pum;ydkYjzifhajymqdkjcif;/ (2) aumufyif&dwfvSD;pum; aumufyifuv kd ufwpfzufjzifh NrJNrHpGmqkyfukdifí wHpOfjzifht &if;u&dwfjzwfvQif vufwGif

&SdorQpyg;udk &ouJhodkY olqdk aompum;udk rdatmifzrf;udik f NyD;rS jywfpJatmifajymqkdjcif;/ (3) a&pD;azmifuefpum; vdktifqE´&SdorQaom t&m 0w¬KwdkYudk azmifwGif wifí jznf;n§i;f pGmqefwufomG ;vQif vdk&mudpöNyD;ouJhodkY ajcodrf;? acgif;ydu k ?f yrmyrnf;[yfpyfí NyD;jywfatmifajymjcif;/ (4) tkd;wefqefcyfpum; td;k ESiq hf efwef½x kH nfí h csuf vQif aumif;pGm usufESyfouJh odkY udk,fESifh*kPftifwef½Hk r ,kwfrvGefajymqdkjcif;/ (5) qefyGwfusnfayGUpum; usnfayGUjzifh tBudrfBudrft xyfxyf qDyw G v f Qif qDxu G í f rdrdvdk&mudpöNyD;ouJhodkY vdk&m udpNö y;D apjcif;iSm xdpk um;ukyd if txyfxyfajymqdkjcif;/ (6) qifa0SY&efa&Smifpum; qifuwd;k a0SzY v Ykd u kd v f Qif wdrf a&SmifzJaoG vGwf&mü ajy;vTJ umae&ouJhodkY udk,fhxHodkY a&mufvmrnfh pum;udk a&Smif vTJíajymqkdjcif;/ (7) awmifol,mckwfpum; awmifov l ,form;wdo Yk nf rdrw d w Ykd nfcw k rf nfv h ,f,majr uGufü a&S;OD;pGm csHKydwfaygif; EG,fopfyifwdkYudk ckwfxGif&Sif; vif;NyD;rSopfyifBuD;wdkYudk ckwf xGif;zdvSJouJhodkY pum;i,fudk ajymNyD;rS pum;BuD;udk zdpD;í ajymqdkjcif;/ (8) MuufqkyfcGyfypfpum; MuufcyG &f mü aemufqyk [ f ef jyKícGyo f mrS cGyyf pfouJo h Ykd olY pum;tvdo k v Ykd u kd w f efuvku d f í pD;omrSp;D vsuf Ny;D jywfatmif ajymqdkjcif;/ (9) a&ppfyrmpum; "r®u½dkPfac: a&ppfudka& wGiEf pS cf g a&jynfrh t S aygufukd ydwí f qG, J v l u dk v f Qif a&rxGuf Ekid o f uJo h Ykd olwpfyg;ajymqkcd iG hf r&atmifyw d q f í Ykd ajymqdjk cif;/ (10) pufwif armif;eif;pum; armif;eif;aomolonf wpf zufvu dk yf gwdr;f apmif;vGe;f vQif twifcufí rwdr;f rapmif;eif; &ouJhodkY [kwfonfjzpfap? r [kwo f nfjzpfaprwifrusajym qdjk cif;/ t&[Htp b*0gtqHk; bk&m;&Sif\*kPfawmfudk;yg;wdkY wGif eHygwfav;ü ok*w*kPf awmf[í l &So d nf/ ok*w*kPf awmftzGihf t|uxmü pum; ajcmufceG ;f vlüxGe;f [lípum; BuD;ajcmufrsdK;jyqdkonf/ (1)r[kwrf rSe?f tusKd ;r&S?d ol rBudKufaompum;/ (2)[kwfrSef? tusdK;r&Sd? olr

21

puúdef;wJapwDjrwfBuD;tm; pdefzl;awmfESifUiSufjrwfem;awmfwifvSL

rauG;wkid ;f a'oBu;D rif;bl;(puk)NrKd Ue,f rif;bl;NrKd Ue,fwiG ;f wnfxm;ud;k uG,v f su&f adS om Ak'o ¨ rkid ;f 0if &Siyf ifpuúed ;f wJapwD awmfjrwfBuD;tm; pdefzl;awmfESifhiSufjrwfem;awmfwifvSLylaZmfyGJ tcrf;tem;tm; aumZmouú&mZf(1377)ckEpS f uqkev f jynfah usmf (11)&uf? 2011ckESpf arv 28&uf? paeaeYreufydkif;wGifjyKvkyf cJhaMumif;od&onf/ tcrf;tem;tm; ]]earmwó}}oHk;Budrf&Gwfqdkí bk&m;uef awmhNyD; tcrf;tem;zGifhvSpfcJhygonf/ qufvufí q&mawmf t&Sio f rl wfrsm;xHrS ig;yg;oDvcH,al qmufwnfNy;D aemuf rauG; wkid ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &tzGUJ 0efBu;D csKyf OD;bke;f armfa&TrS &Siyf ifpuúed ;f wJ apwDawmfpdefzl;awmfjrwftm; qyfuyfvSL'gef;ívnf;aumif;? rauG;NrdKU avwyfpcef;|mecsKyf? |mecsKyfrSL;? AdkvfrSL;csKyfaZmfxGef; rS iSujf rwfem;awmftm;vnf;aumif;? vSLzG,yf pön;f tpkpw k t Ykd m; rauG;wkid ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &tzGUJ 0efBu;D csKyOf ;D bke;f armfa&TEiS Zhf eD;a': pef;pef;jrifw h rYkd v S nf;aumif;? rauG;NrKd Uavwyfpcef;|mecsKy?f |me csKyrf LS ; Adv k rf LS ;csKyaf ZmfxeG ;f rSvnf;aumif;? trSw(f 88)ajcjrefwyf rawmf|mecsKy?f wyfrrSL;Adv k rf LS ;Bu;D xGe;f xGe;f atmifrv S nf;aumif;? rauG;wkid ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &tzGUJ twGi;f a&;rSL;OD;jrifo h ed ;f wdrYk v S nf; aumif; qufuyfvSL'gef;ay;cJhMuaMumif;od&onf/ qufvufí q&mawmfrsm;rS y&dww f &m;awmfrsm;cs;D jri§ ahf y; jcif;? a&pufcstEkarm'emwma;wmfcs;D jri§ ahf y;jcif;rsm;jyKvyk Nf y;D ]]Ak'¨ omoeH pd&o H w d må wk}}oH;k Burd &f w G q f b kd &k m;uefawmhNy;D tcrf;tem; aumif;okw(rif;bl;) ud½k w k o f rd ;f cJah Mumif;od&onf/ BudKufaompum;/ rdeaYf wmfro l nf/ (3)[kwfrSef? tusdK;&Sd? olr EIwrf yl nm&yfonf vG,f BudKufaompum;/ ulaomynm&yfr[kwf? ajym (4)r[kwrf rSe?f tusKd ;r&S?d ol wwfqdkwwfzdkYonf vG,ful BudKufaompum;/ aomudprö [kw?f wcsKd Upmwwf?

(5)[kwfrSef? tusdK;r&Sd? ol ynmwwfaomfvnf; pum;udk BudKufaompum;/ wlww l efwefrajymwwf? ajym (6)[kwrf eS ?f tusKd ;&S?d olBuKd uf wwfqdkwwfolonf tenf;pk aompum;/ om jzpfaomaMumifh ]]tajym t|uxmq&mu ok*w tqkdwwfzdkYu t|r}}[k aus; *kPaf wmf\teuft"dygÜ ,fig; Zl;&Sif r[m*E¨m½Hq k &mawmfbk rsdK; zGifhjy&mwGif ok*awm- &m;Bu;D urdeaYf wmfrcl o hJ nf/ rSef aumif;aompum;udk qdkawmf ayonf/ wcsKd Uu raemaumif; rlwwfaom jrwfpGmbk&m; [l aomfvnf; tajymusraumif; aom teufwpfrsdK;yg&Sdonf/ jyef? wcsdKUu tajym aumif; ok*awmudk teuft"dyÜg,f onf/ raemu raumif;ay/ tjynfht0 tus,f tjyefY qdk tajymESirhf aemuwpfxyfwnf; &mwGif ]pum;ajcmufcGef;}vlü ruswmrsdK;&Sdwwfonf/ odkYqdk xGe;f vnf; usKd ;&S[ d ek rf eS ?f olem ygvQif... cHvdk? remvdk}[k xdkESpfcGef;om tajymaumif;olwikd ;f ? t aumif;pGmqdkawmfrlwwfaom aumif;ajymolrjzpfEidk o f uJo h Ykd jrwfpGmbk&m;[k teufjyefMu taumif;ajymolwidk ;f vnf; t onf/ bk&m;&Sio f nf [kwrf eS ?f ajymaumif;olrjzpfEidk q f o kd nf tusdK;&Sd? olBudKufaom pum; udk awGU&ayrnf/ tajymaumif; ESihf [kwrf eS ?f tusKd ;&S?d olrBuKd uf wmvm;? taumif;ajymwm aompum;ESprf sKd ;omqdak wmfrl vm;qdkwmawmh tvkyfuom wwfonf/ [kwfrSefvQif? t oufaoajyayvdrfhrnf/ pdkif;aZ,sm usKd ;&Sv d Qi?f olBuKd uo f nfjzpfap? olrBuKd uo f nfjzpfap bk&m;&Sif

June- 8 to 14 -2011

22 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27 ,cifwpfywfrS tquf uReaf wmft h jyKtrlu tawmfjyif;xefomG ;onf/ olr\rsuf 0ef;wdkY rD;[kef;[kef;awmufvdkufovm;xif&atmifyif &J&JeDoGm; cJo h nf/ uReaf wmfonf vufqjyif;aomtd;k cwform;wpfa,muf tk;d uGaJ v;udk ai;Munfah erdovdrk sKd ; olrtm;ai;Munfah erdonf/ ]]rif;..awmfawmfqkd;w,faumifav;/ rr&JU,HkMunfrIawG udkrif;zsufqD;ypf&ufw,faemf/ awmfygNyD...aemufrif;eJY... tckv.kd ...}} olr\toHonf wdr0f ifíoGm;cJo h nf/ olr\vufarmif;tk;d jzLjzLwkwfwkwfav;tm; uRefawmfvSrf;udkifvdkufonf/ uwkef u,ifjzpfaewmudk cHpm;od&Sdvdkuf&\/ olr uRefawmfhvufrS nifompGm½kef;xGufonf/ wGefYaMuaeaomt0wftpm;awGudk jyif0wfonf/ qHyifawG z½dzk &Jjzpfaewmudk qHny§ u f av;ESihf oyf oyf&yf&yfjyifny§ v f u dk \ f / aygufceJusvmaomrsu&f nfwpfpuf udk pufqyk o f vdk wpfcsuMf unfo h nf/ rsu&f nfpufyikd &f iS rf mS olr r[kwf? uRefawmfomjzpfonf/ ]]rif;...a,musmf ;r[kwb f ;l vm;/ bmvdiYk akd e&wmvJ/ igu idw k ahJ ,musmf ;awGurkd ek ;f w,f}}[ktpcsu D m uReaf wmfu h &kd efaxmif onf/ olr&efawxmifwmu rmefygvGe;f onf/ q&mOD;bke;f ("mwk) pmaya[majymaewmudk ai;Munfhae&ovdkcHpm;&ygonf/ vufawGajrm§ ufonf/ wufawGacgufonf/ uReaf wmfq h yH if awGuq kd aJG qmifo h nf/ uReaf wmf&h ifbwfukd olv Y ufo;D qkyEf Ek ak v; awGEiS hf tcsuaf ygif;rsm;pGmxkonf/ olr uReaf wmfu h x kd v k u kd w f idk ;f emonf/ olr0wfxm;aomvufaumufrsm;u wpfuGif;ESifhwpf uGi;f &efjzpfum wcRicf Rijf rnfMuonf/ olr&efaxmifítm;&aom tcg aeMumcif;xJwGif0Sufxm;aom zD;qifhpufbD;av;udkxkwf pD;um uav;NrKd UzufoaYkd qmift h ifah qmift h ifEh iS hf eif;jyefomG ;awmh onf/ uRefawmf olr\ausmjyiftm; jrifuGif;xJrSaysmufoGm; onftxd 0w¬KawGxJuvdkMunfhraecJhyg/ pkwfNyJoGm;aomykqdk; uav;udo k m 0rf;enf;pGmai;Munfah erdonf/ þykq;kd onf tazh ykq;kd av;jzpfonf/ tazrodatmifc;kd 0wfvmcJjh cif;jzpfonf/ uRef awmfonf tm;enf;aeaomvlrrmwpfa,mufuJhodkY cHpm;ae& avonf/ &ifawGwvSyv f yS Ef iS w hf ek af eonf/ uReaf wmfEiS o hf rl wd\ Yk uwkefu,ifvrf;cGJaywnf;/ xdkcP csif;awmifxdyfrSrkd;a&puf rsm;tNiK§d ;ESichf ek af ygufajy;qif;vmMu\/ uReaf wmfvufwef;uAsm wpfyk'fjzifh qJvdkufonf/ tndKa&mif bmaumifrkdY &GmovJ/ &ifxrJ mS rk;d xufonf;w,f (----)vkdrSyJ/ /

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

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Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

Red Horse Industrial Grop 24 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

rlq,fNrdKYwGif yxrqHk; Myanmar International Education Centre (MIEC)ynmh&dyfomzGifhvSpf

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

26 Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

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June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27

27

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vSayonf/ (4)olwpfyg;csr;f omjcif;? ½kyf &nfvyS jcif;? ausmaf Zmjcif; udk remvdkjzpfaomyk*¾dKvfwdkYonf jzpfav&mb0ü rdwfaqGtNcH t&H t&Sdeft0genf;yg;í xdk azmfjyygtcsufrsm;udk a&Smif MuOfaomolonf jzpfav&m b0ü rdwfaqG tNcHt&Hrsm;NyD; t&Sed Mf oZmBu;D rm;ayonf/ xdYk aMumifh rdr\ d pum;udk om;orD; nDtpfudkarmifESr? oli,fcsif; rdwfaqG? wynfhrsm;u em;r axmifvQif þtcsufudkvdkuf emusifhoHk;ygav/ (5) olwpfyg;wdkYtm; txl; ojzifh oDv? orm"d? ynmoHk; yg;jzifjh ynfph akH omtvSLcHy*k Kd¾ vf wdt Yk m; wpfpw kH pfcak omypön;f udkrQray;vSLaomyk*¾dKvfonf jzpfav&mb0ü qif;&Jíay;vSL pGefYBuJay;urf;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm; onf jzpfav&mb0ü csr;f om pGmae&ayonf/ (6) rdrdxuf toufBuD;ol udkvnf;aumif;? ynmBuD;rm; aomoludkvnf;aumif;? oDv &Sad omoluv kd nf;aumif; ½dak o av;pm;jcif;? qnf;uyfjcif;r&Sd bJ rmefrme axmifvTm;aom yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf jzpfav&mb0 ü trsKd ;,kwí f rdrx d uftouf aomfvnf;aumif;? ynmaomf vnf;aumif;? oDvaomfvnf; aumif;? BuD;rm;aomyk*¾dKvfwdkY

udk rmefrmeraxmifvmT ;bJrmef rmecsí ½dk;aoav;pm;aom yk*Kd¾ vo f nf jzpfav&mb0ü t rsKd ;jrwfaomb0üjzpf&ayonf/ (4) ynm&So d al wmfaumif;wdYk xHü b,ft&monf aumif; aomukov kd w f &m; b,fw&m; onf raumif;aomtukov kd f w&m;? b,ft&monfusio hf ;kH &rnfht&m? b,ft&monfr usio hf ;kH tyfaomw&m;? rnfoYkd aomt&monf tjypf&í dS rnf odaYk omt&monf tjypfr&Syd g oenf;ponfjzihf rdro d o d ifh od xku d o f nfw h &m;rsm;udk rpl;prf; ravhvm? rar;jref;raqG;aEG; rusifhoHk;aomyk*¾dKvfonf jzpf av&mb0ü ÓPfynmenf;yg; í xdkt&mrsm;udk ynm&Sdol awmfaumif;wdkYxHcsOf;uyfNyD; pl;prf;avhvmaqG;aEG;ar;jref; jcif;wdkYudk jyKvkyfaomolonf jzpfav&mb0ü ÓPfynmBu;D rm;ayonf/ txufygtcsut f vufrsm; udkod&SdNyD;NyDqkdvQif rdrdüaomf vnf;aumif;? wpfyg;aomol üvnf;aumif; xdktcsufrsm; xJu wpfcck ck sKd U,Gi;f vQiv f nf; aumif;? jynfph v kH Qiv f nf;aumif; wdkufqkdifMunfhygu rnfonfh tcsufaMumifhrnfuJhodkYjzpfae onf[k qef;ppfMunfhvdrfhrnf xifygonf/ xdkYaMumifhuREfkyf wdkYvlom;rsm;onf ,ckb0ü txufyg tcsufrsm;xJrS r aumif;aomtcsufrsm;jzpfae vQif aemufaemif b0rsm;ü rjzpf&avatmif ,ckuwnf; u a&SmifMuOfoifw h ma&SmifMuOf NyD; vkdufemusifhoHk;oifhwmudk

vku d ef musio hf ;kH &efvt kd yfvaS y onf/ owå0gwdkYonf uHom vQifrdrdOpöm&Sdukefonf/ uH\ tarGcw H jYkd zpfuek o f nf/ uHom vQif taMumif;&Su d ek o f nf/ uH omvQifaqGrsdK;&Sdukefonf/ uH omvQif rSDcdk&m&Sdukefonf/ uH omvQifowå0gwdkYudk t,kwf tjrwfponfwdkYcGJjcm;ízefwD; ay;ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh uREfkyf wdkYvlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\t But H pnf? tajymtqdk tvkyf tudik w f u Ykd kd aumif;aomt&m rsm;jzpfatmifBudK;pm;Mu&eft xl;vdktyfygayonf/ xdk rdrd BuHpnfrIajymqdkrIvkyfudkifrIwdkY onf aumif;vQifaumif;usdK; jzpfíaumif;usKd ;cHpm;&ayrnf/ raumif;vQif raumif;usKd ;jzpf í raumif;usKd ;udck pH m;Mu&ay rnf/ xdkYaMumifh rdrdonf rdrdukd,f udkcspfw,f? ESpfoufw,fqdk vQif tBut H pnf(raemuH)? t ajymtqd(k 0pDu)H ? tvkyt f udik f (um,uH)wdkYdukd aumif;aom t&mrsm;jzpfatmifvyk af qmif ay;zd&Yk efvt kd yfvaS yonf/ odrYk S omvQif rdru d , dk u f ckd sp&f ma&muf ayrnf/ vlom;tm;vHk; rdrd udk,fudkcspfEkdifMuygapvdkY qE´ jyKvsuf..../ (rZÑdredu,f? Oy&dyPÖmo ygVdawmf? 0db*F0*f? plVur®0d b*Fokwf) t&Sifaumrv (c) qefeDaerif; omoewuúoDv"r®mp&d, B.A (Buddhism) M.A (University of Kelaniya)

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q&meE´(r[mrdw)f •09-2038270 ZGefv 8 &ufaeYrS 14 &ufaeYtxd we*FaEG tvkyt f udik üf tajymif;tvJBuKH rnf/ wefz;kd Bu;D puf0if rnf/ rarQmfvifhbJ c&D;ay:rnf/ arwåma&;ü i,futcspf tESpfwpf&mrarhEkdifjzpfaernf/ tpdrf;a&mifjzifh uHjr§ihfyg/ usef;rm a&;aumif;rnf/ ,Mwm-'d0gwywd*gxm&Gwfyg/tusKd;ay;*Pef;0?7?2

wevFm tvkyt f udik üf i,fom;rsm; 'kua© y;rnf/ pufypön;f rsm; ysupf ;D wwfonf/ em&Dwpfv;kH vufaqmif&rnf/ use;f rma&; nHh\/ arwåma&;ü Mum;vlrsm;aMumifhpdwf½Iyf&rnf/ jzLazG; aomta&mif a&G;cs,fyg/ ,Mwm - naeydik ;f wGif acG;pma<u;yg/ tusKd ;ay;*Pef;9?2?6

t*Fg tvkyt f udik üf taESmift h ,Suaf y:rnf/ rdrx d ufBu;D uJ olrsm;\tultnD&rnf/ usef;rma&;tnHh&dSrnf/ arwåa&; ü vlBu;D wpfO;D aESmif, h u S w f wfonf/ r&rf;a&mifjzifh t&m&m udk tEdkif,lyg/ ,Mwm -bk&m;uvQyfppfrD;vSLyg/ tusKd;ay;*Pef; 4?5?8

Ak'[ ¨ ;l vkyif ef;ydik ;f wGif tnH&h rSd nf/ use;f rma&;csLcsmrnf/ ema&; c&D;oGm;&wwfonf/ rdwaf qGrsm;ESihf cG&J rnf/ arwåma&; Nird f oufrnf/ a&Ta&mif0wfqifyg/ usef;rma&;toifhtwifh&dS rnf/ ,Mwm - *Pef;a&;íbk&m;rD;ylaZmfyg/tusdK;ay;*Pef;2?4?7

Mumoyaw; tvkyt f udik af tmifjrifrnf/ vkyo f rQjzpfrnf/ trIwpfck BuKH wwfonf/ w&m;rQwrIjzifh t&m&mudt k Edik , f yl g/ use;f rm a&;ydkif;wGif rsufpdudk txl;*½kpdkufyg/ arwåma&;ü pdwf oabmxm; wlnaD omcspo f El iS hf BuKH rnf/teDa&mifaqmifyg/ ,Mwm - aiGaMu;tultnDay;yg/tusdK;ay;*Pef; 8?9?1

aomMum vkyif ef;ESpcf ck v JG yk &f íatmifjrifrnf/ aysmyf pJG m;c&D;xGu&f rnf/ use;f rma&;txl;aumif;rnf/ arwåma&;ü om,mat; csrf;rnf/ eDjzLpyfa&mifuawmh bkef;uHBuD;wJh ta&mifyg/ trnfaumif;owif;ausmfaZmrnf/ ,Mwm-bk&m;a&mifjcnfawmfr;D vSLyg/ tusKd;ay;*Pef;5?6?4

pae tvkyftudkifü tqifrajyrIrsm;wwfonf/ vufwGif tylavmifwwfonf/ pdwn f pfp&mc&D;oGm;&rnf/ use;f rma&; taejzifh tyluefaoma&m*gjzpfrnf/ arwåma&;ü tdrf axmif½kwfw&ufusrnf/ tjyma&mifjzifh wdk;wufrnf/ ,Mwm -bk&m;a&csrf;uyfvSLyg/ tusKd;ay;*Pef; 1?5?9

&m[k(Ak'[ ¨ ;l aeY rGe;f vGyJ ikd ;f arG;zGm;olrsm;) tvkyftudkiftxl;atmifjrifrnf/ twdkuftcHrsm;udk atmifjrifrnf/ bk&m;zl;c&D;xGuf&rnf/ usef;rma&; tvGef aumif;rnf/ arwåma&;ü om,mat;csr;f rnf/ teufa&mif jzifh wdkufcdkufrI[lorQudk atmifjrifonf/ ,Mwm-bk&m;ü qDrD;ylaZmfyg/ tusKd;ay;*Pef;3?8?1 uHaumif;rIawGeJU jyefvnfqHkawGUMuygap/ nandamaharmate@gmail.com

June- 8 to 14 -2011

Shade Journal Vol:5,No-27