yiran tao_869650_Studio Air_Final journal Part A + B + C by yiran tao

STUDIO AIR JUNE 2018 Yiran Tao 868650 Tutor Allan Burrows

CONTEX TS

INTRODUCTION / 04

PA R T A CO N C E P T UA L I S AT I O N / 8 PAR T B CR I T ER IA D E SI G N / 26 PAR T C

D E TA I L E D D E S I G N / 76

INTRODUCTION

My name is Tao yiran. I am 21 years old, born in Jiangsu Nanjing. My major is Architecture Design. I studied in University of Adelaide for two years and transferred to unimelb in Feb 2017. It's my third year of Environments degree. I am a native of nanjing. I spent all my school life before college in Nanjing. It is an old and dynamic city. I like the delicious food on the street with ancient architecture and the rows of sycamore trees. In autumn, the golden leaves fill the streets, and osmanthus give off pleasent smelling. In winter, the qinhuai river in the snow has a lasting appeal. Besides, there is my family, my parents and my dog in Nanjing. I don't have many hobbies. I am good at painting and designing of all my interest. The drawing on the right is drawn by myself. I'm quite interested in designing of all the aspects, including fashion design, graphic design and architecture design. My father is a architect as well.

PREVIOUS DESIGN

Design studio Earth in UniMelbourne

The design is adopted in winter of 2017. Now it is under construction.

Design studio 2 in Uni Adelaide

PA R T A

CO N C E P T UA L I S AT I O N A .1 D E S I G N F U T U R I N G / 10 P R E C E D E N T 01 / 10 P R E C E D E N T 0 2 / 12 A . 2 D E S I G N O M P U TAT I O N / 16 P R E C E D E N T 01 / 16 PRECEDENT 02 / 20 A . 3 CO M P O S I T I O N & G E N E R AT I O N / 18 P R E C E D E N T 01 / 18 PRECEDENT 02 / 20

A .1 D E S I G N F U T U R I N G

N AT I O N A L S TA D I U M PR E C E D E N T 01

"Speculative design thrives on imagination and aims to open up new perspectives, to create spaces for discussion and debate about alternative ways of being, and to inspire and encourage peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s imaginations to flow freely." Dunne. A & Raby. F 2013

Combination of local culture

around the opening of the roof. In order to avoid too complex nodes , a few main trusses are truncated near the inner ring. The main crossing truss, roof structure and substructure of the facade formed the special architectural shape of the birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nest.

Hollowed-out technique, ceramic grain, red brilliant and enthusiastic in Chinese traditional culture, with the modern most advanced steel structure design blend together perfectly.

Application of new materials

Advantages of functionality

"Bird's nest" structure design is novel and the new material of steel structure - Q460 is also unique. The Q460 is a kind of high strength low alloy steel. The plastic deformation will not occurs until it is on the mechanical strength of 460 million mpa.

To make the waterproof roof, the space between the structure of the stadium will be filled with membrane which is previous to light. The overall closure of the facade is unnecessary, because all the facilities - restaurants, guestrooms, shops and bathrooms are all individually

controlled units. It gives the stadium a natural ventilation which is the most important aspect of the environmental design of the stadium.

http://www.tukuchina.cn/r/photo/view/id/2229727155/

WHY THIS PROJECTS ARE SIGNIFICANT? Innovative structure The whole stadium structure component support each other by forming a Disney grid structure without any pillars inside. It appearance looks like a bird's nest which is made of tree branches. Its gray mineral of stencil materials covered in a transparent membrane, which contains a soil red bowl stadium. The design

scheme has greatly adjusted and optimized the structural layout, construction section form and material utilization and keep the "bird's nest" architectural style unchanged. The opening roof in the original design was cancelled and the roof opening is expanded compared to the original one. Also, the steel structure was greatly reduced by the optimization of the steel structure. The large span roof is supported by 24 trusses, and distance between the columns is 37.96 meters. The main truss is arranged

BIRD'S NEST STRUCTURE Individual unit of stable triangles (left) The wohle stucture (above)

Reference Southcn.com. (2018). Available at: http://www.southcn.com/news/china/focuspic/200312250706.htm [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018]. News.sina.com.cn. (2018). [online] Available at: http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-08-05/09103299951s.shtml [Accessed 7 Mar.

THE GHERKIN PRECEDEN T 02

In the 21th century, the architecture have reached a critical moment during the development of contemporary architecture design after meeting the material and spiritual needs of human being. The social formation, life style, living condition and social ideas are making huge changes rapidly. Architecture design should form a more adaptable and sustainable way at the moment. The Gherkin building in London is a good example to show the connection between current and future architecture design. The building was constructed by Skanska in 2013. The building was occupied by Swiss Re. The building has become a landmark in London and one of the city's most famous contemporary buildings. The most significant of the Gherkin advantage is saving energy. It only uses half of energy comparing to the similiar skyscaper. There are six shafts between each level which can work as natural ventlation system. The shafts apply the heat preservation theory of double glaze to insulate the whole building. In summer, the shafts exhaust the hot air from the building and heat it by passive solar heating in winter. In addition to using a lot of energy saving, it also natural conditions for lighting and ventilation as much as possible. The building is equipped with computer-controlled blinds; A weather sensor system is installed outside the building to monitor temperature, wind speed and light intensity. The windows will open automatically and introduce fresh air when it is necessary. The Gherkin is definitely sustainable on five aspects of sustainability of the site planning, water quality protection and water saving, energy efficiency and renewable energy, managing material and resource, indoor environment quality and so on. The building has a futuristic feel. Curved shape which

follow the airflow, make fresh air gently through every corner of the building which help to realize natural ventilation. Its morphology is simulated by computer and wind tunnel test. This is a very good and successful attempt of computerlize design. It uses the computer to determine its shape to achieve the optimal effect, using high-tech to solve some of the potential social problems including energy nervous, and emphasis on the theory of man and nature in harmony. The birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nest and the Gherkin are the product of computer operation, which is a new way of mass production. It is more quickly than traditional way of design and provides some more different new forms beyond human imagination. These new forms reveal a lot about the future possibilities. And although people have not seen this form before wherever in Beijing or London, people are able to understand this form and appreciate the appearance and use this new form of design in other aspect. The Birdâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nest and the Gherkin change not only in the form of building but also in the existing design thinking to make people realize that design should not stay in the contemporary - how to connect to the future should be taken into considerration now. This is a new but not radical idea, not only in design, but also in culture, education, in all aspects of social development.It is a necessary process for human development. The development of human society, including the development of the design and structure design seems to be in stagnation, or developed slowly than at the 20th century and at the beginning of 21st century. Although architecture nowadays looks meet the basic needs of human life, some protential problems are still exist such as population explosion, shortage of resources. We should start attempting to find a connection with the future to prevent future conflict between sluggish development and sharp social needs.

A . 2 D E S I G N CO M P U TAT I O N

T H E G A L L E RY O F I C D - I T K E PAV I L I O N PRECEDEN T 02

THE LANDESGARTENSCHAU EXHIBITION HALL PR E C E D E N T 01

After the third industrial revolution, due to some new requirements on aspects of the aesthetic and function as well as the development of science and technology, how to deal with these architectural fragments, elements, building components, and the whole logistics chain behind it becomes a natural problem. All of this may change through the digital manufacturing process, and they are all interrelated, so more and more designers attempt computational design.1 Contemporary computation design techniques has a lot of benefits and two precedent will be introduced to support the argument. Firstly, computer design has broadened the field of architectural design. If architecture are defined only by manufacturing techniques and current production techniques, then the limitation of architecture development are the science and technology level. But at this stage, our design can be more diverse over human being’s imagination which provides the possibilities to changing the shape, structure and fabrication. Over the past decade, the development of computation technology has led to a new understanding of the potential new materials through their characteristics and combinations.2 In addition, in traditional buildings, the structure seems to be stabilized and rarely changed, but it is easy to generate a new structure using computation design. For example, the Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall is the first building whose primary structure consists of robotically fabricated beech plywood plates. A simple question is input to computer program that how to use the least wooden material to make the most resilient structure and the complex structure is made through by advanced computation and simulation methods. This new kind of timber construction allows the building to be made of plywood plates that are only 50 millimetres thick.3 Also, the Gallery of ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion is built by carbon fibre. Menges thinks that combining technology with this unique building material could revolutionise the future.4

Fig1. The Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall, Designed by ICD & ITDK,

1 “5 Ways Computational Design Will Change The Way You Work”, Archdaily, 2018 <https://www.archdaily.com/785602/5-ways-computational-design-will-change-the-way-you-work> [Accessed 15 March 2018]. 2 ”Matter Design Computation: The Art Of Building From Nano To Macro | Cornell AAP”, Aap.Cornell.Edu, 2018 <https://aap.cornell. edu/news-events/matter-design-computation-art-building-nano-macro> [Accessed 15 March 2018]. 3 “Computational Design: Buildings Designed And Built By Robots”, Architecture . Construction . Engineering . Property, 2018 <https://sourceable.net/computational-design-buildings-designed-built-robots/> [Accessed 15 March 2018]. 4 Lacy Cooke and Lacy Cooke, “How Robots And Carbon Fiber Could Usher In The “Fourth Industrial Revolution””, Inhabitat.Com, 2018 <https://inhabitat.com/how-robots-and-carbon-fiber-could-usher-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/> [Accessed 15 March 2018].

The third advantage is that the computer program can be designed to try to simulate many different solutions to meet the optimization design. The design tool provides the possibility of incorporating material characteristics and manufacturing parameters during the design process. We know what we are able to fabricate, so we know what we can design, so we can design everything we able to fabricate. Everything we design is based on manufacturing technology, and we also extend this technology through our research.1 Also, the architects do not know whether their design would behave as they thought they would be. They have to wait until the building is built. Computing tools make it easier to simulate architectural performance. Some tools are created to simulate the ventilation condition in may or how much sunlight can shine into the building.2 The fourth advantage is arises at the historic moment after extensive use of computer design, the robotic fabrication of architectural elements began to rapid development. The production is no longer confined to the same template such as precast concrete panel. Robotic manipulation production can be finished a large number of complex task in a short time. The Gallery of ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion is made by a robot. The robot store the carbon fibre in a resin bath, and rotate the material about metal scaffolding. All the material is heated in a huge oven.3 Fig, 4 machines to make carbon fibre structure

Previous machine-made production used existing machines to fabricate components at existing levels of technology. However, it's a completely new way to write the design program and manufacturing process which based on what you want to design, and then create the corresponding robot to fabricate the architectural components. It may be the most significant effect of design process by computation.

Fig 2. The compressive conditions of plywood plates Fig 3. 243 unique plates Secondly, computation design can deal with repetitive task automatically. There is some complicated design and construction process, designers as human being is difficult to solve them in a short time, but the parametric design can greatly reduce the time required. Some advanced and complex geometry part in projects is generated by computational design. Actually, computation can do a lot of thing more than that. Through repetitive tasks are heavy for human, most computational design tools can deal with the monotonous task such as coping the same elements and generate similar geometry in random.1 The beech plywood shell which covers 2700 square foot is composed by 243 unique geometric plates. Rather than draw each plate by hand, the design space was integrated into a simulation and optimization process for automatic form-finding, and the robotic production is included in the process. The pavilion was built in the site in only four weeks after the main structure and digital prefabrication of all other building layers, such as insulation, waterproofing and cladding were made.2

1 ”5 Ways Computational Design Will Change The Way You Work”, Archdaily, 2018 <https://www.archdaily.com/785602/5-wayscomputational-design-will-change-the-way-you-work> [Accessed 15 March 2018] 2 “Computational Design: Buildings Designed And Built By Robots”, Architecture . Construction . Engineering . Property, 2018 <https://sourceable.net/computational-design-buildings-designed-built-robots/> [Accessed 15 March 2018].

In addition, computing affect design process a lot. Most architect design an architecture by intuition and creativity, but computing design needs architects to think logical by some algorithm. The previous way is not stable and needs some external stimulus. Computing design just encode the inspiration and remember as an command. So it is easy to use or combine these command. Finally, I think the design process will continue to be affected. Young architects have learned how to design by computing methods and collaborate with civil engineers and manufacturers at the beginning. The construction industry is more flexible than other manufacturing industries. Because the relationship among architects, civil engineers and manufacturers parallel without strict order of precedence. Then they all can know whether they want to design can be built at the beginning and problems can be solved at the beginning.

1 “Design Manifestos: Oliver David Krieg Of The Institute For Computational Design (ICD)”, Medium, 2018 <https://medium.com/ design-manifestos/design-manifestos-oliver-david-krieg-of-the-institute-for-computational-design-icd-5e8a5ea1ce76> [Accessed 15 March 2018]. 2 “5 Ways Computational Design Will Change The Way You Work”, Archdaily, 2018 <https://www.archdaily.com/785602/5-ways-computational-design-will-change-the-way-you-work> [Accessed 15 March 2018]. 3 Lacy Cooke and Lacy Cooke, “How Robots And Carbon Fiber Could Usher In The “Fourth Industrial Revolution””, Inhabitat.Com, 2018 <https://inhabitat.com/how-robots-and-carbon-fiber-could-usher-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/> [Accessed 15 March 2018].

A . 3 CO M P O S I T I O N & G E N E R AT I O N

DECKENKONSTRUK TION DER M U LT I H A L L E PR E C E D E N T 01

Precedent 01 is the Deckenkonstruktion Der Multihalle, designed by Frei otto. Due to the heavy damage in Mannheim during WWII, the reconstruction was in a slow process after the war. The pavilion in fig.1 is the result of the Germany’s Bundesgartenschau in 1975. Their concept was “a light, airy construction to harmonize with the landscape of flowers, trees and artificial hills”. The budget of the Mannheim pavilion is only 4 million, light structure use less material and can keep the overall cost within the budget. The final Mannheim pavilion used the light structure. The inspiration was one of the landscape on the earth - mountain. The pavilion imitated the shape of mountain using grid shell and meet the aim of to be harmony with nature. After making the decision of using grid shell, some architects and engineers included Frei Otto said they had not done such a big grid shell pavilion. The final pavilion design required a free-form roof covering three separate spaces, with the main hall spanning 60m by 60m. 1

Fig, 2 Diagram of the Multihalle’s dimensions

The architect used the hang chain to generate the final form which is adapted to any space. Frei Otto had already used a chain and its self-weight to form the Mannheim design. These models were effective in creating pure tension shapes. The final computer model of the pavilion was generated by mathematical model, the result of the computer stimulation model is similar to the result of physical hanging chain.2 Fig. 3 demonstrates how the forces are taken by a grid shell system. The double curvature of the design gives the membrane strength and stiffness.

Fig, 3 Force diagram

Fig, 4 Double layers of grid

At first, designer want to use single layer of grid shell, but after several experiments they found the collapse load is too small. They decided to stack the timber one direction by one direction, with only one layer in one direction, using 4 layers in total rather than just double the thickness by sticking two layers of timber together. Fig. 4 is the final solution of the grid shell. The pavilion is not just generated by computer. It has a process from physical model making to computer generated model and then compare two result. Finally, a lot of experiments was done to test the workablity and possiblity. Through the computering tools are keeping on developing, production test is still necessary. 1 “Mannheim Multihalle– Strained Grid - Evolution Of German Shells: Efficiency In Form”, Shells.Princeton.Edu, 2018 <http:// shells.princeton.edu/Mann1.html> [Accessed 15 March 2018] 2 Adriaenssens, S., Barnes, M., Harris, R., Williams, C., (2011), Design of a Wooden Strained Lattice Shell.

Fig, 1 The Mannheim Pavilion 18

SYNTHESIS OF S T R I P PAT T E R N PRECEDEN T 02

Stripe patterns are widely spread in nature in different scales, from the smallest molecules to skin pattern of plants and animals. This structures are generated by parametric techniques using algorithms to create complex hyperbolic geometries and test them from paper model to to large scale timber model. Strips and its transform have already been used in many fields. This structure has a strong and rich plasticity of expression, which could be one of the best artistic expression of architecture. Also, there will be many possibilities for this kind of graphics to be combined with different materials. On the local level, based on the ring like typology and its active-bending principle, the resulted structure acquired strong self-supporting capacity increased by the double curvature within the global shape.1 The grain direction, material size available on market and machining cutting space can be input into the computer model to generate the structure which is fit to the market demand and is workable. In order to make the process of assembly easier and faster, the edgewise connection was invented to reduce the amount of worker. The whole workflow is rapid. It takes only three days to be set up in the site from fabrication to assembly. The overall weight is very light as well

Fig, 2 Paper model 1 â&#x20AC;&#x153;SYNTHESIS OF STRIP PATTERNâ&#x20AC;?, Noumena, 2018 <https://noumena.io/draft_synthesis-of-strip-pattern/> [Accessed 15 March 2018].

A.4 CONCLUSION

A.5 LEARNING OUTCOME

I designed by flickering inspiration and learn and mash previous elements. That is not stable and It’s always going to be repetitive to design the similar things with others. Now I intend to design by computing tools. It encode many design elements and record them as command. Many interesting designs are created in the process of combining several command or changing the sequence of commands. It’s just like the notes on a five-line spectrum, and different combinations make different feeling music.

This semester, I learned a new design way which change my design thinking. Although I can’t use grasshopper skillfully, I have already understand the design logic of design computation. Now I can use my new knowledge to improve my past design. The work on the left is composed by 104 unique pieces. In the year 1, my partner and i have to use rhino to measure every plates and cut them by hand. It costs me three whole days. And because the hand fabrication, we have to use the corrugated board which is easy to cut. Now, robotic frbrication spend no more than one hour to cut this plates

A.6 APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

PA R T B JUNE 2018 Yiran Tao 868650 Tutor Allan Burrows

CONTEX TS PAR T B CR I T ER IA D E SI G N

B .1. R E S E A R C H F I E L D / 3 0 B . 2 . C A S E S T U DY 1.0 / 32 B. 3. C A SE S T U DY 2.0 / 47 B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT / 56 B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOT YPES / 64 B.6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL / 66 B . 7. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S A N D O U T C O M E S / 7 0 B.8. APPENDIX - ALGO R I T HMIC SK E TCHES / 71

B .1. R E S E A R C H F I E L D STRIPS / FOLDING

I chose the field of strips and folding, and I think there are many possibilities in the filed regarding both form and structure in architecture. From a spatial point of view, strips surface discretization can be used to represent three-dimensional objects defining space, form, and structure simultaneously. The strip is a very basic form, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flexible, it can be straight, or it can be bent, it can be a rectangle, or it can be other irregular shapes. Folding seems to me to be a combination of a lot of strips, or the surface can also be folded into various strips. Folding is also a way of forming surfaces with infinite possibilities. Many forms can be made by folding. It gives the user the possibility to define the design of a new global geometry and vary parameters like stripe orientation and line spacing. Also, the strips and folding can be very rhythmic and have special sequence because of the characteristics of repetition. The generation and the properties of such structures are explored through parametric techniques using algorithms to create complex. Regarding feasibility, compared to many other fields of study, this area is easier to design and simulation, whatever in terms of computational design and physical model. The calculation of the design process will embed the material properties, taking itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s into consideration and using it as an advantage. Nowadays a lot of research has been done in this field, not only because of the aesthetics value of strip and folding, but also for that it is easy to robotic manufacture and assembles which is adapt to the market require. Once more and more people start to research this field, more and more factory import the techniques, the fabrication cost will be reduced, and the labor will be used, architectures in this form will be built widely.

B . 2 . C A S E S T U DY 1. 0

S E R O U SS I PAV I L I O N

B . 2 . C A S E S T U DY 1. 0

SELECTION CRETERIA SPATIALIT Y

As a architecture, spatiality is a significant certiaria. The form should make space, otherwise it is just a sculpture.

INTERACTIVE

Interactive refers to how the architecture interact with environments and people who use it. Architecture is designed for human using. So the basic rule is that the architecture should reflect the function and show the relationship among environments and human and architecture. Good interactive design can naturally attract peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eyes and guide people to use them.

AESTHETIC

Aesthetic is absolutely necessary for good architecture.After world war ii, mast peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s material level has been ensured. The form of building became more and more rich in the case of meeting the basic needs of life especially true after the popularity of computational design. in addition the aesthetic is not just to meet the visual needs. Attractive appearance with more sustainable, more adaptive founction can support and encourage more people to use this form.

CONSTRUCTABILIT Y

The basic creteria of a architecture is to be able to stand up first, to support all kinds of forces and not collapse. Although the appearance of a lot of computational design is beautiful but can be used as adornment only if itself cannot stand. Reasonable and scientific structure is the decisive condition to guarantee the safety, strength and durability of buildings.

FABRICATION

The popularity of computational design has led to the appear of a great deal of new architectural forms.But some forms are hard to build in real life because of of technology and economicand so on. In order to prevent this from happening, the manufacturing process and assembling technology and the material selection should be considered in advance.And the parameters of different materials are likely to affect the design of the building. 34

DESITY OF BASIC UNIT

RADIUS OF CIRCLE

NUMBER OF SEGEMENT

FIELDLINE NUMBER OF SAMPLES

SL I D ER =2

S L I D E R =1

S L I D E R =10

SL I D ER =2

SLIDER=50

SL I D ER =20

S L I D E R =15

SLIDER=3

S L I D E R =10 0

SLIDER=40

SLIDER=30

S L I D E R =10

S L I D E R =12 0

SLIDER=80

GRAPH MAPPER

SPIN STRENGTH

MESH

PAR AB O L A

CONIC

SLIDER=0.4

PAR AB O L A

CONIC

SLIDER=0.8

PERLIN

GASSIAN

S L I D E R =1

SINE SU M M AT I O N

GASSIAN

SL I D ER =2 38

B E S T I T E R AT I O N 1. 0

SPIN STRENGTH=0.4 The iteration is generated by spin the lines. There are several opening caused by the rotation of the curve which ensure the indoor space, outdoor space and grey space. The primary space is obvious to be figure out. There is also grey space between the different space. The lines flow very smooth, undulating like the surrounding hills, well integrated into the surrounding mountain environment. And the peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eyes follow the building line flow to look into the distance. This form gives a sense of flow and lightness in general. But the details are messy. The thickness relationship between lines needs to be adjusted. This form is similar to a grid shell, which can be made from wood or iron, and can be quickly manufactured with laser cutting.But how to assemble is a problem, the connection between components needs to be explored. It should to strong and stable without affecting the aesthetics.

S PAT I A L I T Y INTERACTIVE AESTHETIC FA B R I C AT I O N CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y 40

B E S T I T E R AT I O N 2 .0

GRAPH MAPPER GASSIAN The iteration is generated by graph mapper gassioan . This looking is already a mature and perfect design.The multi-section curve is enclosed in a closed space, and the inner wall ensures the division of space.The opening at the top extends the enclosed space. In this form, there are some defects in interactivity, It is more suitable for museums, art galleries, and buildings with indoor functions than the buildings that need to interact with the outside world. The appearance of the building is rather ordinary. The building is easy to assemble if it is made of wood or metal strips.If the membrane structure is used for modeling, or if it is inflated, it is very quick and easy to remove, and can be re-used after completion.

S PAT I A L I T Y INTERACTIVE AESTHETIC FA B R I C AT I O N CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y 42

B E S T I T E R AT I O N 3.0

G R A P H M A P P E R S I N E S U M M AT I O N The iteration is generated by graph mapper sine summation. This space is complex, the internal space and external space melt together, a total of three layers, the outer ring is indoor the closed space, the second layer is outdoor and open space, the third layer in shape of circular, the external space of each unit respectively connected, which is convenient to communication between each small part. This form of internal and external interaction is very good, and has certain illicit close sex, outer space and wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t let a person feel depressive, and the overall appearance is smooth, like, eight hills that coincide with the local environment. The eight hills create a small square in the middle. This form is easy to make and assemble, and has a lot of support on the structure.

S PAT I A L I T Y INTERACTIVE AESTHETIC FA B R I C AT I O N CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y

B E S T I T E R AT I O N 3.0

G R A PH M A PPE R PA R A B O L A The iteration is generated by graph mapper parabola. This form is a relatively open space, with eight lotus leaf shaped units. This building is suitable for communication with the outside world like a bazaar, or for viewing. There is no barrier to contact with the outside world. The curved roof is melted with the rolling hills. This form is easy to make and assemble, and has a lot of support on the structure.

S PAT I A L I T Y INTERACTIVE AESTHETIC FA B R I C AT I O N CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y 46

B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0 I C D, I T K E R E S E A R C H PAV I L I O N 2010

The ICD, ITKE designed a research pavilion in 2010. The pavilion is generated by computation tools by simulating the real materials. The core of the project is that any material has the ability to make form. The designers did’t really design, they just take advantage of the elastically characteristics of wood. Once one end is fixed and the other end is exposed under a force, the strip will bent in parabolic shape naturally. The final form of it is determined by it force bearing condition.1 Finally, the pavilion is composed by a lots of different plywood strips. The strips work as both structure and skin. The pavilion shows a new possiablities for computerlization that the form can be gennerated directly form the physical behaviour and material characteristics.2 On the basic of the benting form, some changes are taken place in consider of bearing points and aesthetic. In order to make it a rigid structure, the connections are well designed. The strips are fibracated in the institute close to the site. 3

1 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart. de/?p=4458> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 2 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart. de/?p=4458> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 3 “Teaching By Doing: A Research Pavilion In Stuttgart”, Detail-Online. Com, 2018 <https://www.detail-online.com/article/teaching-by-doing-a-research-pavilion-in-stuttgart-14263/> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 48

B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0

REVERSE ENGINEER

BENDING FORM FINDING

REPETITION UNIT MAKING

BASIC UNIT REPETITION

FORCE BEARING POINTS

JOINTS MAKING

The core of this project is the awareness that the material has the ability to compute form. Several attempts are made on paper to figure the elastically benting moment. An interpolated curve are created by sevral points in the critical location including the peak of the arc and junction between two arcs in rhino. The more nature bending form are found by moving the control points.

The origin shape of the strips is a isosceles trapezoid. One edge of isosceles have alredy been found in last step. The other edge of the isosceles is the rotated mirror of the first one. Actually the bending form of strip should be ensured by psysical experiment using real material and digital experiment inputing the characteristics, but my techiniques are limited in this stage.

Once the shape of the strips are formed the whole pavilion can be easily generated by rotating around a center point. The rotate axle is the same as the rotation axle of the edge of the isosceles. The whole shape is like an end to end tube. And the account and density of strips can be controled. According to the real Icd,Itke research pavilion 2010, there is no gap between each strip. Some strips go cross somewhere in the internal ring. The bending form should be changed in the first step.

Both strips in a pair are composed by three arcs. Some points should be rigid keep the bending form of the strip. Because there is no seperate structure in the form, the skin work as structure as well. So each arc should be supported by the other two arcs. The contact points between two strips should be the force bearing points. The strips are changed to be wider to find the intersection between two strips.

Two strips are connection by two bolts on both plate and socket conncection. Use brep to find the intersection events between two strips and spilt them to make a rough socket connection. finally check the bending form and shape of strips and go back to step 1 and 2.

B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0

REVERSE ENGINEER

BENDING FORM FINDING Find some POINTS and create an INTERPOLATED curve through the sets of of points. Adjust the curve by CONTROL PONITS to find the form.

OVERALL STRUCTURE MAKING ROTATE the two repetitive lives.

REPETITION UNIT MAKING Shape two strips in a pair by the definition of EXTRUDE.

DEAD END Failure 1.The direction of extrude can’t be controled. 2.The shape of the strip can’t be control if use the common definetion of extrude.

REPETITION UNIT MAKING

BASIC UNIT REPETITION

Adjust lines by changing the control points and use make the MIRROR line. LOFT them to make a strip.

Use EXPLODE TREE to divide the certain circle. ROTATE the two strips along the certain cirlce using the rotation angle produced by explode tree.

Failure 1.The distribution of strips is not even.

BASIC UNIT REPETITION

FORCE BEARING POINTS

ROTATE the two strips along the certain cirlce using the rotation angle produced by SERIES. Adjust the density and acount of the strips.

DEAD END

Make the strip wider to make each strip go cross the strip near it by changing the mirror axle in step 2.

JOINTS MAKING Use BREP to find the intersection events between two strips and split them.

If not similiar 52

If similiar

SIMILARITIES: 1. Overall bending form 2. Shape generation Mode (spin) 3. Shape of strip

DIFFERENCES: 1. There are five hundred of strips which are all in different shapes. In order to make it under even force, the real bearing points are not in a same horizontal plane. 2. A strip in the real pavilion is composed by three or four pieces connecting like puzzles. 3.The shape of strip is not only composed by straight lines. The are effected by the sun and ventilation condition. 4. The bending form of the plywood is generated by psysical model. 5.There is opening in my work.

B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT SPECIES 1 BENDING FORM

SPECIES 2 LINE TYPE

SPECIE S 3 FACE T D OM E & VO R O N O I

S P E C I E S 4 D E L AU N AY M E S H

SPECIE S 5 RULED SUR FACE

SPECIES 6 OCTREE

S PAT I A L I T Y

INTERACTIVE

AESTHETIC

FA B R I C AT I O N

CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y

Compare to the other iteration, this one create a more complete space. But the interactive and aesthetic is insufficient.

The iteration is relatively open. It is suitable for gymnasium and outdoor architecture.

S PAT I A L I T Y

INTERACTIVE

AESTHETIC

FA B R I C AT I O N

CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y

It looks like a office building. The main office area is holded in the air by some columns. The ground floor is for outdoor activities.

This iteration looks like a museum with proper closure.

B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOT YPES

1. Common A4 Paper It is so soft to stand up.

2.280gsm paper It is still difficult to keep the form.

3.280gsm paper + wire Paper canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work as structure. Material for structure is necessary.

4.280gsm paper + wire + central bar All strips can rotate around a central bar.

5.clothes + three wire r One wire is still so thick to make a rigid structure bone. Three wires are banded together. Clothes can be covered on any shapes and can be easily folded.

Critique: 1. All the material I used are not architecture material. 2. All the components are made by hand. Robotic fabrication method should be used. 3.Some more material should be used to make attempts.

B.6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL - BIRD HOUSE

Techiniques: 1.The skin of the bird house is a bionic design from shark gills. The siginificant advantages of this skin is the high effiency of heat dissipation. It can also isolate the noises and keep proper privacy. The skin is made of cloths, so it is will be convenient to be folded when not use. 2. The lattice function as the structure part to support the skin. The branches can attract brids.

Critique: 1.The most serious problem of the design is that the design doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t meet the function house. 2.The techiniques is too easy. It can be made by rhino directly faster rather than use grasshopper. 3.The cognition of bird house is too superfical. 4.There are not much iteration. The final proposal should be generated after comparing and improving from a large quantuty of iteration. 5. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand the focus of this assignment. The key points of the design is to develop and show off the computational design techinique.

Futher development: 1.Do more and deeper research about the next assignment. 2.Try to make iterations as more as i can and combine with other techiniques from previous work. 3.Make more time for Air 4.Help each other. Communicate with classmates and learn from them. 5.Learn from failture.

B . 7. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S AND OUTCOMES

B.8. APPENDIX

I have already learned a lot of grasshopper skills so far from the weeking tutorial vedio, weekly task, journal and group members in different research fields. However, I thought I only very few of them. My partner and I have not done the part B4 of journal before designing the final proposal. It is a great pity that I am not able to make full use of my parametric design skills and I am always looking forward to use the 3D print or some other computational fabrication methods. Unfortunately, I can not use them as well this time. I perform not well up to now. Before this studio, I never really understood the position of computation in the design. I used to thought computation as a tool for designing. But some cases shows that sometimes architects don’t have to design(ICD,ITKE research pavilion 2010). Just learn and design by doing!

"ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction", Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 20 April 2018]

“ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010: Project Video”, Vimeo, 2018 <https://vimeo.com/48374172> [Accessed 20 April 2018] “ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION 2010 – IAAC Blog”, IAAC Blog, 2018 <http://www.iaacblog.com/programs/ icditke-research-pavilion-2010/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] “Teaching By Doing: A Research Pavilion In Stuttgart”, Detail-Online.Com, 2018 <https://www.detail-online.com/article/teaching-by-doing-a-research-pavilion-in-stuttgart-14263/> [Accessed 20 April 2018]

ROOM FOR SMASHING

M E D I TAT I O N H O U S E

PA R T C D E TA I L E D D E S I G N

PA R T C CONTEX TS PAR T C

D E TA I L E D D E S I G N

C .1. D E S I G N C O N C E P T / 8 0 C.2. TEC TONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOT YPES / 92 C . 3 . F I N A L D E TA I L M O D E L / 12 8 C . 4 . L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S A N D O U T C O M E S / 15 6 C . 5. A P P E N D I X / 16 0

C .1. D E S I G N C O N C E P T F E E D B AC K F R O M I N T E R I M P R E S E N TAT I O N S

Reflection My new project is Night shift house. Because one of my group members and I are new to the brief and the previous design is not sufficient to impact the level of technique and understanding of the brief, we want to continue the technique of strip and folding, and add the new elements of patterning. At first, for the understanding of the brief, the design should focus more on keeping out the sunlight. Site analysis and research should be done again to find more problems that the night shift house must solve. After finalize and develop our concept, we want to set a series of criteria according to the brief. In the previous work, our designs seems have nothing to do with the brief. In this project, all the selection criteria should from the brief and we must keep the question in mind that why the design must be the night shift house. Do more iteration. We have already learned a lot of skills from weekly task, tutorial videos, journal and group members from other research fields, we should share as more iterations as we can according to the selection criteria in previous work and try to combine and integrate them. Some good designs may come from a lot of tests. Use laser cut, 3D print or CNC to make prototypes. Try more materials. 80

C .1. D E S I G N C O N C E P T P R O B L E M O F G E N E R A L S TA N DA R D F O R B E T T E R A PA R T M E N T

he general standard for better apartment is suitable for the majority of urban resident. It ensures the basic function layout for living, enough opening for natural light, enough storage, solar access for communal open space, natural ventilation and so on. However it is unreasonable for some night shift people. They donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need sunlight at daytime. So we want to design a prosthetics for better apartment.

rosthetics for me is something attached to the original object and play a role that the original object doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have. Just like the sixth thumb of hand, the prosthetics should provide the new functions for

The Sixth Finger - Third Thumb 82

CLIENT According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, there are around 204,000 Australians regularly worked at night and evening shifts in 2015. Some common occupations are traffic controller, taxi driver, night construction worker, nurse and night radio presenter. We found the night radio presenter works regularly from Monday to Friday. According to the research, our client is a radio presenter. Her radio program runs from 1-7am Monday to Friday. She arrives home at about 8am and goes to sleep until 4pm. Because she works nearly all night, good quality of sleep is essential.

BRIEF According to the client need, the main problem for better apartemt is the sunlight. The body clock keeps people in a awake state under the sun. The prosthetics should keep the indoor environment dim to make people fall asleep rapidly and have a good quality of sleep. So the prosthetics should allow 30% light come through into the room and avoid direct sunlight. 30% sunlight should come in by multiple reflection and refraction. Also the living area should be dim, about 50% light can pass through to ensure the normal behaviour in living area without open the light. Furniture should be considered as a part of the design out of the same techniques.

C .1. D E S I G N C O N C E P T S I T E A N A LY S I S

吀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀

C .1. D E S I G N C O N C E P T S I T E A N A LY S I S

unlight is the most serious problem the design faces. After analysising the sunlight rail on the winter and summer solstice day in the bedroom, we found that the degree of winter sunlight is low so it can cover large indoor area and the degree of summer sunlight is high so only the area in front of window is under direct sunlight. However, the sunlight in summer is much stronger than the winter sunlight at the same time of a day, so the brightness in the room in summer is large than in winter. The winter sunlight can nearly reach everywhere in the bedroom and the summer sunlight can directly shine on the bed in the morning. So the prosthetics should do something on the bedroom windows. In addition, in order to keep the body in sleeping state the living area should be dark as well.

C.2.

TECTONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPES

C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S CORE DESIGN PRINCIPLE

he two diagram illustrates the core design principle of the prosthetics. The first one is to create the long and narrow path to block light. The sunlight from outside will multiple reflect in the path. Also, the surface must be rough, so the intensity of light will be greatly weakened by diffuse reflection. Materials in dark color also reduces the brightness of light passing through, because white reflects light of all colors while black absorb light of all colors.

he principle of full reflection of bicycle taillight was used in the second diagram. The design only allows a fraction of light in specific degree pass through. The light from other degree will totally reflect in the direction of the incident. This property allows it to be used to let sunlight enter a room at a certain time by adjusting the size and direction of the opening.

C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S I T E R AT I O N S 1 & 2

dditional to the first iteration, we have those folded surface in different length. The length and direction of the deisgn depends on the shape of the initial surface which can be easily to adjust according to requirement. Also the uneven surface create some shadows.

or this design the folded pattern is extrude downwards. The folded pattern is deep enough which will allow numbers time of reflection in order to soften the daylight that gets penetrating into the bedroom.

C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S I T E R AT I O N S 3

he design is relative flexible comparing to the iteration 1&2. It is composed by the frame and the ratated pieces. Every pieces can be rotated in the frame. This allows the client to adjust the size and the direction of opening as she wants. The most significant advantage of it is it can be totally open or closed or open 30%.

C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S TEST

Iteration 2 12AM winter solstice

Iteration 1 12AM winter solstice

ll of the three iteration looks meet the brief, so they are rendered to simulate the sunlight condition of Melbourne. I chose 12 o ‘clock noon on the winter solstice because the sunlight at that time cover the largest area of the year. It can show the worst effect. The first one is too simple in appearance. According to the render effect result at 12am. The second and third one seems work well in theoretical and daylight filters into the bedroom through holes on the iteration, casting a dappled pattern of light and shadow on the floor and walls. So physical models of them are done to test the effect. 100

Iteration 3 12AM winter solstice 101

C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S PROTOTYPES

This iteration is done by 3d printing. The first figure shows the 3d printing machine with our model under processing. We experienced several error during the process caused by some different reasons such as without support. After printing three failure work, two separated parts the structure and the blocks are done with support under them as the figure 3 shown. We peeled the support on the model and use UHU glue to stick the blocks on the structure. Critics: The whole fabrication flow took more than one week since we submit the digital file, but most time was wasted on the unskilled digital operation. The printing process took about 25 hours and the manual assembly took only one hour. In theory, the entire model should take a day and a half to produce and assemble. It is possible in the aspect of fabrication. 102

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S PROTOTYPES

1.This iteration is done by laser cutting. It is composed by three parts, the structure, the connector and the rotated pieces. We choose the ground glass as the material. Two sets of the pieces and structure were cutting out, since we want to achieve flexible element that can rotate. 2.Steel wires were put in between two pieces of structure as the connector of the structure and rotated pieces trying to rotate the pieces around the them. 3.Stick two set of pieces on the wires by heat glue gun and keep rotating them until glue dried to ensure the pieces are flexible. Critics: The laser cutting process is quite fast even less than two hours, but it took me 7hours to assemble them. This end up failure, it is obvious that it is too hard to control all the pieces together in reality.

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S PROTOTYPE TEST

We use the phone light to simulate the sunlight path. After the test, we found both effect of the iteration are good. Take both fabrication and effect into consideration, we continued to develop the iteration 2.

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S CORE CONSTRUC TION ELEMENT

I T E R AT I O N T E S T A N D A DJ U S T Iteration 1

Iteration 2

Iteration 3

Develop from iteration 2

Random color

Origin Surface + Desity of blocks

Gap + Size of opening

Color of opening

We use these little blocks shown above as our core construction elements to further development the design of iteration 2.

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Origin Surface + Pattern

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S I T E R AT I O N T E S T A N D A DJ U S T Random color

Render test

Random color Some of the blocks were chosen at random and painted black. Because black can reflect much less light than white. The room is little bit darker than before, but still so bright.

Iteration 2 The effect is poor apparently, and the sun could shine almost unimpeded into the room.

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The percentage of black blocks increases to 50%.

The percentage of black blocks increases to 80%. The room is much darker than before apparently. Turn the blocks is an efficient way to control the light.

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S I T E R AT I O N T E S T A N D A DJ U S T Desity of blocks

Desity of blocks There are 200 blocks in total.

There are 800 blocks in total. Painted white at random.

Gap + Size and location of opening

There are 400 blocks in total. The room start to be suitable for sleeping.

There are 800 blocks in total. Through the room is dark, it is too dense.

400 blocks is an appropriate number if blocks

The width of gap decreases and the opening size is altered.

There are 1000 white and black blocks in total. Only little of light can coming through.

There are 1000 black blocks in total. The room is totally dark.

The opening size changes gradually from a point.

The opening size changes gradually from a point. The point should be set in front of the window.

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S I T E R AT I O N T E S T A N D A DJ U S T

FINAL DESIGN

Color of opening Living room final iteration

Open both Black and white blocks.

Open white blocks.

Open Black blocks.

The effect of shading of the iteration is not the best, but it can effectively reduce direct sunlight and keep the room from being too bright or too dark. It ensures freedom of movement in the living room without the lights on.

Pattern Bedroom final iteration

Apply black on some especial location to create tree pattern.

The opening size becomes smaller from the branch to trunk. 114

The opening size becomes smaller from the trunk to branch.

400 blocks + 50% Black blocks + Black opening in the pattern of tree + small gap +small opening in front of the window. 115

C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S D I AG R A M S I L LU S T R AT I N G D I G I TA L T E C H I Q U E S

Patterning techiniques Random techiniques

Split the diaStructure gram from the surface original surface SrfSplit

Item

Extract the edges from the generated elements. Edges Merge

Cull i Surface

Srf CP

Voronoi

Map Surf

Scale

Cull out the elements from the surface.

PopGeo MD slider The original surface. All the changes will happen on the surface.

Populate geometries with points. The number of geometries are decided here.

Find the closest Generate planar Map the planar points. voronoi diagram voronoi diagram from points. on the original surface. 116

Shrink the voronoi and remain the gap as structure bone.

Scale

Loft

Join

Move

Shrink the bottom outlines of geometries and make them as the top outlines Remap Remap the numbers into new domain.

Merge all the out- Loft the surface lines of the geom- through the curves. etries together

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Seal the opening.

C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S D I AG R A M S I L LU S T R AT I N G CO N S T R U C T I O N P R O C E S S

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S PROTOT YPE DEVELOPMENT

Tabs by cable ties

Tabs by speed nuts

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Tabs by hinges

Tabs by command bonds

Tabs by screws & bolts

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Tabs by eyelets

C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S JOINT TEST

Cable ties

Command bonds

Studiness

Aesthetics

Cost Performance

Manufacturability

Advantage: 1.The price of cables is only $2,36/100pack. 2.Crescent cable ties are UV resistant, which prolongs useful life under sunshine/outdoor applications. 3.These cable ties have extra strength due to heavier weight of material used. 4. Easy to operate without tools.

Advantage: 1.Damage-Free. It doesn¡¯t remain nail holes. 2.Flexible. Easy to separate two tabs. 3.It can bear 7.2kg. 4. Easy to operate without tools.

Disadvantage: 1.Too flexible. It is suitable for binding strips of objects but not two pieces of tabs. 2.Ugly. It’s very visible and it’s ugly to use on a large scale

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Disadvantage: 1.Only perform well when under friction. 2.Visible and ugly between two black tabs. 3.Expensive. $6/4pack

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S JOINT TEST

Cable ties

Speed nuts

Studiness

Aesthetics

Cost Performance

Manufacturability

Advantage: 1.Rigid. 2.Outstanding resistance to corrosion. It is suitable for highly corrosive areas such as riverside. 3.Bear large force. 4.Secure.Round head bolt. 4.Common and cheap

Advantage: 1.Relative rigid. 2.Decorative appearance in many colors. 3.Common and cheap

Disadvantage: 1.Screwdriver is needed to turn the screw. 2.Ugly for external use.

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Disadvantage: 1.Eyelets pliers kit or hammer is needed.

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C . 2.T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S JOINT TEST

Final Choice

Cable ties

Speed nuts

Studiness

Aesthetics

Cost Performance

Manufacturability

Advantage: 1.Decorative appearance in golden color. 2.Rigid. Use nails and bolt to clamp two plates. 3.Bear large force. 4.Not too expensive. $2/2pack

Advantage: 1.Rigid.Speed nut grips and tightly secures fastener thread with its spring clip eliminating threading and grooving operation. 2.Use screw and bolt to clamp two plates. 3.Bear large force 4. Not too expensive. $5.44/15pack

Disadvantage: 1.Screwdriver is needed to turn the nails. 2.Hinges are often fitted with nails, but screws are better for joists in the prototype. Nails are sharp and easy to hurt the client.

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Disadvantage: 1.Screwdriver is needed to turn the screw. 2.It is a little bit hard to insert the two tabs into the clips. According the test done before, speed nut is the best choice, which is the most rigid and cost-efficient easy to assemble 127

C.3

FINAL DESIGN MODEL

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL DRAWINGS

Plan

Section

This is the final design of night shift house. The bedroom and the living room use different form of design. The design of bedroom can keep 70% light and can keep the bedroom in a dark and dim environment all day. Also the design extend to the floor as the bed frame. The living room is more brighter than the bedroom. The client can normally behaviour without opening lights. The blocks of living room are all open which creates a lot of storage area.

Axonometric 130

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL DIAGRAM OF HOW THE DESIGN WORKS Summer solstice 7:00AM

Winter solstice 8:00AM

Summer solstice 10:00AM

Winter solstice 10:00AM

Summer solstice 1:00PM

Winter solstice 12:00AM

Summer solstice 4:00PM

Winter solstice 2:00PM

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL INTERNAL VIEW BEDROOM

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL INTERNAL VIEW BEDROOM HUMAN VIEW

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL I N T E R N A L V I E W L I V I N G R O O M DAY T I M E

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL I N T E R N A L V I E W L I V I N G R O O M DAY T I M E

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL INTERNAL VIEW LIVING ROOM NIGHT LIGHTING EFFECT

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL EXTERNAL VIEW ON THE SITE

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL FEEDBACK After the final presentation, the critics gave some good comments which we can improve. 1.The client wakes up at 4PM every day. In order to awake the client naturally by sunlight, the direction can be controlled in specific direction making the sunlight at 4PM shine straight into the room. 2.The living room is too dark. Night shift people are sun-starved. They may want to enjoy sunlight at weekends. So some more flexibility should be add to the design - the design should be able to roll or remove. We used the polypropylene as our final model material, but it is too hard. Some soft materials can be used to make it.

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL FEEDBACK - IMPROVEMENT Issuu 1 Sunlight at 4PM

Improvement

Sunlight angle at 4PM Melbourne summer

winter

Final design at 4PM Melbourne

4PM summer/winter

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL FEEDBACK - IMPROVEMENT Issuu 2 Soft material

After researching, we found a kind of fast set silicone which is liquid. We used 3d print to make the mould for casting and took several minutes to casting it. We took a 3 minutes video to show the whole process to cast the model. This is the webside https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZjaDOqIxL4&feature=youtu.be I screen shoot several significant step and show them below.

In order to make our design more flexible we began to use softer materials to make models. In the beginning, we chose silicone as the material , and we bought the kind of silicone which is used to seal and waterproof Windows.

1. Buy the silicone sealent and caulking gun.

2. Prepare a bowl of water, liquid soap, silicone and caulking gun.

4. Assemble the silicone and caulking gun. Press the gun and put the silicone into the soap water.

1.Make the mould by 3D print

2.Prepare the mix stick, plastic cup, black pigment, mould and silicone.

3.Pour the equal part of A and B part of silicone.

4.Mix them together.

5.Add black pigment and mix well.

6.Pour the liquid silicone into the mould.

3. Put the liquid soap into the water. Mix them.

5. Knead the silicone in the water , separate it and put together until it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t stick to hands.

Outcome: I used a fork as a mould to cast it. It works and it is to remove from the mould. But it took so long to massage the silicone in the water ans it spend more than 24 hours to dry.

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7.Close two pieces of mould and wait for 20 min.

8. Carefully remove the silicone from the mould.

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9. The finished product is very tough and soft and not easy to damage

C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL MOULD

Two pieces of model

Two pieces of model can be put together

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C.3 FINAL DESIGN MODEL FINAL MODEL

Front side

Model on mould The final model is very soft. It can be withdraw like curtain or be hanged on the wall by commond bonds. It is also easy to be cleaned by water.

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Folded model

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C.4

LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES

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C.4 LEARNING OBJEC TIVES AND OUTCOMES

After this semester’s study, I have a new understanding of computational design. During the process of design, the computational design was very efficient with the help of grasshopper and I am skilled in using grasshopper in the processing of modifying the design. Not only in this semester, but also in the following design, grasshopper as a useful tool can help me design better and more efficiently. About prototype, we use the laser cut and 3d printing techniques and different materials such as polypropylene, plastics, ground glass and silicone are used. During the process of turning the digital model to physical model, we meet quite a lot of problems such as forgetting to add support when 3d printing. We emailed tutor, consult the tutors of fab lab, ask classmates and watch video. Selfstudy ability has been greatly improved About teamwork, at first we all had ideas but we didn’t really want to express them. Everyone’s ideas are hard to reconcile. After communicating with each other, we clearly defined their responsibilities and help each other on the basis of completing our own tasks. Through the teamwork, we learned three times of skills than individual work.

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C.5 APPENDIX "ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction", Icd. Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 20 April 2018]

“SYNTHESIS OF STRIP PATTERN”, Noumena, 2018 <https://noumena.io/draft_synthesis-of-strip-pattern/> [Accessed 15 March 2018].

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“Better Apartments”, Planning, 2018 <https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/planning-reform/ better-apartments> [Accessed 5 June 2018]

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