Part b yiran tao studio Air by yiran tao

STUDIOAIR PA R T B MARCH 2018

Yiran Tao 868650 Tutor Allan Burrows

CONTEX TS PAR T B CR I T ER IA D E SI G N

B .1. R E S E A R C H F I E L D / 0 4 B . 2 . C A S E S T U DY 1.0 / 0 6 B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0 / 22 B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT / 30 B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOT YPES / 38 B.6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL / 40 B . 7. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S A N D O U T C O M E S / 4 4 B.8. APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES / 45

B .1. R E S E A R C H F I E L D STRIPS / FOLDING

I chose the field of strips and folding, and I think there are many possibilities in the filed regarding both form and structure in architecture. From a spatial point of view, strips surface discretization can be used to represent three-dimensional objects defining space, form, and structure simultaneously. The strip is a very basic form, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flexible, it can be straight, or it can be bent, it can be a rectangle, or it can be other irregular shapes. Folding seems to me to be a combination of a lot of strips, or the surface can also be folded into various strips. Folding is also a way of forming surfaces with infinite possibilities. Many forms can be made by folding. It gives the user the possibility to define the design of a new global geometry and vary parameters like stripe orientation and line spacing. Also, the strips and folding can be very rhythmic and have special sequence because of the characteristics of repetition. The generation and the properties of such structures are explored through parametric techniques using algorithms to create complex. Regarding feasibility, compared to many other fields of study, this area is easier to design and simulation, whatever in terms of computational design and physical model. The calculation of the design process will embed the material properties, taking itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s into consideration and using it as an advantage. Nowadays a lot of research has been done in this field, not only because of the aesthetics value of strip and folding, but also for that it is easy to robotic manufacture and assembles which is adapt to the market require. Once more and more people start to research this field, more and more factory import the techniques, the fabrication cost will be reduced, and the labor will be used, architectures in this form will be built widely.

B . 2 . C A S E S T U DY 1. 0

S E R O U SS I PAV I L I O N

B . 2 . C A S E S T U DY 1. 0

SELECTION CRETERIA SPATIALIT Y

As a architecture, spatiality is a significant certiaria. The form should make space, otherwise it is just a sculpture.

INTERACTIVE

Interactive refers to how the architecture interact with environments and people who use it. Architecture is designed for human using. So the basic rule is that the architecture should reflect the function and show the relationship among environments and human and architecture. Good interactive design can naturally attract peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eyes and guide people to use them.

AESTHETIC

Aesthetic is absolutely necessary for good architecture.After world war ii, mast peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s material level has been ensured. The form of building became more and more rich in the case of meeting the basic needs of life especially true after the popularity of computational design. in addition the aesthetic is not just to meet the visual needs. Attractive appearance with more sustainable, more adaptive founction can support and encourage more people to use this form.

CONSTRUCTABILIT Y

The basic creteria of a architecture is to be able to stand up first, to support all kinds of forces and not collapse. Although the appearance of a lot of computational design is beautiful but can be used as adornment only if itself cannot stand. Reasonable and scientific structure is the decisive condition to guarantee the safety, strength and durability of buildings.

FABRICATION

The popularity of computational design has led to the appear of a great deal of new architectural forms.But some forms are hard to build in real life because of of technology and economicand so on. In order to prevent this from happening, the manufacturing process and assembling technology and the material selection should be considered in advance.And the parameters of different materials are likely to affect the design of the building. 8

DESITY OF BASIC UNIT

RADIUS OF CIRCLE

NUMBER OF SEGEMENT

FIELDLINE NUMBER OF SAMPLES

SL I D ER =2

S L I D E R =1

S L I D E R =10

SL I D ER =2

SLIDER=50

SL I D ER =20

S L I D E R =15

SLIDER=3

S L I D E R =10 0

SLIDER=40

SLIDER=30

S L I D E R =10

S L I D E R =12 0

SLIDER=80

GRAPH MAPPER

SPIN STRENGTH

MESH

PAR AB O L A

CONIC

SLIDER=0.4

PAR AB O L A

CONIC

SLIDER=0.8

PERLIN

GASSIAN

S L I D E R =1

SINE SU M M AT I O N

GASSIAN

SL I D ER =2 12

B E S T I T E R AT I O N 1. 0

SPIN STRENGTH=0.4 The iteration is generated by spin the lines. There are several opening caused by the rotation of the curve which ensure the indoor space, outdoor space and grey space. The primary space is obvious to be figure out. There is also grey space between the different space. The lines flow very smooth, undulating like the surrounding hills, well integrated into the surrounding mountain environment. And the peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eyes follow the building line flow to look into the distance. This form gives a sense of flow and lightness in general. But the details are messy. The thickness relationship between lines needs to be adjusted. This form is similar to a grid shell, which can be made from wood or iron, and can be quickly manufactured with laser cutting.But how to assemble is a problem, the connection between components needs to be explored. It should to strong and stable without affecting the aesthetics.

S PAT I A L I T Y INTERACTIVE AESTHETIC FA B R I C AT I O N CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y 14

B E S T I T E R AT I O N 2 .0

GRAPH MAPPER GASSIAN The iteration is generated by graph mapper gassioan . This looking is already a mature and perfect design.The multi-section curve is enclosed in a closed space, and the inner wall ensures the division of space.The opening at the top extends the enclosed space. In this form, there are some defects in interactivity, It is more suitable for museums, art galleries, and buildings with indoor functions than the buildings that need to interact with the outside world. The appearance of the building is rather ordinary. The building is easy to assemble if it is made of wood or metal strips.If the membrane structure is used for modeling, or if it is inflated, it is very quick and easy to remove, and can be re-used after completion.

S PAT I A L I T Y INTERACTIVE AESTHETIC FA B R I C AT I O N CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y 16

B E S T I T E R AT I O N 3.0

G R A P H M A P P E R S I N E S U M M AT I O N The iteration is generated by graph mapper sine summation. This space is complex, the internal space and external space melt together, a total of three layers, the outer ring is indoor the closed space, the second layer is outdoor and open space, the third layer in shape of circular, the external space of each unit respectively connected, which is convenient to communication between each small part. This form of internal and external interaction is very good, and has certain illicit close sex, outer space and wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t let a person feel depressive, and the overall appearance is smooth, like, eight hills that coincide with the local environment. The eight hills create a small square in the middle. This form is easy to make and assemble, and has a lot of support on the structure.

S PAT I A L I T Y INTERACTIVE AESTHETIC FA B R I C AT I O N CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y

B E S T I T E R AT I O N 3.0

G R A PH M A PPE R PA R A B O L A The iteration is generated by graph mapper parabola. This form is a relatively open space, with eight lotus leaf shaped units. This building is suitable for communication with the outside world like a bazaar, or for viewing. There is no barrier to contact with the outside world. The curved roof is melted with the rolling hills. This form is easy to make and assemble, and has a lot of support on the structure.

S PAT I A L I T Y INTERACTIVE AESTHETIC FA B R I C AT I O N CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y 20

B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0 I C D, I T K E R E S E A R C H PAV I L I O N 2010

The ICD, ITKE designed a research pavilion in 2010. The pavilion is generated by computation tools by simulating the real materials. The core of the project is that any material has the ability to make form. The designers did’t really design, they just take advantage of the elastically characteristics of wood. Once one end is fixed and the other end is exposed under a force, the strip will bent in parabolic shape naturally. The final form of it is determined by it force bearing condition.1 Finally, the pavilion is composed by a lots of different plywood strips. The strips work as both structure and skin. The pavilion shows a new possiablities for computerlization that the form can be gennerated directly form the physical behaviour and material characteristics.2 On the basic of the benting form, some changes are taken place in consider of bearing points and aesthetic. In order to make it a rigid structure, the connections are well designed. The strips are fibracated in the institute close to the site. 3

1 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart. de/?p=4458> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 2 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart. de/?p=4458> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 3 “Teaching By Doing: A Research Pavilion In Stuttgart”, Detail-Online. Com, 2018 <https://www.detail-online.com/article/teaching-by-doing-a-research-pavilion-in-stuttgart-14263/> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 22

B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0

REVERSE ENGINEER

BENDING FORM FINDING

REPETITION UNIT MAKING

BASIC UNIT REPETITION

FORCE BEARING POINTS

JOINTS MAKING

The core of this project is the awareness that the material has the ability to compute form. Several attempts are made on paper to figure the elastically benting moment. An interpolated curve are created by sevral points in the critical location including the peak of the arc and junction between two arcs in rhino. The more nature bending form are found by moving the control points.

The origin shape of the strips is a isosceles trapezoid. One edge of isosceles have alredy been found in last step. The other edge of the isosceles is the rotated mirror of the first one. Actually the bending form of strip should be ensured by psysical experiment using real material and digital experiment inputing the characteristics, but my techiniques are limited in this stage.

Once the shape of the strips are formed the whole pavilion can be easily generated by rotating around a center point. The rotate axle is the same as the rotation axle of the edge of the isosceles. The whole shape is like an end to end tube. And the account and density of strips can be controled. According to the real Icd,Itke research pavilion 2010, there is no gap between each strip. Some strips go cross somewhere in the internal ring. The bending form should be changed in the first step.

Both strips in a pair are composed by three arcs. Some points should be rigid keep the bending form of the strip. Because there is no seperate structure in the form, the skin work as structure as well. So each arc should be supported by the other two arcs. The contact points between two strips should be the force bearing points. The strips are changed to be wider to find the intersection between two strips.

Two strips are connection by two bolts on both plate and socket conncection. Use brep to find the intersection events between two strips and spilt them to make a rough socket connection. finally check the bending form and shape of strips and go back to step 1 and 2.

B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0

REVERSE ENGINEER

BENDING FORM FINDING Find some POINTS and create an INTERPOLATED curve through the sets of of points. Adjust the curve by CONTROL PONITS to find the form.

OVERALL STRUCTURE MAKING ROTATE the two repetitive lives.

REPETITION UNIT MAKING Shape two strips in a pair by the definetio of EXTRUDE.

DEAD END Failure 1.The direction of extrude can’t be controled. 2.The shape of the strip can’t be control if use the common definetion of extrude.

REPETITION UNIT MAKING

BASIC UNIT REPETITION

Adjust lines by changing the control points and use make the MIRROR line. LOFT them to make a strip.

Use EXPLODE TREE to divide the certain circle. ROTATE the two strips along the certain cirlce using the rotation angle produced by explode tree.

Failure 1.The distribution of strips is not even.

BASIC UNIT REPETITION

FORCE BEARING POINTS

ROTATE the two strips along the certain cirlce using the rotation angle produced by SERIES. Adjust the density and acount of the strips.

DEAD END

Make the strip wider to make each strip go cross the strip near it by changing the mirror axle in step 2.

JOINTS MAKING Use BREP to find the intersection events between two strips and split them.

If not similiar 26

If similiar

SIMILARITIES: 1. Overall bending form 2. Shape generation Mode (spin) 3. Shape of strip

DIFFERENCES: 1. There are five hundred of strips which are all in different shapes. In order to make it under even force, the real bearing points are not in a same horizontal plane. 2. A strip in the real pavilion is composed by three or four pieces connecting like puzzles. 3.The shape of strip is not only composed by straight lines. The are effected by the sun and ventilation condition. 4. The bending form of the plywood is generated by psysical model. 5.There is opening in my work.

B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT SPECIES 1 BENDING FORM

SPECIES 2 LINE TYPE

SPECIE S 3 FACE T D OM E & VO R O N O I

S P E C I E S 4 D E L AU N AY M E S H

SPECIE S 5 RULED SUR FACE

SPECIES 6 OCTREE

S PAT I A L I T Y

INTERACTIVE

AESTHETIC

FA B R I C AT I O N

CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y

Compare to the other iteration, this one create a more complete space. But the interactive and aesthetic is insufficient.

The iteration is relatively open. It is suitable for gymnasium and outdoor architecture.

S PAT I A L I T Y

INTERACTIVE

AESTHETIC

FA B R I C AT I O N

CO N S T R U C TA B I L I T Y

It looks like a office building. The main office area is holded in the air by some columns. The ground floor is for outdoor activities.

This iteration looks like a museum with proper closure.

B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOT YPES PROTOTYPES

1. Common A4 Paper It is so soft to stand up.

PROPOSAL

2.280gsm paper It is still difficult to keep the form.

3.280gsm paper + wire Paper canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work as structure. Material for structure is necessary.

4.280gsm paper + wire + central bar All strips can rotate around a central bar.

5.clothes + three wire r One wire is still so thick to make a rigid structure bone. Three wires are banded together. Clothes can be covered on any shapes and can be easily folded.

Critique: 1. All the material I used are not architecture material. 2. All the components are made by hand. Robotic fabrication method should be used. 3.Some more material should be used to make attempts.

PROPOSAL B.6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL - BIRD HOUSE

Techiniques: 1.The skin of the bird house is a bionic design from shark gills. The siginificant advantages of this skin is the high effiency of heat dissipation. It can also isolate the noises and keep proper privacy. The skin is made of cloths, so it is will be convenient to be folded when not use. 2. The lattice function as the structure part to support the skin. The branches can attract brids.

Critique: 1.The most serious problem of the design is that the design doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t meet the function house. 2.The techiniques is too easy. It can be made by rhino directly faster rather than use grasshopper. 3.The cognition of bird house is too superfical. 4.There are not much iteration. The final proposal should be generated after comparing and improving from a large quantuty of iteration. 5. Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand the focus of this assignment. The key points of the design is to develop and show off the computational design techinique.

Futher development: 1.Do more and deeper research about the next assignment. 2.Try to make iterations as more as i can and combine with other techiniques from previous work. 3.Make more time for Air 4.Help each other. Communicate with classmates and learn from them. 5.Learn from failture.

B . 7. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S AND OUTCOMES

B.8. APPENDIX

I have already learned a lot of grasshopper skills so far from the weeking tutorial vedio, weekly task, journal and group members in different research fields. However, I thought I only very few of them. My partner and I have not done the part B4 of journal before designing the final proposal. It is a great pity that I am not able to make full use of my parametric design skills and I am always looking forward to use the 3D print or some other computational fabrication methods. Unfortunately, I can not use them as well this time. I perform not well up to now. Before this studio, I never really understood the position of computation in the design. I used to thought computation as a tool for designing. But some cases shows that sometimes architects don’t have to design(ICD,ITKE research pavilion 2010). Just learn and design by doing!

"ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction", Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 20 April 2018]

“ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010: Project Video”, Vimeo, 2018 <https://vimeo.com/48374172> [Accessed 20 April 2018] “ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION 2010 – IAAC Blog”, IAAC Blog, 2018 <http://www.iaacblog.com/programs/ icditke-research-pavilion-2010/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] “Teaching By Doing: A Research Pavilion In Stuttgart”, Detail-Online.Com, 2018 <https://www.detail-online.com/article/teaching-by-doing-a-research-pavilion-in-stuttgart-14263/> [Accessed 20 April 2018]

ROOM FOR SMASHING

M E D I TAT I O N H O U S E