IMPROVING ENGLISH 1-Енглески језик за 1. разред гимназије и средњих стручних школа - 21030

Катарина Ковачевић • Гордана Марковић

IMPROVING

ENGLISH

1

Енглески језик за први разред гимназије и средњих стручних школа ДЕВЕТА ГОДИНА УЧЕЊА

Завод за уџбенике Београд

Рецензенти др БОРИС ХЛЕБЕЦ, редовни професор Филолошког факултета у Београду АНА ТОМОВИЋ, лектор на Катедри за англистику Филолошког факултета у Београду мр ДУШИЦА БЛАЖИЋ, координатор за енглески језик Друштва за стране језике и књижевности Србије ИВАНА БРКОВИЋ, професор у Првој београдској гимназији у Београду

Лектор за енглески језик Jonathan Pendlebury, лектор на Филолошком факултету у Београду

Уредник СЛОБОДАНКА РУЖИЧИЋ Одговорни уредник ТАТЈАНА КОСТИЋ др ТАТЈАНА КОСТИЋ Главни уредник др МИЛОРАД МАРЈАНОВИЋ МАРЈАНОВИЋ За издавача др МИЛОРАД МАРЈАНОВИЋ, МАРЈАНОВИЋ, в.д. директора в. д. директора Министар просвете, науке и технолошког развоја Републике Србије, решењем број 650-02-418/2018-03 од 7. фебруара 2019. године, одобрио је овај уџбеник за издавање и употребу у првом разреду средње школе.

CIP -- Каталогизација Каталогизација уу публикацији публикацији CIP Народна библиотека Србије, Београд Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 37.016:811.111(075.3) 37.016:811.111(075.3) КОВАЧЕВИЋ, КОВАЧЕВИЋ, Катарина, Катарина, 19421942Improving English Improving English 11 ::енглески енглескијезик језикзазапрви првиразред разред гимназија гимназија и средњих стручних школа : девета и средњих стручних школа : девета годинагодина учења учења / Катарина /Ковачевић, Катарина Ковачевић, Гордана; Марковић ; [илустрације Гордана Марковић [илустрације Душан Лакићевић]. Душан - 4. за изд.

- Београд2020 : Завод за уџбенике, 4. изд. -Лакићевић]. Београд : Завод уџбенике, (Београд : АМД систем).

2020 (Београд : АМД систем).

172 стр. : илустр. ; 27 cm + 1 - 172 стр. : илустр. ; 27 cm електронски оптички диск (CD-ROM ; 12 cm) Тираж 8.500. - World List: str. 170-172. Тираж 8.500. - World List: str. 170-172.

ISBN 978-86-17-20184-3 ISBN 978-86-17-20184-3 1. Марковић, Гордана, 1951- [аутор] 1. Марковић, Гордана, 1951- [аутор] COBISS.SR-ID 283772428 COBISS.SR-ID 283772428

ISBN 978-86-17-20184-3 © Завод за уџбенике, Београд (2015-2020) Ово дело не сме се умножавати, фотокопирати и на било који други начин репродуковати, ни у целини ни у деловима, без писменог одобрења издавача.

Cover page: King’s Cross Station, London (Depositphotos)

CONTENTS UNIT 1 – Great Britain ........................................................................................................................................... 6 What is Britain famous for?................................................................................................................................7 What do we know about the British? ..............................................................................................................13 Schooling in Britain ..........................................................................................................................................19 UNIT 2 – Famous people .......................................................................................................................................22 Ivo Andrić ...........................................................................................................................................................23 Albert Einstein ...................................................................................................................................................28 Novak Đoković .................................................................................................................................................36 UNIT 3 – Threats to Earth......................................................................................................................................38 About tornadoes ................................................................................................................................................39 A threat from the universe ...............................................................................................................................43 A devastating tsunami.......................................................................................................................................52 UNIT 4 – Good morning, America ......................................................................................................................54 America’s past .....................................................................................................................................................55 National diversity...............................................................................................................................................61 The school system in the USA .........................................................................................................................68 UNIT 5 – Traditional holidays .............................................................................................................................70 New Year’s celebrations .....................................................................................................................................71 New Year’s celebrations all over the world .....................................................................................................76 Chinese horoscopes ...........................................................................................................................................82 UNIT 6 – Our green planet ....................................................................................................................................84 Our world in danger ..........................................................................................................................................85 The Amish don’t pollute the Earth ..................................................................................................................90 Global warming – global warning ...................................................................................................................96 UNIT 7 – The media ................................................................................................................................................98 Different types of media ...................................................................................................................................99 The importance of Facebook .........................................................................................................................103 News extracts ...................................................................................................................................................112 UNIT 8 – The generation gap ..............................................................................................................................114 The generation gap – does it exist? ................................................................................................................115 Appreciate what you have ...............................................................................................................................122 Fashion through the decades .........................................................................................................................128 UNIT 9 – A friend in need is a friend indeed ...................................................................................................130 The importance of friendship ........................................................................................................................131 The burden of the past ....................................................................................................................................138 That’s what friends are for...............................................................................................................................142 UNIT 10 – Holiday destinations .........................................................................................................................144 Your destination this year – Serbia ................................................................................................................145 Natural wonders ..............................................................................................................................................152 Key to self-assessment tests .................................................................................................................................154 Grammar summary ...............................................................................................................................................155 Texts for listening comprehension......................................................................................................................164 List of irregular verbs ............................................................................................................................................168 Word list...................................................................................................................................................................170

PLAN OF THE BOOK

Unit 1

Great Britain A What is Britain famous for?

B What do we know about the British?

C Schooling in Britain Grammar The present simple and continuous tenses; State and activity verbs Vocabulary Prepositions of time; Making adjectives Speaking Family life in your town; British homes Listening My daily routine Writing Writing about daily routines Communication Expressing goodwill; General greetings and inquiries; Asking about present activities Page 6-21

Unit 2

Famous people A Ivo Andrić B Albert Einstein C Novak Đoković Grammar The past simple and continuous tenses; used to and would; The possessive form Vocabulary Prepositions of place; Making adjectives; Phrasal verbs with stand; Facial features Speaking The greatest Serbs of all time; Retell the anecdote ‘Einstein’s chauffeur’ Listening Sean Connery as James Bond Writing Albert Einstein’s biography Communication Accepting and refusing Page 22-37

Unit 3

Threats to Earth A About tornadoes B A threat from the universe Page 38-53 C A devastating tsunami Grammar The present perfect tense; Expressing the future; Modal verbs Vocabulary Adjectives ending in-ed and -ing; Phrasal verbs with set; Weather words Speaking Natural disasters Listening Chasing tornadoes: More than just a thrill Writing An article written for a school magazine about the threat of aliens Communication Asking for permission or making requests

Unit 4

Good morning, America A America’s past B National diversity C The school system in the USA Grammar The past perfect and the past simple tenses; Reflexive and indefinite pronouns/adverbs Vocabulary Verbs + prepositions; Phrases with keep; Making nouns with suffixes; Phrasal verbs with break; British and American English Speaking The colonization of America; About your country Listening New York City – past and present Writing Famous Americans Communication Expressing opinions Page 54-69

Unit 5

Traditional festivals A New Year’s celebrations B New Year’s celebrations all over the world C Chinese horoscope Grammar Articles; Relative clauses Vocabulary Prepositions used with adjectives; Phrasal verbs with give; Linking words Speaking Talking about customs related to the celebration of the New Year Listening New Year’s Eve in Japan Writing Writing a greetings card with best wishes for a friend Communication Expressing good wishes Page 70-83

Page 84-97

Our green planet A Our world in danger B The Amish do not pollute the Earth C Global warming – global warning

Grammar Vocabulary Speaking Listening Writing Communication

The passive voice; The gerund; Numbers Expressions and phrasal verbs with hand; Prefixes and suffixes used to form verbs Keep the environment clean Famous sites in danger An opinion essay Expressing likes, dislikes and preferences

Unit 7 Page 98-113

The media A Different types of media B The importance of Facebook as a social networking site C News extracts

Grammar Vocabulary Speaking Listening Writing Communication

Countable and uncountable nouns; Plural of nouns; The infinitive Phrasal verbs with go; Expressions with time; Difficult pairs: effect – affect The advantages of the Internet Television addiction Describe a soap/sitcom you are familiar with Finding things in common; Agreeing and disagreeing

Unit 8 Page 114-129

The generation gap A The generation gap – does it exist?

B Appreciate what you have C Fashion through the decades

Grammar Vocabulary Speaking Listening Writing Communication

Reported speech – Statements and questions; Sequence of tenses Making new words with negative prefixes; Phrasal verbs with bring Class discussion about the various problems of the young The generation gap My relationship with my parents Making suggestions

Unit 9 Page 130-143

A friend in need is a friend indeed A The importance of friendship B The burden of the past C That’s what friends are for

Grammar Vocabulary Speaking Listening Writing Communication

Conditional sentences; Adverbs; Reported commands; Quantifiers Prepositional phrases with at; Expressions with take; Phrasal verbs with look Expressing opinions on friendship A broken friendship Writing about a time you and your friend had terrific fun together Asking for and giving advice

Unit 10

Holiday destinations A Your destination this year – Serbia B Natural wonders

Page 144-153 Grammar Vocabulary Speaking Listening Writing

Adjectives Words used for describing places; Words related to travelling For or against canoeing; Travelling by air A telephone conversation Writing a short article for a brochure on a major tourist attraction in Serbia

PLAN OF THE BOOK

Unit 6

UNIT

1

GREAT BRITAIN A What is Britain famous for?

B What do we know about the British?

C Schooling in Britain In this unit, you will a. read, listen and talk about • Great Britain • the most famous Britons • how average British families live and their daily routines • the most visited British landmarks • schooling in Britain b. practise • the present simple and continuous tenses • prepositions of time • making adjectives • expressing greetings and inquiries

LEAD-IN In 2002, over a million British people voted to find the Greatest Britons of all time. Here is a selection of those who were at the top of the list.

Match the people with the captions below.

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_________________ was the most famous British Prime Minister of the 20th century. _________________ was one of the most photographed members of the Royal Family. _________________ was widely regarded as the greatest writer of the English language. _________________ was a member of the Beatles, the biggest rock band of the 1960s. _________________ was one of the most famous kings of England who married six times. _________________ was a mathematician and a scientist. (the theory of gravitation, etc.) _________________ has been a famous singer for a long time. _________________ was a British naturalist who developed the theory of evolution.

Track 1

READING

UNIT 1A

WHAT IS GREAT BRITAIN FAMOUS FOR?

Great Britain is famous for many things: its long history, its Royal Family, its well-known scientists, writers, artists, pop stars, sports personalities, and its Scottish kilts and pipes. However, we mustn’t forget London’s red double-decker buses, Wimbledon and the country’s massive cathedrals and legendary sites, either. It is also famous for its breakfast, its afternoon tea, its pubs, the legend of Robin Hood, and numerous other things.

BIG BEN Big Ben is one of London’s best-known tourist landmarks. It looks really spectacular at night when the clock faces are illuminated. The name ‘Big Ben’ actually refers not to the clock-tower, but to the huge thirteen tonne bell that sounds every hour. The clock is famous for its accuracy. It has slowed down only once – on New Year’s Eve 1962 because of heavy snow, causing it to ring in the New Year 10 minutes late.

The bells of the Great Clock rang out across London for the first time in 1859, and Parliament had a special sitting to decide on a suitable name for the great hour bell. During the debate, Sir Benjamin Hall, a large, heavy man known by the nickname ‘Big Ben’, stood up and gave an impressive, long speech on the subject. When he finished, someone shouted out: “Why don’t we call it Big Ben?” That’s how the bell got its name. At least, this is the most commonly accepted story.

AFTERNOON TEA It is not a drink, but a small meal consisting of tea (or coffee) served with either delicious sweet food, such as biscuits and cakes, or sandwiches with cold meat, cheese on toast, etc.

Nowadays, most ordinary British families do not have time for afternoon tea at home, but in the past it was a tradition that became popular one hundred and fifty years ago, when rich ladies invited their friends to their houses for an afternoon cup of tea and started offering their guests sandwiches and cakes, too.

7

UNIT 1A

FOOTBALL Football is the most popular sport in England and offers everyone the chance to have fun, from children kicking a ball around in the school playground, to pub teams playing in parks on a Sunday afternoon, and the rich professionals playing in front of 40,000 spectators.

In 1848, England was the first country to develop a set of rules for football, and the Football League, established in 1888, was the first professional football league in the world. The highlight of the English football season is the FA Cup Final each May, and Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in English football history.

STONEHENGE This ancient stone circle is one of the wonders of the world. Without doubt, it is one of the most amazing prehistoric monuments and a complete mystery. We will never know why hundreds of people struggled for thousands of years to build it. Some people suggest that it was used for astronomical observation or religious rituals.

Glossary numerous – many, large in number to illuminate – to light up spectacular – very impressive delicious – tasty to establish – to start a company or organization; to set up COMPREHENSION

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1 Answer the following questions according to the information in the text.

1. How did Big Ben get its name?

2. When does the clock look especially nice?

3. How did the tradition of afternoon tea start?

4. What is served as afternoon tea?

5. Why is football so popular in Great Britain?

6. What is the biggest football event in England?

7. What are the possible reasons for the building of Stonehenge?

1 Can you guess the meanings of the highlighted words from the context? If necessary, use a dictionary to check the exact meaning. Then match the words with their definitions below and write them down.

UNIT 1A

a VOC ABULARY cb

1. the best or most exciting, interesting part _____________ 2. very surprising _____________ 3. a building or feature which is easily noticed ______________ 4. to try hard to do something _____________ 5. correct even in small details ______________ 6. right and proper _________________ 7. people who watch an activity, especially a sporting event _________________ 2 Complete the gaps using the words below in the correct form.

illuminate huge amazing struggle accuracy establish highlights spectator 1. The people of that country will continue in their ______________for independence.

2. The streets were ________________ with coloured lights.

3. His last three films have all been _______________ successes.

4. I think that ________________of the match will be shown after the news.

5. It’s ______________ what the boy can do when he wants to.

6. Unfortunately, they could not guarantee the _____________ of the figures.

7. My grandfather ________________ the family business in 1960.

8. They won 4-0 in front of 40,000 cheering ______________.

3 Match the words in column A to their opposites in column B. A

B

1. ancient

a. few

2. illuminate

b. tasteless

3. amazing

c. wrong/not proper

4. delicious

d. ordinary

5. suitable

e. modern

6. numerous

f. darken

4 Use the words from list A to make sentences.

Example: It’s amazing how clever dogs can be.

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UNIT 1A

PREPOSITIONS of TIME Study the use of prepositions and then do the exercise below.

1. We use IN before periods of time: parts of the day • months • seasons • years • decades and centuries I’ll see you in the morning. / I’m going to London in July.

2. We use ON before particular days and dates.

I’ll phone you on Monday. / We’re having a party on New Year’s Day. 3. We use AT before exact times • public holidays/festivals The bus leaves at 9.30. / I’m going to Rome at Easter.

• in certain phrases: She works at night. / I play tennis at the weekend.

Complete the sentences by using the correct preposition from the box.

at

on

in

1. I will meet you at the office ________ six o’clock sharp.

2. It will all be over ________ five minutes.

3. We are going to try to set off ________ daybreak.

4. I’ll see you ________ the beginning of the week.

5. The swallows leave the country ________ autumn.

6. The family are all gathering again ________Christmas.

7. I can’t tell you the results ________ the moment.

8. I’m sorry I can’t come as I have an appointment ________Thursday________ 2.30.

WORD FORMATION MAKING ADJECTIVES

A Study the list of suffixes used to make adjectives from verbs and nouns.

B Make adjectives using the given suffixes, making any necessary changes to the base word and being careful with spelling. Example: offend – offensive C Make sentences using the adjectives from box B. Example: Most people found the play horribly offensive.

A

10

B

C

6XI¿[

Adjective

Make adjectives of these words in the same way.

-ive -ical -ous -able -al

attractive biographical famous suitable professional

impress astronomy marvel honour practice

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

mass ____________ sociology ___________ mystery ____________ avoid ____________ tradition ____________

REVISION OF THE PRESENT SIMPLE AND THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSES 1 Identify the tenses in the sentences (1-9) and match them with the uses (a-i).

For more information, see the Grammar summary.

1. She rarely visits her grandparents.

2. She is moving house next week.

3. Her bus arrives at 8 p.m. tonight.

4. Our summers are getting warmer and warmer.

5. I think you are right.

6. They live in a very nice flat.

7. Water freezes at 0°C. 8. I’m working at a sports shop this week only.

9. She is entertaining some guests at the moment.

UNIT 1A

GRAMMAR

a. for a situation that we see as permanent b. to talk about repeated actions c. to talk about plans and arrangements d. for something happening now e. to express the future when it is a part of a timetable f. to talk about scientific facts g. for a situation that we see as temporary, for a short period h. for thoughts, feelings and states (facts) i. to describe things which are changing

2 Insert the appropriate verb form: the present simple or the present continuous.

1. She ______________ (sit) and _____________ (watch) a video, although she never ____________ (do) this when her husband ______________(be) at home.

2. My parents_______________ (have) a long conversation; I _______________ (wonder) what they __________________ (talk) about.

3. I ______________ (think) I can hear her. She ______________(talk) on the phone in the next room.

4. We ___________ (sit) here today because there___________(be) no heating in my room.

5. I _____________ (go) to the concert tonight. I ______________ (not/go) very often because I can’t afford it.

6. My mother ______________ (bake) a cake at the moment. She always _____________ (do) that for my birthday.

7. I ____________________(really/enjoy) myself at this party. I _____________ (want) to stay to the end.

3 Make sentences by putting the verbs into the present simple or present continuous.

Add any other words that you need.

1. my mother / always / tell / me / clean / my room 2. population / in Serbia / grow / older 3. we / save / money / a holiday / this year 4. why / you / wear / funny / hat / today?

5. how often / she / watch / MTV / evening?

6. at the moment / Susan / share / a flat / school-mate

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UNIT 1A

4 In pairs, talk about

what you do/don’t do in your free time. what you are doing this weekend. what you sometimes do on Sundays. what you never do in the evening.

LISTENING

Track 2

My Daily Routine Listen to three people (Stella, Helen and Peter) talking about their daily routines and do the exercises below.

1 Match the people p p and their daily activities.

Stella

a. goes out with friends. b. uses the computer at school.

Peter

c. has to register every morning. d. helps with the housework.

Helen

e. works with small children. f. doesn’t like getting up early.

2 Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them.

1. Stella likes going to school by bus.

2. Stella goes on a date with her boyfriend almost every day.

3. Peter has to wear a uniform at school.

4. Helen has English first class every day.

5. Peter thinks his daily routine is boring.

6. Helen goes on a course to study French.

3 Listen again and check your answers.

WRITING

Write a short composition describing your daily routine.

• Say what you usually do in the morning/afternoon (when you are not at school) and in the evening; mention what (if anything) you would like to be different and what you enjoy doing most.

• While writing, pay attention to punctuation and spelling, grammar and the use of adverbs of time. (See page 6, exercise 3 in the Workbook.)

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UNIT 1B

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE BRITISH? LEAD-IN Discuss the following questions.

1. Do you think people in different countries differ from one another?

2. In which of the following are differences most likely to be found:

a. culture

b. tradition

c. character

d. habits

e. taste

f. fashion

g. food

h. music?

3. Do you think that any of the following opinions about the British are true?

British people are reserved and formal.

They drink a lot of tea.

They constantly talk about the weather.

They like queuing.

They always carry umbrellas.

They never talk to people they do not know.

READING The following parts of sentences have been removed from the text. Read the text and decide in which numbered gap each part should go.

A a country of mixed culture B this is less true today C at five thirty D person does for two or three hours a day E during the twentieth century Nowadays, there is no such thing as a typical British family because it has changed a lot (1)___________. However, we can still talk about average British families, which are small, with only one or two children. The British prefer to live in houses rather than flats and the average British family lives in a semi-detached house with a garden. Many of the houses in cities are narrow terraced houses (three or more houses joined in a row), with only a small yard at the back.

As for their daily routine, the British tend to have a big breakfast before they go to work, while lunch or dinner (the name depends on where you live in the country) is normally eaten between 12.30 p.m. and 1.30 p.m. with work colleagues or classmates. Most people finish work (2) _______________ and it often takes them at least one hour to get home so people usually have their evening meal (known as dinner or tea) between 6.00 p.m. and 7.30 p.m. That still leaves time for a snack before bedtime known as ‘supper’.

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UNIT 1B

Saturday was traditionally the day for shopping and Sunday the day for rest, although (3)___________. However, many people still see Sunday as a chance to have a big dinner with the whole family around the kitchen table.

The most popular evening entertainment is watching television or a DVD, which the average (4)____________. They also like going out: visiting friends or going to the cinema, a restaurant or pub. The most popular hobby for adults is gardening and the most popular sports are football, rugby, cricket, tennis and golf.

Foreigners think the British are reserved in their manners, dress and speech and it is true in many ways. They are famous for their politeness (you are always expected to say ‘Please’, ‘Thank you’ and ‘Excuse me’), self-discipline and especially for their sense of humour.

In spite of their views, Britain is increasingly becoming (5)_______________, which means that stereotypes of the British are less and less true and often leads to the question ‘What do we mean by British today?’

Glossary semi-detached – a house joined to another by one shared wall to tend – to be likely to behave in a particular way; to have a tendency manners – ways of behaving or speaking stereotype – a fixed general idea that people have of someone or something COMPREHENSION 1 Answer the questions.

1. What can you say about the average British family?

2. What are the eating habits of the British?

3. What are their national characteristics said to be?

4. What can you say about the usual working day of the British?

2 Say whether these statements are true or not.

If not, correct them.

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1. The British prefer to live in apartments.

2. They have lunch with the members of their family.

3. Saturday is traditionally the day for shopping.

4. The British are known as a nation of gardeners.

5. All stereotypes of the British are true.

6. The British are famous for their politeness.

1 Match the word on the left with the word on the right that has a similar meaning.

1. politeness

a. ordinary

2. average

b. more and more

3. entertainment

c. good manners

4. adult

d. line

5. row

e. grown-up

6. increasingly

f. amusement

UNIT 1B

a VOC ABULARY cb

2 Match the words on the left (1-6) with the words that have the opposite meaning (a-f) on the right.

1. join

a. outgoing

2. narrow

b. rude

3. typical

c. wide

4. reserved

d. native

5. foreigner

e. separate

6. polite

f. uncharacteristic

SPEAKING y 1 Family life in your town

Describe the average family from your town. Think of the following: working hours / daily routine / entertainment / hobbies / types of homes 2 England has many types of homes. Look at the pictures and describe the houses.

Say what you like or dislike about them and which you would prefer to live in.

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UNIT 1B

GRAMMAR STATE AND ACTIVITY VERBS State verbs are verbs which are not normally used in the continuous tenses because they describe a state rather than action. These include: verbs of thinking and opinion: believe, know, mean, realize, etc.

I think you’re wrong. / We feel this letter should be changed.

verbs which express feelings/emotions: adore, dislike, despise, hate, like, etc.

They dislike me because of the way I’m living.

verbs of the senses: hear, see, feel, taste, etc.

I hear someone talking.

some other verbs: be, contain, deserve, seem, look (= seem), matter, weigh, come from, resemble, need, belong, possess, etc.

This medicine contains aspirin. / Mark weighs 70 kilos. / It belongs to my father.

Note: Some state verbs can be used in the continuous, but there is a difference in meaning: E.g. I’m thinking about my holiday. (= I am considering) I think she is an honest person. (= I believe) Are you seeing Tom today? (= Are you meeting Tom?) Ann is smelling a flower. (= an activity)

PRACTICE 1 Complete the table with the state verbs below.

understand, love, suppose, smell, want, taste, care, prefer, mean, own, wish, recognize, remember, expect, consider, look like, forget, agree/disagree, fit STATE VERBS

feelings and emotions like ___________________ ___________________

the senses hear ___________________ ___________________

other verbs be __________________ __________________

thinking and believing know ____________________ ____________________

2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form. Use the present continuous tense where possible.

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1. I _________________ you are feeling better. (see) 2. The green light _________________ you can go. (mean) 3. We __________________ a gradual improvement in sales of new cars. (expect) 4. Jim __________________ the soup. (taste) 5. He __________________ about asking his boss for a raise. (think) 6. I ____________________ you think it’s funny. (believe) 7. I’m sorry but I _________________what you want. (not understand) 8. This perfume __________________ nice. What is it? (smell)

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word in bold. You can use two to five words including the word given. Don’t change the word given. Study the example.

UNIT 1B

KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

My sister hasn’t bought a wedding dress yet. /looking My sister is still looking for a wedding dress.

1. We have made arrangements for a party on Sunday. /having We ________________________ a party on Sunday.

2. Do you have any plans for Saturday evening? /doing What _______________________________ Saturday evening?

3. Is this car yours? /own ____________________________ this car?

4. What is your sister’s appearance like? /look What __________________________ like?

5. She hasn’t woken up yet. /sleeping She _____________________________.

C O M M U N I C AT I O N 1 Expressions used … when someone is arriving Welcome!

Welcome back!

It’s good to meet/see you (again).

. . . when someone is leaving It’s been nice talking to you.

Have a good/nice day.

Have a nice trip.

Keep in touch.

2 General greetings and inquiries How’s it going? (=How are you?)

How’s everything?

3 Asking about present activities What’s up?

What’s happening?

Conversation practice Roleplay the following situations with a partner: 1 Arriving a) Your partner has just arrived at your home. What do you say? b) You haven’t seen your partner for a long time. What do you say? c) Your partner has just arrived at the airport in your city. Welcome him/her.

2 Leaving a) After a short conversation, your friend has to leave. What do you say to him/her? b) You are seeing your friend off at the airport. What do you say? c) Your partner is leaving a party that you hosted. What do you say?

17

UNIT 1B

CULTURE Culture, among other things, is a word for people’s way of life and the way they do things. Here are a few tips on how to behave in Great Britain or among the British.

• The usual formal greeting is ‘How do you do?’ It is a greeting, not a question and the correct response is to repeat ‘How do you do?’ You say this when shaking hands with someone. An appropriate response to an introduction is: I’m pleased to meet you. / Nice to meet you. / Pleased to meet you. It is only when you meet friends whom you haven’t seen for a long time that you would kiss their cheek. In Britain, one kiss is generally enough. If you want to introduce yourself to someone, extend your hand for a handshake and say ‘Hello, I am …’. The greeting can be Hi, Hello or Good morning / Good afternoon when you arrive at school or work.

• Say ‘Yes, please’ or ‘No, thank you’ when you are offered something to eat or drink.

• If you accidentally bump into somebody, say ‘Sorry’.

• Say ‘Excuse me’ if someone is blocking your way and you would like them to move.

• Stand in line and wait patiently for your turn (when boarding a bus, for instance).

• Avoid talking loudly in public.

• Do not ask personal questions.

• Never speak at the same time as someone else.

• When you don’t know how to start a conversation, make comments on the weather.

FAMOUS QUOTES Explain the meaning of the following thoughts.

• The less routine, the more of life. (Amos Bronson, American writer) • Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow.

IDIOMS & FIXED PHRASES Underline the correct word and explain the fixed phrases.

18

1. I think if you tell people how difficult the situation is, you will only make/do the matters worse.

2. We can find articles on that subject once in a blue moon/sky.

3. Keep in mind/head that we can never be sure what to expect.

SCHOOLING IN BRITAIN

UNIT 1C

ADDITIONAL READING G

How much do you know about British schools? Before you read the text, discuss the following statements in class. Then read the text to see if your answers were correct.

True False 1. British and Serbian schools differ greatly in many aspects.

2. Pupils can leave school at the age of 16.

3. If they have bad marks, they have to repeat the year.

4. They have to pass a certain number of exams at the age of 16 and 18.

Jason Clark and Petar Savić are Facebook friends.

This is one of many correspondences between the two of them.

P: Among other things, I’d like to know more about your school and to see how much it differs from mine.

J: There are probably many differences between schools in Britain and schools in your country. I’m in Year 9 at a comprehensive school. It is a mixed school for boys and girls between the ages of 11 and 18.

P: In my school we only use computers for Computer Science lessons, but we hope to get more computers soon.

What do you use your computers for?

J: We use Tablets PCs to do our work on and to search the Internet. They are connected to a Network so we can send our work straight to our teachers and they can send it back with their comments. It is very convenient because we don’t have to carry loads of books around and it is much quicker working on a laptop.

P: If you have bad marks, do you repeat the year?

J: Promotion to a higher class every year is almost automatic. We never repeat the year. But at sixteen some pupils leave school and get jobs. Most pupils take national examinations called GCSEs, though. Pupils pass or fail individual subjects. They might have one, five, or ten GCSEs, meaning they have passed examinations in that number of subjects. What about your exams?

P: We attend secondary school for 4 years and then we sit some exams - it depends on our plans for our future studies at University. What do you do after GCSEs? J: Pupils who continue their studies go into the sixth form to study for two more years and then take more public exams at advanced level - the A level examinations. Good grades at A level will qualify pupils for entrance to higher education or improve their job prospects.

P: Now I know much more about education in Britain. If I get good grades, I might study there. Who knows!

19 Note: Comprehensive school is a state secondary school for local children of all abilities.

UNIT 1C

QUIZ HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW LONDON? Look at the pictures of London and match the landmarks to their descriptions.

1. _________________ Through its long history, this fortress has served as a royal palace, a state prison and a jewel house. Today it is open to the public as a museum.

2. ________________ This is an indoor facility with swimming pools. It is located in the Olympic Park and the London 2012 Summer Olympics took place there.

3. __________________ It is known as the Houses of Parliament. The two houses of parliament of the United Kingdom have their sittings there.

4. _________________ It was built and named in honour of the British victory against Napoleon, led by Admiral Lord Nelson, at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Dominating the square is the 56m high Nelson’s Column, guarded by four bronze lions.

5. __________________It is a huge big wheel which dominates the river skyline opposite Parliament. One can enjoy a wonderful view of up to 25 miles. It can carry 800 passengers at a time on a thirty-minute ride.

6. __________________It has been the official London residence of the Royal Family since 1837.

Every morning the Changing of the Guard ceremony takes place here.

20

Trafalgar Square

The London Eye

Buckingham Palace

Tower of London

The London Aquatics Centre

The Palace of Westminster

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word from the list.

1. They teach their children good ___________, so they behave well.

2. This clock is well-known for its _________________.

3. They went on a city tour and admired the ____________ of Edinburgh.

4. I like her new book. It is ________________.

5. The ____________ of the event was the appearance of the author herself.

6. We enjoyed the view of the city _____________ by thousands of lights.

KEY WORD LIST

Verbs accept establish illuminate struggle tend

SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST 1

a VOC ABULARY cb

WORD FORMATION 2 Put the words from the list into the correct place in the table and add other words you know to fill in the table.

Verb impress suit drink marvel

Adjective

Noun profession religion fame tradition

Adjective

Nouns landmark accuracy highlight spectator manners stereotype politeness row

GRAMMAR 3 Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or continuous tense.

1. ‘Where’s my dress?’- ‘I ________________(iron) it.’

2. Susan never gets up early enough to get to work and always __________ (get) into trouble at work.

3. Can you see Tania in the crowd? She ________________(carry) an umbrella although it _______________ (not/rain).

4. We _____________ (not/know) anything about our new neighbours.

5. Look how fast that woman _________________ (drive).

2 Explain the difference in the use of state verbs in each pair below.

a) I’m smelling the rose. b) The rose smells nice.

a) She looks nice, doesn’t she? b) She is looking at the shop window.

a) Are you seeing your friend tonight? b) I see what you mean.

a) She has plenty of money b) She is having lunch now.

Adjectives ancient amazing average famous impressive religious professional suitable

Expressions as for without doubt at least

21

Key p. 154

UNIT

2

FAMOUS PEOPLE A Ivo Andrić B Albert Einstein C Novak Đoković In this unit, you will a. read, listen and talk about • famous people b. practise • the past simple/continuous tenses • the possessive form • prepositions of place • making adjectives • phrasal verbs with stand • expressing requests and polite refusals

LEAD-IN Look at the pictures and discuss these questions.

22

Who are these people? What do you know about them? What have they done to become famous?

Do people become famous more often because they are good looking or because of their achievements?

Who are the most photographed celebrities in your country?

Which media devote themselves to celebrity news and gossip?

Do you think that celebrities should be constantly in the public eye?

Track 5

Look quickly through the text and find the information you need.

UNIT 2A

,92 $1'5,ý 1. Ivo Andrić was not only a writer but also a ______________.

2. What kind of prize did he receive? ________________ 3. The story of his book The Bridge on the Drina takes place in_____________.

4. Besides novels he wrote ______________________.

READING The history of the Balkans is full of colourful and important figures. Ivo Andrić, a distinguished diplomat, an influential poet, novelist, and a Nobel Prize winner, is certainly one of them.

His works reveal his philosophy and sympathy for the sufferings of people and they are written in an objective and serious way, in language of great beauty and purity.

Ivo Andrić (1892–1975) was born in the Bosnian town of Travnik. He was educated in many towns and received his doctorate in history in Graz in 1924. He was in the diplomatic service from 1921 to 1941. He left Berlin in 1941 to settle in Belgrade and devoted his time exclusively to writing. He wrote his major works The Bridge on the Drina, The Bosnian Story and Miss during World War II and published them in 1945. After the war, he wrote many short stories and essays. In 1961, this powerful l d iinto all ll the h maprose writer received the Nobel Prize in Literature. His works have bbeen translated jor world languages.

He found the material for his works mainly in the folklore and culture of his native Bosnia under the Ottoman Empire. The Nobel Prize committee particularly praised “the epic force with which he depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country”, especially in his best-known book, a historical fiction, The Bridge on the Drina.

The Bridge on the Drina is a book about civilization and its changes. Its focus is on the lives, destinies and relationships of the local inhabitants of a quiet Bosnian town, where the bridge is the central and everlasting feature. This masterpiece is a remarkable depiction of social changes in Bosnia from the late 16th century to the beginning of World War I.

23

UNIT 2A

Glossary distinguished – known because of some quality, importance or achievement purity – cleanness to praise – to admire, express a favourable opinion to depict – to describe; to represent in words depiction – description

COMPREHENSION Read the text again and decide whether the information in sentences 1-5 is true or false. If false, give the correct answer.

1. Ivo Andrić was educated in Travnik.

2. He studied literature.

3. He mainly wrote about the people of his native Bosnia.

4. The Nobel Committee commented on his impressive style especially.

5. The Bridge on the Drina describes a period of several years.

a VOC ABULARY cb 1 Match the highlighted words in the text (1-7) to their explanations (a-g).

1. to reveal 2. exclusively 3. destiny 4. masterpiece 5. remarkable 6. to settle 7. to devote

a. worthy of remark or notice; unusual or surprising b. the greatest work made or done by a person or group c. to make a place one’s permanent home d. to make known e. particularly, entirely f. to spend most of one’s time and energy on something g. fate

2 Use words from Exercise 1 and the Glossary in their correct form to complete these sentences.

1. He is a _______________ nuclear medical physician.

2. The expression on his face _______________ how he felt.

3. He managed to_____________ the events in his stories in quite an interesting way.

4. The Lord of the Rings trilogy is a cinematic _______________.

5. Everybody agrees that this is an example of absolute _______________ of sound.

6. He is a truly _______________ sportsman and an excellent role model for young people.

7. When they _____________, we will come round for dinner.

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A contrast celebrated remarkable major

B reveal complexity

UNIT 2A

3 Find words in box B which have the opposite meaning to the words in box A. Use a dictionary to help you.

conceal minor simplicity ordinary similarity unknown

4 Choose 5-6 words from those given in Exercise 3 and write sentences to illustrate their meaning.

Example: Everybody accused him of concealing the truth.

WORD FORMATION MAKING ADJECTIVES 2

A Study the list of suffixes used to make adjectives from nouns.

B Make adjectives using the given suffixes, making any necessary changes to the base word and being careful with spelling.

C Write sentences using the adjectives from box B. Example: sun – sunny :H HQMR\HG ZDONLQJ WKURXJK WKH ¿HOGV EHFDXVH LW ZDV YHU\ sunny.

A Suffix -ic -ful -y -ly

B Adjective historic powerful windy daily

C Make adjectives from these nouns diplomat/geography ______________________ colour/hope ______________________ storm/sun ______________________ week/friend ______________________

GRAMMAR THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

We use the past simple for an action that happened at a definite time in the past or to tell a story.

The time expressions we use with the past tense are: yesterday, then, when, last week/year, three days/weeks ago, in 1989, How long ago …? etc.

He left Berlin in 1941 to settle in Belgrade.

When did you last see him?

She didn’t buy any books yesterday.

For more information, see the Grammar summary.

25

UNIT 2A

PRACTICE 1 Write the verbs in the positive, negative or question forms of the past simple.

Jane: You know, last night _______(be) terrible. I ________ (lock) myself out of the house.

Laura: Oh, no! What___________________ (you/do) then?

Jane: I ____________ (go) round the house and I ___________(look) for an open window.

Laura: ____________________ (you/find) one?

Jane: There _________(not/be) any on the ground floor, but there ______ (be) one upstairs.

Laura: It’s a pity you _________________ (not/call) us. You’re always welcome to stay here.

2 Read the following conversation and fill in the gaps using the verbs in the box in the correct form.

do

play (2)

call

buy (2)

not be

visit

go

Michael: Hi, Susan! I __________you on Friday, but you ____________at home.

What _________you __________last weekend?

Susan: I did a lot of things. On Saturday, first I ___________my cousin and then I ____________ shopping.

Michael: _________you ____________anything?

Susan: Yes, I _____________ a new bag. And on Sunday I ___________ tennis.

Michael: Who __________you __________ with?

Susan: A friend.

READING AND VOCABULARY 1 Read the text below and circle the answer A, B, or C which best fits each gap.

The Bridge on the Drina Plot: The book chronicles the bridge and the town for (1)________ three centuries. It is (2)________ with memorable characters, soldiers, lovers, saloon-keepers, priests, and town leaders.

Almost from the beginning of the book, Andrić focuses (3)________ a small boy taken (4)________ his mother as part of the tax that Christians had to pay. Andrić describes how the mothers of these children follow their sons crying, (5)________ they reach a river which the children are taken

26

Višegrad

1. A over 2. A loaded 3. A at 4. A from

B more B filled B on B of

C lengthy C full C to C by

5. A when 6. A Yet 7. A yet 8. A in

B while B Even B nevertheless B on

UNIT 2A

across by ferry and the mothers can no longer follow. That child becomes a Muslim and, taking a Turkish name (Mehmed, later Mehmed pasha Sokolović), is promoted quickly and around the age of 60 becomes Grand Vizier. (6)________, that moment of separation (7)________ disturbs him and he decides to order the building of a bridge (8)________ the point on the river where he was parted from his mother.

C until C Despite C still C at

2 Use the adjectives (1-6) to describe other nouns.

Example: remarkable - remarkable achievement; talent; theory…

1. colourful __________________ 2. influential __________________ 3. powerful __________________

4. everlasting __________________ 5. distinguished __________________ 6. memorable __________________

3 Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any four phrases and make sentences using them.

1. to devote your time_____ ; 2. to translate ______ another language; 3. to comment_______ something; 4. to focus ____ something; 5.to be opposed _______ ; 6. to part ________ a friend; 7. to settle ______ a place SPEAKING y 1 Who would you vote for as the Greatest Serbs of all time?

2 Look at the photographs of some famous Serbs and say who they are and what you know about them.

WRITING

• Think about a famous person you know something about (an artist, a musician, a politician, a sportsman, etc.) and write a few lines about them. Don’t reveal their identity. Use he or she.

• Read your sentences and the rest of the class should guess who you are describing.

27

UNIT 2B

ALBERT EINSTEIN Before you read the biographical notes, answer these questions.

• Albert Einstein is famous for a number of reasons. Can you mention any of them?

• What is his best-known accomplishment?

• Look at his photo. How would you describe his appearance?

READING The 20th century produced many great minds. Albert Einstein clearly stands out as the greatest of all. The name of this absent-minded professor with piercing eyes, wild hair, an extraordinary, brilliant mind and engaging humanity became a synonym for genius. Time magazine named him as the Person of the Century at the end of 1999.

Einstein, (born in Germany in 1879, died in the USA in 1955) developed the theory of relativity which became a basis for spectacular technological developments in many fields, including gravitation and the study of the cosmos.

In 1921, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1933, he went to the United States where he spent his later years.

Now you are going to read a true anecdote about Albert Einstein and his theory of relativity.

EINSTEIN’S CHAUFFEUR

Track 6

Albert Einstein used to tour the various Universities in the United States, giving lectures on his famous theory wherever he went. He was always accompanied by his faithful chauffeur, Harry, who attended each of these lectures and sat in the back row. One fine day, while Einstein was getting into his car after finishing a lecture, Harry said to him, “Professor Einstein, I’ve heard your lecture on Relativity so many times. If I ever have the opportunity, I will be able to deliver it perfectly myself!”

“Very well,” replied Einstein, “I’m going to visit Dartmouth next week. They don’t know me there.

You can be Einstein and give the lecture, and I’ll be Harry!”

And that is what happened. Harry gave the lecture perfectly, while Einstein sat in the driver’s uniform in the back row pretending to be his chauffeur and enjoying a snooze for a change.

Just as Harry was walking off the stage, however, one of the students stopped him and began to ask him a question on the theory of relativity.... one that involved a lot of complex calculations and equations. Harry replied, “The answer to this question is very simple! In fact, it’s so simple that I’m going to let my chauffeur answer it!”

28

absent-minded – being so lost in thought that you are forgetful or preoccupied piercing – sharp snooze – a short, light sleep; nap equation – a mathematical statement saying that two amounts or values are the same

UNIT 2B

Glossary

COMPREHENSION 1 Answer the following questions.

1. Why did Einstein travel across the USA? 2. How did it happen that Einstein’s chauffeur was able to deliver the lecture?

3. What was Einstein doing while his chauffeur was delivering the lecture?

4. Was Harry confused by the student’s question?

2 Make questions for the following answers.

1. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics.

2. In 1933.

3. On his theory of relativity.

4. After finishing a lecture.

5. In the back row.

6. He delivered the lecture perfectly.

7. When he was walking off the stage.

SPEAKING y Retell the anecdote about Einstein.

a VOC ABULARY cb 1 Explain the meanings of the highlighted words and choose a word or phrase from the list below that is a synonym for each of them. There is one word more than you need.

include

give

go with

loyal

organize

to be present

2 Use the following words in the correct form to complete the sentences.

snooze

faithful

attend

accompany pretend

spectacular

1. My grandfather often ____________ in front of the television.

2. If you _______________ someone, you go somewhere with them.

3. I want all the students to ____________ this lecture.

4. His ______________ old dog accompanied him everywhere he went.

5. We admired the _______________views of the lake from the house.

6. She isn’t really hurt – she is only _______________.

29

UNIT 2B

3 Use the correct preposition.

1. He delivered lectures _______ his famous theory of Relativity.

2. He was accompanied ________ his chauffeur.

3. He used to sit _______ the back row.

4. Let’s go out _______ a change.

5. He replied _________ the assistant.

6. He died _______ a heart attack.

4 Complete the collocations (1-12) to describe some facial features. Choose the most suitable words from the box. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. Use your dictionary if necessary.

eyebrows bone structure eyes cheeks/cheekbones jaw nose skin smile teeth dimples forehead eyelashes 1. high cheekbones 2. a big __________ 3. full __________ 4. tender __________

5. a square 6. smooth 7. piercing 8. a gentle

________ ________ ________ ________

lips face

9. long __________ 10. arched __________ 11. strong __________ 12. a turned-up __________

5 Think about people that you know with expressive features and interesting faces.

Describe them to the class. Try to use the collocations from Exercise 4.

PHRASAL VERBS The combination of verbs and prepositional or adverbial particles is generally called a phrasal verb, e.g. look after, give up, bring back.

The meaning of the words in combination can differ greatly from when they are used independently. − She took the book from my hand. − The plane took off. (left the ground) PHRASAL VERBS with STAND 1 Study the meanings of the phrasal verbs and do the exercise below.

stand by – to remain loyal to; aid or support stand for – to represent; symbolize stand in – to do someone else’s job for a short time (because the other person is ill or on holiday) stand out – to attract attention; to be very noticeable; to be much better than other similar things or people 30

1. Everybody in the class admires him because he always _________ his friends.

2. What do the letters BBC ______________?

3. We have lots of good students this year, but one __________ from the rest.

4. The lecturer didn’t turn up, so we had to find somebody who would____________.

UNIT 2B

2 Complete the sentences using a phrase with the verb stand.

Example: I noticed John immediately because he stood out in the crowd.

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE Study the use of prepositions and then do the exercise below.

We use IN with an enclosed space and larger areas (cities, states, countries), e.g. in the kitchen / in the north of England / in Belgrade.

We use ON when we talk about a place as a surface or as a line, e.g. on the first floor / on the road to Paris / on the wall.

We use AT when we talk about a particular point, with addresses, with social activities, e.g at the bus stop / at the cinema / at the meeting / at work / at the bottom / at 22, Bond Street.

Some common expressions: in the photo/picture, in a queue, in the street, in the sky on the farm/island, on this page, on the beach, on the left at home, at work/school, at the back Fill in the gaps with the prepositions in, on or at.

1. We spent the whole holiday _______ the beach.

2. There were a lot of people ______ the conference.

3. I’ll meet you _______ the airport.

4. The Smiths now live ______ 23, King Street.

5. I met her _______ Oxford Street the other day.

6. Her house is _______ the right, and the flat is _______ the twenty-first floor.

7. Rob and Paul are ________ the middle of the picture, and their uncle is _______ the left.

8. He is sitting ________ an armchair, and his guitar is _______ a small chair.

9. Portsmouth is a town _________ the south of England, and it is ________ the coast.

10. My son is not ______home; he is _______ school.

31

UNIT 2B

GRAMMAR THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Here are the basic uses of the past continuous tense: 1. to describe actions in progress over a period of time or a particular time in the past. We often use all to emphasize continuity.

He was working on his essay all night.

I was having dinner at 8 o’clock yesterday.

2. to express an activity which was in progress when something else happened.

We often use conjunctions: when, as, while We were sleeping when the phone rang.

3. to express two or more parallel actions.

While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking.

For more information, see the Grammar summary.

PRACTICE 1 Use the verbs in the box in the past continuous to complete the sentences below.

get

talk

do

rain

stand

have

1. The children started fighting while their mother _______________on the phone.

2. We ________________________ supper when we heard thunder.

3. It __________________________ hard all day yesterday.

4. Just as I _______________ to an interesting part of the story, the doorbell rang.

5. What ________you ___________when the storm started?

6. They __________________ around Michael when I entered the classroom.

2 Use the verbs in brackets in either the past simple or the past continuous form to complete the sentences.

1. He ________________ (watch) TV when the phone _______________ (ring).

2. He _______________(turn) down the sound and ______________(go) to answer it.

3. You looked very busy when I __________ (see) you last night. What ___________ (you/do)?

4. He __________________(not/allow) us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind ____________________(blow).

5. When I first ____________ (meet) him a few years ago, he ________________(work) in a bank.

6. While we_________________ (work) in the garden, someone ______________(come) 32

to the house and _______________ (leave) this note.

UNIT 2B

3 Complete the conversational exchanges.

1. A: I bought a new dress yesterday. (How much/cost?)

B: ________________________________________

2. A: I was talking to Sandra when Alice came in. (What/talk about?)

B: ________________________________________ 3. A: We finally answered all those letters last night. (What time/finish?)

B: ________________________________________ 4. A: I saw your sister at the party last night. (What/she/wear?)

B: ________________________________________ 5. A: I saw something strange when I was walking home yesterday evening. (What/see?)

B: ________________________________________ PAST HABITS USED TO and WOULD Used to is used to express past facts or past habits.

He used to live in that house.

I used to smoke a lot, but fortunately, I don’t smoke any more.

Would can also be used in place of used to to talk about regular activities or habits in the past, but it is not used for states.

He would always bring flowers when he came to visit me.

PRACTICE 1 Role play – Past habits

Student A asks a question with used to and the verb given and student B gives true answers.

Talk about your past habits (when you went to primary school, kindergarten, etc).

Use the following words/expressions: play, go to bed, hobby, learn, collect, do after school/in the evening.

Example: A: Where did you use to play when you were eight years old?

B: I used to play in the nearby park.

2 Rewrite the sentences below in your notebook using would or used to.

Examples: When she came to Belgrade, we went to the cinema together.

When she came to Belgrade, we would/used to go to the cinema together.

When I was a child, we lived in the country.

When I was a child, we used to live in the country. (You can’t use would for states.)

1. He wrote to me when we were students, and then stopped.

2. When she was in the fifth grade, she often went to school by bike.

3. My father is a teacher now, but he worked as a journalist after his graduation.

4. She always handed her tests in first when we were at secondary school.

5. When she was young, she liked to criticize her brother, but now she admires him.

33

UNIT 2B

THE POSSESSIVE FORM Look at these sentences:

1. Einstein’s chauffeur attended each of the scientist’s lectures sitting in the back row.

2. Einstein put on the driver’s uniform and sat in the back row.

1. We express possession by adding…

• an apostrophe + s after a singular noun or plural noun not ending in -s: Jane’s bedroom, the children’s playground.

• only an apostrophe after a plural noun ending in -s: my two boys’ school.

2. The possessive ’s structure is used to talk about something that belongs to a particular person (Kate’s hair), group of people (Mary and Peter’s son), country or town (London’s traffic), or animal (the cat’s tail).

It is also used with personal indefinite pronouns (someone’s glasses), in some expressions of time (yesterday’s newspaper; in two weeks’ time) or in phrases of place (at the butcher’s).

3. Double possessive …of…+ possessive ’s Kate is a friend of Nathan’s. (One of Nathan’s friends)

PRACTICE Complete the sentences using the words in brackets with the Saxon genitive.

1. Have you seen ______________________________ (latest film/Tom Cruise)?

2. We are planning _______________________________ (holiday/two weeks).

3. The teacher spoke to ____________________________ (parents/the boy).

4. We got a letter from _______________________ (cousin/our friend) who lives in Australia.

5. I found __________________________________ in the street.(wallet/somebody) LISTENING

Track 7

Sean Connery as James Bond 1 Pre-listening activity

1. Have you seen any James Bond films? Did you like them? Why/Why not?

2. Who played the role of Bond in those films? a. Sean Connery b. Roger Moore c. Daniel Craig d. other actors 2. You are going to listen to how Sean Connery became famous as the first actor who said: ‘My name is Bond. James Bond’.

3 Listen to the text once again and complete the sentences.

34

1. Sean had to work at an early age because ___________________________________________.

2. He couldn’t stay in the Navy _____________________________________________________.

3. Connery became a star playing ___________________________________________________.

4. Goldfinger became a huge hit because of_____________________________________________.

5. The money he earned from Diamonds Are Forever was donated _________________________.

1 Use the notes below to write a biography of Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Add as many words as you need to connect the information and years provided. You may include any other relevant information about Albert Einstein that you think is important. Organize the information in chronological order.

1879 1885 1894 1896 1903 1905 1914 1919 1921 1933

UNIT 2B

WRITING

the German-American physicist / the greatest physicist of all time born into a Jewish family in Ulm, Germany began his schooling in Munich the Einstein family moved to Italy studied Physics and Mathematics in Switzerland / graduated at age 17 / met Mileva Marić (the only woman studying Mathematics) married Mileva Marić / had a daughter and two sons obtained his doctor’s degree lived in Berlin divorced / married again the same year awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics emigrated to America for political reasons / worked at Princeton University gained numerous awards

E.g. Albert Einstein is considered to be the most famous scientist of all time. He was born...

C O M M U N I C AT I O N ACCEPTING AND REFUSING The following are some of the phrases used for accepting and refusing.

Accepting

Refusing

1.Would you like some …?

2. Would you like to …. (go see a movie)?

Yes, please. / Sure. Thanks Okay. Sounds good.

Sure. I’d love to. / Yeah. Good idea.

No, thank you. / No, but thanks for offering.

I’m sorry, but I can’t.

No, but thanks for inviting me.

3. How about some more… (pie)?

All right. Thanks.

Looks good. Thanks.

No, thanks.

I’m really full. Thanks anyway.

4. How about going … (skiing this weekend)?

Sounds like fun.

All right. When and where?

Sorry. I’m busy this weekend.

I don’t think I can.

How about some other time?

PRACTICE Pair work. With a partner, practise accepting and refusing in the following situations: A B 1. Here. Have a cookie.

1. Oh, _____________________ 2. How about a glass of wine?

2. No, _____________________ 3. How about going for a nice walk?

3. Well, ____________________ 4. Can I get you a drink?

4. Sure, ____________________ 5. Why don’t we have some Chinese food?

5. All right. _________________ 6. Why don’t you come with your sister to my party?

6. Sorry, ____________________ 7. Would you like to go to the museum with us?

7. Okay, ____________________

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UNIT 2C

ADDITIONAL READING

NOVAK Ð2.29,ý Class discussion. Answer these questions.

What would you ask a famous sportsman if you got the chance to meet them?

Are famous people always likable and friendly?

Who are your role models?

READING Novak Đoković is certainly the country’s greatest and most famous sportsman, a great young champion with special charisma and extraordinary talent.

When he was still a boy learning how to play tennis, he publicly declared that he wanted to be ‘number one in the world’. At the age of 24, his wishes came true and he reached the summit of his ambition. First, he led Serbia to Davis Cup victory in December 2010 and then, after a spectacular season in 2011, he won his first Wimbledon title on July 4th and proved himself the best player in the world. It was his 50th win in 51 matches. i with ith any words d except pt as th At the closing ceremony Đoković said: ‘It’s really hard to describe this the most special day of my life…’ and he was so overcome with emotion that he knelt down and ate some of the Centre Court grass.

Some 100,000 Serbian fans gave Novak Đoković a royal reception after he arrived home to celebrate his Wimbledon singles title. Many young people had gathered outside the Serbian parliament, waving Serbian flags and placards that read: ‘Nole, we love you’. The crowd cheered Novak as he stepped onto the stage, happy and smiling, holding a replica of the Wimbledon trophy. ‘This is absolutely unbelievable and I owe all of you enormous gratithis reception; you are th the b bestt iin th the world because only Serbian fans can throw a party ttude d ffor thi ti like this,’ said Đoković.

The great thing about Novak is that besides being an excellent tennis player with a remarkable physical talent — he has a first-class backhand, forehand and serve, a powerful return, and strong mental stability — he is also a warm, charming and friendly person.

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Novak Đoković likes to be impressive and to be considered special and unique. He is well-known in the ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) as a natural showman, because of his sense of humour. With his dazzling personality, he knows how to put on a brilliant show. Whatever Novak does, he does it in a unique and individual way.

1 Complete the sentences by using the correct word/phrasal verb from the list.

1. Accept this job offer. You’ll never get such an ____________ again.

2. Everybody thinks that the Mona Lisa is a real ______________.

3. ‘Why do they say that you are ___________?’ ‘Because I keep forgetting things.’

4. They put up ___________ lights which lit up the whole stadium.

5. She wrote several, very good ______________ novels.

6. Einstein’s chauffeur ___________ to be the great scientist.

7. We moved to a new house and soon ______________ .

8. She ____________ all her time to raising children.

9. The name of his company ______ _____ clearly above the front door.

10. If the boss fires you, we’ll all ______ _____ you.

GRAMMAR 2 Decide if the underlined part of the sentence is correct or incorrect. Correct the incorrect sentences.

1. I noticed him as he was coming.

2. The plane was crashing only half an hour ago.

3. He was getting into the car when he was hearing a loud bang.

4. Suddenly he came round the corner and was walking right up to me.

5. I used to collect dolls when I was 10 years old.

6. He chewed gum so, of course, he couldn’t speak properly.

7. He was forgetting to wind the clock up last night.

8. This time last year I lived in a small village nearby.

9. While I was lighting the fire, my friend was making coffee.

10. I would live in this town when I went to primary school.

KEY WORD LIST

Nouns destiny masterpiece feature mind opportunity

SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST 2

a VOC ABULARY cb

Adjectives powerful diplomatic historical absent-minded distinguished faithful piercing remarkable

Verbs accompany attend deliver devote involve pretend settle in

3 Irregular verbs What is the past tense of the following irregular verbs?

1. grow 2. lose 3. catch 4. wear 5. drink

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

6. sweep 7. fall 8. fight 9. choose 10. tear

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Phrasal verbs stand by stand for stand in stand out

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Key p. 154