Avoid the disasters
Published 2015 Š By Aadam Lambat University of Huddersfield
Contents... Tornado 3-4 Hurricane 5-6 Tsunami 7-8 Volcano 9-10 Lightning 11-12 Flood 13-14 Avalanche 15-16 Drought 17-18 Earthquake 19-20
Tornado
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A tornado is amongst the most violent storms on Earth causing serious damage. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of up to 300 mph. They can destroy large buildings, uproot trees and hurl vehicles hundreds of yards. They can also drive straw into trees. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide to 50 miles long. In an average year, 1000 tornadoes are reported nationwide. Most tornadoes formed from thunderstorms. You need warm, moist air and intense heat. As the ground temperature increases moist air heat starts to rise. When these two moist and cold dry air meet, they create instability in the atmosphere. A change in wind direction and an increase in wind speed with increasing height creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the lower atmosphere. Rising air within the updraft tilts the rotating air from horizontal to vertical. An area of rotation, Most strong and violent tornadoes form within this area of strong rotation. The best way to avoid Tornaodes is to have an underground basement, which will able you to keep safe and away from the disaster. You should stay away from windows as much as possible, as windows could shatter.
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Hurricane
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A hurricane is a huge circular bodies of thick cloud which can be up to 600 miles across and have strong winds spiraling inward and upward at speeds of 75 to 200 mph. Each hurricane usually lasts for over a week, moving 1020 miles per hour over the open ocean. Hurricanes gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters. Hurricanes are formed by warm wet air rises, which form towering clowds and heavy rainfall. the warm causes the pressure to decrease at high altitudes and as the air is under high pressure, it will move toward the cold low pressure air. this allows the low pressure air to suck the in from the warm surroundings, whcih a continuos flow of warm and wet air arises to crate clouds. air surrouded by the low pressure flows in a spiral at high speed air injects at the top of the storm anf falls to the out and over the top of the storm. this will reduce the mass of the causing the wind speed to increase. the cycle continues as the hurricane grows stronger. Hurricanes can be avoided by having a firm fitted house with roofing material that is strong enough to overcome a hurricane disaster. An underground passage would be initial as hurricnaes cannot reach such part of Earth.
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Tsunami
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A tsunami is a huge wave, usually caused by volcanic or earthquake activity under the ocean, which can eventually crash onto the shoreline. The effects on a community can be devastating. Tsunami is caused when an earthquake, volcano or landslide happens on the ocean floor, water is displaced. This water forms the start of the tsunami. When the waves reach shallower water the height can increase by several metres, the shallow water slows the wave and the waves get closer together. In the case when a sunami occurs make sure that a survival kit is prepared beforehand. Food, water, and a first aid kit are among the basics required. It can also help to leave a raincoat or other coat for each person. evacuation plan must be prepared in advance to be of use. Lack of evacuation plans and local warning systems put you, your family and your entire community at increased risk. It is better to get away from the tsunami wave as fast as possible and further away from it. as moving to a high ground and inlands is the best option, away from the coast.
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volcano
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A volcano is a vent or chimney which transfers molten rock known as magma from depth to the Earth's surface. Magma erupting from a volcano is called lava and is the material which builds up the cone surrounding the vent. Volcanic activity frequently occurs at the boundaries of the Earth's tectonic plates which are a series of large blocks moving between each other. The movement of these plates plays a significant role in the type of volcano formed, which influences its shape. volacano eruption cane be very dangerous and destrucitive so it is best to stay away from them. If you are living near a volcano it is best to keep goggles and a mask near you in-case it erupts and ash is spread. make sure you know your evacuation route, when the disaster is occured. be sure you are wearing long sleeved items and covered up.
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lightning
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Lightning is a bright flash of electricity produced by a thunderstorm. All thunderstorms produce lightning and are very dangerous. If you hear the sound of thunder, then you are in danger from lightning. Lightning kills and injures more people each year Lightning is an electric current occured when many small bits of raindrops bump into each other as they move around in the air. All of those collisions create an electric charge. After a while, the whole cloud fills up with electrical charges. The positive charges or protons form at the top of the cloud and the negative charges or electrons form at the bottom of the cloud. Since opposites attract, that causes a positive charge to build up on the ground beneath the cloud. The grounds electrical charge concentrates around anything that sticks up, such as mountains, people, or single trees. The charge coming up from these points eventually connects with a charge reaching down from the clouds and lightning strikes. If you hear the sound of thunder, go to a safe place immediately. The best place to go is a sturdy building or a car, but make sure the windows in the car are shut. Avoid sheds, picnic areas, baseball dugouts and bleachers. If there is no shelter around you, stay away from trees. Crouch down in the open area, keeping twice as far away from a tree as far as it is tall. Stay out of water, because it’s a great conductor of electricity. finally avoid sudden movements as lighing strike at moving objects.
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flood
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Flooding occurs most commonly from heavy rainfall when natural watercourses do not have the capacity to convey excess water. However, floods are not always caused by heavy rainfall. They can result from other phenomena, particularly in coastal areas where inundation can be caused by a storm surge associated with a tropical cyclone, a tsunami or a high tide coinciding with higher than normal river levels. Dam failure, triggered for example by an earthquake, will result in flooding of the downstream area, even in dry weather conditions. To avoid flooding to occur, try to maintain a sercure house located on high level ground. however if flood has occured make sure to keep a safety/first aid kit with you. this is due to any injuries. a float ring should be placed incase of someone drowning in deep flood. if flood is entering the house quickly evacuate the building and go to a best high possible place.
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avalanche
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Avalanche is sudden and fast downhill movement of snow. It is a significant hazard to people living in, or visiting, glacial areas. A slab avalanche is the most dangerous form of movement. Most avalanches are uased by heavy snowfall, which is gathered up on top of mountains. Furthermore deforestation makes the slope less stable steep slopes, as this helps to increase the speed of movement As the earth vibrates the snow will start to gether and shake which would cause an avalanche to occur. Human can be killed as layers of snow is on top of mountain and start to move down at a fast speed, which could also turn to ice. An avalanche happens so quickly that it's almost impossible to react fast enough to do this, but it has been done. but when in the situation jump on the slope. Try to move to the side of the valanche, as quick as possible and remove all the heavy equipment as it would weigh you down. If you are unable to move out the way try to grab on to a tree or a firm object that is secured to the ground. Finally if you are trapped underneath the snow start swimming upwards and wriggle out of the colapsed snow as quick as possible.
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drought
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Drought is a disaster when in a period of time there is no supply of water and all land is dry. A drought can last for months or years, which can be very dangerous for human life, as no supply of water could kill them of dehydration. Droughts occur when a long period of abnormally dry weather leads to a severe water shortage. Droughts are also often caused by the activity of humans as well, such as widespread cutting down of trees for fuel. This reduces the soil’s ability to hold water and dries out the ground. Also construction of a dam on a large river. When a drought occcurs avoid wasting water, as water is the most essential tool when the disaster occurs. If there are plants (Cactus), open them up as there would be some water inside the plant. go somewhere where there is water, for e.g. coastal areas.
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earthquake
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An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates waves. these waves are detected and provide evidence on the earth surface. when this happens the erh ground shakes and creates a disaster for human as land would start moving side to side. Be especially careful after an earthquake. If you live in a coastal zone, the occurrence of an earthquake should be immediate cause for alarm and evasive action. prepare an emergency kit when an earthquake occurs, make sure everything is fastened and secure so nothing is falling over. drop you hands and knees to the ground and cover you head with your arms. hold on to somthing sturdy so, you do not moe about and stay in one position.
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KEEP
A
STAY
FR
NATURAL
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CALM
AND
AWAY
ROM
DISASTER
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