FOOD sOVereIGnTY
DIreCTOr
Clara Oloriz
InsTruCTOr
Jose Alfredo Ramirez Galindo
Eduardo Rico-Carranza
TeChnICal InsTruCTOr
Daniel Kiss
Elena Luciano Suastegui
MeMbers
Meike
Chenxu
Jiamin
Jingru
Yihan
Lei Chen(msc)
Hu(msc) Yang(msc) Gu(msc)
1.2 Development
1.3 Reference
4.2.1 Pembrokeshire
4.2.2 Ashford
4.2.3 Kent
4.3.1 Other food parks
4.3.2 Organisations
2.1 Changes in the potato diet
2.1.1 Potato history
2.1.2 Potato dishes of different periods
2.1.3 Modern diet
2.2 Impact and reasons
2.2.1 Changes in potato cultivation
2.2.2 Attitudes of potato eaters
2.2.3 Potatoes and politics
2.3 Reference
CRISIS CAUSED BY MODERN FOOD SYSTEM
3.1 Modern food system
3.1.1 Operation
3.1.2 Chanllenges of planting
3.1.3 Chanllenges of processing
3.1.4 Chanllenges of retailing
3.1.5 Comparision
3.2 Controllers
3.2.1 Industry monopolies
3.2.2 Global dispersion
3.2.3 Bad deeds
3.3 What modern food system brings
3.3.1 Food waste
3.3.2 Damage on environment
3.3.3 Species monoculture
3.3.4 Delimmas of small potato farmers
3.3 Reference
02 03 04
OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHANGE
4.1 Inspiration for the project
4.1.1 Special potatoes
4.1.2 Pembrokeshire
4.1.3 The food park
6.2.1 Strucutre
6.2.2 Function
6.3.1 Strucutre
6.3.2 Function
6.5.1 Generation
6.5.2 Companion plants
6.5.3 Seasonal changes
"Food sovereignty is the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems. It puts the aspirations and needs of those who produce, distribute and consume food at the heart of food systems and policies rather than the demands of markets and corporations."1
FOOD SOVEREIGNTY 01
OBJECTIVES
Food sovereignty is not a widely known concept, so in the initial stages we aim to look at the definition of food sovereignty and we need to know what rights naturally belong to all.
CONCLUSIONS
We learn that food sovereignty is the right of producers and consumers to grow and consume freely. Many farmers' organisations have arisen around the world to protect food sovereignty.
[1.1 Definition] [1.2 Development]
Food sovereignty means equitable access to food, and it emphasises putting producers, distributors, and consumers at the heart of the food system, rather than markets and corporations2
The idea of protecting food sovereignty first emerged in Belgium, and in 1993, 182 organisations from 81 countries formed the first international farmers' organisation, La Vía Campesina, to defend food sovereignty.3
At the 2007 Forum on Food Sovereignty in Seringey, Mali, 500 delegates from more than 80 countries adopted the "Declaration of Nyéléni".4
In September 2008, Ecuador became the first country to incorporate food sovereignty into its constitution, followed by Venezuela, Mali, Bolivia, Nepal, Senegal, and Egypt"4
The first campaign for food sovereignty in the UK was launched in 2012. This was followed in 2014 and 2015 by two more gatherings of protesters in the UK to rally farmers to help each other and express resistance.
The longest-running food sovereignty organisation in the UK is WARONWANT, founded in 1951. 2008 onwards saw the emergence of many organisations that help farmers, workers, and communities. London and Scotland are important strongholds.1
1. “What Is Food Sovereignty? | Food Sovereignty Now!” n.d. Foodsovereigntynow.org.uk. https://foodsovereigntynow.org.uk/ foodsov/.
2. “Via Campesina.” Wikipedia, 17 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Via_Campesina#cite_note-Members-1. Accessed 19 Apr. 2022.
3. Maitreuweb. “DECLARATION of NYÉLÉNI - Nyeleni - via Campesina - Newsletter, Bulletin, Boletin.” Nyeleni.org, nyeleni.org/spip. php?article290.
4. Wikipedia Contributors. “Food Sovereignty.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Feb. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_sovereignty.
Fig1-2 “Food Sovereignty.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Feb. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_sovereignty.
Fig1-5 "Food Sovereignty Now!" Foodsovereigntynow.org.uk, foodsovereigntynow.org.uk/. Accessed 21 Apr. 2022.
Heath, Yali Banton. "Why We Need a UK Food Sovereignty Movement." Landworkers Alliance, 16 June 2021, landworkersalliance.org.uk/why-we-need-a-uk-foodsoveriegntymovement/. Accessed 21 Apr. 2022.
"A New Movement Is Born: Food Sovereignty in the UK." Global Justice Now, 12 July 2012, www.globaljustice.org.uk/news/ a-new-movement-is-born-food-sovereignty-in-the-uk/. Accessed 21 Apr. 2022.
HISTORY AND CHANGES OF THE POTATO DIET IN UK 02
OBJECTIVES
To research the history of the spread and consumption of potatoes in Britain. I hope to understand how the potato dish has differed over time and how the food embodies different aspects of life and social culture. It is hoped that this will ultimately reveal how the situation of food sovereignty has changed.
CONCLUSIONS
Through my research into the history of potato diet, I have found that food sovereignty should not be isolated; it is linked to the farm and the table, influencing the landscape and the culture of society. And that eating habits can easily be changed by powerful forces, suggesting that food can become a tool.
[2.1 Changes in the potato diet]
2.1.1 Potato history
The potato has been on the British mainland for 430 years, since 1584, when colonists brought it to England. The potato originated in Peru and was introduced to England from Virginia. The first potatoes were grown in Lancashire and Essex, but gradually they spread throughout the country, and in 1945 a complete potato market was formed.
2.1.2 Potato dishes of different periods
when I look into this history, I find that the potato has undergone several radical changes in the British diet. They were cooked with different ingredients, made into different dishes, and then eaten by different people. Each period has its own characteristics.
In the first period, spices were an important ingredient in potato dishes, as the nobility were the main potato eaters of this period, and for them the potato was a valuable alternative to the turnip.
In the second phase, soup was the predominant potato dish, as large numbers of poor people began to consume potatoes, and they were more concerned with the satiety potatoes provided.
In the third period, the potato was promoted and as a result many new potato dishes were created to serve the middle class. The poor and the rich had different attitudes towards potatoes.
The development of the food processing industry at the beginning of the 20th century once again changed the type of potato dish.
2.1.3 Modern diets
Eighty years ago, the shopping cart of an average British family would have been filled with fresh and nutritious foods such as white bread, animal offal and ham salad. Now, shopping carts are dominated by chips, pizza and other fast food items. Modern eating habits have changed dramatically.
Potatoes are still the most popular vegetable in the UK. However, it should not be overlooked that sales of fresh potatoes have been declining, in contrast to the steady increase in sales of processed potatoes, which have been outstripping those of fresh potatoes.
[2.2 Impact and reasons]
2.2.1 Changes in potato cultivation
The way potatoes were cultivated changed along with the diet. Initially, small quantities of potatoes were grown in the gardens of the aristocracy for family consumption only. After the second period, as the poor also began to eat potatoes, they were transplanted to open fields.
The third period coincided with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, when small amounts of machinery and fertiliser were used in potato farming. Finally, industrial farming became widespread, large amounts of machine pesticides were necessary and farmland was dominated by a single crop.
2.2.2 Attitudes of potato eaters
The attitude of potato eaters towards potatoes has also been changing.
Initially, although potatoes were a valuable substitute for turnips, the nobility did not love them and potatoes would not be cooked in an easily recognisable way.
Potatoes to me were associated with backwardness and uneconomic practices 2
What a treasure is a milch cow and a potato garden, to a poor man with a large family!3
Beat the potatoes so finely as not to be discovered what they are.1
Potatoes were considered to be the food that brings happiness and were praised a lot. But the rich, and especially the landowners, hated potatoes, which they believed made the labourers so self-sufficient that they had no incentive to work, and took nutrients from the soil.
Potatoes were still popular with workers as they work 12 hours a day and potato became the best food to provide energy. But the negative attitude of the landowners towards the potato intensified in the mid-19th century. politicians criticised potato eaters with "lazy potato blood".
2.2.3 Potatoes and politics
Potatoes were seen as the fruit of the devil in the early days of European consumption, with the first turnaround occurring during the Enlightenment in the 17th century.
"Everyday eating practices acquired a new political importance during the Enlightenment because statesmen and scientists, philosophers and philanthropists, became ever more convinced that there was a correlation between diet and national prowess."5
Potatoes were naturally valued by politicians as a crop that combined ease of cultivation, high yield and high calorie content.
As a result, the potato became the focus of international planning in the 18th century, with various European countries taking measures against the potato to promote its cultivation and consumption.
For example, the rulers of Stockholm and Spain both issued decrees encouraging the cultivation of potatoes; the Finnish Economic Society distributed potato seed potatoes free of charge; and economic societies in St Petersburg, Wales and Scotland held great potato harvest competitions.6
The promotion of politicians is the reason why many potato recipes for the poor arose in this period. Immediately afterwards, the massive population fed on potatoes sparked the industrial revolution.
Because of the promotion of the potato by politicians the potato was cultivated on a large scale and, together with the industrial revolution, the middle class, especially the workers, became the main potato eaters. In turn, the industrial revolution changed the way potatoes were cultivated.
According to statistics from 1974 to 2013, the purchase of processed potatoes showed an upward trend, while fresh potatoes, on the contrary, declined significantly.7
They use newspapers, television, and celebrity influence to promote the deliciousness of their products. There are fish and chip shops everywhere in the UK, no matter what type of restaurant they will serve chips.
These ubiquitous promotions have changed our eating habits, making people more inclined to consume fast and convenient foods, and as a result, many physical problems such as obesity have occurred, affecting our health.
1. Robert Smith (cook. 1725. Court Cookery: Or, the Compleat English Cook.
2, 4, 5, 6. Earle, Rebecca. 2020. “Feeding the People,” June. https://doi. org/10.1017/9781108688451.
3. William Buchan, 1797.
7. “What Is Food Sovereignty? | Food Sovereignty Now!” n.d. Foodsovereigntynow.org.uk. https://foodsovereigntynow.org.uk/ foodsov/.
FIG2-1 Digimap, http://digimap.edina.ac.uk/.
Wikipedia Contributors. 2019. “History of the Potato.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. April 4, 2019. https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_potato.
FIG2-2 Byron, May. 1914. Pot-Luck.
Dawson, Thomas, and Maggie Black. 1596. The Good Housewife’s Jewel. Lewes, East Sussex: Southover Press. May, Robert, and W W. 1600. [the Accomplisht Cook ... ]. London.
More, Hannah. 1795. The Cottage Cook; Or, Mrs. Jones’s Cheap Dishes, Etc. [Signed: Z., I.e. Hannah More.].
Wooley, Hannah. 1670. The Queen-like Closet; Or, Rich Cabinet; Stored with All Manner of Rare Receipts for Preserving, Candying, and Cookery.
FIG2-5 Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (2020). (DEFRA) Family Food Datasets. GOV.UK.
FIG2-6, 10, 11 The museum of the home, London.
CRISIS CAUSED BY MODERN FOOD SYSTEM 03
OBJECTIVES
After learning about the importance of food and modern eating habits, I wanted to know how the modern food system works, who directs it and what potential risks exist in such a food system.
CONCLUSIONS
I got surprising results; the food system now has efficiency and economy as its main goal, with high yields but also a lot of waste. Large food companies are the winners of this model, which takes away from small farmers and harms consumers.
[3.1 Morden food system]
3.1.1 Operation
This is a simplified diagram of how the modern food system works.
The producer and the consumer are separated by multiple segments and companies, from the seed to the final shop where the finished product is sold. The producer has to rely on the goods provided by the giant companies at every step of the way. In this way the giant companies take deep control of the food system and capture a large amount of profit, which they receive far more than the producers.
The potato is a crop that is found throughout the UK and its production chain also involves several sectors. The UK produces 5M tonnes potatoes each year and 13,000 people work in the industry.1 The dilemma of producing potatoes is hidden in the complexity of the process.
FIG3-2 potato supply chain by Meike Lei, Jiamin Hu, Yihan Gu
3.1.2 Chanllenges of planting
From the very beginning of the production chain, starting from seeds, farmers have fallen into the trap of monopoly.
Almost all potato seeds in the UK come from Scotland, and farmers pay double the price for certain varieties of potatoes due to patents.2
For a large farm, a lot of machinery and fertiliser is a must. Preparing for the planting stage requires plowing and turning the soil, using a stone separator to separate the stones from the soil.3 When planting, seed potatoes into the soil with a seeder. A large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, which is important for potatoes, is applied before planting.
Potatoes are collected with a harvester and graded by machine or by hand to ensure their quality, and small or damaged potatoes are removed along with the loose soil. The harvested potatoes are stored in special warehouses, and the temperature, airflow, and air quality are strictly controlled.
3.1.3
The production and sale of processed food almost monopolizes the market and affects all aspects of the potato supply chain.Potatoes wasted during processing accounted for 46% of production, apart from those that did not meet the standard, a large part was potato skins.4 The processor owner doesn't care where the wasted potato skins go, and we as consumers will only be bemoaned by the wasted fried potatoes on the plate when we eat these chips.
Farmers on the farm believe that consumers do not know how to appreciate food and do not appreciate the waste caused by food,5 but the truth is that processors are profit-oriented production methods. Consumers have become scapegoats, and what is wasted is not only food, but also the time cost and money cost of farmers' labor, and the opportunity for those in difficulty to obtain healthy food.
Supermarkets are the dominant players in the fresh potato market.Farmers who cannot afford to take production risks have to sign contracts in advance with supermarkets6, which often require farmers to overproduce and screen their potatoes to exacting standards in order to ensure competitiveness.The farmers cannot turn to other markets or refuse unreasonable orders and have to suffer losses.
There is no doubt that different farming methods go hand in hand with different food systems and idyllic landscapes.
In the past we used traditional farming methods, so we had diverse farm landscapes and free food chains, and consumers could buy an abundance of produce at the market or on the farm.
Nowadays, industrial food systems deliver food to every corner of the world, consumers can buy food in supermarkets in the city and the farming landscape becomes highly uniform.
[3.2 Controllers]
3.2.1 Industry monopolies
The world's largest grain traders: ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus, known as ABCD, accounted for 75% to 90% of the global grain trade a decade ago.
Top 10 seed companies now account for 73% of the world’s commercial seed market (the top three companies alone account for over half)8.The top four companies in harvest machinery and tractor attachments control 80% of sales. The largest eight firms sell over half of all fertilizers, and the eight top chemical companies control 64% of total chemical sales.8
But the food system held by giant companies is not efficient because they uses at least 70% of the world’s agricultural resources and is a major source of GHG emissions, but provides food to less than 30% of the world’s people.7
It is small farmer who should be the leader in the food system.
In today's globalised world food has become a dangerous weapon controlled by the giant multinational food companies. They spread over the world, plunder global resources and control 90% of the global food trade. They use free trade to oppress countries in the world's South, destroy local food systems and drive out indigenous farmers.
“The present food system is clearly unsustainable. A number of extremely powerful corporations have transformed the production of food – something as essential to human survival as air and water– into a money-making activity, in which the only goal is to produce profit for shareholders. Spreading out across the globe, these corporations are taking advantage of trade liberalisation to dump their crops on foreign markets, often ruining local farmers in the process.They are enticing local farmers to use their‘technology packages’, knowing that in this way they will make the farmers forever dependent on them.”9
[3.3 What modern food system brings]
3.3.1 Food waste
Between 1/3 and 1/2 of the food from farm to table is thrown away10 because of lack of manpower, overly strict standards, machine processing, etc. Potatoes are the most wasted food in Britain, but even so, farmers are still forced to produce large quantities of potatoes that neither bring in enough profit for the farmers nor feed people who are starving - the downside of the modern food system.
3.3.3
The environmental damage caused by industrial agriculture is enormous and often involves the application of chemical fertilizers to crops or the routine, harmful use of antibiotics on animals. Industrial farms can grow a single crop on the same piece of land year after year, depleting the soil of nutrients and leading to heavy fertilisation, while manure from poultry farms can easily pollute water and air.
Farmers care about the soil, but industrial farming practices hurt it. Large, heavy machines compact the soil; fertilisers and pesticides contaminate it; and long-term monoculture leaves it vulnerable to erosion.
3.3.3
It's an amazing fact that in the UK we have 500 varieties of potatoes, but you can only buy the most common ones in supermarkets. The figures from the AHDB also prove that the maris pipper is grown on far more acreage than the second place. This suggests that even when targeting cash crops, farmers have a single option.
3.3.4 Delimmas of small potato farmers
Now in Britain, potato farmers are facing a shrinking industry. there are fewer potato farmers, the number of which has fallen from 70,000 to 3,000 since 1960,11 which also means that fewer young people are taking up farming. On the other hand, the farms are getting bigger and this is a heavy burden for the small farmers.
1. “Five Reasons Why a Portion of Potatoes Helps the UK Economy.” n.d. CHAP. https://chap-solutions.co.uk/blogs/five-reasons-why-tuckinginto-a-portion-of-potatoes-helps-the-uk-economy/.
2. Goffart, Jean-Pierre, Anton Haverkort, Michael Storey, Norbert Haase, Michel Martin, Pierre Lebrun, Daniel Ryckmans, Dominique Florins, and Kürt Demeulemeester. 2022. “Potato Production in Northwestern Europe (Germany, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Belgium): Characteristics, Issues, Challenges and Opportunities.” Potato Research, January. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11540-021-09535-8.
3. “A Potatoes Journey: From Field to Fork.” n.d. Robert Lindley Ltd. https://www.robertlindleyltd.co.uk/a-potatoes-journey-from-fieldto-fork/.
4. EIT Food. 2020. “Potato Loss and Waste in the UK Supply Chain and at Home.”
5. Gould, Ptrick. 2020. “The Potato Wasters: A Sociological Study of the UK Potato Industy.” THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.
6. Thompson, Isabella, Rebecca Laughton, and Tony Little. 2021. “Vocal for Local: Why Regional Food Systems Are the Future.” The LANDWORKERS’ ALLIANCE.
7. ETC Group. Who Will Feed Us? 3rd ed., 15 Aug. 2017, etcgroup.org/ whowillfeedus.
8, 9, 10. Lawrence, Felicity. 2011. “The Global Food Crisis: ABCD of Food – How the Multinationals Dominate Trade | Felicity Lawrence.” The Guardian. June 2, 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/globaldevelopment/poverty-matters/2011/jun/02/abcd-food-giantsdominate-trade.
War on Want. Food Sovereignty Report. 11 Jan. 2011, www. waronwant.org/resources/food-sovereignty-report.
11. “United Kingdom | PotatoPro.” 2013. PotatoPro. October 13, 2013. https://www.potatopro.com/united-kingdom/potato-statistics.
FIG3-1 "Calculating the Cost of Growing Spuds," Farmers Weeky, Cctaber 16,2012htos:/wwwfw.c.ukiarablelcalculating-the cost of gixxing ots.
"Potato Costs Set to Rise by 30%," w.armninglfe.com,February 17,2012, inds)www.faming lie comicountyand-famingpotato-costsset-oriseby-30.3572327.
FIG3-2 Digimap, https://digimap.edina.ac.ukl .Rufus Pilgrim, The Future of the UK Potato Industry (AHDB Potatoes, 2017). Yell, https://www.vell.com/s/potato+suppliers-uk.
FIG3-3 “A Potatoes Journey: From Field to Fork.” n.d. Robert Lindley Ltd. https://www.robertlindleyltd.co.uk/a-potatoes-journey-fromfield-to-fork/. Digimap, https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/. Grimme, https://www.grimme.com/uk/products/ kartoffeltechnik.
“A Potatoes Journey.: From Field to Fork "Robert Lindley Ltd, n.d., https:/lwww.robertlindley'td.co.uxd/a-potatoes-journey -fromfeld-o-fore.
FIG3-5 ETH Zurich."Field to fork, potato harvest reduced by half: Food waste."ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/ releases/2015/10/151023105848.htm(accessed June 12,2022). https:/Awww.fwi.co.uk/prices-trends#/.
FIG3-7 ETC Group. Who Will Feed Us? 3rd ed., 15 Aug. 2017, etcgroup. org/whowillfeedus.
FIG3-8 War on Want. Food Sovereignty Report. 11 Jan. 2011, www. waronwant.org/resources/food-sovereignty-report.
FIG3-9 Digimap, https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/.
“Cargill Worldwide | Cargill.” Www.cargill.com, www. cargill.com/page/worldwide.
“Our History | Bunge.” Bunge.com, 2015, www.bunge.com/ whowe-are/our-history.
“A Journey through the History of Bayer.” Www.bayer.com, www.bayer.com/en/history.
“Our Heritage and Story at LDC || Louis Dreyfus Company.” Global, www.ldc.com/who-we-are/about-us/heritage/.
FIG3-10 Jordan, et al. “Cargill: The Company Feeding the World by Helping Destroy the Planet.” Unearthed, 25 Nov. 2020, unearthed. greenpeace.org/2020/11/25/cargill-deforestationagriculturehistory-pollution/.
Hertzler, Doug. “Important Victories against Agribusiness Land Grabs in Kenya.” ActionAid USA, 31 Aug. 2016, www. actionaidusa.org/blog/important-victories-agribusiness-landgrabskenya/. Accessed 20 Apr. 2022.
FIG3-13 Digimap, https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/. The Food Security Information Network (FSIN)
FIG3-17 Potato Council,"United Kingdom | PotatoPro,"October 13,2013, https:/www.potatopro.comlunited-kingdom/potatostatistcs.Luffness mains, https://luffnessmains.com/farmingl. Poskitts, https:/www.poskittcarrots.co.uk/.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHANGE 04
OBJECTIVES
The aim was to deepen our understanding of the UK potato growing industry and to find inspiration for improvements through data collection, case studies and field research
CONCLUSIONS
There are many organisations working to protect the rights of farmers, but we also have special potato varieties and projects in the pipeline that can be combined to form a system that will help small farmers and change their eating habits and nourish a new food culture.
[4.1 Inspiration for the project]
4.1.1 Special potatoes
baking, roasting, steaming
We have 500 varities of potatoes in UK.1 They are grown on special soils and bred to take on special shapes, colours and flavours. We also have some native British heritage potatoes which are perfect for a certain type of cooking.
Very few farmers grow these special potatoes and if consumers want to taste them, it is difficult to find a source to buy them unless they grow them themselves. So some heritage potatoes are on the verge of extinction, but most people are completely unaware of this.
eating straight salads
roasting, steaming
all mashed baking, roasting, frying
baking, roasting, boiling, frying
While researching special potatoes I noticed the Pembrokeshire Earlies from Pembrokeshire, so I found Pembrokeshire to be a place full of potential. In addition to the unique potato variety, it is also the site of a food company made up of small local potato farmers, and a food park planned by the Welsh Government in haverfordwest to help small local food processors.
These conditions show that there are already forces from the government and the private sector helping the potato farmers here, and that the special potato can also be a source of a new food culture.
The Welsh Government is planning to build a food park on a 23 hectare site. They intend to serve local small businesses by creating an industrial park that will allow them to produce and process their own food.
When we arrived there, in April 2022, unfortunately the park was still wilderness and construction had not yet begun.
[4.2 Field trips]
4.2.1 Pembrokeshire
In Pembrokeshire we spoke to the farmer of the largest potato farm in the area, who works with local company Puffin Produce and also supplies potatoes to supermarkets.
We also visited the local farm shop, where we found a strong foodie scene, with banners and billboards around the city advertising local food and upcoming food festivals.
Farmers in Kent run a medium-sized farm and every weekend they sell their potatoes at the Farmers Market in London, where customers are curious about their special potatoes.
The small farm in Ashford had no processing facilities, just food that had been simply packaged, yet the packaging was biodegradable and very friendly to the environment. There are also no mechanical facilities on the farm, which is basically all hand tools. In addition, the farmer has created his own brand and all the food he produces is sold under this brand name.
The farmer has a small poly tunnel where visitors, surrounded by crops, could have a cup of coffee.
I went to Kent to visit the growers of these potatoes and I was then told that they were the only special potato growers in the South East part of England.
4.3.1 Other food parks
Apart from Pembrokeshire, food parks have already been spreading in the UK in different styles. Currently, most food parks position their core at the consuming level, serving consumer groups through community kitchens, markets, and food processing.
The functions are all relatively homogeneous, commercial or industrial, and mainly serve the consumer.
4.3.2 Organisations
According to the report, many smallholder farmers need more infrastructures to sell their food and, more importantly, lack access to platforms, funding and government policies to support them.
I also found the existing community organizations and land trusts, consumer groups and community kitchens helps to develop local food supplies, but they are not fully supported by policy, and most of them are so limited in scale and distribution.
Another drawback is that most organisations lack an interest in eating habits and food culture, which is a very important part of food sovereignty.
1. Green, Author Liana. 2020. “Types of Potatoes - Know Which Potato Varieties to Use When!” Liana’s Kitchen. September 1, 2020. https:// lianaskitchen.co.uk/types-of-potatoes/.
FIG4-1 Digimap, https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/. maghera. 2017. “Old-Fashioned Potato Varieties.” Maghera Heritage Centre. July 15, 2017. https://www.maghera-heritage.org. uk/tag/old-fashioned-potato-varieties/.
FIG4-2 Digimap, https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/. "Pembrokeshire Food Park".https://www.pembrokeshire. gov.uk/property-detail/pembrokeshire-food-parkwithybushhaverfordwest.
FIG 4-10 "Southernfarmers".https://southernfarmers.co.uk/ "Biodynamic Land Trust".https://biodynamiclandtrust.org. uk/ "The Community Farm".https://www.thecommunityfarm. co.uk/
''Made In Hackney''.https://madeinhackney.org/ "The Great British Food Hub".https:// thegreatbritishfoodhub.com/
SITE PLANNING AND ANALYSIS 05
OBJECTIVES
Through a series of previous research and analysis I have been inspired by the plight of small potato farmers in a market controlled by giant corporations, the unique potato varieties of Pembrokeshire and the government's plans for a food park, I now wish to clarify the site conditions for the food park and then combine the previous conditions to complete the design of the food park.
CONCLUSIONS
The food park is a, on the one hand, collaborative effort with other organisations and government support to improve farmers' interests, and it is being built in conjunction with government policies and regular farmers' meetings to improve farmers' real plight.
On the other hand, On the other hand, the food park is also responsible for connecting the field to the table, and it will promote the food culture of the region through a wide range of crops and creative recipes.
https://www.common-wealth.co.uk/
Synthesising previous research, the core of the proposed food park is to provide small farmers who farm with certain equipment and access to information, giving them greater autonomy; to provide an additional place for producers and consumers to trade fresh, unfashionable food; and to connect FIELD and TABLE, gradually changing the eating habits of the community and the farmland landscape.
The policies and the main idea of the project draws partly on Farming the Future by Rob Booth.
The site is located on the edge of the urban area of haverfordwest, close to the main transport routes. The site is surrounded by mostly car sales and kitchen furniture shops, with an agricultural machinery shop to the east and a high school to the south east, with which the food park could start a partnership.
A water channel runs into the site.
FIG6-8 field kitchen section by Meike Lei
FIG6-9 food park recipe book by Meike Lei
FIG6-13 fields in spring by Meike Lei
FIG6-13 fields in autumn by Meike Lei
FIG6-13 fields in summer by Meike Lei
FIG6-14 overview section in summer by Jiamin Hu
FIG6-14 overview section in autumn by Jiamin Hu
