N. 17 - April 2015

Quarterly Journal

April 2015 - year V

L’ACCADEMIA DEL FITNESS WELLNESS-ANTIAGING

magazine

N. 17

Relatori

■ La teoria neuro-endocrina dell’invecchiamento Dr. Filippo Ongaro ■ Alimentazione neuro-endocrina Certified in Anti-aging & Regenerative ■ L’allenamento come stimolo ormonale Medicine (ABAARM - USA) ■ Integratori alimentari per la modulazione dei valori ormonali Certified AFMCP (Applying Functional ■ La terapia sostitutiva ormonale con ormoni bioidentici per Medicine in Clinical Practice) - IFM contrastare il decadimento psico-fisico: applicazioni ed (USA) indicazioni terapeutiche, effetti benefici ed effetti indesiderati

Dr. Massimo Spattini

Specialista in Scienza dell’Alimentazione Specialista in Medicina dello Sport Certified in Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine (ABAARM - USA) Certified AFMCP (Applying Functional Medicine in Clinical Practice) - IFM (USA)

ECM : sono stati richiesti i Crediti per le figure professionali di: Medico Chirurgo, Biologo, Dietista, Farmacista

Segreteria organizzativa AFFWA Galleria Crocetta 9/A - 43126 PARMA Tel. 0521.1682083 - Fax 0521.294971 accademia-affwa@libero.it www.affwa.it

number 17 / 2015

ACCADEMIA DEL FITNESS Wellness - Antiaging Galleria Crocetta 9/A 43126 Parma Tel. 0521 1682083 Fax 0521 294971 www.accademiadelfitness.com accademia-magazine@libero.it

EDITORIAL

Editor in Chief: Valerio Merola Scientific director: Massimo Spattini Art director: Cinzia Ruggeri Executive editors: Silvia Iorio Editorial staff: Claudia Bonini Cristiana Pedrazzini Andrea Angelozzi Scientific committee: Dott. Damiano Galimberti Dott. Filippo Ongaro Prof. Mario Passeri Writers: Andrea Angelozzi Claudia Bonini Krista Burns Ciro di Cristino Paolo Evangelista Eugenio Luigi Iorio Guido Maronati Mauro Miceli Giovanni Occhionero Filippo Ongaro Piercarlo Salari Massimo Spattini Cover: Kim Lyons e TJ Hoban Photographer cover: Alex Ardenti

UNSUSTAINABLE GLOBAL DIET The development of countries, which causes an increase in the per capita income of their inhabitants as well as in urbanization, also determines a change in the diet habits of the people, who tend to prefer food rich in sugar, refined fats and to consume a greater quantity of meat, mainly beef.

Animal breeding leads to an inconsiderate exploitation of farming land in order to obtain forage. Besides, animals produce a huge amount of natural gas which adds to the pollution already caused by cars.

The gradual reduction in the consumption of fruit and vegetables, together with the consumption of “empty calories” and proteins deriving from animal breeding, will lead to (actually, this is already taking place) an increase in type 2 diabetes, which is currently considered by WHO (World Health Organization) a worldwide epidemic together with obesity, cardiovascular diseases and some forms of tumours.

By following the so-called Mediterranean diet, consisting in a greater amount of vegetables, and avoiding meat but not fish and seafood, there would be a 25% decrease in type 2 diabetes, a 10% decrease in tumours and a 20% decrease in

deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, it would prevent greenhouse gas emissions and the destruction of the environment.

Yet, I would like to underline that the Mediterranean diet is not based on bread, pasta, pizza, potatoes, which would inevitably lead to weight gain. It is a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, traditional whole grain cereals, nuts, olive oil and fish. The 2015 EXPO is starting next March and its theme is “Feeding the planet, energy for life”.

The goal of AFFWA will be, as always, to insist on and address people towards a healthy diet in order to promote new life styles which should also include physical exercise, stress management, the prevention of important current social diseases, from obesity to cardiovascular diseases, tumours, hypokinetic diseases; to encourage life styles which help find a solution to these diseases; and finally to find innovative integration instruments which should not represent a threat to our health, but should guarantee the availability of all the nutrients we need for our correct body functioning.

Massimo Spattini President of AFFWA

Editor: Profitness S.a.s.

Galleria Crocetta 10/A 43126 Parma Tel. +39 0521.941319 Printed and delivered by: Toriazzi S.r.l.

Strada del Pozzetto 16/a 43122 Parma Tel. +39 0521.645875 Registration n. 12/2004 Court of Parma

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L’Accademia del Fitness

INDEX EDITORIAL

3

KIM LYONS AND TJ HOBAN

6

ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE BASED ON THE CHRONOMORPHOLOGICAL CLOCK

8

by Massimo Spattini

by Valerio Merola

by Massimo Spattini

POSTURAL STUDY IN SPOT REDUCTION

12

HEALTH STARTS FROM THE RIGHT CURVES How the curvature of your spine affects your health

16

HEAVY LEGS AND VENOUS CIRCULATION The role of natural extracts

20

EVERYTHING IS PERFORMANCE

26

by Ciro di Cristino

by Krista Burns

by Giovanni Occhionero

by Paolo Evangelista

THE USE OF CELLFOOD® BY SPORTSMEN Oxygen consumption modulation to optimize performance and improve the quality of recovery – what’s new from research 32

by Eugenio Luigi Iorio and Mauro Miceli

GLUTEN SENSITIVITY

40

SPIRULINA: THE SUPER FOOD FOR EVERYONE!

44

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS: BEWARE OF MUSCLE CRAMPS

48

“GENTLE LIFT”: FROM SCALPEL TO THREADS

52

LATEST RESEARCH IN FITNESS, WELLNESS AND ANTIAGING MEDICINE

56

by Claudia Bonini

by Andrea Angelozzi

by Piercarlo Salari

by Guido Maronati

by Filippo Ongaro 4

number 06 / 2012

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L’Accademia del Fitness

THE EDITOR’S INTERVIEWS

By Valerio Merola

KIM LYONS AND TJ HOBAN TJ Hoban and Kim Lyons are the protagonists of this cover, they are very well known in the American world of fitness and, above all, these beatiful forties are perfect examples of how the lifestyles we promote by the Academy of Fitness, leads to a state of physical health and to a mental approach that results in a winning vision towards life.

Kim lyons: from fitness to business How did you get to the world of fitness?

I went to school to be a pilot, but after graduation, I decided that wasn’t what I wanted to do. I went to work at the front desk at a gym just until I figured out what to do with my life! I met a personal trainer and he suggested I try a fitness competition. He was training a girl that needed someone to split the cost of her training session so I jumped in. It changed my life. I went from a chunky college girl with no confidence to feeling confident and strong. I wanted to help other feel like my trainer helped me, so I went to the National Academy of

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Sports Medicine. After a few competitions, I started to get some really great modeling jobs and ended up signing a contract with Muscle Tech. From there I became a Weider Athlete and started to write articles instead of just model. I caught the eye of NBC and became the trainer on The Biggest Loser for a few seasons and the rest is history! What I thought was just going to be a hobby became the best career ever! It feels so good to know I’m doing exactly what I was meant to do with my life!

What are the best results you obtained during the competitions ?

I won the Miss Galaxy Competition in 2000. It was such a fun competition because it was based on a difficult obstacle course that required serious athletic ability, strength and speed, and yet the physique round judged the feminine qualities. Most of the girls that could beat me on the obstacle course were bulky and not so good in high heels! I was super fast, strong, and still very petite and feminine.

number 17 / 2015

Remember the first time you appeared in a cover?

My first cover was Oxygen Magazine. I was so excited. I will never forget how amazing it felt to see the cover for the first time. It was surreal to think that others would admire me like I’d admired all the previous cover girls. I’ve since been on over 30 covers and I still get just as excited as I did for the first one!

What are your future plans?

My future plans, wow…I’d need 10 pages to write all that down! Simply put, my goals now are more on the business side of fitness. I’m building a new brand Bionic Body, www.BionicBody.com. It’s a studio and spa that works with a unique wall mount track system. We approach fitness in a more scientific manner by doing genetic testing and an in-depth body analysis so we can give clients a complete meal plan and advise what type of exercise will help them meet their goals.

In the spa we do massage and facials so they recover faster from workouts and feel pampered and beautiful. I’m aiming to have studios all over the world and to sell the Bionic Body track online with access to training videos for those that do not have access to the studio. The Bionic Body Gear, www.

BionicBodyGear.com just launched in 157 retail stores and is doing really well. My first studio has been open almost a year and we are in the process of adding 3 more in Beverly Hill, New Port Beach, and Laguna Hills. I’ve enjoyed learning the business side of fitness. It’s a bit challenging for me to spend so much time on a computer, but I love knowing that what I’m building will help other achieve the healthy body and confident mindset.

TJ Hoban: from fitness to cinema: You are one of the most famous and renowned fitness models in the world. How did you manage to become successful?

Actually, it has been a long way. I am proud of saying I have used fitness to overcome obstacles and change my life. As a child, I was particularly thin, I used to wear thick glasses, suspenders and a ridiculous bowl haircut. I did not even dare talk to a girl... not to mention ask one out on a date. Tired of this condition, I asked my mother to buy me a set of weights for my birthday. I started training rigorously: I turned my garage into a gym and I trained as if I had been Rocky fighting for his life. I do not know if it was because after every tiring training I was feeling more self-confident or because I was feeling so empty I did not have the strength to worry of nothing else. Yet, in any case, training had become my therapy and I used it to face every obstacle and to focus on how I could better my life.

When did you mark a turning point in your life?

At college... I was attending the University of Arizona and I was on holiday in San Diego. I was strolling on the beach and I was discovered by a photographer who gave me the possibility to make my first service for International Men Magazine, which is how my career started. I posed for Men’s Health, Muscle&Fitness, Men’s Fitness. Some years later, I moved to Los Angeles to study acting. I have a passion for comedy and the theatre, but I also work for the cinema and on television.

For example?

I have worked for many TV series, among which CSI NY, Ally Mc Beal and Suddenly Susan, It’s always sunny in Philadelphia as Rex. I have had leading roles in soap operas such as The bold and the Beautiful or The young and the restless, the most famous and well-known American soap operas. I work for the theatre so much... I have a very long list to tell you. For the cinema, instead...

If you had to fill in your CV, what would you write as “Special skills”?

My “special skills” are quite varied, they go from the ability to improvise on a theatre stage and as a guest in live TV programs, to my passion for kick boxing, or to the fact that I am a personal trainer and a writer. More importantly, I am the man I wanted to be, able to face life with firmness and a positive attitude.

Editor

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L’Accademia del Fitness

ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE BASED ON THE

CHRONOMORPHOLOGICAL CLOCK

A recent study by the University of Birmingham published in the magazine Current Biology observed that athletic performance can have a 26% variation in the course of the day.

The study concerned 20 hockey players and it evaluated cardiovascular resistance during various moments of the day, from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. The results showed that the best athletic performance time is late afternoon but, as in most studies, this result expresses the mean value.

Instead, if we consider the single subjects in the group, noteworthy differences appeared: the subjects who were used to waking up and getting up early in the morning gave a better response at around 12:00. On the contrary, others who got up with difficulty and late gave better results in the evening and, finally, there were intermediate subjects who expressed a better performance at around 3:00 p.m.

A reassessment of scientific literature by Tunisian scientists (Chortle Strength and Conditioning Research 2012) actually shows that both performance and strength are correlated with body temperature, which reaches its maximum peak between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. It is also very interesting to observe, as it appears in the study “Relationship between time of day

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and variations in blood pressure response to aerobic exercise” (A. Di Blasio et al. Med Sport 2010 University Center of Sport Medicine Chieti Italy), that the time in which physical activity is performed also involves certain health-linked parameters such as artery pressure.

This study monitored pressure response during physical aerobic exercise and in the following 30 minutes, in three different moments of the day (9:30 a.m.-2:00 p.m.-6:30 p.m.).

The results showed a different trend in diastolic pressure response (minimum pressure) during the test, while there was a higher decrease in recovery when this was performed at 6:30 p.m. The sensation of strain was higher in the morning.

In conclusion: performing physical exercise in late afternoon seemed to optimize the hypotensive effect induced by exercise on diastolic arterial pressure.

In a study carried out on speed runners, Bill Kraemer of the University of Connecticut showed that melatonin levels (the sleep hormone which can persist in the morning and can cause sleepiness) were higher in the morning than in the afternoon and this coincided with a lower performance during race, whereas high jump was not influenced by melatonin levels. I believe that

L’Accademia del Fitness other hormones, besides melatonin, are involved in athletic performance and this is in conformity with the beliefs of Chronomorphotherapy.

If we refer to the study reported in the magazine Current Biology, I believe that most of the female hockey players had a hyperlipogenetic morphology, that is, they were robust athletes with a predisposition for violent sports.

This corresponds to a prevalence of the adrenal glands as dominant glands with higher cortisol and adrenalin production.

In this type of subjects intense physical activity causes excessive adrenal glands stimulation with a cortisol peak which is normally already high in the morning. This hypercortisolemia has a negative effect on athletic performance both because cortisol acts negatively at the level of cognitive systems and because it has a catabolic effect at muscular level. In the morning, as soon as they wake up, these subjects are extremely tired and start to get their acts together only late in the morning, performing better towards the evening.

This is the typical condition of executives, dominant hyper-adrenergic subjects who, not by chance, rarely reach their office before 10 in the morning, but who stay on until late in the evening. On the contrary, the typical secretary type who is hypolipolytic would be in the office early in the morning and would therefore work overtime.

Hypolipolytic subjects are already efficient early in the morning, whereas the “intermediate” types of the Birmingham study are more efficient at around midday, when their dominant gland, the thyroid, works at its best. However, there are other reasons why athletic performance in the morning can be hindered. It is commonly believed that the biological clock influences muscular strength, above all regulating energy production at cell level, which is higher in late afternoon.

However, there is a system, unconsciously used by most of us, which alters the biological clock and can drastically increase our athletic performance: caffeine! Caffeine has an ergogenic effect in that it increases cellular energy, inhibiting cyclic AMP disaggregation which leads to glycogenolysis and to lipolysis with energy production.

Caffeine also improves the absorption of calcium at the level of muscular cells and this allows the interaction between actin and myosin, necessary for muscular contraction.

Caffeine, without doubt, also has a well-known stimulating effect on our central nervous system which predisposes us to higher mental concentration.

In order to verify the promising power of caffeine to improve athletic performance in the morning, Rodriguez et al. tested twelve trained men while performing squat and horizontal bench extension exercise at 75% of maximum weight, in different moments of the day, with and without caffeine, in a placebo double blind experiment (that is, none of the athletes and the experiment-

ers knew who was taking caffeine and who the placebo). The result was that the group who trained in the afternoon without caffeine was significantly stronger than the morning group who was given the placebo, thus confirming the negative impact of morning training on the performance.

When both groups received caffeine, there were no significant differences both in squat and bench extension activity. This showed that caffeine can annul the “gap” in performance between morning and afternoon.

Caffeine can trigger the biological clock, activating the AMPK enzyme, an energy regulator at cellular level which, in turn, activates SIRT 1, an enzyme which is normally activated by low levels of energy (for example in low calorie diets) and which accelerates energy production starting from fats and glucose. SIRT 1 can regulate the biological clock, inhibiting the CLOCK protein which represents the central biological clock rhythmically activated according to circadian rhythm.

Since CLOCK protein is deactivated when energy consumption is low and it improves energy accumulation at cellular level and not its production, this explains why in the morning, on awakening (since energy consumption is still low after rest) the effect of CLOCK protein, which decreases energy production, is responsible for the minor muscular performance which is due to a drop in energy availability for muscular contraction.

In conclusion, the power of caffeine to stimulate SIRT 1, which inhibits the CLOCK protein, promotes a better biological clock for morning training. This also suggests that other integrators which activate SIRT 1, possibly in association with caffeine, such as for example resveratrol, could have an even higher effect on the biological clock, conditioning and improving athletic performance in the morning.

Caffeine, without doubt, also has a well-known stimulating effect on our central nervous system which predisposes us to higher mental concentration.

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Dr. Massimo Spattini Specialized in Sports Medicine Specialized in Food Science Board Certificate in Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine (ABAARM-USA) Certificate AFMCP (Applying Functional Medicine in Clinical Practice) - (IFM-USA)

By Massimo Spattini

“Dieta COM” è un servizio per palestre e Personal Trainers ideato dal Dott. Massimo Spattini Specialista in: Scienza dell’Alimentazione Medicina dello Sport

Per informazioni: Tel 0521.982545 - Mail: consulenze.online@massimospattini.it

L’Accademia del Fitness

POSTURAL STUDY IN

SPOT REDUCTION

Spot Reduction, or localized weight loss, is a widely treated subject, both from the point of view of a healthy diet and of physical exercise. The search for a “scientific” and therefore experimental truth can generate dissimilar ideas and convictions.

This is a very interesting topic and I believe all the operators in this sector should give their contribution in order to favour its success.

In short: • It is important to maintain a healthy and functional cardiocirculatory system which allows the blood to reach the area we are interested in; • local glycogen must be eliminated as much as possible; • It is important to reduce carbohydrates in our diet and increase fats to be used as a source of energy.

As far as training is concerned: • For women, it is advisable to perform aerobic circuits which mainly stimulate critical zones, alternating exercises involving the upper and lower parts of their body to stimulate blood circulation. After an initial period of adaptation it is also advisable to alternate low and high intensity to improve EPOC, which would keep metabolism high even at rest, extending weight loss also during recovery; • For men, the circuit will include a wide range of low intensity exercises involving the abdomen, which can be alternated with cardio workouts performed with machines or outdoors.

For example running, cycling, canoeing, etc. for a total duration of about one hour.

Having said this, I would prefer to start from a different point of view. For me it is of vital importance to take into consideration all the workout “environment”. By this I mean studying the subject and more precisely the subject’s posture, from which I can get and understand specific and fundamental information in order to be able to help the subject reach, through the right motor stimuli, hormone predispositions, diet advice, the expected goals of the S.R method.

The SR method is a result of various studies and experimentations. It undoubtedly has the same validity as all the other methods studied to reach other aims such as mass, power, resistance, speed, explosiveness, etc. The same old question is: ”Why doesn’t the same thing happen to everybody?” It would be too easy to blame one’s genetic conditions, one’s limited performing skills or look for any other excuse.

Not everybody will achieve the same results, but everybody can reach some, if we are convinced of our intentions. We might discover something later on, but in the meantime let us insist on collaborating in order to get the best results from our studies and attempts. This is the value of teamwork which allows us to

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17,6 ECM e il DIMAGRIMENTO LOCALIZZATO

Certificazione

DietaCOM ADVISOR ®

ROMA - 13/14 giugno

RELATORI Marco Tullio Cau - Massimo Spattini

ECM Sono stati richiesti al Ministero della Salute i crediti ECM per le figure professionali di: Medico Chirurgo, Biologo, Dietista, Farmacista RESPONSABILE SCIENTIFICO Massimo Spattini SEGRETERIA Scientifica e Organizzativa AFFWA - Galleria Crocetta 9/A - 43126 PARMA Tel. 0521 1682083 - Fax 0521 294971 accademia-affwa@libero.it www.affwa.it

QUOTE : Entro il 22.05.2015 : Soci € 200,00 non Soci € 240,00 Oltre il 22.05.2015 : Soci € 240,00 non Soci € 280,00 (Le quote sono IVA esclusa)

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Endocrinologia generale Valutazione della composizione corporea Ritmi circadiani Dismetabolismi implicati nel sovrappeso Basi fisiologiche del dimagrimento Influenze ormonali sul deposito localizzato di grasso Attività fisica e dimagrimento localizzato Impostazioni pratiche di programmi di allenamento Impostazioni pratiche di valutazione della composizione corporea Prove pratiche di formulazione Diete Integratori alimentari e dimagrimento Prove pratiche di integrazione alimentare

L’Accademia del Fitness reach our goals.

Postural control can provide indications concerning possible obstacles which can limit the quality of nervous stimuli, of energy paths as well as indications concerning discharge. Excessive tone in some muscles or muscle chains could represent unsolvable problems or problems that can be overcome with difficulty and could invalidate methods and theories.

Not to mention organic problems. In one of my recent articles I made reference to the postural damage related to food intolerance, inflammatory conditions of the organs, their structure, their interconnection and therefore to the compromised functioning of the whole system.

I consider the Diaphragm a focal point. My constant recommendation to my students is “Make sure it breathes!!!” It might sound simplistic, yet this is often the first problem we face.

The diaphragm, which is such an important and also neglected muscle, is fundamental in our life: “we come into life inspiring and die expiring”…

If only we recognized and paid more attention to the functions of this organ, our life would certainly improve.

So what is my indication?

Before trying to solve a “problem”, let us dedicate ourselves to the “theme” of the life of the subject we are going to interact with, in order to reach certain goals. Let us not resort to pre-existing methods and theories which would make us lose track of our “field” and remember that, if we did not wear the right kind of shoes, we would risk falling in the mud!!

Pay special attention if the subject mentions having cold hands and feet, or feels his/her skin itchy as if with needles, or feels a certain tingling sensation in his/ her body: these are some of the most common symptoms of bad circulation. The same can be said of a heavy sensation in the arms and legs, pain and cramps in the hands and legs, frail hand nails, the appearance of varicose veins, cramps in the glutei and legs, weakness in the hands and feet, dizziness when standing up.

These symptoms could depend on hyper tonicity and/or retraction of the paravertebral antigravitary muscles, which leads to nerve compression, muscle contraction due to prolonged wrong postures, inflammation and so on. Therefore, it is important to

The diaphragm, which is such an important and also neglected muscle, is fundamental in our life: “we come into life inspiring and die expiring”

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number 17 / 2015 see a doctor in order to establish the causes of bad circulation and resort to the right remedies to contrast it, keeping in mind that training sessions should obviously be personalized according to one’s postural needs, while also respecting one’s metabolic condition.

The following example will explain this concept more clearly.

At her first postural examination, a 30-year-old woman presents accentuated lumbar lordosis, blocked diaphragm and difficulty in controlling her hips. Her body composition, detected by plicometry and impedentiometry, presents an excellent condition, which could be defined as “smooth” in gym jargon: in other words, with no hint of a woman’s fitness musculature.

The idea of training her muscles with workouts, including for instance squats and launches - which would work very well in other situations - would turn out to be a failure for this kind of subject, and could damage a beautiful woman perhaps even irreversibly.

In this case I think it would be useful to start from acquiring awareness and from respiratory education, which would have the effect of unblocking her diaphragm, pelvic belt, of attaining perineal floor sensitization and mobilization, core stabilization

with leg toning workouts in quadrupedal and decubitus position to discharge the rachis and ensure adequate venous return.

Cardio fitness will have to respect and promote those discharge situations studied for toning.

After learning how to perform the exercises correctly, she could submit the upper part of her particularly thin body to greater solicitations and more engaging workouts. In the follow up checkups, after the subject has shown a more suitable condition, it will be possible to plan sessions in the respect of her hopefully improved postural state, reducing further risks. What really matters is to place the subject at the centre of our attention. A careful exam of his/her condition will show us the best way to reach - without any problems and in the most suitable condition - first our health and then aesthetic goals. The method must be adjusted to the subject, and not viceversa.

Cardio fitness will have to respect and promote those discharge situations studied for toning.

Prof. Ciro di Cristino Qualified at ISEF; Teacher at the AFFWA National Courses; Teacher at the Training Course “Wellbeing and Lifestyles”: at Sapienza University in Rome; Teacher-Educator-Trainer of various Sport Disciplines.

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L’Accademia del Fitness

HEALTH STARTS

FROM THE RIGHT CURVES How the curvature of your spine affects your health Having proper posture is very important for many reasons. Beyond the cosmetic benefits of proper posture such as looking thinner and more confident in your appearance, your posture also affects how you look and feel on a daily basis. Posture influences every physiologic function of your body, it can have a positive or negative influence on your strength, function, performance and overall energy levels.

From a structural perspective, posture is the position of your spine, connective tissue, ligaments and muscles that support it. Healthy posture starts with the proper position of the spine.

A healthy back has three natural curves; an inward or forward curve at the neck (cervical curve), an outward or backward curve at the upper back (thoracic curve) and an inward curve at the lower back (lumbar curve). Abnormal curvatures of the spine lead to postural imbalances affecting other parts of the body.

For example, individuals who present with an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (or scoliosis) often present with postural imbalances of the hips, the shoulders, and the scapulae.

Although postural exercises can help to bring awareness to muscular imbalances of these spinal curvatures, it is also important to have the alignment of the spine evaluated. In order to obtain normal range of motion of the spinal column it has to

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be established by first increasing the mobility of the spinal articulations. Doctors of chiropractic are specialists in mobilizing spinal articulations through manual manipulation of the spinal column. Chiropractic care has been demonstrated as a highly effective therapy to correct the position of the spinal curves, improving overall posture of the body.

Bad posture is a modern-day health epidemic that is much worse than most people naturally assume. When your posture is out of balance, then your spine is out of balance, putting unhealthy pressure upon all other structures of the body including the nervous system and breathing patterns. The spine has a powerful relationship with the brain, spinal cord, and overall organ function. This intimate connection means that poor posture and spinal health has a far more reaching affect throughout the entire body. Eventually the structural changes from poor posture can lead to muscle tension, fatigue, pain, injury and changes in mood.

Posture affects every physiologic function of the body. A slumped forward posture, when the shoulders round forward, affects your ability to breath well because it closes the front rib cage, decreasing the lungs’ ability to take deep breaths. This decreases lung capacity and lessens the body’s ability to effec-

number 17 / 2015

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L’Accademia del Fitness tively oxygenate cells, thus decreasing performance in everyday life and athletic activities. In the lower body, people commonly present with hip misalignments caused by a short leg. This too can cause muscular imbalances of the spine and undue strain to the lower back. Individuals who present with hip misalignments are more prone to injuries such as herniated discs of the lumbar spine or knee injuries.

Being aware of your posture throughout the day is essential to obtaining healthy posture. For people who sit for extended periods of time, choose a chair that allows you to rest your feet flat on the floor, while keeping your knees level with your hips.

Sit with your back firmly against the chair.

If necessary, place a small cushion behind the curve of your lower back. Or sit on a stability ball for increased core and postural awareness.

Be aware of your posture by keeping your upper back and neck comfortably straight, shoulders relaxed away from your ears and gently pulled down and backward. Place your computer screen at eye-level to avoid looking down and rounding the shoulders forward for extended periods of time. For individuals who stand for prolonged periods

of time, it is very important to keep an even weight distribution over each leg, and to wear shoes that provide adequate support to the feet. By being proactive with your posture and aware of your work environment, you can increase your overall efficiency at work and decrease the potential for work related accidents.

Proper posture is also a critical aspect of enhancing physical performance of athletes. An athlete with poor posture will inevitably have muscular imbalances.

This leads to inhibited spinal movement, decreased performance, less coordination of fine movements, and creates the potential for injury.

Athletes should have their spine examined by a doctor of chiropractic, if any imbalances are detected, this should be the first thing corrected before beginning an athletic training program.

Proper posture is also a critical aspect of enhancing physical performance of athletes. An athlete with poor posture will inevitably have muscular imbalances.

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Dr. Krista Burns DC, DrHA, CPEP Doctor of Chiropractic Doctor of Health Administration Certified Postural Specialist

CORSI 2015 ROMA

9-10 maggio 23-24 maggio 13 giugno ESAME: 14 giugno

PERSONAL TRAINER PARMA

18-19 aprile 16-17 maggio 30 maggio 6-7 giugno ESAME: 13 giugno AFFWA

Accademia Funzionale del Fitness - Wellness - Antiaging Tel. 0521.1682083 - Fax 0521.294971 accademia-affwa@libero.it - www.affwa.it

L’Accademia del Fitness

HEAVY LEGS AND VENOUS CIRCULATION

The role of natural extracts The sensation of easy fatigability on our legs every time we strain - for example walking too fast carrying a load, going up the stairs, playing tennis or going jogging – does not depend on lack of exercise, unlike many people believe.

Our legs become tired because their muscles do not receive the right amount of blood, hence of oxygen necessary to perform the required activity.

In fact, in order to keep healthy and intact to perform its functions at its best, an organ or tissue must receive proper nutrition and, above all, must be able to eliminate the waste produced by its energy work.

As for legs, the situation is much more complicated. The erect position has created very different hydrodynamic conditions from the ones of quadrupeds, in which all the body weight is uniformly distributed on four legs.

No animals suffer from varicose veins nor have swollen legs.

This is a prerogative of human beings, in particular women.

Due to the force of gravity, the blood tends to go downward. It is only thanks to the tone of the veins and to the thrust coming from the muscles of the calf and of the sole, helped by chest inspiration, that the blood goes up again towards the heart. The semilunar valves inside the veins help the venous blood flow upwards.

Yet, when the blood cannot flow upwards and accumulates inside the venous vessel, the venous walls suffer from excessive tension and become less and less resistant. They tend to dilate, losing their normal capacity to contain blood. In this case there is a progressive loss of “venous tone”, which is the main responsible for disorders of the microcirculation physiological functionality.

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Which signals indicate a disorder of the microcirculation physiological functionality?

• Heavy and sore legs, especially in the evening and after prolonged standing.

• “Superficial” veins which form visible bulges on the leg.

• Localised swelling below the ankles. The legs are tenser and stiffer than usual, as if they were made of “cork”.

• Tingling sensation, itch and muscle cramps to the calf, with sudden heat sensation.

All the disorders of the microcirculation physiological functionality are more intense at the end of a day after very prolonged standing, on the days before menstrual cycle and certainly in summer, especially on particularly scorching days.

In the hot season, circulation disorders become more intense because heat tends to cause vein dilatation: it is more difficult for the blood to flow upwards (it is easier to flow up a channel with uniform diameter than one with dilatations) and the valves have difficulty in preventing the blood reflux downward.

Therefore, those who have circulation disorders should avoid sun exposure in the hottest hours, as well as hot wax depilation, sauna and having a bath with very hot water.

Useful medicinal plants to favour the functionality of venous circulation Medicinal plants useful for the legs wellbeing share the same action: they reactivate the normal characteristics of microcirculation, in particular physiological of permeability and of the tone of venous capillaries.

L’Accademia del Fitness

They can be used for long periods of time and are highly tolerated, and no one of the phytocomplexes described below has specific contraindications or relevant side effects. However, in case of pregnancy and nursing mothers, it is advisable to ask one’s doctor as general precaution.

No animals suffer from varicose veins nor have swollen legs.

This is a prerogative of human beings, in particular women.

Ruscus aculeatus.

Also known as “butcher’s broom”, it is traditionally considered of good omen during Christmas holidays. Ruscus aculeatus acts effectively and with a variety of activities on the stages characterising the progression of the venous pathology.

Active as vessel toner, its main effect is vein vasoconstriction.

It is very effective in fighting the weakening of the capillary walls, which occurs due to venous stasis. Ruscus also has good anti-inflammatory properties and they are effective in reducing excessive endothelial permeability, that is, the leakage of liquids outside the vessel.

The vasoconstrictor and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the property to inhibit capillary permeability of Ruscus extract and of the main functional substances of the phytocomplex) give this plant a pivotal role in the reactivation of the venous microcirculation and in the vessel tone increase of veins which are still intact. This allows to reach functional improvement, which is the aim of venous insufficiency therapy. The activity can also be obtained through local application of the extract incorporated in ointments and creams.

Its quality is expressed by the titre of the main functional sub-

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stances of the phytocomplex localised in the plant roots.

Centella. Centella asiatica.

It is perhaps one of the most known among medicinal plants used for venous disorders and it is also widespread in treating cellulite and to reactivate the skin tone and elasticity.

Active in stimulating tissue regeneration, Centella has a regulating effect on the endothelium metabolism of blood vessels as well as of cutaneous tissues (the skin) and subcutaneous tissues (perivascular tissues which surround vein vessels).

As a result, there is an improvement in resistance and elasticity of the venous wall, and a significant enhancement of the repair process of injuries and lesions. This is why it is used in treating varicose veins and in preventing from complication (varicose ulcer, injuries, etc.).

The effect of Centella is linked to the stimulation of collagen production – one of the fundamental substances for the normal tissue repair process – which causes better elasticity both in the venous wall and in the skin. The activity is also reached through the local application of the extract incorporated in ointments and creams.

Its quality is expressed by the titre in total triterpenic derivatives, among which the most famous is asiaticoside.

Hamamelis virginiana.

Known above all for its skin soothing and anti-reddening prop-

L’Accademia del Fitness erties, Hamamelis has a good circulation regulation activity, especially as for venous circulation.

Active in protecting the blood vessel walls, it is particularly indicated in case of capillary fragility. The soluble tannins of the leaves of Hamamelis virginiana – the main one is gallic acid – have evident trophism towards the vascular tunic. Its phytocomplex shows strong anti-inflammatory properties, effective against free radicals. This helps the physiological functionality of vascular and perivascular tissues which had been compromised by inflammatory phenomena caused by venous insufficiency. The plant is also widely employed for external use, both as Hamamelis extract and as distilled water, for irritated skin which easily suffers from reddening.

Its quality is expressed by the titre in expressed phenolic substances such as gallic acid, abundant in the plant leaves.

Red vine. Vitis vinifera.

Red vine is rich in anthocyanosides, a special class of bioflavonoids with high antioxidant properties, effective in fighting the hyperproduction of free radicals during the inflammatory process.

Active above all as capillary-protector, the plant helps increase the resistance of the venous wall, reducing capillary permeability and fragility. In fact, the protective action of anthocyanosides on the vessel tunics of arteries and veins is well known. It also

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has anti-inflammatory and anti-oedematous properties, above all in microcirculation.

Its quality is expressed by the titre in anthocyanosides expressed as cyanidol 3-glycoside, present in its leaves.

Horse-chestnut. Aesculus hippocastanum.

By now it has been used for a long time in treating venous disorders, above all in microcirculation alterations.

Active in fighting inflammation of the perivascular tissues in case of CVI, it is effective in reducing oedemas and structural alterations of the support tissues surrounding the venous vessel. Its active principle has been long identified as aescin, a triterpene saponin present in the phytocomplex.

Thanks to the energetic activity of aescin and for its effective action observed after local application of the phytocomplex, horse-chestnut is mainly used externally (in ointments, gel creams, etc.), generally associated to other phytocomplexes.

Its quality is expressed by the titre in aescin, contained in horse-chestnut seeds (the so-called “horse-chestnuts”, mistakenly considered the fruits of the plant).

Dr. Giovanni Occhionero Pharmaceutical Chemist expert in natural integration in sport and antiaging phytotherapy Simeb teacher (Italian Society of Biointegrated Medicine)

DIMAGRIRE COME VUOI, DOVE VUOI! ADERISCI CON IL TUO CLUB AL PROGETTO

PROVA, GUADAGNA E SE TI PIACE....

LA PRIMA RICERCA DEL PROGETTO HA UNA DURATA DI 4 SETTIMANE E OFFRE LA POSSIBILITÀ AL CENTRO DI PROVARE IL PROTOCOLLO PER UN MESE SU UN'AREA TEST DI 100 PERSONE

LE TESTIMONIANZE PALASPRINT LA SPEZIA Nonostante lo scetticismo iniziale, già nel primo mese di prova ci siamo accorti dei numerosi vantaggi che ci ha portato sia a livello di fatturato che di fidelizzazione.

Grazie!!!!

MIQO TREVISO Dopo essere stati scelti come area test ed aver toccato con mano i vantaggi di un progetto scientifico, abbiamo continuato ad utilizzarlo con successo, incrementando il fatturato e la fidelizzazione.

Proprio ciò che serviva al nostro club !!!!!

I CLIENTI DICONO...

SILVIA M.

35 anni educatrice

MAURIZIO M.

42 anni impiegato

Ho avuto da subito buone sensazioni confermate poi dal test di misurazione eseguito dopo appena 2 settimane: meno 4 cm di circonferenza in entrambe le cosce!

Consiglio a tutte di farlo!

Innanzitutto funziona! Ho deciso di sottopormi al metodo nonostante mi stessi già allenando in maniera tradizionale. Perdere quasi 7 cm in circonferenza addominale in sole 4 settimane mi ha lasciato veramente a bocca aperta.

FEDERICA S.

35 anni parrucchiera

e-mail: info@metooconsulting.it Alessandro: 3421466681 Igor: 3468584330

L’allenamento è stato efficace in quanto mi ha fatto perdere centimetri e allo stesso tempo migliorare il tono muscolare.

Perdere 7 cm sui fianchi in sole 4 settimane è semplicemente fantastico!!

L’Accademia del Fitness

EVERYTHING IS PERFORMANCE Today I am going to talk about performance.

When talking about performance, we generally think of athletic performance, competitions... now I will ask you: “Handling a sale successfully: is it a performance?”

“Teaching a good class: is it a performance?”

“Being successful in a personal training session: is it a performance?”

Now we can understand the meaning of the title of this article.

Everyone has had successful performances and low-key ones.

What is difficult is to understand how to “replicate” the successful ones and “how and when” to intervene in order to improve the low-key ones.

Let me use a metaphor to explain what we are going to do: If your car breaks down and you try to understand what is wrong with it by looking at it on its whole, it will be hard to find the broken part. On the contrary, if you dismantle it you have more possibilities to understand what part broke down.

Therefore, we are going to “dismantle” our performance into

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FACTORS and we are going to create an instant picture of our performance.

Besides describing each single factor specifically, we are going to connect the factors of the S.F.E.R.A. Model to what may happen in a sports centre.

Ready? Go!!!

S.F.E.R.A.: it is a model used to interpret reality. It allows to evaluate the psycho-physical condition of the actor (not a cinema actor but an individual who takes an active part in an action) or of a “system” of actors related to a performance. It is a sort of psycho-physical picture of the performance.

This model, made within the Operative Unit of Sport Psychology at the Scuola Universitaria Interfacoltà of Motor Sciences in Turin, was elaborated and improved by Prof. Giuseppe Vercelli and his team. It is successfully used with National teams and sports federations such as FISI (Italian Winter Sports Federation), FICK (Italian Canoe and Kayak Federation), FIPAV (Italian Volleyball Federation), as well as Juventus University and many others.

L’Accademia del Fitness VERY MUCH A LOT ENOUGH LITTLE NOTHING AT ALL

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Each initial represents those factors which – as athletes and amateurs have shown – are at the basis of a performance. For each factor we will give examples of sports clubs, according to various points of view: structure, actors, clients, classes, etc.

Synchrony: Synchrony is the capacity to be perfectly present and focused on what we are doing in a specific time. It is pure present, moment by moment, in a state of perfect connection between body and mind.

Athletes are in synchrony when they manage to do and imagine at the same time, when they act here and now without the presence of an inner dialogue focused on the past (for example: I made a mistake) or on the future (for example: I must not fall down).

When we are in synchrony, we have the feeling that body and mind are a whole and speak the same language.

The lack of synchrony is mainly represented by the dissociation between body and mind. This happens when the mind leaves the present and moves towards the future or back to the past.

This is represented by thinking of something else, focusing on other people’s judgement rather than on what we are doing, thinking of something we did previously or to be done subsequently, being afraid to make a mistake, focusing on the result rather than on action.

Synchrony can be trained in several ways. For instance, by means of exercises to enhance one’s inner dialogues with oneself, or through training in order to achieve higher awareness about what is happening here and now.

Let us try and consider SYNCHRONY inside a fitness centre. Let us see with practical and tangible examples how R+ can help our daily workout at the gym.

Now I will ask you to think of group exercise classes with an emotional view, rather than a technical one.

The users of a sports club are loyal to a discipline as long as they are in synchrony when performing it.

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During a pilates session, the concept of “concentration” exactly corresponds to synchrony. A yoga class is certainly based on body-mind connection.

By examining disciplines which seems to be far away from the ones that have been mentioned so far, we realise that the same thing applies.

Let us consider a choreographic step class... Do we have any possibility to follow it if our body and mind are not “connected”?... I don’t think so!

If we analyse the job of a PT, it is based on making the client establish a body-mind connection “here and now” by means of corrections, assistance, dialogue, etc.

Do you know any client who likes being attended by a PT who is constantly “ASYNCHRONOUS” because they are always connected on Facebook? (in this way, the PT is not here and now but rather there and now).

Force: It is made of the positive features we are aware we have. There are three types of force: physical, technical and mental. Actually, during a competing it is important to use only our key strength, while during training sessions it is possible to deal with improvement areas.

In order to achieve this goal, the first step is necessarily being able to recognise one’s key strength, being able to identify it, being aware of it and enhance it.

Actually, performers are not always aware of their key strength, while they are certainly more competent in recognizing their improvement areas.

Also, the definition of challenging but realistic goals, measurable and achievable according to the athlete’s responsibility, can help recognize and enhance this factor, implementing the possibility of success.

Let us make an example on the three main elements of force and sports club.

What immediately comes to my mind is an example of wrong management of key strength, which I have witnessed many times at the gym.

Let us mention as an example a family-run small sports centre where the main strength is the relationship with clients. Let’s call this sports club “X”.

Not far from this gym, a large sports centre opens. It has invested in hardware structure a lot (wide areas, a lot of machines, huge cardio-fitness area, etc.).

What I have seen very often is that at this point the “X” sports club enhances the same key strength as its competitor (trying improbable expansion, buying new equipment, running into debt in order to reach the clients who praise the key strength of the other centre).

All these aspects have one consequence: the X sports centre risks losing or forgetting its key strength.

Due to the pressure of the time and to investment, the environment which had always been a “plus” for the “X” gym, is now damaged... that’s it!

IO gio n a m SITIVO PO number 17 / 2015

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L’Accademia del Fitness sive”, while if I use too little I am “lazy”.

Rhythm: If Energy represents the quantity dimension, rhythm represents quality. During the day, the body goes through different cycles, dominated by ultradian rhythms. These fundamental cycles of rest and activity modulate many key systems of the body and mind, such as for example quickness of mind, one’s mood and creativity, energy and appetite, physical performance or memory. An athlete who does not respect these cycles can suffer from fatigue and overtraining.

Talking of rhythm related to athletes also means talking of motor gesture, and the sensations connected to that factor of the Model refer to the elegance and smoothness of athletic gesture.

Also at the fitness centre we can recognise athletes dominated by rhythm, because they are perceived by everyone as “elegant”, natural leaders, people who know how to be leaders.

Let us think of some technical directors whose staff would be ready to make a sacrifice if they asked so, let us think of some sports centre owners who are not only the “boss” but who also set the example and are an inspiration for the whole group.

Training Rhythm, which in this field often coincides with leadership, is very amusing and intriguing... I am telling you this out of my experience.

Let us rewind (like in the film “Sliding Doors”) and imagine how different it would be if the “X” Club enhanced its key strength, for example giving more importance to programes which “systematically” follow the client (following a method and a model... that is the same old story!!!), which make the client feel welcome, taken care of, cuddled... I think it would be a different story!

Also at the fitness centre we can recognise athletes dominated by rhythm, because they are perceived by everyone as “elegant”, natural leaders, people who know how to be leaders.

Energy: It can be defined as the individual’s use of strength and power.

Athletes use the right amount of Energy when they feel there is a balance, their movements and thoughts flow naturally and at best, without causing exhaustion (too much energy) nor boredom (little energy).

When using the right amount of energy, we perceive a feeling of ease towards the task we are performing, we are able to “see” what surrounds us: new details which allow us to go beyond the things we know, through a mechanism of perceptive imagination which will almost make it possible to perceive what may happen in the future.

Let us introduce this factor of the S.F.E.R.A. model into the fitness field.

In short, if I use too much energy I am perceived as “aggres-

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Activation: Activation is the motivational engine. The concept of activation is basically connected to the concept of passion, which leads the activities we perform and becomes its motivational engine, allowing the subject to go beyond limits and face difficulties.

The sensations we can recognise in this state are linked to the pleasure of doing, basically perceiving action as something amusing, a game we feel like playing.

I think it is even superfluous to give an example on activation linked to the fitness environment, considering that almost all the people who have been working in sports centres have started from their “pure passion”!

Paolo Evangelista Teacher of musical disciplines of Fitness to Interfaculty School of Sports Science ( SUISM ) Expert in Sports Psychology International Presenter

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THE USE OF CELLFOOD® BY SPORTSMEN Oxygen consumption modulation to optimize performance and improve the quality of recovery – what’s new from research Oxidative stress Oxidative stress is currently considered an emerging risk factor for our health, since it is not only associated to premature aging, but also to many diseases often connected to lifestyle, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative disorders and many forms of cancer (Iorio & Balestrieri, 2009). It is particularly dangerous since it does not manifest itself in specific clinical events and can be diagnosed only submitting the subject who is probably affected by it to specific biochemical tests, which unfortunately are not carried out in all laboratories (Iorio & Balestrieri, 2009).

Therefore, improving oxygen bioavailability in the cells where it is mostly used – in the mitochondria - and at the same time preventing the undesired effects of possible excessive ROS production, are the main aims of any intervention in preventive medicine, above all in subjects who are engaged in particularly demanding sports activities.

Regular physical activity can actually prevent or reduce oxida-

tive stress, both thanks to the release by the endothelial cells of nitric oxide (NO) - a free radical with vasodilation and antiinflammatory action - and thanks to neo-synthesis of antioxidative enzymes (mainly superoxide-dismutase and catalase) in muscle cells.

However, a particularly heavy physical activity – due to load and/or duration, such as in aerobics - especially in untrained subjects, can give rise to or aggravate oxidative imbalance by means of excessive mitochondrial metabolism on the one hand and, on the other, the activation of cytosolic xanthine oxidase (Iorio, 2004).

Actually, the increased need of oxygen on part of the muscles can lead to accentuated events (from a physiological 1-2%, to a definitively pathological 8-10%) of monovalent oxygen reduction on the mitochondrial crests, and therefore to uncontrolled ROS production (Iorio & Balestrieri, 2009). This damages above all polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids– which undergo cis-trans isomerization and peroxidation – and

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Studio sugli effetti del CELLFOOD® su atleti professionisti In uno studio doppio cieco e controllo con placebo condotto presso l’Università di Pretoria (Medicina dello Sport) per valutare gli effetti di CELLFOOD® su 45 atleti eterogenei professionisti, si sono ottenuti i seguenti risultati:

• Aumento dei valori di ferritina, emoglobina, globuli rossi.

• Aumento della velocità massima di corsa e diminuzione dello sforzo misurato.

• Diminuzione della produzione di acido lattico misurato. È stato dimostrato che «sotto allenamento fisico» la presenza di radicali liberi può aumentare anche fino a tre volte rispetto al valore normale.

Spesso però l’apporto di antiossidanti e nutrienti risulta essere insufficiente sia per lo scarso apporto di vegetali nella dieta, sia per il depauperamento al quale questi alimenti sono sottoposti a causa dei metodi industriali di coltivazione e raffinazione. Per proteggersi dall’azione dei radicali liberi, l’organismo necessita quindi di una integrazione efficace, naturale e ottimale.

Dosaggio e protocollo CELLFOOD® per atleti Agitare prima dell’uso e diluire le gocce in un bicchere di acqua oligominerale: assumere almeno 10 / 20 minuti prima dei pasti principali.

Per le gare e gli allenamenti si può raggiungere un dosaggio di 12 /14 /16 gocce tre volte al giorno aumentando gradualmente di una goccia (tre volte al giorno) tutti i giorni. Nei giorni di riposo si consiglia il dosaggio standard di 8 gocce tre volte al giorno.

Si possono associare i seguenti prodotti: CELLFOOD® multivitamin 100% RDA 3/6 spray alla mattina e 3/6 spray dopo l’allenamento. CELLFOOD® DIET SWITCH 25/30 gocce subito prima di partire per gara o allenamento; si possono assumere anche 20 gocce prima di andare a dormire. A questi prodotti si possono associare a rotazione, uno al mese, gli altri prodotti della linea CELLFOOD® a seconda di specifiche necessità.

Alcuni atleti che usano da anni la linea CELLFOOD®:

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NATIONA LA

Giorgio Di Centa, Antonella Confortola, Monica Casiraghi, Monica Carlin, Ivan Cudin, Ilaria Bianchi, Laura Baldanzi, Fabrizio Vignali, il TEAM CELLFOOD, la NAZIONALE ULTRAMARATONA IUTA, il PEPERONCINO TEAM TRIATHLON e tanti altri, atleti e campioni in Italia e nel mondo.

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FDA Approved All Natural Product

CELLFOOD® è un prodotto unico al mondo. Formula Everett Storey originale dal 1969.

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L’Accademia del Fitness NUTRIZIONE PROTEINE

CARBOIDRATI

AMMINOACIDI

GLUCOSIO

RESPIRAZIONE TRIGLICERIDI GLICEROLO

OSSIGENO ATMOSFERICO

AC. GRASSI

OSSIGENO ALVEOLARE GLICOLISI

OSSIGENO CIRCOLANTE (EMOGLOBINA)

PIRUVATO

OSSIGENO CELLULARE (MITOCONDRI)

ACETIL-Co A

NAD+/FAD

H2

O2 ATP

FUNZIONI VITALI

also mitochondrial DNA, particularly sensitive to oxidative insult and therefore particularly susceptible to mutagenic effects, since it is not coupled with protective proteins. In particular, the damage to the mitochondrial bilayer reduces respiratory chain efficacy, while the reduction of ATP levels and the corresponding concentration of adenylic nucleosides, substrates of xanthine oxidase, biochemically prepares the way to ischemicreperfusion lesions (Iorio & Balestrieri, 2009). This is the beginning of a vicious circle in which ROS, produced by unsuitable physical activity involving the respiratory chain, end up damaging the mitochondria and give way to further escape of equivalent reducers and, therefore, to oxidative stress propagation.

CELLFOOD® This is where CELLFOOD® (Iorio, 2006) comes in. It is a colloidal multifunctional food integrator which contains a complex mixture of amino-acids, enzymes and oligoelements (mainly selenium) derived from algae of the Lithothamnium calcareum species. A patented process lasting 9 months and consisting in the combination of marine extracts with mineral components such as deuterium sulphate - obtained from geyser emanations – leads to the so-called “Everett-Storey formula”, also indicated as CELLFOOD® (literally “deuterium sulphate and enzymes”) (Iorio, 2006).

It can be enriched, when needed, with other nutritional components (vitamins, S-adenosylmethionine, methylsulfonylmethane, silicium, isocitric acid) in various formulas which are very useful for the sportsman’s protocol (8 systemic and 1 topic).

This CELLFOOD® formula in drops is today the only physiological modulator which can make oxygen bioavailable on demand – in other words, in the right quantity and at the right time – to tissues suffering from hypoxia risk. At the same time, it prevents excessive gas, turned into ROS, from causing the typical lesions due to oxidative stress in the most varied clinical conditions (Iorio, 2006). It is rapidly and completely absorbed, and its maximum bioavailability at low dosage allows the distribution of active principles to the various tissues according to their real metabolic needs.

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Picture 1 Nutrition-respiration interdependence: the reducing equivalents subtracted from nutrients are transferred to oxygen on the mitochondrial respiratory chain in order to generate chemical energy in the form of ATP.

number 17 / 2015 Riduzione dell’ossigeno inspirato

Alterata funzione dell’emoglobina

Rallentamento del flusso sanguigno

Disfunzione mitocondriale

IPOSSIA IPOSSICA

IPOSSIA ANEMICA

IPOSSIA STAGNANTE

IPOSSIA ISTOTOSSICA

ATP

Difficoltà di concentrazione, cefalea, vertigini, tachicardia, tachipnea, astenia, fragilità ungueale …

Dissociazione dell’emoglobina Vasodilatazione

Picture 2 From hypoxia to premature aging to the loss of wellbeing.

Biochemical bases.

H+

SUPERAMENTO DELLE RISERVE FUNZIONALI Xantina deidrogenasi xantina ossidasi

Rilascio metalli di transizione/ Scissione ROOH

Danno da ischemia-riperfusione

Disfunzione endoteliale/ossidazione LDL/danno matrice extracellulare

STRESS OSSIDATIVO INTRACELLULARE

STRESS OSSIDATIVO EXTRACELLULARE

INVECCHIAMENTO PRECOCE/MALATTIE (>100)

The “Pretoria” study These claims have been confirmed by a series of clinical and experimental evidence, first provided by the well known socalled “Pretoria Study” (Van Heerden et al., 2001). In this double blind placebo-controlled cross trial carried out at the Institute of Sports Science of the University of Pretoria (South Africa) on a group of 45 marathon runners, the intake of CELLFOOD®

at the dosages under examination (25, 35 or 40 drops per day), appeared to be associated with a statistically significant reduced mean heart rate, compared with placebo, measured at the speed of 17 km/hour (162 vs. 180 beats/min). This result basically means that the heart chambers take more time to refill, thus leading to an improvement in the myocardial performance, which is necessary in case of prolonged physical strain. From

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L’Accademia del Fitness Conta eritrocitaria

Ematocrito

4.7

4.2

Picture 3 The regular intake of Cellfood® in marathon runners is associated to a statistically significant hematocrit increase, an increase in the number of red blood cells and in hemoglobin levels without an increase in lactate production.

50 Percentuale (%)

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the statistical point of view, respiratory performance has also improved significantly, causing a decrease in the rate of respiratory acts, an increase in absolute maximum oxygen volume (VO2max) and a decrease in respiratory quotient (RQ) measured at VO2 max. The respiratory rate reduction, particularly evident at the lowest dosage tested (-14% vs. -1%), indicates an improvement in lung ventilation, while the increase of VO2 max means putting the athlete in the best condition to increase his/ her energy production capacity and therefore muscular strain efficiency. The simultaneous significant reduction of RQ, that is, of the ratio between the volume of expired carbon dioxide and the volume of inspired oxygen, which reflects the metabolic exchange of gases in the body and which is caused by the use of substrates, confirms the potential of the formula in improving physical performance.

These effects have been associated to a significant increase in hematocrit, compared with placebo, (46.41 vs. 41.38), an increase in the number of erythrocytes (5.04 x 106 vs. 4.55 x 106) and in hemoglobin levels (16.65 vs. 14,09 g/dL), with a statistically significant decrease in serum lactate, especially at medium dosage (35 drops per die), max at 12 km/h (-26.2% vs. +3.7%, interval from -10 to -26.2 vs. from +0.1 to +30.4%)

(picture 3). On the whole, the results of the “Pretoria Study” indicate that CELLFOOD® gives rise to a number of functional variations which all contribute to predispose the body to make the best use of oxygen. This leads to the aerobic improvement of metabolism and to a relevant decrease in lactate production, which result in an improvement of athletic performance.

Ljubljana and Primorska Ten years after this study, another noteworthy placebo controlled clinical trial was carried out at the Slovenian universities of Ljubljana and Primorska on professionally trained cyclists on a routine of 8 sessions/week. The trial basically confirmed the above observations, showing that, also for this category of athletes, the intake of CELLFOOD® at the dosage of 12 drops/ 3 times/day was associated with a statistically significant increase of VO2 max and of the maximal power at 5 weeks, with no significant variations of maximum heart rate or serum lactate levels (picture 4). These positive effects on oxygen consumption somehow reflect what was observed, with the same formula, in a group of asthmatic subjects (expiratory flux peak and oxygen saturation increase).

Obviously, as mentioned before, excessive oxygen consumption,

Gruppo controllo

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*

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**

75

70

65

60

Gruppo controllo Gruppo CELLFOOD® n=8 *p<0.05

*

560

Potenza (W)

Consumo di ossigeno (mL/mon/kg)

85

CELLFOOD®

520

480

440

Prima del test

Dopo il test

400

Prima del test

Dopo il test

Picture 4 The regular intake of Cellfood ® in cyclists is associated to a statistically significant VO2max and maximal power increase.

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L’Accademia del Fitness Controllo

90

HClO + Cellfood® 1:4000 + Cellfood® 1:2000 + Cellfood® 1:1000

Picture 5 Cellfood®, tested in various dilutions, can prevent intraerythrocyte glutathione depletion induced by hypochlorous acid.

+ Cellfood® 1:500

GSH (µmoli/L)

60

30

0

2,5

5 Tempo di incubazione (minuti)

necessary during physical strain, increases oxidative stress risk.

It is noteworthy to point out that in a preliminary study carried out on a group of 20 athletes, the intake of CELLFOOD® at the generally recommended dosage of 8 drops/3 times/day for 6 weeks was accompanied by a significant decrease in the plasma oxidant capacity measured by d-ROMs test, compared to the basal one. More marked effects were noticed in the age range between 18 and 30 years (303 ± 23 vs. 418 ± 35 U CARR) (Iorio, 2006). Similar effects were observed in other categories at oxidative stress risk, such as smokers (Iorio, 2006), obese (Iorio, 2006) and fibromyalgic subjects (Nieddu et al., 2007).

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10

Urbino and Milan The latest research carried out at the University of Urbino and Milan are currently throwing new light on the biochemical bases of CELLFOOD® clinical effects. In particular, its ability to inhibit GSH oxidation and its erythrocyte depletion (extremely relevant in the prevention of anaemia in athletes) (picture 5) (Benedetti et al., 2011), as well as to stimulate not only aerobic metabolism (picture 6) but also mitochondrial SOD expression in endothelial human cells (Ferrero et al., 2011), make it possible to conclude that CELLFOOD®, taken regularly in maximum daily dosages of 24 up to 36 drops, can potentially place the body and, in particular,

number 17 / 2015 Biosintesi di ATP

Rilascio di lattico-deidrogenasi

Picture 6 The addition of Cellfood® to cultural medium is associated to a significant increase of ATP levels (left) and to a decrease in lactic dehydrogenase levels (right) in endothelial cells obtained from human umbilical cord (HUVEC).

2.0

**

160

1.5

120 80

40

* **

0

LDH (U/mL di lisato cellulare)

ATP (moli µg/proteina) al di sopra del controllo

200

1.0

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5 -0.5 -40 3 ore

°1 giorno

3° giorno

5° giorno

8° giorno

-1.0 0

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its muscles, in the best metabolic conditions to reach the best performance without running risks of acidosis and, therefore, of oxidative stress. Many important athletes all over the world who use this formula successfully give evidence of this with their excellent results in terms of recovery and performance optimization, both in training and competition phases. No other known integrator so far seems to have these latter features, not even if aimed at athletes. The results of a study, carried out in a region nearby lake Qinghai (China, 2000 metres above sea level) have recently been presented at Experimental Biology 2013 (Boston,

°1 giorno

3° giorno

5° giorno

8° giorno

USA), where CELLFOOD® confirmed its capacity to improve the athletic performance in a group of professional cyclists, thanks to oxygen bioavailability improvement. (Duan’s, 2013).

Dr. Eugenio Luigi Iorio Surgeon, Ph.D in biochemical sciences, specialist in biochemistry and clinical chemistry.

Prof. Mauro Miceli Associate teacher of science biomedical laboratory.

Biomedical pole University of Florence

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Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Accademia del Fitness

GLUTEN

SENSITIVITY In the last few years the number of people suffering from celiac disease has risen significantly: it is an immune disorder which determines sensitivity to gliadin fraction in genetically predisposed subjects. In these subjects, the contact with substances containing gluten activates T lymphocytes, thus causing the activation of an inflammatory response which provokes symptoms such as intestinal villous flattening and consequently intestinal mal-absorption and inflammation, as well as asymptomatic conditions such as headaches, concentration difficulties, growth delay, anaemia, significant weight loss, stomatitis, vitamin deficiency, osteoporosis, arthritis and even symptoms connected to the nervous system.

The ingestion of gluten can provoke the production of inflammatory substances such as cytokines, which can affect the brain making it vulnerable to other dysfunctional pathologies. Beyond the increasing spreading of this specific disorder we are also assisting to a growing phenomenon, that is, the appearance of a new pathological disorder called gluten sensitivity (defined also as false celiac disease) which, unlike celiac disease or gluten intolerance, presents undefined diagnostic pictures which are still under study today.

After gluten intake, in presence of Gluten Sensitivity we have gastrointestinal symptoms similar to those of subjects affected by celiac disease or by irritable colon syndrome, such as swollen abdomen and/or abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, meteorism, as well as extraintestinal disorders such as sleepiness, headache, skin rush, depression, etc. Yet, the subjects affected by gluten sensitivity neither present villous atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, nor immune body response.

What is responsible for such a great increase in the number of subjects affected by celiac disease or gluten sensitivity? Various studies show that the answer is to be found in improper intestinal functioning due to a compromised intestinal flora which affects the production of digestive enzymes.

This situation leads to inflammatory conditions concerning in particular the microvilli which in normal conditions favour digestion and the absorption of micro nutrients.

Instead, in the presence of inflammation, we have a passage of macromolecules beyond the gastrointestinal barrier which, owing to their great dimension, can trigger an immune response.

From the results of these studies, it appears that the disorders correlated to permeable intestine can regress or can be arrested if permeability is restored.

Such permeability is mainly caused by the ingestion of mycotoxins (contained in biological polluters), in particular two of them: deoxynivalenol (DON) and lectins. DON is one of the metabo-

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L’Accademia del Fitness lites of some fungal strain belonging to the Fusarium species. It is the most feared and frequent mycotoxin which contaminates in particular cereals and derivates, and it is also found in finished products such as for instance flour and bread, since it is highly thermo-stable.

This mycotoxin can alter the gastrointestinal barrier with consequent passage of bacteria through the intestine, and can increase the passage of polluting substances such as heavy metals and pesticides, potentially enhancing their harmful effect.

As a consequence, it can favour the appearance of immune reactions which can condition the prognosis of diseases such as for instance “Gluten Sensitivity”. Lectins are proteins which are present in saprophytes and pathogens, but also in food and on the digestive tract mucosa and can enter in correlation with antigens A and B above all of red blood cells.

Therefore, if we ingest food containing lectins which are incompatible or better not recognizable by our code, we activate minimum immune response. It would seem that these proteins represent an “entrance key” for mycotoxins. The researchers who took part in these studies mainly aim at understanding immune balance, which is apparently linked to the consumption of food containing “heavy” (contaminated) gluten and at evaluating its consumption in relation to the fast

spreading of gluten-correlated diseases. The products of industrial agriculture are highly contaminated, they are grown in environments which favour the contamination of fungi and the consequent development of the above mentioned mycotoxins.

Unfortunately, they represent a great deal of the products we consume! The “contaminated” kinds of wheat have a higher percentage of gluten compared to the ones we used to consume in the past or with the ones which were not hyperfertilized. This is why they can provoke disorders not only in subjects with celiac disease but also in subjects affected by correlated immune alterations such as for instance the metabolic syndrome.

For these reasons we prefer to treat the subjects affected by Gluten Sensitivity and the patients affected by celiac disease with an elimination diet therapy, encouraging the consumption of gluten free products, eliminating at the same time products which can lead to intestinal problems (correlated exactly to intestinal permeability alterations) such as for instance milk and dairy products or food which can promote the appearance of food intolerances.

Therefore, we recommend the elimination of wheat, rye, kamut, emmer, barley, oat from the subject’s daily diet. These can be replaced by amaranth, quinoa, buck wheat, corn, millet. Eliminate milk and dairy products, as well as products containing them, and replace them with rice milk and yoghurt, almond or hazelnut milk (without added sugars).

Eliminate or at least reduce temporarily, in order to detoxify the body, eggs and food containing them, such as bakery products, breadcrumb coating, soy (yoghurt, milk, tofu. It is important to read carefully the nutritional labels of products which may contain it), coffee, tea and drinks containing them. Beef and pork should be replaced with horse meat, chicken, turkey, rabbit, guinea fowl. The consumption of refined sugars, alcohol, prawns and peanuts is to be avoided.

From the results of these studies, it appears that the disorders correlated to permeable intestine can regress or can be arrested if permeability is restored

This is a practical example of a daily diet: BREAKFAST: 1 rice yoghurt with buckwheat biscuits + jam without added sugar + a few almonds MID-MORNING SNACK: 1 fresh seasonal fruit + almonds or pine nuts LUNCH: whole grain rice + a portion of fish + a portion of vegetables dressed with extra-virgin olive oil + a slice of plain pineapple AFTERNOON SNACK: follow the indications of the morning snack DINNER A second course (for example white meat or guinea fowl) + a portion of vegetables with olive oil and ½ walnut + whole wheat or buckwheat biscuits AFTER DINNER: After at least two hours from dinner it is possible to have a portion of rice yoghurt.

This is only an example of how to plan a diet. In order to have a detailed but above all personalized plan, it is advisable to see a food and nutrition expert and undergo a detailed anamnesis, so as to have clear ideas about oneself and what one would like to become!

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Dr Claudia Bonini Dietician DietaCom Advisor

L’Accademia del Fitness

SPIRULINA:

THE SUPER FOOD FOR EVERYONE! Arthrospira Platensis, better known as ALGA SPIRULINA, belong to the class of Cyanobacteria. This plant, which is mistakenly believed to be a blue alga, can be naturally found in slightly salty alkaline warm tropical lakes.

Morphologically, it has an elongated shape (in the form of a spire, hence its name). It is not higher than half a millimetre and presents a very high quantity of chlorophyll which gives it its greenish colour.

But let us go further! From the nutritional point of view this alga presents an exceptional amount of macro and micro nutrients.

Macroscopically, almost 60% of its dry weight is made up of proteins with very high biological value. It has an amount of carbohydrates (polysaccharides and fibres) amounting to 25%, its lipids represent 8-10% and the remaining part is represented by various micronutrients (B group vitamins, vitamin C, A, E, minerals, etc.).

From this brief description it is clear that spirulina can also be used as an integrator for athletes and vegetarians (or vegans) who inevitably follow a low-protein diet with high biological value (10-12g per die are enough to integrate a good amount of essential amino acids).

The definition of “super food” derives from the fact that this alga can modulate many physiological processes and it presents a wide range of action.

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But let us go step by step, analyzing briefly its extraordinary (and main) qualities: Anti-inflammatory and anti radical activity: given the presence of omega-6 fatty acids (GLA, LINOLEIC ACID) and omega-3 (ALA) besides the three main antioxidant vitamins, that is VITAMIN C, VITAMIN E and VITAMIN A (ACE complex), it appears to be effective as an anti inflammatory modulator which inhibits the formation of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, reducing the formation of prostaglandin E2. It also acts as an antioxidant against hydroxy alkoxy radicals, and reduces microsomal lipid peroxidation (Muga MA et al. 2014).

Hypolipidemic activity: a 2010 review (Ruitang D et al. 2010) has pointed out that in non pathological subjects who followed a diet containing a large amount of fats, the daily consumption of 8g of spirulina for 16 weeks reduced total haematic fraction of cholesterol and improved the ratio between LDL and HDL, increasing HDL percentage. Researchers agree that this alga contains compounds which diminish cholesterol solubility and improve its excretion (through faeces) by means of bile. One of these compounds is phycocyanin, a hydrosoluble protein largely present in spirulina which allows the decrease of cholesterol and increases the fraction of HDL serum.

Immune stimulating activity: famous for being administrated to NASA astronauts before and during their missions, spirulina

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L’Accademia del Fitness presents numerous immune stimulating properties. A 1999 study (Ishii et al. 1999) showed that the intake of spirulina (2g/ die) increased IgA concentration. Further studies (Hirahashi et al. 2002, Cingi et al. 2008) showed that spirulina increased IFN-γ (interferon gamma) concentration and the production of natural killer cells (NK-cells) in haematic samples of volunteers involved in the study.

In particularly allergic subjects it was observed that spirulina relieved typical allergy symptoms and it increased both antibody response and the production of lymphocytes T. As far as its antiviral and anti cancerogenic activity are concerned, I must say that there are no studies in vivo (of my knowledge) which show its efficacy against viral pathologies or which contrast the growth of tumour cells. By stimulating the immune system, spirulina undoubtedly offers great help to those who suffer from chronic viral pathologies (for instance Herpes) and it seems that, in vitro, it suppresses the replication of virus HIV-1 in lymphocytes-T (Hayashi et al. 1996). It was then discovered in a 2014 German study that a daily integration of 5g of spirulina in HIV subjects does not avoid the decimation of immune cells T-CD4+ but it increases the total amount of antioxidants in the body (TAOS), thus producing a decrease in the “opportunistic” pathologies connected to HIV (ex. diarrhea, chronic tiredness, gastro-enteric problems, etc).

As far as sport is concerned, a 2010 Greek study (Kalafati et al. 2010) took into exam two groups of trained track athletes.

The first group was given a placebo, the second a dose of 6g of spirulina divided in their main meals. The subjects were put on a treadmill and started running at the speed of 10Km/h, increasing 1Km/h every minute.

The results were outstanding: the experimental group significantly increased resistance to effort and also presented a greater haematic concentration of GSH (Glutathione) than the placebo group. We must keep in mind that this tripeptide is a marker of the antioxidant response of the body, its reduced form (GSH) shows that the body is not under serious stress (which is obviously created after prolonged physical strain).

For ordinary people who want to use spirulina as an integrator, the dosages vary from 2 to 12g. For athletes the daily intake is of 6g, 2g during every meal; for immunodepressed or dyslipidemic subjects dosages should be increased to 12g. Instead, for those who want to use this alga as an antioxidant in order to have an anti-aging effect, 2-3g per die are enough (always to be taken before main meals).

By stimulating the immune system, spirulina undoubtedly offers great help to those who suffer from chronic viral pathologies

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Dr. Andrea Angelozzi Nutritionist biologist, Master in Antiaging and antistress methodology, “La Sapienza” Rome.

L’Accademia del Fitness

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS:

BEWARE OF MUSCLE CRAMPS Our body is healthy when its regulating system can make use of alkalising minerals, vitamins, anti-oxidants to keep the balance and eliminate the acids produced by cellular metabolism.

The term “pH” is by now widely used in everyday life. It may sound obvious to remind that it is a mere number: from 0 to 7 it is acid, 7 is neutral and from 7 to 14 it is basic or alkaline.

Basically, the more the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), the lower – that is, acid – the pH and viceversa. Why is it so important for our body and above all which value should we have (and keep)?

The majority of harmful events or wrong habits, starting from one’s diet, causes the accumulation of hydrogen ions, which leads to acidosis. Cramps are its symptom, and they should not be neglected. Let’s find out how to face it and possibly prevent it.

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“In order to answer this question we can compare every cell to a battery” says Angelo Di Fede, Kousminian doctor specialised in immunology and allergology. “The positive pole, acid, is represented by the nucleus, while the negative pole is the surrounding environment, delimited by the cellular membrane (cytoplasm), where chemical processes take place to keep the cell alive, so that it can perform its functions and interact with other cells. Like batteries, also cells have their own voltage, that is, potential difference, both between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and between the internal and external side of the cellular membrane. Moreover, the chemical reactions – which

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could generally be called metabolism – require energy consumption, produce various kinds of waste and inevitably cause a temporary change of electric charges and of pH”. If we extend this concept to the whole body, leaving aside the prerogatives of some tissues (for example, it is well-known that the pH of the skin and the vagina is acid, due to its role as defensive barrier) we realize that the pH of the blood, which is a sort of “official reference”, is always the result of a balance of everything that happens in each body area.

Let’s consider the second question: what is our optimal pH? “In human beings the physiological value of the pH of blood is around 7.4, with oscillations between 7.36 and 7.46 (below 7.10 there is coma and then death)” says Di Fede. “Therefore, we can conclude that first of all we are healthy at neutral pH. Second, we can easily imagine that excessive pH variations can be both the cause and effect of suffering and even disease for the body”. Since the majority of harmful events or wrong habits, starting from one’s diet, causes the accumulation of hydrogen ions, acidosis represents the condition we must try to face and possibly prevent, if we want to keep healthy.

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An important difference in gender Many diseases are favoured by the condition of metabolic acidosis. With regard to physiology, women are penalized compared to men. Due to their menstrual cycle, women face periodic acidification. This explains their higher predisposition to cystitis and autoimmune diseases. However, women’s body develops higher immunity, while men lack it and suffer more in case of persistent acidosis and disease.

Women with their menstrual cycle face periodic acidification.

This explains their higher predisposition to cystitis and autoimmune diseases.

The regulation of acid/base balance Before studying the causes and consequences of acidosis, it is important to explain how the body keeps its pH, or better, the so-called “acid/base balance” in its normal interval. The main buffer is represented by bicarbonates, which are present in all the organic liquids and can be activated in a fraction of a second. “Yet, when bigger regulation is required, two systems are activated”, explains Di Fede: “the lung, quick (it acts in a couple

number 17 / 2015 of hours) allows to eliminate 70% of hydrogen ions in the form of carbon dioxide, while the kidney is 100% efficient but much slower”.

Metabolic acidosis occurs when the so-called balance mechanisms lose their effectiveness. There are two forms: severe metabolic acidosis if it leads to a reduction of the blood pH, thus to degenerative, autoimmune or neoplastic diseases; latentpersistent metabolic acidosis, slight and insidious, if the blood pH just shows a slight decrease.

Our body is healthy when its regulating system can make use of alkalising minerals, vitamins, anti-oxidants to keep the balance and eliminate the acids produced by cellular metabolism. When these buffer systems are compromised, various symptoms may arise, for example headache, mental confusion, sleepiness, insomnia, tachycardia, cough, respiratory difficulty, asthma, nausea, vomit, cramps and muscular pain. The damage caused by acidosis start from the cell and involve many components and structures (for example capillary vessels, nerve fibres, immune system) including the very intercellular substance (or matrix).

This leads to a chemical alteration due to which it retains waste substances, which gives rise to inflammatory reaction.

The “recovery” of bicarbonates When bicarbonates run out, the kidney recovers them from the muscles. This explains the presence of cramps. Once this source has run out, too, in order not to damage the heart, the kidney “takes” the bicarbonates from bone tissue, which is demineralised and is weakened (osteoporosis).

Even a 0.1 pH reduction is enough to double the speed of bone reabsorption. Milk and cheese alone are not suitable to fight this process, since they do not contain vitamin D, fundamental in order to fix calcium. In men, osteoporosis always indicates

important diseases or it is the consequence of specific therapies which cause bone decalcification.

When a subject is tired or stressed, the nervous Energy necessary for complete digestion and assimilation is not enough.

Hence, the body cannot operate the necessary transformations, and food acids reach the blood circulation, reducing the pH. How to fight and prevent acidosis Diet is the most important factor to act in favour of the acid/base balance, together with bicarbonates and citrates. A healthy and not tired body is generally able to transform the natural acids of many raw foods (for example oranges, pomegranates, tomatoes, acidulous fruit) into alkaline carbonates, which are basic and useful for the body economy. Instead, in a tired or stressed body the nervous energy necessary for complete digestion and assimilation is not enough.

Hence, the body cannot operate the necessary transformations, and food acids reach the blood circulation, reducing the pH. Also the intestinal bacterial flora, in particular lactobacilli, have a pivotal role, since they extract and use lactic acid.

Metabolic acidosis can be prevented by increasing the consumption of alkalizing foods, such as the ones rich in phytoestrogens (linseed, soy, wholemeal cereal, legumes, cabbage, soft fruit, walnuts, algae) and fibres (fruit and vegetables) and decreasing the acid and acidifying foods (meat, cheese, cold pork meat, sweets). Also, it is important to keep a varied diet and an active lifestyle (for example, it is particularly useful to have a one-hour slow walk after dinner, to favour the elimination of carbon dioxide).

Dr. Piercarlo Salari Surgeon in Milan, specialised in Paediatrics

A specific integrator The effectiveness of one’s diet can be enhanced by a specific alkalizing food integrator, Alkimo®, based on sodium and potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxy, sodium citrate and zinc gluconate.

Formulated in pills and powder to favour the regulation of the acid/base balance, it neutralises the acid waste in excess and prevents their accumulation. It has various beneficial effects: it helps the recovery of the mineral reserves of the body.

It fights chronic inflammation and allergies, hyperacidity, pyrosis as well as muscular, articular and rheumatic affection.

It favours concentration and increases stress resistance.

It also fights muscular, articular and rheumatic affection. It must be taken 2 hours after lunch and 2 hours after dinner.

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L’Accademia del Fitness

“GENTLE LIFT”:

FROM SCALPEL TO THREADS

Sooner or later, we all see the signs of aging on our face. The first wrinkles appear, the skin is less elastic, the contour is less clean-cut. Today we have a wide range of rejuvenation techniques, from the most invasive (face lift surgery) to the most gentle ones (filler, “botulinum”, threads, laser).

They allow to correct any kind of imperfection caused by the aging process.

Aptos “thread lift” is a method dating back to 1996, when the Russian plastic surgeon Marlen Sulamanidze elaborated a minimally invasive technique using suture threads for non-surgical lift and for the deep revitalization of the soft tissues of the face and body. Today Aptos threads are used by plastic surgeons and aesthetic physicians in lots of countries all over the world as a valid alternative or

as a way to delay the need for surgical lift.

“Aptos” stands for “anti-ptosis”, that is, “anti-collapse”.

It is the name of a complete line of totally absorbable biocompatible and biostimulating threads. They are used to gently remodel and rejuvenate the face, neck and décolletage without causing any pain, by means of a mini-invasive outpatient procedure. The rejuvenation action comes together with a prolonged mesotherapeutic effect, thanks to the presence of polylactic acid in all the threads, which provides a revitalising action at cellular level. Moreover, what makes this method unique and extraordinary is the capacity of Aptos threads to correct a variety of imperfections: • customization of the method. Each type of Aptos thread has a

“A woman can be gorgeous at thirty, charming at forty, and irresistible for the rest of her life”.

(Coco Chanel)

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L’Accademia del Fitness

series of features and advantages aiming at the rejuvenation of one or more portions of the face and neck. The treatment implies minimal trauma for the tissues. Therefore, it is also suitable for patients who do not want to or who cannot undergo invasive surgical methods.

• safety. The treatment is carried out at a depth up to 3-5 mm, thus minimizing the risks to damage nerves or vessels. The materials are those which have been used in surgery for several years. There is minimal trauma and minimal bleeding.

The treatment is performed in a surgical outpatient clinic, with local anaesthesia.

• immediate and natural result. The procedure is fast and the results are immediately visible. There is gradual reabsorption of the threads, and the treatment can be repeated in time. The introduction of the threads can be associated to other procedures of aesthetic medicine (filler, “botulinum”, chemical peeling, laser treatment), up to the complete correction of all the imperfections on the face and neck.

As it was said before, the technology of Aptos threads has been available since 1996. Ongoing studies as well as incessant refinement of the technique and materials have led to the production of different and specific threads suitable for the treatment of all conditions and all skin types – even in parts of the face where the skin is thinner and more delicate – without incisions, without leaving any mark, with very quick recovery and an immediately visible result.

The reabsorption of the Aptos threads is gradual. This allows, upon the patient’s decision, to repeat the treatment adapting it to the natural aging of the body, without altering the original physionomy.

Aptos threads provide very effective and credible rejuvenation. Imperfections and skin relaxation are corrected respecting one’s features. As a result, the face looks naturally fresher and more rested. Above all, the facial expressions are never compromised.

The anchors (barbs) of the Aptos threads are positioned along the thread every 0.5 cm. Each one is responsible for the lift of the respective portion of tissue. The high number of anchors (around 20/thread) allows uniform traction, unlike in surgical or endoscopic lift, where the mobilised tissues are lifted and anchored with stitches.

Some layers of the soft tissues can only be mobilised in blocks and in specific areas of the face – for example, it is relatively easy to lift the skin at the sides of the forehead or eyebrows, at the level of the chin, the cheeks or cheekbones. Yet, the repositioning of the tissues of the back portion of the face around the cheekbones is problematic, since in that area the skin is closely connected to the periosteum.

Moreover, it is unwise to mobilise the soft tissues at the level of the movable face muscles, since it would prevent their natural movement. Finally, the relaxation (ptosis) of the soft tissues is focal – in other words, some portions of the face lose their elasticity more than others. Some areas resist better because they are supported by bundles of connective tissue, vessels and nerves. As a consequence, tissue lift – surgical or not surgical – will have to avoid these anatomical formations. The choice of thread type and insertion technique varies according to the imperfection and to the specific areas to treat. Generally, the threads act: • lifting the relaxed tissues • smoothing wrinkles • stimulating the natural skin regeneration at cellular level, thanks to the action of the polylactic acid which is contained in the threads.

“To lose confidence in one›s body is to lose confidence in oneself”.

(Simone de Beauvoir) The threads are introduced subcutaneously through a micro hole, along specific skin tension lines, by means of a very thin needle or a blunt-point cannula-needle (the round shape of the point reduces local trauma), with slight traction in order to lift up the relaxed tissues. The threads adhere to the skin thanks to the presence of special anchors (barbs). The lift-effect is the result of the introduction of the threads, which follow specific geometric directions of traction. In fact, besides manual expertise, the treatment also requires excellent knowledge of anatomy.

General indications: • eyebrow collapse • wrinkles and lip furrows • nose-lip wrinkles and furrows • chin and face low contour tissue relaxation • neck wrinkles and furrows Aptos Light Lift Thanks to their micro anchors, the caprolactone reabsorpable biostimulating Aptos Light Lift threads are gently secured to the soft tissues, forming a strong support network. The polylactic acid contained in the threads acts from inside the skin, with a regenerating and revitalising action which slows down the aging process.

• Indications: face and neck rejuvenation • Treatment: outpatient, local anaesthesia. 20-30 minutes for the whole face, 10-15 minutes for single areas.

• Result: immediately visible, it is consolidated within 2-3 weeks.

• Result duration: 2 years.

Aptos Excellence The strong caprolactone reabsorpable biocompatible and biostimulating Aptos Excellence threads have anchors positioned according to a specific angle, designed to support the soft tissues and the portions of the face even in the areas where the skin is thinner and lacks adipose tissue. Thanks to their length, these threads are particularly indicated to lift up the relaxed tissues of the face and neck, to redefine the contour and to make the skin more dense and turgid with visible results. The threads are introduced under the skin with a very thin blunt-point micro cannula.

• Indications: lift-effect on face and neck • Treatment: surgical, with local anaesthesia. 20-30 minutes for the whole face, 10-15 minutes for single areas.

• Result: immediately visible, it is consolidated within 2-3 weeks.

• Result duration: 2 years.

Aptos Nano The reabsorpable biocompatible and biostimulating Aptos Nano threads, composed of very thin biofibres and of polylactic acid, have a spiral structure specifically designed to correct the imperfections of limited but very movable areas of the face and neck: forehead wrinkles, glabellar wrinkles, low eyelid wrinkles, “crow’s feet” wrinkles, pre-auricular wrinkles, nosegeniene wrinkles, wrinkles at the side of the mouth, lip wrinkles and wrinkles above the upper lip (“bar code”), chin and neck wrinkles.

• Indications: face and neck wrinkle and crease smoothing • Treatment: outpatient. 10-15 minutes for single areas.

• Result: immediately visible, it is consolidated within 2-3 weeks • Result duration: 2 years.

Precautions after the treatment Avoid excessive muscle contractions of the face or neck, avoid massage, sauna and sport activities for 2-3 weeks, avoid sunlight and sunlamps. In the 2-3 days after the treatment swelling and little ecchymosis (bruises) may appear: they will disappear gradually and spontaneously.

Contraindications • acute infections • oncological conditions • inflammation process • coagulopathy • pregnancy • lactation.

Dr. Guido Maria Maronati Specialist in Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Medicine

L’Accademia del Fitness LATEST RESEARCH IN FITNESS, WELLNESS AND ANTIAGING MEDICINE

by Dr. Filippo Ongaro AFFWA Vice President www.filippo-ongaro.it A NEW STUDY CLAIMS THAT HAVING CANCER IS MOSTLY A MATTER OF MISFORTUNE. MIGHT THIS BE TRUE? Why it is important to read this study carefully and understand its limits.

Speaking of diseases, it is a common and ancient practice to touch, for instance, wood or to make some other less elegant gesture to ward off misfortune. Therefore, scientific studies which remind us that falling ill has do with a good dose of bad luck are quite useless.

Yet, a recent research published on the prestigious magazine Science (http://www.sciencemag.org/content/347/6217/78.abstract), even claims that 65% of tumours are the result of chance and that one’s lifestyle has little to do with cancer.

The news of this study is rapidly spreading all over the world (with more or less accurate interpretations) and risks having a devastating effect on the fragile human mind which associates

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healthy lifestyle with making sacrifices and can’t just wait to hear someone say that it is not worth while changing one’s habits. The conclusions of the researchers sound like music to the ears of the people who can’t stand hearing about prevention: let’s insist on effective therapies and timely diagnoses and let’s not waste time on prevention, they tell us.

Let us make two preliminary remarks: first of all, a correlation between two events does not necessarily imply a relation of cause and effect. And whenever a new study is published it is automatically taken in consideration as if it denied everything that was published before.

There is no chronological relation between studies. A study published today does not at all deny a study published the day before or ten years before. It is simply a matter of studies which reach different conclusions with different or similar methods. Therefore, this specific study must be analyzed in the light of many other studies, which in some cases are deeper

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L’Accademia del Fitness and more detailed, and reach completely opposite conclusions, suggesting that there is a close correlation between tumours and one’s lifestyle.

In fact, everybody - including the authors of the above-mentioned study - agrees that tumours are caused by a combination of misfortune, hereditary and environmental factors. And starting from the good idea of better understanding the incidence that every single factor has on the genesis of tumours, the authors of the study evaluated the number of cellular divisions occurring in various tissues and compared them with the risk run by the American population of developing tumours.

Through a complex statistical elaboration, they reached the conclusion that 65% of the tumours analyzed can simply be explained with the fortuitous accumulation of mutations due to the number of cellular divisions. In simple words, a mixture of misfortune and passing of time which, as we know, increases the risk of tumours.

According to their calculations, 2/3 of tumours are due to chance, while 1/3 would more closely be linked to one’s lifestyle. Yet the study has many limits, but they were rarely quoted by the journalists who wrote about it: for instance, mammary tumours in women and prostate tumours in men were excluded from the calculations, despite being among the most frequent forms. Data confirm that lung tumour is 18 times more frequent in smokers compared with non smokers, and that melanoma is associated with excessive solar exposure. Therefore, tumours which have traditionally been linked to one’s lifestyle were either not taken into consideration or they were confirmed to depend largely upon our habits.

It would then be necessary to give a correct definition of what we mean by misfortune. For instance, does stress - which is considered by some a cancer risk-factor - have to do with bad luck or one’s lifestyle? And was one’s diet - which has an incidence on genetic stability and therefore on mutation accumulation - considered? And was mortality - which in some tumours such as in the lungs is higher than in other ones perhaps not connected to one’s lifestyle - considered? And what about the role of the immune system which contrasts accumulated mutations and blocks the development of neoplastic cells? How is it considered? And don’t environmental factors perhaps contribute to the accumulation of errors in the above mentioned cellular divisions?

And then, why not use prevention and also timely diagnoses and therapies to fight against the great power of the enemy?

What do we risk in encouraging healthier lifestyles? And what about those nine tumours out of the twenty two analyzed that according to the authors have instead a close link with one’s lifestyle? And isn’t it perhaps true that if we add unhealthy habits to misfortune our risks increase? And shouldn’t we consider that through healthy lifestyle we also prevent other diseases?

And what about the impact of health costs? Isn’t it far more expensive to rely on timely diagnoses and therapies (which generally cost a lot) rather than promote a healthy lifestyle (which

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in general is economic)?

In short, the questions which remain unanswered are more than the answers generated by this study. And for this reason the suggestions to rely more on timely diagnoses and on therapies rather than on prevention appear very dangerous.

Beyond the many unanswered questions and technical evaluations, the worst thing about a hasty interpretation of this study is the latent old invitation to passivity: forget about making useless efforts, some more diagnostic tests and therapies will save you.

Before reaching such extreme and potentially dangerous conclusions, it would be better if scientists reached an agreement.

One of the most prestigious research centres on cancer therapies, the Andersen Cancer Center of the University of Texas, says: “only 5–10% of tumours can be attributed to genetic faults, while the remaining 90–95% has its roots in environmental conditions and lifestyles. Cigarette smoking, one’s diet, alcohol consumption, solar exposure, pollution, infections, stress, obesity and sedentary life are included. Scientific evidence shows that nearly 25-30% of deaths due to tumours is caused by smoking, 30–35% by one’s diet, 15–20% by infections and the remaining percentage by radiations, stress, sedentary life and exposure to chemical substances. Cancer is a disease which can be prevented by changing one’s lifestyle”.

Whom should we believe?

Moreover, interpreting the results of this study as an invitation to rely only on timely diagnoses and therapies rather than on prevention could induce us to some suspicion: by prevention don’t we reduce the number of people obliged to resort to timely diagnoses and expensive therapies?

As usual, we had better read the study carefully and understand its limits, too, because sensational titles and hasty conclusions can have a negative incidence on individual choices and end up giving rise to the suspicion that someone’s misfortune actually coincides with somebody else’s fortune.

Dr. Filippo Ongaro Surgeon Health Director Institute of Regenerative and Anti-Aging Medicine s.r.l. (Ismerian) Vice-President of AMIA (Italian Association of Anti-Aging Medical Doctors) Vice-President of AFFWA Functional Fitness-Wellness-Antiaging Academy