Specific Conditioning for Basketball

Specific Conditioning for Basketball

Adriano Vretaros Strength and Conditioning Coach

2019 São Paulo – BRAZIL avretaros@gmail.com

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Characteristics - I

●

Team Sport ●

● ● ●

Acyclic

Contact Sport

Intermittent Nature Open Motor Activity

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Characteristics - II ● ●

4 periods of 10 minutes each ●

●

Game – NBA:

4 periods of 12 minutes each ●

●

Game - FIBA:

TOTAL Real Time:

~ 68-70 minutes (McInnes et al, 1995) ●

~ 63 minutes (Cometti, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Characteristics - III ● ● ●

MATCH:

5 players vs. 5 players

Positions: 1)- Point Guard 2)- Shooting Guard 3)- Small Forward 4)- Power Forward 5)- Center

01 02 05 04

03

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Characteristics - IV Body Size

General Positions

Position Number

Smalls

Guards

01

Point Guard

Ball control, Coordinating the offence

02

Off Guard \ Shooting Guard

Distance shooting

03

Small Forward

Mixture of distance and close-range shooting,

04

Power Forward

Aggressive play close in to the basket

Smalls Smalls

Forwards

Bigs Bigs

Center

05

â—?

Specific MPositions

Center

Main Responsibility

Close-range shooting on offence; coordinating the team’s defence

(Adapted from Drinkwater et al, 2008)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Characteristics - V â—?

MOVEMENTS: 1) Running;

2) Jogging; 3) Walking; 4) Standing; 5) Lateral Displacements; 6) Turning; 7) Sprinting; 8) Jumping; 9) Landing

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Characteristics - VI â—?

SPECIFIC SKILLS: 1) Passing;

2) Dribling; 3) Shooting; 4) Rebouding; 5) Assistance; 6) Blocking; 7) Marking; 8) Cutting; 9) Pivoting

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Characteristics - VII

â—?

DISPLACEMENTS: 1)- Cyclic

2)- Acyclic (Changes of direction) 3)- With Ball 4)- Without Ball

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Playing Field - I

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Playing Field - II ●

DIMENSIONS:

1)- NBA: 28,7 x 15,2 m 2)- FIBA: 28,0 x 15,0 m ●

Court AREA – NBA= 436,24m² ●

Court AREA – FIBA= 420m²

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Bioenergetic Systems ATP-PC: 20% Anaerobic Lactic: 20% Aerobic: 60% Kraemer et al, 2015

ATP-PC: 85% Anaerobic Lactic: 15% Aerobic: 00% Mathews & Fox, 1986

ATP-PC: 80% Anaerobic Lactic: 10% Aerobic: 10% Bompa & Haff, 2012

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Physiological Demand - I Effort-pause: 1:3,6

(Ben Abdelkrim et al, 2010)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Physiological Demand - II Effort-pause: 1:3,6

High Intensity 11,5% Low Intensity 14,1%

Recovery 63,3%

Moderate Intensity 11,0%

(Adapted from Ben Abdelkrim et al, 2010)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Travelled Distance - I â—?

Adult S Males ~ 6,0 - 6,3 Km

Junior Males ~ 7,5 Km

Elite Females ~ 5,5 – 7,0 Km

Junior Females ~ 5,5 Km

(Adapted from Taylor et al, 2017)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Travelled Distance - II ●

S

Sprints per Match: 18 - 105 SPRINTING: - Elite Males: 70 – 94 m - Sub-Elite Males: 952–1329 m - Junior Males: 763 m - Elite Females: 925 m (Adapted from Taylor et al, 2017)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Travelled Distance - III ●

S

SPRINTING: Total Game Time: 2 – 6% Totaling: 0 – 136 s Duration: 0,5 – 2,4 s 3,9 – 9,5 m (Adapted from Taylor et al, 2017)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Anthropometric Profile - I â—?

IMPORTANCE:

1)- Tactical Position 2)- Individual Players 3)- Competition Level 4)- Sex 5)- Game Style 6)- Skills Performance 7)- And other

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Anthropometric Profile - II ●

FEMALE Basketball Players

Point Guard

Height: ~166,0 – 178,0 cm

Body Mass: ~65,0 – 73,0 Kg

Shooting Guard

Height: ~166,0 – 178,0 cm

Body Mass: ~65,0 – 77,0 Kg

Small Forward

Height: ~174,0 – 182,0 cm

Body Mass: ~70,0 – 79,0 Kg

Power Forward

Height: ~177,0 – 181,0 cm

Body Mass: ~72,0 – 81,0 Kg

Center

Height: ~180,0 – 190,0cm

Body Mass: ~75,0 – 84,0 Kg

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Anthropometric Profile - III ●

Point Guard Shooting Guard Small Forward Power Forward Center

MALE Basketball Players Height: ~180,0 – 188,0 cm Height: ~185,0 – 192,0 cm Height: ~194,0 – 200,0 cm Height: ~188,0 – 198,0 cm

Height: ~200,0 – 210,0 cm

Body Mass: ~70,0 – 86,0 Kg Body Mass: ~80,0 – 91,0 Kg Body Mass: ~84,0 – 105,0 Kg Body Mass: ~82,0 – 100,0 kg Body Mass: ~97,0 – 110,0 Kg

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Anthropometric Profile - IV ●

U-15 MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE

Component

GUARD

FORWARD

CENTER

Endomorph

4.4 ± 1.4

4.8 ± 1.8

4.3 ± 1.1

Mesomorph

5.3 ± 1.1

4.7 ± 1.5

3.7 ± 1.7

Ectomorph

2.4 ± 1.0

2.5 ± 1.5

3.4 ± 0.9

(Adapted from Nikolaidis et al, 2014)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Anthropometric Profile – V ●

U-18 MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE

Component

GUARD

FORWARD

CENTER

Endomorph

3.8 ± 1.4

3.1 ± 1.4

4.2 ± 1.7

Mesomorph

4.1 ± 0.9

3.9 ± 1.5

4.4 ± 1.6

Ectomorph

3.3 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 1.6

2.8 ± 1.6

(Adapted from Nikolaidis et al, 2014)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Anthropometric Profile - VI ●

ELITE MALE Basketball Players – SOMATOTYPE

Component

GUARD

FORWARD

CENTER

Endomorph

4.4 ± 1.6

3.1 ± 0.8

3.8 ± 0.8

Mesomorph

4.5 ± 1.4

4.0 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 1.2

Ectomorph

2.4 ± 1.1

3.0 ± 0.6

3.3 ± 1.2

(Adapted from Nikolaidis et al, 2014)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Movement Frequency - I

Guards

Centers

Forwards

1103+\-32

1026+\-27

1022+\-45

(Adapted from Abdelkrim et al, 2007)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Movement Frequency - II Number of JUMPS Guards

Centers

Forwards

41,0+\-7,0

49,0+\-3,0

41,0+\-6,0

(Adapted from Abdelkrim et al, 2007)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fitness Assessment - I ●

●

●

Anthropometry: Weight, Height, Wingspan, Body Fat, etc Metabolic Variables: VO2max, RAST, etc Neuromuscular Variables: 1RM SQ, 1RM BP, SJ, CMJ, DJ, UTJ, SLJ, MBT, Isokinetic Testing, etc

●

Speed: 5, 10, 15 and 20m,

●

Agility: Pro-agility, T-test,

●

Flexibility: Goniometric Assessment, etc

●

Movement: FMS, SEBT, YBT, Postural Evaluation, etc (Oliveira, 2014 ; Read et al, 2014 ; Liebenson, 2017)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fitness Assessment - II

●

●

●

Dental Evaluation

Medical Injury Evaluation ●

●

Biochemical Tests

Nutrition Evaluation

Medical Cardiac Evaluation ●

And Other

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fitness Assessment - III ●

●

●

Validity Objectivity

Reproductibility

A)- Periodicity B)- Structural Resources C)- Forms of Analysis D)- Staff Resources

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Physical Conditioning GENERAL Physical Preparation

SPECIFIC Physical Preparation

Individualized by Tactical Function

Team Style of Play

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Athletic Condition Technical Domain

Collective

Tactical Domain

Physical Domain

Athletic Condition in Basketball

Individual

Psychological Domain

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Types of Training Technical Tactical

Physical Technical-tactical

Technical-physical Technical-tactical-physical

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Biomotor Capabilities CONDITIONING

COORDINATION

ENDURANCE - ATP-PC - Anaerobic Lactic - Aerobic

TRANSFER TO:

STRENGTH - Anatomical Adaptation - Hypertrophy - Maximal Strength - Power Endurance - Maximal Power SPEED - Reaction - Movement - Displacement

COORDINATIVE

FLEXIBILITY - Mobility - Elasticity AGILITY - Simple - Spatial - Temporal - Universal

- Eye-hand - Eye-foot - Laterality - Anticipatory Timing - Precision

SPECIFIC SKILLS - Ball Control - Passing - Dribbling - Shooting - Rebouding - Jumping - and Others

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Endurance - I ANAEROBIC System

ATP-PC (short sprints, jumps, shooting, etc) LACTIC (long sprints, average displacements, etc)

AEROBIC System

Recovery (walking, standing, etc)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Endurance - II Metabolic Via

● A Time Stimulation

Effort-pause

ATP-PC

~3-25 seconds

~1:3 – 1:2

Glycolytic

~30 seconds – 3 minutes

~1:2 – 1:1

Aerobic

> 3 minutes

~1:1\2 – 1:1

(Adapted from Forteza, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Endurance - III ●

Target Zone for Endurance Training HR Training Zones

Systems

90 – 100% Max HR

Anaerobic Power

80 – 90% Max HR

Anaerobic Endurance

60 – 80% Max HR

Aerobic Endurance

50 – 60% Max HR

Aerobic Base

(Adapted from FIBA, 2015)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Endurance - IV Reduced Games â—?

S

HR MĂĄx (%)

Lactate (mmol.l-1)

2x2

92+\-5,6

7,8+\-1,2

3x3

88+\-8,4

6,2+\-2,3

5x5

84+\-9,2

4,2+\-1,8

(Castagna et al, 2011)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Endurance - V ●

Offensive-played Balls – 3v3 and 5v5 Heart Rate 3v3

Heart Rate 5v5

166.82 +\-10.64

165.0 +\-9.60

VI% 3v3

VI% 5v5

69.89 67.89 +\-16.01 +\-20.20

OPB 3v3

OPB 5v5

26.08 +\-6.36

14.42 +\-5.58

(McCornick et al, 2012)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Endurance - VI â—?

(Adapted from Marcelino, 2014)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Endurance - VII â—?

YoYo IR 1 Test - Brazilian Women's Basketball Team POST

PRE D i s t a n c e (m) Fatigue Index (%)

Fatigue Index (%)

(Adapted from Haddad, 2017)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - I ●

Anatomical Adaptation ● ●

Hypertrophy

Maximal Strength ●

●

Power

Power Endurance

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - II

ABSOLUTE Strength

RELATIVE Strength

Moving a External Force (Opponent and\or Ball)

Carrying Bodyweight Acceleration Deceleration Jump Landing

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - III Localized Muscular Endurance

ANATOMICAL ADAPTATION

Primary Work BASKETBALL Adapt tendons, tissues and muscles

Hypertrophy

Primary Work Lean Mass Gain Fast Fibers

Slow Fibers Endurance Modalities

Power-Strength Modalities

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - IV Hypertrophy

- Prolonged exposure to METABOLITES; - Amount of TIME UNDER tension; - FATIGUE; - HORMONAL Aspects; - NUTRITION; - REST; - And other (Adapted from Drinkwater et al, 2005 ; Gentil, 2014)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - V MAXIMUM STRENGTH

- Intramuscular Coordination - Intermuscular Coordination - Power (Maximum Maximorum Force)

(Zatsiorsky & Kraemer, 2008 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - VI ●

Maximum Strength – U19 – Season: 49 weeks

TESTS

01 Week 00

02 Week 08 After 07 games

03 Week 25 After 15 games

04 Week 39 After 29 games

05 Week 49 After 39 games

1 RM Bench Press (Kg) 1 RM Leg Press (Kg)

81,6 +\-2,1

81,6 +\-15,2

82,7 +\-11,5

85,0 +\-11,5

82,8 +\-7,5

234,0 +\-34,7

237,0 +\-35,0

234,0 +\-24,7

240,3 +\-24,3

248,4 +\-22,9

(Lopes et al, 2012)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - VII â—?

Hormonal Responses – n=16 Male Players (U15 - U16)

Testosterone (pg\mL)

T-01 (PRE Training)

T-02 (POST Intensification)

T-03 (POST Tapering)

410,0 +\-147,4

392,0 +\-144,7

390,7 +\-125,5

(Adapted from Miloski, 2015)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - VIII ●

Bilateral Differences in Muscle Architecture – NBA - Part 01

VARIABLES

RIGHT LEG

LEFT LEG

Difference %

Leg Length (cm)

53,3+\-3,1

53,8+\-3,1

1,21+\-1,21

Average (W)

833+\-136

995+\-109

19,5+\-12,9

Peak (W)

1801+\-256

1930+\-134

11,1+\-11,1

Vertical Jump POWER

(Adapted from Mangine et al, 2014)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Strength - IX ●

Bilateral Differences in Muscle Architecture – NBA - Part 02

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Muscle Thickness (cm)

Muscle Thickness (cm)

VERSUS

Pennation Angle (°)

Pennation Angle (°)

Fascicle Lenght (cm)

Fascicle Lenght (cm)

Cross Sectional Area (cm²)

Cross Sectional Area (cm²)

Echo Intensity (au)

Echo Intensity (au)

(Adapted from Mangine et al, 2014)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Power - I ●

Manifestations in SKILLS: ●

●

Layups; ●

●

Reverse Layups;

Dunks; ●

●

Jumps;

Etc

Rebounds;

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Power - II n=08 Male Professional Players Regression Coefficient: HJ= 6,734 UTJ= -0,254

M E T E R S Horizontal Jump

Unilateral Triple Jump

(Adapted from Moreira et al, 2003)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Power - III ●

YOUTH Male Basketball Players – Plyometric Training

CONTROL

Drill NonRandomization

Drill Randomization

(Adapted from Hernández et al, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Power - IV ●

Electromyostimulation Training (3 times per week)

VARIABLES

PERIOD

Experimental

Control

SJ (cm)

Before

44,8 ± 1,0

44,1 ± 1,8

Week 04

51,0 ± 1,3**

46,1 ± 1,8

Week 08

53,0 ± 2,0**

44,9 ± 0,9

Before

53,0 ± 1,3

51,0 ± 1,3

Week 04

52,8 ± 1,1

52,5 ± 1,6

Week 08

62,2 ± 1,2**

51,9 ± 1,1

CMJ (cm)

** p<0,01

(Adapted from Maffiuletti et al, 2000)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Power Endurance - I â&#x2014;?

Basketball + Handball Players

VARIABLES

n

MEAN (sd)

R

P

CMJ (cm)

18

39,66+\-3,60

0,991

0,0080

VJ 60 sec

18

56,33+\-3,83

0,978

0,0139

VJ 15 sec

18

14,11+\-0,67

0,936

0,0062

VJ 15 sec (cm) VJ 60 sec (cm)

18

34,16+\-3,45

0,993

0,0467

18

25,78+\-2,36

0,988

0,0014

(Adapted from Hespanhol et al, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Power Endurance - II â&#x2014;?

Frontal Plane vs Saggital Plane Plyometrics

Variables

Group

PRE

POST

% Change

CMJ

FP

48.26+\-5.39

50.07+\-5.33

3.8

SP

47.72+\-7.07

52.61+\-9.36

10.3

FP

176.89+\-18.47

187.05+\-14.19

6.0

SP

177.89+\-30.07

191.95+\-29.06

7.9

FP

141.06+\-7.47

154.94+\-13.03

9.8

SP

135.89+\-22.36

143.87+\-25.34

5.9

FP

137.16+\-12.97

153.49+\-6.02

11.9

SP

140.06+\-25.81

142.60+\-32.33

1.8

SLJ

Right LH

Left LH

(Adapted from McCormick et al, 2016)

P

<.0001*

<.0001*

<.0001*

.006*

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed - I

●

Reaction (visual, auditory and kinesthetic) ●

Movement (isolated actions) ●

Displacement (spatial)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed - II REACTION - React an opponent's dribble - React to a pass - Etc MOVEMENT - Shooting - Pass - Jump -Etc DISPLACEMENT - Sprints - Marking - Etc

SPEED ENDURANCE

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed - III Factors Affecting Speed - CNS

- MUSCLES

- PHYSICAL

- Efferent and Afferent Responses

- Strength - Power - Types of Fibers - Viscosity of Fibers - Intra and Intermuscular Coordination - Relaxation - Body Levers - Technical

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed - IV SPEED in Basketball

Interaction

NEURAL System

- Technique - Coordination - Maximum Strength - Power - Muscular Elasticity

MUSCULAR System

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed - V Basketball Speed Training

Repeated Sprints

Reduced Games

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed - VI

- 5m - 10m - 15m - 20m - 25m - 30m (?)

Speed

Acceleration

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed - VII ●

Brazilian Women's Basketball Team (27 days of Training) VARIABLES

PRE

POST

∆%

p

Effect Size

Speed 20m

Best Time (s)

3,34 ± 0,22

3,39 ± 0,21

1,49

0,01**

0,23

Speed 20m

Maximum Power (W)

147,8 ± 13,9

139,4 ± 14,3

-5,68

<0,01**

-0,59

** p<0,05

(Adapted from Haddad, 2017)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed - VIII â&#x2014;?

n=08 Male Professional Players Speed 30m and T- 40m â&#x20AC;&#x201C; n=08 Professional Male Players

Pearson's Correlation: - S30m= 0,95* -T-40m= 0,95* p<0,05

S E C O N D S Speed 30m

T-40m

(Adapted from Moreira et al, 2003)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Speed Endurance ●

●

Speed Endurance Court Test (COD 140m):

“LOADS with changes in motor patterns that have SPECIFIC CHARACTER”

(Adapted from Moreira, 2002)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Agility - I ●

●

SIMPLE (spatial and temporal certainty and preplanned movement); SPATIAL (spatial uncertainty and preplanned movement); ●

●

TEMPORAL (temporal uncertainty and preplanned movement); UNIVERSAL (total unpredictability and improvised movement)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Agility - II Multi-directional Nature

Advanced Cognitive Strategies

Physiological Capacities Biomechanical Abilities

(Adapted from Wheeler, 2009)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Agility - III T-Test

(Adapted from Hernรกndez et al, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Agility - IV T-Test (s) – Plyometric Training (2 times per week – 07 weeks) PT= Unilateral, Bilateral, Horizontal, Vertical, Lateral, Diagonal, Turning, Backward, Cyclic, and Acyclic Jumps

Non-R R Control Plyometric Plyometric

Group F(2,6)

ANOVA Outcomes

GxT

PRE

12,3 +\- 1,1

12,1 +\-1,1

12,2 +\-0,9

F=0,7

F= 134,8

F=8,2

POST

11,0 +\-1,1 *

10,3 +\-0,7 *

11,5 +\-1,1

P=.5 (0,08)

P<.001 (0,89)

P=.004 (0,51)

(Adapted from Hernández et al, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Flexibility - I ELASTIC Components

ELASTICITY

FLEXIBILITY

MOBILITY

PLASTIC Components (Dantas, 1999 ; Achour Junior, 2004 ; Boyle, 2015)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Coordination Eye-hand

Different Skills

Laterality

Orientation Spatiotemporal

Basketball Coordination

Anticipatory Timing

Multisegments

Different Situations

Precision

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - I MANAGING Injuries CORRECTIVE Platform

PREDICTIVE Platform

PREVENTIVE Platform

(Vretaros, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - II â&#x2014;?

CORRECTIVE Platform: - Cycle Injury-correction; - Urgent decision-making;

- Programmed decision-making

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - III â&#x2014;?

PREVENTIVE Platform: - Plan of Action; - Continuous Monitoring; - Improvement Recurring

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - IV â&#x2014;?

- Heuristic

- Black Swan Logic

- Logarithmic Engineering

PREDICTIVE Platform: - Simple Calculations - Quick Interpretation - Simple Inferences - Different Thought - Avoiding Errors Magnitude Unexpected - Non-Linear Interpretations

- Complex Calculations - Artificial Intelligence (Adapted from Vretaros, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - V EPIDEMIOLOGY

Incidence

Acute Contact Extrinsic Factors

Prevalence

Chronic Non Contact Intrinsic Factors

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - VI 1)- Establish DEGREE of Injury

2)- Check the MECHANISM that Caused the Injury

3)- Preventive Measures

4)- Rehabilitation Protocols

5)- Was the Program EFFECTIVE? (Adapted from Paschoal et al, 2013)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - VII Occurrence

Occurrence Phase

Training or Matches

Pre-Season or Season

Degree of Injury

Determined by the DAMAGES of the STRUCTURES

(Adapted from Gantus & Assumpção, 2002)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - VIII Injuries Season 2002: Brazilian National Basketball Team LOCATION

n

Traumatic Atraumatic

(%)

Lower Limbs

49

21

28

48,0

Medical Clinic

22

--

22

21,6

Chest \ Abdomen Upper Limbs

14

01

13

13,7

14

11

03

13,7

Head

03

03

--

3,0

TOTAL

102

36

66

100,0

(Adapted from Moreira, Gentil &Oliveira, 2003)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - IX Injuries Season 2002: Brazilian National Basketball Team Guard Forward Center

(Adapted from Moreira, Gentil &Oliveira, 2003)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - X â&#x2014;?

Global Postural Re-education 01: - Movements in Basketball: a)- Imbalance Situations

b)- Rotations and Dissociations (scapular and pelvic girdles) c)- One or Both Upper Limbs d)- One-leg or Bipodal Support (Adapted from Borges, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XI â&#x2014;?

Global Postural Re-education 02:

Angle of Hip Joint

(Adapted from Borges, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XII â&#x2014;?

F L E X I B I L I T Y (c m )

Global Postural Re-education 03: Hip Joint

CG - PRE

CG - POST

EG - PRE

(Adapted from Borges, 2006)

EG - POST

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XIII â&#x2014;?

Global Postural Re-education 04: ANGLE of Hip Joint (degrees)

CG - PRE

CG - POST

* (p=0,02 ; n=07)

EG - PRE

(Adapted from Borges, 2006)

EG - POST

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XIV â&#x2014;?

INJURIES: NBA vs. WNBA

NBA

WNBA

702 Athletes

443 Athletes

70420 Total Game Exposures

22980 Total Game Exposures

19,3 per 1000 ae

24,9 per 1000 ae

11,6 per 1000 ae Lower Extremity Injuries

14,6 per 1000 ae Lower Extremity Injuries

(Adapted from Deith et al, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XV â&#x2014;?

INJURIES: NBA vs. WNBA

(Adapted from Deith et al, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XVI â&#x2014;?

FIFA 11+ Protocol in Elite Basketball Players

** p Value: Statistically Significant

(Adapted from Longo et al, 2012)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XVII Triceps Surae Injury: â&#x2014;?Accelerated Return to Play n=01 Elite Male Basketball Player Age: 25 years-old *** LEFT CALF *** INJURY MECHANISM: 1)- Jump and turn at 180 degrees; 2)- At landing, his momentum was altered by the opponent; 3)- Ankle forced eccentrically, in dorsiflexion with flexed knee (Adapted from Anloague & Strack, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XVIII Triceps Surae Injury: Accelerated Return to Play VARIABLES

Initial

P-01 (day 13)

P-02 (day 47)

Re-Ass (day 8)

P-03 (day 89)

RTP (day 10)

DIFF

NPRS (0-10)

06

03

0-3

0-3

0-2

0-2

04

Left calf girth, cm (10 cm distal to the superior aspect of tibial tuberosity)

46

45.5

45,0

44,0

44,0

44,0

02

Left calf girth, cm (15 cm distal to the superior aspect of tibial tuberosity)

45,5

45,5

45,25

45,0

45,0

45,0

0,5

AROM: Ankle Dorsiflexion (deg)

-4

-2

02

06

08

10,0

14

MMT: Ankle Plantar Flexion

3+

4-

04

04

04

4,4+

--

MMT: Knee Flexion

4-

04

04

4+

4+

4+\5

--

(Adapted from Anloague & Strack, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Injury Prevention - XIX Triceps Surae Injury: Accelerated Return to Play Y BALANCE TEST

Left (PRE)

Left (POST)

Right (PRE)

Right (POST)

DIFF (PRE)

DIFF (POST)

Anterior Stance

66,5

70,0

74,0

75,0

-7,5

-5,0

Posteromedial Stance

116,5

121,0

122,0

122,0

-5,5

-1,0

Posterolateral Stance

118,0

116,0

119,0

117,0

-1,0

-1,0

Composite

84,31

88,06

88,24

90,07

-3,93

-2,01

(Adapted from Anloague & Strack, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fatigue - I PERIFERIC: Neuromuscular

PERIFERIC: Cardiovascular

Fatigue in Basketball Basketbal

PERIFERIC: Metabolic

CENTRAL: CNS

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fatigue - II VISIBLE Fatigue

HIDDEN Fatigue

RISK OF Overreaching Non-functional

RISK OF Overtraining

(Adapted from Platonov, 2008)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fatigue - III Physiological

Biochemists

SYMPTOMS

Psychological

Immunological

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fatigue - IV Expert (n=10) versus Novice (n=10) AAHPERD Basketball Passing Test

A

C B

START

E D

TESTER

(Adapted from Lyons et al, 2006)

F

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fatigue - V VARIABLES

Minimum Maximum

MEAN

SEM

Score (REST) EXPERT Players

40,00

58,00

48,90

2,11

Score (REST) NOVICE Players

40,00

59,00

50,60

1,75

Score (70%) EXPERT Players

38,00

56,00

48,30

1,86

Score (70%) NOVICE Players

36,00

58,00

46,20

1,87

Score (90%) EXPERT Players

34,00

54,00

43,60

2.12

Score (90%) NOVICE Players

31,00

48,00

39,70

1,38

(Adapted Lyons et al, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Fatigue - VI VARIABLES

Minimum Maximum

MEAN

SEM

Change from rest (Δ) to 70% EXPERT Players

-4.00

6.00

0.60

1.00

Change from rest (Δ) to 70% NOVICE Player

1.00

10.00

4.40

0.87

Change from rest (Δ) to 90% EXPERT Players

1.00

14.00

5.30

1.24

Change from rest (Δ) to 90% NOVICE Players

4.00

17.00

10.90

1.22

(Adapted from Lyons et al, 2006)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Detraining - I Body Composition

Maximum Strength

DETRAINING in Basketball

Agility

VO2max

1)- ???

2)- ???

3)- ???

Speed

Power

(Alvero et al, 2017 ; Fathi et al, 2018 ; Stergios et al, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Detraining - II ●

n=14 Professional Players – 15 - 20 days in Detraining

Functions

Body Fat (%)

VO2max (ml\kg\min)

HR max (bpm)

Speed (km\h)

PF + C

10,28+\-1,62

51,54+\-4,14

198,86+\-6,22

14,00+\-0,53

Δ%

31,91

10,42

-5,08

7,14

SG

13,56+\-3,61 **

56,91+\-3,98

188,75+\-8,64

15,00+\-0,71

Δ%

-46,31

5,24

2,52

0

PG

7,28+\-0,57

59,89+\-0,55

193,50+\-1,50

15,00+\-1,00

Δ%

-29,18

0,55

-2,70

7,14

**p<0,05

(Adapted from Oliveira & Navarro, 2007)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Nutrition - I â&#x2014;?

n=13 Youth Female Player - Food Consumption

Variables

Mean

DRI Adequacy (%)

Protein (gram\day) Carbohydrates (gram\day) Lipids (gram\day) Kcal\day

50,97

138,42

190,54

--

57,88

--

1398,63

63,19

(Adapted from Rosaneli & Donin, 2007)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Nutrition - II ●

n=47 Referees - Brazilian Basketball League Food Consumption

SEX

CHO (g\day)

% TCV

Protein (g\day)

% TCV

Lipids (g\day)

% TCV

Female (n=09)

231,4 ±73,3

45,58 ±9,4

85,2 ±37,0

16,48 ±3,9

84,3 ±33,3

37,74 ±10,5

Male (n=38)

285,84 ±118,7

39,39 +10,4

173,0 ±89,4

23,29 ±8,3

122,7 ±55,2

37,27 ±8,1

(Adapted from Bosko et al, 2009)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Nutrition - III â&#x2014;?

N u m b e r O f A t h l e t e s

n=30 Male Players - Portuguese First Division

Number of Daily Meals (Adapted from Bahut, 2008)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Nutrition - IV n=323 male â&#x2014;?and n=female athletes

Significance: ** p<0,05 **

(Adapted from Fields et al, 2018)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Nutrition - V Dehydration and Gravity of Urine

n=12 Youth Players (15,2+\-0,9 years)

(Adapted from Marcelino et al, 2013)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Nutrition - VI Sweat Rate â&#x2014;?

U

M L \ m i n

Athletes (Adapted from Marcelino et al, 2013)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Biomechanics of Jump Shoot - I ●

n=10 Male Professional

●

10-20 jump shots

●

Shoulder, elbow and wrist

Axes

Segments

Angles

(Adapted from Okazaki et al, 2007)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Biomechanics of Jump Shoot - II â&#x2014;?

S

Preparation

Ball Elevation

Stability

Ball Throwing

(Adapted from Okazaki et al, 2007)

Inertia

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Biomechanics of Jump Shoot - III ●

Ball TRAJECTORY

S

60°

90°

32° 43'

45,7 cm

39,6 cm

24,7 cm

20°

15,6 cm

(Adapted from Miler & Barlett, 1993 ; Okazaki et al, 2007)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Practice Models in the Jump Shoot Performance - I FACTORS:

â&#x2014;?

Q 1)- Angle of Incidence of the Ball in the Basket; 2)- Vertical and Horizontal Velocity of the Ball; 3)- The Angle and Velocity of Throwing the Ball; 4)- The Height of the Throwing; 5)- The Stature of the Player; 6)- The Height of the Jump; 7)- The Player Experience; 8)- The Throwing Distance; 9)- The Previous Displacements; 10)- The Marking of the Opponent; 11)- The Air Resistance; 12)- The Fatigue (Adapted from Silva et al, 2012)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Practice Models in the Jump Shoot Performance - II

â&#x2014;?

n=20 Male Basketball Players (14 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 18 years-old)

- MASSIVE Practice

- DISTRIBUTED Practice

- 10-throw test - 15 minutes alternating the mass training of throw and rest of 01 minute every 15 minutes - Re-test of 10 shots - Same process - One-minute break after 10 minutes of training - Re-test of 10 shots

(Adapted from Silva et al, 2012)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Practice Models in the Jump Shoot Performance - III

â&#x2014;?

Q

*(p<0,05)

TEST

RE-Test

Massive Practice

TEST

RE-Test

Distributed Practice

(Adapted from Silva et al, 2012)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Periodization - I Off-Season Should we periodize or not?

Pre-Season Periodization integrated into the season or isolated periodization?

Season What model of periodization?

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Periodization - II MACROcycle (Season, Year, Half Year, 5,4,3 months)

MESOcycle (Month or ?)

MICROcycle (5-10 days)

Training UNIT (Session)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Periodization - III Incorporation Control

Recuperative

Competitive

Types of MICROcycle

Ordinary

Shock

Precompetitive

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Periodization - IV

Linear

Pendulous

ATR

MODELS

Reverse

Tactic

Blocks

Selective Loads Structural Bells

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Periodization - V PHASES Off-Season 01 Off-Season 02

â&#x2014;?

S

FOCUS Learning Movement PreHab Exercises

Off-Season 03 Pre-Season 01

Sport Specific Conditioning Specific Skills and Drills

Pre-Season 02 In Season 01

Training Camp Training to Win

In Season 02 Post Season

Tournament Time Rest and Recovery

TOTAL

Complete Functional Conditioning (Adapted from Sigmon, 2003)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Periodization - VI â&#x2014;?

Selective Loads versus Blocks

(Adapted from Oliveira, 2014)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Periodization - VII ●

Brazilian Women's Basketball Team – 27 days of training for the Pan American Games Toronto - 2015 MICROcycle - 01

Days

MICROcycle - 02

MICROcycle - 03

Days

(Adapted from Haddad, 2017)

Days

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Periodization - VIII ●

Brazilian Women's Basketball Team – 27 days of training for the Pan American Games Toronto - 2015 TOTAL Week (AU) 6.004

Average Week (AU) 1.001 +\-226,8

Monotony Index

Strain Index

4,41

26.488

MICROcycle 02

6.564

1.094 +\-382,2

2,86

18.786

MICROcycle 03

5.314

1.063 +\-351,8

3,02

16.053

MICROcycle 01

(Adapted from Haddad, 2017)

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Recovery & Regeneration - I ACTIVE Resources

Recovery & Regeneration

PASSIVE Resources

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Recovery & Regeneration - II Nutrition

Cryotherapy

Compression Garment

Sleep

Slowdown Active

Thermotherapy

Hyperoxia Therapy

Acupuncture

Magnetotherapy

Electrostimulation

Cupping Therapy

And More

Specific Conditioning for Basketball Recovery & Regeneration - III ●

n=29 Male Players – 03 day Tournament Competition Line-drill Performance -0,4% (s=1,8)

CHO + Stretching 7,7g.Kg-1.day-1

20m Sprint -0,7% Cold Water Immersion

Line-drill Performance -1,4%, (s=1,7) 20m Sprint -0,5% (s=1,4) Line-drill Performance -1,5% (s=1,7)

11°C (5x1-min intervals) Full Leg Compression Garments 18 mmHg (~18h)

(Adapted from Montgomery et al, 2008)

20m Sprint -3,2 % (s=1,6)