Conditioning for American Football
Adriano Vretaros Strength and Conditioning Coach São Paulo – BRAZIL avretaros@gmail.com
Conditioning for American Football
Characteristics - I
â—?
Team Sport: a) Invasion Game b) Evasion Game
Conditioning for American Football
Characteristics - II
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Contact Sport
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Collision Sport
Conditioning for American Football
Characteristics - III
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Intermittent
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High Intensity Demands
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Short Duration of Games Activity
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High Force Collisions
Conditioning for American Football
Positions Tactics - I
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Defense
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Attack
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Specialists Functions
Conditioning for American Football
Positions Tactics - II â—?
DEFENSE: a) Defensive End (DE) b) Defensive Tackle (DT) c) Linebackers (LB) d) Cornerback (CB) e) Strong Safety (SS) f) Free Safety (FS)
Conditioning for American Football
Positions Tactics - III ●
ATTACK: a) Quarterback (QB) b) Running Back (RB) c) Fullback (FB) d) Center (C) e) Offensive Guard (OG – RG and LG) f) Offensive Tackle (OT – RT and LT) g) Wide Receivers h) Tight End (TE)
Conditioning for American Football
Positions Tactics - IV â—?
SPECIALISTS FUNCTIONS: a) Kicker (K) b) Long Snapper (LS) c) Holder (H) d) Punter (P) e) Kick Returner (KR)
Conditioning for American Football
The Game - I ●
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11 versus 11 4 quarters 12-15 minutes - separated by 1220 minutes intervals (depending on the league and level) 2-minute intervals between 1 and 2 quarters, 3 and 4 quarters
Conditioning for American Football
The Game - II ●
The playing field:
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100 yards longitude
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53 yards wide
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White Lines: 10 for 10 yards
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Smaller Lines: 1 in 1 yard
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End Zone: 10 yards per side
Conditioning for American Football
The Game - III
Conditioning for American Football
The Game - IV ●
4 attempts (4 downs) to reach 10 yards
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Tackle
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Score: Touchdown (TD) - 6 points
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Extra point: 1 or 2 points
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Field Goal: 3 points
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Safety: 2 points
Conditioning for American Football
The Game - V
Conditioning for American Football
The Game - VI
Conditioning for American Football
The Game - VII
Conditioning for American Football
The Game - VIII ●
Differences between: a) NFL (National Football League) Vs b) CFL (Canadian Football League)
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Click in VIDEO
Conditioning for American Football
Motor Skills ●
Pass
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Run (F, D and B)
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Blockage
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Push
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Pull
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Contact
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Jump (V and H)
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Dribble (COD)
Conditioning for American Football
Metabolic Domain
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70% -
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25% -
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5% -
ATP-PC Lactic Acid Aerobic
(Kraemer et al, 2015)
Conditioning for American Football
Relationship Effort-pause
â—?
~ 5 seconds per 30 seconds
â—?
~ 1:6
(Lockie et al 2012)
Conditioning for American Football Anthropometric Profile in Players from 1942 to 2011 - part 1 BODY HEIGHT (Group)
Average change for every year (cm)
Mixed Offensive Backs
-0,048 to 0,502
Mixed Lineman
0,034 to 0,188
Mixed Skilled
-0,073 to 0,119
All Positions Combined
-0,011 to 0,112 * 95% CI
(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)
Conditioning for American Football Anthropometric Profile in Players from 1942 to 2011 – part 2 BODY WEIGHT (Group)
Average change for every year (Kg)
Mixed Offensive Backs
0,089 to 0,208
Mixed Lineman
0,338 to 0,900
Mixed Skilled
0,078 to 0,334
All Positions Combined
0,160 to 0,57 * 95% CI
(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)
Conditioning for American Football Anthropometric Profile in Players from 1942 to 2011 – part 3 BODY COMPOSITION (Group)
Average change for every year (% fat)
Mixed Offensive Backs
-0,133 to 0,127
Mixed Lineman
0,046 to 0,275
Mixed Skilled
-0,053 to 0,164
All Positions Combined
0,030 to 0,278 * 95% CI
(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)
Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands of NCAA Division I College GROUPS Non-linemen (Cornerback, Free Safety, Strong Safety, Outside Linebacker, Middle Linebacker, Wide Receiver, Quarterback, Full Back and Running Back ) Linemen (Offensive Tackle, Offensive Guard, Center, Defensive Tackle, Defensive End and Tight End)
Position Drills (min)
Team Drills (min)
Total Practice Time (min)
66+\-7
53+\-13
145+\-14
65+\-9
59+\-10
143+\-12
(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands - Distance Covered – NCAA Division I College GROUPS
Total Distance Covered (Km)
Non-linemen (Cornerback, Free Safety, Strong Safety, Outside Linebacker, Middle Linebacker, Wide Receiver, Quarterback, Full Back and Running Back )
3,5 +\-0,9
Linemen (Offensive Tackle, Offensive Guard, Center, Defensive Tackle, Defensive End and Tight End)
2,6+\-0,5
(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands – Velocity Zones – NCAA Division I College - % Distance Velocity Zones
TOTAL PRACTICE LINEMEN (% Distance)
TOTAL PRACTICE NON-LINEMEN (% Distance)
0-1,0 Km\h
7,0+\1,3
5,7+\-2,0
1,1-6,0 Km\h
51,6+\-7,3
43,9+\-6,1
6,1-12,0 Km\h
31,2+\-5,1
30,0+\-4,0
12,1-16,0 Km\h
5.7+\-2,4
8,7+\-2,3 *
> 16,0 Km\h
3,1+\-2,4
10,7+\-3,1 *
(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands – Velocity Zones – NCAA Division I College - % Time Velocity Zones
TOTAL PRACTICE LINEMEN (% Time)
TOTAL PRACTICE NON-LINEMEN (% Time)
0-1,0 Km\h
77,6+\-3,4 *
74,2+\-6,7
1,1-6,0 Km\h
16,8+\-2,8
18,3+\-4,8
6,1-12,0 Km\h
4,1+\-1,0
5,1+\-1,8 *
12,1-16,0 Km\h
0,4+\-0,5
0,9+\-0,0 *
>16,0 Km\h
0,1+\-0,3
0,8+\-0,4 *
(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands - NCAA Division I College – Heart Rate Max HRmax (bpm)
Nonlinemen Position Drills
Linemen Position Drills
p=0,025
201+\-9
194+\-11
HRmax (bpm)
Nonlinemen Team Drills
Linemen Team Drills
p=0,343
192+\-12
189+\-12
HRmax (bpm)
Nonlinemen Total Practice Time
Linemen Total Practice Time
p=0,013
203+\-8
197+\-9
(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands - NCAA Division I College – Heart Rate Avg Heart Rate Avg (bpm)
Linemen Position Drills
Nonlinemen Position Drills
p=0,715
143+\-8
142+\-11
Heart Rate Avg (bpm)
Linemen Team Drills
Nonlinemen Team Drills
p=0,698
134+\-11
135+\-12
Heart Rate Avg (bpm)
Linemen Total Practice Time
Nonlinemen Total Practice Time
p=0,580
136+\-7
135+\-11
(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Wingate Anaerobic Power Test - NCAA Division III Variables
T1
T2
T3
T4
Body Mass (Kg)
101,3+\-19,7
100,6+\-20,0
99,9+\-20,02
98,3+\-19,1
Peak Power (W)
1,892+\-274
1,837+\-181
1,934+\-101
1,936+\-151
Mean Power (W)
1,289+\-76
1,301+\-24
1,296+\-50
1,294+\-49
Fatigue Rate (W.s-1)
39,1+\-14,0
31,5+\-13,4
36,2+\-12,5
37,3+\-9,2
Total Work (J)
38,520+\-2,136
38,956+\-644
38,880+\-1,488
38,612+\-1,061
(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2005)
Conditioning for American Football Endocrine and Biochemical Changes during a Competitive Football Game VARIABLES
GROUP
Glucose (mmol.L-1)
ST
5,80+\-1,39
4,90+\-0,50
RS
4,64+\-0,51
4,79+\-0,28
ST
6,35+\-1,00
6,31+\-1,77
RS
5,39+\-1,14
5,36+\-1,38
ST
0,31+\-0,08
0,33+\-0,11
RS
0,31+\-0,06
0,28+\-0,07
ST
19,3+\-3,4
27,2+\-4,6 **
RS
22,9+\-4,0
24,7+\-3,9
ST
19,0+\-4,4
20,5+\-4,7
RS
18,4+\-7,1
19,6+\-6,1
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Uric Acid (mmol.L-1)
AST (U.L-1)
ALT (U.L-1)
Pre2
IP
(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2002)
** p<0,05
Conditioning for American Football Capacities Conditioning ●
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Strength (Power, Maximum, Elastic-reactive, Elastic-explosive) Endurance (ATP-PC, Lactic Acid) Speed (Reaction, Motion, Displacement, Endurance)
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Agility
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Flexibility (Mobility)
Conditioning for American Football Coordinative Capacities ●
Orientation spatiotemporal
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Hand-eye coordination
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Eye-foot coordination
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Precision
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Balance (static, dynamic and recovered)
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Laterality
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Anticipatory Timing
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Spins, falls, etc
Conditioning for American Football Physical Assessment 1) FIELD TESTING ●
Strength (1RM Bench press, Squat, Deadlift, VJ, HJ, SJ, CMJ, DJ, SBJ, PBT, etc)
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Agility (20-yard shuttle, Three-cone drill, 60-yard shuttle, etc)
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Speed (9,1m, 18,3m, 36,6m, etc)
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Position-specific drills
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FMS and Y-Balance Test 2) LABORATORY TESTING
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Wingate test, Isokinetic evaluation, Biochemical and Endocrine tests, Medical Injury Evaluation, Dental and Orthodontic Evaluation, etc
Conditioning for American Football Training Types
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Technical training
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Physical training
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Technical-tactical training
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Technical-physical training
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Technical-tactical-physical training
Conditioning for American Football Types of Physical Conditioning ●
General Physical Preparation
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Physical Preparation Specific a) Individualized by Tactical Position b) Team Style of Play
Conditioning for American Football Special Technical Training - I
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Olympic Lifting Techniques
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Strongman Training
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Fighting Training (boxing, grappling and sumo)
Conditioning for American Football Special Technical Training - II
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Pilates
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Yoga
Conditioning for American Football Longitudinal Changes in the Strength and Power: 5 years â&#x20AC;&#x201C; NCAA Division III All Players
Year 01
Year 02
Year 03
1 RM BP
117,4+\-20,9
126,7+\-20,4*
134,5+\-21,7 138,2+\-21,9* 153,8+\-21,2*
1RM Squat
152,5+\-27,3
166,4+\-28,4*
179,8+\-30,4 184,8+\-33,7* 207,4+\-35,1*
VJ (cm)
64,9+\-9,5
66,5+\-9,2
66,4+\-9,0
Year 04
69,7+\-9,8*
Year 05
66,6+\-9,8
Backs 1RM BP
112,3+\-19,1
121,8+\-19,8 * 125,7+\-19,3 126,3+\-19,4* 141,7+\-16,0*
1RM Squat
147,3+\-25,0
164,4+\-28,3 * 170,0+\-29,2 170,6+\-29,4* 173,4+\-19,1*
VJ (cm)
68,4+\-7,5
69,8+\-8,5
69,6+\-7,7
73,4+\-8,9*
67,3+\-9,6
Linemen 1RM BP
122,7+\-21,6
132,2+\-19,7 * 143,1+\-20,5 150,6+\-20,0* 157,7+\-21,5*
1RM Squat
157,7+\-28,5
168,6+\-28,5 * 188,4+\-29,1 198,0+\-32,3* 222,3+\-29,7*
VJ (cm)
61,0+\-10,1
62,6+\-8,4
63,6+\-9,2
(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2011)
66,3+\-9,5 *
66,3+\-10,2*
Conditioning for American Football Longitudinal Changes in the Speed, Agility, and Anaerobic Conditioning: NCAA Division III All Players
Year 01
Year 02
Year 03
Year 04
Year 05
40-yd sprint
5,05+\-0,34
5,01+\-0,37
4,97+\-0,37
4,95+\-0,35
4,97+\-0,34
T drill
9,25+\-0,78
9,22+\-0,65
9,03+\-0,61*
9,06+\-0,59
9,07+\-0,78
Proagility
4,66+\-0,32
4,62+\-0,35
4,70+\-0,40
4,55+\-0,39
4,60+\-0,40
Line drill
37,3+\-3,6
37,2+\-3,1
37,0+\-2,9
37,1+\-3,2
37,9+\-2,6
40-yd sprint
4,86+\-0,20
4,81+\-0,21
4,77+\-0,23*
4,77+\-0,20*
4,81+\-0,29
T drill
8,90+\-0,73
8,90+\-0,42
8,78+\-0,46
8,82+\-0,45
8,71+\-0,31
Proagility
4,49+\-0,13
4,45+\-0,17
4,35+\-0,2*
4,33+\-0,19*
4,51+\-0,18
Line drill
35,3+\-1,5
35,9+\-2,1
35,4+\-1,8
35,6+\-2,5
36,1+\-1,4
40-yd sprint
5,24+\-0,35
5,23+\-0,38
5,18+\-0,37
5,13+\-0,37
5,04+\-0,35*
T drill
9,60+\-0,66
9,60+\-0,68
9,32+\-0,64*
9,28+\-0,62*
9,21+\-0,86*
Proagility
4,86+\-0,35
4,85+\-0,39
4,91+\-0,33
4,79+\-0,41
4,68+\-0,53
Line drill
39,3+\-3,9
38,8+\-3,3
38,6+\-2,9
38,5+\-3,2
38,8+\-2,5
Backs
Linemen
(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Strength and Power
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Impact Power
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Output Power
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Directed Power
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Sustainable Power
(Dintiman et al, 1999)
Conditioning for American Football Collision and Tackle
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Sport Science = Video
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2200 Lbs of Force
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Click in VIDEO
Conditioning for American Football Game Based Conditioning Drills â&#x2014;?
Change game rules and duration: a) 6 vs. 6 b) 7 vs. 7 c) 8 vs. 8 d) 9 vs. 9 e) 10 vs 10
Conditioning for American Football Macrostructural Variables of Functional Training
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Movement Learning
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Proprioception
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Core
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Biomotor Capabilities
(Vretaros, 2016)
Conditioning for American Football FT - Movement Learning
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Neural Drives Motors
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Basic Motor Skills
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Movement Patterns
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Combinations of Fundamental Movements
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Reprogramming of Automatism (Cook, 2010 ; Zanella & Aguiar, 2015 ; Vretaros, 2016)
Conditioning for American Football FT – Proprioception - I ●
THE JOINTS:
a) Neck b) Shoulder c) Elbow d) Wrist e) Hip f) Knee g) Ankle
Conditioning for American Football FT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Proprioception - II
a) Sensory Receptors b) Joint Receptors c) Muscle Receptors d) Tendon Receptors e) Vestibular Receptors (Magill, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football FT – Proprioception - III ●
THE JOINT RECEPTORS:
a) Type I: Ruffini Receptors b) Type II: Corpuscle Paccini c) Type III: Corpuscle Golgi-Mazzoni d) Type IV: Free Nerve Endings (Gaspar & Chiappa, 2001)
Conditioning for American Football FT – Proprioception - IV
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General Sensitivity Exteroceptive
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General Sensitivity Proprioceptive
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Special General Sensitivity
(Gaspar & Chiappa, 2001)
Conditioning for American Football FT - Core ●
Body Aware and Control
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Static Positions
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Dynamic Positions
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Stable and Unstable Platforms a) Core Endurance b) Core Stability c) Core Strength (Saeterbakken et al, 2015 ; Nesser et al, 2016)
Conditioning for American Football FT – Biomotor Capabilities
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Coordinative Capacities
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Capacities Conditioning
Conditioning for American Football FT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Periodization in Team Sports Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Recovery
FT (BC)
FT (P)
Recovery
FT (ML) + FT (BC)
FT (BC)
FT (C)
FT (ML) + T+T
T+T
Prematch
FT (P) + FT (BC)
T+T
FT (P) + T+T
Prematch
**FT (ML)= Movement Learning, FT(P)= Proprioception, FT(C)= Core, FT(BC)= Biomotor Capabilities, T+T= Technical +Tactic
(Adapted from Vretaros, 2016)
Conditioning for American Football Injuries - I
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In Training (58,26%)
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In Game (41,74%)
(Bielecki et al, 2016)
Conditioning for American Football Injuries - II
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Head Injuries
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Shoulders
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Knee
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Leg Injuries
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - I
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Head (Brains)
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Concussions
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - II ●
Coup Concussion
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Contrecoup Concussion
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Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Post Concussive Syndrome
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Second Impact Syndrome
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Sub-concussive
(Cornwell Jr, 2013)
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - III ●
Force
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Rotational Force
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ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) Return to Play (RTP)
(Cornwell Jr, 2013)
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - IV ●
n= 1631 football players – 15 NCAA Division I, II and III
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Seasons: 1999, 2000 and 2001
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94 players sustained concussion (3,90% of player-seasons)
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Loss of Consciousness (6.4%; median duration, 30 seconds)
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Posttraumatic Amnesia (19.1%; median duration, 90 minutes)
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Retrograde Amnesia (7.4%; median duration, 120 minutes) a) Cognitive Functioning b) Postural Stability
(McCrea et al, 2003)
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - V POINTS
SYMPTOMS
Cognitive Function
Postural Stability
Time of Concussion
20,93 (15,65 -26,21)
-2,94 (-4,38 to -1,50)
5,81 (-0,67 to 12,30)
Postgame
16,97 (12,61-21,33)
-2,15 (-3,26 to -1,04)
5,66 (1,27 to 10,06)
1
11,53 (8,37 to 14,69)
-1,59 (-2,43 to -0,78)
2,72 (-0,14 to 5,57)
2
6,88 (4,17 to 9,59)
-0,72 (-1,51 to 0,08)
2,33 (-0,30 to 4,95)
3
5,08 (2,27 to 7,88)
-0,46 (-1,25 to 0,32)
1,46 (-1,22 to 4,14)
5
2,02 (-0,03 to 4,06)
-0,52 (-1,28 to 0,25)
-0,31 (-3,02 to 2,40)
7
0,33 (-1,41 to 2,06)
-0,03 (-1,33 to 1,26)
-0,55 (-3,19 to 2,09)
90
0,62 (-0,90 to 2,14)
-0,51 (-1,41 to 0,39)
-2,45 (-5,09 to 0,18)
**Mean Difference=
95% CI
POSTINJURY DAY
(Adapted from McCrea et al, 2003)
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - VI YEAR
CHARACTERISTICS
1939
●
First Plastic Football Helmet
1957
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First Tubular Bar Facemask
1973
●
1993 2002 2003 2011
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First Air-cushioned Football Helmet
RIDDELL VSR-4 Helmet Features the First Air-fitted Liner System First Football Helmet Incorporating Extended Jawline Protection, Energy Managing Material on the Sides of the Face.
●
●
Sideline Response System (HITS/SRS). First Helmet System to Monitor and Report Impacts
Official NFL Helmet ' RIDDELL 360 ' is the First Designed to Redirect Energy from Frontal Impacts away from the Head
●
(Adapted from Venables, 2013)
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - VII ●
1400 head impacts per season
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~ 6,3 impacts per practice
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14,3 impacts per game
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MATERIAL FATIGUE - HELMETS
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Capacity to Absorb Energy
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Ability to Manage Linear Acceleration
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Skull Fractures and Traumatic Brain Injuries
●
100 impacts*** (decrease in the capacity to attenuate linear acceleration)
(Cournoyer et al, 2013)
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - VIII
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - IX
â&#x2014;?
Head Impact Telemetry (HIT)
â&#x2014;?
Six Accelerometers Mounted Inside a Football Helmet: a) on the time of impact b) location of impact c) linear acceleration resultant of the head centre of gravity
(Manoogian, 2005 apud Gabbett, no date)
Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - X Movement Exercise
Weight Increases (Lbs)
Neck Extension
+67,5
Neck Flexion
+49,5
Lateral Flexion Right
+67,5
Lateral Flexion Left
+67,5
25 Degree Tilt
+67,5
10 Degree Nod
+49,5
Neutral Grip Row
+180,0
Bilateral Shrug
+180,0
Unilateral Shrug (left and right)
+80,0
Levator Scapulae Shrug
+261,0
Underhand Scapula Retraction Pull
+170,0
Neck Circumference Increase
Neck Circumference Decrease
4 inch Circumference Increase Upper Neck
Zero Neck Circumference Decrease
3 3\4 inch Circumference Increase Lower Neck
Zero Neck Circumference Decrease
(Adapted from Cornwell, 2013)
Conditioning for American Football Shoulders Injuries - I
●
Impact
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Dislocation
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Tissue Damage
●
Labral Tear
Conditioning for American Football Shoulders Injuries - II â&#x2014;?
â&#x2014;?
n= 336 elite collegiate American football players were invited to the National Football League Combine 1.3 injuries per player: a) acromioclavicular separation (41%) b) anterior instability (20%) c) rotator cuff injury (12%) d) clavicle fracture (4%) e) posterior instability (4%)
(Kaplan et al, 2005)
Conditioning for American Football Shoulders Injuries - III
●
Quarterbacks and Defensive Backs (more common)
●
Linebackers or Linemen (surgery was more common)
●
●
Defensive Players (anterior instability was more common) Linemen (rotator cuff injuries and posterior instability)
(Kaplan et al, 2005)
Conditioning for American Football Knee Injuries - I
â&#x2014;?
ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)
â&#x2014;?
MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament)
(Rovere et al, 1987 ; Salata et al, 2010)
Conditioning for American Football Knee Injuries - II ●
n= 332 elite collegiate football players at the 2005 National Football League Combine
●
1.3/player injured:
●
Medial Collateral Ligament Injury (n = 79)
●
Meniscal Injury (n = 51)
●
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (n = 40)
●
SURGERIES:
●
Arthroscopic Meniscectomy (n = 39)
●
ACL Reconstruction (n = 35)
●
Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair (n = 13)
(Bradley et al, 2008)
Conditioning for American Football Leg Injuries
●
Hip Bone
●
Hamstring Strain or Pull
●
Ankle Sprains
Conditioning for American Football Foot and Ankle Injuries - I â&#x2014;?
â&#x2014;?
n= 320 intercollegiate football players at the National Football League Combine 72% injured (1,24 injuries\player): a) lateral ankle sprain (n=115) b) syndesmotic sprain (n=50) c) metatarsophalangeal dislocation/turf toe (n=36) d) fibular fracture (n=25)
(Kaplan et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Foot and Ankle Injuries - II
●
Kickers/Punters (100%)
●
Special Teams (100%)
●
Running Backs (83%)
●
Wide Receivers (83%)
●
Offensive Linemen (80%)
(Kaplan et al, 2011)
Conditioning for American Football Longitudinal Study of Injuries in the Weight Room - I Type \Location
NUMBER
Type\ Location
NUMBER
Low back muscle
08
Shoulder muscle
01
Low back ligament
04
Shoulder separation
01
Neck muscle
03
Shoulder tendonitis
01
Heat exhaustion
03
Pectoralis muscle
01
Upper back muscle
02
Spine ligament
01
Low back disc
02
Hernia
01
Patella subluxation
02
Knee tendonitis
01
Low back spasm
01
Knee cartilage
01
Cerebral concussion
01
Leg fracture
01
Shoulder ligament
01
Ankle sprain
01
(Adapted from Zemper, 1990)
Conditioning for American Football Longitudinal Study of Injuries in the Weight Room - II Player Position
Number of Injuries
Player Position
Number of Injuries
Defensive down lineman
10
Offensive tackle
03
Running back
06
Offensive tight end
02
Flanker \ Wide receiver
04
Center
01
Linebacker
03
Quarterback
01
Defensive halfback \ cornerback
03
Slotback \ wingback
01
Offensive guard
03
Defensive safety
01
(Adapted from Zemper, 1990)
Conditioning for American Football Control of Training Loads - I
●
External Load
●
Internal Load
Conditioning for American Football Control of Training Loads - II â&#x2014;?
EXTERNAL LOAD:
a) Volume b) Intensity c) Density d) Complexity (Bompa & Haff, 2012)
Conditioning for American Football Control of Training Loads - III â&#x2014;?
INTERNAL LOAD: a) Subjective Perception Effort *** b) Heart Rate * c) Lactate * d) Monotony Index ** e) Strain Index ** (Foster, 1998 ; Foster et al, 2001 ; Miloski et al, 2012)
Conditioning for American Football Control of Training Loads - IV
●
Scale Muscle Pain
●
Indicator Locality Muscular Pain
Conditioning for American Football Relationship Loads versus Injuries ●
Non-contact, Soft-tissue Injurie:
●
Critical Element: dose-response relationship
●
●
High Change in Training Load (> 10%) - week-to-week change Weekly Load Range Training in Arbitrary Units (RPE x Minutes)
●
Acute Training Load
●
Chronic Training Load
●
Peak loads
●
Adapt the demands of the game
(Gabbett, 2015)
Conditioning for American Football Recovery and Regeneration - I
â&#x2014;?
Active Recovery
â&#x2014;?
Passive Recovery
Conditioning for American Football Recovery and Regeneration - II Hydration
Hyperoxia Therapy
Nutrition
Electrostimulation
Chiropractic
Slowdown Active
Cryotherapy
Acupuncture
Magnetotherapy
Sleep
Thermotherapy
Cupping Therapy
Compression Garment
And others
(Gill et al, 2006 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012 ; Vretaros, 2015)
Conditioning for American Football Neuropsychological Recovery ●
Level of Stress
●
Mental Toughness
●
Verbal Memory
●
Visual Memory
●
Reaction Time
●
Information Processing Speed
●
Concentration (Iverson et al, 2009 ; Sheard, 2009 ; Weinberg & Gould, 2014 )