Conditioning for American Football

Conditioning for American Football

Adriano Vretaros Strength and Conditioning Coach São Paulo – BRAZIL avretaros@gmail.com

Conditioning for American Football

Characteristics - I

â—?

Team Sport: a) Invasion Game b) Evasion Game

Conditioning for American Football

Characteristics - II

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Contact Sport

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Collision Sport

Conditioning for American Football

Characteristics - III

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Intermittent

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High Intensity Demands

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Short Duration of Games Activity

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High Force Collisions

Conditioning for American Football

Positions Tactics - I

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Defense

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Attack

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Specialists Functions

Conditioning for American Football

Positions Tactics - II â—?

DEFENSE: a) Defensive End (DE) b) Defensive Tackle (DT) c) Linebackers (LB) d) Cornerback (CB) e) Strong Safety (SS) f) Free Safety (FS)

Conditioning for American Football

Positions Tactics - III ●

ATTACK: a) Quarterback (QB) b) Running Back (RB) c) Fullback (FB) d) Center (C) e) Offensive Guard (OG – RG and LG) f) Offensive Tackle (OT – RT and LT) g) Wide Receivers h) Tight End (TE)

Conditioning for American Football

Positions Tactics - IV â—?

SPECIALISTS FUNCTIONS: a) Kicker (K) b) Long Snapper (LS) c) Holder (H) d) Punter (P) e) Kick Returner (KR)

Conditioning for American Football

The Game - I ●

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11 versus 11 4 quarters 12-15 minutes - separated by 1220 minutes intervals (depending on the league and level) 2-minute intervals between 1 and 2 quarters, 3 and 4 quarters

Conditioning for American Football

The Game - II ●

The playing field:

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100 yards longitude

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53 yards wide

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White Lines: 10 for 10 yards

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Smaller Lines: 1 in 1 yard

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End Zone: 10 yards per side

Conditioning for American Football

The Game - III

Conditioning for American Football

The Game - IV ●

4 attempts (4 downs) to reach 10 yards

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Tackle

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Score: Touchdown (TD) - 6 points

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Extra point: 1 or 2 points

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Field Goal: 3 points

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Safety: 2 points

Conditioning for American Football

The Game - V

Conditioning for American Football

The Game - VI

Conditioning for American Football

The Game - VII

Conditioning for American Football

The Game - VIII ●

Differences between: a) NFL (National Football League) Vs b) CFL (Canadian Football League)

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Click in VIDEO

Conditioning for American Football

Motor Skills ●

Pass

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Run (F, D and B)

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Blockage

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Push

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Pull

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Contact

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Jump (V and H)

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Dribble (COD)

Conditioning for American Football

Metabolic Domain

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70% -

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25% -

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5% -

ATP-PC Lactic Acid Aerobic

(Kraemer et al, 2015)

Conditioning for American Football

Relationship Effort-pause

â—?

~ 5 seconds per 30 seconds

â—?

~ 1:6

(Lockie et al 2012)

Conditioning for American Football Anthropometric Profile in Players from 1942 to 2011 - part 1 BODY HEIGHT (Group)

Average change for every year (cm)

Mixed Offensive Backs

-0,048 to 0,502

Mixed Lineman

0,034 to 0,188

Mixed Skilled

-0,073 to 0,119

All Positions Combined

-0,011 to 0,112 * 95% CI

(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)

Conditioning for American Football Anthropometric Profile in Players from 1942 to 2011 – part 2 BODY WEIGHT (Group)

Average change for every year (Kg)

Mixed Offensive Backs

0,089 to 0,208

Mixed Lineman

0,338 to 0,900

Mixed Skilled

0,078 to 0,334

All Positions Combined

0,160 to 0,57 * 95% CI

(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)

Conditioning for American Football Anthropometric Profile in Players from 1942 to 2011 – part 3 BODY COMPOSITION (Group)

Average change for every year (% fat)

Mixed Offensive Backs

-0,133 to 0,127

Mixed Lineman

0,046 to 0,275

Mixed Skilled

-0,053 to 0,164

All Positions Combined

0,030 to 0,278 * 95% CI

(Adapted from Anzell et al, 2013)

Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands of NCAA Division I College GROUPS Non-linemen (Cornerback, Free Safety, Strong Safety, Outside Linebacker, Middle Linebacker, Wide Receiver, Quarterback, Full Back and Running Back ) Linemen (Offensive Tackle, Offensive Guard, Center, Defensive Tackle, Defensive End and Tight End)

Position Drills (min)

Team Drills (min)

Total Practice Time (min)

66+\-7

53+\-13

145+\-14

65+\-9

59+\-10

143+\-12

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands - Distance Covered – NCAA Division I College GROUPS

Total Distance Covered (Km)

Non-linemen (Cornerback, Free Safety, Strong Safety, Outside Linebacker, Middle Linebacker, Wide Receiver, Quarterback, Full Back and Running Back )

3,5 +\-0,9

Linemen (Offensive Tackle, Offensive Guard, Center, Defensive Tackle, Defensive End and Tight End)

2,6+\-0,5

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands – Velocity Zones – NCAA Division I College - % Distance Velocity Zones

TOTAL PRACTICE LINEMEN (% Distance)

TOTAL PRACTICE NON-LINEMEN (% Distance)

0-1,0 Km\h

7,0+\1,3

5,7+\-2,0

1,1-6,0 Km\h

51,6+\-7,3

43,9+\-6,1

6,1-12,0 Km\h

31,2+\-5,1

30,0+\-4,0

12,1-16,0 Km\h

5.7+\-2,4

8,7+\-2,3 *

> 16,0 Km\h

3,1+\-2,4

10,7+\-3,1 *

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands – Velocity Zones – NCAA Division I College - % Time Velocity Zones

TOTAL PRACTICE LINEMEN (% Time)

TOTAL PRACTICE NON-LINEMEN (% Time)

0-1,0 Km\h

77,6+\-3,4 *

74,2+\-6,7

1,1-6,0 Km\h

16,8+\-2,8

18,3+\-4,8

6,1-12,0 Km\h

4,1+\-1,0

5,1+\-1,8 *

12,1-16,0 Km\h

0,4+\-0,5

0,9+\-0,0 *

>16,0 Km\h

0,1+\-0,3

0,8+\-0,4 *

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands - NCAA Division I College – Heart Rate Max HRmax (bpm)

Nonlinemen Position Drills

Linemen Position Drills

p=0,025

201+\-9

194+\-11

HRmax (bpm)

Nonlinemen Team Drills

Linemen Team Drills

p=0,343

192+\-12

189+\-12

HRmax (bpm)

Nonlinemen Total Practice Time

Linemen Total Practice Time

p=0,013

203+\-8

197+\-9

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Physical Demands - NCAA Division I College – Heart Rate Avg Heart Rate Avg (bpm)

Linemen Position Drills

Nonlinemen Position Drills

p=0,715

143+\-8

142+\-11

Heart Rate Avg (bpm)

Linemen Team Drills

Nonlinemen Team Drills

p=0,698

134+\-11

135+\-12

Heart Rate Avg (bpm)

Linemen Total Practice Time

Nonlinemen Total Practice Time

p=0,580

136+\-7

135+\-11

(Adapted from DeMartini et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Wingate Anaerobic Power Test - NCAA Division III Variables

T1

T2

T3

T4

Body Mass (Kg)

101,3+\-19,7

100,6+\-20,0

99,9+\-20,02

98,3+\-19,1

Peak Power (W)

1,892+\-274

1,837+\-181

1,934+\-101

1,936+\-151

Mean Power (W)

1,289+\-76

1,301+\-24

1,296+\-50

1,294+\-49

Fatigue Rate (W.s-1)

39,1+\-14,0

31,5+\-13,4

36,2+\-12,5

37,3+\-9,2

Total Work (J)

38,520+\-2,136

38,956+\-644

38,880+\-1,488

38,612+\-1,061

(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2005)

Conditioning for American Football Endocrine and Biochemical Changes during a Competitive Football Game VARIABLES

GROUP

Glucose (mmol.L-1)

ST

5,80+\-1,39

4,90+\-0,50

RS

4,64+\-0,51

4,79+\-0,28

ST

6,35+\-1,00

6,31+\-1,77

RS

5,39+\-1,14

5,36+\-1,38

ST

0,31+\-0,08

0,33+\-0,11

RS

0,31+\-0,06

0,28+\-0,07

ST

19,3+\-3,4

27,2+\-4,6 **

RS

22,9+\-4,0

24,7+\-3,9

ST

19,0+\-4,4

20,5+\-4,7

RS

18,4+\-7,1

19,6+\-6,1

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Uric Acid (mmol.L-1)

AST (U.L-1)

ALT (U.L-1)

Pre2

IP

(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2002)

** p<0,05

Conditioning for American Football Capacities Conditioning ●

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Strength (Power, Maximum, Elastic-reactive, Elastic-explosive) Endurance (ATP-PC, Lactic Acid) Speed (Reaction, Motion, Displacement, Endurance)

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Agility

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Flexibility (Mobility)

Conditioning for American Football Coordinative Capacities ●

Orientation spatiotemporal

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Hand-eye coordination

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Eye-foot coordination

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Precision

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Balance (static, dynamic and recovered)

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Laterality

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Anticipatory Timing

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Spins, falls, etc

Conditioning for American Football Physical Assessment 1) FIELD TESTING ●

Strength (1RM Bench press, Squat, Deadlift, VJ, HJ, SJ, CMJ, DJ, SBJ, PBT, etc)

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Agility (20-yard shuttle, Three-cone drill, 60-yard shuttle, etc)

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Speed (9,1m, 18,3m, 36,6m, etc)

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Position-specific drills

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FMS and Y-Balance Test 2) LABORATORY TESTING

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Wingate test, Isokinetic evaluation, Biochemical and Endocrine tests, Medical Injury Evaluation, Dental and Orthodontic Evaluation, etc

Conditioning for American Football Training Types

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Technical training

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Physical training

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Technical-tactical training

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Technical-physical training

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Technical-tactical-physical training

Conditioning for American Football Types of Physical Conditioning ●

General Physical Preparation

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Physical Preparation Specific a) Individualized by Tactical Position b) Team Style of Play

Conditioning for American Football Special Technical Training - I

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Olympic Lifting Techniques

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Strongman Training

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Fighting Training (boxing, grappling and sumo)

Conditioning for American Football Special Technical Training - II

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Pilates

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Yoga

Conditioning for American Football Longitudinal Changes in the Strength and Power: 5 years â&#x20AC;&#x201C; NCAA Division III All Players

Year 01

Year 02

Year 03

1 RM BP

117,4+\-20,9

126,7+\-20,4*

134,5+\-21,7 138,2+\-21,9* 153,8+\-21,2*

1RM Squat

152,5+\-27,3

166,4+\-28,4*

179,8+\-30,4 184,8+\-33,7* 207,4+\-35,1*

VJ (cm)

64,9+\-9,5

66,5+\-9,2

66,4+\-9,0

Year 04

69,7+\-9,8*

Year 05

66,6+\-9,8

Backs 1RM BP

112,3+\-19,1

121,8+\-19,8 * 125,7+\-19,3 126,3+\-19,4* 141,7+\-16,0*

1RM Squat

147,3+\-25,0

164,4+\-28,3 * 170,0+\-29,2 170,6+\-29,4* 173,4+\-19,1*

VJ (cm)

68,4+\-7,5

69,8+\-8,5

69,6+\-7,7

73,4+\-8,9*

67,3+\-9,6

Linemen 1RM BP

122,7+\-21,6

132,2+\-19,7 * 143,1+\-20,5 150,6+\-20,0* 157,7+\-21,5*

1RM Squat

157,7+\-28,5

168,6+\-28,5 * 188,4+\-29,1 198,0+\-32,3* 222,3+\-29,7*

VJ (cm)

61,0+\-10,1

62,6+\-8,4

63,6+\-9,2

(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2011)

66,3+\-9,5 *

66,3+\-10,2*

Conditioning for American Football Longitudinal Changes in the Speed, Agility, and Anaerobic Conditioning: NCAA Division III All Players

Year 01

Year 02

Year 03

Year 04

Year 05

40-yd sprint

5,05+\-0,34

5,01+\-0,37

4,97+\-0,37

4,95+\-0,35

4,97+\-0,34

T drill

9,25+\-0,78

9,22+\-0,65

9,03+\-0,61*

9,06+\-0,59

9,07+\-0,78

Proagility

4,66+\-0,32

4,62+\-0,35

4,70+\-0,40

4,55+\-0,39

4,60+\-0,40

Line drill

37,3+\-3,6

37,2+\-3,1

37,0+\-2,9

37,1+\-3,2

37,9+\-2,6

40-yd sprint

4,86+\-0,20

4,81+\-0,21

4,77+\-0,23*

4,77+\-0,20*

4,81+\-0,29

T drill

8,90+\-0,73

8,90+\-0,42

8,78+\-0,46

8,82+\-0,45

8,71+\-0,31

Proagility

4,49+\-0,13

4,45+\-0,17

4,35+\-0,2*

4,33+\-0,19*

4,51+\-0,18

Line drill

35,3+\-1,5

35,9+\-2,1

35,4+\-1,8

35,6+\-2,5

36,1+\-1,4

40-yd sprint

5,24+\-0,35

5,23+\-0,38

5,18+\-0,37

5,13+\-0,37

5,04+\-0,35*

T drill

9,60+\-0,66

9,60+\-0,68

9,32+\-0,64*

9,28+\-0,62*

9,21+\-0,86*

Proagility

4,86+\-0,35

4,85+\-0,39

4,91+\-0,33

4,79+\-0,41

4,68+\-0,53

Line drill

39,3+\-3,9

38,8+\-3,3

38,6+\-2,9

38,5+\-3,2

38,8+\-2,5

Backs

Linemen

(Adapted from Hoffman et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Strength and Power

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Impact Power

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Output Power

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Directed Power

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Sustainable Power

(Dintiman et al, 1999)

Conditioning for American Football Collision and Tackle

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Sport Science = Video

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2200 Lbs of Force

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Click in VIDEO

Conditioning for American Football Game Based Conditioning Drills â&#x2014;?

Change game rules and duration: a) 6 vs. 6 b) 7 vs. 7 c) 8 vs. 8 d) 9 vs. 9 e) 10 vs 10

Conditioning for American Football Macrostructural Variables of Functional Training

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Movement Learning

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Proprioception

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Core

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Biomotor Capabilities

(Vretaros, 2016)

Conditioning for American Football FT - Movement Learning

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Neural Drives Motors

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Basic Motor Skills

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Movement Patterns

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Combinations of Fundamental Movements

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Reprogramming of Automatism (Cook, 2010 ; Zanella & Aguiar, 2015 ; Vretaros, 2016)

Conditioning for American Football FT – Proprioception - I ●

THE JOINTS:

a) Neck b) Shoulder c) Elbow d) Wrist e) Hip f) Knee g) Ankle

Conditioning for American Football FT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Proprioception - II

a) Sensory Receptors b) Joint Receptors c) Muscle Receptors d) Tendon Receptors e) Vestibular Receptors (Magill, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football FT – Proprioception - III ●

THE JOINT RECEPTORS:

a) Type I: Ruffini Receptors b) Type II: Corpuscle Paccini c) Type III: Corpuscle Golgi-Mazzoni d) Type IV: Free Nerve Endings (Gaspar & Chiappa, 2001)

Conditioning for American Football FT – Proprioception - IV

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General Sensitivity Exteroceptive

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General Sensitivity Proprioceptive

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Special General Sensitivity

(Gaspar & Chiappa, 2001)

Conditioning for American Football FT - Core ●

Body Aware and Control

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Static Positions

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Dynamic Positions

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Stable and Unstable Platforms a) Core Endurance b) Core Stability c) Core Strength (Saeterbakken et al, 2015 ; Nesser et al, 2016)

Conditioning for American Football FT – Biomotor Capabilities

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Coordinative Capacities

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Capacities Conditioning

Conditioning for American Football FT â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Periodization in Team Sports Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Recovery

FT (BC)

FT (P)

Recovery

FT (ML) + FT (BC)

FT (BC)

FT (C)

FT (ML) + T+T

T+T

Prematch

FT (P) + FT (BC)

T+T

FT (P) + T+T

Prematch

**FT (ML)= Movement Learning, FT(P)= Proprioception, FT(C)= Core, FT(BC)= Biomotor Capabilities, T+T= Technical +Tactic

(Adapted from Vretaros, 2016)

Conditioning for American Football Injuries - I

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In Training (58,26%)

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In Game (41,74%)

(Bielecki et al, 2016)

Conditioning for American Football Injuries - II

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Head Injuries

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Shoulders

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Knee

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Leg Injuries

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - I

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Head (Brains)

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Concussions

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - II ●

Coup Concussion

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Contrecoup Concussion

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Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Post Concussive Syndrome

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Second Impact Syndrome

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Sub-concussive

(Cornwell Jr, 2013)

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - III ●

Force

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Rotational Force

●

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ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) Return to Play (RTP)

(Cornwell Jr, 2013)

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - IV ●

n= 1631 football players – 15 NCAA Division I, II and III

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Seasons: 1999, 2000 and 2001

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94 players sustained concussion (3,90% of player-seasons)

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Loss of Consciousness (6.4%; median duration, 30 seconds)

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Posttraumatic Amnesia (19.1%; median duration, 90 minutes)

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Retrograde Amnesia (7.4%; median duration, 120 minutes) a) Cognitive Functioning b) Postural Stability

(McCrea et al, 2003)

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - V POINTS

SYMPTOMS

Cognitive Function

Postural Stability

Time of Concussion

20,93 (15,65 -26,21)

-2,94 (-4,38 to -1,50)

5,81 (-0,67 to 12,30)

Postgame

16,97 (12,61-21,33)

-2,15 (-3,26 to -1,04)

5,66 (1,27 to 10,06)

1

11,53 (8,37 to 14,69)

-1,59 (-2,43 to -0,78)

2,72 (-0,14 to 5,57)

2

6,88 (4,17 to 9,59)

-0,72 (-1,51 to 0,08)

2,33 (-0,30 to 4,95)

3

5,08 (2,27 to 7,88)

-0,46 (-1,25 to 0,32)

1,46 (-1,22 to 4,14)

5

2,02 (-0,03 to 4,06)

-0,52 (-1,28 to 0,25)

-0,31 (-3,02 to 2,40)

7

0,33 (-1,41 to 2,06)

-0,03 (-1,33 to 1,26)

-0,55 (-3,19 to 2,09)

90

0,62 (-0,90 to 2,14)

-0,51 (-1,41 to 0,39)

-2,45 (-5,09 to 0,18)

**Mean Difference=

95% CI

POSTINJURY DAY

(Adapted from McCrea et al, 2003)

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - VI YEAR

CHARACTERISTICS

1939

●

First Plastic Football Helmet

1957

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First Tubular Bar Facemask

1973

●

1993 2002 2003 2011

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First Air-cushioned Football Helmet

RIDDELL VSR-4 Helmet Features the First Air-fitted Liner System First Football Helmet Incorporating Extended Jawline Protection, Energy Managing Material on the Sides of the Face.

●

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Sideline Response System (HITS/SRS). First Helmet System to Monitor and Report Impacts

Official NFL Helmet ' RIDDELL 360 ' is the First Designed to Redirect Energy from Frontal Impacts away from the Head

●

(Adapted from Venables, 2013)

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - VII ●

1400 head impacts per season

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~ 6,3 impacts per practice

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14,3 impacts per game

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MATERIAL FATIGUE - HELMETS

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Capacity to Absorb Energy

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Ability to Manage Linear Acceleration

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Skull Fractures and Traumatic Brain Injuries

●

100 impacts*** (decrease in the capacity to attenuate linear acceleration)

(Cournoyer et al, 2013)

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - VIII

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - IX

â&#x2014;?

Head Impact Telemetry (HIT)

â&#x2014;?

Six Accelerometers Mounted Inside a Football Helmet: a) on the time of impact b) location of impact c) linear acceleration resultant of the head centre of gravity

(Manoogian, 2005 apud Gabbett, no date)

Conditioning for American Football Head Injuries - X Movement Exercise

Weight Increases (Lbs)

Neck Extension

+67,5

Neck Flexion

+49,5

Lateral Flexion Right

+67,5

Lateral Flexion Left

+67,5

25 Degree Tilt

+67,5

10 Degree Nod

+49,5

Neutral Grip Row

+180,0

Bilateral Shrug

+180,0

Unilateral Shrug (left and right)

+80,0

Levator Scapulae Shrug

+261,0

Underhand Scapula Retraction Pull

+170,0

Neck Circumference Increase

Neck Circumference Decrease

4 inch Circumference Increase Upper Neck

Zero Neck Circumference Decrease

3 3\4 inch Circumference Increase Lower Neck

Zero Neck Circumference Decrease

(Adapted from Cornwell, 2013)

Conditioning for American Football Shoulders Injuries - I

●

Impact

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Dislocation

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Tissue Damage

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Labral Tear

Conditioning for American Football Shoulders Injuries - II â&#x2014;?

â&#x2014;?

n= 336 elite collegiate American football players were invited to the National Football League Combine 1.3 injuries per player: a) acromioclavicular separation (41%) b) anterior instability (20%) c) rotator cuff injury (12%) d) clavicle fracture (4%) e) posterior instability (4%)

(Kaplan et al, 2005)

Conditioning for American Football Shoulders Injuries - III

●

Quarterbacks and Defensive Backs (more common)

●

Linebackers or Linemen (surgery was more common)

●

●

Defensive Players (anterior instability was more common) Linemen (rotator cuff injuries and posterior instability)

(Kaplan et al, 2005)

Conditioning for American Football Knee Injuries - I

â&#x2014;?

ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)

â&#x2014;?

MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament)

(Rovere et al, 1987 ; Salata et al, 2010)

Conditioning for American Football Knee Injuries - II ●

n= 332 elite collegiate football players at the 2005 National Football League Combine

●

1.3/player injured:

●

Medial Collateral Ligament Injury (n = 79)

●

Meniscal Injury (n = 51)

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (n = 40)

●

SURGERIES:

●

Arthroscopic Meniscectomy (n = 39)

●

ACL Reconstruction (n = 35)

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Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair (n = 13)

(Bradley et al, 2008)

Conditioning for American Football Leg Injuries

●

Hip Bone

●

Hamstring Strain or Pull

●

Ankle Sprains

Conditioning for American Football Foot and Ankle Injuries - I â&#x2014;?

â&#x2014;?

n= 320 intercollegiate football players at the National Football League Combine 72% injured (1,24 injuries\player): a) lateral ankle sprain (n=115) b) syndesmotic sprain (n=50) c) metatarsophalangeal dislocation/turf toe (n=36) d) fibular fracture (n=25)

(Kaplan et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Foot and Ankle Injuries - II

●

Kickers/Punters (100%)

●

Special Teams (100%)

●

Running Backs (83%)

●

Wide Receivers (83%)

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Offensive Linemen (80%)

(Kaplan et al, 2011)

Conditioning for American Football Longitudinal Study of Injuries in the Weight Room - I Type \Location

NUMBER

Type\ Location

NUMBER

Low back muscle

08

Shoulder muscle

01

Low back ligament

04

Shoulder separation

01

Neck muscle

03

Shoulder tendonitis

01

Heat exhaustion

03

Pectoralis muscle

01

Upper back muscle

02

Spine ligament

01

Low back disc

02

Hernia

01

Patella subluxation

02

Knee tendonitis

01

Low back spasm

01

Knee cartilage

01

Cerebral concussion

01

Leg fracture

01

Shoulder ligament

01

Ankle sprain

01

(Adapted from Zemper, 1990)

Conditioning for American Football Longitudinal Study of Injuries in the Weight Room - II Player Position

Number of Injuries

Player Position

Number of Injuries

Defensive down lineman

10

Offensive tackle

03

Running back

06

Offensive tight end

02

Flanker \ Wide receiver

04

Center

01

Linebacker

03

Quarterback

01

Defensive halfback \ cornerback

03

Slotback \ wingback

01

Offensive guard

03

Defensive safety

01

(Adapted from Zemper, 1990)

Conditioning for American Football Control of Training Loads - I

●

External Load

●

Internal Load

Conditioning for American Football Control of Training Loads - II â&#x2014;?

EXTERNAL LOAD:

a) Volume b) Intensity c) Density d) Complexity (Bompa & Haff, 2012)

Conditioning for American Football Control of Training Loads - III â&#x2014;?

INTERNAL LOAD: a) Subjective Perception Effort *** b) Heart Rate * c) Lactate * d) Monotony Index ** e) Strain Index ** (Foster, 1998 ; Foster et al, 2001 ; Miloski et al, 2012)

Conditioning for American Football Control of Training Loads - IV

●

Scale Muscle Pain

●

Indicator Locality Muscular Pain

Conditioning for American Football Relationship Loads versus Injuries ●

Non-contact, Soft-tissue Injurie:

●

Critical Element: dose-response relationship

●

●

High Change in Training Load (> 10%) - week-to-week change Weekly Load Range Training in Arbitrary Units (RPE x Minutes)

●

Acute Training Load

●

Chronic Training Load

●

Peak loads

●

Adapt the demands of the game

(Gabbett, 2015)

Conditioning for American Football Recovery and Regeneration - I

â&#x2014;?

Active Recovery

â&#x2014;?

Passive Recovery

Conditioning for American Football Recovery and Regeneration - II Hydration

Hyperoxia Therapy

Nutrition

Electrostimulation

Chiropractic

Slowdown Active

Cryotherapy

Acupuncture

Magnetotherapy

Sleep

Thermotherapy

Cupping Therapy

Compression Garment

And others

(Gill et al, 2006 ; Bompa & Haff, 2012 ; Vretaros, 2015)

Conditioning for American Football Neuropsychological Recovery ●

Level of Stress

●

Mental Toughness

●

Verbal Memory

●

Visual Memory

●

Reaction Time

●

Information Processing Speed

●

Concentration (Iverson et al, 2009 ; Sheard, 2009 ; Weinberg & Gould, 2014 )