For example, Portland is adding pedestrian and bike paths in its arterial road connections. These are further supported by active ground floor retail offices to create a bustling high street environment. Portland locally calls them ‘civic corridors’. Similarly, Paris has transformed its peripheral arterial road by adding more greens, pedestrian paths and bike paths. On the hand, Melbourne is adding bike paths under its automobile-oriented highways. These pedestrianization efforts can be traced to be integrated across various renewal projects in the city. For example, Paris has converted its Seine River banks into pedestrian friendly urban space. Melbourne inner city port area renewal project, Fishermen’s Wharf, has similar approach. These pedestrian and green oriented redevelopments not only serve city as a whole but also revitalise the nearby neighbourhoods by giving them access to urban space and greens. (Lecroart, 2020 as cited in Pouliquen, 2020) Apart from these infrastructural actions, soft measures like street calming can also be identified in the cities. Paris, for example, during the first Sunday of the month, intends to close the peripheral roads to car-use and reserve it for only pedestrian use by converting the arterial road into urban spaces.
Car based commute
Mobility as a Service (MaaS)
Figure 36 - Principle of Sustainable mobility and its features (Source: Re-illustrated from, The International Transport forum, 2019)
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