A New Time Based Urban Agenda. Exploring the 15 minute city in concepts and practices

concentrated on regional and national Employment and Innovation clusters. These innovation clusters are surrounded by medium density residential development and often under-equipped with amenities and services in the areas if middle and outer suburbs. On the other hand, the well-services central city and inner neighbourhoods are unaffordable, thus representing the city’s severe and unfairly distributed deficit of infrastructure and services in which upper and middle classes tend to cluster in inner and middle ring areas while lower income groups are moving to urban fringes in search of lower prices for housing.(Whitzman, 2017) According to Currie et al. (2018) this phenomenon has profound implications on forced car ownership with great impact and intensity felt in low density outer suburban areas. According to the Metropolitan authority, as of 2014, 89% of workers commuted by car (Dunn, 2016)

A New Time Based Urban Agenda. Exploring the 15 minute city in concepts and practices

Articles inside

to ease out governance

List of References

6.2. Relevance of Study and future scope of work

Table 5 - Creating and Governing ‘Proximity’ in compact cities

5.1.1. Strategy of ‘Enabling Service Localization in Neighbourhoods’

5.1.2. Strategy of ‘Defining and Providing services to people’

5.1. Creating ‘proximity city’ starting from Neighbourhoods and people

Figure 37 - Principle of Networked urban system and its features

Chapter 5. A discussion regarding ‘proximity city’ and ‘Fifteen-minute City’

Figure 36 - Principle of Sustainable mobility and its features

4.2.3. Principle 3: Distributed and networked urban system

4.2.2. Principle 2: Multi-modal sustainable transport

Table 4 - Comparison of Empirical models of spatial planning to Moreno’s FMC proposition

Chapter 4. Findings and Synthesis: The Spatial form of FMC

3.4. Interpretative remarks on the Case study descriptions

Figure 31 – Framework of Paris En Commun strategy

Figure 32 - Various Strategic projects scheduled till 2030 in Greater Paris region

suburban areas

3.2.3. Strategies for spatial proximity

3.3.2. The FMC: The Quarter Hour City

Figure 21 - The built environment of Central city, middle ring neighbourhoods, and outer neighbourhoods of Melbourne Metropolitan Area

Figure 20 - Melbourne’s Urban footprint compared to inner city

Figure 15 - Components of Complete Neighbourhoods and the city scale connected network of complete neighbourhoods

Figure 14 - Strategic Framework of Portland Plan

Figure 18 - Portland's Urban Design Framework

3.1.2. The FMC: Complete neighbourhoods (formerly 20-minute city

Figure 17 - Portland's Investment Strategy to prioritize strategic neighbourhoods

Figure 12 - Territorial Governance of Portland city

Chapter 3. Exploring the Empirical Application of FMC

2.4.4. Scope and Limitations of case studies

2.4.3. Case study methodology, unit of analysis, materials, and methods

Figure 10 - FMC's synonymity to Garden city concept

2.3. Interpretative remarks, problem statement & way forward to case studies

2.2.2. FMC and Challenge to ‘walkable’ Neighbourhood space metric

2.2. Critical Voices

Figure 8 – Fifteen-minutes and distance covered through various transport modes and its actual overlay on Paris’ urban footprint

2.1.2. FMC and Planning for resilience

2.1.3. FMC and Reconnecting residents to proximity services

Chapter 2. Arguments in favour and Critical Voices

Chapter 1. The x-minute city

Figure 1- The One minute city and the 30 minute city variants

Figure 4 - Prescriptive Elements of Moreno's 15-minute city framework

1.2. The 15-minute city framework

2.3. FMC and Challenge of existing demographic and socio-economic differential in

Introduction

1.3. Interpretative Remarks

Pathway