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M/V “VSLNAME” IMO No: 9999999
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GRAIN LOADING MANUAL
ALPHA MARINE CONSULTING P.C. MARINE CONSULTANTS & SURVEYORS T: +30 211 8881000, F: +30 211 8881039 mail@alphamrn.com | www.alphamrn.com
PLAN HISTORY DESCRIPTION Issued as Final Booklet
DATE 01/01/2019
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REV. 0
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TOTAL EIGHTY-FIVE (85) SHEETS WITH COVER, EXCL. APPENDIX
CAUTION
THIS DRAWING OR DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF ALPHA MARINE CONSULTING AND IT MUST NOT BE PARTIALLY OR WHOLLY COPIED OR USED FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF AMC.
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TITLE:
SHIP TYPE:
GRAIN LOADING MANUAL
245,000 DWT BULK CARRIER
SHIP NAME: CHECKED BY: DRAWN BY:
IMO NO.:
VSLNAME PT KT
DWG NO.: REV. NO.:
xxxx-GLM-0 0
ALPHA MARINE CONSULTING P.C.
HULL NO.:
DATE: SIZE:
8184 9999999 01/01/2019 A4 / A3
MARINE CONSULTANTS & SURVEYORS T: +30 211 8881000, F: +30 211 8881039 mail@alphamrn.com | www.alphamrn.com
M/V “VSLNAME” GRAIN LOADING MANUAL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE GENERAL PARTICULARS ..................................................................................... 4
1.1.
GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 4
1.2.
PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS....................................................................................... 4
1.3.
DISPLACEMENT AND DEADWEIGHT ................................................................... 4
2.
GENERAL NOTES .................................................................................................. 5
3.
UNIT CONVERSIONS ............................................................................................. 6
4.
GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR THE CARRIAGE OF GRAIN ................................. 7
4.1.
DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................... 7
4.2.
STOWAGE OF BULK GRAIN .................................................................................. 7
4.3.
OVERSTOWING ARRANGEMENTS ....................................................................... 8
4.4.
STRAPPING OR LASHING ..................................................................................... 8
4.5.
SECURING WITH WIRE MESH .............................................................................. 9
5.
CALCULATION OF VOLUMETRIC HEELING MOMENTS .................................. 11
5.1.
FILLED COMPARTMENTS, TRIMMED ................................................................. 11
5.2.
FILLED COMPARTMENTS, UNTRIMMED ............................................................ 11
5.3.
PARTLY FILLED COMPARTMENTS ..................................................................... 12
6.
STABILITY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 13
7.
NOTES ON THE EFFECTS OF FREE SURFACES .............................................. 14
8.
USE OF ALLOWABLE HEELING MOMENTS TABLES ...................................... 15
9.
CAPACITIES AND CENTERS OF HOLDS AND TANKS ..................................... 16
10.
LOADING CONDITIONS ....................................................................................... 19
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SUMMARY TABLE OF LOADING CONDITIONS .................................................. 19
APPENDIX
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HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS ....................................................................................... 63 CROSS CURVES OF STABILITY ..................................................................................... 66 DOWNFLOODING ANGLE CURVE .................................................................................. 67 FRAME SPACING TABLE ................................................................................................. 68 GRAIN TABULAR DATA FOR COMPARTMENTS ........................................................... 72 ALLOWABLE HEELING MOMENTS ................................................................................. 80 GRAIN LOADING STABILITY CALCULATION EXAMPLE ............................................... 81 GRAIN LOADING STABILITY CALCULATION FORM ...................................................... 83 PLAN SHOWING ARRANGEMENT OF HOLDS AND TANKS ......................................... 85
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1. GENERAL PARTICULARS
1.1.
GENERAL
Ship’s Name:
VSLNAME
Ship’s Type: Flag: Port of Registry: IMO Number: Classification: Built by: Year Built:
1.2.
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Year Converted to Ore Carrier:
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Call Sign:
PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS
Length O.A.:
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Length B.P.:
Breadth (mld.): Depth (mld.):
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Summer Load Draught (extr.): 1.3.
DISPLACEMENT AND DEADWEIGHT
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Lightship Weight:
Displacement at S.L.D.: Deadweight at S.L.D.:
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2. GENERAL NOTES
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3. UNIT CONVERSIONS
The use of S.I. (System International) is strongly recommended. To convert from
To obtain
0.03937
Millimeters
Inches
25.40
0.3937
Centimeters
Inches
2.54
3.2808
Meters
Feet
0.3048
35.315
Cubic meters
Cubic feet
0.0283
2.2046
Kilograms
0.0009842
Kilograms
0.9842 2.4998
0.45359
Metric tons (1000 kgs.)
Long tons (2240 lbs.)
1.016
Metric tons / cm
Long tons / inch
(of immersion)
(of immersion)
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1016.047
Long tons x feet
Moment to change trim one centimeter
Moment to change trim one inch
Meters x radians
Feet x degrees
0.0053 0.0283
35.316
Cubic meters
Cubic feet
35.8795
Cubic meters / M. tons
Cubic feet / Long tons
To obtain
To convert from
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0.4
Metric tons x meters
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187.9767
Pounds
Long tons (2240 lbs.)
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8.2014
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Multiply by
0.122
0.0278709 Multiply by
RELATIONS BETWEEN WEIGHT AND VOLUME 10 mm cubed
= 1 cubed centimeter
1 cubic centimeter of fresh water (S.G. 1.0)
= 1 gram
1000 cubic centimeters of fresh water (S.G. 1.0)
= 1 Kilogram
1 cubic meter of fresh water (S.G. 1.0)
= 1 Metric ton
1 cubic meter of sea water (S.G. 1.025)
= 1.025 Metric tons
1 Metric ton of sea water (S.G. 1.025)
= 0.975 cubic meters
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4. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR THE CARRIAGE OF GRAIN
4.1.
DEFINITIONS
The term grain includes wheat, maize (corn), oats, rye, barley, rice, pulses, seeds and processed forms thereof, whose behavior is similar to that of grain in its natural state. The term filled compartment, trimmed refers to any cargo space in which, after loading and trimming the bulk grain is at its highest possible level.
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The term filled compartment, untrimmed refers to any cargo space which is filled to the maximum extent possible in way of the hatch opening but which has not been trimmed outside the periphery of the hatch opening. The term partly filled compartment refers to, any compartment in which the grain is not loaded in the manner described above.
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The term angle of flooding (θf) refers to an angle of heel at which openings in the hull, superstructures or deckhouses, which cannot be closed weathertight, immerse. In applying this definition, small openings through which progressive flooding cannot take place need not be considered as open.
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The term stowage factor, for the purposes of calculating the grain heeling moment caused by a shift of grain, means the volume per unit weight of the cargo as attested by the loading facility, i.e. no allowances shall be made for lost space when the cargo space is nominally filled.
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The term specially suitable compartment refers to a cargo space which is constructed with at least two vertical or sloping, longitudinal, grain-tight divisions which are coincident with the hatch side girders or are so positioned as to limit the effect of any transverse shift of grain. If sloping, the divisions shall have an inclination of not less than 30o to the horizontal. 4.2.
STOWAGE OF BULK GRAIN
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All necessary and reasonable trimming shall be performed to level all free grain surfaces and to minimize the effect of grain shifting. In any filled compartment, trimmed, the bulk grain shall be trimmed so as to fill all spaces under the decks and hatch covers to the maximum extent possible. In any filled compartment, untrimmed, the bulk grain shall be filled to the maximum extent possible in way of the hatch opening but may be at its natural angle of repose outside the periphery of the hatch opening. If there is no bulk grain or other cargo above a lower cargo space containing grain, the hatch covers shall be secured in an approved manner having regard to the mass and permanent arrangements provided for securing such covers.
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When bulk grain is stowed on top of closed ‘tween-deck hatch covers which are not graintight, such covers shall be made grain-tight by taping the joints, covering the entire hatchway with tarpaulins or separation cloths, or other suitable means. After loading, all free surfaces in “partly filled compartments” shall be level. Unless account is taken of the adverse heeling effect due to the grain shift according to the Code, the surface of the bulk grain in any partly filled compartment shall be secured so as to prevent a grain shift by overstowing, strapping or lashing.
4.3.
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Lower cargo spaces and ‘tween-deck spaces in way thereof may be loaded as one compartment provided that, in calculating transverse heeling moments, proper account is taken of the flow of grain into the lower spaces. OVERSTOWING ARRANGEMENTS
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Where bagged grain or other suitable cargo is utilized for the purpose of securing partly filled compartments, the free grain surface shall be covered with a separation cloth or equivalent or by a suitable platform. Such platforms shall consist of bearers spaced not more than 1.2 meters apart and 25 mm boards laid thereon spaced not more than 100 mm apart. Platforms may be constructed of other materials provided are deemed by an Administration to be equivalent. The platform or separation cloth shall be topped off with bagged grain tightly stowed and extending to a height of not less than one sixteenth of the maximum breadth of the free grain surface or 1.2 meters, whichever is the greater.
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The bagged grain shall be carried in sound bags, which shall be well filled and securely closed.
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Instead of bagged grain, other suitable cargo exerting at least the same pressure as bagged grain may be used. 4.4.
STRAPPING OR LASHING
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When, in order to eliminate heeling moments in partly filled compartments, strapping or lashing is utilized, the securing shall be accomplished as follows: 1.
The grain shall be trimmed and leveled to the extent that it is very slightly crowned and covered with burlap separation cloths, tarpaulins or the equivalent.
2.
The separation, cloths and/or tarpaulins shall overlap by at least 1.8 meters.
3.
Two solid floors of rough 25 mm x 150 mm to 300 mm lumber shall be laid with the top floor running longitudinally and nailed to an athwartships bottom floor. Alternatively, one solid floor of 50 mm lumber, running longitudinally and nailed over the top of a 50 mm bottom bearer not less than 150 mm wide, may be used. The bottom bearers shall extend the full breadth of the compartment and shall be spaced not more than 2.4 meters apart. Arrangements utilizing other materials and deemed by the Administration to be equivalent to the foregoing may be accepted.
4.
Steel wire rope (19 mm diameter or equivalent), doubled steel strapping (50 mm x 1.3 mm and having a breaking load of at least 49 kN), or chain of equivalent
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strength, each of which shall be set tight by means of a 32 mm turnbuckle, may be used for lashings. A winch tightener, used in conjunction with a locking arm, may be substituted for the 32 mm turnbuckle when steel strapping is used, provided suitable wrenches are available for setting up as necessary. When steel strapping is used, not less than three crimp seals shall be used for securing the ends. When wire rope is used, not less than four clips shall be used for forming eyes in the lashings. Prior to the completion of loading the lashings shall be positively attached to the framing at a point approximately 450 mm below the anticipated final grain surface by means of either a 25 mm shackle or beam clamp of equivalent strength.
6.
The lashings shall be spaced not more than 2.4 meters apart and each shall be supported by a bearer nailed over the top of the fore and aft floor. This bearer shall consist of lumber not less than 25 mm x 150 mm or its equivalent and shall extend the full breadth of the compartment.
7.
During the voyage the strapping shall be regularly inspected and set up where necessary.
4.5.
SECURING WITH WIRE MESH
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When, in order to eliminate heeling moments in partly filled compartments, strapping or lashing is utilized, the securing may, as an alternative to the method described above, be accomplished as follows: The grain shall be trimmed and leveled to the extent that it is very slightly crowned along the fore and aft centreline of the compartment.
2.
The entire surface of the grain shall be covered with burlap separation cloths, tarpaulins or the equivalent. The covering material shall have a tensile strength of not less than 1.344 N per 5 cm strip.
3.
Two layers of wire reinforcement mesh shall be laid on top of the burlap or other covering. The bottom layer is to be laid athwartships and the top layer is to be laid longitudinally. The lengths of wire mesh are to be overlapped at least 75 mm. The top layer of mesh is to be positioned over the bottom layer in such a manner that the squares formed by the alternate layers measure approximately 75 mm x 75 mm. The wire reinforcement mesh is the type used in reinforced concrete construction. It is fabricated of 3 mm diameter steel wire having a breaking strength of not less than 52 kN/cm2 welded in 150 mm x 150 mm squares. Wire mesh having mill scale may be used but mesh having loose, flaking rust may not be used.
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1.
4.
The boundaries of the wire mesh, at the port and starboard side of the compartment, shall be retained by wood planks 150 mm x 50 mm.
5.
Hold-down lashings, running from side to side across the compartment, shall be spaced not more than 2.4 meters apart except that the first and the last lashing shall not be more than 300 mm from the forward or after bulkhead, respectively. Prior to the completion of the loading, each lashing shall be positively attached to the framing at a point approximately 450 mm below the anticipated final grain surface by means of either a 25 mm shackle or beam clamp of equivalent strength.
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The lashings shall be led from this point over the top of the boundary plank which has the function of distributing the downward pressure exerted by the lashing. Two layers of 150 mm x 25 mm planks shall be laid athwartships centered beneath each lashing and extending the full breadth of the compartment. The hold-down lashings shall consist of steel wire rope (19 mm diameter or equivalent), doubled steel strapping (50 mm x 1.3 mm and having a breaking load of at least 49 kN), or chain of equivalent strength, each of which shall be set tight by means of a 32 mm turnbuckle. A winch tightener, used in conjunction with a locking arm, may be substituted for the 32 mm turnbuckle when steel strapping is used, provided suitable wrenches are available for setting up as necessary. When steel strapping is used, not less than three crimp seals shall be used for securing the ends. When wire rope is used, not less than four clips shall be used for forming eyes in the lashings.
7.
During the voyage the strapping shall be regularly inspected and set up where necessary.
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5. CALCULATION OF VOLUMETRIC HEELING MOMENTS
FILLED COMPARTMENTS, TRIMMED
5.2.
FILLED COMPARTMENTS, UNTRIMMED
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PARTLY FILLED COMPARTMENTS
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5.3.
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6. STABILITY REQUIREMENTS
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7. NOTES ON THE EFFECTS OF FREE SURFACES
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8. USE OF ALLOWABLE HEELING MOMENTS TABLES
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9. CAPACITIES AND CENTERS OF HOLDS AND TANKS
LOCATION
CAPACITY 100% FULL (CUBIC METERS)
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WATER BALLAST TANKS S.G. = 1.025
L.C.G.
V.C.G.
(METERS)
(METERS)
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TOTAL
(FRAME NUMBER)
CAPACITY 100% FULL (CUBIC METERS)
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LOCATION CARGO HOLDS (incl. Hatches)
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(FRAME NUMBER)
SUBTOTAL TOTAL
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WEIGHT
L.C.G.
(METRIC TONS)
METERS
V.C.G.
FREE SURFACE MOMENT METERS (METERS^4)
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LOCATION VOID SPACES S.G. = 1.025
(FRAME NUMBER)
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CAPACITY 100% FULL (CUBIC METERS)
WEIGHT
L.C.G.
(METRIC TONS)
METERS
V.C.G.
FREE SURFACE MOMENT METERS (METERS^4)
SUBTOTAL
(FRAME NUMBER)
CAPACITY 100% FULL (CUBIC METERS)
M
TOTAL
LOCATION
LOCATION (FRAME NUMBER)
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FUEL OIL TANKS S.G. = 0.970
WEIGHT
L.C.G.
(METRIC TONS)
METERS
V.C.G.
FREE SURFACE MOMENT METERS (METERS^4)
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FRESH WATER TANKS S.G. = 1.000
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TOTAL
SUBTOTAL TOTAL
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CAPACITY 100% FULL (CUBIC METERS)
WEIGHT 90% FULL (METRIC TONS)
L.C.G. METERS
V.C.G.
FREE SURFACE MOMENT METERS (METERS^4)
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DIESEL OIL TANKS S.G. = 0.900
LOCATION (FRAME NUMBER)
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CAPACITY 100% FULL (CUBIC METERS)
WEIGHT 90% FULL (METRIC TONS)
LOCATION
CAPACITY 100% FULL (CUBIC METERS)
L.C.G. METERS
V.C.G.
FREE SURFACE MOMENT METERS (METERS^4)
TOTAL
LUBE OIL TANKS S.G. = 0.900
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TOTAL
LOCATION (FRAME NUMBER)
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MISCELLANEOUS TANKS
TOTAL
METERS
V.C.G.
FREE SURFACE MOMENT METERS (METERS^4)
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(FRAME NUMBER)
L.C.G.
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CAPACITY 100% FULL (CUBIC METERS)
L.C.G. METERS
V.C.G.
FREE SURFACE MOMENT METERS (METERS^4)
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10. LOADING CONDITIONS
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MT MT MT MT MT MT MT MT m m (-by bow) m (- mid +) m m m MT x m m m MT x m MT x m % max % max
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Light Ship Cargo Ballast Fresh Water Bunkers Constants Deadweight Displacement dm t LCG VCG KM GM FSM VCGo GoM Heeling Moment AHM SF BM Intact Stability
Units
M
Item
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SUMMARY TABLE OF LOADING CONDITIONS
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APPENDIX
HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS ....................................................................................... 63 CROSS CURVES OF STABILITY ..................................................................................... 66 DOWNFLOODING ANGLE CURVE .................................................................................. 67 FRAME SPACING TABLE ................................................................................................. 68 GRAIN TABULAR DATA FOR COMPARTMENTS ........................................................... 72 ALLOWABLE HEELING MOMENTS ................................................................................. 80
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GRAIN LOADING STABILITY CALCULATION EXAMPLE ............................................... 81 GRAIN LOADING STABILITY CALCULATION FORM ...................................................... 83
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PLAN SHOWING ARRANGEMENT OF HOLDS AND TANKS ......................................... 85
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HYDROSTATIC PARTICULARS
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CROSS CURVES OF STABILITY
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DOWNFLOODING ANGLE CURVE
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FRAME SPACING TABLE
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GRAIN TABULAR DATA FOR COMPARTMENTS
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ALLOWABLE HEELING MOMENTS
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GRAIN LOADING STABILITY CALCULATION EXAMPLE
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GRAIN LOADING STABILITY CALCULATION FORM
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PLAN SHOWING ARRANGEMENT OF HOLDS AND TANKS
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