Henry Croker 2020 Portfolio
Master of Architecture Liverpool School of Art and Design
About Me Since moving to the UK from the Netherlands, I have always keenly compared what works in each culture’s architectural approach to housing, public realms and community. As a student at LJMU, I have had the opportunity to explore these approaches primarily in the realm of dense high quality housing solutions. After working at 1618 Architects for nearly 2 years, the modules at LJMU have allowed me to further solidify my ethic and techniques in regards to designing spaces, structure, integrating technology and applying theory. My primary focus in housing, community and urban design lay the groundwork for projects of interest going forward. My previous experiences and newfound skills from LJMU are elements I am eager to apply and explore in practice, whether it be in the UK or abroad.
Contents MArch Year 2: Thesis - Theatre of Velocity
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MArch Year 2: Urban Design 2 - Chester Connect
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MArch Year 2: Live Project - Everton Library
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--MArch Year 1: Housing Project - Density & Quality MArch Year 1: Specialist Study - Authenticity: Tatton Park’s Japanese Gardens MArch Year 1: Urban Design 1 - Bridging the Basin Curriculum Vitae & Contact
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Thesis Project: Theatre of Velocity
Date: 2020 - MArch 2 Semester 2 Location: Chester Racecourse Project Description: With animal welfare becoming an increasingly relevant topic in the 21st Century, the popularity of Chester’s horse racing venue has led to critique and speculation from charities and welfare organisations, primarily the RSPCA. The horses are accommodated in claustrophobic environments upon terrain unsuitable for their hooves. The scheme introduces a dedicated pre-race preparation and post/race recovery facility to the venue, allowing for horses to enjoy an architectural space which resonates with their natural habitats and comforts.
Additionally, the scheme also introduces further spectator facilities in the form of spectator stands and private hire booths. This Thesis Project and the associated Urban Design 2 Project resonate hand in hand, integrating architectural and urban elements to introduce a holistic regeneration to the City of Chester.
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Thesis Project: Theatre of Velocity The scheme looks to connect three existing elements to create a connective node with with multiple purposes. These elements are in the form of vectors and includes an existing industrial era railway viaduct, dual carriageway road, and race track. The building will connect to each of these, utilising them so that the scheme interacts with them internally and externally. Spectators will be elevated nearly 6m above the racetrack level, allowing for advantage views and for a safe space for racehorses on the Ground Floor.
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Primarily dedicated to the covered space dedicated to pre-race and post-race horses, the Ground Floor also hosts the scheme’s primary entrance lobby and a significant external space which makes up a public realm. By removing the existing parking facilities, the site allows for pedestrianisation and encourages access by public transport.
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This floor provides a bridge to connect to a newly proposed train station as designed through the Urban Design 2 module. Here visitors can enter the lobby at the First Floor. The rest of the floor is dedicated to spectatorship, betting, drinking and eating.
First Floor -
With emphasis on elevated spectatorship, the Second Floor provides access to the upper level of the spectatorship. The introduction of covered spectatorship is also introduced in a laminated timber structure, which contrasts the concrete construction basis.
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A physical model to visually connect the scheme to the surrounding urban design allows differences in height and mass to be appreciated. This also allowed for calculations to be made to ensure racegoers are experiencing the most advantageous views of the race track. The model further proves the physical connection to the proposed railway station on the existing railway viaduct, assisting in the assurance that the levels had been calculated efficiently and accurately.
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Internal Lobby – First Floor Emphasis on views of Chester and other proposed elements as introduced through urban design. Grid highlights emphasise the connection the structural grid system and the scheme’s layout dynamic. This further allows appreciation of the scheme’s form and structure from both internal and external viewpoints. As a conceptual study, further studies introduce defined materiality and purpose.
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The footbridge connects the proposed railway station to the First Floor lobby of the proposed scheme. Whilst this creates a connection between these two bodies, it also looks to contrast them in regards to materiality. This allows the footbridge to form its own identity without seeming out of place. Additionally, the scheme naturally creates a covered arcade route which connects and arch of the viaduct to the scheme’s Ground Floor lobby. This provides the opportunity for market stalls to provide food and drink services to racegoers when outside.
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By exploring activity within the public realm during the night, the introduction of artificial lighting can be explored. Artificial lighting can transform a space completely. In addition to utilising lighting to allow people to see the space during the night, the positioning and locations of the lights can create visual guided routes which can guide pedestrians across the public realm without obstruction. As seen in the right image, interaction with racehorses allows for a significant purpose of the public realm, allowing pedestrians and visitors to peacefully interact with recovering horses.
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Usage and design of the public realm is further influenced by the rhythm and form of the opening arches of the existing railway viaduct. As shown below, each opening leads to a different space. The left-most arch leads to a route which directly takes guides pedestrians to the City of Chester. The middle arch leads directly to the route beneath the footbridge, allowing visitors to experience the market stalls. The right-most arch leads to the open air public realm which includes restaurants, retail and interaction with racehorses.
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The scheme is primarily a reinforced concrete structure. As a design feature which is designed to contrast the existing racecourse facilities, the concrete has been designed to be a prominent feature. This means much of the structure is exposed on elevations, internal finishes, and the spectator stands.
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The space beneath the spectator stands allows for a service and maintenance void, used for storage of water collection, electric distribution and water boilers for heating systems.
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1100
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Steel parapet cover
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12.5mm Plasterboard (x2)
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Continuous damp-proof membrane
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100mm Timber Baton/Sound Insulation
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60mm screed layer
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100mm Concrete cladding panel system 260
Floor finish with baton support system
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300mm Reinforced concrete floor slab
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Continuous reinforced concrete support beam
Steel wall to ceiling attachment device
Coated aluminium door frame
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4. Floor finish with baton support system 350
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Slab connection system
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Underfloor sound insulation
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Continuous reinforced concrete support beam
215 675
215x100mm blockwork
215 215
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Coated aluminium door frame
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Glazed Balcony System - 1100mm height. Balustrade system fixed to continuous parapet which bookends screed and floor finish. Balustrade has stainless steel handrail. 200mm high continuous parapet, directly attached to balustrade system Continuous 300x175 reinforced support beam for edge of slab.
5. 125 200 215x100mm blockwork 50mm300 Cavity, 50mm thermal insulation
215 215 215 60 300
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Underfloor sound insulation 70
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Underfloor 125 thermal insulation
200connection system Slab
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500mm ridged reinforced concrete slab
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Floor finish with baton support system
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500mm ridged reinforced concrete slab 260
60mm Screed only floor finish for service/ maintenance space
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1500x360mm reinforced concrete beam 1500 1100
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Safety railing Continuous damp proof membrane
Enforced support beam 150
Pre-cast concrete spectator stand system
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Pre-cast concrete spectator stand system
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Continuous support beam for stands
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2x Continuous precast concrete support beam to support stands and live load Safety railing Drainage System (Sloped ply surface beneath tiles) Enforced support beam Blockwork supported wall, clad with precast concrete panel (w. Insulation + Cavity)
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Zinc frame glazed door
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Damp proof membrane and drainage system
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Floor upon baton system. Insulation above the floor slab due to open air space on Ground Floor. Continuous precast concrete beam
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The form and the massing of the scheme resonates heavily with its purpose. Through experience and discourse, many racegoers associate a diagonal elevation with stepped levels, which communicates the nature and purpose of the spectator stands and elevated private hire booths. The slanted roof of the entrance lobby communicates the vertical traversal within. Finally, the level of the First Floor is directly influenced by the level of the existing railway viaduct, and allows for minimal interference when connecting the station to the First Floor lobby.
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Incoming rainfall
Collected rainwater runs down sloped surfaces and guided towards the tank
Rainwater collection tank stored beneath spectator stands
Sunlight directly enters scheme on all South facing elevations Sunlight directly projected on concrete surface allows for passive thermal mass Boiler for artificial heating stored within void Radiators built into the floor allows for heat to be introduced from lowest level 30
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Significant noise originates from spectators and racegoers. This is an unavoidable feature of the scheme
Internal noise dampened by use of suspended cork panels Ground Floor Space where racehorses can recover and remove themselves from crowd noises
Stale air exits scheme through mechanical opening rooflight
Stale air collected and removed through method of stack ventilation
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Entrance Lobby The first internal space that visitors will experience is the primary entrance lobby, which can be accessed on multiple sides. The visible surrounding routes notify visitors of both horizontal and vertical traversal, and the furnishings and reception desk suggest that the space can be utilised to wait and meet for friends before purchasing race tickets.
Horse Gallery This space has a large glazed feature which provides extensive views throughout the horse preparation and recovery zones.
First Floor Entrance (direct connection to Train Station) When entering the scheme from the Train Station on the First Floor, the glazing exposing external views are increased, allowing visitors to view significant Urban Design elements and the existing racecourse facilities from an elevated view.
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First Floor Lobby Although a visual feature in itself, the entrance lobby has a significant area of external glazing. This allows for extensive views of the external public realm which visitors would have passed through to enter the building. Extensive natural light enters the scheme through the atrium, which acts as an internal lounge space.
Internal Spectatorship The internal spectatorship space on the Second Floor is constructed from a lightweight laminated timber structure which contrasts the concrete heavy structure. This allows for a winter garden environment where visitors can view the races internally. The laminated timber element on the second floor will primarily be constructed upon a concrete slab, however will still conform by the grid system as dictated on the floors below. The structural system won’t be clad, but will host an array of glazing so that there are unobscured views on either side of the structure. The use of a sloped timber roof resonates with the design of the scheme by allowing a higher volume of sunlight to enter the scheme.
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Reception/Ticketing Upon entering the lobby, racegoers will be able to redeem/purchase their tickets to attend the races. These tickets will give them access to the First Floor and above, where the races can be enjoyed from an elevated vantage point.
Traversal a
Traversal by Stair Traversal by stair/elevator
Internal Spectatorship The Second Floor internal spectatorship area allows racegoers to observe the races indoors within a lightweight laminated timber structure. The timber frame is almost entirely glazed, allowing for unobstructed views of the entire racecourse.
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Interaction with Racehorses The Ground Floor lobby has a dedicated gallery area where racegoers can observe pre-race and post-race horses. They’ll be able to spectate the horses as they prepare for the races, and watch them recover once they have crossed the finish line.
along Ground Floor
r/Elevator
External Spectatorship The Second Floor internal spectatorship area allows racegoers to observe the races indoors within a lightweight laminated timber structure. The timber frame is almost entirely glazed. Traversal from First/Second Floor
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Urban Design 2: Chester Connect
Date: 2019 - MArch 2 Semester 1 Location: Chester West Project Description: Through the utilisation of Urban Design, Chester Connect explores Chester’s history, architecture, infrastructure and activity demographics to propose a new urban realm which caters to residents, visitors and commuters.
city. This action, in addition to introducing a new train station, promotes reliance on public transport and as a result promotes air and sound quality within the city.
New residential, retail, recreational and hotel facilities accommodate the purpose of the This new urban realm not only acts as an surrounding racecourse, schools and offices. extension to the City of Chester, but also a method of influence which promotes lower traffic levels within the walled city. For instance, the four-lane dual carriageway which cuts through the area is reduced to a one way two-lane street in the proposal, meaning fewer cars will traverse through the 2020 Portfolio Henry Croker
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Urban Design 2: Chester Connect The walled City of Chester outlines a defined boundary that separates the city’s historical zone with areas outside of the wall. This naturally causes a significant divide between the areas inside and outside the walls in regards to culture, funding and convenience. The proposed scheme aims to extend the activity and attractiveness of the city centre to the segment that is West of the walled area.
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As a group, the decision to separate the urban design into various public squares was implemented to accommodate different zones of purpose. Communal and zones of mutual interest, whether it be a museum or retail unit, would influence the introduction of an open square. This allows residents and visitors to enjoy a public realm upon visiting or traversing to and from areas of interest. Other elements include traversal nodes, which act as points of interest that several route conjoin and separate. Overall, the urban design element can be separated into pockets which interact with one another as an entire entity.
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By observing the urban design element in section and elevation, height and massing connections can be determined visually. The existing railway viaduct remains a prominent feature, creating a permeable barrier which separates residential/commercial elements from the zone primarily occupied by the racecourse and sports facilities. The scheme deliberately avoids effects of overshadowing historical features, most notably the Chester City wall and its attached features.
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The final proposed scheme looks to seamlessly integrate into existing architecture and infrastructure, however looks to resurface worn roads and damaged pavements. An increase in greenery and public realms creates a sustainably attractive zone which will encourage visitors and residents within the city walls to traverse into a contemporary and enjoyable urban realm. A space at the racecourse has been reserved for the proposed thesis project, which will also connect to the proposed train station positioned on the viaduct.
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Live Project Everton Library
Date: 2019 - MArch 2 Semester 1 Location: Everton, Liverpool Project Description: The abandoned, dilapidated and decaying the region of Everton, however is still out of Everton Library Live Project allowed us as a use. group to experience an architectural project from a completely new perspective. The goal of the project was to use technology to communicate the building in it’s existing Deemed dangerous and inaccessible, how state and emphasise its historical relevance. were we able to explore a building that we Using 3D scanning and VR, in addition to couldn’t visit or enter? videos, we were able to create a digital space that can allow a person to traverse around The goal of the project was to encourage the building without needing to physically and influence the local Council to fund and visit. approve plans to complete renovate and reopen the library. The library’s historic appearance and rich past has allowed the library to stand tall as a famous landmark in 2020 Portfolio Henry Croker
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Live Project Everton Library
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The use of VR technology allowed us to guide our client body around the inaccessible building from the safety of the university facilities. By either standing and walking, or by keyboard navigation, the user of the VR headset would be able to traverse around the 3D digital spaces. The building’s floors, walls and staircases had to be solidified to allow horizontal and vertical traversal. Additional effects, such as sound clips and atmospheric additions allowed for further immersion and realism. This would ultimately allow the client body to share the existing building to third parties without the need for them to visit.
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Digital spaces can be viewed and altered by use of graphics software. The entire 3D building can be observed externally, allowing one to comprehend the space from an angle that would be impossible in reality. These digital spaces can be altered to create potential design ideas. The model can be exported into 3D models or images, which can then consequentially altered to communicate proposals and design processes. Ultimately, the goal of the project was to communicate the building in its existing state to emphasise its grandeur, scale and historical relevance.
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Housing Project Density & Quality
Concept Section Date: 2019 - MArch 1 Semester 2 Location: Sefton, Liverpool Project Description: With the UK’s population constantly increasing, and the desire to live within the urban environment has driven demand for the construction of dense dwelling housing solutions within inner and outer city suburbs. This demand can usually result in the compromise of quality in order to deliver solutions quickly.
aspect, high quality homes. Each dwelling provides views over the adjacent canal, and are each accessible through a communal pedestrian courtyard that drowns out noise from the busy dual carriageway road.
scheme is also denser than the surrounding neighbourhoods, creating a density of 90 properties per hectare compared to the surrounding 55 properties per hectare.
The arrangement of properties allows for three-storey homes to directly interact with apartments, and apartments to interact with By exploring what a limited build space subterranean homes which still have views is capable of, the proposed architectural and ground level garden space. solution creates a dynamic scheme which challenges the connection between dense The final result provides 4 types of property, and low quality housing. The result is a each of different size and shape, creating scheme which provides spacious, dual 42 individual units for 136 individuals. The 2020 Portfolio Henry Croker
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Housing Project Density & Quality
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The proposed housing scheme creates a dynamic street scene by splaying each property 45 degrees from the street line. This allows for the dual aspect nature of each home, and creates an interesting environment for occupiers, pedestrians and road users. The rhythm created resonates with traditional housing patterns found throughout the area. The overhangs also allow for wider pedestrian access, and larger internal floor areas for the occupants.
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Production of this 1:50 plywood model communicates 2 of the 4 typologies, showing how two family houses interact with one another. Whilst remaining dual aspect and still providing gardens, these properties use space with significant efficiency in comparison to surrounding homes. There is also emphasis on the timber structure used. The top floor space has a timber frame feature roof which includes exposed timber structure. The form of the roof itself can be appreciated internally, creating a visually interesting living space.
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Type 4
Type 2 WC
Dining Bedroom
Bedroom
Study/ Bedroom
Living
Bedroom
Bedroom
Living
WC WC
WC
WC
WC
Living
Bedroom
Terrace
Terrace
WC Living
Terrace
WC Bedroom Bedroom
Type 1
Utilities Terrace
Type 3
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These plans and axonometrics have been arranged to communicate each property type’s positioning and interaction between one another. The 4 property types each appeal to a different demographic: Type 1: 2B-4P Ideal for multiple couples/ family Type 2: 1B-2P Ideal for individual/couple Type 3: 2B-3P Ideal for couple w. spare room Type 4: 3B-4P Ideal for family 2020 Portfolio Henry Croker
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Roof 1. Roof sloped to rainwater outlet gutter 2. Single ply membrane carries over parapet 3. Powder coated aluminium edge trim 4. Decorate powder coated zinc panelling 5. Single play membrane with DPM 6. Timber frame structure
9 7. 100mm Rockwool insulation 8. 100mm space for electronics and services 9. Exposed architectural timber frame 10. Timber roof support beam
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External Wall 11. 102.5mm brickwork through to 12.5mm plasterboard (as seen on axonometric breakdown) 12. Timber frame Glazing and Windows 13. Cavity close (above and below each window) 14. DPM moisture collection 15. Insulation to prevent cold bridging 16. Aluminium openable window system (RAL 7030 powder coated frame) 17. Glazing (Double glazed, tinted with low-emissivity coating) 18. Aluminium window external threshold sill 19. Decorative stone external sill (2 brick courses) 20. MDF Square sill board
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Internal Floor 21. MDF skirting 22. 15mm carpet over 15mm timber play panels 23. 100mm acoustic insulation 24. 150mm opening for electronics and services 25. 75x250 timber joists at 575mm centres 26. Plasterboard ceiling Overhang 27. 15mm carpet over 15mm timber play panels 28. 200mm thermal insulation Rockwool 29. 75x250 timber joists at 575mm centres 30. Single play membrane with DPM 31. Architectural timber panelling for decoration Railing and Steps 32. Galvanised steel balustrade 33. Concrete steps
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Ground Floor 34. 15mm carpet over 15mm timber ply panels 35. 25mm screed layer 36. 250mm concrete slab 37. 50mm screed layer 38. 200mm hard-core slab 39. Blockwork structure introduced (to Foundation) 40. Relocated earth 41. Timber Overhang Column
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1. 12.5mm Plasterboard 2. (neg) Damp Proof Membrane 3. 140mm Timber Stud Wall with integrated 140mm Rockwool Insulation 4. 9mm Sterling Board 5. (neg) Thermal Insulation 6. 50mm Cavity 7. 102.5mm Brickwork
In s
External Wall Composition (315mm) (From inside to outside)
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Exposed Timber Roof Structure The exposed timber roof structure allows for appreciation of the exposed architecture. The structure follows a rhythm which spans the entire roof which attaches to the hidden timber frame. The frame allows the support for a roof system which includes two reflected triangular planes.
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The internal structure of communicate visual apprec The spaces a allow for cust and decoratio allows for a v the living spa
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The highlight large glazed e of the adjacen of Liverpool’s
l design allows for the f the scheme to be ed internally, allowing for ciation of the architecture. are primarily open plan to tom furniture arrangement on. A timber baton screen visual separation between ace and the kitchen area.
ts of the space include the elements, providing views nt canal with the backdrop s CBD.
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Specialist Study - Authenticity: Tatton Park’s Japanese Gardens
By utilising the Japanese Gardens at Tatton Park as a primary case study, the dissertation specialist study explores the rich culture, strict guidelines and geographical relevance of Japenese gardens. The piece discusses and argues authenticity of Japanese gardens constructed outside of Japan, and also delves into contemporary Japan based gardens being built today. It is key to acknowledge that it is written that truly authentic Japanese gardens can only exist within Japan. Arguments exploring how a garden outside of Japan can be authentic arise, discussing how the involvement of 70
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qualified Japanese landscape architects consider foreign gardens to still qualify as legitimate. This also questions Japan based gardens that significantly diverge from tradition, yet can still be considered authentic.
By breaking down the Tatton Park Japanese garden by layout, features, function and plant life, the dissertation concludes that the authenticity of the space is subjective based on a visitor’s cultural background, emotions and other discourses. The garden is communicated in the report through my own photography, in addition to historical photographs taken from various sources. Also included are illustrations exploring the design and layouts of other gardens.
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Urban Design 1: Bridging the Basin
Date: 2018 - MArch 1 Semester 1 Location: Ellesmere Port Docks Project Description: The Bridging the Basin Urban Design Project set out the goal to emphasise the appeal of the Ellesmere Port Docks by introducing a new regenerative scheme.
An existing railway line is re-utilised into a shuttle tram system, allowing access by tram into a proposed interchange. This also promotes further public transport access.
The already picturesque docks are neighboured by a significantly unattractive industrial water based distribution unit, thus creating unpleasant sights, smells and noise pollution. The scheme replaces this land, and connects it to the docklands and other infrastructure.
As for the purposes of the scheme itself, the introduction of residential, commercial, retail and recreational units create an urban environment which fully embraces the adjacent canal for visual and interactive aspects. Central public realms allows for open spaces for enjoyment, food and drink, and water based activities.
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Urban Design 1: Bridging the Basin
The proposed Urban Design looks to introduce an array of new schemes, whilst still respecting and celebrating existing elements. The existing lighthouse building is Grade II listed and sits at the corner of the site. This building is celebrated through a high street retail vista that runs to and from it, essentially allowing the lighthouse to influence the majority of the scheme’s layout. With the site having significant adjacent water features on multiple sides, the element of water is present as decorative urban features to allow the visual appeal of water to resonate throughout the scheme.
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Development of the public realm which acts as a central focal point allows further emphasis on the atmosphere and scale of the urban design. The public realm uses a multitude of levels to allow for water features, primarily waterfalls, to run between them. The sound of the water introduces an audible connection between visitors and the relevance of water features to the site. A dedicated tram station at the site allows the realm to be utilised as a point of entry for visitors and commuters. The direct route to the canal side museum and cafe/restaurant provides an attractive waterfront scene which the public realm compliments.
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Curriculum Vitae Henry Croker
Contact mobile (+44) 7736319373 email - henry.croker@ntlworld.com linkedin linkedin.com/in/henry-croker-12456a110
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education
Liverpool John Moores University September 2018 – June 2020 Master’s Degree in Architecture Sheffield Hallam University September 2013 – June 2016 Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture & Environmental Design VIA University Horsens, Denmark January 2015 – July 2015 (4th Semester) Architecture and Architectural Technology
work experience
1618 Architects, Altrincham, Greater Manchester December 2016 – September 2018 RIBA Part I Architectural Assistant
Projects primarily based in London and Manchester. Community, religious, residential & retail. Renovations of Grade II listed buildings. Working on all stages from concept to completion.
Waterson’s Estate Agents, Hale, Cheshire August 2018 – present
Communication and consultation with clients and buyers. Discussion of unbuilt approved schemes with potential buyers and landlords. Conducting further administrative roles & property viewings. Further employment history available on request
software skills
AutoCAD:
Advanced
Photoshop:
Advanced
Revit:
Very Good
Indesign:
Good
Sketchup:
Basic
skills and personal interests
easy going / team worker / ambitious / adaptive / committed / responsible / focused cinema / coffee / art / illustration / swimming
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