Faulkner, Hannah

PEDESTRIAN + CYCLE PATH

GATED RIVATE RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY

AFTER : PUBLIC SQUARE

RESIDENTIAL AREA

LANDSCAPING Portfolio 2020

HANNAH FAULKNER Masters

of

Liverpool School

Architecture of

Art

and

Design

ST D OMI N

GO R D

PROPOSED SCHEME HEY

WO

RTH

S

HOTEL AREA

PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL AREA OVERPOWERED BY

BEFORE: PUBLIC FOOD

ABOUT ME...

My name is Hannah Faulkner. I am 25 years old and have recently completed my Masters in Architecture at Liverpool John Moores University.

I am a hardworking person who is committed to any given job. I am a quick learner who is competitive and well organised, and I always endeavour to give my best. I am passionate about gaining new experiences and I am always striving to learn and develop new skills.

My creativity and passion for art, design and graphics allows me the ability to turn new and imaginative ideas into a reality. My previous education and work experience has allowed me to further develop my drawing and programming

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skills along with my ability to negotiate, compromise, and clearly present ideas. This has allowed me to contribute and work effectively within a variety of teams. I am a driven individual who flourishes working within small and large teams, as well as independently, in a professional and public environment. I pride myself on excellent time management skills which I utilise to prioritise my workload to ensure deadlines are always met. I am also able to visualise, articulate and solve complex problems, resolving them with practical solutions.

PHONE: 07984585921 EMAIL: hfaulkner95@outlook.com

CONTENTS...

Thesis Project: Living on the Edge - A Holistic Living Retreat, Chester

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Urban Design Project 2: Chester - Urban Regeneration

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Live Project: Everton Library - Management Practce and Law

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Housing Project: All Mod Cons

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Specialist Study: Ronan Point - A Prefabricated Disaster

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Urban Design Project 2: Ellesmere Port - Rebuilding Communities

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Urban Design Individual Project: Ellesmere Port - Market Square 132 Curriculum Vitae 140

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Thesis Project

LIVING ON THE EDGE A H O L I S T I C L I V I N G RE T RE AT,C H E S T ER

With Cheshire West and Chester having an aging population higher than the national average, and mental health issues becoming increasingly prevalent in the area through social isolation and loneliness, this thesis is a considered proposal to ameliorate these issues, with the development of a Holistic Living retreat. Holistic living is the treatment of a person as a whole, taking into account mental and social factors. The programme intends to educate visitors on the importance of aging well and living well by implementing a holistic approach to various aspects of life i.e. environment, nutrition, sleep + recovery, mind, and activity.

The project will also provide a new public attraction for Chester and help boost rural tourism by providing

cultural and heritage activities for the public to take part in. The scheme intends to focus on older generations who are at risk of health issues and loneliness, with the public aspect of the project hoping to encourage intergenerational relationships.

The project also promotes greener living, a topic that has gained greater credence in today’s society and is a way of living that goes hand in hand with wellbeing.

Located on the edge of River Dee’s riverbank, the site’s close proximity to woodland and wetland hopes to provide a place of escape for people struggling with everyday life.

This thesis focuses on one building specifically that functions as the programme’s ‘nutritional building’, educating visitors on ways to appreciate and utilise nature through the growing, harvesting and production of fresh ingredients that can in turn be used for natural remedies and healthy nutrition.

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CHESTER

This project is based in Chester, a walled city in Cheshire, North West England. The chosen site of interest for this thesis project is the parcel of land seen in the masterplan that branches across the River Dee and sits along the edge of Chester’s existing golf course. This more rural strip of land along the waterfront provides a thesis opportunity of cultural offering.

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cheshire

The only parameters this site provides is its existing ecology and the fact that it is partially floodplain.

These characteristics offer a difficult but interesting site to develop on and calls for an innovative and sensitive design solution to make a development project viable.

Chester Train Station

Liverpool Road

Sealand Road

Northgate Arena 8 mins

Taylor’s Boatyard 12 mins Bus Interchange 7 mins

The Cop 15 mins

Water Tower 10 mins

River Dee Chester Golf Course 18 mins

Town Hall

Sea Cadets 14 mins

Foregate Street

Roman Amphitheatre 7 mins

Chester R ace Course 12 mins

Grosvenor Museum 6 mins

Grosvenor Road

Shotton Train Station

Trails

Bicycle friendly zones

Dedicated lanes

P

Parking

SITE: Edge of Chester Golf Club, fronting onto the

River Dee

- Context plan -

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The site has two edges, a woodland edge, and a wetland edge. Given the Holistic Living programme the development intends to encompass, it is important for the proposal to stitch as delicately into its woodland surrounding as possible and create a strong connection to the River Dee. As there are no major parameters on the existing site, it would be suitable to propose a controlled depth to

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any development, so it does not encroach too much onto the golf course. Instead the development should expand in a linear direction, stretching north to south along the edge of the site.

Site plan showing proposed thesis project stitched into Urban Design Masterplan

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Given the secluded and natural characteristics of the site, a Holistic Living Retreat was a well suited programme proposal for this project. Holistic living not only reflects the site’s nature and location, it also connects to the concept of greener living.

Holistic living considers all aspects of life and looks at ways to live better through the adoption of mindfulness, meditation, organic ingredients, sustainability, alternative medicines, and many more of the sort. Such a lifestyle takes on the approach of ‘going back to basics’ in order to live a kinder and more compassionate life that betters both yourself and the environment.

The layout was informed by the water’s edge and proposes a mass of cluster buildings to break up the impact on the site. The ‘cluster’ concept ties in nicely to the proposed ‘Holistic Living Circle’ programme, where each of the five functions have been allocated their own specific buildings that sit throughout the site. By dividing up the programmatic needs of holistic living and allocating them their own clusters, it allows the smaller buildings to be delicately placed amongst the surrounding vegetation, having minimal impact on any existing trees and minimal need for re-grading the site.

For this thesis project, a ‘Holistic Living Circle’ has been proposed as a programme for the development to adopt. The lifestyle circle focuses on individual topics i.e. ENVIRONMENT (by living in close proximity with water + greenery and understanding how to implement ecological recycling), NUTRITION (by eating well and cooking your own food with home grown organic ingredients), SLEEP + RECOVERY (importance of restfulness and allowing the body and mind to recover properly through the correct hours of sleep + recovery), MIND (maintaining a good positive mindset through forms of meditation and mind calming activities) and lastly, ACTIVITY (through the study of biomechanics + yoga).

It is important for any implemented programme to focus on ‘soft services’ rather than any form of clinical care, having therapeutic effects on its inhabitants and helping visitors’ mentality and inner strength. Any staff would assist retreat occupants in a holistic sense, offering help and information on exercise and relaxation therapies.

HOLISTIC LIVING - “The treatment of a person as a whole taking into account mental and social factors.”

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Diagramatical site plan showing functional location of programme

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Serial vision development sketches

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East facing site elevations (render + line)

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Health issues and loneliness are risks that come twofold with aging. Given that Chester has an increasing aging population higher than the national average, it is important to take such issues seriously.

The proposed development focusses on the promotion of positive intergenerational relationships and education on living well and aging well. “Our mental health is as important as our physical health. Poor mental health and wellbeing, including social isolation and loneliness and the stigma that surrounds these conditions, presents one of the biggest burdens of ill health for the people of

Cheshire West and Chester. Within the borough, the prevalence of diagnosed depression is higher than the England average.� (Cheshire West & Chester, 2015, pp.10)

02.

01.

Alleviate strain of increasing living costs.

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03.

Social connectivity & reduced risk of isolation.

05.

Cognitive stimulation.

Availibility of extra help & care for all ages.

- Intergenerational relationships -

- Micro study -

THE WORKER

04.

Transfer of life skills & educational lessons.

- Concept visual -

THE RETREATER

THE VISITOR

Site axonometric

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Aerial view of whole site proposal

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The intention for the ‘Nutritional’ building is to educate visitors on ways to appreciate and utilise nature through the growing, harvesting and production of fresh ingredients, and how these ingredients can in turn be used for natural remedies and healthy nutrition.

With the building being located on the southernmost (public) access point of the site, it sits on a prominent node where footfall will be high. Therefore, it is a building of high importance to the development, as for many visitors, it will be their first point of entry into the site.

Axonometric drawing of Nutritional building on site.

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The building conveys the same principles as the overall site plan, promoting greener living through the implementation of a holistic lifestyle. The building has been designed to cater for the production of organic ingredients, from growing to composting. The building also accommodates

classes and learning facilities for occupants to book onto if they wish to learn how to grow and cook food organically for themselves.

A space for a dining and drinking has also been integrated into the building, providing a public aspect to the proposal.

Internal visual of culinary classes space in Nutritional building

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Roof Plan

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01. Access to the site is via an unimposing single door that cuts subtly into the charred timber skin of the building. The greenhouse acts as a ‘beacon’ for the building, catching the attention of potential visitors from across the bridge, drawing them into the entrance point of the building. Semi-translucent polycarbonate cladding surrounds 01. the greenhouse, attaching lightly to the internal glulam timber frame. There is also an alternative access point to the site via the northern most bridge link.

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02.

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02. The internal courtyard is south facing and therefore acts as a suntrap. Once access has been gained into the courtyard space, the main entrance into the public side of the building can be seen to 02. the right, leading the visitor into the ground floor café.

03. The arcade walkway provides

03.

cover from the weather and leads you through to the building’s cut through. The cut through is intentionally narrow and tall, creating a slit like framed view of the remaining site, encouraging one to pass through the other side of the building in order to reveal the widened field of view.

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Ground Floor Plan 1. Entrance/reception (private) 2. Warm food store 3. Cold food store 4. Back of House kitchen 5.Staff wc 6. Terrace 7. Cafe

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First Floor Plan 8. Entrance (public) 9. Greenhouse 10. Herb garden 11. Culinary classes 12. Staff room 13. Front of house finishing kitchen 14. Conservatory

15. Formal dining 16. Greenhouse mezzanine 17. Viewing gallery 18. Butterfly greenhouse 19. Flexible exhibition space 20. Cooking library

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Second Floor Plan

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Elevation

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A

A

Sectional perspective

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Section

B

B

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An in-depth internal study of the Nutritional building has been carried out, focusing in on the greenhouse space + public cafe (see QR code to be linked to 360 panorama of ground floor cafe).

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3D ground floor plan of greenhouse and cafe space

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The greenhouse acts as a beacon for the nutritional building, with the intention for it to be wrapped in a polycarbonate semi-translucent faรงade. Visitors will be able to partially see any activity occurring inside the greenhouse, night or day. Inside the greenhouse,

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glulam beams act primarily as the structure, but also add to the aesthetic and experience of the internal space. The beams can also facilitate the function of the greenhouse, providing a frame for plants to climb up or for harvested food to hang off.

Sectional perspective of greenhouse

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The ‘cooker hood’ like entrance will be clad in stainless steel, creating a grander entrance that celebrates the building’s function. It juxtaposes the more hidden greenhouse entrance that is the first access point from the site’s south bridge.

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The box like greenhouse punches through the south facing gable end of the main nutritional building, ensuring a constant interactive experience and connection with itself and the visitor is present, once inside the main building.

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Cafe window framing view across the River Dee towards Chester City Centre.

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Internally, the CLT structure will be left mostly exposed (or re-clad in a similar material where exposure of the CLT structure would not be permitted). By leaving the internal palette as neutral and organic as possible, not only will it represent the organic nature of the building’s function and site’s programme, it will also allow the windows to frame and emphasize the woodland and wetland surroundings. This feature aims to remind the visitor of all the fresh food that is grown and harvested on site, providing healthy and natural resources to the user.

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Internal visuals of public cafe space

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2.

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6.

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Technical

5.

section 01

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1.

1:20 secant pile retaining wall and drainage detail

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1. Graded stone; 2. Perforated pipe; 3. Cap beam; 4. Facing concrete; 5. Blockwork; 6. Waterproofing by specialists; 7. Secant piled retaining

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wall - to be designed by Specialist 6.

Piling Subcontractor;

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1:20 basement and retaining wall detail

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1. Waterproofing by specialists; 2.

3. Insulation and cavity gap; 4. Blockwork; 5.

Reinforced concrete;

Concrete backfill up to foundation

6. Perimeter isolation joint; 7. Screed floor; 8. Insulation; 9.

formation level;

Clay pipe to allow land drain to pass through underpinning concrete.

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1:20 ridge and steel plate detail

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1. 19mm charred timber cladding, 35mm battens/cavity, vapour barrier, 80mm + 60mm thermal insulation;

2.

160mm Cross Laminated Timber roof panels stained white;

3. Profiled steel

plate fixed into pre-cut slots in rafters - plate thickness plus bolt numbers + sizes to be confirmed by Structural Engineer;

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1. Retaining wall; 2. Curb for overflow drainage; 3. Concrete pavers; 4.

Aggregate and bedding course; 5.

Perforated under drain; 6. Geo-textile; 7. Stone base; 8. Stone sub-base.

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4. 600 x 200mm glued-

laminated timber portal frame.

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1:20 permeable paving drainage detail

1:20 strip foundation detail

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1:20 window and wall build -up detail

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1. Timber window frame; 2. Openable

1. 100mm blockwork, 60mm insulation, 70mm cavity gap, 102.5mm brickwork;

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timber cladding fixed to 35 x 25mm

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battens, 35 x 25mm counter battens,

3. Riser to accommodate 4. Mechanical ventilation duct; 5. 19mm charred

ventilation ductwork;

timber cladding fixed to 35 x 25mm

vapour barrier; 3. Perimeter isolation joint;

double glazing unit bonded to frame;

2. 19mm charred

battens, 35 x 25mm counter battens,

4. Screed floor; 5. Insulation; 6.

vapour barrier, 80mm + 60mm

Reinforced concrete slab; 7. D.P.M. turned up at edge of slab to lap with

5.

D.P.C.

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thermal insulation;

6. 160mm Cross

Laminated Timber wall panel stained white;

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1. Fixed double glazing rooflight, interior wood frame; 2. 19mm charred timber cladding, 35mm battens/cavity, vapour barrier, 80mm + 60mm thermal insulation; 3. Hiden gutter; 4. 19mm charred timber cladding fixed to 35 x 25mm battens, 35 x 25mm counter battens, vapour barrier, 80mm + 60mm thermal insulation; 5. 600 x 200mm glued-laminated timber portal frame with profiled steel plate fixed into pre-cut slots - plate thickness plus bolt numbers + sizes to be confirmed by Structural Engineer; 6. 160mm Cross Laminated Timber wall panel stained white; 7.x2 200 x 300mm beams; 8. Flitch beam to pick up portal leg - Enginerr to confirm; 9. 19mm white stained ply flooring, 65mm heating screed, vapour barrier, 70mm insulation; 10.

160mm Cross Laminated timber floor slab; 11. Perforated suspended ceiling tiles; 12.

100 x 150mm flitch beam connection, 300 x 300mm column; 13. 100 x 150mm split beam/column connection; 14. 16 x 280mm laminated softwood rail; 15. Ø 12 Steel rod; 16. 40mm polycarbonate panel façade; 17.

Pre-formed ‘T’ plate fixed into pre-cut slots in posts and bolted into slab - plate thickness plus bolt numbers + sizes to be confirmed by Structural Engineer.

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dow Detail

External Wall Build Up Detail wooden ba�en (intermediate structure in the insula�on layer)

waterproof connec�on reveal board (treated �mber)

wall cladding (charred �mber)

unc�onal ealing tape ht on the , wind�ght on utside + -absrbing CLT wall board

ver�cal seal (wind�ghtness) window casement with double glazing

joint bonding with suitable adhesive tape (variant)

wall cladding (charred �mber)

CLT ceiling board joint-sealing tape

damp proof membrane

Structure: - CLT wall board - insula�on (mineral wool) - Ver�cal seal (for wind�ghtness) - ba�ens - wall cladding

CLT wall board

Window Detail

CLT Frame Construc�on Detail (floor + wall connec�on) wall-to-ceiling screw connec�on (according to structural analysis)

wooden ba�en (intermediate structure in the insula�on layer)

External Wall Build Up Detail

waterproof connec�on CLT wall board wall anchoring (according to structural analysis)

joint-sealing tape CLT ceiling board

wooden ba�en (intermediate structure in the insula�on layer)

wooden ba�en (intermediate structure in the insula�on layer)

wall cladding (charred �mber)

reveal board (treated �mber) wall cladding (charred �mber)

mul�func�onal joint-sealing tape (air�ght on the inside, wind�ght on the outside + sound-absrbing CLT wall board

joint bonding with suitable adhesive tape (variant)

joint-sealing tap

Structure:

ver�cal seal (wind�ghtness)

- CLT wall board - insula�on (mineral wool) - Ver�cal seal (for wind�ghtness) - ba�ens - wall cladding

window casement with double glazing

CLT wall board

Window Detail

CLT Frame Construc�on Detail (floor + wall connec�on) wall-to-ceiling screw connec�on (according to structural analysis)

CLT ceiling boar

damp proof membrane

wooden ba�en (intermediate structure in the insula�on layer)

waterproof connec�on reveal board (treated �mber)

CLT wall board wall anchoring (according to structural analysis)

wall cladding (charred �mber)

mul�func�onal joint-sealing tape (air�ght on the inside, wind�ght on Technical the section outside + sound-absrbing

ver�cal seal (wind�ghtness)

02 and facade

joint-sealing tape CLT ceiling board

study

CLT wall board

window casement with double glazing

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Exploring the internal aesthetics of of the Greenhouse glulam beam structure (far left) and the Nutritional building’s structural portal frame (right).

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Mechanical Ventilation System

Energy System

Wet Central Heating System

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Environmental strategy detailed in section

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AIR-WATER SYSTEM: The building will be supplied by an air-water system, where air from a central air conditioning unit is distributed throughout the building, and chilled/hot water is distributed to heat transfer units in the occupied spaces. The air supply provides for the ventilation needs of the occupants and latent loads (i.e. humidity control), whereas the water supply to heat transfer units are to offset sensible thermal loads (i.e. control temperature).

VENTILATION SYSTEM: Vertical mechanical ventilation is the air system to be used within the building. Air will be supplied into occupied spaces via a low-level wall grill and extracted via a high-level extract only wall grill. This decision pre-empts the natural movement of air, where layers of air rise as they gather heat, and so warm air can be easily extracted at high-level. A heat recovery system (M.V.H.R) will be in place to reclaim energy from the extract air and transfer it back to the air supply, reducing energy costs.

The air supply grills and extract only grills are to be located in opposite ends of a room, encouraging the airflow within the space. Risers are designed into the building plan to serve the pipes and ducts of the vertical ventilation system.

Air conditioning should be used only in places or times that its use is essential, elsewhere natural ventilation should be used. The building caters for natural cross ventilation through the inclusion of openable windows and its dual aspect design.

SPACE HEATING SYSTEM: The heating system in place will be used to offset the building’s loss of heat when outside temperature falls lower than the required inside temperature. The system to be implemented will be a wet central heating system that comprises three elements: - Heat generator (generates heat and transfers this heat to water)

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- Distribution (of hot water along pipes, where water is forced to flow using a pump) - Heat emitter (to discharge heat where needed e.g. radiator or pipe coil).

The building’s south facing courtyard acts as a suntrap and therefore lends itself to an ideal location for a ground source heat pump. The ground source heat pump will supply the building with hot water via its heat generation. However, the heat pump alone will not be enough to supply the whole building and as such, a woodchip boiler will be used to provide additional heat. Such boiler would also suit the nature of the site and the building’s close proximity to the wood workshop, as well as the holistic programme it implements.

Underfloor heating will be embedded within the building’s floor structure, and act as the primary heat emitter. Much lower temperatures will be used for the system compared to that of a radiator’s, to avoid occupant discomfort. Plastic pipes will be used, and they should be delivered and installed as a long coil to avoid joints and therefore leaks. A suitable floor finish of seasoned wood will be used to cover the pipes. Pipework should be thermally insulated to reduce heat loss.

Small enclosed rooms and toilet facilities will incorporate radiators to heat their spaces.

PLANT ROOM: All services in the building are to be served by a basement plant room, located centrally within the building plan, and accessed via a designated entry point from the ground floor, adjacent to the building’s main core. A basement plant room below the core will give the best connection to the building’s risers, connecting via trenches in the floor to serve air ducts, as well as the ground source heat pump.

The inclusion of crawl spaces, accessible risers and suspended ceilings in the building design allows for easy access and maintenance of service ducts without the need for specialised equipment.

Mechanical ventilation + Artificial lighting plans

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water purifying plan�ng cloudburst

floodable landscape

PERMEABLE

CONTROLLED FLOODING

CLEANSING rain water catchment basins

storage

GREY WATER SYSTEM

FLOOD PROOF BUILDINGS

RECYCLING

eleva�on

The use of permeable concrete pavements will reduce surface overflow by allowing the movement of storm water through them. This system allows stormwater to be collected, filtered, and diverted to surrounding vegetation, feeding the site’s urban planting as well as relieving sewers. The introduction of permeable pavers to a high flood risk site aims to reduce street

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flooding and encourages green spaces to thrive.

As well as permeable paving, the site also encourages a secondary urban drainage system which consists of sunken basins denoted as an “overflow park” in the proposal.

The aim here is to naturally deal with cloudburst and flash flooding, all the while creating new spaces and increase biodiversity.

Curb for overflow drainage Pavers Bedding course Base course

Sunken basin study - Dry

Subbase course Under drain

Geotextile

Subgrade soil Sunken basin study - Wet

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Urban Design Project 2

URBAN REGENERATION C H E S T ER

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This project is based in Chester, a walled city in Cheshire, North West England. Founded as a Roman fort, Chester is one of the last cities to fall to the Normans. The city is rich in archaeological and architectural treasures that date back

to the Roman Empire as well as many Medieval buildings and Victorian restorations. The impact of the Industrial Revolution can be seen through the many layers of infrastructure such as railway, canals and new roads leading to the city.

Site photos

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On visiting the site, mental mapping was used as a way to record initial the site response - highlighting landmarks, key views, and understanding the existing typology.

Gordon Cullen believed that space should be experienced through a series of contrasting views, which is something this project aims to implement. Through the initial mapping, it was found that Cullen’s theory is not currently applied; views that were perceived to be of most historical importance were obstructed by massing and any open areas were imposed by unattractive surface carparks. Similarly to Cullen, Camillo Sitte believed in the importance of public open spaces and in creating landmarks as well as drawing attention to those existing. By implementing Cullen and Sitte’s processes, under-utilised

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spaces were identified within the site and thus became a starting point for the masterplan’s design development. Sitte also believed that public squares should have a degree of enclosure. This led to the consideration of possible ways in which elements of enclosure identified in the mental map could be retained, while removing some of the restrictions that currently divide the community. The understanding of Cullen, Sitte, and the picturesque method allowed the site to be mapped with the aim of identifying areas of both weakness and potential. As a result, this enabled the creation of a typology that utilised key views which draw attention to the site’s historical landmarks, elements of enclosure and contrasting views along several routes through the site.

Site photos

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The aim for this masterplan proposal was to design and develop a diverse and wholesome neighbourhood that reconnects with the historic centre of Chester famously bound by the city walls.

residential developments, seasonal events promoting small local businesses and most importantly a comprehensive strategy that reconnects the river front to the City Centre.

The aspirations for this proposal are to create a welcoming, attractive and secure environment consisting of open public spaces, community hubs, landscaped parks,

By creating this connected community, the masterplan endeavours to provide a long-term sense of place and belonging within the site.

High Qaulity Piblic Diverse Street Space

Life

Controlled

Pedestrian Friendly

Traffic

Environment

HIGH QUALITY PUBLIC REALM

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In order to minimize the road traffic and decrease the pollution and noise levels, a newly proposed strategy will be in place, creating a pleasant, quieter and attractive waterfront. The strategy composes of decreasing the current traffic congestion by introducing controlled access, fuel tax and the promotion of hydrogen powered and electrical vehicles, alongside with cycling and walking.

01. REESTABLISHING PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

02. CONNECTING TO THE WATERFRONT

03. FLOOD PREVENTION

04. LINKING OBSTRUCTED CONNECTIONS

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By minimizing the amount of vehicles from the existing riverside, it welcomes environmentally friendly transport and attracts more locals and tourists with the newly created routes to explore.

By prioritising pedestrian access, a welcoming direct link connecting the public from the city centre within the wall to the waterfront can be established.

The site’s close proximity to the tidal river and risk of flooding creates a challenging opportunity to turn the area into an attractive public space that doubles up as a functioning flood defence system.

The existing train viaduct in Chester is currently largely neglected and rife with cars. The aim is to utilise the viaduct by creating connections through it and developing it into a more active facade where football is encouraged. The opening up and utilisation of the neglected and obstructed viaduct hopes to reclaim the potential of the area.

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Proposal development

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Masterplan proposal, Chester

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- Bridge link micro study -

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- Public square

e micro study -

- Promenade micro study -

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Site axonometric

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Site visuals

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Live Project

EVERTON LIBRARY M A N AG EM EN T, PR AC T I C E + L AW

ST D OM

INGO

RD

HEY

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WO

RTH

ST

[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

CO N T E N T S

01 . DESIGN, POLICY, LEGISLATION + REGULATION

4

INTRODUCTION................................................................ 5-6 CLIENT + THEIR MOTIVATION ...................................... 7-8 BRIEF ..................................................................................9-10 FUNDING ....................................................................... 11-13 PROCUREMENT ........................................................... 14-16 PROGRAMME + RIBA PLAN OF WORK ........................17 CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS ......................................... 18-19 SCOPE OF WORKS ..............................................................19 RISK ASSESSMENT ...................................................... 19-20

02 . ORGANISATIONS, RELATIONSHIPS + MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

21

CLIENT TEAM STRUCTURE ..............................................22 STRUCTURE OF LJMU STUDENT TEAM ............... 23-24 OTHER ORGANISATIONS .................................................24 PROJECT COSTS .................................................................25 FEE CALCULATIONS ..........................................................26 EXPENSES .............................................................................26

03 . REFLECTIVE SUMMARY + CRITICAL REVIEW

27

VALUE OF SERVICES ..........................................................28 FEE VIABILITY.......................................................................28 CONTINUED CLIENT RELATIONSHIP ............................28 REFLECTION.................................................................. 29-31

03 . APPENDIX

32

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...................................................33 IN-TEXT REFERENCES ................................................. 34-35 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................ 36-37 OUR EXPERIENCE ...............................................................38 TIMESHEETS .................................................................. 39-40 MEETING MINUTES..................................................... 41-52 EMAILS............................................................................ 53-54 CLIENT REPORT................................................ 55 onwards p. 2

Extract from report

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p. 5

INTR ODUC TION Everton Library (fig. 1) is a grade II listed

regarding the accessibility of information on

public building that is owned by Liverpool

the building’s current state and its architectural

City Council. The derelict building has recently

merit. It is important that no one is excluded in

been announced as one of the ‘Top 10 Most

being able to show interest in the building. The

Endangered Buildings 2019’ by the Victorian

consideration of accessibility was the starting

Society (Victoriansociety, 2019). The building

point for this project. The intention was to

has been unoccupied since 2006 and sadly, over

utilise the Matterport scan and develop it into

the past several years, has fallen into a state

an accessible form of media, in which to display

of disrepair after being subject to vandalism

and explore the building’s potential use, allowing

and water damage. The building also contains

the community and potential funders to easily

asbestos and is structurally damaged in

understand the project.

parts. Because of these reasons, the building has restricted access and as such, required a

POLICY

‘Matterport’ scan to discover the full extent of

The main policy in place for this project is

its internal condition.

community based, where the project seeks to

There have been several previous attempts

convey strong community and social values (fig.

to restore this building, all of which have

2). A change of building use will inevitably occur

unfortunately failed. The most recent attempt

in the future, as ideas from the client suggest a

to rectify and renovate this library comes from

new bistro, a book shop, a multi-lingual children’s

PollyPort CIC (Community Interest Company)

book collection, studio spaces for hire and a

and local architects Harrison Stringfellow, who

story telling centre. The client also intends to

have secured an Architectural Heritage Fund

keep and restore the public reading room. These

grant to explore the potential uses of this listed

spatial intentions will create anchor tenants for

public building.

the building as well as rental income, all the original policies in place for a public building

needs to be secured to guarantee its progression

will be maintained. With it being a restoration

and success. Therefore, the aim for our LJMU

and refurbishment project for a listed public

Live Project team was to produce work that will

building, any future works will focus on creating

gain the support of the community and spark

a user-friendly environment through the design

interest from local funders. However, the area in

of an integrated and accessible building. Any

which the building is located has high levels of

proposals must respect the listed status of the

chronic illness and disability and therefore creates

building, its historical background and the

social challenges for the project. This constraint

community in which it sits.

has led to a focus of accessibility, particularly

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[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

while keeping its use as public, meaning the The project is currently at a stage where funding

[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

LEGISLATION

In this building’s case, regulations of high

Everton Library is owned by Liverpool City Council

importance would be; ‘Part B – Fire safety’, ‘Part C

and therefore it falls under their legislation.

– Site preparation and resistance to contaminants

Because of this, the project may take advantage

and moisture’ and ‘Part M – Access to and use of

of Liverpool City Council’s ‘in-house’ tenders from

buildings’. All of said regulations will consecutively

their framework agreement. By doing so, this

deal with; the building’s current lack of fire doors

could prove to be economically advantageous,

and exit strategies, the building’s asbestos and

as tenders chosen by councils to provide local

water damage issues, and most importantly,

services often come at discounted rates. There

address the building’s existing accessibility

is also reassurance that the services and goods

issues – an topic of high importance to this

provided will be reliable and of good quality.

project, given that the building sits in an area

(Local.gov.uk., 2019).

where disability is prevalent.

REGULATIONS

Once the design stage of the project is reached,

The library, in terms of its design, is currently

any building proposals must be sure to comply

very inaccessible, as all existing entrances to

with the DDA (Disability and Discrimination Act)

it are accessed via steps. Within the building,

regulations, particularly for a building of such

the ground floor is the only floor which sits at a

design, in an area with such high chronic illness

consistent level - all other floors consist of varying

and disability. Furthermore, once complete, the

stepped levels throughout. This, coupled up with

building must continue to run in accordance

the fact that the building has no lifts, means

with the DDA. DDA compliance is fundamental

disabled visitors would be confined to the ground

to a project of this nature.

floor (that is, if and when, the inaccessible stepped threshold from outside to inside is overcome).

COPYRIGHT AND OWNERSHIP OF WORK As the project is currently in its very early stages,

When reaching completion of our Live Project,

no design work has been carried out, and so the

we encountered a difficult conversation with our

consideration of regulations is not yet needed.

client regarding work ownership, as the client

However, in the future, any design proposals

expected us to hand over the original work files

must meet the current Building Regulations as

produced by our LJMU team, alongside the Client

well as be notified to the local building control

Report. We explained how we were unable to do

authority (Chappell and Willis, 2010). It is also a

so at the request of LJMU, as we would not have

given that, due to Everton Library’s listed status,

been covered on insurance if we were to ever

full planning permission will be required, covering

be compromised by the sharing of survey work

any necessary internal and external repairs and

from a non-reliable source. We also watermarked

alterations.

all our accessible work with the LJMU logo to further avoid such scenario.

Extract from

p. 6

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p. 7

TH E CLIENT + T HE IR MOTIVATIO N S POLLY MOSELEY PRODUCER, TRANSLATOR + RESEARCHER.

The Client for this community-based non-profit project is PollyPort CIC (Community Interest

4

MOTIV ES

Company). Founded by Polly Mosely in 2016 (TEH Conference, 2019), PollyPort CIC is a private company limited by guarantee without share capital. Whose nature of business entails: Specialised design activities, translation and

COMMUNITY VALUES Importance of community buying into project. (fig. 2) FUNDING Main goal of the current project is to secure funding.

MEMORIES Inclusion of memories of Library to evoke emotion of local residents.

interpretation activities, cultural education and

1

artistic creation.

Polly Moseley, has been a resident of Liverpool since 2009 (The Nature of Cities, 2019) and is

2

committed to positive social change, working with young people and the importance of acknowledging an area’s nature and culture.

Polly’s beliefs and passion has led her to become

3

an advocate for change in the health sector, pushing for improvements in the inequalities present within it. Much of Polly’s recent work has been based around North Liverpool (Anfield

4

and Everton), including this project.

The failed previous attempts to gain funding for Everton Library’s restoration, has driven Polly on to lead this project to success. She is extremely determined to win the funding that will see this listed building be restored back to its potential, in the hope that it will help kick start the regeneration of the area.

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[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

ACCESSIBILITY Not just to building but accessibility of information to all.

[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

LIVERPOOL CIT Y COUNCIL

01

Owners of the building

C L I E NT T E AM ST R U C T U RE

H A R R I S O N S T R I N G F E L LO W

03

Architects acting as Principal Designers.

P O L LY P O R T C I C

02

The Client and employer.

CURTINS

04 LJMU TEAM

05

Structural Engineers working alongside Architects.

Design Team assisting the Principal Designers.

p. 22

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p. 11

F U NDI NG

Before this project, the most recent prior

As the project is currently only pre-feasibility,

attempt to restore and redevelop Everton

the job of the LJMU team was simply to develop

Library came from The Jewel on the Hill

tools that would raise awareness of the project

Buildings Preservation Trust, a company limited

with the intention of attracting more funders.

by guarantee set up by Heritage Works BPT Ltd

As this is a conservation and restoration project,

in attempts to complete the Jewel on the Hill

funding will need to come from a wide range

project following the £284,400 development

of sources with differing benchmarks, match

funding grant provided by the Heritage Lottery

funding and timescales (Insall Associates, 2014).

Fund back in 2012. The grant was to be used to

Changes in the project could cause delays and

help develop the application towards a full grant

affect timescales and as a result may increase

of c.£3.6 million. The development phase was

costs. Such issues can easily disrupt funding

to include a Conservation Management Plan

flow and therefore jeopardise the project as a

which received match funding from the Pilgrim

whole and so, it is important to manage these

Trust. Further funding for this project was also

risks cautiously.

sourced from Architectural Heritage Fund and Liverpool City Council (Everton Library - The

Match funding plays an important role in

Jewel on the Hill, n.d.). However, due to lack of

charity-based projects. The process simply

investment from the private sector it meant that

involves the funder i.e. government or grant-

match funding was not met and thus sealed

making trust agreeing to match (fully or

the fate of the Jewel on the Hill project.

partially) the number of donations given to the uk, n.d.). The Everton Library project is highly

project is a Project Viability Grant of £14,000

dependent on public funding, meaning that

provided by the Architectural Heritage Fund

any match funding in place will depend heavily

and supported by the Department for Digital,

on the success of private funds. As mentioned

Culture and Media (The Architectural Heritage

previously, this building has seen several failed

Fund, 2019).

attempts to restore it, all of which have been down to lack of private sector match funding.

“The Project Viability Grant (PVG) scheme is intended to be an initial assessment of whether it is viable to bring a historic building back into a sustainable use.”

(Project Viability Grant Guidance, n.d.)

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Future public funding should be easily secured

[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

charity or cause (Institute-of-fundraising.org.

So far, the only funding received for this

[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

at a low risk if all match funding and other

conservation deficit* may arise and as such,

costing and time-scaling plans are in place.

would require considerable external funding

Hopefully, the work that our LJMU student

(Insall Associates, 2014). Although the prime

team has produced will help in securing the

location of the building, its architectural merit

necessary funding for the library, allowing it

and its Grade II listing will hopefully favour the

to progress through to the next stages of the

project in this regard.

RIBA Plan of Work.

In today’s current economy, competition is tough for funding and grants. The complexity

*“The amount by which the cost of repairs exceeds the

and specialised nature of this project coupled

market value of the asset when repaired” (Challis, 2013)

with its current state of disrepair means a

Fig.6 Funding and Governance model: Everton Library (LJMU student team, 2019)

p. 12

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[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

P R O C U R EM EN T

The choice of the most appropriate procurement

In a consultation undertaken by the RIBA in 2012,

route for a project will be determined by a list of

a question of ‘which of the following procurement

criteria set out by the client to the architect and

routes do you frequently use?’ was asked to its

what the client deems their priority. Such criteria

members with the results highlighting the most

can be determined by:

common form of procurement in the industry at the

- Time (economy and certainty) - Cost (economy and certainty) - Control (appointment of risk) - Quality (in design and construction) - Size/value (small/medium/large) - C o m p l ex i t y ( c o m p l ex /s i m p l e ) List above referenced from (Chappell and Willis, 2010)

There is a plethora of different procurement systems a project can choose to go down, but the main principal systems tend to be as follows: - Tr a d i t i o n a l - Private Finance Initiative (PFI) - One stage Design and Build - Tw o s t a g e D e s i g n a n d B u i l d - Management contract List above referenced from (RIBA Plan of Work, 2012)

p. 14

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time. Traditional contractual arrangements were the most prevalent, with 86% of architects answering so (fig. 8). Traditional procurement contracts tend to offer more control over quality, are well suited for specialist subcontractors, and offer more design control and flexibility (Designingbuildings, 2019).

No procurement was necessary at this stage of the Live Project as it is only currently at pre-feasibility and funding is still to be fully secured, therefore it would be difficult to fully define and establish the responsibility of purchasing certain goods and services required to carry this project to completion.

Only once funding is in place, will it become clear what type of procurement process the project will entail and thus what the remaining stages from the RIBA Plan of Work will need to cover.

p. 15

At face value, it would appear that a traditional

and framework agreements that are consistent

procurement route (fig. 9) would be suited for

with the Construction Strategy, as these types

a complex and specialist project like this. But in

of routes support integrated team working

this instance, it is not the case, as a traditional

(Designingbuildings.co.uk, 2020).

route cannot offer an integrated procurement approach like other principal systems can, which

Such recommended routes mean an integrated

is an important factor in a public building project

supply team is appointed early on and usually

like Everton Library.

under one contract, allowing for an easy point of responsibility for the delivery of a project. These

As Everton Library falls under the Liverpool City

preferred procurement routes also mean specialist

Council’s legislation, it lends itself to a public

suppliers and contractors can be involved in the

sector procurement route. The Government

design process – a very helpful factor for this

recommends that the best procurement routes

project due to its listed nature and current state

for a public project are Design (fig. 10), common PFI of procurement disrepair.

Which + ofBuild the following routes do you frequently use?

TRADITIONAL

86%

O N E STAG E D ES I G N + B U I L D

41%

T WO STAG E D ES I G N + B U I L D

39%

M A N AG E M E N T CO N T R AC T

10%

Fig.8 Frequently used procurement routes (Own illustration, 2019)

E M P LOY E R

OT H E R D I R EC T LY E M P LOY E D CO N T R AC TO RS

Q UA N T I T Y S U RV E YO R

[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

P R I VAT E F I N A N C E I N I T I AT I V E ( P F I )

18%

A RC H I T EC T

Extract from

CO N T R AC TO R CO N S U LTA N TS

CLERK OF WO R KS

report D O M EST I C S U B - CO N T R AC TO RS

D O M EST I C S U P P L I E RS

Contractual links Functional links

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p. 23

L JMU S T U D ENT T EAM STRUCTURE Our team decided not to designate a managerial

members were familiar with such software, we saw this

position, but instead to work as equal employees.

constraint as an opportunity to educate ourselves and

We allowed each member of the LJMU team to work

produce ‘How To’ guides so no team members missed

to their own strengths and from this designated

out on the learning side that these tasks entailed. It also

ourselves a main job title (see page 22). Roles such as

was an opportunity to provide helpful information to

client contact and note takers could have been better

other readers of the report, helping them gain a better

defined from the outset of the project. Instead, team

understanding of the technology used in the project

members naturally filled such positions as and when

and how they themselves could use it in the future.

necessary. However with that being said, there was never any confusion or missed opportunities within

All client meetings were recorded using two different

the workload and responsibilities of the team.

methods; note taking and audio, and at least two people always took notes to ensure nothing was missed.

Because of the specific nature of our project, our

Meeting minutes were always written up and shared

designated roles fell into specialist programming jobs

within the next few following days. We always ensured

that covered a variety of media i.e. Unity for Virtual

we had a team briefing meeting before a client meeting

Reality, Point Cloud and Recap to extract plans and

to establish where everyone was up to and determine

sections from the Matterport Scan, BIM to manipulate

any questions we had to ask. After every client meeting,

the Matterport scan and Video & Audio software to

we would always regroup to discuss the outcome of the

produce accessible videos for all. As a team, we shared

meeting and what next steps were necessary to allow

tasks the best we could, however, given the specific

the project to progress. An agreed email was usually

type of work involved in the project, it meant that there

sent out to the client, outlining what was discussed

was a couple of major independent jobs (video and VR)

and confirming what was next expected, ensuring

and a few more minor jobs. Because of this, there was

there was no confusion of expectations between us

a risk of certain team members taking on larger, more

and the client.

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members were happy with their workloads and when

We made sure we all took note of our individual hours,

not, we spread out tasks where necessary to help even

which were then collated at the end and input into a

out the balance.

group spreadsheet (see appendix).

A lot of the tasks firstly involved the designated team

The team communicated via WhatsApp, OneDrive,

members to gain an understanding of a variety of new

email and in person through organised team meetings.

technology (Matterport and VR) and specialist software

Attendance and promptness from other team members

and programmes (Point Cloud, ReCap and Unity) before

was never an issue and I felt, as a team, we worked and

they could begin producing work. As none of the team

communicated well as a whole.

[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

difficult jobs. To avoid such issues, we ensured all team

[MPL] - Live Project Report: Everton Library

OUR EXPERIENCE W I TH UNIT Y + V R

p. 38

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

EXISTING PLAN DRAWINGS * Do not scale off drawings (Dimensions TBC on site)

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Lower Ground Level

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Ground Level

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

A

EXISTING SECTIONAL DRAWINGS * Do not scale off drawings (Dimensions TBC on site) A A

A

SECTION A-A Scale 1:100 @ A3

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43 EVERTON LIBRARY LIVE PROJECT REPORT

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B

B

B

B

SECTION B-B Scale 1:100 @ A3

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44 EVERTON LIBRARY LIVE PROJECT REPORT

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Housing Project

ALL MOD CONS E V ER TO N

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This project investigates the question - Can modularisation facilitate affordable custom design for mixed communities?

Located in Everton, the chosen site for this project is too small to attract major house builder interest and therefore the scheme focuses on a small to medium development which supports Liverpool City Council’s plans to develop on small to medium pockets of land, addressing the needs outlined by the Council’s new ethical housing company, ‘Foundations’.

where the initial house is smaller than average, meaning it can be bought or rented at a cheaper price. The modular house is designed and constructed in a way that allows for easy and affordable future expansion. The apartment block, made up of stacked modular CLT duplexes, looks to provide a quicker turnaround of tenants, aiming to provide affordable apartments where residents can easily save for their future, allowing them to eventually own their apartment or move to a larger house, i.e. the proposed expandable house units.

The site sits in a largely residential area and so the proposal’s layout and massing design has been informed by the existing surrounding dwellings, being careful that the scheme does not impose on the area, but instead compliments and integrates well with its context.

This project focuses on designing housing for mixed household incomes, by proposing a development that incorporates varied dwelling typologies of a mixed tenure (social and privately owned/rented), therefore providing an easy progression up the property ladder.

The modular CLT house typology is an expandable house,

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• Establishing axes + access into site

• Creating connections between proposed massing by providing central community garden.

• Creating connections with existing area by providing cut through routes for surrounding residents.

• Creating views over to the Docks by building up end massing block (height informed by larger buildings near by) • Creating lower dwellings which mimic the line of neighbouring existing dwellings as a precaution not to impose.

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Site axonometric

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Elevation A-A

Elevation B-B

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Site plan

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The housing units sit around the North, East and South perimeters of the site boundaries, forming the semi-private communal garden central of the site.

transported to site via a flatbed lorry. The modular components will then be craned into place, ready for the structural expansion frame to be slotted and fixed into it.

The house has been designed with future expansion in mind, providing an initial small modular house unit with a structural frame fitted along side it ready for future expansion when needs change.

The initial house is designed in a way in where each unit is constructed off-site and later

Each modular house unit is set out on a 3.6m grid where the max length of a unit is 10.8m. Also, all floor to ceiling heights will be 2.5m. These dimensions enable the house unit components to fit safely on to a flatbed lorry which max dimensions are 13.5m in length and 2.55m in width.

EXPANSION

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GROUND FLOOR (initial plan)

F (

GROUND FLOOR (expanded plan)

F (

CUSTOMISATION

FIRST FLOOR (initial plan)

SECOND FLOOR

The housing proposes a typology that is expandable + customisable. By providing an adaptable house typology that has been designed with future expansion in mind, the initial smaller house can be inhabited at a cheaper cost. The home owner can then easily expand when housing needs or incomes change. The customisable aspect of the house allows for flexibility in the budget. Within set parameters the home owner can choose how the home will be finished, from window styles to external cladding.

FIRST FLOOR (expanded plan)

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Section 1-1

Although the site proposal includes a semi-private garden space for all residents to use, each house unit also contains two external spaces, one being a walled courtyard, another being a roof top garden, this allows residents to carry out certain activities i.e. hanging out washing, out door eating, growing plants, veg, fruit etc. in a more private and secure space.

Axonometric showing rear of single housing unit

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The apartment block is situated to the west of the site, neighbouring existing buildings of similar storey heights. Its placing on the site also sits where the existing buildings are more sparse, therefore causing no major disruption or overlooking of the surrounding dwellings. The block’s West facing elevation takes advantage of views out to the Docks whilst the East elevation benefits from the morning sun and more private views out into the sites communal garden space.

The apartment block is designed in a way in where each duplex

GROUND FLOOR

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FIRST FLOOR

is constructed off-site and later transported to site via a flatbed lorry. The modular components will then be stacked into place with the help of a crane and fixed into place, forming the apartment block as a whole.

Each modular duplex typology is set out on a 3.5m grid where the max length of a unit is 7m. Also, all floor to ceiling heights will be 2.5m. These dimensions enable all 3 duplex typologies to fit safely on to a flatbed lorry which max dimensions are 13.5m in length and 2.55m in width.

SECOND FLOOR

THIRD FLOOR

FOURTH

DUPLEX TYPE 3 : 2 bed duplex accessed from third floor of apartment block

UPPER LEVEL

LOWER LEVEL

UPPER LEVEL

LOWER LEVEL

UPPER LEVEL

DUPLEX TYPE 1 : 2 bed duplex accessed from first floor of apartment block

DUPLEX TYPE 2 : 1 bed duplex accessed from second floor of apartment block

LOWER LEVEL

MASS The apartment block is made up of several modulor duplex typologies which are stacked to form the whole mass. The circulation acts as the infill, connecting all modules together.

TENURE The tenure for this block will be a mix of short term social and private renters. The affordability of the duplex’s will lead to a quick turnover of tenants as the intention is to house people who wish to save for a larger home in the future.

FLOOR

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Zinc shingle cladding.

External Brick used on ground floor and core.

Timber frame + powder coated aluminium windows.

Wire balustrades.

Climbing plants around timber and steel frames.

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Elevation + facade study

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Prefabricated modular units to be craned into place, using loca�on dowels as guidance.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Parapet flashing Stainless steel standing seam roofing Joist hanger Brise soleil Treated �mber beam (external terrace frame/pergola) Treated �mber post (external terrace frame/pergola) Rainwater gu�er Damp proof membrane External �mber decking �les 60mm so� insula�on between studs Dowel (connector for CLT panels) 200mm Cross Laminated Timber panel (5 layers) Oak flooring on CLT structural panel 45mm Service void finished with 12.5mm platerboard 120mm Cross Laminated Timber panel (3 layers) 25 x 50mm �mber studs (for cladding to be bolted back to)

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

200mm exposed Cross Laminated Timber panel (5 layers with voids pre-cut in factory for services to be hidden) 3mm Zinc shingle rainscreen cladding Angle bracket (CLT panel connec�on) Me�loor 60 metal decking (sat on portal frame) Portal frame (see 1:10 connec�on detail) 45mm service void finished with 12.5mm platerboard 440 x 102 x 215mm concrete blockwork inner leaf 40mm cavity Internal 12.5mm plasterboard + finish 215 x 102 x 65mm brickwork outer leaf Damp Proof Course 65mm polished concrete screed A142 an�-crack mesh In-situ concrete slab 600 x 200mm strip foo�ng

Loca�on dowels.

Lower and upper duplex units to be manufactured in factory and transported to site when ready.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Resin Anchor Detail, (1:20).

Resin anchors to fix modular CLT units together to Structural Engineers design (for wind load + stability).

13.

14.

15.

16.

203 UC.

203 UC.

254 UC.

Portal Frame Connec�on Detail, (1:20).

140 x 12 FL x 230 LG base plate. Fix to base slab using 2No M12 resin anchors

MD60 metal deck and portal frame erected on site to make up ground floor. It will act as a transfer deck, picking up the load from the stacked duplex modules.

1.

2.

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4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

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Parapet flashing Stainless steel standing seam roofing Joist hanger Brise soleil Treated �mber beam (external terrace frame/pergola) Treated �mber post (external terrace frame/pergola) Rainwater gu�er Damp proof membrane External �mber decking �les 60mm so� insula�on between studs Dowel (connector for CLT panels) 200mm Cross Laminated Timber panel (5 layers) Oak flooring on CLT structural panel 45mm Service void finished with 12.5mm platerboard 120mm Cross Laminated Timber panel (3 layers) 25 x 50mm �mber studs (for cladding to be bolted back to)

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

Parapet flashing Stainless steel standing seam roofing Joist hanger Brise soleil Treated �mber beam (external terrace frame/pergola) Treated �mber post (external terrace frame/pergola) Rainwater gu�er Damp proof membrane External �mber decking �les 60mm so� insula�on between studs Dowel (connector for CLT panels) 200mm Cross Laminated Timber panel (5 layers) Oak flooring on CLT structural panel 45mm Service void finished with 12.5mm platerboard 120mm Cross Laminated Timber panel (3 layers) 25 x 50mm �mber studs (for cladding to be bolted back to) 200mm exposed Cross Laminated Timber panel (5 layers with voids pre-cut in factory for services to be hidden) 3mm Zinc shingle rainscreen cladding Angle bracket (CLT panel connec�on) Me�loor 60 metal decking (sat on portal frame) Portal frame (see 1:10 connec�on detail) 45mm service void finished with 12.5mm platerboard 440 x 102 x 215mm concrete blockwork inner leaf 40mm cavity Internal 12.5mm plasterboard + finish 215 x 102 x 65mm brickwork outer leaf Damp Proof Course 65mm polished concrete screed A142 an�-crack mesh In-situ concrete slab 600 x 200mm strip foo�ng

17.

18.

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oist hanger Parapet 18.17. rise soleilflashing Stainless steelbeam standing seamterrace roofing 19. reated �mber (external Joist hanger rame/pergola) 20.

Brise soleil 18. reated �mber post (external terrace Treated �mber beam (external terrace 21.19. rame/pergola) frame/pergola) ainwater gu�er 22.20.

Treated �mber post (external terrace amp proof membrane 23.21. xternal �mber decking �les frame/pergola) 0mm so� insula�on 22.

Rainwater gu�er between studs owel (connector for CLT panels) 24.

Damp proof membrane 00mm Cross Laminated External �mber deckingTimber �les panel (5 25.23. ayers) 26.

60mm so� insula�on between studs 27.24.

Oak flooring on CLT structural panel Dowel (connector for CLT panels) 5mm Service finishedTimber with 12.5mm 200mm Crossvoid Laminated panel (5 28.25.

29.26. laterboard layers) 20mm Cross Laminated Timber panel panel (3 30.27.

Oak flooring on CLT structural ayers) 45mm Service void finished with 12.5mm 31.28.

5platerboard x 50mm �mber studs (for cladding to 29. e bolted back to) 120mm Cross Laminated Timber panel (3 30.

31. layers) 25 x 50mm �mber studs (for cladding to be bolted back to)

factory for services to be hidden) 200mm exposed Cross Laminated 3mm Zinc shingle rainscreen cladding Timber panel (5 layers pre-cut in Angle bracket (CLT with panelvoids connec�on) factory60for services to be Me�loor metal decking (sathidden) on portal 3mm Zinc shingle rainscreen cladding frame) Angle bracket (CLT connec�on panel connec�on) Portal frame (see 1:10 detail) Me�loor metal decking on portal 45mm service60void finished with(sat 12.5mm frame) platerboard 440Portal x 102 frame x 215mm blockworkdetail) (seeconcrete 1:10 connec�on inner leaf service void finished with 12.5mm 45mm 40mm cavity platerboard Internal plasterboard + finish 440 x12.5mm 102 x 215mm concrete blockwork 215inner x 102leaf x 65mm brickwork outer leaf Damp Proof Course 40mm cavity 65mm polished concrete screed + finish Internal 12.5mm plasterboard A142 an�-crack mesh brickwork outer leaf 215 x 102 x 65mm In-situ concrete Damp Proof slab Course 60065mm x 200mm strip foo�ng polished concrete screed A142 an�-crack mesh In-situ concrete slab 600 x 200mm strip foo�ng

The structure of the apartment block will be made up of prefabricated Cross Laminated Timber modules, which will be craned and stacked into place using location dowels to secure the units on top of one another. The facade of the duplexes will be clad in zinc shingles, where the grey tone will not visually overpower the existing site, instead the grey tone will mimic a shadow of the existing neighbouring apartment block.

The ground floor will act as a transfer deck to take the loads of the CLT modules down to the ground. The ground floor will be constructed onsite and will consist of a steel portal frame with a traditional brick build up infill.

Once in place, a ‘zip’ like seal will fix the CLT modular units together.

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Environmental strategy

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01.

02.

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1.

2.

DUPLEX TYPE 2 : 1 bed duplex accessed from second floor of apartment block (upper level plan)

Internal studies

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Specialist Study

RONAN POINT A PREFA B RI C AT ED D I S A S T ER

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Ronan Point: A Prefabricated Disaster • I

ABSTRACT *The ‘single quoted’ terms used below are defined in the following Introduction page, further definitions can be found in the Glossary section of the Appendix (text that is defined in the Glossary will be seen in a yellow font).

T

his study explores prefabrication’s historical use

of Newham Borough Council’s regeneration programme

and development and the pros and cons for its

(Nelsson, 2018) and the collapse occurred shortly after

use in the construction industry. It also explores

the building was opened to the public in 1968 (See fur-

‘prefabrication’ in relation to ‘Large Panel Systems’, ana-

ther discussion in Chapter 3). Its partial collapse prompt-

lysing the structural viability of this ‘system-build’ man-

ed the Building Research Establishment (BRE) to publish

ufacturing method, showing that the major downfall of

several reports on the structural adequacy of Large Panel

prefabricated units is commonly due to inadequate fix-

Systems and instigated significant changes to the Build-

ings and human error, both in design and assembly.

ing Standards and Regulations.

Ronan Point, a Large Panel System tower block, will be the

In addition to research of the historical background and

main focus of this study, as its collapse was a watershed

data of prefabricated housing, the lessons learnt from

in the history of Building Standards and Regulations.

past failures are examined along with how they were

Ronan Point was a 22-storey high-rise built in the 60s us-

rectified and how current technology could serve to

ing LPS that partially collapsed following a gas explosion

make system-build a more efficient and acceptable way

Extract from

in one of its flats. The building was purpose built as part

of building in the future.

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Ronan Point: A Prefabricated Disaster • 1 • Hannah Faulkner

INTRODUCTION: DEFINING THE TERMS

T

his Specialist Study concerns itself with prefab-

in this study’s instance, have been defined as a prefabri-

rication in the building industry. To specifically

cated part of a building, as the earlier definition states.

define the term ‘prefabrication’ would be difficult

The specific type of prefabricated element that is to be

given the variety of forms it takes. In the building indus-

explored in this study, is large reinforced concrete panels

try alone, the term can range from a prefabricated fixing,

that function as load bearing walls or floor slabs [Fig 1].

to a prefabricated house, and so there is a need to firstly

Such panels were industrially produced and commonly

define the specific level of prefabrication being investi-

used in the construction industry after World War 2 and

gated within this study, along with the terminology that

were referred to as ‘Large Panel Systems’ or ‘LPS’.

will be used to discuss it.

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LPS buildings were built using a ‘system-build’ construc-

For the purpose of this study, prefabrication has been

tion method. In the building industry, ‘system-build’ is

taken as “to manufacture component parts of (building

one of several subcategories that utilise prefabrication

etc.) prior to their assembly on site.” (Fowler and Fowler,

and is associated with off-site manufacturing (Knaack,

1964, pp.959). This study identifies particularly with pre-

Chung-Klatte and Hasselback, 2012), where building el-

fabricated ‘elements’ or ‘components’, where such terms,

ements are manufactured in a factory and shipped to a

Ronan Point: A Prefabricated Disaster • 3 • Hannah Faulkner

desired site, ready to assemble. System-build differs from

tion is associated with poor quality, box-like housing,

another main subcategory of prefabrication that is called

built for poor communities. The reason people are still

‘modular’. While system-build uses component parts of

hostile towards utilising prefabrication as a house-build-

a building that take on a more 2-Dimensional plane,

ing method, simply comes down to the stigma it carries

modular prefabrication manufactures building units in a

from its past. Tony Hutchinson, the associate director for

factory that take on a more obvious 3-Dimensional form.

regeneration and development management at Capita

[Fig 2].

Symonds, highlights this popular view in an article for

Ronan Point was a building that encompassed everything that was going wrong with LPS buildings at the time. As well as highlighting the issues and thus the disastrous outcomes of the house building pressures that were enforced by the Government at the time, Ronan Point also acts as an exemplar precedent on how not to use prefabricated LPS as an industrialised method of construction. The disaster of Ronan Point highlights why all buildings should abide by up to date Building Standards and Regulations.

The question that will be examined in this study is: Why, when Large Panel Systems can be constructed in a controlled environment to produce units of high quality and durability, when they have been proved to provide efficiencies in construction and can be built to comply

the Guardian, writing: “We are all familiar with the negative aspects of mass-produced housing, embodied by the tawdry post-war prefabs.” (Hutchinson, 2013). However, with the advancements in material technology such as epoxy resins, high quality steel, insulating products and protective coatings. LPS systems should have a major advantage over traditional onsite construction – a construction method that is subject to varying weather conditions, fluctuating temperature and humidity, and therefore unpredictable costs.

Although there may be some overlap, topics in this study are dealt with in a chronological order as this reflects how changes were gradually made as issues came to light with regards to prefabricated social housing tower blocks.

with all the relevant Codes of Practice, are they not more commonly adopted? The learning curve in the development of prefabricated elements has been fraught with historical problems and as a result, this type of construc-

“We are all familiar with the negative aspects of mass-produced housing, embodied by the tawdry post-war prefabs.”.

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Ronan Point: A Prefabricated Disaster • 14 • Hannah Faulkner

CHAPTER 3: RONAN POINT

R

onan Point was a housing block

1961) where “April 1965 saw the great-

purpose built as a part of Newham

est upheaval in local government in Brit-

Borough Council’s regeneration

THE DEVELOPMENT THE BOROUGH:

OF

Newham Borough Council was only formed in 1965 and was formerly known as two separate County Boroughs thusly: East Ham and West Ham, along with the North Woolwich area – a former Metropolitan Borough (Griffiths et al., 1968, pp.5). The creation of the new Borough was a result of the London Government re-organization following the Royal Commission’s reported findings and proposals on London Local Government (Sharpe,

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ain” (RIBA vol.74, 8, 1967, pp.327). The intention was to eliminated all local au-

programme (Nelsson, 2018).

thorities, including the LCC which soon became Greater London Council (GLC).

Before the reorganisation of London local Government was finalised, regeneration programmes for, what is presently Newham, began to slow as new policies for housing in London started to be pushed onto Local Authorities (Griffiths et al., 1968, pp. 5). These policies proposed a new expected housing typology that took on the form of high density living with a small footprint. This coupled with the vast shortage of skilled labour PostWar meant that London Boroughs began

Ronan Point: A Prefabricated Disaster • 15 • Hannah Faulkner

to struggle meeting housing figure demands, and so Lo-

it…whereas with Larsen-Nielsen, he felt you could have

cal Authority architects were quickly forced to become

some aesthetic input!” (Glandinning and Muthesius,

more innovative with design and construction methods,

1994, pp.208). TWA, the licensees of the Larson Nielsen

thus the prompt birth of industrialised building, using

system, were commonly contracted by the LCC and Mr

system-build construction methods, and as we already

North had his sights set on securing them as West Ham’s

know, “the more you innovate without development, the

contractors. However, due to the difference of council

greater are the risks” (Inquiry: The Great British Housing

sizes, where LCC was a much bigger county council than

Disaster, 1984) - Cue the construction of Ronan Point.

Newham’s predecessor West Ham, it meant West Ham

THE SYSTEM:

struggled to deal with the large capacity and rapid out-

The systems that were considered for the build were

involved in design and contractual arrangements was in

Camus and Larsen Nielsen [See Appendix for further details]. Newham Borough Council eventually decided to adopt the Larsen Nielsen system as a new construction method in efforts to continue to expand their housing programme.

T. E. North (formerly West Ham Borough’s Architect) was adamant about utilising the Larsen Nielsen system as he believed it allowed for more architectural input as op[ Fig 14 :

oppoSite page] pHoto ronan point FolloWing itS partial collapSe in 1968 ( grapH oF

posed to the Camus system. As quoted in Glandinning and Muthesius’ Tower Block book, “Camus was a terri-

ble, crude design, there was no possibility of changing

[Fig 15 : above] t. e. nortH, WeSt Ham borougH’S arcHitect (tHe timeS, 1968)

put of the company, thus North’s intention to be heavily effect passed over to Taylor Woodrow-Anglian (Glandinning and Muthesius, 1994, pp.208). The capacity that TWA needed to work at to keep afloat meant that North and his team had to focus on the provision of new sites which took them away from their intended role.

THE EXPLOSION: The construction of Ronan Point tower block was completed in 1968, built using T. E. North’s much desired system of choice, the Larsen Nielsen system. Although shortly after the building was open to the public in 1968, the collapse of its south-east flank wall [Fig 14] occurred following a gas explosion, killing 4 people (Webb, 2018).

“The more you innovate without development, the greater are the risks.”.

The gas explosion happened in Ivy Hodge’s apartment on the 18th floor [Fig 16] due to gas leak in her kitchen (Levy and Salvadori, 1994, pp76). Miss Hodge awoke in

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Ronan Point: A Prefabricated Disaster • 17 • Hannah Faulkner

[ Fig 18 : above] pHotograpH ronan point’S partial collapSe in 1968 (graveS, 1968) oF

[ Fig 19:

rigHt]

diagram

ex-

plaining progreSSive collapSe

(currie, et.al., 1987)

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the early hours of the morning to make a cup of tea and

horizontal force of the explosion caused a load bearing

it was a match struck by herself to put the kettle on that

wall panel to blow out, meant that the floor slab above

prompted the explosion. It was later discovered follow-

was left unsupported causing it to fall onto the floor slab

ing an inquiry, that the gas leak was a result of an inferior

below. The over loading of this floor slab then caused

nut [Fig 17] used for a pipe joint that was overtightened

panels below to collapse progressively [Fig 18+19]. This

and consequently fractured, allowing gas to leak out

is commonly cited as the ‘House of Cards’ effect (Webb,

(Griffiths et al., 1968, pp.22). The fitting of Ivy Hodge’s

2018). Given the explosion was concluded to be of no

cooker and thus the presence of the substandard nut

significant magnitude but was “a type that must be an-

was carried out by her friend Charles Pike, who had no

ticipated in domestic buildings” (Griffiths et al., 1968,

specialised training as a gas fitter (Griffiths et al., 1968,

pp.3), the blow out of a flank wall panel was still some-

pp.21). However, Mr Pike was not to blame for the explo-

thing that should not have occurred and therefore at-

sion, as both the Gas Council and the North Thames Gas

tention was moved towards the structure of Ronan Point

Board found his work “in accordance to good practice”

and the calculated loads that informed it.

(Griffiths et al., 1968, pp.21).

THE INQUIRY:

THE COLLAPSE:

After the collapse, a public inquiry took place which

The most concerning issue of the explosion was the pro-

enabled investigators to determine the cause of the ex-

gressive collapse of the tower block, as it was this action

plosion. It also allowed for forensic examination of the

that killed and injured many, not the gas explosion. The

construction to be carried out and subsequently, such

way the structure was designed and the fact that the

results were published in the 1968 inquiry report.

Ronan Point: A Prefabricated Disaster • 18 • Hannah Faulkner

One issue that was raised in the

Joints: In the assembly of the structure, joints were

inquiry report, was regarding the overseeing of site

Supervision:

highlighted as the underlying issue. Specifically, the H2

construction. It was made clear by professionals in the

joints [Fig 20] (the connection between the load bearing

industry that a “high degree of site supervision was vi-

external walls and floor slabs) in the flank wall. At the

tal” since system-build was a new type of construction

time, the biggest issue seen with the joints was the loose

method that not everyone in the industry was famil-

packing of dry mortar, which showed a potential level

iar with. The fact that the resident engineer, appointed

of negligence in the joint work of the building. Further

by Phillips Consultants Limited to monitor and provide

investigation showed there was also issues with the tie

on-site supervision, was very young, inexperienced and

plates that formed the connection of the horizontal pan-

lacked communication skills, clearly fell short of the level

el joints.

of competency required. He was so inexperienced that

Tie Plates: It was revealed that the effectiveness of

he was not yet a fully qualified engineer according to the Ronan Point inquiry report (Griffiths et al., 1968, pp.37).

looSe

packing

oF dry mortar

the tie plates [Fig 20] was reduced due to the shape of the insert holes present in the floor slab through which

The mortar mix used in Ronan Point indicated further su-

they were supposed to be bolted in to (Griffiths et al.,

pervisory weaknesses as the mix specified by Chief Engi-

1968, pp. 36). Although this allowed for easier assembly

neer Mr V. Watson, “was intended to be 1 to 1 [cement to

of the panels, unfortunately, it also encouraged move-

sand] at the base of the tower, changing to 1 to 2 over the

ment between the panel joints. Phillips Consultants Lim-

top half of the tower” (Griffiths et al., 1968, pp.37). How-

ited appeared to disregard the value of these tie plates

ever, the workman who carried out the mixing revealed

which, according to the Ronan Point inquiry report, may

that he had used a mix of 1 to 1 throughout (Wearne,

have in turn “inadvertently engendered a rather careless

1999, pp.145) and although, this mistake was concluded

attitude to the fitting of them” (Griffiths et al., 1968, pp.

to only be “an error on the side of safety” (Griffiths et al.,

36). This evidently was true as many of the tie plates were

1968, pp.37) it brings into question the level of commu-

not screwed down and tightened sufficiently.

nication and supervision.

“A high degree of site supervision was vital.”.

tie plateS looSe

packing

oF dry mortar

[Fig 20a : top] Joint detail SHoWing interior Wall and Floor Slab connection oF ronan point (autHor, 2018) [Fig 20b :

btm]

ronan point’S H2 Flank (autHor,

Joint detail SuSpected aS-built

2018)

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WATERSPORTS + FOOD MARKET AREA

Urban Design Project 1

REBUILDING COMMUNITIES EL L E SM ERE P O R T

RESIDENTIAL AREA

HOTEL AREA

15 ELLESMERE PORT URBAN DESIGN REPORT

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Ellesmere Port Canal in Cheshire can be found on the southern shore of the Mersey estuary. The site has a 200 year old history comprising of the original Shropshire Union Canal docks, locks and buildings from the late 18th century. The site boundaries include the Manchester Ship Canal to the North East, the M53 to the South and some of the main points of interest in the area are The National Waterways Museum and Whitby Lighthouse.

The design proposal revolves around the idea of bringing back the interest to the docks and providing better leisure facilities, outdoor activities and pleasant environment to its residents as well as tourists. With this idea in mind, the overpowering car activity in the area will be addressed by utilizing a cycle scheme throughout as well as a general site pedestrianization. The new central area will consist of Water Sports Centre, craft workshops, local market as well as restaurants, bars and spa and leisure zone. An important part of the site is its historical background which is currently not well utilized within the surroundings. In order to support the historical heritage there will be workshops related to the National Waterways museum and also the local market, which will support the local independent businesses. Another aspect with high priority in this urban design development is the provision of open, green spaces in order to allow a break from the busy central zone as well as more activities for the people visiting.

Site photos

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at prevented direct access

sis of the site was mainly owards the site’s historical he gated residential square issues that we efront. of theKey pavilions

arking

hat prevented direct access e we found that we could e but restrictions prevented towards the site’s historical des. While this may be doseresidential community, of the pavilions eparking we aim to open up the ctions to create a market ews towards aspects of site we found that we could tory. e but restrictions prevented sides. While this may be ons residential within the square ted community, use we aimas to shelter open upfor the other than irections to create a market ing spaces.

As shown in views towards aspects of will propose to repurpose history.for market stalls for helter duce and crafts. vilions within the square e other an than asofshelter for moving area massing arking spaces.

As shown her point of access to thein e will propose repurpose key view acrosstothe water s shelter for market stalls for use. produce and crafts.

BEFORE: GATED RIVATE RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY

Before (left): Gated private residential property

After (right): Public food market with residential area

BEFORE: GATED RIVATE RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY

Before (left): Private residential parking area

After (right): Public food market with residential area

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removing an area of massing

BEFORE: PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL AREA OVERPOWERED B

BY

AFTER : PUBLIC SQUARE / FOOD MARKET / RESIDENTIAL AFTER : PUBLIC SQUARE / FOOD MARKET / RESIDENTIAL UNITSUNITS

AFTER: :PUBLIC PUBLICSQUARE SQUARE/ /FOOD FOODMARKET MARKET/ /RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIALUNITS UNITS AFTER

BEFORE: PUBLIC FOODFOOD MARKET WITHWITH RESIDENTIAL AREA AREA BEFORE: PUBLIC MARKET RESIDENTIAL 2020 Portfolio Hannah Faulkner

121

CAR POLLUTION VS PEDESTRIANIZATION SITE STUDY CAR POLLUTION VS PEDESTRIANIZATION

Car pollution vs. pedestrianisation

CLUTTER VS DECLUTTER UNUTILISED VIEWS VS CULLEN TYPOLOGY VS.

UNUTILISED VIEWS VS CULLEN TYPOLOGY

Unutilised views vs. cullen typology

LACK OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY VS PROPOSAL VS.

LACK OF UTILIZED GREEN SPACE VS PROPOSED URBAN PARK LACK OF UTILIZED GREEN SPACE VS PROPOSED URBAN PARK

Lack of outdoor activity vs. active

URBAN PARK

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proposal

VS.

LACK OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY VS PROPOSAL

CLUTTER VS DECLUTTER LACK OF UTILIZED GREEN SPACE VS PROPOSED URBAN PARK

LACK OF OUTDOOR ACTIVIT MASSING

DESIGN DEVELOPM

LACK OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY VS PROPOSAL Lack of utilised green space vs.

CLUTTER VS DECLUTTER

proposed urban VS.

park

KEY VIEWS

MASSING

LACK OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY VS PROPOSAL Clutter vs.

VS.

declutter

BUILDINGS

LACK OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY VS PROPOSAL

KEY VIEWS

Too much hard surfacing vs. introducing soft VS.

LACK OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY VS PROPOSAL

landscape

EXISTING S

14 ELLESMERE PORT URBAN DESIGN REPORT

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BUILDING 123

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

MASSING TO BE REMOVED

MASSING + KEY VIEWS

WATERSPORTS + FOOD MARKET AREA

KEY VIEWS

PEDESTRIAN + CYCLE PATH

BUILDINGS TO+ food BE market RETAINED Watersports area WATERSPORTS + FOOD MARKET AREA

LANDSCAPING

EXISTING SITE

PROPOSED SCHEME

RESIDENTIAL AREA Residential area

TH

HOTEL AREA RESIDENTIAL AREA

T 124

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WATERSPORTS + FOOD MARKET AREA

EDESTRIAN + CYCLE PATH

RESIDENTIAL AREA

NDSCAPING

OPOSED SCHEME

HOTEL AREA

Hotel area

15 ELLESMERE PORT URBAN DESIGN REPORT

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125

4

3

1

2

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1

1

Market Square

2

2

Urban Park

2

3

Urban Park Urban Park

2

Urban Park

2

4

Site axonometric (left) Micro studies (right) 3

Residential Area

4

Craft Craft Workshops and Sensory Garden Workshops Craft and Workshops Sensory and Garden Sensory Garden

4

4

4

Craft Workshops and Sensory Garden

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N

Scale 1: 1000

ELLESMERE PORT : MASTERPLAN PROPOSAL HANNAH FAULKNER RHIANNON GRAHAM ROSANA DOSEVA

Masterplan

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ELLESMERE PORT : SERIAL VISION AND KEY AREAS

Section A-A

2

Section B-B

D D C B

C

B A A

Key Plan : View Points

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1

Open Cinema Area

2

Entrance to Market Square

3

Section C-C

3

3

Market Square

4

Section D-D

Secondary Entrance to Market Square Square

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAMATICAL STUDIES Diagramatical site studies addressing the key issues that have been resolved such as general pedestrianisation, expansion of green areas, rationalised massing and newly added pedestrian network.

Urban Design Individual Project

MARKET SQUARE EL L E SM ERE P O R T

PERTY

AFTER : PUBLIC SQUARE / FOOD MARKET / RESIDENTIAL UNITS

RPOWERED BY

BEFORE: PUBLIC FOOD MARKET WITH RESIDENTIAL AREA

PRO

PROPOSED GREEN ZONES 12 ELLESMERE PORT URBAN DESIGN REPORT

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PRO

The initial analysis of the overall site was mainly focused around the gated residential square along the waterfront. Below are a few key issues that were identified: • Restrictions that prevented direct access to the square • Lack of views towards the site’s historical landmarks • Lack of purpose of the pavilions • Excessive car parking Upon visiting the site it was found that a visitor could see into the square but restrictions prevented access from all sides. While this may be suitable for a gated residential community, with a change of use, the proposal aims to open

up the square from all directions to create a market place, providing views towards aspects of Ellesmere Port’s history.

By simply removing an area of massing, another point of access can be created into the square as well as a key view across the water towards the lighthouse.

Finally, the existing pavilions within the square have no real use other than as shelter for additional car parking spaces. As shown in the exploded axo sketch above, part of the sites proposal intends to repurpose these pavilions as multi-functioning shelter for market stalls for the sale of local produce and crafts.

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massing manipulation + development of existing footprint

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Site axonometric

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Site plan

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Visual 1: Garden Square

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Visual 2: Market Square Pavilions

Section

Visual 3: Arcades

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PERSONAL STATEMENT

Sheffield's School of Architecture focuses on the importance of sustainability in today's environment and has taught me the key role it plays towards successful Urban Design. Urban Design was a topic I was keen to further my education in and is what ultimately led me towards the decision to study my Masters in Architecture at Liverpool John Moores University, as Urban Design is a topic which LJMU pride themselves in the successful education of.

While learning many new drawing and programming skills during my time at the University of Sheffield, my year in practice further developed these skills along with my ability to negotiate, compromise, and clearly present ideas.

This has allowed me to contribute and work effectively within a variety of teams. Critical analysis has also played an important role throughout my studies in architecture and is a skill that I have developed over the years.

After leaving the University of Sheffield, I was selected from a large number of applicants to undertake my Part 1 at Calderpeel Architects, in Altrincham.

This was based on my CV and portfolio, which the Directors found to be very creative and of a high standard. They also found my personality to be a wellsuited match for their office environment.

During my year in practice, I was selected to join a small design team within the firm that entered competitions. The competition designs were worked on and entered in our own time and often involved meeting with a variety of people. Our good teamwork, critical analysis and enthusiasm within the group proved successful when one of our submissions was successfully long-listed for an international RIBA competition.

Since leaving Calderpeel Architects in 2017, I have gained commercial experience by working as a customer service assistant in a pharmaceutical sales company over the 2017 Christmas period whilst also securing another 140

Hannah Faulkner 2020 Portfolio

job coaching gymnastics for South Ribble Gymnastics Club, a position I still hold and enjoy.

I have built up my independence by spending January to February 2018 travelling around the Southeast coast of Australia. I have also been fortunate enough to visit other countries and thus have gained plenty of first-hand experiences of diversely formed cities, ranging from Sydney to Amsterdam and several more in between.

Upon my return from Australia, I took up a drafting job in a Civil and Structural Consulting Engineer's practice to help relieve their workload while at the same time gaining experience on the later stages (4-7) of the RIBA Plan of Work. I have also been able to extend my knowledge of how other practices work in association with Architects, as well as hone my AutoCAD skills. I had previously worked at the practice providing receptionist cover and administrative duties during my summer break in 2014.

My overall career objective is to become, not simply a RIBA Chartered architect, but a successful one. I have since began and completed my Masters in Architecture at Liverpool John Moores University and am looking towards taking my next step in achieving this goal by gaining experience in a respected Architectural practice, further developing my understanding of an Architect’s role in the real world.

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: Hannah Faulkner D.O.B: 17.04.1995

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 01. September 2016 - September 2017 Calderpeel Architects (RIBA Part 1 Placement)

02. 2014 Summer/2018 - 2019 Carr Faulkner Associates (Civil & Structural Consultants)

Part of a team working on a wide range of residential projects including luxury private residential properties, which Calderpeel has earned a reputation in. Employed to assist Architects and Technicians with designing and drawing work for projects at various stages.

Provided assistance in the tender and construction stages of projects.

Drafting technician (working primarily in AutoCAD).

Attending site visits with an Engineer (stages 4-7 of RIBA Plan of Work) Writing up structural reports.

Filling jobs into system Managing ‘Time & Billing’ software.

Greeting clients + answering phones.

SOFTWARE AutoCAD: advanced SketchUp: advanced Microsoft Word: advanced Microsoft Excel: advanced Microsoft Powerpoint: advanced Adobe Photoshop CC: advanced Adobe InDesign CC: advanced

Adobe Illustrator CC: Enscape: Autodesk ReCap: Vectorworks: Artlantis: Revit:

advanced good good good basic basic

EDUCATION

SKILLS

PASTIMES, HOBBIES + AWARDS

2018 – 2020 Liverpool John Moores University Masters in Architecture (March)

CREATIVITY - The ability to turn new and imaginative ideas into a reality.

GYMNASTICS - I attended a local Gymnastics club from age 5 - 15. I represented Lancashire and North West and competed Internationally.

2013 - 2016 University of Sheffield BA (Hons) Architectural Studies

2011 - 2013 Runshaw College, Leyland Mathematics Fine Art Business Studies

2007 - 2011 Parklands High School, Chorley 11 GCSEs

TEAMWORK - Able to work within small and large teams in a professional and public environment.

TIME MANAGEMENT - Excellent time management skills which I utilise to prioritise my workload to ensure the deadlines are met with the ability to visualise, articulate and solve complex problems into practical solutions.

LEADERSHIP - Acquired from coaching at gymnastics club, visiting Primary Schools to teach P.E.

I am a fully qualified coach, currently working part time during weekends and evenings at a local gymnastics club.

CHEERLEADING - I started a cheerleading team with friends to represent Parklands High School, and we achieved places 1st and 2nd at the National Cheerleading Championships.

SKIING - I have skied since the age of 11 and achieved ESF awards.

COMMUNICATION - The ability to confidently communicate with employers, clients and the public, including dealing with complaints.

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MASSING + KEY VIEWS

WATERSPORTS + FOOD MARKET AREA

PEDESTRIAN + CYCLE PATH

: GATED RIVATE RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY

LANDSCAPING

AFTER : PUBLIC SQUARE / FOOD MARKET / RESIDENTIAL UNITS

RESIDENTIAL AREA

ST D OM

IN G O

RD

PROPOSED SCHEME HEY

HOTEL AREA

: PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL AREA OVERPOWERED BY

WO

RTH

ST

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Portfolio 2020

BEFORE: PUBLIC FOOD MARKET RESIDENTIAL AREA ELLESMEREWITH PORT URBAN DESIGN REPORT

HANNAH FAULKNER Masters

of

Liverpool School

Architecture of

Art

and

Design

ELLESMERE PORT URBAN DESIGN RE