Contents
1. Introduction 2. Historical Maps 3. Analysing Billerhuder Insel 4. The Plots 5. The Proposal 6. Phasing 7. Site Development Overview 8. Cost Appraisal 9. Environmental Strategy 10. Appendix
1. Introduction
Moritz Schreber started the Schrebergarten movement in the mid 1800’s, with the intention of making people aware of the inherent value of gardening and outdoor activity. The Schrebergartens on the island of Billerhuder, East of Hamburg city centre, formed in 1921. After the destruction of Hamburg in 1943, a scarcity of food and housing led to the establishment of new allotments on the island. Today, new inhabitants have to abide by particular rules to avail of an allotment lease - they are not permitted to live on site as permanent residents and are not allowed to ‘winterise’ the dwelling. This culture of inner-city, low density, hinterland is in high demand amongst the citizens of Hamburg. Furthermore, due to an increased demand for new inner city residential developments, through its Chamber of Commerce, the city has put forward proposals to turn Billerhuder into a new mixed residential and industrial quarter. Our master plan offers an alternative to the overhaul of Billerhuder Insel. Billerhuder Insel will offer inspiration, and take part in generating new opportunities for the people of Hamburg to collectively enjoy weekend leisure pursuits. Architectural interventions to the South will reflect the nature of the island; an expansive new infrastructure, a series of paths and gardens, will allow people to wander and enjoy the water’s edge. Arts and crafts workshops will offer a social counterpoint to the introverted schrebergarden huts. These are key nodes which will take advantage of the industrial resources in place, to change the nature of a single-use industrial landscape; and offer places of interest to the city-dwellers where they can escape their nine to five and explore and adopt new pastimes.
Hamburg City
“Of all of Germany’s large cities, none is more unknown, in its appearance and essence, than Hamburg” - Lichtwark1 At the end of the 19th Century Alfred Lichtwark feared that amnesia threatened the future of Hamburg’s urban community; the stupendous growth of population needed to be matched by a corresponding growth in the substance of the civic polity. The state of its civil society would be measured by the strength of a sense of community and tradition, rather than by the number of its institutions and their membership. Civic identity and the health of the civic community, Licthwark believed, depended on an awareness of a shared past, which would lend weight to the idea of a common present.2
1. Lichtwark, Hamburg: Niederscachsen, quoted in Klessmann, Geschichte der Stadt Hamburg, 9. 2. J. Jenkins, Provincial Modernity: Local Culture & Liberal Politics in Fin-De-siècle Hamburg, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 2003, p. 218.
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Gartenkolonie Billerhude
Site Location in relation to Hamburg City Centre
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2. Historical Maps - 1881
In 1881, Billerhuder Insel was a relatively untouched part of the mainland of Billw채rder with road connections East/West meandering along the river Bille.
/1887
Some settlements developed along the road; these occured mainly to the South of the road avoiding marshlands towards the water’s edge. Farmland boundaries can be seen in the map and proposed road and canal networks can be seen (dashed lines to the top left) with a proposed bridge connection across the Bille North to South.
/1903
In the map shown, there is a significant leap in the development of transport links. It is unclear as to how much of what the map shows had been established or simply proposed. Some of the routes on the previous page had been established, further grids of proposed streets appear, a new rail line had also been proposed at this time. New canals, both established and proposed also carve up the site.
/1904
Obviously, there is some inconsistency between the 1904 & 1903 maps. What should be noted here however, is the established industrial and residential developments south of the Bille.
/1911
The map shown supports the 1903 map as a strategy for future development of the area. The canals running West to East were constructed, creating the Billerhuder Island. Evidence suggests not all of what is shown in this map came to fruition. On aerial shots of the island there is no evidence to suggest that the Gustav Kunst Street ever came into being.
The Proposal
The proposal is informed by the specific landuses which were established at the turn of the 20th Century. New craft industries will take inspiration from the neighbouring industries. The suggestion of a well connected infrastructure in the historical maps has led to key moves which create a number of informal pedestrian routes, these allow visitors to explore a renewed industrial landscape full of social potential.
3. Analysing Billerhuder Insel The Three-faced island
Billerhuder has three adjacent land masses. North is residential, South is industrial (specifically logistic), and East has more Schrebergartens. The island is in a melting pot of people living, working and playing. Tensions are evident in these juxtapositions as well as within the island itself. Noise complaints, plot envy and exhibitionism give the Island character. Distancing from the ‘real world’, heightened by the canal, rivers and minimal contact with the city make the island a place to escape. The South canal marks a geographic contrast - concrete and steel industry against timber and soil gardens. Industry relies on a road through Billerhunder for trade, which has the only existing road bridges linking the island to the city. Contrasts in scale, both height and density, exist between the North, South, and the Island.
South - Industry (Logistics) North - Residential East - Schrebergarten
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Billerhuder Barcode
The grid segments have definite fronts and backs; buildings sitting either on the road edge, at the back of the plot, or in the centre.
Average Building Position All Buildings
Billerhuder Fingerprint
After the razing of Hamburg in 1943 the island was used to permanently house survivors. Previous rules denying ‘winterising’ of plots were bypassed and masonry dwellings were built around the island. Today permanent residency is again denied except the few still living in the houses built in ‘43. Anything built after 1950 is deemed a temporary structure therefore must be built of timber and have limited lifespan. Most ’43 buildings have been demolished or drastically refurbished and extended. The Island became such in 1921 in the channelling of Bille programme.
1943-50 1950-83 Post 1983 Bille River Canal (1921)
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The Plots
Each segment of the grid consists of two main conditions: islands and allotments. The islands (yellow) sit on the road edge and generally have buildings positioned in the centre of the plot - furthest from any neighbours and resulting in four sides of garden space. These plots are seldom used for growing vegetables; instead being used for growing flowers, as children’s play areas, and al fresco entertaining amongst other mysterious things. Allotments (purple) are found in the centre of the grid. Buildings sit at the closest edge to the road to allow a vast shadow-free space for farming, and for convenience as they have no vehicular access but are entered through paths between islands. These plots are fully hidden from public view and allow a strong sense of seclusion and privacy.
Island/ Hedge/ Allotment Individual Plot Space Built 1943-50 Built 1950-83 Built Post 1983
Access
With two Allotments for every Island, one access path serves four plots. Paths are generally wide enough for wheelbarrow access and Islands sometimes have two accesses, one from the street and one from the side or rear.
Island 1 Access Island 2 Access Allotment 1 Access Allotment 2 Access
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Cross-examination of the Existing Gardens
To understand the Genius Loci of Billerhuder, one must scour the island and witness its intrigues, oddities, and nuances. Having recently passed its centenary the island bears one hundred years of history, including the tales of people, events and its nature. It is unexpectedly easy to be consumed by the islands grid; the voyeur may spend a whole day soaking in its ineffable spirit. The following attempts to capture an essential notion of the island through analysed photographs and architectural plans of select gardens.
Gardens/ Industry (South)
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Gardens/ Residential (North)
Gardens/ Gardens (East)
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West Section The Western edge of the island provides a cross section representational off the island, incorporating the river, dwellings, gardens, trees and the main road. The island sits four metres above water level and is inaccessible to the public, being claimed by boating clubs. Most of the islands buildings are one storey with a few exceptions, which take advantage of the four metre drop to add another storey. The road consumes a large area and splits the island into two sides. In the East, private plots replace the boating clubs, meaning the edge is still inaccessible to public.
The Roads
Main Road 50km/h
Smaller Roads (Vehicular and Pedestrian) 10km/h
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Biller Ruder Club (1883)
Motorboot Club (1980)
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4. The Plots #17
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#38
35
#80
37
#86
39
#89
41
#92
43
#94
45
#100a
47
#289
49
#292
51
#376
53
#517
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5. The Proposal - Site Map
/Land Use
/Transport Network
/Figure Ground & Existing Landscape
Base Map for the Masterplan
/Points of Interest
Proposals are influenced by the role of existing businesses in the district of Rothenburgsort.
Existing key nodes. Food resources - wholesale retail, production & restaurants. Retail & Industries.
/New Pedestrian Infrastructure
An extensive new pedestrian network allows visitors to the site to withdraw from the industrial streets to the water’s edge.
Proposed landscape improvements. Water’s edge path. Bridges.
/Architectural Interventions
The architecture generated allows a mix of craft industries to generate a new social aspect to the otherwise introverted industrial area. *The following section shows the phased development of the masterplan. Appropriated sites. Proposed reuse. New build interventions.
6. Phasing - Base Map
/Phase 1
Initial Interventions allow creative’s to gather and discuss their contributions to a new craft based movement. Social gathering grows through the establishment of a craft market and the fruit and vegetable swap market. The community based crafts include the construction of small pavilions in the landscape.
/Phase 2
The community of crafts-people grows with demands for facilities which cater to a greater array of creative pursuits. Additionally, to maximise the capabilities of these sites, specific education based sites are subsidised by Hamburg City to facilitate further exploration.
/Phase 3
Local businesses become aware of the value of the new small industries and contribute funds to increase economic interests in the Rothenburgsort area. The impact has a dual effect - the backing of big business in its neighbours revitalises the attitude of people towards traditional craft; additionally, the area itself improves its social condition as schrebergarden owners mix with the people who work in the area and a new population of visitors.
/Phase 4
Work and play were clearly separated by the canal. The boundaries have been ignored and the mixing of industry, art, craft and culture allow the district to thrive with no single dependancy on any particular role.
7. Site Development Overview - Chapter 1
Local businesses and public gather on the south side of the Island. An architecture develops to facilitate the building of public follies.
Chapter 2
Follies emerge serving particular public bodies. Boyscouts, jugglers, and basket weavers. 83
Chapter 3
Prcoesses take to the water and businesses work with people to create craft installations.
Chapter 4
The follies give the public a rightful access to the area; something it never had. 85
8. Cost Appraisal Source Information The buildings which make up the cultural and industrial nodes - the workshops, the social spaces and market places - have been costed based on precedents found on www.german-architects.com. As part of improvements to the public realm, a water’s edge walkway/cycle-way is proposed. The development of a strong pedestrian infrastructure is vital to maintain an interest in the masterplan site and its craft-works. Estimated cost of that infrastructure is outlined below. 572m of proposed pedestrian bridges, an estimated cost of €2,783,924 @ €4,867/m. 10,865m2 of proposed water’s edge hard landscaping, an estimated cost of €1,999,160 @ €184/m2. Approximately 160,000m2 of proposed soft and hard landscape improvements, an estimated cost of €10,080,000 @ €63/m2. An overall estimate of €98,293,047 for the 26.7 Hectare site will be invested over the course of the next 12 years to establish a new craft based cultural quarter in Hamburg. HafenCity Philharmonie alone will eventually cost around €800,000,000. The small scale developments in Rothenburgsort would provide a variety of opportunities for a new visitor population to socialise, explore craft, and learn about a sustainable future for small industries.
Cultural & Industrial Nodes Workshop refurbishment in Köln by Kister Scheithauer Gross. Completion - 2009 Area - 4,200m2 Cost - €2.4M / €571/ m2 Visitors Centre & Restaurant near Solingen by Pape + Pape Architekten. Completion - 2010 Area - 3,000m2 Cost - €3.5M / €1,166/m2
Fabrikationshalle in Weißach by Feuerstein + Gerken. Completion - 2006 Area - 580m2 Cost - €0.7M / €1,207/m2
Workshop for people with disabilities in Berlin by GAP. Completion - 2008 Area - 3,000m2 Cost - €3.6M / €1,200/m2
Cultural & Industrial Nodes Stadthaus am Markt in Frankfurt by Christian Bauer & Associés. Estimated Completion - 2014 Area - 3,556m2 Cost - €14.2M / €3,993/m2
Loki Schmidt House in the Botanical Gardens Museum of Crops, in Hamburg by Bernhard Winking Architekten. Completion - 2014 Area - 815m2 Cost - €1.1M / €1,349/m2
IBA smart price housing in Hamburg by BeL. Completion - 2013 Area - 994m2 Cost - €710/m2 Open air community theatre in Reutlingen by 4a Architekten. Completion - 2008; Area - 1,065m2 Cost - €1.1M / €1,032/m2 Theatererweiterung in Heidelberg by Waechter + Waechter Architekten. Completion - 2012 Area - 15,440m2 Cost - €62.0M / €4,015/m2 Miele entrance canopy in Gütersloh by Van den Valentyn Architekten. Completion 2007 Area - 5,200m2 Cost - €2.5M / €480/m2 87
Landscape
Hafen City landscaping by Simons-Hinze. Completed - 2015 Area - 81,600m2 Cost - €15.0M / €184/m2 An der Alster 1 by Simons-Hinze. Completed - 2007 Area - 3,200m2 Cost - €0.2M / €63/m2 Horizontweg in Hamburg by Martin Sauerzapfe. Completed - 2013 Area - 1,500m2 Cost - €4.6M / €4,867/m
Phase 1 & 2 - initial 4 year development
Phase 3 - 4 year development
Phase 4 - 4 year development
Phase 1
Community forum growth (658m2 refurb.) €375,718 @ €571/m2 Cider press & micro-breweries (896m2) €1,075,200 @ €1,200/m2
Community forum theatre (3,608m2 refurb.)
Community forum (95m2) Fruit & vegetable swap market (388m2) Craft market (1,024m2)
€110,770 @ €1,166/m2 €186,240 @ €480/m2 €188,416 @ €184/m2
Total phase cost €485,426 Phase 2 Community forum growth through refurbishment (605m2) Fruit & vegetable swap expansion (388m2)
€345,455 @ €571/m €186,240 @ €480/m2
Boat building sheds (962m2 refurb.) Boat building sheds (693m2 new build)
€549,302 @ €571/m2 €831,600 @ €1,200/m2
Community kitchens (936m2) Enclosed gardens (1,118m2)
€1,091,376 @ €1,166/m2 €70,434 @ €63/m2
Dendrology site (1,646m2) Dendrology site landscape (7,230m2) Community orchard (6,862m2)
€1,975,200 @ €1,200/m2 €455,490 @ €63/m2 €432,306 @ €63/m2
Glass-blowing facility (3,346m2)
€4,015,200 @ €1,200/m2
Timber craft works (456m2)
€547,200 @ €1,200/m2
Artist’s camp (139m2)
€98,690 @ €710/m2
Pigment makers (1,614m2)
€921,594 @ €571/m2
2
Total phase cost €11,520,087
Boat building sheds expansion (829m2)
€994,800 @ €1,200/m2
Community kitchens expansion (1,007m2) Enclosed gardens expansion (823m2) Truck & car park (3,292m2)
€1,174,162 @ €1,166/m2 €51,849 @ €63/m2 €1,975,200 @ €600/m2
Dendrology site growth (3,027m2 refurb.)
€9,113,808 @ €2,526/m2*
*theatre cost assumed average between two precedents given.
Boat building sheds expansion (4,706m2 refurb.) €2,687,126 @ €571/m2 Boat building shed expansion (3,662m2 new build) €4,394,400 @ €1,200/m2 Community kitchens expansion (2,021m2)
€2,356,486 @ €1,166/m2
€1,728,417 @ €571/m2
Dendrology site growth (2,975m2)
€3,570,000 @ €1,200/m2
Ceramics workshop (1,116m2) Paper mill (1,104m2) Botanics centre (665m2) Metal craft workshop(923m2)
€1,339,200 @ €1,200/m2 €1,324,800 @ €1,200/m2 €897,085 @ €1,349/m2 €1,107,600 @ €1,200/m2
Ceramics workshop expansion (883m2) Paper mill expansion (2,619m2) Botanics centre theatre on the water (150m2) Metal craft works expansion (1,482m2)
€1,059,600 @ €1,200/m2 €3,142,800 @ €1,200/m2 €154,800 @ €1,032/m2 €846,222 @ €571/m2
Schreber museum (1,524m2)
€6,085,332 @ €3,993/m2
Fenster maker & timber merchant (3,240m2 refurb.)
Fenster maker & timber merchant expansion (13,118m2)
€7,490,378 @ €571/m2
€1,850,040 @ €571/m2
Linseed refinery expansion (2,583m2)
€3,099,600 @ €1,200/m2
Linseed farm (2,989m2) Linseed refinery (821m2 refurb.) Linseed refinery (726m2 new build)
€3,586,800 @ €1,200/m2 €468,791 @ €571/m2 €871,200 @ €1,200/m2
Artist’s camp expansion (452m2)
€320,920 @ €710/m2
Pigment makers expansion (3,135m2)
€3,762,000 @ €1,200/m2
Restaurant & gallery (1,202m2) Schrebergalleries (788m2)
€1,401,532 @ €1,166/m2 €945,600 @ €1,200/m2
Coffee shop & gallery (324m2) €377,784 @ €1,166/m2 Farm shop (1,496m2) €1,795,200 @ €1,200/m2.
Total phase cost €27,253,326
Total phase cost €44,171,124 Overall build cost
€83,429,963
Total development cost
€98,293,047
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9. Environmental Strategy
Due to the nature of the proposal, raw materials are both important to the initial construction of the scheme, but also to sustain the processes which occur on site thereafter. The following materials will be considered in producing the varied architectural responses of the masterplan Steel - The nearest manufacturer of steel for the construction industry is ArcelorMittal located in Waltershof 18km South West of the site. The close proximity of the plant suggests that steel may not have a high carbon footprint; however, Germany has 100% dependence on imports for raw materials. When structures need to be flexible, with opportunities for growth or disassembly steel will be considered. If buildings need to be lightweight and have no need for thermal mass steel could also be appropriate. On site, a metal recycling plant (refer to page 22) is located to the East within the study area. This should provide ample raw materials for the metal crafts site. Concrete - Lebbin-Beton concrete plant is located to the South West of the site (refer to page 22). Where buildings require a greater thermal mass or the ability to sequester high temperatures from their processes, concrete will be considered. FlyAsh as a supplement to the cement requirements of concrete should be considered to reduce the raw material requirements of the buildings.
Timber - Multiple sites have a high dependence on timber as a raw material for craft purposes. Fortunately, as the adjacent map suggests, Germany has an abundant supply of timber. 32% of its landscape consists of forestry and this allows the country to produce more timber than it uses, making it an exceptionally renewable source of building material. Bricks - Röben bricks can be sourced in Zetel, West of Hamburg. The clinker brick production plant is 209km from the site. This will provide an alternative to the local concrete plant when a more durable material than timber is required. As part of the identity of the city, brick should not be ignored as suggested by Ute Maasberg (2015) “...in Hamburg, this tradition has been cultivated and developed over the centuries to the present with great appreciation by craftsmen, architects and artists.” References: http://en.stahl-online.de/index.php/statistics/4/#rohstoffe http://www.cement.org/docs/default-source/fc_concrete_technology/ is548-optimizing-the-use-of-fly-ash-concrete.pdf http://www.bmel.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/Publications/ ForestsInGermany-BWI.pdf?__blob=publicationFile http://www.roeben.com/de/startseite_4_1.html https://www.goethe.de/en/kul/arc/20586846.html
The environmental strategy is inspired by the Hamburg Energy bunker and locally the timber waste energy plant to the East of the site. - The ceramics workshop and glassblowing facility both generate a lot of heat (excesses of 1,000ËšC); residual heat from these sites is piped to adjacent developments. - Waste timber from the window making site, the boat building sheds, and timber craft workshop, is used to fuel surrounding sites. - The dendrology site and apple tree orchard will occassionally provide felled trees to the boat building sheds, the paper mill and other timber based craft facilities. - The linseed farm provides raw material for the linseed refinery. The refinery supplies the pigment makers facility. - The paper mill, linseed refinery, cider press & pigment makers, will all provide compost waste to be fed back into crop growing areas. - All green areas provide new habitats to maintain and grow existing wild life stock. - Water requirements are served by the canal system. 91
10. Appendix
10. Appendix
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