Liverpool 1 af,ag,fw

CONNECTING

CREATIVES URBAN DESIGN STRATEGY

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

This document is produced as a Sixth Year MArch Architectural Study into City Centre Urban Regeneration focusing on Liverpool’s Creative Quarter as an area for development.

A Creative Proposal: Two stances at opposite ends of commercialisation, power and community empowerment, straddle repelling routes that run through Liverpool’s Creative District.

The powerhouses of the business realm line primary pedestrian routes whilst the creative, warehouse dwellers of the back streets morph themselves into every affordable gap available.

The commercial giant and the creative learn to live, react and counteract each other, acting out their differences in the public realm that separates them.

INTRODUCTION

The visitor becomes the audience to an ever changing backdrop and is taken on a journey through the site which connects Liverpool’s already established districts.

CONTENTS

p.12-27

p.28-43

p.44-75

TOWARDS A CONNECTED FUTURE

Connections A New Route Secondary Routes Land Use - Values Creative Space Two Distinct Routes Six Streets

p.30-31 p.32-33 p.34-35 p.36-37 p.38-39 p.40-41 p.42-43

Urban Design Strategy Park Lane Nelson Street Jamaica Street Blundell Street Stanhope Street Grafton Street

p.46-47 p.48-53 p.54-59 p.60-63 p.64-67 p.68-71 p.72-75

ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT

BUILD ON BEAUTY

Building on Strengths p.16-17 Connecting Creatives p.20-21 A Protected Boundary p.24-25

DESIGN

USE THE EXISTING

WHAT

Now During the economic downturn Liverpool’s creative industry has taken over the drive for regeneration within the city. Settling in the Creative District, the area has become the honeypot for creative led industries, startup digital media companies and entrepreneurs. The area is rapidly becoming recognised as ‘the place to be’ for arts, media and alternative business. Born out of initiative, determination and necessity, the community of creative minded individuals tagged as ‘The Creatives’ are becoming a large force in the regeneration of the city, holding land key to connecting the city’s already established districts.

Looking to

INTRODUCTION

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Utilise the existing Build on what’s there Control investments Develop the site as a key node in Liverpool’s Pedestrian Navigational Network

City Context The decline of Liverpool’s port side industries have left a barren landscape of large flexible warehouses scattered throughout the area and a hole in the regeneration of the city centre and its surrounding districts.

Efforts to connect retail and commercial cores with Liverpool One and Lime Street’s transport hub with the Knowledge Quarter have been extremely successful or are currently under way. Working with Liverpool’s creative industry, the Creative Districts can become a distinct, unique and profitable area of the city attracting like-minded investors and tourists whilst linking into Liverpool’s large regeneration plan.

INTRODUCTION

This project - looks at the current condition of the Creative Quarter, its established residents and its geographical influence. It then assesses key venues, business models and pedestrian routes in order to connect them with investors. Thirdly, we look to produce an Urban Design Strategy to move the area forward in a mutually beneficial manner which respects and builds upon the area’s unique character, utilises and shows off its fantastic architectural heritage and establishes a single, strong and unique identity that is beneficial to its inhabitants and is crucial to Liverpool’s future.

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WHERE • 6 minute walk from the City Centre, South of Liverpool One, bordered by the Waterfront Development, Historical District, China Town and Rope Walks.

Retail & Commerc District

• Independent Profitable Business, including leading digital developers, photographers, games designers, artists, marketing agencies, mechanical engineers, bars, skate park, music venues & more…

INTRODUCTION

• Architecturally Important Buildings, Cains, The Stables, Gustav Adolf Scandinavian Church, Joseph Heap & Son Rice Mill & more…

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It Is Unique…

Turning its back on profit margins, the area is fuelled by innovation, creativity and the drive of the individual entrepreneur, the areas ground up attitude provides visionaries access to a hidden network of like-minded creatives, business support and nightlife. Low cost land and proximity to the city centre enable a flurry of usually nomadic businesses to congregate in this one location. Largely derelict warehouses give an ideal backdrop to this bohemian uprising whist offering plentiful venues to this colony of like-minded individuals.

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Creative District

INTRODUCTION

Knowledge Quarter

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OUR VISION

Development will…

• Encourage parallel developments of commercialised profit orientated developers and independent creative tenants.

• Bring creatives and developers together within a public realm strategy.

• Create employment opportunities and scales of production.

• Develop cultural and historical assets knitting them into new fabric.

• Protect the creative manifesto and the venue-like fabric of the district.

• Connect the area with the rest of the city and surrounding institutions.

Making a prime location for… alternative business, innovation, local production and creative social entertainment.

INTRODUCTION

To Create…

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• • • •

A workhouse of creative ideas, talent and skill.

A showcase of local, high quality production.

The place for alternative business development and digital skills.

The place to be for – textiles, fashion, music, art, alternative business, product design, architecture, photography, graphics, drama, dance, investment…

• A venue for debate, talks and a stage to future thinking.

• A place with a multitude of ever changing interest, residents, investors and visitors.

INTRODUCTION

To Do This we must first solidify and strengthen the current identity of the area and connect businesses in order to gain momentum for a larger Urban Design Strategy. The bohemian nature of this project must stay in charge of its commercial edge.

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ANALYSIS 12

USE THE EXISTING

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ANALYSIS

CREATIVE DISTRICT

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ANALYSIS

BUILDING ON STRENGTHS

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1. Neptune Development – accommodation, commercial opportunities and everything for the city lifestyle.

2. Woman’s Organisation - Virtual business facilities with shared front of house.

3. Kings Dock Development – £67 million development including conference centre, tram system.

ANALYSIS

4. Baltic Creative – Creative campus, studios, workshops and work spaces. A successful creative cluster of businesses.

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5. X1 - The Quarter – Riverside community apartments.

ANALYSIS

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6. Elevator Studios – Hub for artists, musicians and commercial companies,‘this is no ordinary office block’.

7. Cains Brewery Village – £50 million development of Cains Brewery introducing hotel, independent cinemas

and artisan food and drink sales.

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ANALYSIS

CAIN’S BREWERY

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ANALYSIS

CONNECTING CREATIVES

1 Supper Club

4 Woman’s Organisation

ANALYSIS

3 Theatre

2 Orchard Restaurant

6 Camp & Furnace

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7 Baltic Creative

5 Baltic Bakehouse

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These venues have an individual identity that run within a common theme and draw their own unique audiences. Bringing these venues together and combining these groups will strengthen the thread of creativity helping the inhabitants stand their ground against new commercial investors.

ANALYSIS

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ANALYSIS

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ANALYSIS

A PROTECTED BOUNDARY

30%

commercial development

creative industry

30%

ANALYSIS

SERVICES

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Analysis of creative industries in the site provides a clear visual core where established creative businesses are congregating. This core is key to the area’s success and its ability to continually re-invent itself is under threat by increased land values. This proposal puts a planning restriction around this area which says land is split between commercial developers, creative owned and service providers as follows:30% Commercial Development 30% Creative Industry, low rent, flexible space 40% Services

40%

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ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS

UNIT 51- BALTIC CREATIVE

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ANALYSIS

DEVELOPMENT 28

BUILD ON BEAUTY

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CONNECTIONS An Urban Design Strategy emerges from connecting the areas existing strengths and creative owned land. A primary route connects Liverpool One via Park Lane and Jamaica Street to Cains Brewery to the south of the site.

Additional routes strengthen core areas and connect inland districts to the new waterfront development.

Routes were developed to connect existing landmarks and develop zones along the route which were distinct, unique and interesting.

Primary Secondary

DEVELOPMENT

Landmark Building

Primary Route

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Secondary Armatures

Landmark Buildings

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DEVELOPMENT

A NEW ROUTE The new pedestrian network proposed distinguishes a primary route running north to south with secondary armatures that connect surrounding districts.

Three distinct areas have emerged:

Connect: a vital link to Liverpool’s retail and commercial district A Central Link: a civic square and honeypot site for all that is the Creative District. It acts as a destination and an intermediate point between Liverpool’s knowledge and Georgian Quarters and the Waterfront Development.

DEVELOPMENT

A New Centre: brings Cains to the forefront of public attention, introducing local employment, production and entertainment for visitors and surrounding residents. Stanhope Street becomes one of the main boulevards of Liverpool, connecting a new train station to the east with the watersports and marina to the west. Central to this development is a theatre that brings together the surrounding talents of the creative district with educational institutions such as LIPA, (Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts).

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DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT

SECONDARY ROUTES

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1. Mann Island, Three Graces

2. Mann Island

3. Wapping Warehouse

4. Historic Landmark

5. X1 Development

6. Church of St. Vincent de Paul

Link the main armature development with surrounding tissue and existing fabric. Jamaica Street in the centre, utilises existing public space bordered by the Woman’s Institute and surrounding church (fig 6) whilst to the north, sight lines and pedestrian routes link land under single ownership such as the Neptune Development with Mann Island.

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DEVELOPMENT

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LAND USE - VALUE Public spaces are dictated primarily through walking distances with large civic spaces set at 9 minute intervals, Chavasse Park, Central Link, New Centre and smaller spaces set at 3 minute intervals.

As well as primary and secondary routes, we have allowed public space to dictate land value and inevitably building height/ density. • Habitable Spaces and Venues are flexible in their nature and are therefore primarily bordered by low land values and are creative industry owned.

DEVELOPMENT

• Developer Owned are large civic squares used to help visitors navigate and congregate. These areas have no need to earn and are paid for in large by surrounding commercial developers.

28 Storeys

2 Storeys

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High Value

Low Value

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DEVELOPMENT

CREATIVE SPACE

1. Matej Andraz Vogrincic

1. Mona Hatoum

DEVELOPMENT

1. Liverpool Biennial

1. Red house Liverpool Biennial

1. Rhys Chatham ‘A Crimson Grail’

It is important that commercial developers and investors add to the identity of the area and therefore the creative theme. By ensuring this, the core/protected area will densify and hold its ground against less sensitive developers bordering it.

By allowing key, stable investors access to prime areas of land and controlling development along primary routes, the flexible tissue that is the creative industry can remain successful.

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DEVELOPMENT

TWO DIFFERENT ROUTES Commercial & Creative The primary axial route acts to stabilise the area, whilst a network of back streets and invisible routes remain the real identity of the creative district.

Commercial route

DEVELOPMENT

Creative network

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DEVELOPMENT

SIX STREETS

DEVELOPMENT

An Urban Design Strategy with six distinctive streets, six identities and six agendas work towards a common goal. Bringing these streets to life will feed the surrounding areas, ignite them, fund them and supply them with the audience they need to survive. Increased population density and visitor numbers is vital to the success and stability of the area.

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DEVELOPMENT

DESIGN 44

TOWARDS A CONNECTED FUTURE

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DESIGN

URBAN DESIGN STRATEGY

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New Builds Refurbishments Existing Landmarks

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DESIGN

PARK LANE

DESIGN

A Link with the City

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A cultural hub tracing Liverpool’s historic trade links. Joseph Heap & Son Rice Mill and Gustav Adolf Scandinavian Church become landmark buildings encouraging interaction between new residents, visitors and existing communities whilst acting as rich civic educational buildings that juxtapose Liverpool One.

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DESIGN

DESIGN

PARK LANE

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1. Liverpool One 2. Multi-storey Car Park 3. Grade I Listed Building 4. Residential / Commercial Development 5. New Public Square 6. Joseph Heap & Son Rice Mill with extension 7. The Kite Landmark Building 8. Neptune Development 9. Gustav Adolf Scandinavian Church with extension 10. David Pritchard Apartment 11. Cafe 12. Baltic Public House 13. Residential Apartments 14. Creative Shell 15. National Grid 16. Low Density Housing

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DESIGN

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PARK LANE

DESIGN

A Route In

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Park Lane picks up visitors at the iconic 5 street junction of Liverpool One by John Lewis and carries them through a series of active public venues and civic spaces to the heart of the creative district. The area holds valuable dock-side land which has been developed for residential and commercial use. The high-rise blocks boarders a large secondary semi-private space providing a refreshing alternative to other city apartments in the area. Park Lane links this residential area and the transport terminus to the new Blundell Street housing gateway to the left of the page.

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DESIGN

NELSON STREET

DESIGN

Gateway to the Creative District

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A hub for the local Chinese and business students and a venue for business and cultural connections between Liverpool and China; the identity of the area will be based around education, accommodation and entertainment, offering everything from university buildings and libraries to Chinese restaurants, bars and alternative entertainment and wellbeing.

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DESIGN

DESIGN

NELSON STREET

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1. Chinese Market/ Food Hall 2. Banksy Facade & Arts Centre 3. Student Accommodation 4. Liverpool-China Business & Cultural Education Centre 5. Refurbished Chinese Restaurants 6. University Buildings 7. The Blackie 8. Apartments with Commercial Active Frontages 9. Cultural Amenities 10. New Apartments enforce Square 11. Mixed use Pop-Up Venue 12. Residential 13. Chinese Market/Teppanyaki

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DESIGN

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NELSON STREET

A Route In

DESIGN

Linking with Liverpool’s Historic and Cultural Quarters, Nelson Street becomes a key player in changing navigational perceptions about the city. Nelson Street, walkable in 6 minutes, connects the Anglican Cathedral, Hope Street and the students of the Knowledge Quarter with the Creative District and Liverpool’s iconic Waterfront Development. The Development of Nelson Streets identity and its connections with the Cornwallis and Rope Walks area are key to its success.

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DESIGN

JAMAICA STREET

DESIGN

A Primary Artery

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Bordered by high land values, commercial creative, profit orientated businesses and active shop frontages that allow efficiency to rule. The street connects new developments and is the front of house for the backstreet creative workhouses of the existing inhabitants. The street is also home to the creatives own flagship trio of Camp and Furnace, Unit 51 and the Liverpool Biennial.

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DESIGN

DESIGN

JAMAICA STREET

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1. Landmark Building 2. Commercial Entertainment with Public Interaction 3. High Value Commercial along Street Front 4. Low Value Creative Shells on Back Streets 5. Waterfront Development Zone with new Boulevard 6. Commercial Square 7. Landmark Waterfront Development plots 8. Refurbished Colonnade 9. Outdoor Music Venue 10. Liverpool Biennial Head Office 11. Camp & Furnace 12. Elevator Studios 13. Unit 51 14. Landmark Creative Building 15. Large Span Warehouse with Vehicle Access 16. Mental Health Research Centre

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DESIGN

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BLUNDELL STREET

DESIGN

Link to the Waterfront

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Blundell Street will focus on connecting a large residential development under single ownership with the locally produced amenities of the creative back streets. The street also plays an important role in connecting the heart of the Creative District and its central civic square with the Waterfront Development, Echo Arena and Albert Dock. The design takes into consideration views, issues of ownership and pedestrian traffic flow.

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DESIGN

BLUNDELL STREET

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DESIGN

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1. Lower Level Parking with Natural Terrain Re-instated 2. Blundell St. Residential Development 3. Gateway 4. Waterfront Development Landmark 5. High Land Value Commercial Building 6. Local Amenities and Creative Stalls 7. Creative space

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8. Local Landmark 9. Wapping Dock 10. Proposed Tram Station 11. Echo Arena

DESIGN

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STANHOPE STREET

The New Hope Street

DESIGN

A New Station – connects the area with the rest of the city whilst making the area more accessible to visitors.

Cains Brewery – will condense and increase efficiency, focusing production on Cains branded products. The landmark building will be used for tours and education whilst the current sheds will become transparent gems showing off a fantastic manufacturing process unique to the Creative District.

Theatre, Bars and Restaurants – will become the front of house for backstreet operations, engaging public attention and bordering a large civic space.

18 minutes walk from Liverpool One this venue becomes another in a series of larger open spaces flanking the strand.

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DESIGN

STANHOPE STREET

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DESIGN

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1. St James’ Church 2. Landmark Building 3. Train Station 4. Cains Brewery, brewery school and tourist centre 5. Local Artisan Retail Units 6. Artisan Workshops 7. Theatre

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8. Theatre Workshops 9. Clare’s Oil and Lubricant Production 10. Independent restaurants 11. Civic Square with Viewing Ramps 12. X1 Development 13. Landmark with Multi-storey Car Park 14. Watersports Centre

DESIGN

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GRAFTON STREET

DESIGN

CAIN’S TERRITORY

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Grafton Street is home to a community of warehouse dwelling creatives working behind the scenes. This area is the work house for front of house shops, restaurants and a new theatre. The area brings together media-led arts industries situated within Elevator studios, students of drama and performance arts in LIPA and the audience of Camp & Furnace to put on alternative productions, talks and exhibitions that focus on producing a single collective voice.

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DESIGN

GRAFTON STREET

DESIGN

1. Automobile Mechanics & Workshops 2. Vehicle Recycling 3. Local Community 4. Chinese Religious Building 5. Manufacturing 6. The Stables Boutique Courtyard

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DESIGN

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HOW

How

Investment is know the area economy is on designated as

on the verge of returning, we can be successful, Liverpool’s the up and the area has been a key area of development.

Creatives, community and developers must work together to ensure the longevity of the area and pool together: • • • •

Intellectual thought Business ideas Creative problem solving Urban strategies

HOW

Utilising European links and encouraging investment, Liverpool can have the first successful permanent Creative ‘District’. A continually shifting and re-inventing area that attracts visionaries, academics and leading creative businesses from around the globe.

Working towards a common goal we can create an eternal interest in the Creative District that shifts to the trends and demands of the city.

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Building Type & Class A1 Shops A3 Restaurants & Cafes B1 Business B2 General Industrial C1 Hotels C3 Dwellinghouses D1 Non-Residential Institutions D2 Assembly and Leisure Sui Generis Infrastructure Primary Public Realm Secondary Public Realm

Total Area Across Development m2 31795 13917 116250 103421 10850 414472 44255 738 11140 956 69407 39867

Average Cost m2 (£)

Construction Cost (£)

715.84 2400.00 1400.00 496.00 1353.00 1383.51 1625.60 1602.00 3445.00 3600.00 350.00 175.00

22,760,132.80 33,400,800.00 162,750,000.00 51,296,816.00 14,680,050.00 573,426,156.72 71,940,928.00 1,182,276.00 38,377,300.00 3,441,600.00 24,292,450.00 6,976,725.00

Total Construction Cost

£1,004,525,234.52

Average Cost m2 (£) 496.00 1353.00 2400.00 615.00 496.00

Construction Cost (£) 13,923,712.00 14,680,050.00 14,976,000.00 3,690,000.00 1,288,112.00

Total Construction Cost

£48,557,874.00

Average Cost m2 (£) 900.00 1366.00

Construction Cost (£) 3,904,200.00 106,613,568.00

Total Construction Cost

£110,517,768.00

Average Size m2 65.00

Number of Appartments 841

Cains Brewery Village £50m budget Building Cains Buildings Hotel Restaurants Shops Warehouses

Total Area m2 28072 10850 6240 6000 2597

Blundell Street Housing Building 723 Car Park Spaces Housing

Building Blundell Street Apartments

Total Area m2 4338 78048

Total Saleable Area m2 54633

Total Income from Sale Profit

Average Selling Price (£) 140,000.00

£117,671,076.92 £7,153,308.92

Park Avenue Development Building

HOW

Total Complex

Building Park Avenue Apartments

Total Area m2 102438

Total Saleable Area m2 71706

Average Cost m2 (£) 1366.00

Construction Cost (£) 139,930,308.00

Total Construction Cost

£139,930,308.00

Average Size m2 65.00

Number of Appartments 1,103

Total Income from Sale Profit

Average Selling Price (£) 200,000.00

£220,633,846.15 £80,703,538.15

*all figures exclude external costs consisting of professional fees; contingencies; short term finance; letting & sales

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Cost Benefit Analysis This urban strategy creates additional economic, social and environmental outcomes, many of which would not occur otherwise. Focus is on creating a diverse range of regeneration benefits for a number of different markets and beneficiaries. The scheme crosses three major regeneration themes, the necessity for it to do so is generated by its complex geographical position.

Regenerate •

Worklessness, Skill, Business Development

- Liverpool has comparatively high levels of unemployment (compared to other UK cities) - Lack of skilled workforce - Site gives opportunity for high level education, vocational courses and start up business •

Industrial and commercial property and infrastructure

- The decline of port trade has seen Liverpool’s lucrative industrial sector dramatically decline - A skilled workforce would drive local production and manufacture boosting existing manufacture of Cains Brewery and Clare’s Oil production.

- Liverpool is becoming a large commercial centre with the strand becoming a major artery for large scale global commercial activity •

Homes, communities and the environment

- Local residents hold a strong community spirit and pride in the area despite low quality housing and the lack of local amenities.

- Communities hold links with Liverpool’s trade heritage and have influenced the construction of local landmarks. However they are under recognised for their educational, cultural and historic importance.

What to do: -Get individuals into work by improving qualifications

-Create employment -Assist start-ups, promotions and spin-outs -Develop industrial and commercial property development -Attract investors with improved public realm and city centre links

- Increase health and reduce crime - Support businesses, growth and competition - Promote business enterprise, research and development - Encourage and strengthen the current identity of the area

Outcome Introducing these factors will reverse economic, social and physical decay whilst building upon the assets and people of the area. An overview of the above can point out areas of improvement and social benefits that are difficult to quantify at this stage, however taking into account the major investors, cost and return within the three core areas of regeneration it can be seen that the value of benefits produced out way the cost to the public sector in far more than monetary terms.

Investors Liverpool Marina Blundell site guy Council Illiad

New investor for Park Av. Development Gustav Adolf Scandinavian Church EU Grants for public realm improvements James Mores (Camp and Furnace and Liverpool Biennial)

By designating funding related to current ownership, this urban design strategy can be seen as a live scheme pooling investment opportunities and consolidating ideas into one large mutually beneficial investment plan. With large scale investors seeing opportunity for return, a smaller more diverse range of urban regenerators will follow, maintaining the unique character of the area whilst producing wave upon wave of diverse investment, business ideas and social benefits.

HOW

Cains Brewery NHS Merseyrail College

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CONNECTING CREATIVES

CONNECTING CREATIVES

CONNECTING CREATIVES BY: ASHLEY FRANKLIN

ADAM GRANBY FIONA WORRALL 81

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