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Vida de Pixel - David Banister, Marianna Costa, Richard Gwilt and Antonios Zenonos


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Intriduction

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Design Principles

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Site Analysis Proposed Programme of Use and Activities The Masterplan Visual Impact Photographs of Model

5-6 7 8-9 10 - 11 12

Precedents and Design Studies

13 - 14

Phasing Plans

15 - 18

Schedule of Demolitions

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Building Areas

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Report Appendix

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Policy and Context

22 - 24

Sustainability

25 - 26

Cost Plan Design Stratergy

27 28 - 29

Contents

Executive Summary


also allows access do to the river for water based activities and sports.

The Vida de Pixels is about connections. Connections with communities, connections with land and connections with the University campuses.

Precedents and Design Studies

Design Principles

Researching into the area led us to several precedents and these include the Ponte Vecchio, A Rolling Masterplan, Halarious Signapore and Runways to Greenways.

This proposal formalised a set of design principles to guide the design process and achieve the brief set by the University of Porto. These principles are: • Creating an identity • Clear definition of spaces • Usable public spaces • Accessible • Clear navigation • Flexible Site Analysis Site analysis highlighted unconnected areas within the site and a focal point at which these areas are interconnected. The terrain study further demonstrated the difficulties in connecting the pockets of lands which occupy the site. Proposed Programme of Uses and Activities The proposed program consists of five areas along the pier and three supporting towers. The areas are: The Gateway - The entrance to the proposal and provides areas for social interactions, such as bars and cafes. The Event Park - A multi-use area which can be used for festivals, markets, and sporting events. The Work Park - An area focus on entrepreneurial accepts and provides small businesses low cost flexible office spaces. The Culture Park - This can be used to for art exhibitions, student projects and a place for people to casually work and an open air theatre for small productions. The Sport and Health Park - Houses sporting and spa facilities with flexible courts and areas for extreme sports. The supporting tower

Phasing plans and Schedules of Demolitions The construction of this project can be broken down into four phases. • Phase 1 - The demolition and removal of debris from the three sites which support the pier. • Phase 2 - The four supporting structures for the pier are built. • Phase 3 - While the supporting structures are being fitted out the pier is formed by building cantilevers out from each of the supporting structures until joined. • Phase 4 - The pier is now able to support the construction of the five parks.

Executive Summary

Introduction/Summary

Policy Context The policy context appendix utilises two existing framework documents, Liverpool Core Strategy 2012 and Management Plan - Historic Centre of Porto World Heritage to generate a list of headings which the proposal seeks to fulfil. These are: • A strong economy • Residential neighbourhoods that meet housing needs • Vital and viable shopping centres • An attractive and safe city with a strong local identity • High quality green infrastructure • Efficiently used resources • More sustainably accessibility • Improved social inclusion and equal opportunities and

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Estimated Full Rental Value £20,800,000 Developers Profit £76,702,121 Design Strategy The University of Porto and long been expanding and this expansion has led to various campuses being built where the land is available leaving no cohesion within the University. Our strategy is to provide connections within the area to unify the university and integrate it into the fabric of the built environment of Porto.

Executive Summary

• Heritage Maintaining, Enhancing and Improving the Public Space Urban Environment Physical Interventions Improving Gardens and Green Spaces Improving Gardens and Public Spaces • Community Social Development Development and Social Cohesion • Tourism Improving Landscape and Heritage Resources Improving Heritage Revitalisation of Traditional Festivals Improving Landscape Improving Viewpoints • Creative Industries Entrepreneurial Dynamism Infrastructure Network and Support Services Knowledge, Technology and Competencies Creative Education • River Douro Infrastructures of Improvements and Mobility Creation of Itineraries at Water Level

Sustainability The sustainability appendix highlights the following areas: Air Quality Materials Waste Storage and Recycling Renewable Energy Water Conservation Cost Plan The summary of costings. Total Development Cost £269,964,546

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Introduction Context Porto is the second city of Portugal with a population of 234,584 and is one of the oldest European centres and was established as an outpost by the Roman Empire; as such it has been registered as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Site

Site C is located north west of the historical centre of Porto near the Casa da Música. The area of study is centred on Porto University and it’s various faculties, and is bisected by link roads onto the A1 which spans the Douro. The topography of the site rises from sea Porto is sited on the Douro river and gained level to 80m above sea level at the Rua do fame for the production and export of Campo Alegre, which has left pockets of fortified wine or Port. The city is built on the land and developments unconnected. steep banks of the river with a 90-100m rise above sea level. This has led to a number of bridges spanning the Douro, two of which were designed by the Eiffel company.

Brief The University of Porto is committed to international expansion, with projections indicating a target fifty-percent increase in admissions over the following five years. The University site suffers from a disconnection exasperated through the severity of the topography that has created isolated islands of activity. This project will be the gateway into the University District acting as a condenser of social activities, allowing for engagement with the surrounding fabric of Porto and relinking the unconnected parts of the site.

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• Creating a place with its own identity, a place that is distinctive and memorable. It is important that new urban design stands out when competing for investment. • Clearly distinguishing public and private spaces is crucial in highlighting the activities inside the building. Places need a clear relationship between the public fronts and private backs of buildings.

Design Principles

In the production of good urban design it is important to consider design principles such as;

• Outdoor spaces and public realm areas have to be comfortable and attractive these spaces are more important for the health of local people encouraging sports and a healthy lifestyle. Designed with people in mind they offer opportunities to meet and socialise, bringing vitality to a place. • A place should always be easy to move through for anyone who uses it, making it walk able and accessible will begin to help minimise vehicular use and in turn reduce congestion, air pollution and improve the public health. • Successful urban developments are places easy to find and navigate to. Being aware of how to get around and where you are is important part of enjoying a place and all its attractions. • Over its lifetime a place should be able to change and accommodate different needs. Climate change means places should be flexible enough to be able to respond to change in weather patterns. This also includes different ownerships avoiding blocks with just ones use and difficult to adapt in the future, making them more appealing and let able. • Successful places provide a range of uses and activities, shops and services. A place is successfully designed if It can be used by as many people as possible. A multitude of different types of buildings and architecture give more interest and can reflect the diversity of the local community.

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Site Analysis Residential Areas

High Street

University Properties

Noise Levels

Public Transport Points

Topography

Green Spaces

Unlinked Areas

Indicative Centre

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Site Analysis

Urban Analysis Site C, Massarelos, Porto, Portugal

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Proposed Programme of Uses Event Park

This park is a flexable and adaptable area that can be modified to suit any event or scenario. The girdded surface contains a series of anchor points for a framing system to be secured to. This enables a wide variety of events and activitys to be enjoyed in this area.

Work Park

The work park forms part of the business/ commercial section of the masterplan. The top park area contains office and work pods . Below the top level the tower contains 8 storys of mixed use office space along with approximatly half of the tower containing car parking.

Culture Park

This zone forms the creative area a place for live art installations, art exhibitions and student projects will happen here. The introduction of a theratre in this area give a chance for performance and events to happen. The tower below this area will contain live/work spaces.

Sport & Health Park

At the end of the journy through vida de pixel is a sports and health zone where users can watch or get involved with sports activities. The area provides facilities for changing, refreshments and inside gym areas. Outside users can use vaious courts adaptable to any requirements.

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Masterplan


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Masterplan


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Visual Impact


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Visual Impact


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Photographs of Model


A Rolling Masterplan The Swedish architecture office Jagnefalt Milton proposed to have to have buildings rolling through the city on rails. Rail roads would provide the base for new building that could be rolled back and forth depending on seasons and situations. Amongst other they propose a rolling hotel, a rolling public bath and a rolling concert hall.

Precedents and Design Studies

The Ponte Vecchio A medieval stone bridge over the Arno River, Florence, Italy. This bridge was built by the romans and has always been inhabited by people, shops and merchants

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RUNWAYS / GREENWAYS 2007-08 - LATERAL OFFICE

RUNWAYS / GREENWAYS 2007-08 - LATERAL OFFICE

http://lateraloffice.com/filter/Work/RUNWAYS-GREENWAYS-2007-08

http://lateraloffice.com/filter/Work/RUNWAYS-GREENWAYS-2007-08

Rem Koolhaas, Halarious Singapore in his seminal dissertation Delirious New York, had expounded that the designs of New York, its urban planning and architecture, had been based on an irreconcilable shameless bombast of forms and designs, one striving to outdo the other, and the resultant hodge-podge had become the hegemony of urban planning in cities around the world. Yet in comparison, Singapore seemed so contrived, so manufactured. How is it that New York, with its lack of control in its urbanscape, or at least in relation to Singapore, can attract so many visitors every year, while Singapore, with billions poured into the tourism industry, still fail to attract visitors who come here to see the sights of the city?

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Runways to Greenways Runways to Greenways, an urban design proposal for the Vatnsmýri area of Reykjavík, seeks to simultaneously acknowledge the rich history of the site while looking forward to new economies and public realms. The area under consideration is a defunct World War II runway. The premise of the project is to use landscape and exterior program as a catalyst for urban development. This proposal identifies exterior space as equally charged with activity, use and event as built or interior spaces within the city.

Precedents and Design Studies

The premise of the project is to use landscape and exterior program as a catalyst for urban development. This proposal identifies exterior space as equally charged with activity, use and event as built or interior spaces within the city. The project begins by establishing “no-build” zones or public landscapes. The figure of the runway is used to identify three primary axes. Each former runway is converted into a “greenway” that uses a quality of the city as its primary trait. The three large greenways are programmed as: ecology, recreation, and production.

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Phasing Plans


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Phasing Plans


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Phasing Plans


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Phasing Plans


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Demolitions


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Infrastructure Building Areas


Policy and Context Sustainability

Appendices

Report Appendix

Cost Plan Design Stratergy

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There is a requirement for cities to develop in a unified direction, and as such Strategic Frameworks exist to guide the various developments within a city into a cohesive whole. Therefore, this project takes into account two such documents. ‘The Liverpool Core Strategy 2012’ and the ‘Management Plan - Historic Centre of Porto World Heritage’ to enable any location specific issues to be address and resolved. Liverpool Core Strategy 2012 Within the foreword of the Liverpool Core Strategy 2012 eight core strategic objectives are set out which the document aims to achieve. These objectives serve as the framework for the development of the Vida de Pixel. The eight objectives are: • • • • • • • •

A strong economy Residential neighbourhoods that meet housing needs Vital and viable shopping centres An attractive and safe city with a strong local identity High quality green infrastructure Efficiently used resources More sustainably accessibility Improved social inclusion and equal opportunities

Porto is a city of significant historical importance and as such there is a need to preserve the surviving fabric of the city and ensure that is maintained for the future. In order to protect the city and allow it to grow the city authorities have developed a document called ‘Management Plan - Historic Centre of Porto World Heritage’. Laid out within this document is a summary of the action plan which sets out strategic areas, including subheadings, of which some apply to this project: • Heritage Maintaining, Enhancing and Improving the Public Space Urban Environment Physical Interventions Improving Gardens and Green Spaces

Improving Gardens and Public Spaces • Community Social Development Development and Social Cohesion • Tourism Improving Landscape and Heritage Resources Improving Heritage Revitalisation of Traditional Festivals Improving Landscape Improving Viewpoints • Creative Industries Entrepreneurial Dynamism Infrastructure Network and Support Services Knowledge, Technology and Competencies Creative Education • River Douro Infrastructures of Improvements and Mobility Creation of Itineraries at Water Level

Policy Context

Policy Context

While the headings in the two documents are different there is a similar essence in what they are placing emphasis upon. Economy The University district of Porto has the potential to sustain a large economy, however, this potential is currently not being used; and so the area often becomes abandoned during the evenings. This project seeks to develop a sustainable economy utilising the requirements of the student population. To drive the social condenser ambition of the scheme the Gateway park will comprise of businesses aimed at bringing students together, for example through cafe’s and bars. The facilities implemented by the scheme will include spaces for students as they graduate allowing for a springboard from education into business. The work parks seek to provide low cost flexible business pods which may be joined together to expand as the business’ require.

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One of the requirements from the University is to provide accommodation for the increasing student body. The central support tower beneath the Work Park is utilised for residential purposes. Being able to communicate and socialise with your neighbours is key to forming neighbourhoods, and this will be facilitated with key shared spaces which function to draw people together. The residential towers are for mixed use occupancy, and seek to encourage a mix of socioeconomic ranges which is prevalent throughout the city of Porto. Attractive, Safe City with a Strong Local Identity Porto has a strong cultural and physical identity. The city embraces contemporary architecture for it’s new buildings and is often in juxtaposition to it’s historic buildings. High Quality Green Infrastructure The pier creates pedestrianised links between campuses and over-sails busy roads allowing people to commute easily on foot; with public transport available directly to and from the pier. Efficient use of Resources The proposal is designed to have little impact on the terrain over the 750 meter span; only touching the ground it it’s four supporting structures; which removes the need to excavate land and the associated costs and issues. More Sustainable Accessibility The pier is designed along a single plane allowing to people with mobility issues access to the entire project, and reducing the strain which navigating the steep terrain below would incur. Improved Social Inclusion and Equal Opportunities Up to now the University has struggled to make links to the

surrounding fabric of Porto and therefore is rather insular. The opportunity to create a University district which interweaves itself within the domestic culture of Porto enables a two way dialogue between residents and the migratory student population. Heritage, Improving the Public Space, Urban Environment, Physical Interventions The topography of the University District severely hampers the effective use of the urban environment in terms of movement and construction. Therefore, the implementation of the Vida de Pixel pier is a physical implementation which enhances the existing situation of the area with minimal physical impact onto the terrain of Porto.

Policy Context

Residential Neighbourhood

Heritage, Improving the Public Space, Improving Green Spaces, Improving Public Spaces At the core of the Vida de Pixel is the intention to generate public spaces in the form of hard and green spaces. Community, Social Development, Social Cohesion The Vida de Pixel is divided into 5 segments with each segment or ‘park’ facilitating different activities. Each of the parks allow for social gatherings and interactions, with the intent of creating a social interaction between students and the local population. Tourism, Improving Heritage, Traditional Festivals The multipurpose Event Park is specifically tailored to a variety of festivals, and will act as the starting point for many student based events including traditional festivals such as the São João Festival, food festivals and markets. Tourism, Improving Landscape, Improving Viewpoints The Vida de Pixel pier at it’s extent stands 75 meters proud of the River Douro allowing for vistas covering the whole of Porto.

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The Work Park is designed specifically for graduating students and new businesses, providing low cost flexible work spaces which are able to develop with the business that it houses. Creative Industries, Knowledge, Creative Education The project is born out of a direct relationship with the University of Porto and seeks to drive the creative education of the city with it’s regular exhibitions of student work, and with the added facilities and galleries of the Vida de Pixel this ambition will be able to be realised to a greater effect.

Policy Context

Creative Industries, Entrepreneurial Dynamism, Infrastructure Network and Support Services

River Douro, Infrastructures, Creation of Itineraries at Water Level The final support for the pier sits directly in the River Douro with lifts transporting people from the pier down to water level, with the intent of using the river for a variety of activities including tourist boat trips, and sporting and leisure activities which will revitalise the river front in this area of Porto. ‘The Liverpool Core Strategy 2012’ http://liverpool.gov.uk/media/86021/Core-Strategy-Submission-Draft.pdf ‘Management Plan - Historic Centre of Porto World Heritage’ http://www.portovivosru.pt/pdfs/planoges_HPPM_v2_en.pdf

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Materials

A philosophy is hidden behind the aim of sustainability in nowadays. With the intention of adding value to our project, according to legal requirements, we have taken a holistic position to sustainability. Our master-plan is well established to improve economy, society and environmental issues.

The materiality of the project is selected out of sustainable materials when it is possible. The new materials that are used they will be from sustainable source.

A high level of sustainability is going to be achieved by the project, as a result the economy of the area is going to be improved and many environmental aspects are well considered for high quality of living. Our proposal aims to supply sustainable solutions in different ways: Air quality Our proposal is designed to improve the air quality of the specific area. The scheme itself is car free. All the movement along the pier is used by foot, bicycles and any other pedestrian activities which take part to the design and help to reduce the fossil fuel consumption. The movement throughout the bridge is very easy and improves people’s health and lives, as they are encouraged to walk 700m long distance to go for leisure or sports facilities or take part in a variety of events. On the pier, by providing many green spaces with many trees along the parks, make air quality much better and give the sense of natural fresh air as the noise is blocked also. According to our design, car park and storage facilities are located underneath the first parks of the bridge in order to not interact the activities which take part on the top of the pier. In order to achieve reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, all new multi-story buildings will provide lower usage of wasteful heating systems that releases carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. Also, sustainable boilers will be placed to reduce such emissions.

Waste Storage & Recycling The new residential and live/work spaces would be supplied by sufficient spaces for wasting and recycling in order to follow the relevant regulations.

Sustainability

Sustainability

Renewable Energy Our design aims to use renewable energy throughout the pier in order to reduce the levels of fossil fuels and also cut down greenhouse emissions. Solar energy (Photovoltaic) is the primary renewable energy for our design to provide heating and lighting to our spaces. Public spaces such as the cafes and shops nearby the high street are provided with photovoltaic systems and also the residential tower is provided with photovoltaic cells which are integrated in some parts of the glass facade of the building. Using this method will help to provide lighting as it is mentioned before, and also sunscreen against solar gain in some spaces of the building. Good insulation and double glazing systems will be introduced into the design to supply higher levels of day-lighting and bring down the use of artificial light. With the purpose of achieving passive solar gain and passive cooling, sustainable materials would be integrated. Water Conservation As it is mentioned before, our scheme provides many green spaces to the area. Permeable pavements are used to let the water to move through the surface and be used for trees and green spaces. In addition, the pier provides rainwater harvesting

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To sum up, the project intents to increase economic conditions and employment to the area, also improves public transport and raise people’s health and living conditions. Also one of the project’s purpose is to increase lively spaces by building two towers and a continue 700m long pier with mixed-use commercial and residential spaces. By considering all these issues which are listed above, the quality of life in Massarellas of Porto would be improved in all the sections.

Sustainability

systems and grey water recycling so as to not let the rainwater to the top of the surface, and be collected for non drinking purposes.

References Hall, P., 2002, Cites of Tomorrow, Third Edition.London, Blackwell Towards an Urban Renaissance: The Urban Task Force, Gran Bretaña. Urban Task Force, Richard George Rogers – 1999 Natural Planning policy Framework. Sustainable communities: Building for the future in 2003

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Estimated Full Rental Value

Years Purchase perp @ 6.00%

Residual Development Appraisal - To Find Developer's Profit

£20,800,000

16.67

£346,666,667

Less Development Costs

Fees Architects' Fees @ 8.00% Quantity Surveyors' Fees @ 3.00% Legal Fees on Sale @ 0.50% Legals Fees on Letting @ 0.50% Letting Agents' Fees @ 0.50% Civil Engineers' Fees @ 1.00% Planning Permission Building Regulations

£171,550,000 £5,000,000 £1,000,000 £2,000,000 £1,000,000 £180,550,000

16.66666667

Contingencies Contingencies @ 5.00%

£10,253,867

£10,253,867

Finance Finance on £205,077,333 for 24 months @ 10.00% Bank Legal Fees Bank Arrangement Fee Developer's Legal Fee

£43,066,240 £1,025,387 £10,000 £512,693

£44,614,320

Developer's Profit Developer's Profit @ 15.00%

£52,000,000

£52,000,000

Land Purchase Land Cost Legal Fees on Land Purchase

Fees Architects' Fees @ 8.00% Quantity Surveyors' Fees @ 3.00% Legal Fees on Sale @ 0.50% Legal Fees on Letting @ 0.50% Letting Agents' Fees @ 0.50% Civil Engineers' Fees @ 1.00%

£34,721,147

Amount available for land

-£343,774

£10,449,531 £104,495

£10,554,026

£171,550,000 £5,000,000 £1,000,000 £2,000,000 £1,000,000 £180,550,000

£22,527,333

£1,000,000 £1,000,000

£2,000,000

Contingencies Contingencies @ 5.00%

£10,153,867

£10,153,867

Finance Finance on £205,077,333 for 24 months @ 10.00% Bank Legal Fees Bank Arrangement Fee Developer's Legal Fee

£42,646,240 £1,015,387 £10,000 £507,693

Planning Permission Building Regulations

£311,945,520

£346,666,667

£13,724,000 £5,146,500 £1,733,333 £104,000 £104,000 £1,715,500

Total Development Cost Legal fees on land purchase @ 1.00%

£346,666,667

Less Development Costs

Construction Costs Building costs, 68,620 sq.m @ 2,500 sq.m Landscaping Other external costs Site Clearance Site Preparation

£13,724,000 £5,146,500 £1,733,333 £104,000 £104,000 £1,715,500

£24,527,333

Amount available for land purchase and fees

Years Purchase perp @ 6.00% Gross Development Value

£1,000,000 £1,000,000

Total Development Cost

£20,800,000

£346,666,667

Gross Development Value

Construction Costs Building costs, 68,620 sq.m @ 2,500 sq.m Landscaping Other external costs Site Clearance Site Preparation

Estimated Full Rental Value

Cost Plan

Residual Development Appraisal - To Find Land Value

Developer's Profit @ 22.13%

£44,179,320 £269,964,546 £76,702,121

£34,377,373

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gradually.

Proposing a new development, in the area of Massarelos, is a real challenge. A part of the historic centre of the city and a part of the University of Porto are situated there. The university is committed to the development of its international relations participating in different university networks and cooperation groups in Europe and other Portuguese-speaking countries of the world. The number of students who participate in mobility programs is increasing as well as the exchanging of researchers and teachers, the participation in international projects and the cooperative projects. This shows the importance that the university gives to its international orientation.

There are many unconnected spaces in the area. With the aerial connection of these places a non-stop and easier circulation of pedestrians is created vertically in the place. So, in this way, there is a capability of access to the new area from all the places and the contrary.

The creation of strong links with the community is one of the biggest concerns of the university. This lies behind the constitution of the Science and Development. This is a foundation that connects the university and the municipality and is also responsible for the management of two cultural facilities which are situated in the area. A district divided, from north to south, into four parts, the commercial and civic area, the university area, the historical area and the tourist area. An attempt was made to create a city district capable enough to cope with the needs of the university as well as the needs of the community and be able to cover the needs of the students, the teachers, the researchers and the tourists. In addition to this, a friendly area and a good place for people to live. This urban fabric is for its users and not for the development. It is a district that gives the chance to the surrounding area to be developed, even more in the future. A design will unite the four parts together. From the commercial part you will be able to get to the university area, the historical area and the tourist area too. In this way, strong links between the university and the other areas will be created. With this change and the kind of the design, the liveliness of this urban fabric will be helped. The appropriate functionalism and the new way of life, depend on the area and its viability. The upgrade of the area gives the chance to the surrounding places to be developed through time. As a result, a radical change will be developed

From north to south, this district is divided into four parts, the commercial and civic area, the university area, the historical area and the tourist area. An attempt was made to create a city district capable enough to cope with the needs of the university as well as the needs of the community and be able to cover the needs of the students, the teachers, the researchers and the tourists. In addition to this, a friendly area and a good place for people to live. This urban fabric is for its users and not for the developer. It is a district that gives the chance to the surrounding area to be developed, even more in the future. New residents, businesses and tourists can be attracted to the area. A new design will unite the four parts together. From the commercial part you can get to the university area, the historical area and the tourist area too. In this way, strong links between the university and the other areas will be created. With this change and this kind of the design, the liveliness of this urban fabric will be helped. The appropriate functionalism and the new way of life, depend on the area and its viability. The upgrade and development of the area allows the surrounding places to be developed in the course of time. As a result, a radical change will be developed gradually. The creation of a flexible infrastructure with a rich mixture of functions will be appreciated, on condition that they correspond to the needs of the university and the remaining area. Students, entrepreneurs, researchers, teachers, tourists and local residents can be brought into action in these areas, during the day. As a result, the revived identity of the district will be strengthened. The main approaches of public spaces start from the north. The exact point is the joining of the three high streets and the university installations, creating a pleasant environment ready

Design Strategy

Design Strategy

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“Urhahn Urban Design”, C. Ernsten, 2010 “Urhahn Urban Design”, T. Broekmans, 2010 The Death and Life of Great American Cities, J. Jacobs, 1994

Design Strategy

to be explored by the people passing by. In this way, various unconnected and unexploited areas get involved and visited by people. Therefore, the university is embodied into the urban fabric.

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