Shallcross, Adam

Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

Master of Architecture Liverpool School of Art and Design

About Me I’m Adam Shallcross, a soon to be Part II qualified Architectural Assistant, graduating from Liverpool John Moores University. I have a strong knowledge of CAD software, and previous experience in small and mid-sized architectural practices.

During my time at LJMU I have had the opportunity to work on a wide selection of projects which have ranged greatly in their scale, user group and overall budget.

I wrote my dissertation on the prefabricated modular homes of Post World War II Britain, and have since developed a keen interest in prefabricated homes and non standard construction techniques and materials. For my first year housing project I chose to re-imagine the modular homes of the Post War era, taking what I had learnt from my research to propose how prefabricated modular homes could be reborn in the 21st Century.

I would say that I have an eye for detail when it comes to architecture and my own architectural projects, and I am not scared to rework or redevelop a scheme until everything is properly resolved.

Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

adamshallcross@sky.com 07887367609

Contents MArch Year 2 Semester 2: Thesis Project

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MArch Year 2 Semester 1: Chester Urban Design Masterplan 70

MArch Year 2 Semester 1: Management Practice and Law

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MArch Year 1 Semester 2: Modular Housing Project

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MArch Year 1 Semester 2: Specialist Study Dissertation

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MArch Year 1 Semester 1: Ellesmere Port Urban Design

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Curriculum Vitae 136

Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

MArch Year 2 Semester 2 Thesis Project The final and largest project of my MArch course was the thesis project, a task which challenged each student to propose a new interpretation of a building or a building’s use not commonly accepted or used in modern architecture. The project allowed each student to choose their own site and write their own brief, and incorporated a detailed technical study into the proposed scheme’s structural and environmental strategies.

My thesis project, the Tower View Watersports and Leisure Complex, was designed to combine watersports with leisure activity, creating a building which challenges the environment in which watersports are traditionally taught. The scheme is located within the Garden Quarter, an underutilised ward of Chester within walking distance of the historic city centre, and the area chosen by my group to redevelop during semester one’s urban design regeneration project. The building itself is sited within the area’s new canal basin, created by my group’s masterplan for the area. The site is located at the Shropshire Union Canal’s junction with the River Dee, and is in close proximity to the historic Chester Water Tower, which the proposed scheme respects and celebrates with its low-slung and slender design.

The building comprises of lightweight timber restaurant and bar units suspended over a contained watersports training pool, with sub ground movement corridors and scenic outdoor lido. The scheme includes space shared sequentially between the watersports centre and the building’s bars and restaurants, in order to maximise the space available to both use types during their opposing operating hours.

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Project Introduction and Design Focus Chester is a historic city known for its culture, bustling shopping quarters and its Roman walled centre, it is a city which has evolved over centuries and has adapted to changes of industry. Chester’s city centre has built up in layers since the original Roman settlement, however areas of the city beyond the walls are far less steeped in historical development.

Buildings and facilities too large to be contained within the city walls were constructed around the fringes of Chester, with these ‘Fringe Belts’ forming the city’s wards. Chester’s surrounding wards are areas of poor urban fabric, and contain everything from office blocks, to sprawling residential estates, to depots. The wards beyond historic Chester have not evolved like their counterparts, and developments within this space, whether successful or not, have been retained instead of replaced, causing the city to expand further outwards into its surroundings.

Despite the largest and most unsightly developments being pushed away from the city centre over time, many wards which immediately border historic Chester remain poorly developed, and detract from the overall aesthetic of the city.

It is evident when visiting areas of Chester outside the city walls that the vast majority of government funds have been used to improve central Chester in order to attract tourism, with areas unseen by the average tourist, namely anywhere outside of the walls, left to fight amongst themselves for the remaining scraps of funding.

The urban masterplan, and the final thesis project, aim to address the imbalance in development between historic Chester and the areas outside of the city walls, regenerating these underutilised and under-appreciated areas into densely populated, vibrant mixed use districts capable of providing a living or working environment not possible within historic Chester itself.

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Information on Chosen Ward and Site The Garden Quarter is a ward of Chester within striking distance of the city centre. Despite its proximity to the historic centre the area has been largely overlooked in terms of the potentials the area possesses, and is currently populated by mostly low density semi detached housing estates.

The university of Chester’s campus is located within the bounds of the Garden Quarter, with the area which immediately surrounds the university filled with poorly maintained student housing.

The area has a number of assets, such as its proximity to the scenic views of the river Dee, and to the Shropshire Union Canal, which divides the ward either side of the water. The area is almost entirely residential, and exists primarily to serve the city centre. Despite being within walking distance of the city, there are very few maintained footpaths or pedestrian routes between the ward and the historic centre of Chester.

Tentative attempts to bring small businesses and shopping to the area were made in the early 2000’s when new residential blocks fronting the Shropshire union canal were designed with small shop units at ground floor, due to being hidden from direct sight behind numerous other buildings, coupled with the lack of foot traffic to the Garden Quarter ward as a whole ensured that the shopping district failed, with its ground floor shops left empty or converted to other uses over time. At present there are no substantial leisure facilities within the Garden Quarter, with the area doing little to attract visitors from the nearby Chester Racecourse.

The area of the Garden Quarter that has been chosen for Urban Redevelopment, and as the site of the final thesis project is the region closest to the River Dee and Central Chester, with the aim to regenerate the area into a vibrant multi-use district able to attract new visitors and residents.

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Chosen Site for Design Thesis Project The area of the wider scheme that has been chosen for thesis study is the canal basin, a new district of the Garden Quarter created within the proposed urban design masterplan.

Originally a narrow inlet with locks between itself and the River Dee, the area has been regenerated to form an area of enclosed water fronted by retail, offices, and revitalised housing stock. Within the new canal basin, and the wider masterplan as a whole, emphasis has been placed on the water, and the potentials of returning activity to Chester’s once bustling canals and river.

With a water level now unified by the use of a weir upstream from the development site, it is now possible to consider the area as a viable destination for Watersports, and other water based activity.

Due to the masterplan’s aim to regenerate the area in a ‘surgical’ manner, through the demolition of as few existing buildings as possible, the most viable area for a thesis project building within the canal basin site would be the space located towards the basin’s eastern boundary.

Currently shown on the diagram opposite with a new linear building occupying it, the site, which is close to the Shropshire Union Canal’s inlet with the basin, has a great deal of potential. The chosen plot’s proximity to both the water and the green spaces of Water Tower Gardens will lend itself well to a leisure building, with the nearby under-appreciated water tower providing a focal point to build around and emphasise. Sizeable height changes occur between the basin and the South View Road above which could be explored and exploited by a potential new intervention within this location.

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Potentials of the Canal Side Site The canal basin site has great amount of potential and positive attributes to explore and develop upon. One such attribute is the plot’s proximity to the newly pedestrianised Tower Road, and the possibility to create a ‘rest stop’ like building along the pedestrianised route which encourages walking and outdoor activity.

At the site’s boundary with South View Road and Tower Road there is a height change in excess of 8 meters between the overgrown canal pathway below and roadway above. The sizeable height change that occurs at this point could enable any building constructed within this plot to offer dual level access, with visitors attracted to the building both from the canal and from the road above.

To enable the building to be accessed from both levels the area’s banking would need to be excavated, or the building designed to work with the levels of the bank.

Viewpoint 1| View Towards the Canal Basin as Existing

Where possible, sight lines towards the historic water tower that is located on Tower Road should be preserved, and any building designed within a potential sight line of the Tower should be respectful to the structure and it’s importance within the area.

The area chosen for thesis study not only benefits from being within close proximity to pedestrianised pathways and commuter routes, but is also able to make a direct connection to the water and the canal basin along the plot’s length.

Viewpoint 2| View Towards Locks of Shropshire Union Canal

The long, narrow nature of the site reduces the potential for a large mass on site and will instead favour a more delicate approach to its architecture. The plot’s connection to the new canal basin could bring water into the site in some way, creating a space for leisure, and watersports such as kayaking, rowing and outdoor swimming.

Viewpoint 3| View From Tower Road Towards Junction With South View Road Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

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Basis of Thesis Project and Thesis Qualities Due to the site chosen for thesis study, a number of potentials naturally present themselves, such as the connection to the water, and the potential for a hub for water based activities. However, in order to form a thesis project, the proposed building must question the standard means of creating such a building, and stray away from what has been achieved numerous times before.

A thesis is not established knowledge, it is a proposal against the norm, a prototype rather than an archetype.

A thesis project is an enquiry based investigation which questions the viability of a scheme never previously attempted, or a design ethos never widely accepted, in order to assess whether the basis of the thesis should be widely embraced in future architecture.

For this thesis project, the dialogue between the building and the water will provide the primary route of development and investigation, with the scheme also looking to re-imagine the conditions in which those beginning a water-sport based activity undertake their learning process.

The thesis will question whether the current interpretation of ‘mixed use space’ could be challenged, and whether vastly different use types could potentially share a common space sequentially, shifting a space from one use by day to another at night. This shared space could be used to consolidate the uses of two separate buildings into one through the use of reconfigurable layouts and clever storage systems.

The potentials of sequentially shared use spaces align with the ambitions of the Urban Masterplan for the area, allowing land saved through consolidating multiple buildings into one to be used to add further urban density to the area.

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Water Activity and Unique Experience Watersports and water based activity will form a large component of the proposed thesis project, with their successful implementation into the scheme a major influence on the building’s services, orientation and resultant form.

At present, the traditional area for water activity within Chester is a stretch of the River Dee which borders the Queens Park Bridge and Grosvenor Park to the south west of the city centre. The area is suitable for water based sports and activities as the water level on this section of the river is maintained by an existing weir located upstream, much like the proposed urban masterplan.

The most common water based activity which occurs along this section of the river is rowing, although watersports such as Paddle Boarding, Kayaking, Canoeing and Freshwater Swimming also occur on this stretch of the river. Further adding to the congestion on the water, Paddle Boats and River Tours use this stretch of river during the weekends and peak seasons.

Whilst the existing stretch of the River Dee remains a viable area for water activity, the large volume of different use types attempting to share the river results in a congested stretch that whilst suitable for experienced users, could prove daunting to those attempting to learn or try a new water sport for the first time. In order to provide those looking to try watersports with a safe space to learn, the proposed scheme could look to examples such as Adventure Park Snowdonia, which provides a controlled environment in which to be taught the fundamentals of surfing.

As Adventure Park Snowdonia is located inland, a distance away from where surfing would typically be possible, the Surf Centre also possesses a unique draw, something that the proposed scheme could aim to emulate in some way.

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Sequential Use of a Common Space Whilst ‘mixed use’ is a term often used in architecture, the phrase primarily refers to a collection of differing use types within a single development which each inhabit their own separate yet adjacent space. These use types share a common building but do not share a common space.

Although there are examples of mixed use spaces they are not often used within a building, but instead they are the building. Large exhibition halls can be said to allow for a mixed use space, however these areas have no use until an exhibition or use type inhabits them, as opposed to the space having a standalone use of its own.

In order for a space to offer a true ‘mixed use’ it must be adaptable, able to transition from one use type to another with little to no effort, and have the ability to stow away the contents of one use type whilst the other occurs.

In order to create a space which offers multiple uses within a day, the use types which share the space must have some level of similarity, and some level of difference. As an example, a cafe could not share its space with a greengrocers, as despite both dealing with food they would both need the use of the space at roughly the same time.

What is required for a shared space in continuous use are two or more use types which share a common requirement, but operate in different time windows, such as a student union/music venue, which have a common requirement both for space and seating, but operate during the day and the night respectively.

The aim of the proposed scheme is to create a space which is able to achieve continuous sequential use, consolidating the needs of two use types into one space used from morning into late night.

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Potential Sequential Use Types

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Concept Origination Scheme Following the initial form and spatial exploration of the project’s early weeks, the building arrived at the final concept stage, with the scheme’s design at this stage serving as the building’s fundamental form which the project would be developed from.

Due to the plot’s close proximity to the Historic Water Tower it was decided at this preliminary stage that the massing of the building should remain as low level as possible in order to preserve the sight lines from within the canal basin area towards the Water Tower. In order to further lessen the building’s visual impact on the nearby tower, the building’s above ground element was separated into three units, each no wider than 7m in order to allow views between these structures and towards the tower.

The final concept scheme built upon the initial massing diagrams shown earlier in the document, and sought to fulfil the thesis brief of a building that incorporated both water activity and sequentially shared and adaptable space. The design implemented a watersports centre at sub ground level, which opened directly onto a freshwater lido. By creating a pool separated from the main body of water, the centre would have the ability to teach beginners the basics of Kayaking and Canoeing in a controlled environment, allowing visitors to learn how to safely capsize.

At this early stage in the building’s development the training pool formed the basis of the scheme’s changeable shared space, creating a pool which would be drained every evening to reveal amphitheatre like stepped seating. The area would encourage outdoor performances to occur, and bar and restaurant seating to spill into this space. The building’s training pool area ran the length of the front elevation, and stepped up and down to create pools of varied depths, which could each be filled and drained separately.

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Water Into the Heart of the Scheme Following the conclusion of the concept origination stage the building was presented for review, with the feedback received aiding in driving the scheme forwards and provoking the adaptation and development of the buildings early concepts.

During the course of the review the practicalities of the adaptable training pool was raised, and after discussions it was decided that it would be advantageous to the scheme going forward to separate the training pool and seating spaces.

The main issues that arose with the space concerned the time period and maintenance required to transition the area from training pool to amphitheatre seating, as when drained the surfaces would remain wet and coated with the residue of the contents of the pool, resulting in the space needing to be cleaned and left to dry before it would become suitable for use. Cleaning and drying the space sufficiently enough to allow visitors to inhabit the space would prevent the area from being used differently by day and night as initially intended, with the space needing to remain either wet or dry for days at a time in order to warrant its maintenance.

Another point raised during the concept scheme review was the scale of the training pool itself.

Whilst covering a length of over 40m, the reviewers questioned the width of the pool (Image Shown Above), and whether it would be sufficient to contain a class and instructor. In order to remedy the concerns raised concerning the scale and complexity of the building’s training pools the scheme was developed to expand and simplify the training lido. The revised scheme now features a sub ground level occupied by the building’s larger training pools, which now flow beneath the cantilevering ground floor units. The main internal spaces at sub ground level consist of a reception area, changing spaces and W.C facilities in addition to the pool’s jetty’s, which are accessible via a glazed corridor.

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Finalised Sketch Scheme and Building Ethos Following the formulation of an initial concept and its preliminary development, the building progressed to the sketch scheme stage at which point it was once again subject to review. In comparison to the concepts shown previously at reviews and tutorials, the scheme was been drastically simplified, closing off unsuccessful avenues of development and ‘boiling’ the project down to its essentials. As shown in the diagrams previous, alterations to the scheme made since the formulation of the first 3D massing models included the consolidation of the building mass into a smaller footprint on site, and the reduction of 10 cascading pools into two bodies of water suitable for beginner and intermediate classes.

In order to enable movement along the length of the building, the scheme’s corridor ‘spine’ was extended. Taking on the form and materiality of the existing retaining wall, the extended corridor expanded to double height as the land around it sloped upwards, creating an atrium from which the building’s new viewing platform could be accessed directly from Tower Road.

In order to maintain minimal massing above ground, the building’s sizeable changing rooms are located at sub ground level within the sketch scheme, with direct access to the canal basin accessible from this point. Whilst well positioned to serve those intending to use the canal basin, the distance between the training pool jetty and the changing rooms at this stage was not ideal.

Following the sketch scheme review of the 7th of February it became clear from the feedback received that it would be essential to better develop and resolve the building’s main corridor, and the commercial kitchens for the cantilevering restaurant units, and the storage and maintenance facilities of the watersports centre

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Massing Development- Suspended Restaurant Unit

Initial Massing of Suspended Restaurant Unit- Review 07/02/2020

Developed Suspended Restaurant Unit- Scheme Design Review 28/02/2020

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Sub Ground Kitchens and Clerestory Light In previous iterations of the proposed scheme, the commercial kitchens of the building’s cantilevered units were located at ground floor, located at the land anchoring point of each unit. During the developed spatial planning stage it became clear that the scale of space allotted to the kitchens within the above ground unit would need to be substantially larger than first imagined in order to cater for the expected 50-70 covers of a filled restaurant dining room.

Whilst expanding the kitchen space further into the dining space was initially considered, it created both a compromised dining space and an entrance lobby pinned between the kitchen and bar. The solution to the issue was to relocate the scheme’s kitchens to sub ground level, with food reaching dining level via dumb waiters.

The commercial kitchens, now extending underneath Tower Road, receive light from clerestory windows located in the raised planter wall which borders Water Tower Gardens.

Public and Private Spaces and Their Access Corridors Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

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Sequentially Used Shared Spaces Whilst originally intended to occur within the scheme’s drain-able training pool/ amphitheatre space, the building’s area of sequential mixed use has been re-imagined to reflect the potentials of the developed scheme.

As it is used only by day, the recently relocated training jetty is a prime location for sequential use. Once the watersports centre is closed for the evening at 7pm, the dormant jetty is available for use until the following morning, allowing the small waterside bar to expand onto the jetty, more than tripling the covered outdoor space it can usually provide.

In order to prepare the space to transition from watersports jetty to vibrant bar, all watersports equipment must be stored away within the vertical equipment lockers of the centre’s changing room, and the access point between jetty and changing facilities closed off. To ensure the safety of the waterside bar’s customers, a retractable screen is pulled across the access point to the training pool.

The watersports centre’s main above ground entrance by day, which is located within the largest of the cantilevered above ground units serves as the main accessible entry point for the expanded bar by night, with the watersports centre’s reception desk repositioned and large glazed viewing windows opened up to complete the transition from day use to night.

The transformed jetty is illuminated at night via up-lighting from the cantilevered unit above, with the new bar located below the dramatic exposed timber framework of the ground floor unit. In future development of the sequential space, external stepped access will be made possible from the landscaped public realm in order to provide multiple means of escape from the jetty.

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Shared Jetty Space By Day

Shared Jetty Space By Night Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

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Interior Study- The Sheltered Corridor The building’s sheltered corridor is a covered external walkway which connects the numerous facilities within the scheme along a central axis.

Whilst the space serves a crucial role in enabling movement along the length of the building, for a large period of the building’s development the corridor was mostly empty, and greatly underutilised. When the project entered into the interior study phase, it was immediately apparent that this area would benefit the most from a more detailed development of its internal spaces. Prior to the developed interior redesign of the space, the sheltered corridor featured a long, unbroken line of glazing, was finished floor to ceiling in polished concrete, and was populated by the overflow seating of the restaurants above. The corridor’s only focal point were the views it was afforded onto the watersport centre’s training pool The introduction of the scheme’s structural goalpost frame began the development of the corridor, with these structural members, used to support the suspended restaurant units above, stepping further into the training pool than the corridor itself and creating an alcove in the otherwise linear space. With space within the suspended restaurants above at a premium, the tightly packaged bars and waiting spaces were relocated into the sub ground sheltered corridor, with the bar areas extending into the newly formed alcoves.

Extending the above ground masonry shrouding walls of the restaurant unit down into the corridor further helped to sub divide the corridor space, and break up the previously uniform space, with the new bar areas, contained between the masonry shrouding walls utilising cross braced timber structure of the suspended restaurant units above to form an ornate ceiling design in this space. Perforated brick inserts were also added to the external masonry wall, creating a delicate pattern which draws light into the space.

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Public Realm Development and Details The building’s public realm scheme was undertaken with the same level of delicacy as the building itself, and was designed in such a way that ensured that the addition of landscaping, trees and other street furniture did not impinge on the site lines towards the Water Tower preserved by the proposed building. With an aim to reduce the number of visual distractions that detract from the verticality of the Water Tower, the proposed public realm will not feature conventional street lamps, and will instead favour the use of low and floor level lighting to illuminate the pathways and urban spaces which surround the building. Where possible, lighting sources will be concealed, creating areas which are lit by a diffused glow as opposed to a series of spot-lit points.

The primary area of focus within the public realm scheme is the large open courtyard which borders the watersport centre entrance and ground floor bar, an area left empty following the formation of the watersport centre’s changing facilities directly below. The building’s canal basin boat launch is also encompassed within the courtyard space’s regeneration, with the key strategic change of the public realm scheme concerning the relationship between the boat launch and the main building.

In order to connect the ground level courtyard to the waterside tow path below, a staircase was added between the main body of the building and the boat launch. This alteration, whilst primarily concerned with allowing thoroughfare through the building’s outdoor spaces, creates a visual separation between the building and the boat area, and more clearly denotes them as two separate units within a whole.

The boat launch unit received further developments as a result of the public realm stage, with clerestory lighting, much like that used within the scheme’s sub ground kitchens, integrated into a planted roof. This simple alteration draws light down into the sub ground watersports waiting point, naturally lighting an area which previously relied on artificial illumination.

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Environmental Workshop 1 Diagrams and Notes

Action Points - Efficient Heated Spaces and Passively Heated Secondary

Action Points - Purification and Decontamination of Incoming Canal Water

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Understand the heating, cooling and ventilation requirements of each space and use type within the building in order to devise a suitable strategy.

Investigate and decide upon the most suitable environmental strategies and renewable energy sources to aid in the generation and retention of energy within the building.

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Investigate forms of natural water purification in detail, understanding the number of aquatic plants required to clean 1m³ of water to a sufficient standard, and the best aquatic plants for water purification and their seasons of operation.

Investigate and understand the function of ‘Living Machine’ water treatment systems and their purification capabilities and setup costs.

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Environmental Workshop 2 Diagrams and Notes

‘Living Machine’ Service Access and Additional Building Services

MVHR System and Passively Heating the Sheltered Corridor Via MVHR Hot Stale Air Exhaust Ducting

‘Living Machine’ Concealed Implementation Development

Action Points - Heating, Cooling, Ventilation and Passive Heating

Action Points - Development of Purification System for Canal Water

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Understand the number of air changes per hour required for the Restaurant to calculate ducting size, begin implementation of ductwork into floor and ceiling construction of restaurant unit.

Research Passivhaus and the MVHR system, and draft the environmental strategy for one of the three modules, including a means of passively heating the shared corridor.

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Further work on the implementation of the ‘Living Machine’ into the overall scheme, allowing the system to be integrated with minimal visual impact.

Understand methods of aerating and maintaining the treated water when it is within the training pool.

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Draft ‘Living Machine’ System Integration Draft MVHR Plant Room

Draft Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Strategy

Action Points - Heat, Cooling, Ventilation and Passive Heating Detail

Action Points - Water Purification Systems and Grey-Water Services

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Simplify the environmental systems to reduce ducting travel and complexity Integrate a Passivhaus like underfloor heating system to heat the sheltered corridor using MVHR exhaust air Locate 4x 300mm diameter ventilation ducting within the structural build-up

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Create a series of diagrams and which show the ‘Living Machine’ in its location within the scheme, and explain the system’s process.

Integrate UV light and water pumps in order to further ensure water quality and maintain decontaminated water.

Refine and develop grey-water usage strategy and explain system diagrammatically

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Environmental Study - Room Acoustics and Reduction of Sound Transfer - Staff Room, Changing Rooms and W.C The Watersport Centre’s Staff Room is located between numerous facilities which produce high sound levels when in use. Left unchanged, items within these facilities, such as the W.C’s hand dryers will produce a droning noise audible from within the Staff Room. To combat this, the diagram above demonstrates the alterations made to reduce sound transmission from internal spaces into the staff room, with hatched areas denoting the addition of further acoustic insulation where the staff room borders a louder space.

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Environmental Study - Room Acoustics and Reduction of Sound Transfer - Sub Ground Kitchen and Restaurant Lobby As the Staff Corridor will be in Constant Use, and the Door to the Kitchen Opened Continuously During Service, the Restaurant Office Receives Acoustic Insulation to Soundproof it from the Loud Facilities Which it is Surrounded by, Much like the Watersports Centre Staff Room. Acoustic Insulation is Also Added to the Building Where a Space Containing Mechanical or Electrical Plant Equipment Borders With Publicly Accessible Space, Which is Shown in Light Blue.

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Action Points - Retaining Wall Structures Suitable for Man Made Pools

Action Points - Cantilevered Buildings and Supporting Structure

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Investigate dam and weir like structures, fundamentals of containing large bodies of water, such as materials, shape and maximum load.

Investigate alternatives to solid, cast in situ concrete for walls.

Assess suitability of modular, interlocking brick wall systems such as Redi-Rock, or sheet piled steel as means of forming retaining wall structure.

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Decide upon the aesthetic of the movement corridor wall, is the corridor a length of uninterrupted glazing, or punctuated by external structural elements.

Investigate structural glazing systems, their maximum loads, the size of supporting columns and any other inhibiting factors such as maximum opening sizes.

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Action Points - Cantilevered Buildings and Supporting Structure • • •

Support all three buildings at both ends of span to allow all units to be underpinned by identical depth concrete floor beams Look to integrate 900mm deep concrete beams into floor build up to reduce visual depth against timber frame Research and understand ICA Boston’s cantilevered gallery spaces Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

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Action Points - Spanning Distance, Timber Box Frame and Foundations • • •

Update the building’s technical sections to Integrate the structural fundamentals of the Fußgängerbrücke precedent.

Investigate precedents for insulated timber buildings for the scheme’s roof, floor and glazing and combine with Fußgängerbrücke box truss structure Draft foundations of structure in section including retaining wall.

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Suspended Restaurant Unit’s Structural Design Following Technical Precedent Study

Structural Precedent and Influence Name- Fußgängerbrücke (Foot Bridge) Architect- Jürgen Usleber Location- Singen, Germany Technical Interest- Timber Cross Braced Frame & Steel Supports The Fußgängerbrücke in Singen, Germany was constructed for the State Horticultural Show of 2000. The pedestrian bridge’s primary structure comprises of cross braced, steel tied timber members which allow the scheme to span a distance of over 35m, and cantilever a further 10m from its supporting frame. The structural rigidity and strength created by the braced timber frame transforms the bridge itself into one large box truss, and removes any need to support the structure further with deep steel or concrete beams. The bridge sits within slim ‘H’ shaped portal frames at either end of its substantial span, further emphasising the simplicity and lightweight design of the project.

The proposed scheme will aim to implement the core ethos of the Singen Fußgängerbrücke into its structural resolution, creating a unit capable of spanning across the building’s training pools which is both lightweight in its appearance and its construction. Timber framework will sit outboard of the ‘H’ shaped portal frame in order to create the desired depth and appearance for the building’s façade, and to create a void in which the restaurants external envelope can be insulated. The cross tied underside of the spanning units will be clearly visible from the scheme’s canal side walkway and training pool, and thus attention must be paid to ensure this area of technical detail is resolved cleanly and remains in-keeping with the scheme.

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rant Unit

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Fire Strategy and Building Capacity The estimated maximum capacity of the proposed building is around 370 people, assuming all facilities including bars, restaurants and the Watersports centre are in use simultaneously. A realistic estimation of a typical day in use is closer to 250 to 300 people at any given time, spread across both floors of the building.

Table 2.1 of approved document B denotes the maximum travel distance between any given point and a final exit. For a building such as the proposed, which falls within purpose groups 4 and 5 (Shop and Commercial and Assembly and Recreation) in which travel to a final exit is possible in two or more directions, the maximum travel distance is 45m. The proposed building has been designed to comply with this regulation, and offers multiple means of escape within a 45m distance throughout in order to ensure a full evacuation of the building is possible irrespective of the location of the fire.

Means of Escape: Sub Ground Floor On the sub ground level, the primary means of escape from the building is gained through the use of a protected corridor to the rear. The protected corridor is directly accessible from within each restaurant lobby, and is served by two further escape corridors which lead directly to the final exits at either end of the primary protected corridor. The primary protected corridor and all secondary protected corridors which serve it are in excess of 1050mm in width, allowing up to 220 people per final exit to safely evacuate from the building. The scheme’s largest final exit is located at the building’s loading bay, which discharges into the adjacent Water Tower Gardens, wherein evacuees are able to retreat to a safe distance.

This final exit does not require evacuees to climb the deliveries ramp.

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Means of Escape: Ground Floor At ground floor level the building is separated into three self-contained units, with the 3 units consisting of two restaurants and one mixed use unit. As each unit is separate from one another, and each building is only a single storey in height, the means of escape for each building will be to evacuate using one of the two sets of doors located within the units onto the outdoor eating terraces that surround each unit at ground level.

Whilst the likelihood of a fire occurring within the above ground units is low due to the restaurants kitchens being situated below ground, it is still essential that the above ground units are able to be evacuated swiftly in the event of a fire on the sub ground floor, as the smoke from below could rise up into the ground floor units due to the staircase which links the two floors.

The building’s restaurant units span the width of the training pool below, as a result, these rooms are only able to be exited on the ground anchored end of the unit. In this case, only one direction of travel to a fire exit is possible when evacuating from the dining room. The units have been designed in order to comply with Table 2.1 of Approved Document B, with the maximum travel distance from an internal space to a final exit no greater than 18m.

With regard to accessible fire exits on the ground floor, evacuation for disabled users is possible through the accessible entry points of each above ground unit. Each accessible entry point can be pinned open in the event of fire, with the ramped access providing means of escape for those in wheelchairs.

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Building Wheelchair Accessibility In order to comply with Approved Document M (Access to and use of buildings), ramped access will be provided where necessary to all entrance thresholds of the proposed building. In the case of the scheme’s ground floor restaurant blocks and mixed use unit which sit above external ground level, an accessible access with a ramp of 450mm rise will be required. In order to satisfy part M Sections 1.19 to 1.26 on ramped access, the ramps to the aforementioned units will have a maximum gradient of 1:20, and will have a minimum unobstructed width of 1.5m along their length. The landings of the access ramps will be designed in excess of the minimum 1.2m in length required to comply with Approved Document M, in order to provide those using the access points ample space to manoeuvre into the building.

A Handrail will be provided to both sides of each of the building’s access ramps, with a slip resistant coating or textured ground covering also incorporated into their design.

For the scheme’s restaurant blocks, the building’s accessible access point will be located on the opposite side of the unit to the primary entry point, with both accesses opening onto the same restaurant bar/ lobby space.

All boundaries to the site, including transitions between the public footpath behind the building, and the now pedestrianised Tower Road, will seek to provide level access in order to ensure disabled persons visiting or passing alongside the proposed building do not encounter unnecessary curbs or height changes between the many surfaces that surround the building. Where a material change occurs between the scheme’s pathways and hard landscaping, the differing materials will have similar frictional characteristics to provide a uniform, slip resistant walking surface, this is in order to comply with Section 1.13 Provision E of Approved Document M.

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Building Entrances, Lifts and Corridors The scheme’s principle entrance, the main lobby and stairwell connecting the ground floor to the Watersports Centre below, has been designed so as to create an area of unobstructed space in front of the lobby’s lift to allow wheelchair users sufficient room to manoeuvre . The approach to the lift has an open area in excess of the 1500x1500mm required to comply with Section 3.28 Provision A of Approved Document M.

Watersports Shop

In order to accommodate both disabled and able bodies users, the lift cars within the proposed scheme have been specified to a minimum size of 1100x1400mm, with the landing call buttons for the lift system located at 900mm from floor level in order to ensure that the buttons are accessible to all user groups.

Information about the building, including the location of facilities, accessible lifts, entry points, and emergency exits will be clearly displayed on notice boards and signs upon entry to the building’s primary entrance and stairwell. The building’s reception kiosk, a moveable desk located at the foot of the principle entrance staircase, will be designed to accommodate both standing and seated visitors, with a section of the desk no higher than 760mm.

Spaces which feature a pair of single leaf doors opening onto a common lobby, such as the corridor of the restaurant block toilets, are designed to comply with Diagram 10 of Approved Document M. Diagram 10 states that within the restaurant toilet corridor the separation distance between the two open doors must be in excess of 1570mm, in order to allow a wheelchair user to manoeuvre between both doors, and open one without being within the swing of the other.

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Tower View Watersports and Leisure Complex The proposed thesis building combines watersports with leisure activity. The scheme is located within the Garden Quarter, a ward of the city of Chester set to be redeveloped in the near future. The building is situated within a new canal basin set out by the Garden Quarter’s regeneration masterplan, at the Shropshire Union Canal’s junction with the River Dee. The majority of the site is in close proximity to the historic Chester Water Tower, a symbol of the city’s past life as a thriving port.

The scheme has been designed to respect its vicinity to the tower, standing only one storey tall above ground level, with the largest masses within the building orientated to create lines of sight between the building towards the water tower, and from the water tower to the canal conversely.

The proposed scheme is a vibrant new mixed use building, combining a watersports centre with inboard training pool with leisure facilities such as bars and restaurants. The watersports centre is located on the sub ground floor, allowing users to enter directly at water level with both the training pool and the canal basin. The watersports centre has been designed with the beginner and the less experienced in mind, with the inboard training pool creating a safe, controlled environment in which to learn the basics of a chosen water sport. In addition to serving as a pool for beginners, the pool will periodically offer experience days, with the pool able to generate its own ‘white water’ waves, attracting tourists and more casual visitors.

The building’s top pool is split between a lido pool and a canal inlet, which allows the scheme to draw in water from the canal. Through the use of natural purification systems the scheme is able to decontaminate incoming canal water for use within its training pools, before expelling this cleansed water into the canal basin, creating a filter system for the Shropshire Union canal at its junction with the River Dee. The building has sequential use throughout the day, and is in operation from morning to the early hours of the following day. Areas of the building are shared between the water sports centre and leisure facilities, and are used differently depending on the time of day.

The hard landscaping and external spaces of the proposed building have been designed to allow thoroughfare through the scheme, connecting the previously separate Shropshire Union canal tow path, Water Tower gardens and Tower Road.

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MArch Year 2 Semester 1 Chester Urban Design Masterplan The first project of my second year of MArch study was the Chester Urban Design Masterplan scheme. Working as part of a group of two the project’s task was to re-imagine an area of Chester outside of the historic city walls. The region of Chester chosen by my group for urban regeneration was the ‘Garden Quarter’, an area that despite its close proximity to the city centre, had no identity of its own, and made little use of its advantageous location alongside the River Dee. The proposed regeneration scheme sought to bring leisure and entertainment to the Garden Quarter area, making use of it’s proximity to the Chester Racecourse in order to attract new visitors. A key infrastructural alteration to the area was the addition of a railway station, allowing racegoers to arrive directly at Chester Racecourse as opposed to the city centre, thus encouraging them to stay within the Garden Quarter area to enjoy leisure activities, bars and restaurants before and after a race meeting.

In order to promote a walkable city, the proposed scheme regenerated the area with dense new housing stock, creating more homes within walking distance of the city centre, encouraging those living in the area to commute on foot. The scheme also proposed a new waterfront, made possible by the implementation of a weir upstream on the River Dee, this set water level allowed this stretch of the river to offer a new location for water based activity.

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Urban Design Masterplan Foreword Chester is a historic city and is known, amongst other things, for its culture, its bustling shopping quarters and its Roman walled centre, it is a city which has evolved over centuries and has adapted to changes of industry, in addition to reinventing itself countless times along the way.

The city centre has built up in layers since the original Roman settlement, with houses, railways and road replacing what had come before.

The centre has seen near centuries of layered development, however the areas of the city beyond the walls tell a different tale.

Pushed outside of the city walls, developments too large or not in-keeping with the historic, tourist driven centre sprawl outwards. The areas outside of historic Chester have not evolved like their counterparts, areas within this space, successful or not, are retained instead of replaced, causing the city to expand ever further into its surroundings.

It is evident that quality urban planning and development has only gone to improving the experience of those visiting Chester for its tourism, with areas unseen by this demographic left to fight amongst themselves for the remaining scraps of resources.

This project will address the balance between the historic centre and the areas outside of the city walls, regenerating an underutilised and underappreciated area of Chester, which will benefit and bolster Chester’s tourism. In addition the scheme will demonstrate the use of these areas in bringing more residents within striking distance of the city centre.

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Chosen Urban Regeneration Ward & Site The garden quarter is a ward of Chester within striking distance of the city centre. Despite its proximity to the historic centre the area has been largely overlooked in terms of the potentials the area possesses, and is currently populated with mostly low density semi detached housing estates.

The university of Chester’s campus is located within the bounds of the garden quarter, with the area immediately surrounds the university filled with poorly maintained student housing.

The area has a number of key assets, such as its proximity to the scenic views of the river Dee, and to the Shropshire union canal, which divides the ward. The area is almost entirely residential, serving the city centre. Despite being within walking distance of the city, there are very few maintained footpaths or pedestrian routes to and from the area.

Tentative attempts to bring small businesses and shopping to the area were made in the early 2000’s when new residential blocks fronting the Shropshire union canal were designed with small shop units at ground floor, due to being hidden from direct sight behind numerous other buildings, coupled with the lack of foot traffic to the Garden Quarter ward as a whole ensured that the shopping district failed, with its ground floor shops left empty or converted to other uses over time. At present there are no substantial leisure facilities within the Garden Quarter, with the area doing little to attract visitors from the nearby Chester Racecourse.

The area of the Garden Quarter that has been chosen for Urban Redevelopment is the region closest to the River Dee and Central Chester, with the aim to regenerate the area into a vibrant multi-use district able to attract new visitors and residents.

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Objectives of the Urban Design Scheme Cheshire West and Chester Council has previously undertaken research to identify the future needs of Chester and its surrounding wards, with the learnings from this research forming the ‘One City’ 2012-2027 plan.

The aim of the ‘One City’ plan was to ‘guide development and investment in the City of Chester and its immediate environs’ and was formed by Chester Renaissance on the request of Cheshire West and Chester Council. The ‘One City’ plan outlines the direction of development for the next 15 years of Chester’s future, and sets out a clear strategy to improve the city from the perspective of Chester’s residents, businesses and tourists.

Whilst the ‘One City’ plan considers the future of Chester at a number of scales, from a national scale down to Chester’s suburbs, and city centre, the majority of the document is concerned with the historic city centre itself, with many of the wards and districts which surround the centre receiving little to no attention.

Whilst the ‘One City’ plan appears to focus on what the centre of Chester could do for its surrounding areas, perhaps a more suitable plan for Chester’s future would be to look at what improvement and investment into the ever expanding wards, and in particular the Garden Quarter, could instead do for the historic city centre.

The image adjacent highlights a number of key factors that currently contribute to the Garden Quarter ward, and other wards like it, feeling characterless and empty. By addressing the main issues highlighted when designing the new urban masterplan for the area it is hoped that the district is able to become a destination in its own right, providing unique experiences and activities which will attract people to the area and to the city of Chester as a whole.

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Statement of Intent for the Urban Masterplan A New Waterfront and a Controlled, Unified Body of Water Between the River Dee and Shropshire Canal In order to allow activity to occur at the water’s edge, the urban regeneration scheme proposes that the water level of the River Dee is controlled by a weir upstream of the Garden Quarter, a weir is already used to great effect at Chester’s south west boundary.

Controlling the water level within the area will allow developments to be located along the waterside, with the risk of these areas flooding now significantly reduced. The newly set water level will also allow for the River Dee and Shropshire Union Canal’s to be unified, enabling free movement between the two bodies of water. The scheme’s new Canal Basin could serve as a great location for watersports activities and classes, with the river itself able to be used by those more experienced in watersports.

Densification and New Housing Stock The revised Garden Quarter area has been redeveloped to reflect its proximity to Chester city centre, replacing sprawling residential estates with dense new housing and apartments.

Increasing the density within the area will enable those that inhabit the Garden Quarter to commute to jobs within Chester city centre on foot, with the aim to reduce the volume of vehicular traffic entering Chester by those living in wards beyond walkable distance.

The housing stock within the regenerated area will be of a small to moderate size, and will remain affordable, encouraging young professionals, and graduates of the University of Chester to move into the area and work in the city, commuting to work via the redeveloped footpaths. The re-imagined Garden Quarter area will provide a younger area of Chester, a district with a vibrant night life that encourages students to remain in Chester post graduation.

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MArch Year 2 Semester 1 Management Practice and Law Management, Practice and Law (MPL), was a module within LJMU’s MArch Year 2 which provided students with the chance to undertake work on a ‘live project’, an architectural commission with a real world site, client and project budget.

For the duration of the Management, Practice and Law module I worked within a design team of 7 LJMU MArch students on a proposal for a new pavilion building, located within the historic Callister Garden in Birkenhead.

The module provided us as a group with the freedom to approach the project as if we were the Architect, holding meetings with the client, taking minutes, and incorporating feedback into the final scheme. My roles within the project team were to record minutes of the client meetings, and to develop the design of the pavilion during the latter stages of the project.

The final design outcome for the project was very well received by the client, the Callister trust, who intend to build the design, hoping to complete the new pavilion by summer 2021 in time for the centenary celebration of the Callister Garden, to which we have all been invited.

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Management, Practice and Law Overview Management, Practice and Law (MPL), is a module within LJMU’s 6th year MArch programme which provides students with the chance to undertake work on a ‘live project’, an architectural commission with a real world site, client and project budget. Working within a group of 7 students to simulate a typical architectural design team, the module is a practical exploration into real world architectural work, and the requirements and necessary knowledge that stretches beyond simply the design of a building.

The live project undertaken by the LJMU design team was in relation to the Callister Walled Garden in Birkenhead, Liverpool. The project’s clients, the Callister Trust, approached LJMU with regard to the design of a new pavilion building, which would be sited within the garden. A pavilion building had occupied a corner of the site from the garden’s inception nearly 100 years ago, and continued to stand in the garden until around the mid 20th century, as a result, the client were keen to reinstate a small pavilion to this area of the site.

During the initial client meeting held on the 23rd of October 2019, the client outlined their aspirations for the pavilion with the design team, and provided us with a short brief upon which discussion and scheme development could begin.

The proposed scheme was designed to meet the aspirations of the Callister Trust in a cost effective manner, creating a pavilion that would be simple to construct, and would also offer the flexibility and utilities required for the trust to welcome a large range of activities within the pavilion. The pavilion is split into 2 smaller units, a facilities and store unit and the pavilion itself, unified visually by an over-sailing roof.

The building orientates its largest openings towards the garden, with the remainder of the building finished in a heavy rammed earth material, focussing the more expensive architectural moves around where they are needed most, in order to respect the project’s budget, in addition to reducing the number of potential entry points and openings to improve the building’s security.

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MArch Year 1 Semester 2 Modular Housing Project Following detailed research into the modular, prefabricated homes of post war Britain for my specialist study dissertation, I chose to utilise my newly established knowledge in the sector to create a modern interpretation of the modular system for my first year MArch housing project.

The proposed scheme comprised of three common modular unit types which could be orientated and connected to one another in a number of different arrangements, allowing the modules to form both a terrace house or an apartment block using the same units.

The scheme’s modular units draw influence from the AIROH prefabricated emergency houses erected following the Second World War, and their modern day counterpart, the hoUSe development by Urban Splash, with each module designed to be constructed almost in its entirety off site before being sited on its plot, with only the joining of multiple units and the building’s final fit, finish, and electrical and service connections to be completed on site.

For the developed design stage of the project, the scheme’s apartment block type was used to refine the building’s construction, internal detail and environmental strategy. Improvements made to the apartment block type improved the modular units themselves, which in turn refined the design of the terrace housing type.

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Modular Housing Project Introduction Modular and Prefabricated Housing is used worldwide to provide a cost effective and simple solution to the need for rapid development, however in the UK, prefabricated housing has not been used in social housing projects since the emergency ‘Prefab’ homes erected post World War Two. My project seeks to demonstrate that modular construction is a viable means of house building in the UK, and should be considered for the future of housing construction, as the need for sustainable, low carbon footprint housing arises in increasingly environmentally aware times.

Whilst modular houses of old were inferior to their traditionally built counterparts, my project will demonstrate that new modular homes, embracing modern construction methods and materials, can provide an improved quality of space and living when compared against standard construction housing. My project, located within Everton, Liverpool, comprises of 8 town houses and two apartment blocks, all constructed from a handful of connectible modules.

The scheme’s apartment block, the focus of my detailed and technical study, is constructed using only three module types, a living unit, a bedroom unit and a central stair core. The buildings two inhabitable module types are rotated and alternated around the central core, creating the block’s modern form. The apartments were designed to appeal to both first time buyers and down-sizers.

Each apartment is formed from a generously sized open plan living module and a bedroom/ bathroom unit. In its combined state, this apartment system can be rotated and repositioned to complete a full floorplan, and is able to be mirrored to vary the buildings external appearance.

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Apartment Block Isometric Floor Build Up | Two Units Per Floor

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Modular Housing Scheme Site Plan | Sterling Way, Liverpool

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Modular Housing Scheme Isometric Site Plan | Sterling Way, Liverpool

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MArch Year 1 Semester 2 Specialist Study Dissertation For my MArch Year One dissertation, or ‘specialist study’, I chose to research the prefabricated homes of post Second World War Britain. Through my specialist study into the subject I intended to understand the situations and circumstances that shaped the prefabricated emergency home’s design, and the reasons why Britain turned its back on the modular home after the war time period.

The prefabricated home was loved by those who lived in them, however their use of non standard construction materials turned many away, with a stigma beginning to surround the prefabricated system as the years went by.

The conclusion of my specialist study, summarised briefly, was that the prefabricated home, and in turn the prefabricated system, was not flawed or lesser than a standard construction home in essence, but it was instead their use of experimental materials, and the fact that they were constructed solely by aviation companies which doomed the system to obscurity. Following the Second World War, during which time they had been contracted to build prefabricated housing, Aviation companies returned to plane building, abandoning their manufacture of prefabricated homes, and delaying the widespread adoption of the prefabricated system in Great Britain by decades in the process.

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Extract From ‘Prefabrication in House Building, Its History and Future’ Pg. 4-5 Introduction to Study Prefabrication in the modern world, surrounds us at all times, even if we are not always aware of it, with almost every product in the 21st century pre-made in some way. Whilst on external appearances alone it could be believed that the construction of the typical house has remained unchanged for centuries, modern day homes now utilise prefabricated or ‘modular’ elements to construct them. Whilst the smaller scale prefabrication of components and structural elements are now commonly accepted within the housing sector, at one time prefabrication was seen as a method that could be used to build entire homes. The prefabricated house could be assembled off site before being placed on its plot, a single piece of manufactured design containing all the necessary fixtures to provide near instant use.

Within this specialist study, the post war era of prefabricated housing will be explored, investigating the social and economic situations that resulted in the adaptation, and eventual abandonment of the prefabricated system within housing developments in Great Britain. The study’s scope of investigation will centre primarily around the emergency homes that were created under The Housing (Temporary Accommodation) Act of 1944, with this document providing details of the system’s history and origins, and its use within post war reconstruction.

The study will focus primarily upon the time period that surrounded the Second World War, between the years of 1940 and 1950, as this period encompasses both the temporary prefabricated home’s development stage in addition to the years of the system’s implementation.

Fig. A Development of Uni-Seco Prefabricated Temporary Housing, Poplar, East London.

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Specialist Study Dissertation

Extract From ‘Prefabrication in House Building, Its History and Future’ Pg. 4-5 Introduction to Study Continued The study will use its research to isolate the factors which most inhibited the temporary prefabricated unit, and prefabrication as a whole, from reaching its full potential during the post war period. The study will investigate which of these inhibiting factors were as a result of the system’s own shortcomings, and which were as a result of the circumstances of the post Second World War era.

The document’s latter pages will suggest the potentials of a prefabricated housing scheme in the modern-day, and will highlight what learnings from the 1940’s prefabricated housing effort might be applied to this new scheme in order for it to be deemed successful, and as a viable means of modern house construction.

Throughout the specialist study, the stigma surrounding prefabrication will be discussed, with the document providing information through research to suggest how the negative connection with prefabrication was first established, and will argue as to whether the negative connotations associated to the system, and to temporary post war housing, were justified. Any mention of ‘Post War’ within this document is in reference to the time period immediately following the Second World War.

Fig. The sight of ruined buildings on the numerous bomb sites in Britain’s cities and towns was not good for morale, so ruins were knocked down, and their sites cleared to create room for new homes. Prefabricated Temporary Housing often filled gaps in terraces, sitting between the rows of Pre War homes, like those pictured opposite.

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Extract From ‘Prefabrication in House Building, Its History and Future’ Pg. 18-19 Factors of Prefabricated Housing’s Stigma & Poor Social Image Before the system’s use within the housing sector under the temporary accommodation scheme, the term ‘Prefabrication’ was largely associated with commercial buildings and utilitarian structures, namely sheds, sectional garages and military units such as the Nissen Hut. (See Figure 8) Upon their introduction, many Britons struggled to see beyond the prefabricated housing system’s commercial origins, believing the prefabricated home to be something of a glorified shed, with Irish playwright and critic George Bernard Shaw referring to the units as ‘‘Damn Tin Cans’’. In order to tackle the negative connotations associated with the system, the government set about a wave of ‘prefab propaganda’ including;

‘‘..BBC programmes analysing the virtues of prefabrication’’ Blanchet, E. 2017. Prefab Homes Pg. 13

Despite the best efforts of these government backed programmes, and other marketing campaigns on behalf of prefabricated housing, a large swathe of the British public maintained their distaste for the system, believing it to be largely inferior to standard masonry construction due to its temporary nature, and saw it as undesirable.

Fig. The Nissen Hut was one of the first habitable structures to be constructed from a Prefabricated System. Prefabrication’s utilitarian origins tainted the public’s views of the Prefabricated Home, as many saw these houses as nothing more than glorified huts.

Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

Specialist Study Dissertation

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Specialist Study Dissertation

Extract From ‘Prefabrication in House Building, Its History and Future’ Pg. 18-19 Factors of Prefabricated Housing’s Stigma & Poor Social Image Continued

‘‘The temporary house it will be said is clearly no solution. It is structurally unsound, socially undesirable and, worst of all, financially unorthodox’’ Mumford, L. Found Within Anthony, H. Permanence and Prefabrication Pg. 30

The public perception of prefabricated homes was not aided by the system’s external appearance, with many believing that the homes were unappealing in their exterior design, and devoid of any character. Although the attractiveness of its external ‘envelope’ was never the primary concern of the temporary home, the Ministry of Works openly acknowledged in a document from December of 1944 that the exterior appearances of these new prefabricated units were far from aesthetically pleasing, stating that;

‘‘..It must be conceded that the design has not yet in outward expression fully found itself.’’

Ministry of Works. Dec. 1944. P.R.O. HLG 101/556.

In stark contrast to the lack of attention paid to the external appearances of the temporary prefabricated house, a great deal of time and development had gone into the design and layout of its internal spaces and rooms. The result of extensive research undertaken by the Burt and Dudley Committees, and in consultation with numerous architectural practices and consultants, the resulting internal layout created for the temporary prefabricated home offered a generously sized, well equipped internal space more than capable of comfortably housing the typical British family.

Fig. Prefabricated Temporary Homes such as the Arcon featured corrugated sheeting on their external faces. The Prefab’s corrugated appearance was similar to that of the Nissen Hut, this resemblance doing little to improve the public’s opinion of the homes.

Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

MArch Year 1 Semester 1 Ellesmere Port Urban Design My first project of MArch study at LJMU was an urban design masterplan for the town centre of Ellesmere Port.

Beginning as a group project, the strategy for the area’s regeneration revolved around improving the walk-ability of the chosen site, and the points of connection which the area made with the buildings and spaces which surrounded it.

Following the completion of the initial urban masterplan as a group, the project progressed to an individual design stage, where each group member developed an area of the wider masterplan in greater detail.

The area which I chose to develop in further detail was the entertainment and leisure square located to the south boundary of the regenerated area, an area filled with restaurants, bars, and other social activity. The concept for the area was to create a series of stepped terraces onto which restaurants and bars could open onto, with larger facilities such as car parking, a cinema and nightclubs concealed below the terrace’s floor.

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Ellesmere Port Urban Design

Ellesmere Port Group Masterplan | Site and Whitby Road Streetscape Analysis

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Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio |

Ellesmere Port Urban Design

Ellesmere Port Group Masterplan | Urban Masterplan Development Story Board

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Ellesmere Port Urban Design

Ellesmere Port Group Masterplan | Proposed Masterplan

Reworked Site Pathway In order to continue the walkable pathway beyond the scheme’s developed site, our masterplan includes the redevelopment of the roads and pavements between the site and Ellesmere Port train station. To enable our proposed route to be pedestrian focused and orientated, the redeveloped pathways will widen and incorporate safe crossing points much like those shown linking our site to the Port Arcades and also Whitby Park, in addition to cycle paths and soft landscaping to visually separate the walkway from the busy Whitby Road.

Reworked Civic Square Retaining its current layout and location, the existing town square will become a more clearly identified civic square. Bound by the Library, Civic Hall, and new Council House and Well being block, the site will contain access to the aforementioned buildings, and functions as the gateway to the rest of the site from the new Ellesmere Port pedestrian route.

Multi Use Square Acting as an adaptable event space, the multi use square consists mainly of open urban paving, and is suitable for year round temporary attractions such as outdoor performances, fairs, and Christmas markets. Bound by light retail the space, temporary activities will generate atmosphere within the square year round.

Shopping Boulevard Linking the two largest urban squares within the development, the shopping boulevard creates an enclosed funnel of retail towards pause spaces. Bound by low rise two and three storey units on either side, the space remains light and airy despite the increased urban density.

Entertainment and Leisure Square The largest and most extensively designed area of the urban scheme, the square plays host to the project’s restaurant quarter, with these businesses opening up onto a central green square, with outdoor seating and life spilling out of the restaurants and into the central areas. In addition to the food and drink, the square also includes a cinema complex, ensuring the space becomes an entertainment hub with Ellesmere Port. As the final square before the parkway to the site’s south west, the square frames a series of scenic views to Whitby Park, and offers a seamless transition to this space through the use of slow, pedestrian focussed roadways.

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Ellesmere Port Urban Design

Ellesmere Port Group Masterplan | Atmospheric Sketches of Proposed Scheme

Atmospheric Sketch 1 | Approach From Whitby Park

Atmospheric Sketch 2 | Towards Shopping Boulevard

Atmospheric Sketch 3 | View Across Leisure Square

Atmospheric Sketch 4 | Library & Civic Square Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

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Individual Urban Design Introduction Following the conclusion of the group urban masterplan, attention turned to individually developing an area of the wider masterplan in a greater level of detail. The area which I chose to develop further was the entertainment and leisure square located at the south boundary of the regenerated area, an area filled with restaurants, bars, and other social activity.

Before undertaking any individual design work within my chosen square, I first chose to analyse the space to identify layout issues. Following my analysis I chose to rework an area of the urban block in order to improve the square’s space division and pedestrian flow and investigated precedents that could influence my design. The initial concept for the area was to create a series of stepped terraces onto which the area’s restaurants and bars could open onto, with the raising height level of the terraces becoming a storey tall at its highest, allowing night clubs, bowling alleys and a cinema to be created at an artificial sub ground level, whilst bars and restaurants spilled onto the raised terrace above.

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Ellesmere Port Urban Design

Ellesmere Port Individual Masterplan | Site Plan, The Terraces Leisure Square

The Terraces | Urban Masterplan Area of Individual Study

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Ellesmere Port Urban Design

Ellesmere Port Individual Masterplan | Atmospheric Sketches of Proposed Scheme

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Ellesmere Port Urban Design

Ellesmere Port Individual Masterplan | Perspective Cross Sections Through the Proposed Scheme

The Terraces | Urban Masterplan Section A-A

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Curriculum Vitae

Adam Shallcross Curriculum Vitae Part I qualified Architectural Assistant currently studying for a Masters of Architecture at Liverpool John Moores University. Strong knowledge of CAD software, and previous experience in small to mid-sized architectural practices.

Completion of Part II MArch qualification expected May 2020 Personal Details Name: Adam Shallcross Address: 22 Wellcroft Gardens, Lymm, Cheshire, England, WA13 0LU Contact: Home- 01925 755156 Mobile- 07887 367609 Email: Adamshallcross@sky.com Nationality: British Date of Birth: 12/10/1995. 24 Years Old. Education (2018- Present) Liverpool John Moores University- MArch- Working at Predicted 1st (2014- 2017) Nottingham Trent University- BArch- Upper Second-Class Honours (2:1) (2012-2014) Lymm High School Sixth Form- 3 A Levels Awarded, Grades A, B, E (2007-2012) Lymm High School- 8 GCSE’s Awarded, Grades A (4) B (3) C (1) Software Capabilities Microsoft Office- Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher Autodesk AutoCAD Limited Experience of Autodesk Revit Trimble Sketchup and V-Ray Rendering Package Adobe Photoshop and InDesign Key Achievements Technical studies and sectional drawings for the final project of my bachelor’s degree at Nottingham Trent University were exhibited within the university’s third year degree show within an area designated to examples of outstanding work.

Following my first year of postgraduate study at Liverpool John Moores, my work was chosen to be displayed at the end of year degree show exhibition. The drawings chosen from my portfolio were shown alongside work from final year students.

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Curriculum Vitae

Experience Record September 2017-August 2018- June 2019-August 2019 Randle White Architects Role- Part I Architectural Assistant Building from previous years of experience, I undertook a years work placement at Randle White Architects following the completion of my bachelor’s degree, starting in the September of 2017.

Throughout the course of this year in industry I was able to further my understanding of work within an architectural practice, and was entrusted with increasingly complex tasks as my time at the practice progressed. Upon the completion of my year working for Randle White Architects I was proficient in producing architectural plans and documents, undertaking technical works such as building regulations packages, and had become capable of producing thorough design and access statements for planning applications. In June of 2019 I returned to the practice for paid summer work, and built upon the role I undertook during Part I placement.

June 2016- Randle White Architects Role- Work Experience Between my second and third years at Nottingham Trent University I was able to secure a summer long work experience position at Randle White Architects. During the placement I was treated as a full member of the office and was tasked with answering telephones, interfacing with clients, and undertaking surveys with the company’s senior architects. Using my existing CAD skills, I worked on translating written survey notes into digital technical drawings which were then used within client meetings. The experience I gained during this placement was invaluable as it provided me with firsthand experience of working within an architectural practice, and greatly improved my confidence in my ability to interface with clients in a professional manner.

August 2013- Mott MacDonald Ltd Role- Work Experience Over my Sixth Form summer break I arranged a three week, full time, voluntary placement at Mott MacDonald Ltd, Altrincham. Working with a ‘client’ within Mott MacDonald’s team I was given a design brief which was to design and produce a scale model of an architect's studio. I was asked to discuss and agree customer requirements with my client prior to developing the design. This enabled me to further develop my communication skills and gave me the confidence to discuss and present my designs.

June 2013- Sellafield Ltd Role- Work Experience During my A level study, I completed a one week work experience at Sellafield’s Hinton House, and spent time within each of the company’s departments; CE&I, Mechanical and Civil Structural. Whilst at the office I was able to develop my CAD skills and was set tasks by each of the departments. During my time in the Civil Structural department I was set the task of designing a new modern dwelling.

References References available upon request.

Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio

Adam Shallcross 2020 Portfolio