Williams, James

James Coulman Williams 2020 Portfolio

BA(Hons) Architecture Liverpool School of Art and Design

20202020 Portfolio Portfolio First First Name Name Surname Surname

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Contents James Coulman Williams Third year undergraduate coming from Liverpool John Moores University.

My goal is this - make a posi ve di erence to the world, connect the unconnected and bring meaning to the meaningless. Every design, every idea and every decision we take in architecture should follow this fundemental principle. The work I have created over these last three years has sort to create design that make a di erence to peoples lives, connect unconnected places and brought meaning to every ascept of design.

BA Year 3 Semester 2 CDP Design

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BA Year 3 Semester 1 Architectural Design 3

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BA Year 2 Semester 2 Experimental Design

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BA Year 2 Semester 1 Urban Design Project

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BA Year 1 Semester 2 A Place For Craf ng

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BA Year 1 Semester 1 Archifilm

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NORTHERN POWERHOUSE ASSEMBLY

INTERWEAVE

Concept How can architecture form a response in parliamentary design to increase voter engagement and sa sfac on.

Deep dissa sfac on towards our public ins tu ons over the last two decades has resulted in alarming increase of low voter turnout in many of the elec ons that take place within the poli cal structure of the United Kingdom. Comparing this to voter turnout gures within the UK we see voter turnout rates as low as 59% compared to Germany which was 70%.

Adaptability

An inves ga on took place into a comparison in parliamentary design of the German Bundestag and UK House of Commons which found that its design was more Transparent, more Adaptable and encouraged consensus. From research we can determine that there is a link between the nature of the poli cal climate and the parliamentary design of a legislature.

Consensus

Transparency

INTERWEAVE ‘Weave or become woven together’

Thema c Approach As with poli cs there is no simple answer to a ma er so large. This is the very same when is comes to design. If we were looking for a simple answer to increasing voter engagement within the UK, there would be no answer. Instead, we look at the interweaving of di erent elements that work together to achieve the goal in hand.

Therefore with this in mind, with the goal of crea ng a legislature that will engage the unengaged, decreases the poli cal divide and represent all Northerners, the concept establishes:

Connectivity

Identity

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Voter Engagement

vity North of England Canal System

York

Concept One - Connec vity

Hull

From site analysis we discovered that historically, Dukes Dock and the surrounding dockside was a central hub for the transporta on of cargo across the North of England through the canal systems Taking the parameters of the canal route, The Route of connec vity will symbolise the connec ng of

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the North but it will also allow for the programma c study to be formed from this.

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Concept Two - Voter Engagement To highlight the low voter turnout within the North of England, the voter turnout gures of each of the 12 regions are studied and along with the popula on gures, ‘triangles of engagement’ will be formed.

The triangles, that make up the en es of the Assembly, each are formed with their prime angle set at the average voter turnout rate for that region, for example Northumberland had an average voter turnout rate of 68.7%, therefore the prime angle is set at that exact degrees.

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Tyne & Wear Cumbria Durham North Yorkshire Lancashire

- Voter Turnout Percentage h

h - County Population Percentage a - Total No h Population

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7. East Riding of Yorkshire 8. West Yorkshire 9. Merseyside 10. Greater Manchester 11. South Yorkshire 12. Cheshire

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Triangle of Engagement

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1. Northumberland

Blackpool Tower, No h West Region

Concept Three - Iden ty

Angel of the No h, No h East Region

O en stated as the ‘People’s House’ the legisla ves across the world main func on is to represent the people. However from research, ndings found that parliamentary buildings usually grand in design, do not through represent the people they serve but instead represent power and wealth.

To address the issue of iden ty of each of the regions of the north, famous symbols of each region will be included within the building facade and interior details. This will as people see the building or enter it, give the sense that all of the north is represented in the Assembly.

Yorkminster, Yorkshire and the Humber Region

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First Floor Plan Public Viewing Galleries & Members O ces Liverpool, United Kingdom

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Ground Floor Plan Legisla ve, Ci zens Assembly and Public Liverpool, United Kingdom

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The Ci zens Assembly To improve voter engagement a second chamber is part of the programma c makeup of the Assembly with members of the public deba ng legisla on, based on using a jury system selec on process.

North East Region Tower Tower dedicated to o ce for elected members from the North East Region.

Press Brie ng Room To improve transparency in the poli cal process two large press brie ng rooms are situated in the Assembly

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North West Region Tower Tower dedicated to o ce for elected members from the North West Region.

The Route of Connec vity Derived from the form of the canal system in the North of England, the route of connec vity forms the spine of the Assembly.

Yorkshire & the Humber Region Tower Tower dedicated to o ce for elected members from the Yorkshire and the Humber Region.

The Viewing Gallery 80 Seat Viewing gallery to improve transparency.

The Deba ng Chamber 101 Seat Hemicycle Deba ng chamber with half of sea ng wheelchair accessible.

Electors-Elected Engagement Area To ensure the elected are accountable to the public and to allow the public to voice their opinion, the two routes of the elected and the electors will collide in the light well of discussion

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1:750 Structural Exploded Axonometric 1

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Structure

1. Triangular roof structure angled at various degrees to achieve interweave form.

Structure composed of diagrid form to achieve structural stability and soundness.

The diagrid structure transmits loads to columns.

2. Independent roof structures angled at 20 degrees, 18 degrees and 16 degrees to highlight voter turnout in the 3 regions.

The reasoning for the independency form main structure is to allow construction in segments o! site, resulting in quicker assembly and construction onsite.

3. Independent structure angled to form central corridor, leaver system is used to ensure tension and compression forces are sound at an increased angle.

4. 500mm x 260mm Douglas %r Timber Split Glulam Beams. These are secured to each side of a column this allows the column to be continuous and also to provide suppo$ to the CLT slabs that rest upon it.

5. 310mm x 310mm Douglas %r Timber Beam that span perpendicular to split beam.

6. 560mm x 280mm Douglas %r Timber Glulam Columns %xed to foundation via Fabricated Steel Flitch foundation footing secured with two M10 through bolts, covered with timber for extra %re protection.

7. Steel Cross Brace to reduce movement and provide strength.

CLT Elements 8. 220mm (5 layer) CLT Roof Slab secured to Glulam beams via M8 hercow screw and bracket.

9. 220mm (5 layer) CLT Floor Slab secured to Glulam beams via hercow screw and bracket. Using thick CLT slabs eliminated the need for additional joists thus reducing construction time.

10. CLT Stairwell and Li) Sha), also provides extra suppo$ to structure.

Debating Chamber Elements 11. Curved 310mm x 310mm Douglas Fir Timber Glulam Beam %xed to columns to achieve curved debating chamber.

12. 220mm (5 layer) CLT Floor Slab secured to CLT load bearing structure via hercow screw and bracket.

13. 364mm (6 layer) CLT load bearing structure secured to foundation via hercow screw and bracket with moisture barrier in-bet ween. Load bearing structure customised to ensure debating chamber seating arrangement of an angel and curved is achieved.

Foundation 14. Reinforced Concrete 550mm in depth at its max and 250mm at its min.

15. Reinforced Pile Cap with fabricated steel 'itch column footing set within.

16. Ø350 sho$-bored pile.

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Structural Floor Plan Second to Seventh Floor1:20 (Second Floor diagrid Detail structure shown) Construction Liverpool, United Kingdom

Structural Floor Plan First Floor Liverpool, United Kingdom

Structural Floor Plan Ground Floor Liverpool, United Kingdom

Roof 1. 50mm x 400mm Aluminium Parapet anchored to secondary steel parapet channel.

2. Trapezoidal style corrugated aluminium sheets secured to a series of ba&ens and counter ba&ens.

3. 120mm thick (5 layer) CLT upstand enclosed with 70mmm wood %bre insulation with aluminium foil vapour barrier lining with aluminium capping with so"t clad joining below with ventilation gap. Secured to CLT roof via M8 hercow screw and bracket with timber bolt %re covering plate.

4. 450mm x 180mm stainless steel drain layered on a bed of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber beneath, situated above 70mm wood %bre insulation with suppo$ of 70mm x 25mm solid Douglas %r wood ba&ens along the perimeter.

5. 240mm wood %bre insulation enclosed in Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber si&ing on aluminium foil for vapour control.

6. 120mm thick Cross laminated timber (CLT) (5 Layer) secured to Glulam structure via M8 hercow screw and brackets, covered with timber plate for %re protection.

Structure 7. 300mm x 260mm Douglas %r 'itch beam consisting of 30mm x 260mm steel 'itch plate sandwiched between two 115mm x 260mm glulam beams, connected together via a staggered series of through bolts. Bolts are covered with 2mm dowel to improve %re resistance. Flitch beams are used to suppo$ angular nature of the roof.

8. 310mm x 280mm Douglas %r glulam beam secured A to a 560mm x 280mm Douglas %r glulam column via a series of through bolts spaced 5 times is diameter apa$ from each other and of the edge of the beam to avoid splits in the timber. Covered with 2mm timber dowels.

9. 500mm x 260mm Douglas %r primary beam formed in pairs of two to increase structural strength and stability and to allow for cantilevers.

10. 350mm x 240mm Douglas %r secondary beam.

1:10 Roof Construction Detail

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1:10 Window Construction Detail 11 12 1:1000

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Window 11. 5mm Aluminium Sloped Flashing.

12. 20mm x 260mm Plywood to form suppo$ for 26 window structure.

Structural Section A-A 1:1000 13. Window Flange connected to breathable membrane.

Liverpool, United Kingdom 14. 20mm Top Extension Jamb.

15. PVC Window frame that encases glazed panels.

16. Doubled Glazed Window with 18mm vacuum gap Key form increased insulation.

17. 25mm Interior Lower Jamb.

Glulam Beam 18. 25mm Exterior Window Spill at 2 degree slant for water run-o!.

Glulam Columns 19. Waterproof membrane.

CLT Flooring 20. Window Frame Connected to mountain block.

21. Blocking for Flanged Window mounting.

CLT Li)/Stair Sha) 32 22. Polyisocyanurate rigid insulation enclosed in Ethylene CLT Load Bearing Frame Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber si&ing on Foundation/Retaining Wall aluminium foil for vapour control.

Facade (Prefabricated Timber Case!e) 23. Cor-Ten Weathering steel cladding panels secured to prefabricated timber casse&e by series of timber ba&ens and counter ba&ens.

24. 200mm polyisocyanurate rigid insulation %&ed inbetween a series of structural Timber noggins surrounded by on the exterior a pro%ted Breather membrane and on the interior a Vapour Control layer. Displayed is33 a 1:500 Axonometric Study of the Structure of the 25. Enclosed the 15mm oriented strand board (OSB)building. The34structure was developed in a way to best represent secured to the glulam structure with a series ofthe form of the concept of interweave helped by using a series of brackets Finished with 12.5mm plasterboard. triangular roofs. To ensure this was structure sound a triangle 1:750 Axonometric 26. Aluminium So"t with ventilation gap. diagrid roof formation was formed. The use of a Glulam Structure

Axonometric, Plan & Sectional Study

system hybrid 35 with a CLT "ooring, li# and stair eliminated the First-to-Seventh Floor Flooring need for structural joists. Plans and Sectional studies are shown to 27. Herringbone panelled Oak Timber 'ooring si&ing onshow structural make up and load paths.

35mm screed which enclosed unde(loor heating wires and temperatures sensors.

28. 50mm Wood %bre insulation with aluminium foil vapour barrier lining the insider.

29. 220mm CLT Floor slab (5 Layer) secured to Glulam structure via M10 hercow screw and bracket.

No!hern Powerhouse Assembly

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Foundation 30. Exposed Polished Concrete 150mm of screed with unde(loor heating wires and temperature sensors.

31. 300mm polyisocyanurate rigid insulation si&ing on a damp proof membrane which feeds via a damp proof course into the outside drainage.

32. Additional 50mm insulation below a pressured treated cap strip for sound insulation.

33. Land drain pipe surrounded by hardcore.

34. Steel-reinforced concrete foundation (Pile Cap) which suppo$s the concrete ra) foundation at its max 550mm in depth and 250mm at its min layered with 100mm of sand and hardcore beneath..

35. Ø350 sho$-bored pile placed below 40mm of lean mix concrete binding.

Column-Foundation Connection 36. 560mm x 260mm Glulam Column 37. Foundation Reinforced concrete ra).

38. Steel 'itch base plate 39. Reinforced concrete pile cap.

40. Ø350 sho$-bored pile placed above 40mm of lean mix concrete binding.

Column-Foundation Connection 41. 220mm CLT (5 layer) 'oor 'ab secured to beam using hercow screw and bolts.

42. 560mm x 280mm Glulam Column 43. 310mm x 310mm Glulam Beam 44. 500mm x 260mm Glulam Beam

THE INTERWEAVE

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WEATHER OR NOT

FRAGMENTATION

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Netherlands Poland UK Turkey

Malaysia Indonesia

1. Plo

3. Forming the

2. Running a line through the plot, angling the line to the degrees set out from the horizontal origin

4. Forming the second fragment from the grid

Interior Walls

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A system of Interior walls with 150mm solid Douglas fir timber studs.

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200mm polyisocyanurate rigid insulation fitted in-between timber studs

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Finished with 12.5mm plasterboard.

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Facade

1. Prefabricated Timber Cassettes with Aluminium Soffit for ventilation. 200mm polyisocyanurate rigid insulation fitted in-between a series of structional Timber noggins surrounded by on the exterior a profited Breather membrane and on the interior a Vapour Control layer. Enclosed the 15mm oriented strand board (OSB) secured to the glulam structure with a series of brackets Finished with 12.5mm plasterboard.

2. Anodised Aluminum cladding panels secured to prefabricated timber cassettes by series of timber battens and counter battens.

3. C o r- T e n c l a d d i n g p a n e l s s e c u r e d t o prefabricated timber cassettes by series of timber battens and counter battens.

4. Ash Wood cladding panels secured to prefabricated timber cassettes by series of timber battens and counter battens.

5. Polli Brick Structure - 75mm x 75mm HSS Steel column substructural sub framing fastened with fastening joints to 560mm x 280 Glulam Column. 80mm x 20mm steel batten secured to PolliBrick group via bracket and bolt. 1624mm x 176mm PolliBrick group consisting of individual 308mm thick Polli Bricks stacked together and secured by its form. Polli Bricks are filled with aerogel to improve insulation. PVC Sheet on exterior to further secure the PolliBrick.

Structure

1. Independent Joist Structure angled at 10 degrees to achieve the desired angled form.

2. 560mm x 280mm Timber Glulam Columns fixed to foundation via Fabricated Steel Flitch foundation footing secured with two M10 through bolts.

3. Flitch connection bolted with M10 bolts covered with timber for extra fire protection. Secured at the top via circular steel column directly to Glulam Timber beam below.

4. 500mm x 260mm Timber Split Glulam Beams.

These are secured to each side of a column this allows the column to be continuous and also to provide support to the CLT slabs that rest upon it.

5. 310mm x 310mm Timber Beam that span perpendicular to split beam.

6. Steel Cross Brace to reduce movement and provide strength.

7. 220mm (5 layer) CLT Floor Slab secured to Glulam beams via hercow screw and bracket.

Using thick CLT slabs eliminated the need for additional joists thus reducing construction time.

8. CLT Stairs and Lift Shaft, also provides extra support to structure.

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BA Year 2 Semester 2: Experimental Project Tree Housing

Located in the history district of the RopeWalks in Liverpool, United Kingdom. The overarching concept was to create a set of residential spaces using primarily the natural resource of timber. Whilst achieving this Timber structure we had to highlight an issue that could be incorporate into the design. The issue I looked at was the climate emergency and ways in which ‘hard to recycle’ objects can be reused in buildings. I then decided to connect usually two unconnected subjects and linked it up with the history of the area.

Creating a design that addresses both.

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To get a clear picture of the conditions of the site, an analysis of it was conducted. There was various conditions examined.

Solar path and sun incline to determine where light will be more dominate during the day.

Analysing of producing nolli graphics with building uses was conducted at three different historic periods to see how the site has changed, this one was key due to one of the key themes being historical.

Summer Solstice 57°

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Sunrise 04:42 Sunset 21:44

Winter Solstice 13° Sunrise 08:24 Sunset 15:54

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N Prevailing Wind West

Sound Pollution Vehicle Traffic

Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2020 Ordnance Survey (100025252). FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY

Scale 1:4000

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Projection: British N ational Grid

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The form of the building was informed by the historic of its location. Two residential towers flow up into the sky curving at one side, this to resemble the curve of a sail. The positioning of the structure on site was developed from a collection of studies of the places the Port of Liverpool served during the 19th centry, these them formed angles in which developed the form.

The materials that were used in the building came from the study on materials that are hard to recycle. The facade of the warehouse is made up of recycled plastic bottled in the form of Polli Brick with the car park area reusing plastic tubs.

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Roof 1. 50mm x 250mm Aluminium Parapet

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anchored to secondary steel parapet

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channel 2. 120mm thick (5 layer) CLT upstand enclosed with aluminium capping with soffit clad joining below with ventilation

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gap 3. 150mm x 180mm stainless steel drain layered on a bed of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber beneath.

4. Trapezoidal style corrugated steel secured to a series of battens and counter battens.

5. 240mm polyisocyanurate rigid insulation enclosed in Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber sitting on aluminium foil for vapour control 6. 100mm thick CLT (5 layer) secured to Glulam structure via M8 hercow screw and bracket.

PolliBrick Facade 7. 75mm x 75mm HSS Steel column substructural sub framing fastened with 7

fastening joints to 560mm x 280 Glulam Column.

8. 80mm x 20mm steel batten secured to PolliBrick group via bracket and bolt.

9. Wire Mesh to reduce movement between PolliBricks.

10. 1624mm x 176mm PolliBrick group consisting of individual 308mm thick Polli Bricks stacked together and secured by its form. Polli Bricks are filled 3

with aerogel to improve insulation.

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11. PVC Sheet on exterior to further secure

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the PolliBrick.

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First Floor Flooring

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12. 150mm x 500mm x 350mm limestone floor tiling sitting on 35mm screed which

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encloses underfloor heating wires and

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temperature sensors.

13. 50mm polyisocyanurate rigid insulation in Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber sitting on aluminium foil for vapour control 14. 220mm CLT floor slab secured by 5 layer) secured to Glulam structure via M10 hercow screw and bracket.

Ground Level Facade 15. Aluminium Soffit with ventilation gap.

16. Anodised Aluminum cladding panels secured to prefabricated timber cassettes by series of timber battens and counter battens.

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17. 200mm polyisocyanurate rigid

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insulation fitted in-between a series of

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structional Timber noggins surrounded by on the exterior a profited Breather membrane and on the interior a Vapour

+3000mm

Control layer.

18. Enclosed the 15mm oriented strand board (OSB) secured to the glulam

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structure with a series of brackets Finished with 12.5mm plasterboard.

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Foundation 19. Ø350 short-bored pile placed below 40mm of lean mix concrete binding.

20. Steel-reinforced concrete foundation

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(Pile Cap) which supports the concrete

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raft foundation at its max 550mm in

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depth and 250mm at its min layered with 100mm of sand and hardcore 10

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beneath.

21. 300mm polyisocyanurate rigid insulation sitting on a damp proof membrane which feeds via a damp proof course into the outside drainage.

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22. 50mm x 500mm x 350mm limestone floor tilting sitting on 100mm of screed

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with underfloor heating wires and temperature sensors 23. Land drain pipe surrounded by hardcore.

24. Additional 50mm insulation below a +0mm

pressured treated cap strip for sound insulation.

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1:20 Facade Slice

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1:20 Facade Construction Detail

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BA Year 2 Semester 1: Urban Design Project

Located in the fabric district, rich for its links to the textiles industry, in Liverpool. This project was to reenergise the somewhat run down area through Urban Design.

My concept was all about reinstating a permanent transport link to the area that would in-turn drive investment into the area.

The permanent transport link was in the form of a subway station using the abandoned Victoria Tunnel as the link to the existing MerseyRail Network.

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Spanning over two projects, in the first project as an architectural team of three, we came up with a larger urban design, redeveloping a majority of the district aimed around reorganising the site resulting in better connectivity.

Then in the next project individual I developed the subway station, the central point of the site.

Formed with two wing structures to aim sunlight into the descending walkway into the subway station.

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As part of the project a technical study was conducted to test the feasibility of the design. A central design feature was the side wings that direct sunlight into the subway station entrance.

Therefore a sunlight study was paramount and after conducting the study the design worked and sunlight entered the correct places.

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BA Year 1 Semester 2: A Place for Crafting

Reviving the traditions of crafting, this structure stands to house the craft of boat making. Located on the historic docks of Liverpool, the structure houses a warehouse in which RIB vessels are created. The structure has a facade of recycled plastic that is engraved with images of sailing vessels.

The top quarters of the building house residential areas for the craftsperson keeping in tradition with the craftsperson living in close proximity to the crafts working area.

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The crafting process takes place at the centre of the structure spanning two floors. To each side of the warehouse in-between the double facades are walkways in which the public can come and look into the crafting areas. The crafting area includes a dry dock allowing for each access vessel water launch into the docks for sea trials. Above is the residential areas which includes two double bedrooms. The public areas consist of three sail form pods in which includes offices, meeting rooms and learning rooms. The double skin facade allows reduces solar gain which is prominent due to the structure open location with few surrounding buildings.

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BA Year 1 Semester 1: Archifilm

The Archifilm project is conducted to develop the skills of presentation. The project was to film a chosen design and to present it in a cinematographic way. Creating a design that would focus on war, I created a museum to commentate the Dunkirk Evacuation, creating a space that signifies the three elements of the Evacuation, Land, Sea and Air.

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