assignment. two. by ARIANNA GARAY XIAOYU ZHANG YINGNA SUN
/PLAN10002/ /ABPL20049: INTRODUCTION TO URBAN DESIGN AND PLANNING/
Semester 2, 2017
Site Report
Team Members Arianna Garay 758843 garaya@student,unimelb.edu.au Bachelor of Environments Architecure and Urban Planning & Design Major
Xiaoyu (Adam) Zhang 816709 cristoforozxy@gmail.com Bachelor of Design Construction Major
Yingna (Celina) Sun 900813 yingnas@student.unimelb.edu.au Bachelor of Design Architecture Major
COURSE COORDINATOR: Professor Sun Sheng Han
SENIOR TUTOR: Madhu Lakshmanan TUTOR: Fujie Rao
THIS SUBJECT WAS CREATED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE UNDER THE BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTS AND BACHELOR OF DESIGN COURSE, CURRENTLY AFFILIATED WITH THE MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF DESIGN AND THE ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, AND PLANNING FACULTY. Any photographs, maps and edIted pictures that appear within this submission belongs to the students, unless listed otherwise. Students have used the following programs; ARCGIS, QGIS, Adobe Creative CLoud (Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign). Data, statistics and Report has been compiled and written using Microsoft Word, Excel and InDesign. All items taken from the internet or within university sources are citated and sources can be found referenced within the page or in the bibliography at the end of the journal.
table of contents INTRODUCTION 4 SITE CONTEXT 6
A.1
GREATER MELBOURNE MAP
8
A.2
SITE MAP - STUDY AREA
10
A.3 LAND USE MAP 12
MAP DATA: RESEARCH THEMES
14
B.1 DATA INTRODUCTION 15
B.2 RESIDENTIAL 16
B.3 TRANSPORTATION 24
B.4
RESTAURANTS & CATERING
32
KEY ISSUES 38
C.1 IDENTIFIED ISSUES 40
C.2
REGARDING SUSTAINABILITY
42
C.3 REGARDING LIVEABILITY 42 C.4 POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS 43
CONCLUSION 44 BIBLIOGRAPHY 45
3
Note to the reader: All pages on this report is considered to be joint A4 pages, so therefore an A3 page. But importing this out of indesign means that it will be in split A4 pages. This is due to the fact that the report can only be between 15-20 pages long, , so this report is only technically 20 pages long, discluding the title and content pages and the citations list.
introduction.
R eport O verview
This report incorporates data from multiple sources within the Uni-
versity of Melbourne and from external sources, analysing a study area chosen by the group members.
The focus and purpose of this report is to understand the possi-
bilities and limitations within the chosen study area, as well as analyse exisiting reasons that may be factoring into these themes. The report will also analyse the area according to what is currently present on the site through the following subjects: transportation, housing and residential properties, as well as restaurants and catering.
At the end of this report, key issues will be identified according to
the result of the data. These key issues will be identified and analysed in accordance to sustainability and liveability.
Recommendations Better Viewing:
This report can be viewed better by either doing one of the following methods: Method One: Please turn on Two-Page View by going to the View bar in Adobe Acrobat. Slide to Page Display and Select Two-Page View to see our maps in full scale.
Method Two: Alternatively, please follow the link below to view our report in Issuu, a online book reading website. https://issuu.com/ariannagaray/docs/ report
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5
site. context. 6
W ithin
the
S ite
rmit university & residential precinct
The site chosen for
The site we chose for
main roads; Victoria Street
this project is what our
this project incorporates
to the north, Russell Street
group defines as the RMIT
a varied range of land-use
to the east, La Trobe Street
University and Residential
properties, as well as mixed
to the south and Elizabeth
precinct. This is due to the
developments. In terms of
Street to the west.
fact that RMIT University
demographics, there is a spe-
currently engulfs approxi-
cific demographic age that
marks identified within our
mately 7.5 hectares of the
stands out from the current
Greater Melbourne Map
area’s total region of 16.5
residents list; those within
(Figure 5), the study area is
hectares. (Google Earth Pro,
the age of early 20’s to late
a 20 min walk from Feder-
2017). The rest of the area,
30’s, with the area contain-
ation Square (Figure 4) and
which will be explained in
ing a median age of 26 years
The University of Melbourne
more detail later on, is com-
old. (ABS Quickstats, 2011).
(Figure 2), as well as a 5 min
prised of mostly residential
walk away from Melbourne
buildings, with other func-
currently defined within the
tions located within.
boundaries of the following
The study area is
In terms of the land-
Central (Figure 3).
FIGURE 1. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OF THE STUDY AREA. (LEFT)
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7
C ontext A.1 greater melbourne map
LANDMARKS
1
FIGURE 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE
2
FIGURE 3 MELBOURNE CENTRAL - COOP SHOT TOWER
3
FIGURE 4 FEDERATION SQUARE
8
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1
2
3
FIGURE 5 GREATER MELBOURNE MAP ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
9
C ontext A.2
site map: study area FIGURE 6 STUDY AREA MAP
10
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FIGURE 7 STUDY AREA MAP - ENHANCED
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11
FIGURE 8 LAND USE MAP
12
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site map: study area
Land-use Legend
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13
map data. research themes.
A nalysing
the
R egion
Analysing a site always requires information that have been col-
lected over time, as well as current information that can only be obtained through exploring the site concurrently.
As explained in the introduction, the study area identified by our
group will be looking into the following themes:
To analyse the area, the team has used a combination between
researching through desktop sites of official Melbourne statistics and data bureaus, as well as through the use of programs such as QGIS and ArcGIS. We have also conducted our own site visits at the time in order to fully understand the situation and spatial attributes and factors currently present within the site.
The following site analysis will then be used to identify key is-
sues within the site through the data collected and these results will be linked to the importance of this issues in becoming a catalyst for the formation of the region’s future sustainability and liveability processes.
FIGURE 9 BUSY INTERSECTION AT SWANSTON STREET (PHOTO BY STUDENTS)
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15
M ap D ata B.2 residential research Legend
The following pages will explore
the residential and housing data that we
Study Area
obtained within our region.
In our chosen area, various kinds
of building typologies have been and are being equally distributed within the area, and these have been highlighted in Figure 8, the Land Use map. These housing typologies contain divergent functions, such as residential use, educational use, restaurants and retail.
Along Elizabeth Street and Franklin
Street, there are more high-rise residential buildings. Accompanied with high densities of residents within the region, many residences also provide basic services and facilities. Buildings along Swanston Street are used for educational purposes as well, due to the university. The block on the east side of Swanston street is the RMIT University campus.
FIGURE 10 BUILDING FOOTPRINTS AND STUDY AREA
400m
16
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
N
The land used by RMIT campus is
close to nearly 50 percent of the chosen site. (Refer to Figure 11 and Figure 8).
Our chosen study area is within close proximity to the city centre and two universities; The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and the University of Melbourne Campuses. These campuses are recognized to be the main campuses of these universities and thus, high-rise residential buildings (Figure 12 and Figure 8) were
Legend RMIT Campus Buildings
100m
N
100m
N
FIGURE 11 LOCATION AND IDENTIFYING RMIT BUILDING CAMPUSES. INFO OBTAINED THROUGH VISITING THE SITE.
identified during the site visit due as a high-density of university students attend these two campuses. These high rises are located around Elizabeth Street and Franklin Street in order to satisfy the high demand and need for apartments and student accommodation in the city.
Currently, there are
six high-raised apartments along Elizabeth street and one is still in construction. For example, Victoria One and Light House are two
Legend Residential buildings
new apartments which just
FIGURE 12
finished construction.
ZOOMED IN VERSION OF THE LOCATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
17
M ap D ata B.2 ( continued ) residential research
Victoria One is a 75-
floor building which provide 629 apartments. Currently, all the apartments in Victoria One have been sold. (Victoria One, 2017). Light House is a 69-floor building and provides 607 apartments. Nearly 85 percent of apartments has been sold. (Figure 12). (Hengyi, 2017)
Along Franklin Street,
there are also four residential buildings. Different to the apartment buildings associated
FIGURE 13 HOTEL AND APARTMENT COMPLEXES
with Elizabeth street, some of them are also used as hotels, such as Ibis Melbourne hotel and Milano. (Figure 13.)
As noted above, Franklin
Street’s built form is characterized by high-rise towers containing permanent and temporary residential accommodation in the form of apartments, hotels and serviced apartments. (DPCD Planning Report,2011). 18
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
FIGURE 14 HOTEL AND APARTMENT COMPLEXES PART 2.
In this region, apartments were sold and rented out very quickly. Although these
high-rise residential buildings provide a lot of apartments, it still cannot totally satisfy the huge demand of housing.
Along the Swanston Street corridor, buildings are used more for the purpose of the
educational function. Especially the block which on the east side of Swanston Street, which is approximately around 45,000-meter square. Compared with the apartment buildings along Elizabeth Street, these educational buildings have a lower floor level. For example, the RMIT Swanston Academic Building at the corner of Franklin Street and Swanston Street is 11 stories high (including its basement) and has the height of 52 meters. (Frearson, 2012) (Refer to Figure 11).
In order to satisfy the basic necessities of residents who live in within this area, many
restaurants and retails were operated at the ground floor of these residential buildings. (Refer to Figures 15 and 16 in the next page.) There are two restaurants on Franklin Street and five on Elizabeth Street. There were also several medium markets within this area, such as Audi, Woolworths Metro and Hometown Asian Supermarket. An Aldi supermarket can also be located along Franklin Street. There are also some shops which aims to provide some necessary services and facilities here. For example, there are post shops, a car rental company and banks (Figure 15 & 16) The services made available within this region are not only for the benefits of the current residents living within proximity to the area. There are also many shops which operate in order to satisfied student’s needs. There are several artists supply stores like Eckersley’s and the Arts Supplies Super Store and a bike share station which can be located within the RMIT campus.
Within the chosen area, there are also two open areas and several historical build-
ings, like the Melbourne City Baths and the Old Melbourne Goal. There are also several basketball courts that can be spotted within the area, which are often used by the residents and RMIT University students alike. (Refer to Figure 17, 18 and 19).
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19
M ap D ata B.2 ( continued ) residential research
FIGURE 15 MAPS FOR FIRST FLOOR RESTAURANTS
20
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FIGURE 16 MAP FOR RETAIL PLACES
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FIGURE 17 MAPS FOR FIRST FLOOR RESTAURANTS
22
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M ap D ata B.2 ( continued ) residential research
FIGURE 18 BASKETBALL COURT ONE
FIGURE 19 BASKETBALL COURT TWO
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23
M ap D ata B.3
transportation research
24
FIGURE 20
FIGURE 21
BIKE LANES
BUS ROUTES
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FIGURE 22 TRAM ROUTES
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25
M ap D ata B.3 ( continu
transportation research
FIGURE 23 CAR LANES
26
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
ued )
h
FIGURE 24 WALKING LANES
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27
M ap D ata B.3 ( continued )
transportation research Current Situation
The chosen study area has multiple transportation modes. It has main roads for cars, tram routes, bicycle lanes and pedestrian paths. (Figures 20-24)
The area is surrounded by Elizabeth Street, La Trobe
Street, Russell Street and Victoria Street. These four roads are all main roads, which means private cars can run on all these roads (Google Earth, 2017). However, not all roads in this area are accessible to private vehicles. Swanston Street, which runs through the study area in the middle, is quite dif-
FIGURE 25 ENTRANCE TO A’BECKETT STREET CLOSED.
ferent from the outer main roads because not all sections of Swanston Street are open to cars. The outer main roads, like Elizabeth Street, are called shared routes because both cars and trams can drive on the routes. Though cars can drive on the section between Victoria Street and Franklin Street, the section between Franklin Street and La Trobe Street is only reserved for pedestrians, cyclists and trams.
FIGURE 26 FRANKLIN STREET CLOSURE.
Bowen Street and Rodda Ln are not accessible to the
public either, because only the staff of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology can drive through these two roads to enter the university. Furthermore, the top end of Franklin Street and A’Beckett Street are completely closed for the construction of the Metro Tunnel project (Dow, 2017). (Refer to Figure 23). 28
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
FIGURE 27 ENCLOSED PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS DUE TO THE CONSTRUCTION SITES OCCURING NEXT TO IT.
The main public transportation system
in this area is tram. There are 6 tram stops in total (“Melbourne Tram Network,” 2017). The stop which is close to the intersection of Elizabeth Street and Victoria Street is called Queen Victoria Market Stop. This stop provides service for tram 19, 57, and 59. The intersection of Russell Street and La Trobe Street has another tram stop called La Trobe Street, which provide service for tram 30 and 35. The intersection of Elizabeth Street and La Trobe Street functions as a transportation junction for trams that come from Elizabeth Street and La Trobe Street. The tram routes that lies on Elizabeth Street and La Trobe Street within the study area provide
FIGURE 28
free tram service (“Melbourne’s Free Tram
BICYCLE DEDICATED LANES LOCATED WITHIN THE AREA.
Network,” 2017). There are two more stops on the Swanston Street area and provides service for 8 trams, including tram 1, 3/3a, 5, 6, 16, 64, 67, 72 (“Melbourne Tram Network,” 2017). However, the tram route which runs through these two stops do not provide free tram service (“Melbourne’s Free Tram Network,” 2017). (Refer to Figure 22). FIGURE 29
MOST AREAS ARE CURRENTLY ACCESSIBLE ONLY BY WALKING. FIGURE 30 METRO RAIL TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION WORKS HAPPENING ON FRANKLIN STREET.
Most of the roads within this study
area are suitable for cycling and walking except for the closure of the top end of Franklin Street and A’Beckett Street. (Refer to Figure 20 for bicycles and Figure 24 for walking. ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
29
Users and analysis
The tram is a quite significant transportation mode in this study area. It is not only
because trams connect the study area to important facilities nearby, such as shopping centres and universities, but also carry more passengers than any other transportation modes within the same shared route during peak hours. In the inner areas of Melbourne, which includes the study area, over 600,000 people choose to travel with a tram every day. During rush hours, trams can carry about 100,00 passengers per hour through the same lane that otherwise only 800 cars can go through (“Transport Strategy 2012,” 2012). The intensity of using trams on Swanston Street is relatively high for the reason that the only motor transportation on that street is tram. People can only walk or ride bikes, otherwise they have to take trams. Another possible reason as to why the intensity of using trams is high within the study area is that people do not have to buy tram tickets since two main roads of this study area are within the free tram zone. These roads are parts of Swanston Street and La Trobe Street.
Walking is also quite popular in this area. According to Figure 24, about 20,000 peo-
ple walk through Elizabeth Street, La Trobe Street, Russel Street and Victoria Street every day. Over 250,000 choose to walk along Swanston Street to go through this study area (“Walking Plan 2014-2017,” 2017). The number of people who choose to walk is quite high because the distances between facilities within the study area are walkable. Furthermore, Swanston Street is more safer to pedestrians compared to other main roads of this study area since only trams can drive on Swanston Street. Capabilities of the Study Area.
The current transportation network within the study area still needs to be improved
because it is not efficient during peak hours. Though there were a large number of trams running on the network, trams delayed quite often during peak hours. This research result was observe during our site visits, as well as through governmental transport research, like the results in Table 1 on the next page. 30
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
FIGURE 31
Table 1: Percentage of services on-time (Metropolitan tram average punctuality over trip by line) sourced from PTV. (2017).
According to Table 1 (Figure 31), the percentages of services on-time of these 11
trams that ran through the study area over the last 12 months are around or below 85%. The delay was caused by traffic congestion and inefficient tram stops instead of the numbers pf trams (“Transport Strategy 2012,” 2012).
The congestion of trams was frequently caused by cars on Elizabeth Street, La Trobe
Street and Russell Street because all these three roads are shared by trams and cars. Trams were stalled and stopped by the cars that were trying to cross the railways. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the current transportation systems or introduce a new public transportation mode to this city to cut down the numble of private cars on the road.
As the Transport Strategy 2012 (2012) reported, Melbourne’s trams spend almost
20% of their journey in waiting for traffic signals. Yarra Trams (“Transport Strategy 2012,” 2012) analyzed the tram delay and came to the conclusion that tram delay could be reduced by 33% if trams are given priority at traffic signals. If trams do not have to share routes with too many private vehicles, the traffic congestions caused by cars on shared routes will decrease. ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
31
M ap D ata B.4
FIGURE 32 ESTABLISHMENTS ON GROUND LEVEL.
32
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
restauran
nts & catering research
FIGURE 33 ESTABLISHMENTS ON OTHER LEVELS BESIDES GROUND.
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33
History and Context
The theme being explored in this section of the report relates to restaurants and
catering, specifically to how and where local residents and visitors to the site can access food services and food catering.
Melbourne is currently known to be the most liveable city in the world (Chalk-
ley-Rhoden, 2017) and with this comes the reputation of being one of the top places in the world to come and visit in terms of food. (Escape, 2014). Due to Melbourne’s rich history of international migrants, coming from many different countries, the level of food consumption experience and diversity makes Melbourne City an interesting place to wine and dine to experience multiple cultures. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne has a current population of approximately 4 million people, and approximately 45.9% of the population have both their parents born overseas. (ABS, 2011). This means that around half of the population have grown up within a culturally different environment and will most likely share their experiences with the people they may meet while living here.
Global events like World War II and the Vietnam war have also heavily influenced
the stream cultural migration to Melbourne. People that were affected by these wars moved here for peace away from their previous lives and in hope of a better life. With these movements, a diverse range of cultural food production and application was introduced to Melbourne, thus making it the city that it now is. Current Observations
The site that we have chosen have proven to be difficult upon observation. Current
construction work regarding the Metro Railway Tunnel has made site observation difficult as the area has proven to become dynamic in its nature during the 3 weeks we were given to create this report. Certain areas were being shut at different times, while other areas were going to be shut permanently due to the fact that the building it is located at and the surrounding area needs to be closed down due the railway construction. This includes places like Hungry Jacks and 7-11 along Swanston Street, which are two food services that have often been known for staying open 24-7. (Refer to Figure 33-34). 34
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
FIGURE 34 HUNGRY JACKS SWANSTON STREET NOTICE FOR CLOSURE.
Current Observations (continued)
The lack and closure of food services within this area
that is similar to these restaurants will make it difficult for students to obtain fast, easy and cheap meals during the day.
Through current site observations that can be extrap-
olated from the data in the two restaurant and catering maps (Figures 32 & 33), we can observe current locations of areas with food services whgich can be accessed by these university students, as well as by the general local residents within the existing residentail buildings. Along with these demographics, we can also expect tourist to come to FIGURE 35 7-11 SWANSTON STREET NOTICE FOR CLOSURE.
these areas as hotels were identified in the B.2 research. ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
35
Current Observations (continued)
Another interesting aspect of this site is that albeit the fact that many of the
modes of restaurants and catering services here can be seen and accessed on the ground level (By ground level, our group defines this as the space that is in line with the existing city footpath located outside the service.), there are still many more food outlets that can be located on the second level, or within the basement if the building currently contains one. This seems to be a recurring trend, as more buildings are being renovated in this area and are advertising rental space for food or other retail services. (See examples within the Victoria One Tower and the Light House Tower) (Hengyi, 2017) (Victoria One, 2017).
It can be observed in the maps for restaurant and catering (Figure 32 & 33) that there
are many restaurants located on other levels just as much as those within the ground level. The difference between each map is only about a third of the other. But what our group would like to re-iterate and to take away from the results of the two maps would be the lack of food services within the vicinity of RMIT University. It seems that the university, albeit the fact that they are close to central hubs of retail and food services like Melbourne Central and Queen Victoria (QV) shopping centre, does not really have many places at which students can access food within campus. This may be seen as an inconvenience by the students, or it may be something that they do not mind at all due to their close proximity to other food hubs. The only way to find out about those results would be through questioning the students themselves, but this would require time. Time seems to be a limitation upon creation of this assessment and our group has always acknowledged this. Future Construction
As our site data continues to grow and change, it would be very interesting to over-
see over a period of time the dynamic changes that continue to occur. Factors that affect these are not only due to the construction works of future buildings and the Metro Railway Tunnel, but also due to the shops market value, as well as the dwindling and increasing values of the supplies they need. Restaurants and catering have always been a tumultuous business and requires careful planning, but also great insight into the future, which is why observations through site visits would be the most effective way to foresee the coming changes to the region. 36
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
FIGURE 36 SHOPFRONTS LIKE THE ONE TO THE LEFT OF THIS IMAGE, HAVE NEEDED TO CLOSE DOWN DUE TO CONSTRUCTION WORKS. ONE OF THOSE SOPS WOULD BE 7-11 AS SEEN IN FIGURE 35. ANOTHER ONE THAT MIGHT CLOSE IN THE NEAR FUTURE WOUL D BE THE KFC THAT CAN BE SEEN TO THE RIGHT SIDE OF THIS IMAGE.
FIGURE 37 AN EXTENDED EXAMPLE OF THE PICTURE ABOVE WHERE MORE SHOPFRONTS ARE CLOSED TO MAKE WAY FOR CONSTRUCTION SITES AND VEHICLES.
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37
P roblems W ithin the S ite
As per the requirement of the assessment report, we were tasked
to identify the key issues that may arise within our chosen study area. There were many issues that our group has identified and to name and analyse them all woud require a separate report.
The issues that our group has carefully identified upon site obser-
vation have related to issues that can be categorized as a temporary issues or issues with a temporal aspect to them. As we have described before during parts of our site analysis, the study area that we have chosen has become particularly dynamic due to the multiple construction works located around the surrounding area. Due to the extended amount of issues identified, our group has decided to focus only on a few in order to cover the topics extensively.
key issues.
FIGURE 38 CONSTRUCTIONS OBSERVED WITHIN THE AREA.
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39
K ey I ssues C.1
identified issues
Food Services Issues
Residential Issues
Due to the dynamic nature of our
The chosen area is a region that is
study area, the main issue that can be
accompanied with a dense residential popu-
identified in terms of food would be the
lation and busy crowd flow. The basic facil-
fact that a lot of ground level shops are
ities like shops, markets and restaurants are
being closed by the government in order
equally distributed in this area. There are two
to make way for construction sites for the
small basketball squares. These two basket-
future Metro Railway Tunnel as well as for
ball squares are not only shared by people
the future residential housing apartments/
who lived by, but also by many students
high-rises that need to be built in order
from RMIT.
to tackle the growing population in Melbourne.
courts, especially in the afternoon. However,
According to Plan Melbourne 2050
Thus, it is very crowded at these two
there is no relatively large open green space
(DELWP, 2017), our Melbourne’s population
in this region. At present, the high density
is expected to double within the next 30
of tall buildings and several buildings which
years, thus making it difficult for the fu-
are still in construction makes this region an
ture population to find jobs and homes.
area with a lot of dust and noise pollution.
If the former construction projects men-
A large greenspace can help to block dust in
tioned are completed, this will, in turn,
the air. In addition, it also provides an open
alleviates this problems from becoming a
space for residents around to do exercise,
serious one.
and encourage people to have a healthier life style.
In order to address the provision of
future food services, these new buildings
should contain a mix function, in which
this area is due to the fact that new residen-
food services should be present.
tial housing must be provided for the future.
40
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
Another cause for construction within
Transportation Issues
Part of the reason the Metro Railway Tunnnel is being built is due to the lack of
transport to Melbourne’s growing population. To open up the bottleneck of peak traffic and transportation issues, the tunnel is the solution that the State Governement of Victoria has planned to assign to the city in order to address this.
The construction works that are happening to this area is primarily for the creation
of this new tunnel network, and as mentioned before, our group sees this as a temporal problem that will be alleviated as soon as the construction finishes.
The future transportation requirement of this area is to relieve pressure of trams and
increase passenger load. However, it is difficult to construct new transportation lanes or change the current transportation network too much within the study area because the area is located at central district and filled with skyscrapers. As Levy (2016) argued, the demand for transportation arises from current land use in the short term.
However, the provision of transportation will finally change the land values and
influence the patterns of land use (Levy, 2016). The study area has a huge daily passenger volume because of convenient transportation. Completed closure of roads for construction of new traffic lanes or remolding transportation network in the study area which already has tram delays and crowded intersections will cause heavy traffic congestion.
The values of properties that close to the main roads also increased because the
transportation systems increase the intensity of usage of this study area. It would be too expensive to demolish skyscrapers to move space for new transportation lanes.
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41
K ey I ssues C.2 & C.3
regarding sustainability & liveability Transportation is not just a physical pattern of the city, it also helps to shape the city. It is the transportation that makes the city liveable and sustainable and liveable. The sustainability of a city means the developments of economy, society and environment can meet the future demand of the city (Low and Gleeson, 2003). Transportation helps the economy of the city keep developing. The investment in the transportation of a city can promote the developments of business, because it could bring more business opportunities to cities. It will also cut down the cost of transporting resources and products to factories or markets. Transportation also has a social scale effect on the society. Transportation can change land use patterns, land values and how the society distribute resources, even distribution of opportunities, because all citizens are involved in the transportation. Furthermore, the transportation helps to reduce environmental pollutions to make the city more sustainable. The improvement of the transport network can reduce traffic congestion or avoid unnecessary travel between the same origin and destination. The development of public transportation could also cut down the reliance on private vehicles. Improving inefficient transport network and developing public transportation is a practical solution to decrease transportation pollutants (Low and Gleeson, 2003). The liveable city is defined by Oxford Dictionary (Oxford, 2017)) as a city whose environment is fit for people to live in. Not only does it helpto reduce environmental pollutions to make the city more liveable but also makes the city convenient for citizens to travel among different districts. According to Vuchic (2005), the transportation connects all different parts in the city and create a network to functions like the “lifeblood of cities�. The transportation in the study area connects the area to outer districts and also makes it easy to travel with public transportation. The roads and streets in the study area also coordinate to form a network that makes the area walkable. 42
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
K ey I ssues C.4
possible improvements
The ideal method is to build metro tunnel underground. The construction of new
tunnel underground can minimize disturbance to current transportation system on the ground because most of its construction would be completed underground.
The metro tunnel project is now under construction and estimated to finished by
2026 (Lillebuen, 2017). It was designed to go through the study area and will set a station called CBD North Station which would give access to RMIT University. The tunnel was designed to serve over 39000 passengers during each peak period, which will reduce the pressure for other transportation systems, such as trams and trains. The station will be constructed on the top end of Franklin Street which would not occupy any private properties. Not occupying private properties could avoid intensive protests from emotional citizens’ and owners of properties (Levy, 2016).
It could also help to cut down the number of cars on road because the new tunnel
connects more significant destinations which make it easier to travel with public transportation instead of private vehicles. The decreasing number of cars on the road will also benefit the pedestrians and cyclists. Less cars on the road can spare more space for the bicycle lanes create safer road conditions for both pedestrians and cyclists because they sometimes have to share the roads with cars which could be dangerous.
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43
P aving O ur W ay T o P lan M elbourne 2050
To conclude this report, our group agrees with the overall values
that are named in Plan Melbourne 2050. As we have identified that fact that most of the issues in our presented site are those with a temporal factor, we believe that most of the issues will, in time, solve itself and the social issues regarding each issue will hopefully be addressed during the process.
We have also identified that transport seems to be the main key
issue within the area, with residential housing coming as a close second. Issues such as these are hopefully what we look towards tackling within future projects and we wish to address towards assignment three.
To obtain a strong city that will be liveable and sustainable for the
near future, we should work out solutions towards our identified problems in oder to keep Melbourne the most liveable city in the world.
conclusion.
index 1. bibliography. 45
F igures 1. Image Exported From Google Earth Pro.
Adobe Photoshop.
2. MSD John Gollings. The Melbourne School of Design by John Wardle Architects and NADAAA [Online image]. Retrieved August 30, 2017 from https://architectureau.com/ articles/melbourne-school-of-designunveiled/#img=0
11. RMIT Buildings Map. Map details and information was exported from QGIS and enhanced in Adobe Photoshop
3. Jason Edwards. [Untitled illustration of the Coop’s Shot Tower]. [Online image]. Retrieved August 30, 2017 from http://www.heraldsun.com. a u/news/victor ia/u n d er-the-g lasscone-the-story-behind-melbournecentrals-historic-shot-tower/news-st or y/84fcb0a1bd7b935027551e81c2 3d5136 4. Donaldytong. (2013). Federation Square, Melbourne [Online image]. Retrieved August 30, 2017 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Melbourne_ Federation_Square. jpg
12. Apartment Buildings Map. Map details and information was exported from QGIS and enhanced in Adobe Photoshop 13. Zoomed In version of Figure 8. Map details and information was exported from QGIS and enhanced in Adobe Photoshop 14. Zoomed in version of Figure 8. Map details and information was exported from QGIS and enhanced in Adobe Photoshop 15. Floor Level Restaurants. Data acquired through site visitation and are created in Photoshop.
5. Greater Melbourne Map. Exported from QGIS and enhanced in Adobe Illustrator.
16. Retail Locations. Data acquired through site visitation and are created in Photoshop.
6. Study Area Map. Exported from QGIS and enhanced in Adobe Illustrator.
17. Open Space Locations. Data acquired through site visitation and are created in Photoshop.
7. Study Area Map - Enhanced. Exported from QGIS and enhanced in Adobe Illustrator.
18 & 19. Basketball court photographs and locations. Photographs were taken by Arianna Garay.
8. Land Use Map. Map details and information was exported from QGIS and enhanced in Adobe Photoshop
20-24. Transportation maps. All data for these maps were gained through site observation and through the PTV website. Mapping information were exported out of GIS Files and were enhanced in Adobe Illustrator.
9. Busy Intersection between Franklin Street and Swanston Street. Photograph taken by Arianna Garay. 10. Study Area w/ building footprints. Exported from GIS and enhanced in 46
ASSIGNMENT TWO REPORT
25. Construction Photo. Photograph taken by Xiaoyue Zhang.
26. Franklin Street Closure. Photograph by Arianna Garay. 27. Enclosed pedestrian walkways. Photograph taken by Xiaoyue Zhang. 28. Dedicated Bike Lanes. Photograph taken by Xiaoyue Zhang. 29. Blocked off road access. Photograph by Arianna Garay. 30. Metro Rail Network Construction Site. Photograph by Arianna Garay. 31. Tram Delays Research Table. From PTV Victoria. 32 & 33. Restaurant Locations around the RMIT University and Residential Precinct. Mapping information was exported from ArcGIS and enhanced in Illustrator. Restaurant data was collected through extensive site observation and walkthrough. 34 & 35. Notice for closures. Photographs were taken by Arianna Garay. 36 & 37. Shopfront closures. Photographs were taken by Arianna Garay. 38. Existing Construction Sites. Data was collected from site observations. Mapping information was exported from ArcGIS and enhanced in Illustrator.
C itations ABS Quickstats. (2011). 2011 Census Quickstats, Australian Bureau of Statictics. Retrieved from http://www. censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/ g etprod u ct/ce nsus/2011/q u i ckstat/ POA3000?opendocument&navpos=22 Chalkley-Rhoden, S. (2017, August 16). Melbourne crowned world’s most liveable city for record seventh time. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-0816/m e lbo ur n e-n a m ed-wor ld s-m ostliveable-city-for-seventh-year/8812196 Department of Land, Water and Planning. (2017) Plan Melbourne: 20172050. Melbourne, Vic: The State Government of Victoria. Retrieved from planmelbourne.vic: http://www. p l a n m e l b o u r n e .v i c . g ov. a u /_ _d a t a / assets/pdf_file/0007/377206/Plan _ Melbourne_2017-2050_Strategy_.pdf Donaldytong. (2013). Federation Square, Melbourne [Online image]. Retrieved August 30, 2017 from https://commons. wi ki m ed ia .org/wi ki/Fi le: M elbo ur n e _ Federation_Square.jpg Dow, A. (2016, December 31). Melbourne 2017: The city as a construction zone as major projects begin in earnest. The Age. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from http://www.theage.com.au/ victoria/melbourne-2017-the-city-as-aconstruction-zone-as-major-projectsbegin-in-earnest-20161227-gtig9s.html
Google Earth Pro. (2017) Program.
Google.
Google Earth. (2017, August 23). RMIT University, Melbourne City Campus. Retrieved August 23, 2017, from https:// www.google.com/earth. Hengyi Light House. (2017). Retrieved 1 September 2017, from http://www. hengyi.com.au/project/light-house/
Jason Edwards. [Untitled illustration of the Coop’s Shot Tower]. [Online image]. Retrieved August 30, 2017 from http:// www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/ under-the-glass-cone-the-story-behindm e l b o u r n e - c e n t r a l s- h i s t o r i c- s h ottower/news-story/84fcb0a1bd7b93502 7551e81c23d5136 Klass, P. (2011, July 11). Guarding privacy may not always protect patients. The New York Times, Retrieved from http:// www.nytimes.com. Levy, J. M. (2016). Contemporary urban planning (10th). New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. Lillebuen, S. (2017, July 16). Melbourne 2017: Metro Tunnel: Melbourne’s changing face revealed as consortium named for 11 billion project. The Age. Retrieved 23 August 2017, from http:// www.theage.com .a u/victor ia/metrot u n n e l- m e l b o u r n e s- c h a n g i n g -fa ce revealed-as-consortium-named-for-11billion-project-20170716-gxc4yi.html
DPCD Planning Report 450 Elizabeth street, Melbourne (2011, November). Retrieved from https://www.planning. v i c . g o v . a u /_ _d a t a / a s s e t s / p d f_ fi le/0019/7138/15-2011012691-450Elizabeth-Street,-Melbourne.pdf
Low, N. (2003). Is urban transport sustainable?. In Making urban transport sustainable (pp. 1-22). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Frearson, A. (2012). Dezen RMIT Swanston Academic Building by Lyons. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen. c o m / 2 0 1 2 / 1 1 /0 6 /r m i t- u n i v e r s i t y swanston-academic-building-by-lyons/
Melbourne among world’s best food cities. (2014, October 10). Escape. Retrieved September 01, 2017, from http://www.escape.com.au/ australia/victoria/melbourne-nameda m o n g-wor lds-to p-18-food ie-cities/ n ews-stor y/c95ea ef33fb92f40708d
50a465181a49?nk=b2567 0b995598251a6f2b387aead c2b31504239880 Melbourne Tram Network. (2017, August 02). Retrieved August 23, 2017, from htt ps://www. ptv.vi c. g ov. a u/g etti n garound/maps/ Melbourne Tram Network. (2017, August 02). Retrieved August 23, 2017, from htt ps://www. ptv.vi c. g ov. a u/g etti n garound/maps/ MSD John Gollings. The Melbourne School of Design by John Wardle Architects and NADAAA [Online image]. Retrieved August 30, 2017 from https://architectureau.com/ articles/melbourne-school-of-designunveiled/#img=0 Public Transport Victoria (2017). Public Transport Victoria Annual Report 2015–16. Annual Report. [online] Melbourne. Available at: https:// static.ptv.vic.gov.au/PTV/PTV%20docs/ AnnualReport/1477349157/PTV-AnnualReport-2016.pdf [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017]. Transport Strategy 2012. (2012). Retrieved August 28, 2017, from http:// www.melbourne.vic.gov.au Victoria One - 452 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne (Residential). (2017, June). Retrieved from https://urban. m e l b o u r n e/proj e ct s/c b d - ea st- e n d / v i c to r i a - o n e -452- e l i za b et h - s tr e etmelbourne Vuchic, V. R. (2007). Urban transit systems and technology. John Wiley & Sons. Walking Plan 2014-2017. (2017). Retrieved August 28, 2017, from http://www. melbourne.vic.gov.au
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