DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN AFRICA
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By: Moses Ekwere Nigeria "ACCELERATING THE RECOVERY FROM THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) AND THE FULL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT LEVELS"
Understanding Demographic Dividend Demographic dividend is the positive economic growth that can result from changes in a country’s age structure, particularly when there is a larger working-age population relative to dependents. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the world, with Africa being one of the most affected regions. However, as we navigate the road to recovery, it is crucial to recognize the potential of the demographic dividend as a catalyst for sustainable development. According to the United Nations, Africa has the largest youth population in the world, with over 60% of its population under the age of 25. This presents a unique opportunity for the continent to harness the potential of its young people and realize the demographic dividend. Phases of demographic transition and its relevance The three phases of demographic transition are the pre-transition phase, the transition phase, and the post-transition phase. During the pre-transition phase, both birth and death rates are high. During the transition phase, death rates decline due to improved health care, while birth rates remain high, leading to a youthful population. In the post-transition phase, both birth and death rates are low, leading to an aging population. West Africa is currently in the second phase of the demographic transition, which is characterized by a decline in mortality rates while fertility rates remain high. This interprets to a rapid population growth in the region. The transition from the second to the third stage of demographic transition in West Africa will require sustained investments in healthcare, education, and economic development to promote smaller family sizes and sustainable development.
