M.Arch (semester 1) Folio_2020

WOVEN HOUSE STUDIO 5

EARTH FOR THE EARTH! 2020-HS2-ARC70001/ARC70003/ARC80002Design Research Studio A, B, C (Semester 2), Swinburne University Led by Dr. Gergana Rusenova Unit Convenor - Dr Ian Woodcock

submitted by A S M Forhad Hossain Group _5.2 Master of Architecture Student Id_103141287

CONTENT PROJECT BRIEF

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01RESEARCH & INITIAL IDEAS

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02CONCEPT & DESIGN ITERATION

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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

SITE ANALYSIS MATERIALS &TECHNIQUES PRECEDENT STUDY CLIENT BRIEF MOOD BOARD

IDEA IDEA IDEA IDEA

ITERATION_01 ITERATION_02 ITERATION_03 ITERATION_04

03DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

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CONCEPT MAPPING MULTI-GENERATIONAL HABITANCY CONTEXTUAL MICRO-CLIMATE MATERIAL SYSTEM PHYSICAL PROTOTYPE FINAL CONCEPT

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04FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL

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REFERENCES

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PROJECT BRIEF

In recent times, the criteria for assessing architectural design have shifted from primarily structural, material and economical factors to include ecological and environmental aspects that underpin sustainable development. Central to this shift is the use of non-toxic, healthy building materials that are reused or recycled at the end of the building’s life span.

Earth is the building material being researched within this design studio. Earth has been used for construction for millennia due to its low-impact, worldwide availability, thermal performance,sculpturalpotential, non-flammability, and capacity to be reused or returned to the natural cycle without harming the environment. Moreover, earth can be shaped into building components using a variety of techniques: • ramming earth • stacking earth bricks • layering earthbags • building with sod • sculpting with cob • weaving with wattel daub etc.

This studio investigated the architectural potential of earth for the construction of contemporary housing units for three different scenarios depending on the location and inhabitants.

The studio offered the opportunity to explore contemporary design techniques (e.g. computational & parametric design) and the application of advanced manufacturing methods(e.g.

3D printing & robotic fabri-cation). No preliminary skills are required.

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RESEARCH & INITIAL IDEAS Our aim was to find an advanced, sustainable material system that provides a comfortable environment for its inhabitants.

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1.1 SITE ANALYSIS We selected a location in Elliott Heads, Bundaberg, off the east coast of Queensland, away from the city’s rush. The area is surrounded by agricultural fields with sugar crops and is well known for tourism. The beach is 60 metres to the east. The site is situated in a warm and humid subtropical area in Climate Zone-2. From the east and south, most of the wind movement is seen and this area is free from the effects of floods.

QLD CLIMATE ZONE

LOCATION PLAN Images prepared by Joan SOLAR PATH

Winter Solistice (09:00-16:00)

SUMMER

WINTER

Summer Solistice (09:00-16:00) Images prepared by Aishwarya Hippalgaonkar

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1.2 MATERIALS & TECHNIQUES SOIL_ FOUND AROUND SITE

Within a 5 km radius around the site, there are 6 types of soil that are preferred for mud construction. In this region, Wattle & Duad and Rammed Earth constructions are well known. In Wattle and daub construction, we can easily source materials such as black burnt timber, bamboo, cane, straw dusk, grass, weeds and bagasse locally.

TECHNIQUES_ WATTLE AND DAUB Chromosol

Vertosol

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Ferrosol

Dermosol

Kandosol

Tenosol

INDIGENOUS CULTURE Weaving is part of Indigenous culture, they have great abilities to make fish traps and baskets. It’s really exciting for us to understand how this weaving can produce an organic shape and hold the space at the same time.

Perhaps more fascinating was how weaving without any support would generate its own structural stability.

So we’re concentrating on weaving the shape of a form in order to create a habitat.

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1.3 PRECEDENT STUDY TRIKA VILLA NAMPHRAE, THAILAND We have studied trika villa namphare in Thailand, an example of mud house in sub tropical climate. We can see here how open space provided between the wall and roof can give a stack ventilation system.

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THE MUNITA GONZÁLEZ HOUSE located in a suburb area, twenty minutes from the center of Santiago, in Batuco, Lampa. It’s a single-family house of approximately 275 m2 situated in a flat plot of 5000 m2.

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1.4 CLIENT BRIEF

Name Mr & Mrs Holden Mcgroin Age Holden Mcgroin 60 Pat Mcgroin 55 Occupation Former landscapers, now retired couple.

Block Lot 15 Sea Esplanade, Elliotts Heads, Qld. Family 1 child married. 2 grandchildren

As landscapers we both worked and lived our live in different places and experienced various domestic environment. We both have decided to retire from our work and settle in one place where we can spend time with our child and grand children in peace. We are looking for a dynamic place which will act as a core of activity for three generation of our family with integrated circulation and funiture layout. We prefer sustainable and climate friendly approach towards design. Don’t believe in mechanical heating/ cooling, looking for organic alternative.

SPACE RECOMENDATION Multisoried house with 4 bed accomodation Dynamic spaces for different aged people.

Minimum utility areas Flexible verticle circulation system Pool area with a sea view.

Interctive play room 2 car parking

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**Beach views are essential

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02

CONCEPT & DESIGN ITERATION In order to create a sustainable living space for its occupants, we tried to build various conceptual variations, and we checked and discussed their suggestions with critics.

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INITIAL SKETCHES

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2.1

IDEA ITERATION_01

The idea was to develop a shape that can evolve from the climatic parameters such as windflow, solar radiation etc. An organic shape was generated to explore the possibility of earth construction.

Issues : • Dynamic shape to place functions • Need to develop new construction technique • Roof structure was not yet solved for rain.

Feedback : • Appreciated for innovative approach for mud construction • Advised for new material system study • Critisied for functional arrangement

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2.2

IDEA ITERATION_02

A linear form was developed exploiting the materiality of earth and facilitating optimised functional arrangement. The idea primarily focused on spatial configuration, ease of construction, local trends of construction systems and cost effectiveness.

Issues : • Non-innovative approach • Typical construction technique • stereotype design Feedback : • Criticisd for exploration and visualisation • Advised for innovation Image prepared by Pat Condidorio and Dilan Sen

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2.3

IDEA ITERATION_03

The idea emphasised on merging idea iteration 1 and 2 to generate an effective and climate responsive design solution.

Issues : • Lake of formal identity • Merging was very complicated • Need of another shapes to combine Feedback : • Appreciated for innovative apporach of roofing • Advised for new tools to explore the geometry of the roof • Critisied for functional arrangement

Images prepared by Aishwarya Hippalgaonkar

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2.4

IDEA ITERATION_04

The idea focused on how to integrate a microclimate within an organic form and generate habitable spaces for the occupants.

Issues : • Organic massing denied for functional spaces • Roofing was complecated • Creating opennings become difficult Feedback : • Appreciated for singel massing • Advised for new tools to explore the geometry of the roof • Critisied for functional arrangement and openings

Images prepared by Aishwarya Hippalgaonkar

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Images prepared by Aishwarya Hippalgaonkar

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03

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT For our next design growth, we fixed three main pillars. For each pillar, we have pursued a detailed experiment and overlaid them to find a best solution for a comfortable surroundings

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3.1 CONCEPT MAPPING

CONCEPT

A homogenous space generated by a material system inspired from indigenous culture that accomodate microcilmatic environment for it’s inhabitants.

Our design is integration of 3 key pillars 1. A Multigenerational Habitants.

2. Contextual Micro-climate and 3. Material system – inspired by indigenous culture.

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3.2 MULTI-GENERATIONAL HABITANCY Generation 1 GRAND PARENTS

Generation 2 YOUNG PARENTS

ACTIVITY MAPPING

The activity mapping for multi-generational habitants where our primary focus was on identifying the interactive activities between the different generations for cohabitation.

Mapping shows functional connection and the shared interactive space among those 3 generations Generation 3 KIDS

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FUNCTIONAL MAPPING

SHARING SPACE

Generation 1 GRAND PARENTS

Generation 2 YOUNG PARENTS

COMMON SPACE SHARING SPACE

SHARING SPACE

Generation 3 KIDS

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ZONING MAPPING ITERATIONS

The spatial mapping iterations to identify the optimum solution for a multi-generational family based on the parameters – 1. Accommodating in single storey, double storey and 3 storey.

2. Accessibility and circulation.

3. View from each space and 4. Spatial Intervention.

Among all, we have decided that Grandparents colour coded green should be a ccommodated on the ground floor for ease in accessibility, Young parents coded blue are accommodated on the first floor with Kids coded red and common spaces coded in grey.

Generation 1_Grand Parents Generation 2_Young Parents Generation 3_Kids

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SINGLE STORIED

DOUBLE STORIED

THREE STORIED

COMPACT ZONING IN DOUBLE STORIED

SPATIAL INTERVENTION IN DOUBLE STORIED

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3.3 CONTEXTUAL MICRO-CLIMATE MICROCLIMATE MAPPING

Here are 5 parameters chosen: Humidity, air velocity, Temperature, solar radiation and rainfall. All these 5 parameters influence our micro climate and we’re trying to create an indoor micro climate with architectural interventions categorized in 2 manmade and natural.

ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION (NATURAL) VEGETATION

AI R

THARMAL MASS

EM PAR ATUR E

PRECE

AI RT

N TIO PITA

WATER BODY ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION (NATURAL)

ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION (MANMADE)

HU M I OPENNINGS

ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION (MANMADE)

MICROCLIMATE

SOLA R RADIATION

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VE LO TY CI

TY DI

MICROCLIMATE MAPPING IN FORMS

Taking into account the summer and winter solstice, we tried to evolve the form to see how various forms respond to the wind flow and also define the spaces at plan level within the shadow area. The diagrams show that an internal transitional space would be more effective for cross-ventilation.

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2

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We can see in a 3-dimensional view, beginning from the shape of a rectangle to a form that is well ventilated throughout. We found man-made architectural interventions such as thermal mass to be put on north and west faรงades and then to provide wider openings to be ventilated north and west through east and south. Natural intervention such as water bodies, trees, are considered to be positioned in transitional space to minimise temperature and to create a stack ventilation system through openings on the roof. We wanted to introduce a micro-climatic immersive courtyard.

Images prepared by Aishwarya Hippalgaonkar

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MICROCLIMATE MAPPING ITERATIONS

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Images prepared by Aishwarya Hippalgaonkar

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3.4 MATERIAL SYSTEM EXPLORING FROM PAST THE CITIZENS’ INITIATIVE PAVILION BUILDING IS THE WORK OF THE ARCHITECT RICARDO HIGUERAS FOR THE ZARAGOZA EXPO 2008.

MESH MOULD, ETH ZURICH 2012-2014 GRAMAZIO KOHLER RESEARCH

Another precedent about the citizen pavilion built in 2008. Here we can see how wattle daub can create big organic form. There was a study about mesh mould in ETH Zurich in 2012 shows how double cage structure can give flexibility for an organic shape.

1:1 construction aspects of robotically fabricated load bearing structure process with minimal mass transfer and a high degree of geometric definition Mesh mould combines formwork and reiforcement into one single robotically fabricated construction sysytem

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MATERIAL SYSTEM CONCEPT

UNDERSTANDING OF WEAVING

INSPIRATION

WEAVING SYSTEM INSPIRED

BY INDEGENIOUS CULTURE

TH

CA TIO N

creating opennings by changing the pattern

AR

IO N NO VA T

N

IN

S

AS M

FA B

RI

AL M

TIO VA NO IN

positioning and thickness of element can shaping a form

MATERIAL SYSTEM

LO

GY

LO

NO

CA MA LY TE RE RIA SO L UR CE

D

CH

TE INNOVATION

need of a centrifugal force to hold different geometrical form

REINFORCEMENT

Material systems is developed on 3 parameters – 1. weaving system inspired by indigenous culture.

2. Locally resourced materials and 3. Technological interpretation.

Where we are developing innovation in thermal massing, reinforcement and fabrication processes.

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3.5 PHYSICAL PROTOTYPE Studying weaving pattern

COMPUTATIONAL STUDY

In a computational framework, we have studied how various weaving patterns can be created that we can have a control to manipulate the shapes and size of the member and node location.

Here we have created a weaving panel of 2 layers, separated from a certain distance and linked to a crossdirectional third weaving panel that can build a structural system of double cages integrated with a wattle and daub system and how it will communicate with different types.

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weaving on different shapes

Generating shapes with weaving

Waffle system to generate double caged structure

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UNDERSTANDING OF WEAVING BEAHAVIOUR WITH NATURAL MATERIAL

We created a 1:20 scale physical model made of bamboo that is filled with mud, with a double caged weaving structure. First of all, by anchoring it to the foundation, one layer weave pattern is created according to the shape and you can see here that the panel did not stand on itself, so we added another layer of weave pattern offset to the first one, and then both layers are cross-directionally weaved together. The outcome was optimistic that it could stand on its own. It was difficult for the next stage to render openings in such a structure. We weaved another cross-directional layer along the outline of the opening by following the existing weave. Finally, we poured mud in a thickness that could cover all layers, and it was incredible to see how 600grms of structure can hold 8 kg of wet.

CONSTRUCTING DOUBLE CAGED WOVEN STRUCTURE

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POURING EARTH INTO DOUBLE CAGED STRUCTURE

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3.6 FINAL CONCEPT

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WEAVING TOGETHER

The final concept emerged from blending the ideas of Multigenerational zoning layout, microclimatic intervention and double caged woven material system. The three ideas were weaved together to create a homogeneous space for the habitants.

Weaving is not only creating a structure, it is also weaving the relations between the inhabitants with its surroundings.

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FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL We fixed one design idea after ovarlay of all three pillars and materialised it for our multi-generation client to a sustainable habitat.

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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

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SITE PALN 40

ZONNING LAYOUT

This is the view showing the zoning layout showing spaces for different generations and how its connected with common facilities around the interactive courtyard.

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GROUND FLOOR PALN Entering into the house opens us directly into interactive courtyard , Common spaces are placed towards road and living and dining spaces are placed onto North-east corner for a sea-view and Grandparents block are placed on South-east corner.

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FIRST FLOOR PALN In First floor plan, Kids area is placed on North side at a mezzanine level with an view to sea and connected to their parents block . young parents block is placed on south side and connected to the grandparents with bar as common space.

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SINGLE MODULE DETAIL

INTERIOR VIEW OF MODULE

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SINGLE MODULE PLAN

EXPLODED VIEW OF SINGLE MODULE

An exploded view of the module explains an overview of structural and material systems and also how a functional arrangement is possible in this sort of module.

Images prepared by Aishwarya Hippalgaonkar

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SINGLE MODULE STRUCTURE

Single module can be constructed with double caged weaved structure which is anchored to the base and partially filled with mud and another shape is branching out to create the roofing structure where wall becomes roof with introducing the different infill materials

Roof cover (straw/ bagasse)

Supporting the roof structure

Thermal mass (straw/ bagasse)

Branching of double caged structure- where wall becomes roof

Double caged structure anchored to base

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STRUCTURE _ CAN BE WEAVED TOGETHER

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SINGLE MODULE STRUCTURE

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MULTIGENERATINAL ACTIVITY AROUND THE INTERACTIVE MICROCIMATIC COURTYARD

Generation 1_Grand Parents Generation 2_Young Parents Generation 3_Kids

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SHOWING SPACE CONNECTION BETWEEN YOUNG PARENTS AND GRADPARENTS BLOCK

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SHOWING SPACE CONNECTION BETWEEN COMMON SPACE AND KIDS BLOCK

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1. Entry view seeing the first impression of interactive courtyard and also we can have a direct sea view through living space.

2. Iteractive couryard view from living space 3. The view from road-side.

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This view from beach side showing how this organic form is weaved with its natural surroundings 54 54

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REFERENCES Arias Arquitectos + Surtierra Arquitectura,2010, Casa Munita Gonzalez, Archdaily, viewd 10 September October 2020, https:// www.archdaily.com/379734/casa-munita-gonzalez-arias-arquitectos-surtierra-arquitectura Australian Government, Your home, Australian Government, viewd 15 November 2020, https://www.yourhome.gov.au/housing/ adapt ing-climate-change BI0N, design and build with wattle-and-daub and light straw, viewd 15 November 2020, http://www.bi0n.eu/2016/05/05/2-design-and-build-with-watle-and-daub-and-light-straw/ Bunderberg Region, Explore the Bunderberg Region, Southern Great barrier reef, viewd 10 September October 2020, https://www. bundabergregion.org/explore Chiangmai Life Architects, Trika Villa Namphrae, Chiangmai Life Construction ltd, viewd 15 November 2020, https://www.bamboo-earth-architecture-construction.com/portfolio-item/trika-villa/ Culture connect, Half Day Weaving Workshop, viewd 15 November 2020, https://cultureconnect.com.au/weaving-workshop/ Department of housing and public works, Urban design and Architecture, Quensland Government, viewd 15 November 2020, https://www.hpw.qld.gov.au/services/urban-design-architecture Earth Architecture, 2007, The Citizens’ Intiative Pavilion, Earth Architecture, viewd 10 September October 2020, https://eartharchitecture.org/?p=452 Environment Science, Soil constraints mapping technical reports, Quensland Government, viewd 10 September October 2020, https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/soil-constraints-mapping-technical-reports-rp155c Gramazio K., 2012-2014, Mesh Mould, ETH Zurich, Gramazio Kohler Research, viewd 15 November 2020, https://gramaziokohler.arch.ethz.ch/web/e/forschung/221.html Indigenous knowledge, Weaving design into local materials, Melbourne university, viewd 15 November 2020, https://indigenousknowledge.unimelb.edu.au/curriculum/resources/weaving-design-into-local-materials Queensland Government, Soil structure, Quensland Government, viewd 15 October 2020, https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/management/soil/soil-properties/structure

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THANK YOU .....

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November 2020 103141287@student.swin.edu.au