Key Takeaways

KEY TAKEAWAYS

• The male gonads are the testes, which produce spermatozoa and testosterone. • The mature sperm cell swims with a flagellum; it is mixed with several fluids to make semen. • The male copulatory organ is the penis, which has most of the nerve endings. It must become turgid in order to penetrate the vagina. • The female gonads are the ovaries, which produce ova, estrogen, progesterone, and a small amount of testosterone. • Testosterone is necessary for both male and female libido. • The female menstrual cycle sets the uterus and ovaries up for fertilization; menses occurs when fertilization does not occur. • Much of sexuality and sexual feelings originates in areas of the brain linked to attention, motivation, and emotions. • Male circumcision removes the male foreskin. It is primarily done for cultural and religious reasons, although there are a few health benefits. • Female genital mutilation is practiced in upper and middle Africa and in parts of the Middle East, where it is believed to be a hygienic and culturally-positive thing to do. • There are many long-term and short-term complications of female genital mutilation so that it is discouraged by all world organizations and is not practiced in most societies of the world.