College Level Molecular Biology

Page 203

Figure 60.

Prophase takes up over half of all mitosis. There is the breakdown of the nuclear envelope and the nucleolus disintegrates. The centrosome duplicates itself to make two daughter centrosomes. These centrosomes form the mitotic spindle. The chromosomes become compacted. Each replicated chromosome can be seen as two separate chromosomes. The chromosomes are held together by a centromere. Prometaphase involves migration of the of the chromosomes to the equatorial plate called the metaphase plate. This forms a kinetochore structure on each side of the centromere. There is a continual condensation of the chromosomes. This leads to metaphase, in which the chromosomes align along the metaphase plate. Anaphase is the shortest phase. It is when the centromeres divide and the sister chromatids are pulled apart. The microtubules pull these sister chromatids to the opposite side of the cell. The sister chromatids are then referred to as daughter chromosomes. Telophase happens when the nuclear envelope is remade and chromosomes become diffuse again. Cytokinesis is the actual separation of the two cells. A cell plate forms in cytokinesis involving plants.

MEIOSIS Meiosis is an aspect of eukaryotic cell division that makes haploid sex cells also called gametes from cells that are diploid or those that contain two copies of each chromosome. There are two parts to meiosis called meiosis I and meiosis II. There is

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Answers to Chapter Eight

36min
pages 266-290

Answers to Chapter Four

1min
pages 261-262

Answers to Chapter Seven

1min
page 265

Answers to Chapter Six

1min
page 264

Answers to Chapter Five

1min
page 263

Answers to Chapter Three

1min
page 260

Answers to Chapter Two

1min
page 259

Summary

5min
pages 211-214

Quiz

1min
pages 208-210

Apoptosis

3min
pages 205-206

Key Takeaways

0
page 207

Meiosis

1min
pages 203-204

Mitosis and its Regulation

1min
page 202

Cell Cycle Regulators

1min
page 201

Quiz

1min
pages 196-197

Key Takeaways

0
page 195

Cilia, Centrioles and Flagella

0
page 194

Intermediate Filaments

1min
page 193

Microtubules

1min
page 192

Cell Migration

1min
page 191

Microfilaments

5min
pages 186-190

Quiz

1min
pages 183-184

G Protein-coupled Receptors

2min
pages 180-181

Key Takeaways

0
page 182

Signaling Processes

3min
pages 178-179

Ligands

0
page 177

Receptors

3min
pages 174-176

Key Takeaways

0
page 170

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

5min
pages 167-169

Secretory Pathways in Nerve Cells

4min
pages 164-166

Quiz

1min
pages 157-159

Fatty Acid Oxidation

1min
page 151

Key Takeaways

0
page 156

Photosynthesis

4min
pages 152-155

Citric Acid Cycle

1min
pages 148-150

Mitochondrial Respiration

3min
pages 145-147

Glycolysis

1min
pages 143-144

Quiz

1min
pages 139-140

Key Takeaways

0
page 138

Gene Mutations

1min
pages 136-137

Genomics

1min
page 135

Transposable DNA

1min
page 134

Key Takeaways

0
page 124

Eukaryotic Genes

5min
pages 131-133

Quiz

1min
pages 125-126

DNA Repair

2min
pages 122-123

DNA Replication

2min
pages 120-121

Types and Function of RNA

7min
pages 115-119

Key Takeaways

0
page 105

Quiz

1min
pages 106-108

Post-Translational Modification

1min
page 99

Protein Detection and Characterization

2min
pages 103-104

Enzymology

3min
pages 100-102

Protein Synthesis

5min
pages 95-98

Key Takeaways

0
page 89

Quiz

1min
pages 90-92

Diffusion

1min
pages 81-82

Composition of Membranes

2min
pages 71-72

Active Transport

5min
pages 83-86

Quiz

1min
pages 76-78

Membrane Proteins

3min
pages 73-74

Quiz

1min
pages 67-68

Tissue Differentiation

7min
pages 46-51

Plant Cell Adhesions

2min
pages 64-65

Desmosomes

0
pages 57-58

Key Takeaways

0
page 52

Connective Tissue and Connective Tissue Proteins

4min
pages 61-63

Quiz

1min
pages 53-54

Key Takeaways

0
page 66

Cell to Cell Communication

1min
page 45

Chemical Reactions in Living Things

2min
pages 28-29

Chapter One: Chemical Foundations of Life

6min
pages 13-16

Quiz

1min
pages 31-32

Preface

5min
pages 9-12

Chemical Building Blocks of Life

4min
pages 22-27

Key Takeaways

0
page 30

Covalent Bonds

1min
pages 19-20

Eukaryotic Cell Structures

7min
pages 36-44
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