Kali O Kalam March 2019 by Bengal Foundation

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/kaliokalam

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26 †g, 2005

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09.05.06

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†g‡j aij, wec‡ì m¼U †hb AviI cÖKU n‡q DVj| mg¯Í e¨vcviUv GZw`b ch©šÍ GKUv N„Y¨ `yN©Ubv e‡j †jv‡K Av‡¶c cÖKvk KiZ| Gevi mK‡j eySj hwÌ e¨vcviUvi h_v_© cÖK…wZ Avi Drm ZLbI Zv‡ì ARvbv, ZeyI Zvi g‡a¨ †hb †Kvb GKUv wec‡ì m~Pbv DuwK w`‡”Q| ïay †mB ey‡ov †nu‡cv iæMxUv nvZ-cv †b‡o evi evi ej‡Z jvMj, ÔIiv †eiæ‡”Q! Iiv †ei ïiæ K‡i‡Q!Õ †jvKUvi K_vq †Kgb †hb GKUv A™¢yZ fxgiwZi Avb›`!3 Z‡e RxbvZ BgwZqvR Avjx hv‡K ÔAšÍg©q ¯^MZK_bixwZ (interior monologue)Õ e‡jb Zv Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`v Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¨ h_v_© bq| KviY wZwb Avm‡j ¯^MZK_ bixwZ I †PZbvcÖevnixwZ‡K mgv_©K K‡i †d‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GB `yB‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ my¯úó| hwÌ A‡b‡KB stream of consciousness I interior monologue GB `yB Uvg©‡K mgv_©Kfv‡e wKš‘ Oxford dictionary of Literary Terms-Gi e¨vL¨v Abyhvqx ÔThey can also be distinguished psychologically and literarily. In a Psychological sense, stream of consciousness is the subject-matter, while interior monologue is the technique for presenting it.’ And for Literature ... Ôwhile an interior monologue always presents a character’s thoughts ‘directly’, without the apparent intervention of a summarizing and selecting narrator, it does not necessarily mingle them with impressions and perceptions, nor does it necessarily violate the norms of grammar, or logic but the stream-of-consciousness technique also does one or both of these things.’ Encyclopedia Britannica DwjøwLZ e¨vL¨vi m‡½ HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡iI e‡j these terms are often used interchangeably, Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î Encyclopedia Britannica-i wm×všÍ n‡”Q, ÔWhile an interior monologue may mirror all the half thoughts, impressions, and associations that impinge upon the character’s consciousness, it may also be restricted to an organized presentation of that character’s rational thoughts.Õ AšÍg©q ¯^MZK_bixwZ bq, Avm‡j c~‡e©B hv ejv n‡q‡Q, Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`vi wkí-†KŠk‡ji g~j wfwË †PZbvcÖevnixwZ| G‡ÿ‡Î †PZbvcÖevnixwZ Kx ev GB ixwZi ¯îƒc Kx Ges Kxfv‡e, KZUv mv_©Kfv‡e Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`v‡Z Zvi cÖ‡qvM n‡q‡Q Zv A‡š^lY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †PZbvcÖevnixwZ ej‡Z Ggb GK eY©bvZ¥K †KŠkj‡K †evSvq hv e¨w³K ev mgwš^Z †PZbvq engvb wewPÎ wPšÍv I Abyfe‡K K_vmvwn‡Z¨ iƒc †`q| hw` mivmwi Wikipedia †_‡K Gi msÁv ùvo Kiv‡bvi cÖqvm †bIqv hvq Z‡e Zv ùvovq, ÔStream of consciousness is a narrative device used in literature ‘to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind. In-literary criticism, Stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. It is primarily a fictional device.’ wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_gfv‡M AvaywbK Jcb¨vwmKiv mvaviYfv‡e

eY©bvZ¥K GB †KŠkj †PZbvcÖevnixwZi m‡½ hy³ nb| Z‡e AvVv‡iv kZ‡K †jI‡iÝ w÷‡gi gb¯ÍvwË¡K Dcb¨vm Tristram Shandy, Edgar Allan poe-i †QvUMí ÔThe Tell-Tale HeartÕmn Gi †ekwKQy c~e©-bwRi jÿ Kiv hvq| Dwbk kZ‡Ki †klw`‡K †PZbvcÖevnixwZi Zvrch©c~Y© bwRi Henry JamesGi Portrait of a lady (1881)| Z‡e †PZbvcÖevnixwZi cwic~Y© weKvk N‡U wek kZ‡Ki AvaywbK Jcb¨vwmK‡ì nv‡Z hvi ïiæi D`vniY wn‡m‡e Marcel Proust-Gi In search of lost Time DwjøwLZ nq| Z‡e ievU© nvg‡cwi Zv GB e‡j bvKP K‡i †`b †h, cÖD÷ ïay AZxZ Zz‡j Avb‡Z †PZbv‡K eënvi K‡i‡Qb hv‡K †PZbvcÖevnixwZ ejv hvq bv| Bs‡iwR fvlvi †jLK Dorothy Richardson (187357) cÖ_g Zuvi Dcb¨vm Pilgrimage-G †PZbvcÖevnixwZi mdj cÖ‡qvM K‡ib Ges `¨ B‡Mvwq‡÷ Zuvi Av‡jvPbvm~‡Î †g wmbwK¬qvi mvwnZ¨‡ÿ‡Î cÖ_g Uvg©wU cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| Z‡e †PZbvcÖevnixwZi cÖavb Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e DwjøwLZ nq James Joyce-Gi Ulysses (first edition, 1922)| cieZx©Kv‡jI †PZbvcÖevnixwZi PP©v Ae¨vnZ _v‡K Ges Zv‡Z bvbv êwPÎ¨ †hgb Av‡m, †Zgwb iwPZ nq Awfbe wel‡qi mg„× Dcb¨vm| D`vniY¯îƒc Virginia Woolf-Gi Mrs Dalloway (1925) I To the Lighthouse (1927), William Faulkner-Gi The Sound and the Fury-i K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq| ejv evûj¨, A`¨vewa GB PP©v e¨vcKfv‡e Ae¨vnZ Av‡Q| Z‡e W‡ivw_ wiPvW©mb †_‡K †Rgm R‡qm (we‡klZ

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1. wgib gwnDÏxb, Ôˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn&i Dcb¨v‡mi RMrÕ, RbZv mvwnZ¨, ˆ`wbK RbZv, XvKv, 2 fv`ª 1398, Øv`k el©, `kg msL¨v| 2. RxbvZ BgwZqvR Avjx, ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn& : Rxeb`k©b I mvwnZ¨Kg©, 1992, XvKv, wkíZiæ cÖKvkbx, c„ 148-151| 3. Avj‡e¨i K¨vgy, Dcb¨vm Îqx (`¨ dj, Abyev` c„_x¡ ›`ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq), 2006, XvKv, bvj›`v, c„ 382| 4. ˆmq` AvKig †nv‡mb-m¤úvw`Z ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn& iPbvejx-1, 1993, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, c„ 238-239| 5. iwdKDjøvn Lvb, evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vm : welq I wkíiƒc 1947-1987, 1997, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, c„ 406| 6. mvC` Avng`-Ab~w`Z, G‡qv‡b‡¯‹vi `ywU bvUK (†U‡Kv Awf‡bÎx), XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1990, c„ 76, 77, 98, 99| 7. ˆmq` AvKig †nv‡mb-m¤úvw`Z ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn& iPbvejx-1, c~‡e©v³, c„ 374| r

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Abyev`-Kjv : `ywU mv¤úÖwZK AwfÁZv nvmvb †di‡`Šm

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n‡jv bv| wjwLZ nqwb Zvi m¤¢eZ GKwU cÖavb KviY GK fvlv †_‡K Ab¨ fvlvq †h-†Kv‡bv iƒcvšÍi eo‡Rvi g~j iPbvi Ô`ye©j AbyKiYÕ| cÖwZwU fvlvi wbR¯^ Aven ev †gRvR i‡q‡Q Ñ †hgb cÖK…wZi i‡q‡Q wbR¯^ †iv`, e„wó I Zvc Ñ hv KL‡bv Ab¨ fvlvq iƒcvšÍi m¤¢e bq| gvwK©b Aa¨vcK evU©b ivdv‡qj g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb, Ggb `y‡Uv fvlv †bB hvi d‡bvjwR ev aŸwbweÁvb Awfbœ| †Kv‡bv `yB fvlv †bB hvi mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm Awfbœ, †m-Kvi‡Y GK fvlv †_‡K Ab¨ fvlvq Zvi mvs¯‹…wZK PwiÎ Ñ ivdv‡q‡ji fvlvq ÔwjUv‡iwi dg©Õ Ñ cybiæ×vi m¤¢e bq| Avi Zv m¤¢e bq e‡jB Abyev‡` hv AR©b m¤¢e Zv eo‡Rvi g~‡ji GKwU fvlvšÍi, evOvwj Abyev`K ivav PµeZx© iex›`ªbv_ cÖm‡½B huv‡K e‡j‡Qb ÔB›UviwcÖ‡UkbÕ| wVK GKB K_v e‡j‡Qb Bs‡iR †jLK w_‡qv‡Wvi mv‡fvwi| Zuvi K_vq Ô†`vfvlxÕ wn‡m‡e Abyev`‡Ki KvR Ôg~j †jLK I Zuvi cvVK‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU †mZze‡Üi `vwqZ¡ cvjb|Õ GB Kvi‡Y GKB iPbv wfbœ wfbœ Abyev`‡Ki nv‡Z ¯^Zš¿ iƒcvšÍi AR©b K‡i| Kwe k•L †Nvl GB mxgve×Zvi ¯^xK…wZ wn‡m‡e cÖ¯Íve K‡iwQ‡jb Abyev`‡K ÔAbymR©bÕ ejvB AwaK msMZ| Bs‡iR Aa¨vcK j‡iÝ †fbywZ GB wfbœZvi K_v gv_vq †i‡L ¯‹¨vÛvjm Ae UªvÝ‡jkb MÖ‡š’ AwfgZ w`‡q‡Qb, Abyev`K hZB ejyb wZwb wb‡Ri Abyev‡ì gva¨‡g g~j iPwqZvi KÉ¯î D×v‡i eªZx n‡q‡Qb, Avm‡j wZwb hv K‡ib Zv g~‡ji Av‡jv‡K m¤ú~Y© bZzb GKwU iPbv wbg©vY| GRiv cvDÛ A_ev B‡qUm †h iex›`ªbv‡_i MxZvÄwj c‡o wew¯§Z I wegy» n‡qwQ‡jb Zvi KviY Abyev‡` bq, g~j Bs‡iwR‡ZB Zuviv †m-MÖš’fz³ KweZvmg~n cvV K‡iwQ‡jb| g‡b ivLv fv‡jv, Bs‡iwR fvlvi Kwe wn‡m‡eB iex›`ªbv_ mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi †c‡qwQ‡jb| cvD‡Ûi K_v hLb DVj, ZLb GB e`‡gRvwR gvwK©b Kwei wb‡Ri Abyev‡ì K_v g‡b Kiv hvK| 1913 mv‡j, hLb iex›`ªbv‡_i MxZvÄwji GK¸”Q KweZv Zuvi nvZ a‡i wkKv‡Mvi †cv‡qwUª cwÎKvq gyw`ªZ n‡q‡Q, cÖvq †mB mgq Zuvi nv‡Z Av‡m Av‡b©÷ †d‡bvjmvi †jLv Pxbv KweZvi Ici msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv I Abyev`| †mB †bv‡Ui wfwË‡Z `yB eQi NlvgvRvi ci †gvU 14wU Ab~w`Z Pxbv KweZv ÔK¨v‡_Õ GB bv‡g wZwb cÖKvk K‡ib| Avgiv AwaKvskB Pxbv fvlv Rvwb bv| d‡j †m-KweZv Av`‡Z KZUzKz g~jvbyM, Zv D×vi Avgv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| wKš‘ Pxbv fvlvwe‡ì Afve †bB, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ huviv GB KweZv g~‡ji m‡½ wgwj‡q †`‡L‡Qb, Zuv‡ì mevi Awfbœ gZ Ñ cvDÛ Abyev` bq, Bs‡iwR fvlvq Pxbv fveavivwfwËK bZzb KweZv wj‡L‡Qb| GgbwK GwjqU, huv‡K cvDÛ wbKU-eÜz Ávb Ki‡Zb, wZwbI GB KweZvi ˆPwbK PwiÎ wb‡q m‡›`n cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cvDÛ‡K Bs‡iwR fvlvq Pxbv KweZvi Avwe®‹viK e‡j evnev w`‡q‡Qb e‡U; wKš‘ Ggb K_vI e‡j‡Qb, GLb bv †nvK, c‡i †Kv‡bv GKmgq GB KweZv Abyev` bq, eis Ôwek kZ‡Ki wbR¯^ PgrKvi Kve¨KxwZ©Õ wn‡m‡eB bw›`Z n‡e| A_©vr, Aa¨vcK Rb DBwjqvg‡mi K_v avi K‡i ej‡Z cvwi, cvD‡Ûi †mB Pxbv KweZvq Lye mvgvb¨B Pxb i‡q‡Q| Abyev‡` Ô¯‹¨vÛv‡jÕi D`vniY wn‡m‡e fvbywZ cvD‡Ûi Pxbv Abyev‡ì †h-K_v D‡jøL K‡ib, Zuvi ZvwË¡K wfwË‡Z wQj Jcwb‡ewkK I Dcwb‡e‡ki Avw` RbMY Ñ K‡jvwbqvj I K‡jvbvBRW Ñ GB `yB‡qi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb AvZwZ‡K †K›`ª K‡i| Bs‡iwR Jcwb‡ewkK fvlv, Pxbv †m-Dcwb‡e‡ki Avw` evwm›`v‡ì fvlv| GKwU ¶gZvi †K›`ª, Ab¨wU †m-¶gZvi

cÖvšÍmxgv| Abyev‡ì gva¨‡g cÖvšÍeZx© fvlvi wbR¯^Zv †jvc cvq I Zv AwaK ¶gZvevb †K›`ªxq fvlvi wbR¯^Zvi AšÍM©Z nq| GwU fvbywZi we‡ePbvq, Ab~w`Z fvlv I mvwn‡Zï Ô†Wv‡gw÷‡KkbÕ ev ¯’vbxqKiY| †K›`ªxq ¶gZvi nv‡Z cÖvšÍeZx© fvlv I mvwnZ¨ Kxfv‡e ¯^‡`wkKi‡Yi wkKvi nq cvD‡Ûi ÔK¨v‡_Õi †P‡qI AwaK ÔD¾¡jÕ D`vniY wdUmwRiv‡ìi Igi ˆLqv‡gi iæevBqvZ| GLb Avgiv Rvwb, wdUmwRivì hv‡K Abyev` e‡j Pvwj‡q‡Qb Zvi wZb-PZz_©vsk PZzc©`x‡Z Av‡`Š †Kv‡bv Igi ˆLqvg †bB, meB wdUmwRiv‡ìi g‡bi gvayix| Jcwb‡ewkK cÖfz‡ì fvlvi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì nv‡Z Avmvq Zv‡KB Avgiv GZw`b aªæe mZ¨ e‡j †R‡b G‡mwQ| cvDÛ Kxfv‡e Pxbv KweZvi ¯^‡`wkKiY K‡i‡Qb, Zvi e¨vL¨vq Aa¨vcK Rb DBwjqvgm wZbwU cÖeYZvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| GK, cvDÛ Pxbv fvlvi wjLb-c×wZ‡Z GZB gy» wQ‡jb †h, Zvi aŸwbcÖKiY m¤ú~Y© D‡c¶v K‡i wjwLZ KweZvi `„k¨gvbZvi Ñ cvDÛ hv‡K ÔBwWIMÖvdÕ wn‡m‡e Rvb‡Zb Ñ Ici wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb| Pxbv fvlv wZwb Rvb‡Zb bv, d‡j Av¶wiK Abyev‡ì cvkvcvwk IB `„k¨gvbZv wQj Zuvi Abyev‡ì im`| `yB, wZwb †Kej †mme KweZvB Abyev‡ì Rb¨ evQvB Ki‡Zb, hv Zuvi fv‡jv jvMZ ev Zuvi cÖ‡qvRb †gUvZ| Ges wZwb gv‡Sg‡a¨ GZUv AbycÖvwYZ †eva Ki‡Zb †h, g~j KweZv †Q‡o wbR e¨vL¨vq I Kve¨v‡š^l‡Y AvZ¥gMœ n‡Zb| Ab¨ K_vq A‡bï KweZvq wb‡Ri g‡bi gvayix †gkv‡Zb| (we¯ÍvwiZ †`Lyb : Avi Rb DBwjqvgm, Iwi‡q›U A¨vÛ Iwi‡q›UvwjRgm Bb BDGm-Av‡gwiKvb †cv‡qwUª A¨vÛ †cv‡qwU·, wcUvi j¨vs cvewjwks MÖæc, evwj©b 2009, c„ 145)

GRiv cvDÛ

Gi m‡½ Zzjbxq føvw`wgi b‡evK‡di mycwiwPZ ÔAvU© Ae UªvÝ‡jkbÕ cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ Abyev‡ì wZb ÔBwfjÕ ev Aïf j¶Y : Áv‡bi I †ev‡ai AÁZv, A¯^”Q A_ev Akøxj GB we‡ePbvq B”QvK…Z weK…wZ Ges KwíZ cvV‡Ki K_v gv_vq †i‡L fve I fvlvi A‡nZzK AjsKiY| cwinv‡mi g‡Zv †kvbv‡e, Avgv‡ì iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RI hLb MxZvÄwji KweZv Abyev` K‡ib, A‡bK †¶‡Î wZwbI wVK GKB B”QvK…Z Aciv‡ai wkKvi nb| Zuvi †¶‡Î Aek¨ GB Abyev`‡K fvbywZ-wPwýZ †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z cÖvšÍeZx©i Ô¯’vbxqKiYÕ ejv Ab¨vq n‡e| KvRwU N‡U‡Q cÖvšÍeZx©i nv‡Z †K›`ªfz³ nIqvi cÖvYvšÍ B”Qvi Kvi‡Y| c‡i, A‡bK ci Ñ hLb mwZ¨ mwZ¨ eÇ wej¤^ n‡q †M‡Q Ñ iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi †Póvi A_©nxbZv ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb| GLv‡b †m-Av‡jvPbv AevšÍi| evsjv †_‡K Bs‡iwR Abyev‡` iex›`ªbv‡_i †h-mxgve×Zv, Bs‡iwR †_‡K evsjvq Abyev‡ì †¶‡Î Zv GK`gB †bB| Abyev‡ì KvRwU‡K wZwb wk¶‡Ki `vwqZ¡ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Bs‡iwRi mvnv‡h¨ divwm, Pxbv I BZvjxq fvlvi KweZvI Zuvi nvZ w`‡q Avgiv †c‡qwQ| 1917 mv‡j kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi wk¶v_x©‡ì Rb¨ wZwb Abyev`-PP©v GB bv‡g GKwU c~Y©v½ MÖš’ iPbv K‡i Abyev`-Kjvi P¨v‡jÄmg~n nv‡Z-Kj‡g †evSv‡bvq eªZx n‡qwQ‡jb| M`¨-c`¨ `y-ai‡bi †jLvB †m-MÖ‡š’ D`vniY wn‡m‡e msKwjZ n‡qwQj| KweZv Abyev‡ì KvRwU hvwš¿K bq Ñ ïay kãvšÍi Øviv Kv‡eï †gŠj PwiÎ D×vi m¤¢e bq, †m-K_v †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ wZwb bx‡i›`ªbv_ ivq-Ab~w`Z †kwji GKwU KweZv ms¯‹vi K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi e³e¨ wQj, g~j KweZvi cÖwZ mywePvi Ki‡Z n‡j Kwei fv‡e”Qv Ñ Zuvi Bb‡U›U Ñ Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi Ôwbwkw`b fimv ivwLm, I‡i gb n‡eB n‡eÕ, GB MvbwUi Bs‡iwR Abyev‡ì e¨vcv‡i iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RB civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb, ÔfimvÕ k‡ãi cÖwZkã `ywU Ñ courage I expectation| wKš‘ GLv‡b IB `yB k‡ãi GKwUI Pj‡e bv| ZLb ej‡Z n‡e, Keep firm thy faith, my heart, it must come to happen. fv‡e”Qv ev B‡›U›U e¨vcviwU iex›`ªbv_ KZUv ¸iæ‡Z¡i m‡½ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Zv †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ Kwe¸iæ-Ab~w`Z Ô†W cÖdvwÛmÕ KweZvi K_v fvev hvK| KweZvwUi †jLK Bs‡iR †ivgvw›UK Kwe Avj‡d«W †Uwbmb| Avgiv Rvwb iex›`ªbv_ Bs‡iwR fvlvi †ivgvw›UK avivi Kwe‡ì Øviv fxlYfv‡e cÖfvweZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi Kv‡Q GB KweZvi Abyev` wQj weMZ kZ‡Ki GK bgm¨ Kwei cÖwZ ¸iæ`w¶Yv| KweZvwU Bs‡iR †jLK-mgv‡jvPK‡ì Kv‡Q Kì cvqwb| evsjv‡`‡kI cvVKKzj cwðgv cwÐZ‡ì c`v¼ AbymiY K‡i GB KweZv‡K AcvO&‡³q Áv‡b Zv †njvq cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuviv fzj Ñ G-K_v cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ GKB bv‡g GK bvwZ`xN© cÖe‡Ü iex›`ªbv_ KweZvwU †Kb e¨wZµgx Zvi mwe¯Ívi e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi K_vq, †Uwbm‡bi mgmvgwqK cvVK-†jLK-eyw×Rxex‡ì Kv‡Q GB KweZvwU Kì cvqwb, hwÌ KweZvwUi we‡eP¨ welq AZ¨šÍ Mfxi, ¸iæZi| ÔBnv‡Z Ggb KZK¸wj fve Av‡Q hvnv mvaviYZ Bs‡iRiv eywS‡Z cv‡ib bv, Avgiv †m-mKj fve h_v_© eywSevi Dchy³|Õ Zuvi cÖ_g cyÎ nvjøv‡gi R‡b¥ DjøwmZ Kwe 1852

mv‡j KweZvwU wj‡LwQ‡jb gyL¨Z beRvZK‡K c„w_ex‡Z mvì Avgš¿Y wn‡m‡e| Kwei Kv‡Q GwU wQj GK Mfxi AvwZ¥K AwfÁZv, hv mgKvjxb †jLK-mgv‡jvPK‡ì Kv‡Q nvm¨Ki †V‡KwQj| g¨v_y Avb©ì GB KweZv †jLvi Rb¨ †Uwbmb‡K Mvi‡` AvU‡K ivLvi cÖ¯Íve K‡iwQ‡jb| evOvwj Kwe ¯úóZB GB g~j¨vq‡bi m‡½ GKgZ bb| Zuvi †Pv‡L GB KweZvi †h Mfxi fve Zv ïay Zuvi g‡Zv fveyK Kwei †Pv‡LB cov m¤¢e| Ôm‡`¨vRvZ wkïi g‡a¨ GKwU Acwimxg gnvb fve, Acwi‡gq inm¨ Ave× Av‡Q, †Uwbmb ZvnvB cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb Ñ mvaviY cvV‡Kiv Zvnv eywS‡Z cvwi‡Z‡Q bv A_ev GB A‡Pbv fve ü`‡qi g‡a¨ AvqË Kwi‡Z cvwi‡Z‡Q bv|Õ GB Mfxi I cÖ”Qbœ fv‡jvevmvq AvcøyZ Kwe †Uwbm‡bi cy‡iv KweZvwU bq, Zvi Askwe‡kl evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib| KweZvwU Mfxifv‡e Ck¦igyLxb, AwšÍ‡g GKwU cÖv_©bv GB ˆb‡e`¨‡K Av‡iv ZxeªZi K‡i| Abyev‡ì mgq iex›`ªbv_ Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi welqwU we‡kl we‡ePbvq Av‡bb| MxZvÄwji KweZv gyL¨Z Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ wb‡ew`Z, A_P Bs‡iwR Abyev‡` GB KweZvq †h ÔG‡K¬wRqvw÷K¨vjÕ ev hvRKxq fveim i‡q‡Q, iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi Abyev‡` †mB fve AR©‡b e¨_© n‡q‡Qb, GB ARynv‡Z Bs‡iR Kwe ievU© weª‡Rm MxZvÄwji ÔZzwgB AvKvk ZzwgB bxoÕ KweZvwU bZzb K‡i †jLvi cÖ¯Íve K‡iwQ‡jb| Ô†W cÖdvwÛmÕ KweZvi evsjv Abyev‡` ïay Kv‡eï M¤¢xiZvB iw¶Z nqwb, Gi cÖv_©bvgš¿I h_vh_ iw¶Z n‡q‡Q| Out of the deep, my child, out of the deep, Where all that was to be, in all that was, WhirlÕd for a million æons throÕ the vast Waste dawn of multitudinous-eddying light Ñ Out of the deep, my child, out of the deep, ThroÕ all this changing world of changeless law, And every phase of ever-heightening life, And nine long months of antenatal gloom, With this last moon, this crescent Ñ her dark orb TouchÕd with earthÕs light Ñ thou comest, darling boy; Our own; AMY¨ AveZ©gvb Av‡jv‡Ki Avw`g Dlvq †n gnvmgy`ª gv‡S fweZe¨ f‚ZMf©Z‡j n‡ZwQj åvg¨gvY cÖvwYk~b¨ j¶hyM awiÕ Ñ †mB gnvwmÜz n‡Z, er‡m †gvi, †mB wmÜz n‡Z, Ñ wbZ¨ weav‡b‡Z euvav AwbZ¨ we‡k¦i ga¨ w`qv µ‡g cÖvYweKv‡ki c‡e© c‡e© Kwiqv wbf©i hvwc `xN© bq gvm Rb¥c~e© Mf© AÜKv‡i MZiv‡Î P‡›`ªv`‡q Ñ †h-P‡›`ªi gÐjva©Lvwb n‡qwQj AvwjwLZ awiÎxi Av‡jvKQvqvq Ñ

AvwmqvQ, wcÖq erm, Avgv‡ì Avcbvi ab| (iex›`ªbv_, KweZv mgMÖ, cÂg LÐ, Avb›`, KjKvZv 2010, c„ 139) Dwbk kZKxq KweZvi †h ÔAvi‡KwqKÕ fvlv Zv AbymiY K‡iI iex›`ªbv_ †Uwbm‡bi ü`qgw_Z Avb›`-AvwZ©UzKz GLv‡b wVKB D×vi K‡i‡Qb| Avi GUv m¤¢e n‡qwQj KweZvi ewni½ AwZµg K‡i Zvi AšÍM©Z Avb›` I †e`bvi gjøvi aŸwbUzKz wZwb wVK eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb e‡jB| fviZx cwÎKvq GK wPwV‡Z iex›`ªbv_ KweZvi evYx Zuvi Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e aiv †`q, †m-K_v D‡jøL K‡i wj‡LwQ‡jb, Ô†h gnv AZx‡Zi gnv-KviLvbvq wek¦eªþv‡Ði c~e©KviYmg~n AhyZ hyM awiqv msN„ó, GKwÎZ, N~wY©Z, wew”Qbœ nBqv Ae‡k‡l RMriƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ nBqv‡Q, †mB Abvw` AZx‡Zi iv‡R¨ hyMhyMvšÍi awiqv MwVZ, cwiewZ©Z, ms¯‹…Z nBqv Ae‡k‡l GKwU wkï AvR c„w_ex‡Z Avwef‚©Z nBj| wKQyKvj c~‡e© †m †KnB wQj bv, Avi AvR c„w_exi mwnZ Avgvi mwnZ Zvnvi AwZ Nwbô m¤^Ü nBj| welqwU AwZ Mfxi, AwZ gnvb|Õ (KweZv mgMÖ, c„ 561) iex›`ªbv_ †_‡K GB `xN© D×…wZi GKgvÎ KviY GB K_v ¯§iY Kiv †h, Abyev` Ñ we‡klZ KweZvi Abyev` Ñ wKQy‡ZB GKwU ¯^qswµq ev †gKvwbK¨vj cÖwµqv n‡Z cv‡i bv| Ô¸Mj UªvÝ‡jk‡bÕ †d‡j Avi hvB †nvK KweZvi Abyev` m¤¢e bq, KviY Abyev‡ì j¶¨ †Kej Av¶wiK A_© D×vi bq, KweZvq wbwnZ fve Ñ Kwei Kve¨wPšÍvi ü`¯ú›`b Ñ Avwe®‹vi I D×vi| GKgvÎ GKRb KweB cv‡ib †m-KvRwU m¤úbœ Ki‡Z, iex›`ªbv‡_i GB K_vq †Kv‡bv AwZiÄb †bB| iæk Kwe ¸wgwjIdI GKB K_v e‡j †M‡Qb, hwÌ Zuvi e³e¨ Av‡iv K‡Vvi I i¶Ykxj| ¸wgwjI‡di e³e¨ wQj, ïay GKRb KweB †h KweZvi Abyev`K n‡eb ZvB bq, Zuv‡K n‡Z n‡e GKRb hZœkxj AbymÜvbx Ges mr I ms‡e`bkxj mgv‡jvPK, whwb mveav‡b g~j Kwei cÖavb êwkó¨mg~n evQvB Ki‡eb Ges cÖ‡qvRb n‡j ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq Ggb êwkó¨ eR©b Ki‡eb| ¸wgwjId Av‡iv GKwU civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| Abyev`K‡K wb‡Ri e¨w³Z¡ fz‡j †h‡Z n‡e, Zuv‡K ïay g~j Kwei e¨w³‡Z¡i K_v gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e| me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq hw` Abyev`K…Z KweZv Abyev`‡Ki bvg ev ¯^v¶i Qvov cÖKvwkZ nq| Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q, †k‡liwU Qvov iex›`ªbv_ Ô†W cÖdvwÛmÕ Abyev‡ì †¶‡Î ¸wgwjI‡di GB civgk©mg~n A¶‡i A¶‡i AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| GB cÖviw¤¢K Av‡jvPbvi Dcmsnvi wn‡m‡e GLb Avgiv KweZv Abyev‡ì †gvÏv bxwZgvjv wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cvwi| G-e¨vcv‡i Avgv‡ì civgk©`vZv n‡Z cv‡ib w_‡qv‡Wvi m¨v‡fvwi| jÛ‡bi GB ¯‹zjwk¶K weÁv‡bi fvlv wb‡q Zuvi M‡elYvi Rb¨ L¨vwZgvb wQ‡jb| j¨v½y‡qR Ae mv‡qÝ bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ wjL‡Z wM‡qB wZwb Kve¨vbyev‡ì Kjv‡KŠkj wb‡q AvMÖnx n‡q c‡ob| ZviB dmj w` AvU© Ae UªvÝ‡jkb| Abyev‡ì †Kv‡bv aiveuvav I me©Rb¯^xK…Z wbqgKvbyb †bB, KviY c„w_exi †kÖô Abyev`Ke„›` G wb‡q me©m¤§Z wKQy e‡j hvbwb| GB ¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡q m¨v‡fvwi êcixZ¨gq Qq †Rvov bxwZgvjvi K_v e‡j‡Qb : 1| Abyev‡` g~‡ji kãv_© iw¶Z

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nK Zv‡ìI ev` †`bwb| Zv †_‡K g‡b nq GwU AMÖR Kwei cÖwZ Zuvi e¨w³MZ kÖ×vÄwjI e‡U| cieZx© cÖRb¥ †hb GB Kwe‡K Zuvi †miv Kve¨KxwZ©i Rb¨ g‡b iv‡L, Kvqmvi n‡Ki wbe©vPb †_‡K †m-Av¯’v Rb¥vq| g~j evsjvi K_v g‡b bv †i‡L hw` ïay BsiwR KweZv¸wj cwo, Zvn‡j Gme KweZvi Abvo¤îZv A_P cÖej `„k¨gvbZv, m‡e©vcwi fve I fvlvi c~Y© ¯^Ztù‚ZZ © v Avgv‡ì gy» bv K‡i cv‡i bv| knx` Kvìx AvU‡cŠ‡i fvlvq Af¨¯Í wQ‡jb, Avgv‡ì †Pbv fvlv I †Pbv k‡ãi c„w_ex, Zv‡KB wZwb wewkóZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| Kvqmvi nK knx` Kvìxi †mB ÔAK…wÎg e¨MÖZvÕ D×vi K‡i‡Qb wbôvq I wbivc` ¯^v”Q‡›`¨| D`vniY wn‡m‡e GB K‡qKwU jvB‡bi w`‡K bRi †Ìqv hvK| Deep within the flesh in each one of us lives a singing bird. One day it abruptly takes wing in a fresh breeze and flies away, perhaps to perch on the bench of another lush green tree. Our death occurs.

Ô†W_Õ bv‡gi GB mvgvb¨ K‡qK jvB‡bi KweZvwU ¯§iYxq GKw`‡K Zvi cwiwgwZ I evûj¨nxbZvi Rb¨ Ñ Bs‡iwR‡Z hv‡K ejv nq †eªwfwU Ñ Ges Ab¨w`‡K Zvi wbR©b cwifeZvi Rb¨| g„Z¨z GKwU cwie„wË gvÎ, GK Abv¯’vqx-AwbZ¨ RxebaviY †_‡K ¯’vqx I wb‡Zï cv‡b hvÎv| †m wK †KejB †e`bvi I we‡”Q‡ì? Aek¨B, wKš‘ we`v‡qi m‡½ hy³ _v‡K wfbœ GK hvÎvi AcwiÁvZ m¤¢vebv| †mRb¨B Ô†d«k weªRÕ I Ôjvk wMÖb wUªÕ| g~j KweZvwUi m‡½ AcwiwPZ n‡q GB iƒcvšÍiwU‡K Abvqv‡m GKwU PgrKvi KweZv wn‡m‡e MÖn‡Y Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv AvcwË _v‡K bv| Bs‡iwR Abyev‡ì †¶‡ÎI Kvqmvi nK knx` Kvìxi KweZvi AšÍMZ © ¯îwU D×vi K‡ib j¶Yxq mvd‡jï m‡½| mvs¯‹w… ZK eëavb AwZµg K‡i g~j KweZvi MwZ I avegvbZv cybwb©gv© ‡Y Zuvi mvdj¨ Cl©Yxq| Sudden panic sends colorful homebound crowd Ñ even the drowsy ones among them Ñ scuttling like scared red roaches every which way as if someone in cold forbidding tones, tolling familiar bells, had come to warn of imminent plague, emptying homes and city spares.

mnmv mš¿vm Qu‡y jv| N‡i †div iwOb mÜ¨vi wf‡o hviv wQj Z›`ªvjm w`wM¦w`K QyUj, †PŠw`‡K Suv‡K Suv‡K jvj Avi‡kvjvi g‡Zv †hbev go‡K kn‡i DRvo n‡e, Ñ e‡j †Mj †KD Ñ kn‡ii cwiwPZ NÈv †b‡o †b‡o Lye VvÛv GK fqvj Mjvq (ÔRain RainÕ/ Ôe„wó e„wóÕ) knx` Kvìxi GB mycwiwPZ KweZvwUi `ywU j¶Yxq êwkó¨ : Avmbœ `y‡h©v‡Mi wPÎ wbg©v‡Y kû‡i AvU‡cŠ‡i B‡gRvwii eënvi, Ges GKB m‡½ D‡ØM I cÖZ¨vkvi wecixZgyLx Aven wbg©vY|

Dfq ˆewkó¨ cÖwZôvq GKwU ¸iæZ¡cY~ © Dcv`vb MwZ| ÔRj, Rj, Rj/ Zxeª, wnsmª/ Lj|Õ Kvqmvi n‡Ki Abyev‡` GB ˆewkó¨ iw¶Z n‡q‡Q, G-K_vq †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| cÖgvY wn‡m‡e cÖ_‡g g~j KweZvwU I c‡i Zvi Abyev` cvV Kiv hvK : Ges nVvr my‡Mvj wZwgi g‡Zv AvKv‡ki †c‡U we× n‡jv we`y¨‡Zi DošÍ ejøg! eRª-wkjvmn e„wó, e„wó| kÖæwZ‡K ewai K‡i M‡R© I‡V †hb Aweij KivZ-K‡ji PvKv, j¶ †j`-†gwk‡bi AvZ© AdzišÍ AveZ©b| And then a flying harpoon of lightning rips through the rounded whaleÕs belly of the sky, Deafening thunder and hail and rain as if circular saws had roared into ceaseless motion while a million lathes let out a whine of torment.

GKK_vq Ac~e!© GB mvdj¨ m‡Ë¡I †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î Kwei ÔBb‡U›UÕ cy‡ivcywi iw¶Z n‡q‡Q, Avgvi Zv g‡b nqwb| D`vniY wn‡m‡e GB KweZvi bvgKiY aiv hvK| Ôe„wó e„wóÕ KweZvq Aweij e„wói K_v _vK‡jI GwU Ajm mÜ¨vq gš’i el©‡Yi Mí bq| GwU GK cøve‡bi Mí, †h-cøve‡b `~i n‡e bM‡ii †K¬` I mKj eR©¨, cvjv‡e ÔivR¯^ Av`vq K‡i hviv, wPiKvj ¸‡b wb‡q hvqÕ Zviv| Zv‡ì ¯’‡j ivRZ¡ Mo‡e evDÛz‡j I j²xQvov, Db¥~j, DØv¯‘ wfÿzK, †Pvi I Aa©-Db¥v‡ì `j| Ab¨Î knx` Kvìxi GB cøveb‡K Avwg GKvË‡ii m‡½ Zzjbv K‡iwQ| ÔGB KweZvq wZwb ¯^‡`k‡K †`‡LwQ‡jb †K¬`gq, AcÖmbœ I wecbœ GK AwfÁZv wn‡m‡e, †h Eli A_P cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢vebvq Db¥yL| GLv‡b el©‡Yi cÖZx‡K wecø‡ei gvbwPÎ wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb Kwe|Õ d‡j, GB KweZvi wk‡ivbvg evsjvq Ôe„wó e„wóÕ †h †`¨vZbv enb K‡i, Bs‡iwR‡Z ÔRain rainÕ Zv enb K‡i bv e‡jB Avgvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡q‡Q| eis, ÔRain rain go away, come again another dayÕ GB bvm©vwi ivBgwU Avgv‡ì gv_vq _vKvq Kwe †h-†`¨vZbv cÖwZôvq cÖvwYZ wQ‡jb, wVK Zvi wecixZ N‡U| Ab¨ mgm¨v, Kvqmvi nK GB KweZvq KL‡bv KL‡bv evK¨ ms‡KvPb K‡i‡Qb, kã wemR©b w`‡q‡Qb ev B”QvK…Z fzj Abyev` K‡i‡Qb| GB evK¨mg~n j¶ Kiæb : †f‡m hvq NyO‡y ii g‡Zv †e‡R wmMv‡iU-wUb fvOv KuvP mÜ¨vi cwÎKv Avi iwOb †ejyb gm„Y wm‡éi ¯‹vd©, †Quov Zvi, Lvg bxj wPwV Kvqmvi n‡Ki Abyev‡` Zv cwiYZ nq : a cigarettetin floats by with a sound like tambourines, and broken glass, torn wire, envelopes blue air lettersÕ

NyO‡y ii fvlvšÍ‡i ÔU¨v¤^wy ibÕ nq wKbv, †m-weZK© wfbœ, wKš‘ ÔNyOiz Õ eënv‡ii †cQ‡b †h mvs¯‹w… ZK gvbwPÎ wbg©vY Kwei j¶¨ Zv cy‡ivcywi nvwi‡q hvq| GB ev‡Kï c‡ii Ask, ÔiwOb †ejyb/ gm„Y wm‡éi ¯‹vd©Õ cy‡ivcywi Abycw¯’Z| Ggb eR©b KZUv B”QvK…Z, KZUv AbeavbZv, Avgv‡ì c‡¶ D×vi m¤¢e bq| Avwg Av‡M D‡jøL K‡iwQ, KweZvi Abyev` ïay A¶i ¸‡b ¸‡b

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MUERTE (A Isidoro de Blas) ¡Qué esfuerzo! ¡Qué esfuerzo del caballo por ser perro! ¡Qué esfuerzo del perro por ser golondrina! ¡Qué esfuerzo de la golondrina por ser abeja! ¡Qué esfuerzo de la abeja por ser caballo! Y el caballo, ¡qué flecha aguda exprime de la rosa!, ¡qué rosa gris levanta de su belfo! Y la rosa, ¡qué rebaño de luces y alaridos ata en el vivo azúcar de su tronco! Y el azúcar, ¡qué puñalitos sueña en su vigilia! Y los puñales dimínutos, ¡qué luna sin establos, qué desnudos, piel eterna y rubor, andan buscando! Y yo, por los aleros, ¡qué serafín de llamas busco y soy! Pero el arco de yeso, ¡qué grande, qué invisible, qué diminuto!, sin esfuerzo.

Death To Isidore de Blas What effort!

What effort the horse makes To be a dog! What effort the dog to become a swallow! What effort the swallow to be a bee! What effort the bee to become a horse! And the horse, what a sharp shaft it steals from the rose! what grey rosiness lifts from its lips! And the rose, what a flock of lights and cries caught in the living sap of its stem! And the sap, what thorns it dreams in its vigil! And the tiny daggers what moon, and no stable, what nakedness, skin eternal and reddened, they go seeking! And I, in the eaves, what a burning seraph I seek and am! But the arch of plaster, how vast, invisible, how minute, without effort!

Gevi †gvi‡k` kwdDj nvmv‡bi Abyev‡`i w`‡K bRi †`Iqv hvK|

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iƒ‡ci †h Zvi †bB †Kv †kl :

Rxebvb‡›`i Kv‡e¨ iƒc `k©b I wPÎKí my‡`òv PµeZx©

wek¦ Kwei Ô†mvbvi evsjvÕ, bRiæ‡ji evsjv‡`k, Rxebvb‡›ì Ôiƒcmx evsjvÕ, iƒ‡ci †h Zvi †bB †Kv †kl| B Mvb †M‡q iYv½‡b wM‡qwQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³‡hv×viv| GL‡bv †m-†`‡ki AvKvk-evZv‡m fv‡m GB Mv‡bi myi| iƒc m„wó, wPÎKí Zz‡j aivq Rxebvb›` wQ‡jb Abe`¨| iex›`ªbv_ we‡klfv‡e Zuvi wPÎK‡íi cÖksmv K‡iwQ‡jb| Rxebvb‡›ì KweZvq iƒcK_v, wg_, BwZnvm, cyivZË¡ meB wgjZ| _‡i _‡i mvRv‡bv iƒ‡ci ¯Íe‡K HwZnvwmK I †fŠ‡MvwjK bv‡gi mv‡_ wg‡k‡Q iƒcK, AšÍwb©wnZ Zvrch©| A‡bK mgq, cÖvPxb I weL¨vZ bMi n‡q I‡V †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖZxK| †ev`‡jqvi e‡j‡Qb, Ck¦i-†cÖwiZ `ytL cÖvPxb cvjwgi bM‡ii nviv‡bv AjsKv‡ii Zzjbvq AwaK g~jëvb| Rxebvb›` ebjZv m¤^‡Ü e‡j‡Qb, ÔPzj Zvi K‡eKvi AÜKvi wew`kvi wbkv,/ gyL Zvi kÖve¯Íxi KviæKvh©|Õ e¯‘Z, ¯’vb-Kv‡ji êwPÎÏ Rwo‡q Av‡Q KweZvq DwjøwLZ bv‡gi mv‡_| wgki, e¨vwejb †_‡K e‡¤î Ryû weP, KjKvZvi AbwfRvZ jR, Avwnix‡Uvjv, ev`yoevMvb ch©šÍ cvV‡Ki hvÎv| mgv‡jvPK mywgZv PµeZx©i eqv‡b : wgki-e¨vwejb Zuvi KweZvq wb‡q Av‡m cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi ¯§„wZ †mŠif Avi Ave‡ni wewPÎ e¨Äbv| wKš‘ cÖvq KLbB Zuvi KweZvi c`cvVf‚wg nqwb fviZ Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †`k| gvjq I wmsn‡j GK`v we¯Í…Z n‡qwQj fviZ-ms¯‹…wZ| Z…Zxq cOw³i| Ôwew¤^mvi-A‡kv‡Ki a~mi RM‡ZÕ ejvi g‡aÏ †eŠ× a‡g©i mgybœwZ-Kv‡ji Bw½Z| `~i AZx‡Z wew¤^mv‡ii ey×-fw³‡Z, A‡kv‡Ki ag© we¯Ív‡i ˆgÎxi we¯Ívi N‡UwQj| †mB wek¦vmx mgqwU‡K AvaywbK Kv‡ji mskqcxwoZ Aw¯Í‡Z¡i wecix‡Z wZwb GKvwaK KweZvq eënvi K‡i‡Qb| (KweZvi AšÍi½cvV Ñ Rxebvb›`-Awgq PµeZx©-weòz †`, mywgZv PµeZx©) Rxebvb›` †Kej fviZ I Zvi cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì cUf‚wgKv iƒ‡c †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb, G-K_v nq‡Zv cy‡ivcywi mwVK bq| DËi Avwd«Kvi giæf‚wg †_‡K f‚ga¨mvM‡ii Kv‡Q `ªvÿveb me©Î Zuvi cwihvqx c`‡ÿc †Pv‡L c‡o| Z‡e evsjv I Zvici fviZ, Aek¨B

me©v‡MÖ| BwZnvm †_‡K cÖvK&-BwZnvm Aewa Zuvi hvÎv| Avw`g g¨vg‡_i Kv‡Q gvby‡li FY wZwb †fv‡jbwb| cÖ_g cÖv‡Yi iƒcI Zuvi mv‡_ Av‡Q| GK‡Kvlx Rxe A¨vwgev‡`i| c„w_ex‡K avÎxwe`¨v wkLv‡q‡Q hviv eûw`b †mB me Avw` A¨vwgeviv AvR cwinv‡m n‡q‡Q wejxb| (Ôg‡bvmiwYÕ) †cÖ‡g›`ª wgÎI GK KweZvq A¨vwgev‡K K‡i‡Qb †K›`ªwe›`y| AZxZ, eZ©gvb, fwel¨r, wÎKvj cvkvcvwk Av‡m| `xc¼i kÖxÁvb †h-c‡_ wZeŸZ hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb Av‡jvKewZ©Kv wb‡q, GLb Zv Ab¨iKg| wn›`ykv‡¯¿ weòzi beg AeZvi ey×, `kg I

†kl AeZvi Kwé| Kwéi AvMgb we‡k¦i aŸsmce©| †mB hyMB wK G‡m †M‡Q hy×weaŸ¯Í i³mœvZ c„w_ex‡Z? KiæYvgq ey× I fqven Kwéi g‡a¨ eëavb †Kv_vq? G-iKg †Kb n‡q †Mj Z‡e me ey‡×i g„Zzï ci Kwé G‡m ùvovevi Av‡M| (ÔfvweZÕ) AvaywbKZv, Zvi Avkv ev wech©q, mgmvgwqK NUbv wg‡j‡Q HwZ‡nï m‡½| Rvcv‡bi cÖ¯Íve ev cÖPvi Co-prosperity sphere-Gi welq| Gwkqvbiv GK‡RvU n‡e cwðgv kvmb I †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡×| wKš‘ Iw`‡K †h Rvcvb mvsnvB‡K weaŸ¯Í K‡i‡Q| Gwkqv wK Gwkqvevmxi †KvcÖm&‡cwiwUi m~h©‡èxi wbR cÖZxZxi Z‡i? (Ô†jvKmvgvb¨Õ) m~h© nq‡Zv w`‡bi, fwel¨‡Zi wPý, A_ev Dw`Z m~‡h©i †`k, †m-mgq AvMÖvmx Rvcv‡bi cÖZxK| wnUjvi, KzBmwjs GuivI †`Lv †`q| wb‡bf, e¨vwej‡bi DËim~wi iƒ‡c| GK Bs‡iR Kwe e‡j‡Qb, wb‡bf bMi ˆZwi n‡qwQj hyM hyM a‡i Kwe‡ì `xN© wbk¦vm w`‡q| Zvi cv‡k e‡¤î Ryû weP| K‡qKwU wPÎKí Ñ iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖkswmZ wPÎKí Ñ Rxebvb‡›ì eû wg_ I cÖK…wZi BwZnv‡mi bvbv w`K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| GK ZÕ mgy`ª! Rjivwk bMixi gvjv| Rjwmuwo, bxcvi, IWvi, ivBb, †iev, Kv‡eixi

(Ô`xwßÕ) my`„p, e„nËg wKQy b`xi mv‡_ wgwj‡q‡Qb Zuvi wbR¯^ Rjwmuwo| †Zgwb mgy‡`ªi AZjcyixi cv‡k D‡V Av‡m MÖvgevsjvi cwiwPZ cÖK…wZ| cÖqvY †Zvgvi cÖevjØx‡c, cjvi gvjv M‡j eiæY-ivYx wdi‡Q †h_v, Ñ gy³v-cÖ`xc R¡‡j! †h_vq †gŠb gxbKzgvixi k•L I‡V dzu‡K| NyNy nwiqvj-WvûK-kvwjL-MvOwPj-ey‡bvnuvm wbweo Kvb‡b ZwUbxi K‚‡j †W‡K hvq wd‡i wd‡i eû cyivZb cwiwPZ †mB m½x Avwmj wK †i| (ÔmvMi-ejvKvÕ) c„w_ex mgy`ª †_‡K G‡m‡Q| mgy`ª hLb Zx‡ii Ici AvQ‡o c‡o, ZLb g‡b nq †m †hb wb‡Ri ab wdwi‡q wb‡Z G‡m‡Q| G-K_v e‡j‡Qb gvwK©b Kwe d«÷| RjKb¨v, grm¨Kb¨v wb‡q wg_ ev Kvwnwb eû cÖPwjZ| AvaywbK †jLK‡`i g‡a¨ A¯‹vi IqvBì I n¨vÝ A¨vÛvimb weL¨vZ Mí wj‡L‡QbI we¯Íi| RjKb¨viv g~Z© Av‡Q †m †Wbgv‡K©i mgy`ªZx‡i| Rxebvb‡›`i RjKb¨vi Rb¨ hv wPiKvj Aaiv, inm¨gq, ZviB cÖZxÿv| cÖevj-cvj¼-cv‡k gxbbvix Xzjvq Pvgi!

g‡Zv jvj hvi Mvj, Pzj hvi kvO‡bi †gN, Avi AuvwL †Mva~wji gZ †Mvjvwc iwOb, Avwg †`wLqvwQ Zv‡i Nyg c‡_, ¯^‡cœ Ñ KZ w`b! (ÔWvwKqv Kwnj †gv‡i ivRvi `yjvjÕ) GLv‡b ÔAvwgÕ †K? †K Kv‡K ¯^‡cœ †`L‡Q? g„ZzïƒwcYx †h-bvix †`Lv †`q †Kv‡bv GK ¯^‡cœi Rv‡j, Ômvwcbxi gZ AvOz‡j Qy‡U‡Q Zvi K¼v‡ji iƒcÕ †m wK ÔgxbKzgvixÕi mv‡_ GKvZ¥? mgy`ª wK g„Zzï Avi GK iƒc? Ômy‡PZbvÕ‡ZI mgy`ª wg‡k hvq bvixi m‡½| Z‡e G †mB mvMi hv bvweK‡ì N‡i Av‡Rv mgy‡`ªi ci‡Z ci‡Z wg‡k Av‡Q cÖvPxb wKse`wšÍ ev BwZnv‡mi L¨vZbvgv bvwe‡Ki `j| hviv mgy`ªhvÎv K‡iwQj| †KD wd‡iwQj, †KD ev †d‡iwb| Pvwi w`‡K AjxK mvMi Ñ R¨vmb IwWwmqym wdwbwkq mv_©ev‡ni Aaxi Av‡jv, Ñ ag©v‡kv‡Ki wb‡Ri †Zv bq, AvcwZZKvj (ÔcUf‚wgiÕ) wdwbkxqiv wQj cÖvPxb hy‡M me‡P‡q `ÿ bvweK RvwZ| †Rmb I Aw`wmDm ev BDwjwmm wQ‡jb cÖvPxb wMÖK wg_jwRi Ab¨Zg exi‡ì g‡a¨ `yBRb| `yBRbB bvweK iƒ‡c weL¨vZ I AMÖMY¨| BDwjwmm wQ‡jb †nvgv‡ii wØZxq gnvKv‡eï bvqK| †Rmb‡K wb‡qI cÖvPxb Ges AvaywbK mvwn‡Z¨ A‡bK wKQy †jLv n‡q‡Q| myax›`ªbv‡_iI GK `xN© KweZvi bvqK †Rmb| BDwjwmm wQ‡jb Uªq hy‡× wMÖK †mbvcwZ‡ì GKRb| hy×v‡šÍ †`‡k †divi c‡_ wZwb cÖvq A‡a©K wek¦ Ny‡iwQ‡jb| eûevi wecbœ n‡qwQ‡jb ivRcyÎ †Rmb| ÔAv‡M©vÕ bv‡g Rvnv‡R mvw_‡ì wb‡q ejwPm †`‡k hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb †mvbvwj †fovi Pvgov Avb‡Z| †mLv‡b Rv`yKix ivRKb¨v †g‡`qvi m‡½ Zvi cÖYqeÜb N‡U| †g‡`qvi mvnv‡h¨ †Rmb †fovi Pvgov I beea~ †g‡`qv‡K wb‡q †`‡k wd‡iwQ‡jb| Zvici †Rmb ¯¿xi m‡½ wek¦vmNvZKZv Ki‡jb Avi †g‡`qv wbj fqven cÖwZ‡kva| †m Avi-GK Kvwnwb| wg‡_i RM‡Z BDwjwmm I †Rmb mgy`ªR‡qi cÖZxK| A‡kvK wb‡R Aek¨ mgy`ªhvÎv K‡ibwb| wKš‘ A‡bK‡K cvwV‡qwQ‡jb, †eŠ× ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨| cwðgv I fviZxq bvg wZbwU gvby‡li mv‡_ mgy‡`ªi m¤úK© ¯úó K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| BDwjwm‡mi Kvwnwb‡Z Av‡Q mvB‡ib‡ì K_v| Zv‡ì †gvngq msMxZ bvweK‡ì c_ fzwj‡q wb‡q hvq aŸs‡mi w`‡K| ILv‡bI nq‡Zv g„ZzïƒwcYx A‡bK bvixi Bw½Z Av‡Q| RjKb¨v‡ì Avevi †`wL| †mB Rj-†g‡q‡ì ¯Íb VvÐv, Ñ kv`v, Ñ ei‡di KzwPi gZb! Zvnv‡ì gyL †PvL wf‡R Ñ †dbvi †kwg‡R Zvnv‡ì kixi wcQj! Kuv‡Pi ¸uwoi g‡Zv wkwk‡ii Rj Puv‡ì ey‡Ki †_‡K S‡i DËi mvM‡i!

(ÔbvweKÕ)

(Ôci¯úiÕ)

gxbKzgvixi gZ †Kvb& `~i wmÜzi AZ‡j Ny‡i‡Q †m †gvi jvwM! Ñ D‡o‡Q †m Amx‡gi mxgv! (ÔWvwKqv Kwnj †gv‡i ivRvi `yjvjÕ) †k‡lv³ KweZvq †`wL Kvwnwbi g‡a¨ Kvwnwb, ¯^‡cœi g‡a¨ ¯^cœ|

WvwKqv Kwnj †gv‡i ivRvi `yjvj, Ñ Wvwjg dz‡ji g‡Zv †VuvU hvi, ivOv Av‡c‡ji

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KweZvi Îqx, ÔwgkiÕ, ÔwcivwgWÕ, ÔgiæevjyÕ ZviB cÖwZdjb| GLv‡b wgk‡ii ev giæcÖavb DËi Avwd«Kv GK ¯^cœ I ¯§„wZi RMr| cÖvPxb wgki †hb Nywg‡q-cov bvix| iæcvi KvwV Zv‡K Nyg cvwo‡q †i‡L‡Q| †Kv‡bv †mvbvi KvwV wK Zv‡K RvMv‡e? cÖvPxb wgk‡ii bvbv mycwiwPZ wb`k©b †mLv‡b Av‡Q| gwg, wcivwgW, wùs‡mi g~wZ©| Av‡Q Kwei hv ixwZ, wg_ I BwZnv‡mi wgkÖY| wùsK&m GK wgw_K¨vj Rxe| hvi wms‡ni †`n, bvixi gyL, cvwLi g‡Zv Wvbv hv in‡mï Lwb| KwVb auvavq †d‡j gvbyl‡K K‡i weåvšÍ, wecbœ| Bwmm, cÖvPxb wgk‡ii gvZ…‡èx| cÖL¨vZ dvivI, iv‡gwmm| Z‡e cÖvPx‡bi mv‡_ bexb ev wPišÍbI G‡m‡Q| Kjmx †Kv‡j bxjb‡`‡Z †h‡Z‡Q H bvix H c‡_‡Z Pj‡Z Av‡Q wb‡MÖv mvwi mvwi| Bqv¼x H, Ñ H qy‡ivcx-Px‡b-ZvZvi gyi †Zvgvi ey‡Ki cuvRi `Õ‡j Uj‡Z‡Q ûogyo Ñ †dwb‡q Zz‡j Lyb&Lvivwe Ñ †Ljvc Ñ Lei`vwi! w`‡bi Av‡jv wSwg‡q †Mj, Ñ AvKv‡k H Puv`! Ñ Pcj nvIqvq KuvKb Kuv`vq bxj b‡ìB euvU! wgki Qyuwo MvB‡Q wgVv ïwoLvbvi my‡i evjyi Lv‡Z, wcÖ‡qi mv‡_, Ñ †LRyie‡b `~‡i! Avwd«Kv GB, Ñ GB †h wgki, Ñ Rv`yi G †h duv`! (ÔwgkiÕ) GLv‡b GKw`‡K Av‡Q wgk‡ii Ici, Avwd«Kvi Ici evievi wewfbœ we‡`wk Avµg‡Yi †XD| †mvbvwj evjyivwk i‡³ ivOv n‡q hvIqv| Zvi cvkvcvwk ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb hv Kwei cwiwPZ Rxeb †_‡K Lye wfbœ wKQy bq| wgki Kzgvix Kjwm †Kv‡j, nv‡Zi KuvK‡b S¼vi Zz‡j bxj b` †_‡K Rj †Zv‡j, †hgb ewikv‡ji e½ea~ †Zv‡j nq‡Zv avbwmuwo b`x †_‡K| Ôwgki Quywo MvB‡Q wgVv ïwoLvbvi my‡iÕ g‡b Kwi‡q †`q KweiB Aci KÕwU cO&w³i K_v : †m †Kvb Qyuwoi Pzwo AvKvk-ïuwoLvbvq ev‡R! wPwbgvLv Qvqvq XvKv Pzbxi †Vuv‡Ui gv‡S (Ôe‡bi PvZK-g‡bi PvZKÕ) hy‡×i B‡gR †f‡m I‡V cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hyM †_‡K| Ôwkï gvbeÕ A_©vr Avw` gvbe hLb jovB KiZ fqven Rxe‡ì mv‡_| Zvici AmsL¨ giæ hy× gvby‡l gvby‡l| †Zv‡ì mv‡_ ÔWvB‡bvmy‡iÕi jovB nj KZ, Ñ Avjy_vjy jywU‡q evjyi WvBbx Qvqvi Z‡j ... ... ... `v‡bvq-cvIqv Av¸b`vbv, Ñ `viæY c‡_i gy‡L! Nv‡qj Kwi †g‡Ni eyiæR ejø‡gwi Ni, Dwoqv nvRvi ÔK¨viv‡fbÕ I Zv¤^ywkwei ey‡K, DwR‡q gixwPKvi wkLv Ñ KvjdYv RR©i, Ñ Uj‡Z AvwQm, Ñ `j‡Z AvwQm, Ñ R¡j‡Z AvwSm a~ a~! m‡½ m¨vOvZ Ñ giæi WvKvZ, Ñ ZvZvi hvhvei! ... ... ... GBLv‡b‡Z †bB‡Kv ì`, Ñ †bB‡Kv fvjevmv ek©v jvdvq, Ñ D‡Ui Mjvi NywÈ ïay ev‡R! dzwi‡q †M‡Q Avkv hv‡ì Ñ Rywo‡q †M‡Q R¡vjv, Avq †i evjyi ÔKvievjvÕ‡Z, AÜKv‡ii muv‡S! (ÔgiæevjyÕ) Ôhy×aŸ¯Í giæ, `my¨, †mbvbxÕ †hme wg_ I BwZnvm giæf‚wgi mv‡_ hy³, Zvi A‡bKUvB GLv‡b †`wL| m‡e©vcwi †kl cO&w³i ÔKvievjvÕ| Kvievjv wek¦-BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q weL¨vZ hy‡×i GKwU| RvwiMvb, mvwiMvb, gxi gkviid †nv‡m‡bi welv`-wmÜz

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wZb

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Pvi

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Ggb n‡ZB cv‡i| mvZ eQi n‡q †Mj evwo‡Z Av‡mwb Iiv| Rxe‡bi c¨vUvb© GLb A‡bK e`‡j †M‡Q Ñ K_vwU evewj cÖvqB e‡j| hvi ¯‹z‡ji bvg wQj †kÖôv| Z‡e †kÖqvi e¨vcviUv AbïKg| †ivgvb nwj‡W †`‡L GL‡bv wknwiZ nq| fv‡jv jvMvi †ivgv‡Â kixi-gb f‡i hvq| GiciI cyi‡bv ¯§„wZi Qvqvq gb Avbgbv n‡q hvq| †Kv_vq Ii †mB ¯^‡cœi evwo? ¯§„wZi MÜgvLv †mB evwowU †Kv_vq nvwi‡q †Mj? EbwÎk eQi Av‡M wgR©vRv½v‡ji evwoi †MU w`‡q Xz‡KwQj †kÖqv, nvRvi eywUi †ebviwm ci‡b, gv_vq Rwi-PzgwKi KvR Kiv Iobv| evwoi †fZ‡i gw›`‡ii mvg‡b ùvwo‡q k¦ïigkvB e‡jwQ‡jb Ñ wZwb Avgv‡ì Kzj‡èZv `v‡gvì, cÖYvg K‡iv gv| wec‡`-Avc‡` wZwbB †Zvgv‡ì iÿv Ki‡eb| wmsnvm‡bi kvjMÖvg wkjv‡K cÖYvg K‡iwQj †kÖqv| Gici †h-NiwU‡Z cv ivLj †m-N‡ii †g‡S wQj jvj A·vB‡Wi| gvSLv‡b meyR, mv`v Avi njy` i‡Oi Avjcbv| kvïwo Av`y‡i Mjvq e‡jwQ‡jb, G †Zvgv‡ì Ni eDgv| A‡Pbv gvby‡li Avb›` Kj‡iv‡j MgMg Ki‡Q mvivevwo| Aíeqmx †kÖqvi g‡b f‡qi `vbv evmv †eu‡awQj| Z‡e fq †divwi n‡q wM‡qwQj ¯^vgx-mvnP‡h©, eis gayi n‡q D‡VwQj w`b-ivZ| G- cyiælwU GKvšÍB wb‡Ri, G-†f‡e UBU¤^yi n‡q D‡VwQj gb| cÖ_g mKvj fv‡jv jvMvq f‡i D‡V‡Q| Rvbvjv Ly‡j †kÖqv †`L‡Z †c‡qwQj evwoi †cQb w`KUv| UjU‡j cyKzi, Pvicvk wN‡i KjvMv‡Qi mvwi, Puvcv-MÜivR-mÜ¨vgvjwZ, Rev Avi i½b dz‡ji MvQ| A‡bKUv RvqMv Ry‡o ey‡bv †Svc; Zv‡Z ey‡bv dzj dz‡U Av‡Q| `viæY †j‡MwQj Zvi| cÖfvwZ Av‡jvq evwowUi m‡½ ïf`„wó n‡jv †kÖqvi| cÖ_g `k©‡bB wcÖq n‡q D‡VwQj cyi‡bv auv‡Pi G-evwowU| GB gyn~‡Z© evwoi Pvicv‡k ZvwK‡q Amnvq‡eva Ki‡Z _v‡K| wcÖq evwowU Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv †bB, UjU‡j cyKzi fivU n‡q †M‡Q| GLv‡b D‡V‡Q wZbZjv evwo| A‡Pbv GKRb †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q RvqMvwU wewµ Kiv n‡q‡Q, evwoi †fZ‡ii As‡k evB‡ii †jv‡Ki cÖ‡ekvwaKvi Ñ G †Kgb wWwmkb wbj evwoi mevB? kvïwogvI GKevi †dv‡b Rvbv‡jb bv? Awf‡lKI GKB m‡½ fve‡Z _v‡K| evev P‡j †M‡Qb| AvZ¥m¤§vb‡eva fxlY cÖLi wQj Zvi| GL‡bv †Zv gv i‡q‡Qb Ñ ïay ZvB bq, †QvU `yfvB Acy-Aby i‡q‡Q| GQvov eo‡Q‡j ev eofvB wn‡m‡e †KD Zv‡K Rvbv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡iwb| Avðh©! nu¨v, MZ mvZ eQi wZwb evwo‡Z Av‡mbwb, Gi KviYI wQj| Acgvb †Zv wQjB, eyKfiv AwfgvbI n‡qwQj Awf‡l‡Ki| eyeyb hLb nvqvi ÷vwW‡Ri Rb¨ A‡÷ªwjqv †Mj, ZLb UvKvi Rb¨ †dvb K‡iwQ‡jb Awf‡lK| Ac‡ik ¯’vbxq GK Awd‡m PvKwi K‡i, weR‡bm i‡q‡Q Zvi| evevi welq-m¤úwË †`Lv‡kvbv †m-B K‡i| Avi GUv †Zv Awf‡l‡Ki b¨vh¨ cvIbv| fvB‡qiv ejj, evwo‡Z G‡mv, hv cvwi †Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ Kie `v`v| Pvi-cuvPw`b _vKvi ci Awb‡gl wR‡Ám K‡ib, Avgvi †Zv QywU †kl †i Aby| AvMvgxKvj XvKvq wdi‡ZB n‡e| Acy‡K ej hv †nvK wKQy w`‡q Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z| GRb¨B †Zv Gjvg| mvivw`b †K‡U hvq, m`ve¨¯Í Ac‡ik K_v ejvi Avi my‡hvM cvq bv| mÜ¨v‡ejv Awb‡gl‡K w`‡q wnmv‡ei KvMR cvVvq| Muv‡qi evwoi welq-m¤úwË †_‡K Avq n‡q‡Q wZb jvL UvKv, e¨q n‡q‡Q cuvP jvL UvKv| G-e¨vcv‡i gv G‡Kev‡iB Pzc| ciw`b †Uª‡b D‡V ¯îwPZ

†h-cÖkœ¸‡jv †kÖqv Avi Awf‡l‡Ki g‡b †dwb‡q D‡VwQj, hw` GKwU cqmvI Avgv‡K bv †èvi gb¯’ K‡i _v‡Kv †Zv evwo‡Z Avm‡Z ej‡j †Kb? wZb jvL UvKv Avq hw` n‡q _v‡K, †mLvb †_‡KI wK Avgvi cvIbv wQj bv? †kÖqv fve‡jb, wZb jvL UvKv Avq n‡j cuvP jvL UvKv e¨q Ki‡j †Kb? k¦ïigkvB‡qi mšÍvb wK †Zvgiv GKvB? eo †Q‡j bq? Gfv‡e wM‡q G‡Kev‡i k~b¨ nv‡Z wd‡i G‡jb Ñ G-Acgv‡b weÿZ n‡Z _v‡K `yRbvi ey‡Ki †fZi| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ G‡j Avdmvbv Avcvi K_v evievi g‡b c‡o hvq Awf‡l‡Ki| welq n‡jv wel wKsev weË-êfe AvcbRb‡KI ci K‡i †`q| cÖvq mvZwU eQi ci Avevn‡bi WvK ï‡b Avevi G‡m‡Qb `yRb| wkK‡oi cÖwZ Uvb Kvi bv _v‡K? ˆkke-ˆK‡kv‡ii gwbiiZœLwPZ mgq¸‡jv myL¯§„wZ n‡q mvivRxeb gvbyl‡K Rwo‡q iv‡L| bvbv Acgvb wKsev eyKfiv Awfgvb _vKv m‡Ë¡I wVK Av‡Mi g‡Zv WvK‡j Awf‡lK wKQy‡ZB gvqvfiv G-WvK D‡cÿv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wR‡Ám K‡i‡Qb, †Kb †i, e¨vcviwU Kx? we‡kl †Kv‡bv KvR? Ly‡jB ej Acy| Ac‡ik e‡j‡Q, †Zvgv‡K mvicÖvBR w`‡Z PvB| GLbB †Lvjvmv K‡i wKQy ejv hv‡e bv| Pv‡q PzgyK w`‡Z w`‡Z †kÖqv A‡bK †f‡e‡Q| mvicÖvBR? bZzb Avi Kx mvicÖvBR Acy Avi Aby †`Lv‡e? kvïwo me Rv‡bb, †ev‡Sb Ñ †Kv‡bv mgq wZwb †Kv‡bv gšÍe¨ K‡ib bv| wbi‡cÿ n‡qB _v‡Kb| GKeviI wZwb e‡jbwb, eyeyb we‡`‡k hv‡e, me mgqB †Zv †Zviv RvqMv-Rwg wewµ Kwim, MvQ-MvQvwj wewµ K‡i †kl K‡i w`w”Qm Ñ Ggb mgq Awf‡K wKQy UvKv w`‡q mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvwim bv! bvn& Ñ KL‡bv wZwb Ggb K_v D”PviY K‡ibwb| †kÖqvi †ÿvf G-RvqMvUzKz‡ZB| g‡b nq wZwb I‡ì fv‡jvev‡mb, Avevi ev‡mbI bv| ïay wK GKevi? evievi Iiv Ggb K‡i‡Q| GKevi evwo‡Z wM‡q †`L‡jb, evwoi wewµ Kiv MvQMvQvwj w`‡q dvwb©Pvi ˆZwi n‡”Q| `y‡Uv †Wªwms †Uwej, Wvej †eW LvU, Avjgvwi, wiwWs †Uwej, `y-fvB‡qi g‡a¨ fvM n‡e dvwb©Pvi| eo †Q‡j Awf‡l‡Ki †Kv‡bv VuvB †bB G-msmv‡i? cÖKvivšÍ‡i ¯^vgx‡K Kv‡Q †c‡q †kÖqv e‡j, `¨v‡Lv Ñ Kx Avðh© GB msmvi| nVvr K‡i Gjvg e‡j †`L‡Z †cjvg †Zvgvi `yfvB‡qi KxwZ©| †Kb Zzwg wK GB cwiev‡ii †KD bI? †eu‡P _vK‡ZB †Zvgv‡K-Avgv‡K ev` w`‡q w`‡jv| gvI n‡q‡Qb Ggb, wZwb Ávbcvcx Ñ me Rv‡bb-†ev‡Sb A_P wKQyB e‡jb bv| gy‡Lvkciv gvbyl| Pvcv Mjvq agK †`q Awf‡lK Ñ gv‡qi K_v wKQy ej‡e bv Zzwg| Kÿ‡bv bv| GL‡bv gv? †kÖqvi †Vuv‡Ui †Kv‡Y we`ªƒ‡ci nvwm Sz‡j _v‡K| evewji we‡qi mgq kvïwo‡K Rvbv‡bv n‡j wZwb e‡jb, Ñ fv‡jv †Q‡j †c‡qQ, GK`g †`wi Ki‡e bv, K_vevZ©v e‡j †WU wVK K‡i Avgv‡K Rvbv‡e| evwoi cÖ_g bvZwbi we‡q n‡e, Avwg UvKv-cqmv, ZË¡ mvRv‡bvi bvi‡Kj-ÿx‡ii QuvP-m‡›`k me wb‡q Avme| Zzwg wPšÍv K‡iv bv eDgv| mwZ¨ wek¦vm K‡iwQj †kÖqv| Avkxe©v` †Mj, AvBey‡ov fvZ LvIqv‡bv, Mv‡qnjy`, †g‡qwj me AvPvi-Abyôvb, we‡qi

Avb›`gq ivZ †K‡U †Mj Ñ evwo †_‡K †KD G‡jv bv| evewj P‡j †Mj c‡ii N‡i Ñ G-Acgvb, G-`ytL fzj‡Z cv‡iwb †kÖqv| †kÖqv evievi e‡j ¯^vgx‡K, GL‡bv I‡`i wek¦vm Ki‡e? Awf‡lK GLb Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv ¯¿xi cÖwZ R¡‡j I‡V bv| fv‡e, `~‡i _vK‡jB wK i‡³i m¤ú‡K© fvOb a‡i! weË-ˆefe wK `~iZ¡ m„wó K‡i wcÖq cwiR‡bi gv‡S? Avdmvbv Avcvi K_vB nq‡Zv wVK|

wZb

cvovi gvwmgv wbfvbbx †`Lv Ki‡Z G‡jb| nvwmgy‡L e‡jb, KZw`b ci G‡j †Zvgiv| Rvwb A‡bK VwK‡q‡Q †Zvgv‡ì| Z‡e a‡g©i Kj evZv‡m b‡o †kÖqv| †Zvgv‡ì Avevi Avevnb K‡i Avbj| Ñ Avevnb? Ñ bq‡Zv Kx? K_vwU ï‡b fv‡jv jvMj, `y‡PvL wf‡R hvq nVvr| eyeyb-evewj ZLb †QvU, ¯‹z‡ji QywUQvUv co‡j P‡j AvmZ Iiv wm‡jU kn‡ii wgR©vRv½‡ji evmvq| A‡bKLvwb RvqMv Ry‡o wekvj evwo, cvovi mgeqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì m‡½ Iiv †QvUvQywU KiZ| D‡Vv‡b w¯‹wcs KiZ| XvKvi evmvq Qov‡bv RvqMv †bB; G-eqmUvq eyeyb-evewj‡K †QvUvQywU Ki‡Z †`‡L Lye fv‡jv jvMZ †kÖqvi| Z‡e gbUv Lvivc n‡q †hZ Ab¨ GKwU e¨vcvi †`‡L| myÜ‡Km Uªwje¨vM wb‡q cyi‡bv Kv‡Ri †jvK ax‡ib-nxiæ Iiv eo Ni, †h-NiwU‡Z k¦ïi-kvïwogv _vK‡Zb Ñ †m-N‡i G‡b WuvB K‡i †i‡L w`Z| †Kvb N‡i Zv‡ì wRwbmcÎ ivL‡e Ñ G-A‡cÿvq wMwbœgvi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vKZ| gv‡qi wb‡`©‡ki Rb¨| jvj A·vB‡Wi †g‡Si †mB wcÖq NiwU ZZw`‡b P‡j †M‡Q †èi Ac‡ik-Acyi `L‡j| `y-Pviw`‡bi Rb¨ evwo‡Z G‡jI NiwU †m wKQy‡ZB QvoZ bv| AwaKvi Avi Dcw¯’wZ bv _vK‡j †h me †e`Lj n‡q hvq, †mwU †Ui †cZ †kÖqv| Ac‡ik-Awb‡gl-Acy-Aby I‡ì wbw`©ó Ni i‡q‡Q _vKvi| nu¨v, evwo‡Z †Zv wbR¯^ Ni _vK‡eB, Zvn‡j ïay Awf‡lK-†kÖqvi emev‡mi Ni _vK‡e bv †Kb? k¦ïigkvB †h-NiwU‡Z eDgv‡K wb‡q G‡m e‡j‡Qb, GwU †Zvgv‡ì Ni, †m-NiwU †egvjyg Acyi Ni n‡q †Mj! ¯^vgx †h ewÂZ n‡”Q Ñ G-K_v †Pv‡L AvOzj w`‡q †evSv‡Z †M‡j wZ³Zvi m„wó nq msmv‡i| †kÖqv GKw`b e‡j‡Q, †Zvgvi gv mewKQy †`‡LI †Kgb wbwj©ß _v‡Kb| Avm‡j Acy-Aby Ibvi wb‡Ri, †Zvgvi †Zv †KD bb| Lye ivM K‡i‡Q Awf‡lK G-K_v ï‡b| Lei`vi †kÖqv, gv m¤ú‡K© Kÿ‡bv Zzwg wKQy ej‡e bv| wKQyUv Awfgv‡b, wKQyUv Acgv‡b Gici †_‡K Avi †Kv‡bvw`bI †kÖqv evwoi e¨vcv‡i K_v e‡jwb| †h ewÂZ n‡”Q †R‡b cÖwZev` K‡i bv, †h ïay fv‡jvevmvq gv-fvB‡ì K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z Av‡e‡M †f‡m hvq Ñ Zxeª-Zxÿè AvNvZ bv †c‡j gMœ‰PZb¨ †_‡K †m KL‡bv RvM‡e bv| mvZ eQi ci evwo‡Z G‡m †`Lj †kÖqv PvKwP‡Kï †RŠjym Ñ ZLb wK DËz‡i nvIqvi g‡Zv ey‡Ki †fZi G‡m SvcUv †`q bv Ñ eyey‡bi A‡÷ªwjqv hvIqvi Av‡Mi w`b¸‡jvi K_v? evewji we‡qi mgqKvi K_v? wnmve-wbKvk Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avb‡›ì we›`ygvÎ †ik †m Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡iwb †mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z| eyeyb †dv‡b cÖvqB e‡j, †Zvgvi wK‡mi Afve gv!

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ingZ kieZAvjv evB‡iZ †_Kv ûBbv AvB‡Q kwi‡di †cqvigneŸ‡Zi K_v| evwoZ Avqv eo eD‡i WvBKv Kq Ñ ÔAvB, †Ziv †eUv kwid evûZ G¾vZKv Kvg Kviivnv| evwoKv mvg‡b Awcmvi kvjv iv‡nZvwb, I‡bvKv †QvUv †ewU nvqwb, IB LvbwKKv †ewUKv mv‡_ †Ziv †eUv gneŸvZ KviZv| Zz KzQ RvbwZ?Õ (IB, Zi †cvjv kwid eûZ B¾‡Zi Kvg KiZv‡Q| evwoi mvg‡b Awcmvi nvjv _v‡K bv, A‡Mv †QvU gvBqv Av‡Q bv, IB LvbwKi gvBqvi j‡M Zi †cvjv gneŸZ K‡i| ZzB wKQy RvbQ?) kwi‡di gv Rv‡b bv ûBbv KBj Ñ ÔZz Kvnv‡m Rv‡bwM? Zz †Zv LvwZ Avi †kv‡b RvbwZ| †evjv †Ziv †eUv‡Kv| LvbwKKv †eUvKv MvoKv Qvj AvR IVv Wv‡j‡½|Õ (ZzB KBZ&‡_ Rvbwe? ZzB †Zv LvBevi Avi ûBevi RvbQ| WvK Zi †cvjv‡i| LvbwKi †cvjvi †nvMvi Qvj AvBRKv DVvqv dvjvgy|) kwi‡di gv KB‡jv Ñ ÔD †Zv Nvi‡g nvBwb| Av‡b‡m AvcKv cvm †fR †`‡½|Õ (IB †Zv N‡i bvB| AvB‡j Avc‡bi Kv‡Q cvVvqv w`gy|) ivB‡Z eo †cvjv mvËvi evwo‡Z Avn‡bi ev‡` Ai eo Av¤§v, evc †h me RvBbv †M‡Q eo †cvjv‡i me KB‡jv| †cvjv ev‡ci N‡i hvqv XzK‡jv Ñ ÔAveŸv Avc wb›` AvMv‡q?Õ (AveŸv Avc‡b Nygvqv †M‡Qb?) Ñ ÔbvB Zz †giv mvg‡b Av| †Ziv †QvUv‡b †Kqv Kvwi‡m? wgm‡Kv gy †`Lv‡bKv jv‡qK ivKwL‡m? IB Awcmvi kvjv, I‡bvKv KB AvIKvZ nvq †giv mvg‡b Lvov †nv‡bKv? †givZv‡i †ivwcqv I‡bvKv nvq? kvjv, I‡bv †giv mv_ †Mvgvb †`LvZv|Õ (bv, ZzB Avgvi mvg‡b Avq| Zi †QvUUv Kx Ki‡Q? Avgvi gyL †`Lv‡bi jv‡qK ivL‡Q? IB Awdmvi nvjv‡Mv Kzby AvIKvZ Av‡Q Avgvi mvg‡b Lvov‡bi? A‡Mv Avgvi g_b U¨vKv Av‡Q? nvjv, Aiv Avgvi j‡M ¸gvb †`Lvq|) Ñ ÔAveŸv Avc GZbv †mvwP‡q gvZ| mve wVK †nv hv‡qMv| g¨vq †QvUv‡Kv mvgSv †`‡½| AveŸv Avc wb›` AvB‡q, g¨vq hv‡Z|Õ (AveŸv Avc‡b G‡Zv †mvP KB‡ib bv| me wVK nqv hvB‡evMv| Avwg †QvU‡i eySvqv w`gy‡b|) Ñ Ônv hv, Avi †Ziv †QvUv Av¤§v‡Kv †fR †`|Õ (n hv, Avi Zi †QvU Av¤§v‡i cvVvqv †`|) ev‡ci Ni †_Kv evBivqv mvËvi †`‡L kwid ev‡i›`vq Lvovqv| eo fvB‡i †Pv‡Li Bkvivq wRMvq Ñ ev‡c Kx KB‡Q| eoUvq KBj Ñ Ô†mvP gvZ, mve wVK †nv hv‡qMv, g¨vq nvqwb? evwi †fvi‡Kv AveŸvKv †`j †`gvM Av”Qv iv‡nZv, †giv mv‡_

hv‡K Zz AveŸvKv cvI‡g †M‡iMv|Õ (wPšÍv KwiQ bv, me wVK nqv hvB‡ev, Avwg AvwQ bv| Lye wenv‡b AveŸvi gb-wgRvR fvjv _v‡K| Avgvi mv‡_ hvqv ZzB AveŸvi cv‡q cowe|) ev‡ì w`b wenv‡b kieZAvjvi `yB eD bv¯Ív LvI‡bi I‡³ †KVv cvwb w`‡ev, †KVv AvÛv fzb‡ev nwiwc jvBMv hvq| gvMvi ingZ wgqv Pv-Uv LvB‡ev †QvU eDi nv‡Z| †cvjviv Rv‡b A‡Mv †QvU Av¤§v mvg‡b _vK‡j ev‡ci gb-wgRvR fvjv _v‡K| mvËvi kwid‡i wjqv ev‡ci mvg‡b `yB PUKvbv gvBiv Kq Ñ ÔAveŸvKv cvI cvKvo‡K gvd gv½|Õ (AveŸvi cvI aBiv gvd Pv|) kwid ev‡ci cvI aBiv Kv›`b ïiæ KBiv w`‡jv| †QvU eD KBj Ñ ÔAvc ivwR †nv hvB‡q, †ewU jv‡b‡m Awdmvi AvcKv cvm wbPv †nv hv‡qMv| Avc jvoKvKv evc|Õ (Avc‡b ivwR nqv hvb| gvBqv Avb‡j Awcmvi Avc‡bi Kv‡Q wbPv nqv hvB‡ev| Avc‡b †cvjvi evc|) ingZ kieZAvjv eDi K_v ûBbv Lywk nqv †M‡Q| †Pqvi †_Kv dvj w`qv Lvovqv eo †cvjv‡i Kq Ñ ÔBweŸ wi¯ÍvKv cvqMvg †j‡K †gvZvmv †fR|Õ (ALwb wi¯Ív Ki‡bi cqMvg wjqv †gvZvmv cvVv|) `yB w`b ev‡` iweevi AvwQj, kwi‡di ev‡c AvjvDwÏb wgVvB‡qi †`vKv‡b digvBk w`qv GK †mi IR‡bi GK GKUv PgPg, wek ev‡· wekUv PgPg w`qv †gvZvmv‡i cvVvB‡Q Rev‡Mv evwo| †gvZvmv †Zv diKvB‡Z diKvB‡Z wgVvB wjqv hvqv nvwRi, †mvdv‡m‡U eqv Kq, ÔRjw` Avgvi †jMv GK †Mjvm †j¤^yi kieZ evbvqv Av‡bb| Av`gY wgVvB UvBbv Avwg †c‡ikvb nqv †MwQ| †`‡Lb KZ eo eo wgVvB|Õ Revi evc-gv nv nqv ZvKvqv iB‡Q| Kx nBZv‡Q wKQy eySevi cviZv‡Q bv| †gvZvmv Kq, ÔAvc‡bi gvBqv †Zv Pvb Kcvj, ivRivwb nBe| ingZ kieZAvjv Avc‡bi gvBqvi j‡M Ai †cvjv kwi‡di weqvi cqMvg cvVvB‡Q|Õ GZ¶‡Y Aiv eySevi cvij †h gZjeUv Kx| Gi ev‡` Revi ev‡c KBj, ÔAvcwb GB wgwó wb‡q GLwb P‡j hvb Avi Dwb fve‡jb Kx K‡i †h Avwg Avgvi †g‡q‡K GKUv Awkw¶Z cwiev‡i we‡q †`‡ev|Õ †gvZvmv wKQy KI‡bi †Kvwkk KiwQj, gvMvi Bgyb `veovwb w`‡Q †h †gvZvmv evwoZ †_Kv QyBUv cjvB‡Q| Revi gvq KB‡jv, ÔAvcwb wgwó¸‡jv wb‡q hvb|Õ Rev †Zv mvg‡bB AvwQj, Lvovqv meB †`L‡Q| evc KBj, ÔZzwg †fZ‡i hvI|Õ kwid evwo‡Z eqv iB‡Q| †LvkLei ûb‡bi †jMv| kieZAvjv ev‡i›`vq †Pqv‡i eqv Z¯‘wi‡Z Pv XvBjv dziæZ dziæZ KBiv Pv LvBZv‡Q Avi †Uc‡iK‡W BwÛqvb evnvi wm‡bgvi Mvb ûbZv‡Q Ñ mvBqv w`j‡g Avbv †i Av‡K wdibv hvbv †i ... Qvg Qvgv Qvg Qvg| †gvZvmv wgVvB¸wj †nuPovB‡Z †nuPovB‡Z wjqv Avqv ev‡i›`vq ac KBiv eqv Kv›`b ïiæ Ki‡Q| ingZ kieZAvjv wgVvB †`BLvB Av›`vR KBiv dvjvB‡Q| †P‡niv jvj Anb ïiæ Ki‡Q| †cvjvcvb me‡Z GB ìRv IB ìRv w`qv dzPwK w`qv †`LZv‡Q| †gvZvmv Kvb‡Z Kvb‡Z KIb ïiæ Kij, ÔAvgvi †R‡›`wM‡Z GZ weqv jvMvBwQ, gvMvi G‡Zv †eB¾wZ Kzbyw`b Awn bvB| eoeo gvbyl Avgv‡i KZ B¾Z †`q|Õ Gi ev‡` Revi ev‡c hv KB‡Q IBUvi j‡M evbvqv-Pzbvqv KIb ïiæ Kij| Avc‡biv GwKb Ki‡eb bv, †gvZvmvi gy‡L me ûBbv GB RuvnvevR g`©vbv wKQyB KB‡jv bv| †gvZvmv‡i cÂvkUv U¨vKv nv‡Z w`qv KBj, GB K_v whgyb evB‡i dv‡qk bv K‡i| GK ev· wgVvBwe nv‡Z w`qv w`‡Q| †gvZvmv evwoi evB‡i Avqv weoweovqv Kq, ÔG‡Zv¸wb wgVvB

UvBbv wjqv †Mjvg Avbjvg, `yB ev·we w`‡jv bv|Õ ingZ kieZAvjv N‡i hvqv `yB †cvjv‡i WvKj, mvËvi Avi kwid N‡i XzK‡bi ev‡` KBj, Ô`v‡ivRv jvMv|Õ (`iRv e›` Ki|) Zvici kwi‡di w`‡K ZvKvqv KBj, ÔAvMvi Zz †giv RvbvKv †eUv nvq, †Zv GB †QvMwi‡Kv GB evwoKv eD Kvi‡K †`LvMv| bvB‡Zv †Zv‡gv‡Kv †Ziv gv †mvÏv †bKvj †`‡½| Avi †kvb mvËvi, Zz MvIqv ivnv|Õ (hw` ZzB Avgvi Rb‡gi †cvjv nqv _vKQ, ZvB‡j GB †Qwo‡i GB evwoi eD KBiv †`Lvwe| bvB‡j Z‡Mv Zi gv myÏv evwoZ †_Kv evBi KBiv w`gy| ûb mvËvi, ZzB mv¶x iBwj|) Gi ev‡` kwid‡Mv evwoi †`vZvjvi ev‡i›`vq kwid Avi AvBZ bv| Revi evc-gvq eûZ Lywk| w`‡j myKzb cvB‡Q, Revi ev‡c Kq, ÔGKUv e¨vcvi †`‡LQ Revi gv, Iiv Kx iKg Pzc n‡q †M‡Q|Õ gvMvi gvBqv †h Z‡j Z‡j Q¨vovi j‡M jvBb wVKB ivL‡Q| IBUv Ai evc-gvq eySevi cv‡i bvB| K‡j‡Ri mvg‡b A‡Mv ni‡ivR †gvjvKvZ nBZv‡Q| mv‡nwji nvZ w`qv wPwVwe w`Zv‡Q| GKw`b †`Lv †Mj mvg nqv †M‡Q Zvwewe Rev K‡jR †_Kv wdiv Av‡n bvB| gvi wfZi ûû KBiv DVZv‡Q| gvBqvi N‡i hvqv †`‡L, †Qwo GKUv KvM‡R †jBLv †M‡Q, Ñ Ôgv Avgv‡K †LuvRvi †Póv K‡iv bv| Avgvi wbe©vwPZ c‡_ Avgv‡K †h‡Z `vI|Õ Avjgmve evwoZ Avn‡bi ev‡` Revi gv wPwVUv †`LvBj| gvbyl cvVvqv Lei jqv †`‡L Rev IBLv‡bwe hvq bvB| †Qov evwoZ NyiZv‡Q| Avcbv †eMvbv me‡Z‡i Lei w`qv AvbvBj| me‡Z _vbvq †M‡Q wi‡cvU †jLevi| _vbvi `v‡ivMv Kq PweŸk NÈvi Av‡M wi‡cvU †jLe bv| Giv nB‡Q Awcmvi gvbyl, Dc‡iwe †Zv G‡Mv nvZ Av‡Q| Dc‡iZ‡_ w`‡Q †Vjv, Zvi ev‡` wi‡cvU †jL‡Q| KBjI, Ñ ÔAvgiv †`Le|Õ GBw`‡K kieZAvjv _vbvq †UKv w`qv ivL‡Q, Zv †KD Rv‡b bv| IB ivBZ †Zv Kzby iK‡g cvi nB‡Q| wenv‡b Rev‡Mv evwoi gvbyl †`‡L kwid‡Mv evwo‡Z whgyb weqv jvBMv †M‡Q| †Rv‡i †Rv‡i Mvb evRZv‡Q| iv›`b nBZv‡Q eveywP© w`qv| Avi kieZAvjvq †Zv evwoi †M‡Ui mvg‡b †Pqvi jvMvqv wenvb mvZUv †_Kv eqv iB‡Q Avi Gi-Ii j‡M MvejvBZv‡Q| `yc&d‡i †`Lv †Mj kieZAvjvi evwo †_Kv GKUv †imKv f¨v‡b KBiv GK W¨vM weivwb KB Rvwb hvBZv‡Q| Rev‡Mv evwoi PvKiUv AvwQj eûZ †mqvbv| Q¨vovq f¨v‡bi wc‡Q wc‡Q hvqv DVj mvZ iIRvq ingZ kieZAvjvi nDi evwo| iv¯Ívq A‡Mv evwoi †cvjvcvb †Mv gy‡L ûBbv AvB‡Q KvBjKv ivB‡Z kwi‡di j‡M GK †Qwoi weqv nB‡Q| eD GB evwo‡ZB Av‡Q| GBUv ûBbv Q¨vov †jŠo cvi‡Z cvi‡Z Avjgmv‡ei evwo‡Z Avqv me Lei KBj| me‡Z eyBSv †M‡Q, Rev IB evwo‡ZB Av‡Q| IBw`b `yc&d‡i me‡Z LvBevi eB‡Q| eo gvgvwb evBov eyBov wLjvBZv‡Q| cyiv evwo weivwbi †Lvk‡ev‡Z fBiv †M‡Q| gi`Mbiv me‡Z Kv‡g-Kv‡R evB‡i| Bgyb I‡³ `v‡ivMv, cywjk, gvbylRb wjqv Revi ev‡c gogovqv evwoi wfZ‡i XzBKv †M‡Q| evwoi Rvbvbviv Rev‡i wjqv N‡ii `iRv jvMvqv eqv iB‡Q| eo gvgy Lei cvqv `yB-PvBiRb GjvKvi gyiæweŸ‡Mv wjqv nvwRi| Revi ev‡c KBZv‡Q, ÔAvwg GKUz Revi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z PvB|Õ Rev we V¨vUvwg KBiv eqv iB‡Q| †`Lv Ki‡ev bv| eo gvgy me‡Z‡i N‡i wjqv envBj| bv¯Ív-cvwb me‡Zi mvg‡b w`‡jv, KBj, ÔAvc‡biv GKUz wKQy gy‡L †`b| Rev AvBZv‡Q|Õ Rev‡i KBj, ÔhvI †Zvgvi ev‡ci j‡M †`Lv KBiv †Zvgvi Kx KI‡bi Kqv Avn|Õ eo gvgy Avi kwi‡di j‡M Rev

evc-PvPv‡Mv mvg‡b Avqv LvovBj| Revi evc gvBqv‡i wmbvq mvUvqv Kx †h Kv›`b| Avi KBZv‡Q, ÔRev gv, Zzwg Avgvi mv‡_ P‡jv| Ggb fzj A‡b‡KB K‡i| GL‡bv mgq Av‡Q GB fzj †kvaiv‡bvi| Zzwg evmvq P‡jv|Õ Rev KBj, ÔAvgvi we‡q n‡q †M‡Q| Avwg Avgvi ¯^vgxi mv‡_ _vKe|Õ dzcv gv_vq nvZ eyjvqv KZ Avì KBiv eySvBj, Ômvg‡b †Zvgvi Rxe‡bi j¤^v mgq c‡o Av‡Q| gvgwY RxebUv †Q‡j‡Ljv bq| Zzwg Avgv‡ì mv‡_ P‡jv|Õ Revi GK K_v, IB hvB‡ev bv| k¨vlg¨vk Aiv weqvi Kvweb †`Levi PvB‡jv| Kvweb †`BLv Revi ev‡ci gv_vUv wbPv nqv †Mj| GKRb gyiæweŸ KBj, ÔKx Avi Ki‡eb, GLb †Zv wKQy Ki‡bi bvB| A‡Mv †`vqv K‡ib, whgyb myKz‡bi j‡M †R‡›`wMUv weZvBevi cv‡i|Õ Revi ev‡c gyLUv Kvjv KBiv me‡Z‡i wjqv evBi nqv †Mj| IBw`b ivB‡ZB ingZ kieZAvjv †cvjv Avi †cvjvi eD‡i wb‡Ri evwoZ wjqv AvBj| evwoi †QvUeo, cq-†cvjvcvb Rev‡i wjqv wNiv aij| me‡Z †h Kx Lywk| kwi‡di eo Av¤§v QqUv wbivjv †mvbvi evZvbv nv‡Z wc›`vqv †cvjvi eDi gyL †`Lj| †QvU Av¤§v cuvP fwii †mvbvi nvi Mjvq wc›`vqv, Kcv‡j Pzgv w`qv eD‡i Avì Kij| ev‡ì w`b ingZ kieZAvjv Nyg †_Kv DBVv eo eD‡i wRMvq, ÔAwdmvi kvjvKv †ewU wb›`‡m IUwV‡m?Õ (Awdmvi nvjvi gvBqv Ny‡gZ‡_ DV‡Q?) GK‡Rwm ev‡` kwi‡di †QvU eBb wibv `yB nwo Avi nD‡i‡i cvI aBiv mvjvg KivBj| Avi KBj, ÔNyg †_Kv DBVv wenv‡bi

Kq, ÔA‡i mvg‡b ivwL GBUvi †jMv †h, IB †Zvgvi Lmg| Ai Riæ‡i Avwg hv Kgy IBUv Aiwe Rvbb RiæiZ Av‡Q| Zzwg Avqv coQ kwi‡di j‡M, †Zvgvi ev‡c †h K_v KB‡Q Gi ev‡` †Zvgv‡i GB evwo‡Z RvMv †`I‡bi K_v bv| gvMvi Avwg †Zvgv‡i dvjvB bvB| Avgvi evwoZ _vK‡Z nB‡j Avgvi ûKzggvwdK Pjev| Zzwg Mvb MvBevi cviev bv, ci`v Kiev, BgybwK †`vZvjvi wc‡Qi ev‡i›`vqwe hvBevi cviev bv| Lm‡gi me ûKzg Zvwgj Kiev| Kzby mIqvj Kiev bv| Avwg GK K_vi gvbyl|Õ kwi‡di gvq‡i KBj, Ô†Ziv Ni‡g †j‡K †Ziv †eUv-eD †Kv †evSv †` gvq †Kmv GK evZKv Av`wg|Õ (Zi N‡i wjqv Zi †cvjvi eD‡i eySvqv †` Avwg wKgyb GK K_vi gvbyl|) nwo Rev‡i wjqv wb‡Ri N‡i †Mj| ev‡c †cvjv‡i KBj, ÔRiæ‡Kv wVK ivL‡b PvZv †Zv †eQvbv‡g Riæ, DmKv ev‡` evw›` evbv‡K ivK‡LMv|Õ (eD‡i wVK hw` ivLevi PvQ ZvB‡j weQvbv‡ZB Lvwj eD, Gi ev‡` evw›` evbvqv ivLwe|) kwi‡di Av¤§v Rev‡i KIb ïiæ Kij, Ôkwi‡di AveŸvi j‡M Avgvi h‡e weqv nB‡Q Avgvi I¤§i AvwQj †Z‡iv e”Qi| GB ingZ Mwie AvwQj| P‡K iv¯Ívi wKbv‡i Lvovqv kieZ †ePZ| G‡i-A‡i aBiv GKUv †`vKvb Ni wj‡jv| Gi ev‡` Avjv Ziæw° †`Ib ïiæ Kij| wc‡Q wdiv Avi ZvKvb jv‡M bvB| G‡K G‡K wZbUv evwo nBj| IB m‡g Avwg cuvP †cvjvcv‡bi gv Avi kvqjv Avgvi c¨v‡U| GKUv †Qwo †QvU I‡³i †_Kv Avgvi Kv‡Q Kvg KiZ| kwi‡di AveŸv‡i AveŸv Avgv‡i Av¤§v WvKZ| †Qwo †h m‡g Ryqvb nqv DVj kwi‡di ev‡ci bRi

k¨vlg¨vk Aiv weqvi Kvweb †`Levi PvB‡jv| Kvweb †`BLv Revi ev‡ci gv_vUv wbPv nqv †Mj| GKRb gyiæweŸ KBj, ÔKx Avi Ki‡eb, GLb †Zv wKQy Ki‡bi bvB| A‡Mv †`vqv K‡ib, whgyb myKz‡bi j‡M †R‡›`wMUv weZvBevi cv‡i|Õ Revi ev‡c gyLUv Kvjv KBiv me‡Z‡i wjqv evBi nqv †Mj| cqjv Kvg nBj gyiæweŸ‡Mv cvI aBiv mvjvg Kib|Õ ingZ wgqv bv¯Ív KBiv †`vKv‡b hvI‡bi Av‡M wRMvBj, ÔAwcmviKv †ewU‡Kv Av”Qv Zv‡i bv¯Ívcvwb †Ljv‡q?Õ (Awcmv‡ii gvBqv‡i fvjv KBiv Pv bv¯Ív wLjvBQm?) †cvjviv ev‡ci j‡MB bv¯Ív Ki‡bi ev‡` evwoi me eD-gvBq¨viv GKj‡M bv¯Ív K‡i| †Ìi-b‡›ìv Revi j‡M nvwm-gkKiv KBiv bv¯Ív LvB‡jv| †QvU b‡›` Kq, Ôeo fvwe, Rev fvwe‡i †ewk KBiv cvivUv †`b| bvB‡j kigvqv c¨vU fBiv LvBe bv|Õ GBw`‡K kieZAvjv evB‡i Avqv PvKi‡i WvBKv KBj, ÔAvB RvwKiv Avgv‡i GKUv †Pqvi AvBbv †`| Avwg P‡K hvI‡bi Av‡M GK‡Rwm †M‡U ewn|Õ Gi ev‡` †M‡U eqv gnjøvi gvbylRb wjqv Lvwj MvejvMvewj Kib ïiæ Kij| Revi ev‡c A‡i †`L‡j gv_v wbPv KBiv hvqMv| Avjgmv‡e‡i †`BLv kieZAvjvi gy‡L GKUv weRvBZv nvwm jvBMv _v‡K| GB gi` evwoZ AvB‡j jv‡M whgyb Zzdvb Av‡n| eDwS me PywÆ wejvB‡qi g_b QvBcv _v‡K| GB gi` GKUv K_v eûZ GwKb KiZ, ÔwLjvI nvwËi †fvM, †`LvI ev‡Ni †PvL|Õ GKw`b ivB‡Z Rev Avi kwi‡di WvK coj ingZ wgqvi N‡i| nD‡ii N‡i WvK co‡Q ûBbv Rev eûZ WivB‡Q| N‡i XzK‡bi Av‡M kwid Revi NygUv UvBbvUzBbv wVK KBiv w`‡jv| †cvjv Avi †cvjvi eD mvg‡b Avqv gv_v wbPv KBiv LvovBj| ingZ wgqv Kziwm‡Z eqv Rev‡i bwmnZ †Ìb ïiæ Kij, ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡i K‡qKUv K_v KI‡bi †jMv WvKwQ|Õ kwid‡i †`Lvqv

nqv †Mj AbïKg| †Qwoi w`‡K †Kg‡b Rvwb ZvKvq| †Qwoi †jMv ì` whgyb DQjvqv DQjvqv D‡V| wKQy wKQy Av›`vR Kievi cviZvwQjvg| Wvj‡g KzQ Kvjv n¨vq| gvMvi Avgvi †Zv ivI Ki‡biI Kzby wn¤§Z bvB| Avwg wKQy KB‡j GB gi`vbv Avgv‡i PvBi dvjv KBiv dvjvB‡ev bv| GKw`b ivB‡Z kwi‡di ev‡c Avgvi gv_vq VvUv dvjv‡bi g_b KBiv KBj, IB †Qwo‡i weqv Kiæg|Õ Avwg KBjvg, ÔAvc‡b GBme Kx Kb? Avc‡bi gv_v cvMjvqv †M‡Q? gvBqvi eqmx †Qwo‡i weqv Kievi Pvb?Õ Avgv‡i w`b-ivBZ †gv‡iveŸvi g_b K¨vPb ïiæ Kij| †Pnvivi w`‡K ZvKvb hvq bv| Ryjyg wmwZg evovqv w`‡jv| Avgv‡i Kq, ÔZzB eywo, Zi Dc‡i Avgvi w`j jv‡M bv|Õ wb‡R †h eyBov nqv †M‡Q IBUv Zvj bvB| Avgv‡i Kq, ÔZzB wb‡R wMqv Avgv‡i weqv Kivwe| ZzB hyw` Lvovq _vBKv weqv bv Kivwe †Z QvI An‡bi ev‡` Z‡i ZvjvK w`qv weqv Kiæg|Õ IB m‡g kvqjv Avgvi mvZ gv‡mi c¨v‡U| Avwg cuvP-QqUv AvIjv` wjqv KB hvgy| evc bvB, fvB‡qiv Mwie| Avwg †Zv Rvwb Avwg hyw` Lvovqv _vBKv weqv bv Kivgy †Z Avgv‡i ZvjvK wè| Avwg †Zv A‡i wPwb, GK K_vi gvbyl| AvIivZiv Lmg‡i AvRivB‡ji nv‡Z mcyim Kievi Pvq, gvMvi mwZ‡bi nv‡Z mcyim Kievi Pvq bv| ey‡K cvÌi evB›`v †Pv‡Li cvwb dvjvB‡Z dvjvB‡Z Avwg wb‡R Avgvi †gŠRy‡` wibvi gv‡q‡i weqv KivBjvg| †h AvwQj Avgvi Kv‡gi †Qwo IB nBj Avgvi eive‡ii nK`vi| GB gi‡ì ûKzg ei‡Ljvc Ki‡bi Gw³qvi Avgvi bvB| GB evwoi †KDiB bvB| gv †Mv

Zzwg GB gvby‡li ûKz‡gi ei‡Ljvc KBi bv|Õ Rev †`vZvjvq wb‡Ri N‡i Avqv KBj kwid‡i, ÔwQ wQ †Zvgvi evev Ggb? GB evwoi †Zvgiv mevB †giæ`Ðnxb|Õ kwid gv_v wbPv KBiv eqv iB‡Q| GK‡Rwm ev‡` KBj, ÔAvi hvB nDK, AveŸvi ûKzg gvBbv Pjb jvMe|Õ wenv‡b weQvbvi †_Kv DV‡bi Av‡M Rev‡i †giæ`Ð †`Lv‡bi †jMv Kq Ai cvIUv wUcv w`evi| gneŸZ Bgyb †h †cqv‡ii gvby‡li ¸ we dvjvb hvq, Avi Rev †Zv kwi‡di gneŸ‡Z gv‡Zvqviv| IB evwoi me‡Z wnw›` Mvb †ewk û‡b| kwidwe wnw›` D`y© Mvb û‡b| Rev û‡b evsjv Mvb Avi iex›`ªmsMxZ| evwoi me‡Z iex›`ªmsMxZ cmb K‡i bv, Kq, ÔGBUv GKUv Mvb nBj? Lvwj c¨v c¨v K‡i| g¨v›`v gviv Mvb|Õ GKw`b ingZ wgqv kwid‡i WvBKv Kq, Ô†Ziv Riæ G mve †Kqv Mvbv †kvbwZ? GB me †e`xbKv Mvbv †kvbbv Av”Qvwb| †Ziv Riæ †Kv GB mve Mvbv †kvb‡b †` gvZ|Õ (Zi eD GBme Kx Mvb û‡b? GBme †e`x‡bi Mvb ûbb fvjv bv| Zi eD‡i GBme Mvb ûb‡Z w`Q bv|) kwid ev‡c‡i we Wivq Avevi Rev‡i we iex›`ªmsMxZ ûbevi bv Ki‡Z kigvq| Zvi ev‡`we g‡b Ki‡Q ev‡ci j‡M †Zv cvi‡ev bv, Rev‡iB eySvqv KB‡ev| Rev‡i h‡e kwid GB Mvb ûbevi bv Ki‡Q, Rev kwi‡di w`‡K Zãv Lvqv Pvqv iB‡Q| †Pv‡L UjUjv cvwb| whgyb jvMZv‡Q ALwb †Pv‡LZ †_Kv UcKvqv cBov hvBe| kwi‡di GBUv †`BLv gvqv jvBMv hvq| Rev‡i KBj Ni e›` KBiv AvIqvR Kgvqv Mvb ûbevi| Rev †Zv GBme wn‡K bvB| IB Avi Mvb û‡b bvB| N‡i hv-B `yB-PvBiUv eB Av‡Q IB¸wj Avi Kqevi cob hvq| Revi duvci duvci jv‡M| kwid N‡ii wfZ‡i Rev‡i eûZ gneŸZ K‡i| †jwKb me‡Zi mvg‡b eyBSv P‡j| Rev me ey‡S gvMvi kwid‡i eySevi †`q bv| Avi A‡i wb‡Ri mvg‡b wbPv Kievi Pvq bv| kwid ev‡ci †`vKv‡b e‡n| wc›`b-Dib, LvIb-jIb KzbyUvB Kg bv| †jwKb AvRvw` bvB| wZb gvm ev‡` nwoiv U¨vi cvBj Rev gv nBe| wenvb I‡³ ewg K‡i| LvBevi cv‡i bv, gv_v Nyivq| gnjøvi `vB‡i WvBKv †`LvBj| `vB †`BLv Kq, Ô†Lvk Lei, †cvjv nBe| Avgv‡i cuvP Kvco †`Ib jvMe †Kvjvg|Õ `yBw`b aBiv Rev wenv‡b Nyg †_Kv †`wi KBiv D‡V| nDo nwo‡Mv mvjvg Kievi hvq †`wi KBiv| `yB w`b †`BLv kieZAvjv wb‡Ri eo Riæ‡i Kq, ÔAwcmvi kvjvKv †ewU Kve‡m †di jvU mveKv †ewU †nv MvB? wb›`‡m †`wi Kvi‡K IVwZ|Õ (Awcmvi nvjvi gvBqv K‡eZ‡_ Avevi jvUmv‡ei gvBq¨v nqv †M‡Q? Ny‡gZ‡_ †`wi KBiv D‡V|) kwi‡di gvq wgbwgb KBiv KBj, Ôev”Pv †cU‡g, †`vwRqv †Zv, Avivg KviwZ|Õ (ev”Pv c¨v‡U, `yB Rvb †Zv, Avivg K‡i|) Ô†Zv? †Zv †Kqv ûqv? †Zv‡gvKv ûqvwb? †ewk †mi‡g IVvwM †Zv IZvi mvwKwMwb| Lvbvwcbv KzQ Kvg †Miv †Zv KvI, †Kqv †Kqv jv‡MMv gvsMv‡K †`‡Z| †jwKb mvjvg UvBg‡g Kvibv cv‡iMv| †kvb, †fvi‡Kv IV‡K cvI cvKvo‡K mvjvg‡Vv ûqv, †giv Avi †Ziv mvg‡b mvivw`b †ki wbPv Kvi‡K ivLbv| †ki wbPv ivL‡Z ivL‡Z Av`vZ cvi hvZv|Õ (†Z? †Z Kx nB‡Q? Z‡Mv A‡n bvB? †ewk gv_vq DVvBwe †Zv bvgvBevi cviwe bv| LvIb-`vIb wKQy Kg co‡Q †Z K Kx Kx jvM‡ev, Avbvqv †`B| gvMvi mvjvg UvBgg_b Kib jvM‡ev| ûb, wenv‡b DBVv cvI aBiv mvjvg KibUv nBj Avgvi Avi Zi mvg‡b mvivw`b gv_v wbPv KBiv _vKb| gv_v wbPv ivL‡Z ivL‡Z Av`Z nqv hvBe|) QvI c¨v‡U Avn‡bi cuvP gv‡mi I‡³ Rev‡i cuvP dj wLjv‡bi imgwe cyiv Ki‡jv| Rev‡i djdjvwi, `ya, AvÛv, gvQ, †Mvm GB me nwoiv †Lqvj KBiv wLjvq| nDo Kq, ÔAwcmviKv †ewU‡Kv

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Riæ‡Kv Av”QZv‡i Lv‡Zi Kvi‡K †`|Õ (Awcmv‡ii eD‡i fvjv KBiv LvwZi KBiv †`|) †`vKv‡b †dvb KBiv Ai ev‡c kwid‡i Kqv w`‡jv ALb evwo‡Z bv AvBevi| mvg I‡³ Revi gvq me‡Zi KvQ †_Kv we`vq wjqv evwo‡Z †M‡Q| Revi ev‡c wRMvBj, Ô†Kgb †`L‡j †g‡q Avi bvwZ‡K? Iiv fv‡jv Av‡Q?Õ Ñ Iiv fv‡jv Av‡Q| †Zvgvi bvwZ Lye my›ì n‡q‡Q| Ñ kwi‡di mv‡_ †`Lv n‡q‡Q? Ñ bv RvgvB‡qi mv‡_ †`Lv nqwb| Ñ mevB fv‡jv eënvi K‡i‡Q †Zv? Ñ mevB Lye f`ª, eënviI Lye fv‡jv| me ûBbv Revi ev‡c myKz‡bi nvwm nvmj| GK‡Rwm ev‡` Revi gv hv hv wjqv AvBwQj me RvwKivi nv‡Z A‡Mv evwo‡Z wdivqv w`‡Q| GBme †`BLv †PBZv Revi ev‡ci †cÖmvi evBov †M‡Q| GZ eo Acgvb? ev‡` KvB›`v KB‡Q, ÔRevi gv Avgiv †evanq wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ †g‡qUv‡K nvwi‡q †djjvg|Õ mewKQy wdivqv †Ì‡bi ev‡` Revi w`j eûZ Livc nqv †M‡Q| Revi w`j Livc †`BLv Ai nwo KBj, Ô†Zvgv‡i Avgiv wKQy Kg †`B? †Zvgvi wKQy Uvb c‡o? IB evwoi GB QvZvbvZv w`qv Kx nBe?Õ Rev gyL w`qv wKQy bv KDK gvMvi Ai w`‡ji wfZ‡i †Mvgivqv †Mvgivqv D‡V| Kv›`b †VBjv evBivBevi Pvq| kwi‡di Dc‡i we †Mvm&mv jv‡M Ai GB g¨v›`v gviv LvBmjZ †`BLv| Avevi gvqv we jv‡M| Avnv‡i IB wKQy KBevi cv‡i bv, ev‡c‡i Kx Wivb Wivq| QvI An‡bi Pwjøk w`‡bi w`b Avevi Kx aygavg| evwoi me‡Z‡i Kvco wc›`vBj, PvKi-†bvKi myÏv| `vB‡i cuvP Kvco w`qv Lywk KBiv w`‡Q| `vB Kqv †eovBj GB gnjøvq kieZAvjvi g_b w`j †KDi bvB| bvwZ An‡bi Lywk‡Z Acbv GMvbv Avi cyiv gnjøvq gY‡K gY wgVvB evU‡Q| Rev KBwQj, ÔGZ AcPq bv K‡i †Q‡ji bv‡g wKQy UvKv e¨vs‡K †i‡L w`‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv bv?Õ kwid †PBZv DBVv KB‡Q, ÔLvm XvKvBqv‡Mv GBUvwe GKUv †iIqvR| bvB‡j Avgv‡Mv gvb-B¾Z _vKe bv| †cvjv †Zv dwKwbœi N‡i Rbg †jq bvB|Õ QvI nviv ivBZ Kv‡›`, wV‡KZ‡_ †nvq bv, †M`v QvI †Zv| †cvjvi wc‡Q hZ LvUwb RevB K‡i| kwid nviv ivBZ ûqv _v‡K| Rev WvK‡j Kq, ÔNygvB‡Z `vI, mKv‡j †`vKv‡b †h‡Z n‡e|Õ GKw`b †cvjvi wc‡Q nviv ivBZ RvBMv wenv‡b gv †cvjv †eLei Nygv| Nyg fv½‡Q †`wi KBiv| mvjvg Kievi †M‡Q †`wi‡Z| IBw`b ivB‡Z ûBevi hvqv kwid Revi j‡M w`‡Q KvBRv jvovB evRvqv| Ñ Zzwg GZ †`wi KBiv Nyg †_Kv D‡VQ, mvjvg w`‡Z †`wi nIqvq K_v D‡V‡Q| Avwg †eB¾wZ nBwQ| Rev †PBZv †M‡Q, ÔZzwg ej‡Z cvi bvB †h ev”Pv mvivivZ Nygvq bvB? †Zvgv‡ì evwo‡Z †g‡q‡ì †Kv‡bv m¤§vb bvB| ZzwgI ZvB| †ZvgviI †Kv‡bv we‡eK bvB| Zzwg ïay we‡qB K‡iQ; wKš‘ ¯^vgx wn‡m‡e Avgvi g‡bi `ytL-Kó, myweav-Amyweav †`‡LQ?Õ Ñ †Zvgv‡K kvwo-Mnbv Kg w`‡qwQ? LvIqv-`vIqv KL‡bv Kg n‡q‡Q?Õ kwid wRMvq| Rev gyLUv AvÜvi KBiv gy¯‹zivqv GK‡Rwm nvBmv eûZ bv KIqv K_vi RIqve w`qv w`‡Q| Revi IB nvwm‡Z †h Kx †m`gv AvwQj kwid eySevi cv‡i bvB, wR‡Ï Kqv eBj, Ô†Zvgvi GLv‡b _vK‡Z gb bv PvB‡j P‡j hvI|Õ GB K_v Kqv kwid ûqv iB‡Q| Rev mviv ivBZ †nvq bvB, eqv iB‡Q Avi †mvP Ki‡Q, hvi nvZ aBiv, hv‡i mvnviv g‡b KBiv mgyÏyi

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P¨vcwjb-AvB‡Rb-÷vBb-cy`f&wKb wb‡q †hgb Zuvi I Zuvi mgeqmx üwl‡Kk gy‡Lvcva¨vq, FwZ¡K NUK, Zvcm †mb, eskxP›`ª ¸ß‡ì m‡½ KvjxNv‡Ui Ôc¨vivWvBm K¨v‡dÕ wN‡i AvÇv n‡Zv, †Zgwb Zuv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi cwiwa‡Z P‡j AvmZ †jwbb, ÷vwjb, MYmsMxZ, ag©NU, beRxe‡bi Mvb BZ¨vw` cÖm½I| cÖm½Z, GB c¨vivWvBm K¨v‡d‡ZB FwZ¡K NU‡Ki cÖ_g Qwe bvMwi‡Ki wKQy `„k¨ wPÎvwqZ nq| GB c‡e©B iex›`ªbv‡_i †klhvÎvi w`b Zuv‡K †`Lv, MxZvi m‡½ Zuvi †cÖg, hv cieZx©Kv‡j cwiY‡q cwiYwZ cv‡e| m¤ú~Y© wbiciva g„Yvj‡K cywjk a‡i wb‡q hvq iv¯Ívq MÐ‡Mvj wQj e‡j Ges †mB m~‡Î gyd‡Z wZbw`b †Pvi-¸Ðv‡ì m‡½ Zuvi _vbvq jKAv‡c evm, c‡K‡U KWI‡q‡ji Illusion and Reality-i D×…wZivwR! 1955 ZL‡bv A‡cÿvq| m‡e 1950| †gwWK¨vj wi‡cÖ‡R‡›UwU‡fi PvKwi wb‡q Q-gvm Kvbcyi, Q-gvm KjKvZv, cybiwc †eKvi| ÔG mgq w`b KvU‡Q `vwi‡`ªï g‡a¨, `vwi‡`ªï fqvenZvi g‡a¨ ... GK GKUv w`b hvq, Av‡iv Mwie n‡q hvB, GK GKUv w`b hvq, wm‡bgvi Rb¨ Av‡iv QUdU Kwi| ... avi evo‡Z _v‡K| ... 1953 mv‡j Avgvi `yie¯’v hLb Pig Ae¯’vq wM‡q †cuŠQq, ZLb GKw`b gvP© gv‡m MxZv‡K we‡q K‡i †dwj|Õ GB n‡jv g„Yv‡ji wm‡bgvi Av‡M e¨w³MZ wm‡bgvi Mí| †Zv 1955-i Qwe ivZ‡fvi wb‡q GUzKzB ejv hvq, Gi Kvwnwb M‡o D‡VwQj MÖv‡gi Mwie GK †Q‡ji kn‡i G‡m bvbv wec¾bK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cov wb‡q| MVbMZ w`K w`‡q G-QwewUi m‡½ ivRKvcyi-Qwe wek¦v‡mi GKw`b iv‡Îi wKQy wgj Av‡Q| G-Qwei e¨_©Zv †S‡o †d‡j 1959-G wZwb wbg©vY Ki‡jb bxj AvKv‡ki bx‡P| G-QwewU wb‡q wek` Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbv Kg n‡jI †`Lv hvq bv| wKš‘ QwewU h‡_ó D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L| bvbvb w`K w`‡qB iv‡L| cÖ_gZ, Gi Kvwnwb wbe©vPb| evsjv Qwe g„Yv‡ji nvZ a‡iB cÖ_g evsjv mvwn‡Zï evB‡i wM‡q me©fviZxq Kvwnwbi w`‡K nvZ evovj| me©cÖ_g GB g„Yvj †m‡bi nvZ a‡i| G-QwewU M‡o D‡V‡Q e‡iY¨ wnw›` †jwLKv

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evB‡k kÖveY : Áv‡bk gy‡Lvcva¨vq I gvaex gy‡Lvcva¨vq

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we ‡` wk mv wn Z¨

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100

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102

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103

Lvevi †kl K‡i evjKwU Zvi wm‡éi Ly‡` e¨vMwU Ly‡j KZ¸‡jv ¯^Y©gy`ªv †ei Kij; wKš‘ gvR©vwii gv Zv wKQy‡ZB wb‡jb bv, mweb‡q wdwi‡q w`‡jb| AMZ¨v evjKwU A‡bK abëv` Ávcb K‡i KzKziQvbvwU‡K wb‡q we`vq wbj| ÔAvgiv Avi KL‡bv I‡K †`L‡Z cve bv, ZvB bv gvÕ, e¨_vZzi †kvbvq gvR©vwii Mjv| ÔAvMš‘Kiv wK Avi KL‡bv wd‡i Av‡m, I‡ì ¯§„wZUvB ïay i‡q hvqÕ, e‡jb gv| ÔLvevi mgq ey‡bv cvwLi SuvK wK gayi my‡i Mvb Ry‡owQj, ZvB bv gvÕ, D`vm my‡i gvR©vwi e‡j| †UwejUv ¸wQ‡q wb‡q gv-†g‡q m‡e †L‡Z e‡m‡Q, Ggb mgq GB MÖv‡gi me‡P‡q e‡qve„× gwnjvwU `yqv‡i G‡m ùvovq| Zvi eqm 120 eQi, eqm Avi AwfÁZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K G-Muv‡qi me‡P‡q Ávbx gvbyl wn‡m‡e m¤§vb Kiv nq| GKUv †Pqv‡i G‡m ayc K‡i e‡m c‡o, LvwbKUv j¤^v `g wb‡q bvwKmy‡i Rvb‡Z Pvq, Ô†Zvgiv wK †Kv‡bv AvMš‘K‡K †`‡LQ?Õ gvR©vwii gv DË‡i e‡j, ÔAek¨B, GB †Zv wKQy¶Y Av‡M Avgv‡ì evwo †_‡K iv‡Zi Lvevi †L‡q †Mj|Õ DËi ï‡b ey‡ov gwnjvwUi †PvL Qvbveov n‡q DVj, ÔZv¾e e¨vcvi!Õ e‡j †XvK †M‡j †m, h_vm¤¢e Mjvi AvIqvR ¯^vfvweK †i‡L Avevi e‡j, ÔGw`Kcv‡b Avmvi mgq Zv‡K GKSjK †`Ljvg g‡b n‡jv, I‡K †Zv Avwg wPwb| I‡K GKUv

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g‡Â cwi‡ekb Kivi GKwU cÖwµqv †hLv‡b `iKvi nq gÂ ev ¯’vb, cvÎ Z_v Awfbqwkíx, DcKiY Z_v †mU, cÖcm, Kw÷Dg, †gKAvc, Av‡jv, AvenmsMxZ BZ¨vw`| Avi `k©K| Kve¨bvU‡K, bvU‡Ki Avw½K ev KvVv‡gvwU _vK‡ZB n‡e| bvUK m¤ú‡K© †jLv n‡q‡Q : K. Drama is the art of make-believe. (...) The

primary ingredients of drama are characters, represented by players; action, described by gestures and movement; thought, implied by dialogue and action; spectacle, represented by scenery and costume; and, finally, audience, who respond to this complex mixture.1 L. A play written in prose or verse that tells a story through dialogue and actions performed by actors impersonating the characters of the play.2 M. Aristotle categorized drama into the following six elements, which are listed here in their order of importance as he viewed them : Plot, Character, Thought, Diction, Music and Spectacle.3

complex of the arts, since in a single production it utilizes many creators Ñ the actor, the playwright, the director, the scene designer, the costumer, the light designer, the choreographer, the musician. This complexity has led many to call the theatre a mixed art since it usually combines the written word of the literary artist, the visual background of the architect and painter, the speech and movement of the actor, the music of the composer and the dance patterns of the choreographer.4

Kve¨bvUK Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v wU. Gm. GwjqU

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Ki‡eb; bvU¨wµqvI _vK‡e hv Awfbqwkíx‡ì A½fw½Pjv‡divi ga¨ w`‡q mv½ n‡e; bvU‡Ki GK ev GKvwaK e³e¨ _vK‡e hv msjvc I Awfwµqvi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ n‡e; msjvc Kveägx© A_ev M`ëZx© n‡Z cv‡i; Kvwnwb †Zv _vK‡eB; gÂm¾v wn‡m‡e †mU I †cvkvK-cwi”Q` eëüZ n‡e; m‡e©vcwi cy‡iv bvU¨hÁwU Av¯^v`‡bi Rb¨ `k©Ke„‡›ì Dcw¯’wZI cÖ‡qvRb| A¨vwi÷U‡ji Kve¨ZË¡vbyhvqx bvU‡K cøU, PwiÎ, wPšÍv, Kve¨vbyK‚j msjvc, msMxZ I cwi‡ekbvi welqwU _vK‡e| †`Lv hv‡”Q, A¨vwi÷Ujmn mevB bvUK I bvU¨‡K GK K‡i †`‡L‡Qb Ñ Avm‡j welq `ywU‡K Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv DwPZ| hvB †nvK, bvUK m¤ú‡K© hv ejv n‡q‡Q Zv Kve¨bvUK m¤ú‡K©I mgvb cÖ‡hvR¨| Z‡e †Kej M`ëZx© msjv‡ci ¯’‡j c`ëZx© msjvc emv‡jB Zv Kve¨bvUK n‡q DV‡e bv Ñ Zv‡K n‡Z n‡e bvU¨wµqvg~jK Z_v bvU‡Ki NUbvMZ wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi Askx`vi| G-cÖm‡½ wUGm Gwjq‡Ui we‡ePbv GiKg Ñ Poetry is essentially dramatic and the greatest poetry always moves towards drama; drama is essentially poetic and the greatest drama moves towards poetry.5

A_©vr KweZvq Acwinvh©fv‡e bvUKxqZvi cÖ‡ek N‡U _v‡K Ges D”Pgv‡bi KweZv mZZ bvU‡K ch©ewmZ nq; bvUKI Acwinvh©fv‡e Kveägx© Ges D”Pgv‡M©i bvUK KweZvi w`‡KB avweZ nq| Kve¨vµvšÍ msjvc Kve¨bvU‡Ki GKwU DcKiY gvÎ| Kve¨bvU‡Ki msjv‡c bvbv ai‡bi Q›` eëüZ n‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| AwgÎvÿi Q›`, gy³Q›` cÖf…wZ| M`¨vµvšÍ K_ïxwZI msjv‡ci evnK n‡q‡Q| Z‡e msjv‡c Q›` eëüZ n‡jI mZZ Zv Kve¨bvUK ch©vqfz³ bv-I n‡Z cv‡i| Kve¨vw½‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ im, evK&fw½, Dcgv, AbycÖvm, Dr‡cÖÿv BZ¨vwÌ c‡o Ñ G¸‡jvI msjvc iPbvi †fZi cvIqv hvq| Pwi‡Îi Rb¥ nq mgvR¯’ Ø›Ø †_‡K, Avi msjv‡ci Rb¥ nq PwiÎ I Ø‡›Øi msN‡l© Ñ ¯’vb, Kvj I cvÎvbyhvqx Kve¨‡eva cÖKvk cvq msjv‡c| Pwi‡Îi gg©`ªvex nvnvKvi Kve¨vµvšÍ msjv‡cB †Lv‡j †ewk| Kveägx© msjv‡ci †fZi w`‡qB NUbv-cÖavb I AcÖavb Ø›Ø-Pwi‡Îi gb¯ÍË¡ Ñ gvbe Aw¯Í‡Z¡i bvbvgyLx msKU-D‡ØMDrKÉv-bvU‡Ki e³e¨ cÖf…wZ cÖKvk cvq bv›`wbK mylgvq| eZ©gvb bvwZ`xN© iPbvq Kve¨bvU‡Ki ¯îƒc I †`‡k-†`‡k Kv‡j-Kv‡j Gi PP©vi w`KwUB †Kej ÿxYfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gi mvgwMÖK w`K, msMZ Kvi‡YB Abv‡jvwPZ †_‡K †M‡Q|

Kve¨bvUK : Kx Ges †Kb

Kve¨bvUK, Kve¨vjsKvimg„× kÖe¨Kve¨ Ges GKB m‡½ Awf‡bq Z_v `„k¨Kve¨I| Kvwnwb ev NUbv‡K mvwR‡q ime„‡Ë cwiYZ Kiv, imiƒ‡c e¨³ KivB Kve¨bvUK iPbvi cÖv_wgK jÿ| †jLv n‡q‡Q Ñ Ô†h iPbvq Kve¨¸Y bvU¨¸Y‡K AwZµg K‡i bv, Ges mgkw³ m¤úbœ n‡q I‡V, Ges bvU¨a‡g©i m‡½ mn‡hvwMZv A_ev AvbyMZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Ave× nq, Zv nj Kve¨bvU¨|Õ6 Av‡iv ejv n‡q‡Q Ñ ÔbvU‡K hw` Kwe ü`‡qi inm¨, Mfxi m‡Z¨vcjwäi Awfe¨w³ _v‡K ... ZLb Zv‡K Kve¨bvU¨ e‡j|Õ7 bvUK I bvU¨we`MY bvbvw`K †_‡K Kve¨bvUK‡K eyS‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, Gi msÁv wba©viY K‡i‡Qb| DËg `v‡ki we‡ePbvq Ñ ÔKweZvi MVbMZ iƒ‡c GB Avw½KMZ cwieZ©b cvVK‡K w`‡knviv K‡i‡Q, Avevi cvV‡Ki K_v †f‡eB Ggb GK Avw½‡Ki K_v †f‡e‡Qb Kweiv, hv‡Z cvV‡Ki m‡½ nvwi‡q hvIqv †hvM bZzb K‡i cÖwZôvi my‡hvM N‡U| GB A‡š^l‡YiB dj Kve¨bvU¨| Kwe Avi bvU¨Kv‡ii ˆØZwmw× mgvüZ n‡q‡Q GLv‡b| Kwe‡K

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Rvb‡Z n‡q‡Q bvU¨Kv‡ii cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj Avevi bvU¨Kvi‡K eyS‡Z n‡q‡Q KweZvi Zvrch©|Õ8 Kve¨bvUK m¤úwK©Z Av‡iv K‡qKwU we‡ePbv wb‡P cici D×…Z KiwQ, hv †_‡K Kve¨bvU‡Ki msÁv Ges Gi cÖK…wZ wel‡q GKwU †cÖwÿZ †c‡Z mvnvh¨ n‡e : K. [T. S. Eliot]

The Poetic drama must have an emotional unity, let the emotion be whatever you like, It must have a dominant tone, and if this be strong enough, the most heterogeneous emotions may be made to re-enforce it.9

L. [kvšÍby Kvqmvi] mvaviY we‡ePbvq Kv‡e¨ †jLv bvUK‡KB Kve¨bvUK ejv hvq| Kve¨bvUK ev Kve¨bvU¨, Bs‡iwR‡Z Verse Play ev Poetic Drama-i mvaviY A_© ZvB| wKš‘ Q‡›` iwPZ iPbvgvÎB †hgb KweZv bq, †Zgwb bvUK Kv‡e¨ iwPZ n‡jB Zv Kve¨bvUK nq bv| Kve¨ I bvUK Ñ Df‡qi kZ© c~iY Ges ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ AvZ¥¯’, evûjëwR©Z I Acwinvh© n‡q wb‡R‡K mg„× K‡i †h-wkígva¨g ZvB Kve¨bvUK| Ebwesk kZvãxi †klvsk †_‡K wesk kZvãxi cÖviw¤¢K Kvj ch©šÍ Bsj¨vÛ I BD‡ivcxq ev¯Íeev`x eÜ¨v bvU¨wµqvi cÖwZwµqvi d‡j GwjqU cÖgy‡Li ga¨ w`‡q Kve¨bvUK K_vwUi eûj cÖPvi N‡U| wKš‘ c„w_exi `ywU †kÖô bvU¨Kvj MÖxK I GwjRv‡e_xq hy‡Mi bvU¨KjvB wQ‡jv Kve¨bvU‡Ki| Aek¨ ZLb Kve¨bvUK K_vUvi Avjv`v cÖPj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nqwb, KviY Kv‡e¨ bvUK iPbvB wQ‡jv ZLbKvi mvaviY ixwZ|10 M. [mykxj Kzgvi ¸ß] †hLv‡b Kve¨ cwi‡ekbB gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ Ges Kv‡eï Avavi wnmv‡e bvU¨c×wZ M„nxZ, †mLv‡b iPbv‡K Kve¨ AvL¨vq wPwýZ Kiv hyw³hy³| BsivwR‡Z GB RvZxq Kve¨‡K Dramatic poetry e‡j| Avi evsjvq G‡K ejv hvq bvU¨Kve¨ ev bvwU¨K Kve¨| wKš‘ †h ¯’‡j bvU¨ m„wóB cÖavb jÿ Ges bvUïxwZ‡Z Kve¨ GK Dcvq wn‡m‡e eëüZ, †m ¯’‡j iPbv‡K Kve¨bvUK e‡j wPwýZ Kiv DwPZ| BsivwR‡Z GB ai‡bi iPbv‡K ÔPoetic DramaÕ Avi evsjvq G‡K ejv hvq ÔKve¨bvU¨Õ ev ÔKvwe¨K bvU¨Õ ev ÔKve¨bvUKÕ|11 N. [Abycg nvmvb] bvU‡Ki Avw½‡K KweZv cwi‡ewkZ n‡jB Zv Kve¨bvUK nq bv; ZviI AwaK wKQy †hb Kve¨bvU‡K AvfvwmZ| G cÖm‡½ DËg `vk e‡jb : ÔbvU‡Ki Avw½‡K KweZv GK_v mZ¨ wKš‘ KweZv I bvUK GLv‡b ci¯ú‡i m¤ú„³| bvUK GLv‡b Zxeª bvUKxqZv‡K `gb K‡i‡Q, KweZvI ïay Ave„wË‡hvM¨ bv n‡q `„kïƒ‡c D™¢vwmZ|Õ Kve¨bvU‡Ki msÁv w`‡Z wM‡q ivg emy e‡jb : ÔKve¨bvUK Rxe‡bi Avwek^ mvwe©KZvi mÜvb, ZvB Kve¨bvU¨ wK bvU¨Kve¨ GB ZK© A_©nxb| Kve¨bvUK ˆRweK HK¨ Ñ ÔAM©vwbK †nvjÕ| GwjqU b¨vPvivwj÷ bvU¨c×wZ‡Z wek¦vmx n‡qI ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Kve¨bvU‡K KweZv I bvUK ˆRweK H‡K¨ GKwU Abb¨|12 Dci¯’ D×…wZmg~n ¯^-e¨vL¨vZ e‡j G¸‡jvi we¯Ív‡ii Avi cÖ‡qvRb †bB e‡jB g‡b Kwi|

Kve¨bvUK : †`‡k †`‡k Kv‡j Kv‡j

cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mB Kve¨bvUK cÖ_g iwPZ n‡q‡Q e‡j mK‡ji aviYv| Ggwb‡Z ÔKve¨Õ GKwU fve cÖKv‡ki wkívw½K wn‡m‡e †Zv me©`v wµqvkxj wQjB, †hgb ÔwMjMv‡gkÕ Kv‡e¨ iwPZ Mv_v Ñ ÔivgvqYÕ I ÔgnvfviZÕI Zv-B| bvU‡Ki msjv‡c GB Kve¨Kjvi cÖ‡qvM hLb N‡U, m‡½ bvU¨wµqv hy³ nq, ZLbB Zv Kve¨bvUK n‡q I‡V Ñ hwÌ ÔKve¨bvUKÕ AwfavwUi cÖPjb ZL‡bv N‡Uwb| GB AwfavwU Kwe-Kve¨bvU¨Kvi-wkíZvwË¡K wUGm GwjqU KZ…©K cÖ`Ë, wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gw`‡K| kvšÍby Kvqmvi G-wel‡q wj‡L‡Qb : Kve¨bvUK K_vwUi m„wó AvaywbK hy‡M, GB (wesk) kZvãxi cÖvi‡¤¢| wU. Gm. Gwjq‡Ui g‡Zv e¨w³cÖwZfvq Zv GK we‡kl cwiYwZ jvf Ki‡jI GwU wQ‡jv mg‡qi m‡PZb m„wó| cÖwµqvwUi cÖv_wgK cÖqvm ïiæ n‡qwQ‡jv Ebwesk kZvãx‡ZB| GB kZvãxi cÖvq me cÖavb KweB, †hgb IqvW©mIqv_©, †KvjwiR, †kjx, KxUm&, evqib, †Uwbmb, eªvDwbs, Avb©ì, ïBbevM©, Ggb wK ncwKÝ Kv‡e¨ bvUK †jLvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv nq †k·cxqixq bq MÖxK bvU¨Kjvi AbyKi‡Y GB cÖqvm Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb, hwÌ bvUK wn‡m‡e †m-m‡ei mv_©KZv wQ‡jv LyeB mxgve×|13 wMÖ‡mi bvUKKvi‡ì g‡a¨ m‡dvwK¬m, Gw¯‹jvm, BD‡ivwcw`m, Gwi‡÷v‡dwbm cÖgy‡Li bvgB D”PvwiZ nq †ewk| Zuv‡ì c~‡e© †_mwcm Rywii `j wb‡q wWw_iv¤^ kxl©K bvUK cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z KveÏ ¯’vb K‡i wb‡qwQj, hv GK¯^wiK wQj| c‡i A‡bK ¯^‡ii mgš^‡q bvUK iPbvi Pj ïiæ nq| Avgv‡ì GLv‡b ÔivgvqY MvbÕ cwi‡ekbixwZi m‡½ †_mwc‡mi cwi‡ekbixwZi wgj †`Lv hvq| Z‡e Gme Kve¨bvUK bq| cieZx©Kv‡j cÖvPxb

†iv‡g Kv‡e¨ bvUK iwPZ-cwi‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| Gme bvU‡K AwZ‡jŠwKKZv, gvbweK g~j¨‡eva, ˆbwZKZv, ¸n¨ ag©vbyôvbmn bvbvw`K wea„Z n‡q‡Q| Zvici Kv‡e¨ iwPZ bvU‡Ki PP©v I we¯Ívi N‡U Bs‡iwRfvlx AÂ‡j †eb Rbmb, wµ‡÷vdvi gv‡j©v, DBwjqvg †kK&mwcqi cÖgy‡Li cÖ‡Póvq| Zuviv cÖavbZ eø¨v¼ fvm© Z_v AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` Kve¨bvUK iPbv K‡ib, AšÍ¨wgjhy³ PiY I M‡`¨ iwPZ PiYI Gu‡ì Kve¨bvU‡K we`¨gvb| G-mgq cÖavbZ Uª¨v‡RwWB Kvwnwbi gyL¨ welq n‡q D‡VwQj| Gu‡ì ci ev¯Íeev`x avivq bvUK iPbvi cÖfve †e‡o hvq| we‡klZ Dwbk kZ‡K M`¨gq I AvjvcPvwiZvi ai‡b Z_v K_ïxwZ‡Z bvUK iPbvi Pj ïiæ nq cÖavbZ biI‡qi bvUKKvi †nbwiL Be‡m‡bi bvUK iPbvi m~‡Î| Gi cÖfve c‡o Bs‡iR bvUKKvi RR© evb©vW© k cÖgy‡Li bvUK iPbvi †KŠk‡j| Kve¨bvUK iPbvi cÖeYZv ZLb wKQyUv K‡g hvq| Rvbv hvq †h, ev¯Íeev`x bvUävivi wecix‡Z GwjqU Kve¨bvUK iPbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v cÖ_g Abyfe K‡ib| G-m~‡Î wb‡R bvUK iPbv K‡ib Ges GZwØl‡q ZvwË¡K cÖeÜ wj‡L Kve¨bvUK iPbvi cÖKiY I cwiPh©v m¤ú‡K© AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡ib| wesk kZvãx‡Z WweøDwe B‡qUm, wU. Gm. GwjqU cÖgyL Kve¨bvUK †jLv ïiæ K‡ib| ZLb evb©vW© k, Mjm&Iqvw`© cÖgyL M‡`¨ ev¯Íeev`x avivq bvUK wjL‡Qb| wKQyUv wK¬‡k n‡q hvIqv GB ev¯Íeev`x avivi eÜb †f‡O †ewi‡q hvIqvi †Póv †_‡KB Kve¨bvUK iPbvi bem~ÎcvZ N‡U| G‡ÿ‡Î huv‡ì bvg m`v D”PvwiZ nq Zuviv n‡jb †RGg wmO, mxb IÕ †Kwm, WweøDGBP A‡Wb, w÷‡db †¯úÛvi Ñ B‡qUm I GwjqU †Zv wQ‡jbB| wesk kZvãxi wZb `kK †_‡KB Guiv KweZv I bv‡Uï wgkÖ‡Y

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Kve¨bvUK †jLv ïiæ K‡ib| ejv hvq, mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡bB Kve¨bvUK wjwLZ n‡Z _v‡K| divwm cÖZxKev`, Rvcv‡bi Ô†bvnÕ w_‡qUv‡ii wKQy êwkó¨ bZzbfv‡e BD‡iv‡c Kve¨bvUK iPbvq †cÖiYv †RvMvq Ñ Zuv‡ì bvU‡K wiPzqvj Z_v †jvKvPvi, Kve¨, msMxZ, b„Z¨, K…Z¨, NUbvMZ wµqv-cÖwZwµqv cÖf…wZ ¯’vb K‡i †bq| G¸‡jv n‡q I‡V Kve¨bvU‡Ki †gŠwjK DcKiY| AvBwik bvUKKviMY Zuv‡ì Kve¨bvU‡K Gme DcKiY eënvi K‡ib AZ¨šÍ m„wókxj Dcv‡q| Kve¨bvU‡Ki iƒc-iƒcvšÍi m¤ú‡K© fvebv-e¨vL¨v GL‡bv Pj‡Q| Gme fvebv †_‡K Kve¨bvU‡Ki DrmgyL I weeZ©b‡iLv m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| wb‡P †miKg `ywU fvebv Dcw¯’Z Kiv n‡jv : K. [†eMg AvKZvi Kvgvj] Avgiv †PZbvi `vm‡Z¡ we‡ivanxbfv‡e wU. Gm. Gwjq‡Ui Kve¨bvUK-m¤úwK©Z e³e¨‡KB †g‡b wb‡qwQ| wZwb bvU‡K ˆRweK H‡Kï Ici †Rvi w`‡q KweZv‡K wØZxq ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| GUv †Zv ev¯Íeev‡ì cÖwZB kZ©nxb Av‡eM, Zvi KviY †eva Kwi wZwb wQ‡jb Ô†ivgvw›UKZvi we‡ivax I aªæc`x mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ Avm³Õ (ivg emy, b›`bZË¡ wRÁvmv, 1994)| bvU¨gÂ eûgvwÎKZv aivi Rb¨ c‡ivÿfv‡e KweZvi Kv‡QB nvZ †c‡Z‡Q Ges ev¯Íeev` †_‡K m‡i †h‡Z †P‡q‡Q| †hgb AvBwik bvUK cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e KweZvi eënvi K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ˆRweK H‡Kï †P‡qI Kve¨bvU‡Ki AvKv•ÿv n‡jv gvbweKZvi mvgwMÖK iƒc‡K aviY Kiv|14 L. [Saradindu Haldar] The later half of the nineteenth century is associated in the minds of most people with the rise of problem plays. George Bernard Shaw and John Galsworthy were the fine products of this movement. But side by side with this realistic drama and, perhaps, transcending it in the depths which it plumbs, was coming into existence the poetic and symbolic play. While the problem play chose to concentrate on the earthlier realities of daily living, getting and spending, marriage and divorce, problems of adjustment between man and woman, the poetic play aimed at sounding a deeper note.15

†eMg AvKZvi Kvgv‡ji K_vq Kve¨bvUK †Kb ev¯ÍeZvi eÜb †_‡K gy³ n‡Z †P‡q‡Q Zv cÖKvwkZ| Kve¨bvUK †h †`‡k †`‡k Kv‡j Kv‡j gvby‡li gvbweK w`K¸‡jv‡K eivei ai‡Z †P‡q‡Q, †m-wel‡q wZwb †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb| kiw`›`y nvj`v‡ii K_v‡ZI GB gy³ nIqv ev Ôm‡iÕ hvIqvi KviY¸‡jv DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi g‡Z, Dwbk kZ‡Ki †klw`‡K mvgvwRK mgm¨vwfwËK bvUK Z_v ÔcÖe‡jg †cøÕ iPbvi avivwU cwicK¡ nq RR© evb©vW© k, Rb Mjm&Iqvw`© cÖgy‡Li D‡`¨v‡M| GB avivi cvkvcvwk bvU‡K Kve¨-cÖZx‡Ki e¨enviI jÿ Kiv hvq| cÖe‡jg †cø †hLv‡b mgv‡Ri ev¯Íe w`K¸‡jvi bvU¨vq‡b Zrci, †cv‡qwUK †cø Z_v Kve¨bvUK †mLv‡b Gme mgm¨vi B‡gvkbvj-gvbwmK w`K¸‡jv D‡b¥vP‡b Drmvnx n‡q I‡V e‡j kiw`›`yi AwfgZ| Kve¨bvUK‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z fvm© Wªvgv ev †cv‡qwUK Wªvgv ejv n‡q‡Q| ejv evûj¨, G-auv‡Pi bvUK Kv‡e¨B iwPZ n‡q‡Q| eûKvj a‡i BD‡ivc I BD‡iv‡ci evB‡i Kve¨bvUK iPbvi avivwUI cÖej wQj| wMÖK Uª¨v‡RwW, m‡Z‡iv kZ‡Ki divwm bvUKKvi Ru¨ ivwm‡bi bvUK, †kK&mwcqi-†M¨‡Ui bvUK (dvD÷)

126

Ñ meB Kv‡e¨ iwPZ| g~jZ bvU¨g~jK Uªª¨v‡RwW iPbvi †ÿ‡ÎB Kve¨Kjvi cÖ‡qvM †ewk N‡U‡Q| AšÍ¨wgjhy³ bvU‡Ki PiY gyL¯’ ivLv mnR e‡jI Gi K`i me hy‡MB wQj| Z‡e Bs‡iwRfvlx AÂ‡j wesk kZvãxi wØZxqv‡a© Kve¨bvUK iPbvi cÖeYZv K‡g †h‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q|16 mZ¨ GB †h, IB AÂ‡j GB aviv Aembœ n‡q G‡jI Avwd«Kvq Kve¨bvUK iPbvi aviv Av‡Rv engvb| G-cÖm‡½ †bv‡ejRqx bvUKKvi I‡j †mvwq¼vi K_v ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ñ wZwb Zuvi cÖvq me bvUKB Kve¨bvUK wn‡m‡e iPbv I cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb|

Kve¨bvUK : evsjvfvlx AÂ‡j

cÖZ¨ÿ cÖgvY †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, fviZe‡l© ms¯‹…Z fvlvq Kv‡e¨ gÂvqbwbwgË bvUK wjwLZ n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î Kvwj`vm, fvm, k~`ªK, fef‚wZ, Ak¦‡Nvl, nl©ea©b cÖgy‡Li bvg Kiv hvq| ¯§Z©e¨ †h, GKmgq G-AÂ‡j iwPZ mKj †jL¨Kg©‡KB mvwnZ¨ ev Kve¨ ejv n‡Zv, bvUK‡K ejv n‡Zv `„k¨Kve¨| Ab¨w`‡K Ph©vc`-g½jKve¨-†jvKbvU¨ Z_v HwZnëvnx bvbv bvUïxwZ-hvÎvcvjv BZ¨vw` Kve¨bvUK ch©vqfz³ bv-n‡jI G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Kve¨bvU‡Ki bvbv Dcv`vb we`¨gvb e‡jI AbywgZ n‡q‡Q| †eŠ×bvUK-ˆggbwms MxwZKv-ga¨hy‡Mi g½jKve¨kÖxK…òKxZ©b-cÙvcyivY-gwYcyix bUcvjv-AóKMvb Ñ G¸‡jv‡K wKQyUv Qvo w`‡q n‡jI Kve¨bvUK nq‡Zv ejv hvq| KviY G¸‡jv‡Z Kvwnwb-NUbv, bvU¨wµqv, MxZvZ¥K ev Kve¨vµvšÍ msjvc, ev`¨, b„Z¨, Awfbq, m‡e©vcwi `k©K-mvgvwRKM‡Yi mvg‡b cwi‡ekbvi w`Kmg~n Av‡Q| G¸‡jv meB Kveägx© msjvcvZ¥K I Awf‡bq, †gŠwLK ev wjwLZiƒ‡c we`¨gvb| Kx Rvwb, GgbI n‡Z cv‡i GwjqU-Kw_Z Kve¨bvU‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ evsjvfvlx AÂ‡j BD‡iv‡ci c~‡e©B iwPZ-cwi‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q Ñ G-wel‡q M‡elYv n‡j G-we‡ePbvi h_v_©Zv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nIqv hv‡e|17 evsjvfvlx AÂ‡j Kve¨bvUK cov I g‡Â cwi‡ekbvi Rb¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q †ek c‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î c~e©e‡½i gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë, cwðge‡½i wMwikP›`ª †Nvl, iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, Ag‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë, wÿ‡iv`cÖmv` we`¨vwe‡bv`, wØ‡R›`ªjvj ivq, ey×‡è emy, w`jxc ivq, g½jvPiY ivq, wMwiksKi, ivg emy, k¤¢y wgÎ, Rq †Mv¯^vgx cÖgyL Ab¨Zg| k¤¢y wg‡Îi Puv` ewY‡Ki cvjv ev Rq †Mv¯^vgxi hviv e„wó‡Z wf‡RwQjI Kve¨bvUK, †Kbbv G¸‡jv Kve¨vjsKvimg„× AvL¨vbg~jK iPbv| Z‡e Avgvi we‡ePbv mwVK bv-I n‡Z cv‡i| c~e©evsjvi AvjvIj (whwb cÙveZx bv‡g evsjvfvlvq KvwnwbKve¨ iPbv K‡i‡Qb), Kwe RmxgD`&`xb, diiæL Avng`, Av. b. g. eRjyi ikx`, kvnv`vr †nv‡mb, †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv, e‡›` Avjx wgqv, kvgmyi ivngvb, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, Ave`yjøvn Avj-gvgyb (kc_) cÖgy‡Li K_v ejv hvq| evsjv‡`k c‡e© A‡b‡KB Kve¨bvUK wj‡L‡Qb| Abycg nvmv‡bi we‡ePbvq Gu‡ì g‡a¨ AMÖMY¨ n‡”Qb : evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ ˆmq` kvgmyj n‡Ki ci A‡bK Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K Kve¨bvUK iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ Ave`yj gvbœvb ˆmq`, wRjøyi ingvb wmwÏKx, Kvkxbv_ ivq, Aveyj nvmvb, mv‡R`yj AvDqvj, Gbvgyj nK, iæ`ª gyn¤§` kwn`yjøvn, Avwe` AvRv` cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ ˆmq` kvgmyj nK me©vwaK mdj Kve¨bvU¨Kvi; msL¨vqI Zuvi iPbv Ab¨‡ì †P‡q †ewk| Ab¨‡ì iPbv msL¨v mxwgZ n‡jI wk‡íi gvb`‡Ð Aby‡jL¨ bq| we‡klZ Kvkxbv_ iv‡qi ÔwWfvBb K‡gwWÕ Ges Avey j nvmv‡bi

ÔIiv K‡qKRbÕ Kve¨bvUK wn‡m‡e Amvgvb¨ wkí mdj I AvaywbK êwkó¨gwÐZ| GQvov Avwe` AvRv‡ì Ôjvj‡PvLÕ I Ômy›ìÕ evsjv‡`‡ki Kve¨bvUK kvLvq Abb¨ ms‡hvRb| mv‡R`yj AvDqv‡ji ÔdwYgbmvÕ, Gbvgyj n‡Ki Ômywekvj Aw¯’iZvÕ Ges iæ`ª gyn¤§` kwn`yjøvni Ôwel wewi‡ÿi exRÕ cÖf…wZ Kve¨bvU‡Ki evnb Kve¨ n‡jI welqe¯‘ mvgvwRK| mvgvwRK welqe¯‘ wb‡q Kve¨bvUK iPbv Kiv KwVb| ZviciI Gme iPbvq e¨w³ gvby‡li AšÍØ©›Ø, gvbm msK‡Ui wPÎ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|18 DwjøwLZRb‡ì evB‡iI, aviYv Kwi evsjv‡`‡k Av‡iv A‡b‡K Kve¨bvUK wj‡L _vK‡eb Ñ wbiÄb AwaKvix (KY©-msev`), †gv¯Ídv Av‡bvqvi (†Kv‡bv WvKNi †bB), b~iæj û`vi bvg D‡jøL Kiv hvq| cwðge‡½I GiKg A‡b‡K wbðq Av‡Qb| G-wel‡q KvR n‡j nq‡Zv †mme Kve¨bvUKKv‡ii bvg, Zuv‡ì Kg© m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hv‡e| bvU¨vPvh© †mwjg Avj `x‡bi bvg Kve¨bvUKKvi wn‡m‡e cÖe‡Ü DwjøwLZ bv-nIqvi KviY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq †h, wZwb m‡PZbfv‡eB Kve¨bvUK iPbv K‡ibwb, hwÌ wZwb ÔKweZvi b¨vq ARmª evK&cÖwZgv, AjsKvi eënvi K‡i‡Qb|Õ19

Awfwb®úwË

Kve¨bvUK ïay †h AwfbxZ nIqvi Rb¨ wjwLZ n‡Z n‡e Ggb †Kv‡bv K_v †bB Ñ ïay mvwnZ¨Kg© wn‡m‡e cwVZ nIqvi RbÏ wjwLZ n‡Z cv‡i| evqib, †kwj cÖgyL Bs‡iR Kwe AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki w`‡K covi Rb¨B Kve¨bvUK wj‡L‡Qb, gÂ¯’ n‡e GB †f‡e Zuviv Kve¨bvUK †j‡Lbwb| Avm‡j wf‡±vixq hy‡M Kve¨bvUK GwcKagx© iPbvi RvqMvUv wb‡q †bq| cÖvP¨‡`‡k gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë, iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, ey×‡è emy cÖgyL iwPZ Kve¨bvUK cÖavbZ mvwnZ¨Kg© wn‡m‡eB iwPZ| cwðge‡½ myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© (Awfhvb), A‡jvKiÄb `vk¸ß (euv‡ki †KjøvUv Pj‡Q), mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, k•L †Nvl, ivg emy cÖgyL Kve¨bvUK wj‡L‡Qb, †m¸‡jv cÖavbZ cvVwbwgË iwPZ| cÖkœ n‡”Q, eZ©gvb evsjvfvlx AÂ‡j Kve¨bvUK iPbvi aviv-cÖeYZv AcwmªqgvY †Kb? DË‡i ejv hvq Ñ bvUK A‡b‡KB wjL‡Z cv‡ib, Kve¨bvUK †j‡Lb †KD-†KD| GB †KD-†KD-Gi msL¨v KweZvi †ÿ‡Î †hgb Kg, †Zgwb Kve¨bvUK iPbvi †ÿ‡Î Av‡iv Kg| Kve¨bvUK wjL‡Z n‡j KweZv Ges bvUK I bvU¨ Ñ wZbwU wel‡qB `ÿZv _vK‡Z n‡e, hv me hy‡M mnRcÖvc¨ bq| g‡Â Kveägx© msjvc bvU¨wµqvi m‡½ ¸u‡R †Ìqv mnRKg© bq| bvUK¯’ Ø›Ø D‡b¥vPb I gxgvsmv cÖ`vb; Kveägx© msjvc I NUbvMZ wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi gva¨‡g gÂgv‡S MwZ ˆZwi Kiv; PwiÎe‡M©i gvbwmK msKU Dc¯’vcb Ñ KwVbKg©B e‡U| mnRvZ cÖwZfvi m‡½ bvUK I bvU¨welqK cwiÁvb wgwkÖZ bv-n‡j Kve¨bvUK iPbv m¤¢e bq| ejv n‡q‡Q †h, ïay c‡`¨ iwPZ bvUKB Kve¨bvUK bq, M`Ï KL‡bv KL‡bv Kve¨bvUK iPbvi †ejvq Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| KweZv I bvwU¨K Dcv`v‡bi mswgkÖ‡YB Kve¨bvUK cÖvY cvq| c`¨ GLv‡b bvU‡Ki Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask, cøU I PwiÎe‡M©i ga¨Kvi Af¨šÍixY wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi Dcvq, ïay †mŠ›`h©-bv›`wbK‡eva m„wói DcKiY bq| Ab¨w`‡K bvwU¨K Dcv`vbmg~‡niI Kvwe¨K MvpZv I gvayh©gq evPb aviY Kivi ÿgZv _vK‡Z n‡e| G-K_vI D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q †h, Kve¨bvU‡Ki w_g-PwiÎ Kve¨gq n‡Z n‡e Ges mvaviY RxebhvÎvi bximZv †_‡K e„nr A_©avix n‡Z n‡e; e„nr cwim‡ii Abyf‚wZ-Abyiv‡Mi Kvwe¨K cÖKvk NUv‡bvi mÿgZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z K‡i `k©KM‡Yi gb cÖvZ¨wnK Avb›`-†e`bvi mxgvbv †cwi‡q

AvZ¥we‡gvÿ‡Yi w`‡K avweZ n‡e|20 GwjqU GUv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, `k©K AvK…ó Kivi †ÿ‡Î M‡`¨ iwPZ bvU‡Ki †P‡q Kve¨bvU‡Ki ÿgZv †ewk| Z‡e ïay KweZvi Rb¨ KweZv‡K bvU‡K eënvi Kivi cÿcvZx wZwb wQ‡jb bv, KweZv †hb bvUKxq NvZ-cÖwZNvZ m„wó‡Z Ask †bq GUvB Zuvi Kvg¨ wQj| †h-bvUK M‡`¨ †jLv m¤¢e †mUv c‡`¨ Z_v Kv‡e¨ bv †jLvi K_vI wZwb e‡j‡Qb|21 Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb, Kve¨bvUKKv‡ii KvR Avi Kwei KvR GK bq| Zuvi we‡ePbvq whwb Kveägx© KvR c~‡e© K‡i‡Qb ZuviB DwPZ Kve¨bvUK iPbvi †ÿ‡Î GwM‡q Avmv| G-ai‡bi Kv‡Ri m‡½ Zuvi c~e©cwiwPwZ _vKvI ìKvi, KviY G‡Kev‡iB Avjv`v ai‡bi gvbwmKZv `vwe K‡i G-ai‡bi KvR| `xN©w`b KvR Kivi d‡j Zuvi GKUv Avjv`v ¯îB ˆZwi n‡q hvq e‡j Gwjq‡Ui AwfgZ|22 GwjqU-Kw_Z †jL‡Ki msL¨v me‡`‡kB Kg, evsjv‡`kI Zvi e¨wZµg bq| Kv‡RB Kve¨bvU‡Ki msL¨v wKQyUv Kg †Zv n‡eB| KweZvi PiY †jLv hZ mnR, Kve¨bvU‡Ki msjvc iPbv ZZ mnR bq| Avevi Kve¨hy³ msjv‡ci m‡½ bvU¨wµqvi mswgkÖY NUv‡bvi KvRwUI m„wóÿg cÖÁvi `vwe K‡i Ñ `ywUi HKwÎK iƒcB Kve¨bvU‡Ki Rb¥`yqvi| gvb‡ei MfxiZg `ytL‡ev‡ai cÖKvk Kveägx©-MxZvZ¥K msjv‡cB g~Z© n‡q I‡V AwaK cwigv‡Y| `k©K-†kÖvZvi g‡aÏ GB †ev‡ai mÂvi N‡U ZvrÿwYK-Zvr¯’vwbKfv‡eB, we‡gvÿY †Zv N‡UB| bvbv i‡m iwÄZ nq `k©‡Ki gb| Kve¨bvU‡Ki KvRB †Zv wbe©vwPZ Kvwnwb-NUbvcyÄ‡K Kve¨-wµqvi Øviv ime„‡Ë cwiYZ K‡i cwi‡ekb Kiv| ZvQvov Kve¨bvUK Kg msjvc Z_v kã eënvi Kivi cÖ¯Íve K‡i weavq ˆbtkã¨‡KI Kve¨bvU‡Ki eo GKwU Dcv`vb e‡j MY¨ Kiv msMZ n‡e| Kve¨bvU‡K GB ˆbtk‡ãï ¯’vb K‡i †ÌqvI mnR Kg© bq| A‡šÍ ejv hvq, c„w_exi †Kv‡bv wkíavivi êwkó¨B cy‡ivcywi Aejyß nq bv Ñ Kve¨bvUK iPbvi avivwUI wU‡K _vK‡e Zvi cÖPwjZ Dcv`vbmg~n wb‡qB Ñ evsjvfvlx AÂjmn c„w_exi meLv‡bB| nq‡Zv wKQy Dcv`vb ev` co‡e, hy³ n‡e bZzb †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb|

m~Îwb‡`©k

1. Lee A. Jacobs (Editor). Introductions : Thinking About Drama, The Bedford Introduction to Drama,

St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1989, p 1. 2. Ibid, p 1101. 3. Theodore W. Hatlen. Theater And Drama, Drama : Principles & Plays, Meredith Corporation, New York, 1967, p 9. 4. Oscar G. Brockett. The Theatre as a Form of Art, The Theatre : An Introduction, Third Edition, Holt, Rinehart And Winston, Inc., New York, 1974, p 4. 5. T. S. Eliot. A Dialogue on Dramatic Poetry, Selected Essays, Fabar and Faber, London, 1963, p 46.

6. kÖxKzgvi e‡›`¨vcva¨vq| iex›`ª m„wómgxÿv, Iwi‡q›Uvj eyK †Kv¤úvwb, KjKvZv, 1372 e½vã, c„ 117| 7. ï×mË¡ emy| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i bvbviƒc, wek¦vm eyK ÷j, KjKvZv, 1385 e½vã, c„ 107| 8. DËg `vk| evsjv Kve¨bvU¨, gnvw`MšÍ cÖKvk ms¯’v, `wÿY 24 ciMbv, 1989, c„ 9| 9. Op. cit., note no. 5, p 46. 10. kvšÍby Kvqmvi| Kve¨bvUK, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, 1985, c„ 9|

127

evsjv‡`‡ki me©vwaK Kve¨bvUK-iPwqZv ˆmq` kvgmyj nK 11. mykxjKzgvi ¸ß| iex›`ªbv_ bvU¨cÖm½ : Kve¨bvUK, ÷¨vÛvW© cvewjkvm©, KjKvZv, 1368 e½vã, c„ 19| 12. Abycg nvmvb| evsjv‡`‡ki Kve¨bvUK : welq I cÖKiY, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, 2010, c„ 4| 13. Kve¨bvUK, kvšÍby Kvqmvi| evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, 1985, c„ 24| 14. †eMg AvKZvi Kvgvj| ÔdwYgbmv : cÖvšÍR‡bi Kve¨bvUKÕ, Kvwj I Kjg, cÂ`k el©, mßg msL¨v, m¤úv`K : Aveyj nvmbvZ, †e½j cvewj‡Kkb&m wjwg‡UW, 2018, c„ 94| 15. Saradindu Haldar, Historical sense in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, University of Calcutta, 2016.

Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/ jspui/handle/10603/157477. 16. Verse drama is any drama written as verse to be spoken; another possible general term is poetic drama. For a very long period verse drama was the dominant form of drama in Europe (and was also important in non-European cultures). Greek tragedy and Racine’s plays are written in verse, as is almost all of Shakespeare’s drama, and Goethe’s Faust. Verse drama is particularly associated with the seriousness of tragedy, providing an artistic reason to write in this form, as well as the practical one that verse lines are easier for the actors to memorize exactly. In the second half of the twentieth century verse drama fell almost completely out of fashion with dramatists writing in English (the plays of Christopher Fry and T. S. Eliot being possibly the end of a long tradition). Ñ Verse drama and dramatic verse, Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/verse_drama_and_

128

dramatic_verse.

17. DwjøwLZ wel‡q M‡elYvi Rb¨ †h-KqwU MÖš’ mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv n‡”Q W. †mwjg Avj `xb iwPZ ga¨hy‡Mi evOjv bvU¨, W. ˆmq` Rvwgj Avn‡g` iwPZ Achinpakhi Infinity : Indigenous Theatre of Bangladesh Ges W. mvBgb RvKvwiqv-iwPZ evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKbvUK : welq I Avw½K-êwPÎ¨| 18. c~‡e©v³, cvÙxKv bs 12, c„ 38| 19. c~‡e©v³, Abycg nvmvb| c„ 386| G-wel‡q Abycg nvmv‡bi wek` we‡ePbvwU GiKg : Ô†mwjg Avj `xb-Gi (1949-2008) wKËb‡Lvjv, †KivgZg½j, PvKv, niMR, nvZ n`vB, ebcvsïj cÖf…wZ bvUägx© AvL¨vbg~jK iPbv¸‡jv‡K A‡bK bvU¨-mgv‡jvPK Kve¨bvU‡Ki AšÍfz©³ g‡b K‡ib| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì we‡ePbvq †mwjg Avj `x‡bi bvUägx© G-iPbv¸‡jv evsjv mvwn‡Zï wbR¯^ Avw½K‰ewk‡óï m‡½ AvaywbK bvU¨‰ewkó¨ AvZ¥¯’ K‡i m¤ú~Y© ¯^Zš¿ m„wó| evsjv mvwn‡Zï g½jKve¨, cuvPvwj, nv¯Íi Mvb, K_KZv, hvÎvcvjv cÖf…wZ Avw½‡Ki g‡a¨ †h-bvU¨¸Y wQj †mwjg Avj `xb Zvi g‡a¨ evOvwji wbR¯^ bvU¨¸Y Luy‡R‡Qb| Gme iPbvq b„Z¨, msMxZ, eY©bv I msjv‡ci mnvqZvq evOvwji Kve¨, Kvwnwb I bvU‡Ki mvgwMÖK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| wZwb KweZvi g‡Zv ARmª evK&cÖwZgv, AjsKvi eënvi K‡i‡Qb, d‡j Gme bvU‡K Kve¨gqZvi jÿYI my¯úó| bvU¨Kvi wb‡RI Zuvi PvKv, niMR, ebcvsïj, nvZ n`vB cÖf…wZ iPbv‡K Kve¨ A_ev Mí wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡j Zuvi AbvcwËi K_v Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Gme iPbvq AvaywbK Rxeb‡eva Av‡Q| Z‡e Kve¨bvU‡Ki †ÿ‡Î Pwi‡Îi AšÍ‡j©v‡Ki †h inm¨vbymÜvb I Aw¯Í‡Z¡i msKU, Avbyf‚wZK Ø›Ø-msNvZ Dc¯’vcb we‡eP¨ welq g‡b Kiv nq Zv cvIqv hvq bv| GB wePv‡i †mwjg Avj `x‡bi G-iPbv¸‡jv‡K Kve¨bvUK wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ bv KivB †kÖq|Õ Abycg nvmv‡bi we‡ePbv KZUv MÖnY‡hvM¨ G wb‡qI †KD cÖkœ Zzj‡Z cv‡ib, M‡elYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ¯ÍvweZ-cÖPwjZ Ávb‡K cÖkœwe× K‡iB

mv‡R`yj AvDqvj-iwPZ Kve¨bvUK dwYgbmvq myeY©v gy¯Ívdv, cxh~l e‡›`¨vcva¨vq I iBm Lvb †Zv bZzb Ávbfv‡l¨i Rb¥ w`‡Z nq| Ñ Abycg nvmvb| evsjv‡`‡ki Kve¨bvUK : welq I cÖKiY, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv, 2010, c„ 386-387| 20. Poetic drama is not merely a drama which is

written in verse, because prose may also be it’s effective medium. It is, in fact, a blending of the poetic and dramatic elements in a fruitful union. Here poetry is an integral part of the play, twined with plot, character and their interplay, not an element of isolated beauty or lyricism for its own sake. (...) the dramatic elements must be capable of sustaining the poetic grace and intensity. It means its themes and characters should be poetically convinced and should be larger than the average humanity and humdrum monotony of daily life, the passions and emotions permeating them should be naturally productive of the poetic expression, calculated to lift the mind of the spectator above the sphere of our ordinary joys and sorrows and send the penetrating gaze of his inner vision far down below the surface of life to the very springs of human action and human drives. Ñ Dr Anupma Srivastava, Retrieved from https:// hubpages.com/literature/poetic-drama. 21. Eliot has been attracted towards poetic drama by his belief that poetic drama has something potentially to offer to the play-goer that prose-drama cannot. For I start with the assumption, says he, Ôthat if poetry is merely a decoration, an added embellishment if

it merely gives people of literary taste the pleasure of listening to poetry at the same time that they are witnessing a play, than it is superfluous.Õ Poetry according to Eliot, must justify itself dramatically, and not merely be fine poetry shaped into a dramatic form. From this it follows that no play should be written in verse for which prose is dramatically adequate. Ñ Saradindu Haldar, Historical sense in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, University of Calcutta, 2016. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/ jspui/handle/10603/157477 22. T. S. Eliot is of the opinion that the function of a verse-play writer, i. e. a dramatist poet is entirely different from that of a Poet. The first thing, according to him is that a writer who has worked for years, and achieved some success, in writing other kinds of verse has to approach the writing of a verse-play or a dramatic poem, in an entirely different frame of mind from that’ to which he has been accustomed in his previous work. Ñ Saradindu Haldar, Historical sense in the poetry of T. S. Eliot, University of Calcutta, 2016. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/ jspui/handle/10603/157477

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