Shilpa O Shilpi Vol - 02 Issue - 04 July - 2013 by Bengal Foundation

wPÎKjv I ms¯‹…wZ welqK ˆÎgvwmK

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wØZxq el© : PZz_© msL¨v kªveY 1420 : RyjvB 2013

cÎ‡jLK wfb‡m›U f¨vb MN Awbe©vY ivq

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m~h©gyLx †Zjis, 1888 wfb‡m›U f¨vb MN

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22 72

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cÖhyw³i m‡e©vËg e¨envi I Pjw”P‡Îi gyw³ gvngy`yj †nv‡mb

gvwUjMœ ¯^cœ`ªóv : giYPuv` cvj wmjwfqv bvRbxb

52 85

Pjw”P‡Îi bv›`wbKZv : KvwiMwi fvlv nvmbvZ Ave`yj nvB

Avgvi †`‡ki wPÎKi Avgvbyj nK ˆmq`v dvinvbv

54 104

w` KwgDwb‡KUi Avey mvC` Zzjy

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wbjv‡gi Lei

109 112 113 116 119

eªvwR‡ji kZvqy AmKvi bvB‡g‡qi iweDj nymvBb

m„wóh‡Ái g½j‡mªvZ Ñ `ªvweo ˆmKZ †iv‡Kqv myjZvbvi GKK cÖ`k©bx : be wbix¶v Ñ Avjx gvngy` K‡qKwU D‡jL‡hvM¨ cÖ`k©bx Ñ †gvevwk¦i Avjg gRyg`vi †`kR weg~Z©ev`-ev¯—eZvi mviK_b Ñ `xwß `Ë c¨vwim Avwe®‹vi Ñ ivRxe †fŠwgK

99 †fwbm we‡qbv‡j evsjv‡`k Rvwn` gy¯—vdv

cÖKvkK Aveyj Lv‡qi m¤úv`KgÊjxi mfvcwZ KvBqyg †PŠayix m¤úv`K Aveyj nvmbvZ mn‡hvMx m¤úv`K jyfv bvwn` †PŠayix Pjw”PÎ welqK m¤úv`K †dŠwRqv Lvb m¤úv`KgÊjx Avwbmy¾vgvb †hv‡Mb †PŠayix iwdKzb bex iv‡g›`y gRyg`vi my‡kvfb AwaKvix gwbi“j Bmjvg iweDj nymvBb Aveyj gbmyi myexi †PŠayix Bd&dvZ Aviv †`Iqvb wkí I wkíx wPÎKjv I ms¯‹…wZ welqK ˆÎgvwmK cwÎKv| wZb gvm Aš—i evsjv gv‡mi cÖ_g mßv‡n cÖKvwkZ n‡e †jLv cvVvevi I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi wVKvbv m¤úv`K wkí I wkíx, †e½j †m›Uvi, cU 2, wmwfj Gwf‡qkb, wbD Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW, wLj‡¶Z, XvKv 1229, evsjv‡`k| †dvb : + [880 2] 8901133, 8901180 AvBm wgwWqv wjwg‡U‡Wi c‡¶ Aveyj Lv‡qi KZ…©K Kzkj †m›Uvi, cU 29, †m±i 3, DËiv Av/G, XvKv 1230 †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Ges Gg †K wcÖ›Uvm© A¨vÛ c¨v‡KwRs, 189/1 †ZRMuvI, XvKv 1208 †_‡K gyw`ªZ| m¤úv`Kxq I evwYwR¨K Kvh©vjq †e½j †m›Uvi, cU 2, wmwfj Gwf‡qkb, wbD Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW, wLj‡¶Z, XvKv 1229| †dvb : + [880 2] 8901133, 8901180 d¨v· : + [880 2] 8901205 B-†gBj : shilpaoshilpi@gmail.com

g~j¨ : 200 UvKv

ÎKjv I ms¯‹…wZ welqK ˆÎgvwmK wkí I wkíxi wØZxq el© PZz_© msL¨v cÖKvwkZ n‡jv| wk‡íi mgKvjxb hvÎvq cwÎKvwU hrmvgvb¨ n‡jI Av`„Z n‡”Q Ges G‡Z evsjvfvlx cvVKmgv‡R ms¯‹…wZi kvLv-cÖkvLvi wewfbœ Awfe¨w³ Zz‡j aiv n‡”Q| G Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Avb‡›`i msev`| G-msL¨vq m„Rb I RxebPh©vq we‡jvob m„wóKvix wkíx f¨vb M‡Ni wPwV wb‡q GKwU g‡bvMÖvnx iPbv cÎ¯’ n‡jv| Zuvi RxebmsMÖvg †h KZ Zxeª-Zx¶è wQj I Ab¨w`‡K m„Rb wb‡q Zuvi fvebvi e„Ë Kxfv‡e AvewZ©Z n‡Zv wPwV‡Z Zv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| m¤cÖwZ wkíx iwdKzb bexi GKK wPÎ-cÖ`k©bx n‡q‡Q GKwU M¨vjvwi‡Z| G-cÖ`k©bxwU wQj bvbv Kvi‡Y Zvrch©gq| wkíxi AMÖmihvÎv Ges m„wófzeb µ‡g †h DËiY I wmw×i c‡_ AMÖmigvY GB cÖ`k©bx‡Z welq I cÖKi‡Y Zv g~Z© n‡q D‡VwQj| cÖ`k©bx Dcj‡¶ GKwU wbeÜ I wkíxi mv¶vrKvi cÖKvwkZ n‡jv| fviZe‡l©i L¨vwZgvb wPÎKi mybxj `vm| Zuvi wP‡Î evisevi bvbv cwi‡cÖw¶Z I Abyl‡½ P‡j Av‡m †Nvov| †NvovB n‡q I‡V Zuvi m„R‡bi Ab¨Zg g~j welq| GKwU mv¶vrKv‡i wb‡Ri m„wó I Rxeb`„wó wb‡q wZwb K_v e‡j‡Qb| iex›`ªbv_ wPÎKi wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib cvðv‡Z¨, Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡š— G‡m| IB mg‡q g‡¯‹v cÖ`k©bxi K‡qKw`b Av‡M Zuvi GKwU mv¶vrKvi cÖKvwkZ nq| Aí Av‡jvwPZ IB mv¶vrKv‡i wZwb wk‡íi bvbv cÖm‡½ I Zuvi wP‡Îi welqvewj wb‡q K_v e‡j‡Qb| Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb GK wkí-mgv‡jvPK| cÖqvZ giYPuv` cvj wQ‡jb Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui wmivwgKm wefv‡Mi wk¶K| AvPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b Zuvi m„Rbv‡e‡M cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ‡jb wk‡íi gnr ¸Yvewj| giYPuv` cvjI G‡`‡ki g„rwkí wk¶KZvq I Zuvi m„R‡b begvÎv mÂvi K‡iwQ‡jb| GKwU wbe‡Ü GB wk¶‡Ki cÖwZ kÖ×v wb‡e`b Kiv n‡jv| eªvwR‡ji GK gnvb ¯’cwZ AmKvi bvB‡g‡qi| fzebL¨vZ GB ¯’cwZ Zuvi ¯’vcZ¨K‡g©i ga¨ w`‡q eZ©gv‡b Av‡jvPbvi †K‡›`ª cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡K wb‡q Ges Zuvi bvbv ¯’vcZ¨Kg© wb‡q wj‡L‡Qb †`‡ki GK kxl© ¯’cwZ| †fwbm we‡qbv‡j evsjv‡`k †_‡K GKwU cÖwZwbwa`j wM‡qwQj| GK wkíx I wkí-mgv‡jvPK we‡qbvj wb‡q Zuvi AwfÁZvi K_v wj‡L‡Qb| GQvov iBj Pjw”PÎ wb‡q wZbwU cÖeÜ| wm‡bgv welqK GKwU cÖe‡Ü Pjw”PÎ Av‡›`vj‡b be¨fvlvi I gvbweK †PZbvi iƒcKvi wf‡Ëvwi‡qv wW wmKv‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv cÖKvwkZ n‡jv| GQvov cÎ¯’ n‡jv †`k I we‡`‡ki K‡qKwU cÖ`k©bxi Lei, wbjvg I wbqwgZ wefvM|

A¨vwi‡mi Kv‡Q jv µvD‡qi mgZjf~wg, †cQ‡b gu gvRyi †Zjis, 1888

cÎ‡jLK wfb‡m›U f¨vb MN A wb e©v Y iv q

wV bv wj‡L _vK‡Z cvi‡Zb bv wfb‡m›U f¨vb MN| wPwV †jLv wQj Zuvi i‡³| Avm‡j Dwbk kZ‡K wPwV †jLvUv D‡jL‡hvM¨ mvgvwRK `¶Zv wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡Zv| f¨vb MN cwiev‡iI GB wPwV †jLvi Pj wQj g~jZ GKwU Kvi‡Y| Aí eq‡m f¨vb MN cwiev‡ii †Q‡j‡g‡qiv bvbv Kv‡R evwo †Q‡o `~‡i _vKZ| wPwV wj‡L Zviv wb‡R‡ì LeivLei w`Z, evwoi Lei wbZ, cwiev‡ii m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM `„p KiZ| evwoi †jv‡Kiv Zuv‡ì `~‡i-_vKv †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Lei †R‡b wbwðš— †eva Ki‡Zb| mßvnvwš—K wPwV †jLv `yc‡¶i Aek¨-K…‡Zï Aš—MZ © wQj| GB

hviv fv‡jv wPwV †j‡L Zviv g‡bi Rvbvjvi av‡i e‡m †j‡L, Avjvc K‡i hvq Ñ Zvi †Kv‡bv fvi †bB, †eMI †bB, †mªvZ Av‡Q| GB me PjwZ NUbvi Õc‡i †jL‡Ki we‡kl AbyivM _vKv PvB, Zv n‡jB Zvi K_v¸wj cZ‡½i g‡Zv nvjKv cvLv †g‡j nvIqvi Dci w`‡q †b‡P hvq| Ñ iex›`ªbv_

Avi‡j‡mi j¨vs‡jvBm weªR †Zjis, 1888

cwiev‡ii m`m¨ n‡q wfb‡m›U wPwV bv wj‡L _vK‡eb Kx K‡i| me‡P‡q †ewk wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb fvB w_I‡K : Qq‡kv GKvbœUv, fvB‡qi eD‡K GKUv, fvB Avi Zvi eD‡K mvZUv| WvP wkíx Avš— b f¨vb i¨vcvW©‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb AvUvbœUv| divwm wkíx Gwgj evb©vW©‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb evBkUv| †evb wf‡jwg‡qb Avi gv Avbœv‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb h_vµ‡g GKzk Avi ev‡ivUv wPwV| evev-gv‡K GKm‡½ wj‡LwQ‡jb gvÎ cuvPwU wPwV| f¨vb M‡Ni m‡½ m‡½ †h divwm wkíxi bvg D‡V Av‡m †mB cj MMu¨v‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb gvÎ PviLvbv wPwV| GQvov wewfbœ cwiwPZRb, k‡Li wkíx Ges Zuvi ¯^íKv‡ji QvÎ Avš—b †Kvm©‡gKvm©‡K, mgv‡jvPK AvjevZ© Awi‡qi‡`i me wgwj‡q wj‡LwQ‡jb GKk lvUUv wPwV| Ab¨w`‡K wfb‡m›U †c‡qwQ‡jb gvÎ wZivwkwU wPwV| me‡P‡q †ewk w_I Avi Zuvi eD‡qi KvQ †_‡K : †QPwjkUv| cj MMu¨v Zuv‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb †lv‡jvUv wPwV| Ab¨iv `y‡Uv-GKUv K‡i| WvKNiKgx© †hv‡md i“juvi KvQ †_‡K †c‡qwQ‡jb PviUv wPwV| GB msL¨vqb †_‡K wm×vš— KivB †h‡Z

cv‡i, DË‡ii cÖZ¨vkvq bq, wfb‡m›U f¨vb MN wPwV wjL‡Zb cÖv‡Yi ZvwM‡`| wbR¯^ fvebvwPš—v Dcjwä, Kv‡Ri weeiY, †`k †`Lvi AwfÁZv a‡i ivLvi Rb¨| Gw`K w`‡q Zuvi wPwV‡K wK w`bcwÄi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv hv‡e? Zuvi wPwVi Clr Mfx‡i hvIqvi Av‡M GKUv †QvÆ NUbvi K_v ejv hvK| †`wL GK Ab¨iKg wfb‡m›U‡K| GKevi c‡K‡U `k d«uv wb‡q Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b †ewi‡q c‡owQ‡jb| †Uª‡b †h‡Z †h‡Z dz‡iv‡jv †i¯—| AZtci n›Ub| cv ¶Zwe¶Z| KzQ c‡ivqv †bwn| m‡½ wQj wb‡Ri AuvKv †¯‹P| Zvi wewbg‡q i“wU msMÖn K‡i ¶zwbœew„ Ë| Gici wfb‡m›U wj‡L‡Qb : But when my ten francs were gone, I had to bivouac out in the open for the last 3 nights, once in an abandoned carriage, all white with frost in the morning, a rather poor shelter, once in a wood-pile and once, and it was a little better, in a haystack that had been broached, where I managed to make a slightly

more comfortable rest, only a fine rain didn't exactly add to my well-being.

Avi GB Ae¯’vq wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Qb (mvZvk eQi eqm ZLb Zuvi) D‡V ùvov‡eb GKw`b, nv‡Z Zz‡j †b‡eb †cbwmj, wd‡i hv‡eb Avevi Wªwqs‡qi RM‡Z| `xN©w`b mvsNvwZK `vwi`ª¨ Zuv‡K wKQy Ki‡Z †`qwb| Gevi wZwb wVK cvi‡eb| Ggb A‡bK wfb‡m›U Qwo‡q Av‡Qb Zuvi wPwV‡Z| cvi‡j †`‡L †be gv‡S gv‡SB| `yB fvB w_I‡K †jLv wPwV¸‡jv mh‡Zœ i¶v Ki‡Zb †Rv f¨vb MN-e½vi, w_Ii eD| 1914-†Z f¨vb M‡Ni wPwV MÖšv’ Kv‡i cÖKv‡ki mgq gyLe‡Ü wj‡LwQ‡jb wZwb : 1889-Gi GwcÖ‡j, c¨vwi‡mi wmwU wc‡M‡ji d¬¨v‡U G‡m XyKjvg w_Ii eD n‡q| GKw`b †Pv‡L coj †QvÆ †W‡¯‹i wb‡P WªqvifwZ© wPwV, wfb‡m‡›Ui †jLv, mßv‡ni ci mßvn †`L‡Z †`L‡Z cwiwPZ n‡q DVj †mB nv‡Zi †jLv Avi evo‡Z jvMj msL¨v ... AwaKvsk wPwVi m‡½ Lvg cvIqv hvqwb| eû wPwV‡Z _vKZ bv ZvwiL| †Rv wPwVi NUbvewj ev †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv m~Î a‡i wPwV¸‡jv‡K KvjvbyµwgKfv‡e mvwR‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb| wPwV †jLvi Rb¨ wfb‡m›U bvbviKg KvMR eënvi Ki‡Zb| cÖ_gw`‡K KvM‡Ri gvb wQj †ek D”P¯—‡ii, KL‡bv Zv‡Z _vKZ RjQvc ev †gvni| Qwei †`vKvb ¸wcj A¨vÛ wm‡Z KvR Kivi mgq †Kv¤úvwbi †bvUc¨vW eënvi K‡i‡Qb| 1880-i cieZx©Kv‡j wPwV wj‡L‡Qb mvaviY KvM‡R, KL‡bv KL‡bv AwZ m¯—v KvM‡R| KvM‡Ri gvc wQj 8x4 wgwg ev 4x4 wgwg| KvMRUv Pvi fuvR K‡i wb‡q wPwV wjL‡Zb| GK cvZvi wPwV wj‡L‡Qb nv‡Z †Mvbv| mvaviYZ Pvi cvZvi K‡g wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV †jLv †kl n‡Zv bv| Zuvi †jLv me‡P‡q eo wPwVi cvZvi msL¨v 16| WvK Li‡Pi K_vUv gv_vq †i‡L wPwVi KvMR wbe©vPb Kiv n‡Zv Lye cvZjv| mg‡qi nv‡Z c‡o wPwVi Kvwji is e`‡j wM‡q‡Q e‡j g~j Kvwji is Abygvb Kiv k³| f¨vb M‡Ni mg‡q wPwVi nv‡Zi †jLv, Zuvi cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv we‡kl ¸Y e‡j aiv n‡Zv| cÖ_gw`‡K Zuvi nv‡Zi †jLv †ek cwi®‹vi cvV¨ wQj| evbvb, hwZwP‡ýi e¨vcv‡i hZœ wb‡Zb| wPwV hZ eo n‡Z jvMj wPwVi A¶i ZZ †QvU n‡Z ïi“ Kij| cÖ_gw`‡K wPwV‡Z KvUvKzwU n‡Zv bv| c‡i n‡Z jvMj| RvqMv Kg covq gvwR©‡bI wjL‡Z wØav K‡ibwb| nv‡Zi †jLv AvMv‡Mvov GKB iKg wQj ejv hv‡e bv GB K_vUv| wjL‡Zb wb‡ei Kj‡g| GKevi n‡qwQj wK, w_I‡K wPwV wjLwQ‡jb| GKUv K_v †evSv‡Z wM‡q, we‡kl †Rvi †Ìqvi Rb¨, in damned earnest kã wZbwU GKUz eo K‡i i‡Oi eªvk Kvwj‡Z Wywe‡q wj‡L w`‡jb| G †_‡K g‡b n‡ZB cv‡i wPwV †jLvUv Zuvi Pj‡ZB _vKZ Kv‡Ri duv‡K duv‡K| GKev‡i nq‡Zv †jLv n‡Zv bv †MvUv wPwVUv| wZb wfb‡m›U †ewkifvM wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb fvB w_I‡K| Zuv‡K cÖ_g wPwV †j‡Lb 29 †m‡Þ¤î 1872| †kl wPwV 29 RyjvB 1890-†Z g„Z¨z i w`bK‡qK Av‡M| wPwVi ZvwiL Rvbv hvq bv| 30 RyjvB 1869| wfb‡m‡›Ui eqm ZLb gvÎ †lv‡jv| evwo

iv‡Zi K¨v‡d-†U‡im †Zjis, 1888

†Q‡o Kv‡R †hvM w`‡jb Avš—Rv© wZK Qwe †Kbv‡ePvi †Kv¤úvwb ¸wcj A¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwb‡Z| †mLv‡b Zuvi GK KvKv wQ‡jb †Kv¤úvwbi Ab¨Zg Askx`vi| `¨ †nM †_‡K w_I‡K Zuvi cÖ_g wPwV‡Z wfb‡m›U wjL‡Qb : wcÖq w_I, †Zvi wPwVi Rb¨ abëv`| wbwe©‡Nœ wd‡i †MwQm ï‡b wbwðš— njvg| cÖ_g KUv w`b †Zvi K_v g‡b nw”Qj| †mw`b we‡K‡j evwo wd‡i †Zv‡K †`L‡Z bv †c‡q AevK njvg| KUv w`b Avgiv GKm‡½ Avb‡›` KvUvjvg| Avm‡j Avgiv GKUz nuvU‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| my‡hvM wQj e‡j `y‡Uv-GKUv wRwbm †`L‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| Kx gvivZ¥K AvenvIqv| Avq÷viDB‡K hvevi mgq ZzB wbðq AvMÖnx n‡q D‡VwQwj| MZKvj cÖ`k©bx Dcj‡¶ †`Šo wQj Z‡e Lvivc AvenvIqvi ì“b Av‡jvKm¾v Avi AvZkevwR gyjZwe ivLv nq| ZzBI wbðq †`Lvi Rb¨ †_‡K hvmwb| nv‡bweK Avi i“R‡ì fv‡jvevmv wbm| wPiw`‡bi †Zvi wcÖq wfb‡m›U

cvVv‡bv| 6 A‡±vei 1875 c¨vwim †_‡K w_I‡K †jLv wPwV‡Z cvVv‡bv ‘Some beautiful English hymns’Gi K‡qK QÎ : Thy way not mine, O lord However dark it be, lead me by their own hand choose out the path for me. I dare not choose my lot; I would not if I might; choose thou for me, my God, So shall I walk aright.

AvZ¥cÖwZK…wZ †Zjis, 1889

†QvÆ wPwV| †bB †Zgb D”Q¡vm| Av‡eM| Kx mshZ| `y-GKUv Lei| wPwV †c‡q DËi w`m, †bB †m K_vI| †hb †Kv‡bv KZ©e¨‡eva †_‡K †jLv n‡q‡Q GB wPwV| GKUz wK w`bcwÄagx©! c‡i †`Lv hvq, w_I‡K †jLv wPwV‡Z wfo K‡i Avm‡Q bvbv welq| wewfbœ wkíxi K_v, Qwei cÖm½, eB cov, †Kbvi K_v, cÖK…wZ eY©bv, fwel¨r Rxe‡bi cwiKíbv, Avkv-AvKv•¶v, †cÖ‡gi K_v, eÜzZvi K_v BZ¨vw` ARmª welq| evB‡ej †_‡K Av‡Q AmsL¨ D×„wZ| cÖ_gw`KKvi wPwV‡Z Av‡Q wewfbœ KweZv †_‡K DrKjb| GKevi i¨vgm‡MU †_‡K jÛ‡b nuvUv w`‡qwQ‡jb| A‡bKUv c_| †h‡Z †h‡Z GK RvqMvq cyKz‡ii Kv‡Q weP Avi Gjg Mv‡Q †Niv GKUv RvqMvq GKUz wekÖvg K‡i wb‡jb| mv‡o wZbUvi mgq †fvi n‡q wM‡q‡Q †f‡e cvwL‡`i KjKvKwj‡Z Nyg †f‡O †h‡Z Avevi nuvUv ïi“ K‡i w`‡jb| †mB mgq †jLv GKUv wPwVi m‡½ cvwV‡q w`‡jb GB e‡j : Enclosed, a feather from one of the rooks there ... fvev hvq| fvB‡K wPwV wjL‡Qb, m‡½ cvVv‡”Qb cvwLi cvjK| c‡i †`Lv hvq, cvwLi cvjK iƒcvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q †¯‹‡P, Wªwqs‡q| KL‡bv wPwVi m‡½ AuvKv| KL‡bv Avjv`v Gu‡K

Kwei bvg wµwðbv RwR©bv i‡mwU| Kwei bvg hLb G‡mB coj ZLb †`‡L †bIqv hvK wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV‡Z DwjwLZ Ab¨vb¨ Kwe-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki bv‡gi AvswkK ZvwjKv| evjRvK, †ev`‡j¨i, eyjqvi wjUb, Kvj©vBj, K‡à, `‡`, wW‡Kbm, d¬‡eqvi, †MvwZ‡q, G`g›` `¨ MuKzi, jv du‡ZBb, gwj‡qi, js‡d‡jv, gcvmuv, †k·wcqvi, myBdU, †Rvjv, Iqvë ûBUg¨vb, wePvi †÷v, fj‡Z¨i| †k·wcqv‡ii †hme iPbvi K_v wfb‡m›U D‡jL K‡iwQ‡jb : A¨vR BD jvBK BU, n¨vg‡jU, †nbwi PZz_©, †nbwi cÂg, †nbwi lô, †nbwi mßg, wKs wjqvi, g¨vK‡e_, †gRvi di †gRvi, `¨ gv‡P©›U Ad †fwbm, I‡_‡jv, wiPvW© wØZxq, `¨ †Uwgs Ad `¨ kÖ“| 22 Avi 24 Ryb 1880, `yw`b a‡i j¤^v GKUv wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb w_I‡K| †mLv‡b †k·wcqv‡ii K_v G‡m‡Q| MZ kx‡Z GKUz wf±i qy‡Mv Ges wW‡KÝ, wePvi †÷vi m‡½ c‡o‡Qb †kKkwcqvi| fvB‡K Rvbv‡”Qb : ... I love Dickens's 'Richard Cartone' in his Paris et Londres en 1793 just as much, and I could show you other strangely vivid figures in yet other books, with more or less striking resemblance. And I think that Kent, a man in Shakespeare's king lear, is just as noble and distinguished a character as any figure of T de kisser, although Kent and king lear are supposed to have lived a long time earlier.

†k·wcqv‡ii bvUK cvV K‡i Zvi †Kv‡bv GKwU PwiÎ‡K Ab¨ GKwU Pwi‡Îi m‡½ Zzjbv Uvbv Lye mnR bq| G †_‡K Abygvb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, wfb‡m‡›Ui ¯§„wZkw³ ixwZg‡Zv †Rviv‡jv wQj| g„Zz¨i eQiLv‡bK Av‡M m‡nv`iv wf‡jwgBb‡K †jLv wPwV‡Z (2 RyjvB, 1889) wd‡i G‡m‡Qb DBwjqg †k·wcqvi : I'm quite absorbed in reading the Shakespeare that Theo sent me here, where at last I'll have the calan necessary to do a little more difficult reading. I've first taken the kings series, of

which I've already read Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V and a part of Henry VI as these dramas were the most unfamiliar to me. Have you ever read king lear? But anyway, I think I shar't urge you too much to read such dramatic books when I myself, returning from this reading, am always obliged to go and gaze at a blade of grass, a pine-tree branch, an ear of wheat, to calm myself.

MÖš’cvV, Z¾wbZ cÖwZwµqv Ges Zv‡K kvš—/cÖkwgZ Ki‡Z cÖK…wZi AvkÖqMÖnY Ñ wkíx wfb‡m›U f¨vb MN‡K bZzb `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`L‡Z wK Avgv‡`i cÖvwYZ K‡i bv? Zuvi wPwV‡Z †h-cwigv‡Y evB‡e‡ji D‡jL Av‡Q †m wb‡q GKUv ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© MÖš’ iPbv m¤¢e| wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci †Lvjv evB‡ej, †gvgevwZ Gu‡K kÖ×v wb‡e`b K‡iwQ‡jb wfb‡m›U| eB Qvov wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvi K_vI wfb‡m›U Zuvi wPwV‡Z D‡jL K‡i‡Qb| cÖPzi cÎ-cwÎKv wZwb msMÖn Ki‡Zb| MÖvwdK cwÎKvi AjsKiY wkíx nIqvi mva wQj Zuvi g‡b| wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV‡Z DwjwLZ K‡qKwU cwÎKvi bvg cÖm½Z Kiv hvK| Album des Vosges; L’Art Revue Hebdomadaire Illustree; Art et Critique, Revue Literaire, Dramatique, Musicale; The Art Journal; The British Workman and the Friends of Toil; The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine; Daily News; Le Figaro; Galerie Contemporaire, Litterare, Artistique; The Graphic-An Illustrated weekly Newspaper; The Illustrated London News, Le Temps; Punch, or The London Charivari.

m~h©gLy x †Zjis, 1888

G‡`i †fZi MÖvwd‡Ki bvg me‡P‡q †ewkevi DwjwLZ n‡q‡Q| `y-GKUv bgybv †`Iqv hvK MÖvwdK m~‡Î| ... I’ve also acquired another ornament for my studio, I got a great bargain on some splendid woodcuts from the graphic, some of them prints not of the cliches but of the blocks themselves. (L 199/9 January 1882) ... The Graphic began on the narrow way and has now moved to the broad one. I saw the latest issue this morning. There was almost nothing good in it. I took an old, torn, dirty issue of 1873 from a pile of acrap paper at a Jewish bookseller’s this morning and am keeping almost everything in it. (L293/11 December 1882)

Kwe-Jcb¨vwmK-bvU¨Kvi‡`i g‡Zv wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV‡Z Qwo‡q Av‡Q ARmª wkíxi bvg| Zuv‡`i Kv‡iv bvg kÖ“Z, cwiwPZ; eûRb Avevi AkÖ“Z, AcwiwPZ| GWDBb Aw÷b A¨v‡e, AM÷ A¨vwj‡e ev wc‡qi gvwi †eq‡ji bvg wkíx wn‡m‡e KZR‡bi

cwiwPZ! wKš‘ ¸¯—vf Kz‡e©, Ab‡i `¨wg‡qi, †`jv‡µvqv, Avj‡eªLU Wy¨ivi, wjIbv‡`©v `v wfwÂ, wg‡K‡j‡Äv‡jv, K¬` †gv‡b, GWIqvW© gv‡b, †i‡bvqv, †igeªv›U †m Zzjbvq eû`ª“Z| Gu‡`i bv‡gv‡jL GKvwaKevi n‡q‡Q wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV‡Z| me‡P‡q †ewkevi n‡q‡Qb †igeªv›U| Am¤¢e kÖ×v Ki‡Zb GB wkíx‡K| Am¤¢e| wb‡Ri MÖš’cxÖ wZ‡K wfb‡m›U GB e‡j : If now you can forgive a man for going more deeply into paintings, admit also that the love of books is as holy as that of Rembrandt, and I even think that the two complement each other. Avi GK RvqMvq wj‡L‡Qb : Someone, to give an example, will love Rembrandt, but seriously, that man will know there is a God, he’ll believe firmly in him.

cv`yKv †Zjis, 1887

wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV †_‡K Zuvi m¤ú‡K© wKQy Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| †Zgb GKUv-`y‡Uv Z_¨ GLv‡b †ck Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cvBc Uvb‡Z cQ›` Ki‡Zb wfb‡m›U| Aí eq‡m †fvi †fvi D‡V wb‡Ri KvRKg© ïi“ K‡i w`‡Zb| nuvUv, cov, wPwV †jLv| Rb wKU‡mi KweZvi f³ wQ‡jb| nj¨v‡Û Zuv‡K †KD RvbZ bv e‡j wfb‡m‡›Ui wek¦vm wQj| †nv‡Uj `ª“‡qv‡Z wkíx wgB‡qi AuvKv Qwei cÖ`k©bx I wewµ PjwQj| †mLv‡b †h‡Z wM‡q wfb‡m‡›Ui gb ejj, ÔRy‡Zv Ly‡j †dj KviY †hLv‡b `uvwo‡q AvQ †mUv cweÎ f~wg|Õ †h

N‡i _vK‡Zb Zvi †`qv‡j UvwO‡q ivL‡Zb Qwei wcÖ›U| AvBjIqv‡_© ¯‹z‡j KvR Kivi mgq wfb‡m›U iv‡Z †Q‡j‡ì Ny‡gi mgq Mí †kvbv‡Zb| cÖwZw`b Zv‡ì m‡½ evB‡ej cvV Ki‡Zb| GKRb Bûw` eBwe‡µZvi KvQ †_‡K wfb‡m›U j¨vwUb Avi wMÖK eB wKb‡Zb| GKevi Zuvi KvQ †_‡K mËi †m‡›U †Z‡ivUv wcÖ›U wK‡bwQ‡jb wfb‡m›U| Zuvi wcZ…‡è GKevi Zuv‡K †ifv‡iÛ wg. Ges wg‡mm †g‡q‡mi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb| wfb‡m›U †`Lv Ki‡Z †M‡jb| †ifv‡iÛ †m mgq wb`ªv w`w”Q‡jb| wfb‡m›U Kx Avi K‡ib| NÈv †`‡oK c‡i Avm‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡Ui c‡K‡U K‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb jv‡g‡bB‡mi GKLvbv eB| Lv‡ji avi eivei Mv‡Qi wb‡P

nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z †mB eBUv co‡Z jvM‡jb| Bwg‡Ukb Ad µvB÷ eBUvi †jLK Ugvm Av †Kw¤úm| eBUvi divwm Abyev‡ì †MvUvUv GKevi wZwb Kwc Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb| G eBUvi m¤ú‡K© Zuvi AwfgZ wQj †h Av‡eM Qvov G eB cov m¤¢e bq| eªv‡mj‡m _vKvi mgq NÈvLv‡bK a‡i GKUv ey‡ov Mv‡Qi ¸uwo AuvK‡Zb wfb‡m›U| ZvB †`‡L GKRb Pvwl Zuv‡K cvMj VvD‡iwQj| Kzm‡g‡m _vKvi mgq evevi cvVv‡bv A‡_© cÖPzi eB wKb‡Zb wfb‡m›U| evev GKevi G‡m eB †Kbv eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| GKevi wZwb wVK K‡iwQ‡jb RbM‡Yi mywe‡ai Rb¨ wj‡_vwcÖ›U Ki‡eb| K‡qKRb wkíxeÜz‡K †W‡K †b‡eb GB Kv‡R| wfb‡m›U myfvwlZ : wPwVi †mŠR‡b¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq wek¦vm Ki‡Z B‡”Q K‡i †h ax‡i ax‡i Avwg n‡q DVwQ GKRb wek¦bvMwiK; A_©vr Avwg Avi Ij›`vR ev Bs‡iR ev divwm bB, †Kej GKRb gvbyl| Qwe-AuvKvUv Avgvi Kv‡Q Kx †h Avb‡›ì| Abykxjbx‡K Avgvi g‡b nq exR ecb, Qwe AuvKvUv‡K exR †ivcY| Avgvi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ hw` cÖv‡Yi DòZv Avi fv‡jvevmv f‡i †Ìqvq mdj nB, Z‡e †m Zvi eÜz‡ì Lyu‡R cv‡e| wek¦vm Kwi GKUv mgq Avm‡e hLb AvwgI wewµ ne ... MÖv‡gi †fZi A‡bK `~i P‡j wM‡qwQjvg cÖK…wZi m‡½ K_v eje e‡j| cÖK…wZ wel‡q A‡bK wKQy †kLvi Av‡Q| A‡bK mgq fvwe w`‡bi Zzjbvq ivwÎ A‡bK †ewk cÖvYeš— Avi A‡bK †ewk eY©gq| †KD hw` mwµq n‡Z Pvq, e¨_©Zv‡K fq †c‡j Pj‡e bv Zvi, wKQy fyj Kiv‡K fq Ki‡j Pj‡e bv Zvi| Abyf~wZ GKUv g¯— e¨vcvi| G‡K ev` w`‡q Kv‡iv c‡¶ †Kv‡bv wKQy KivB Am¤¢e| KvRB GKgvÎ cÖwZKvi Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k me©Î KweZv wN‡i i‡q‡Q| Zv‡K KvM‡R-Kj‡g aiv, Id&, †`‡L †hgb g‡b nq ZZ mnR bq| mwZ¨Kvi fv‡jvevmv †hgb K‡i Rxe‡bi mZ¨‡K RvwM‡q †`q Ggb Avi wKQy‡Z cv‡i bv|

Rxeb †h Kx GK inm¨, Avi in‡mï inm¨ n‡jv fv‡jvevmv| †Kv‡bv GKUv Abš— Mfxi mZ¨ Qvov Rxeb Avgvi Kv‡Q A_©nxb| Pvi w_I‡K †jLv wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV¸‡jv mh‡Zœ wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †i‡L w`‡qwQ‡jb w_Ii ¯¿x †Rv f¨vb MN-e½vi| GB wPwV †_‡K mvgvb¨ wKQy Ask D×„wZ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq 1892-†Z Avg÷vW©v‡g Av‡qvwRZ f¨vb MN cÖ`k©bx Dcj‡¶ cÖKvwkZ K¨vUvj‡M| D×„wZ¸wj wbe©vPb K‡iwQ‡jb WvP wkíx-mgv‡jvPK wiPvW© †ivjvÛ †nvj÷| 1893-Gi AvM‡÷ bqwU WvP Ges PviwU divwm‡Z †jLv wPwV cÖKvwkZ nq f¨vb by †qb ÷ªvKm bv‡g GKwU cwÎKvq| G¸wj wbe©vPb K‡iwQ‡jb WvP wkíx †nbwi fvb `¨ †fj‡P| Gwgj evb©vW©‡K †ek wKQy wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb wfb‡m›U| †mB me wPwVi Askwe‡kl evb©vW© avivevwnKfv‡e Qvc‡Z _v‡Kb gvK©vi `¨ d«vÝ bv‡gi cwÎKvq| mgq GwcÖj 1893| DwjwLZ GB cwÎKv `ywU‡Z cÖKvwkZ wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwVi Rg©vb Abyev` cÖKvwkZ nq eª“‡bv Kvwm‡ii cwÎKv Kzb÷ DW Kz‡qb÷jv‡i 1904 Avi 1905-G| c‡i G¸wj wZwb GKwU MÖ‡š’ Ñ wfb‡m›U f¨vb MN, weªd Ñ msKjb K‡ib 1906-G| Avš—b f¨vb ivcvW©‡K †jLv wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV cÖKvwkZ nq 1905-G †b`vij¨vÛ‡m| Avg‡eªvqvR †fvjvW© 1911-†Z cÖKvk K‡ib Gwgj evb©vW©‡K †jLv wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV| †Rv f¨vb MN-e½v‡ii m¤úv`bvq 1914-†Z wZb L‡Ê cÖKvwkZ nq weª‡fb Avb wRb †eªv‡q‡Wi (fvB‡K †jLv wPwV)| GLv‡b Aek¨ cwiev‡ii Ab¨ `y-GKRb‡K †jLv K‡qKwU wPwV wQj| †Rvi m¤úvw`Z wPwV †_‡K wb‡q 1914-†Z cÖKvwkZ nq `yL‡Êi Rg©vb ms¯‹iY| cÖKvkK wPÎ eëmvqx cj Kvwm‡ii| 1920 †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV Rg©vb, Bs‡iwR, Rvcvwb Abyev‡`| 1938-G cÖKvwkZ nq Gwgj evb©vW©‡K †jLv wPwV| m¤úv`bv K‡ib wkímgv‡jvPK WMjvm Kzcvi WMjvm jW© Avovj bv‡g| wPwV¸‡jv wZwb mvwR‡qwQ‡jb Kvjvbyµg Abymv‡i| hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb UxKv| 1925-G w_Ii ¯¿x †Rv-e½v‡ii g„Zzï ci Zuvi cyÎ wfb‡m›U wf‡jg f¨vb MN cÖKvk K‡ib 1888-1890 Kvjc‡e© wfb‡m›U‡K †jLv w_Ii wPwV| 1936-G cÖKvwkZ nq Avš—b f¨vb i¨vcvW©‡K †jLv wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV, c‡ii eQi Zvi WvP ms¯‹iY| wf‡jg f¨vb M‡Ni D`‡hv‡M 1952-54 Kvjc‡e© Pvi L‡Ê cÖKvwkZ nq wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV| Bs‡iwR Abyev‡` cÖKvwkZ nq 1958-†Z| BZvwjqvb, dviwm Ges Rg©vb Abyev‡` h_vµ‡g 1959, 1960 Ges 1965-†Z| 1990-†Z wfb‡m›U f¨vb M‡Ni g„Zz¨ kZel© Dcj‡¶ f¨vb MN wgDwRqg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwVi GKwU bZzb ms¯‹iY| GLv‡b hy³ nq BwZc~‡e© AcÖKvwkZ GKzkwU wPwV| 1994-G f¨vb MN wgDwRqg ïi“ K‡ib f¨vb MN cÎ cÖKí| Zuv‡ì mn‡hvMx wQj û‡Rbm Bbw÷wUDU| c‡b‡iv eQi

j¨vs‡jvBm weªR I Kvco †avqvq e¨¯— bvix †Zjis, 1888

Mfxi cwikª‡gi ci cÖKvwkZ nq Qq L‡Êi Ô`¨ †jUvm©/`¨ KgwcU Bjvm‡Uª‡UW A¨vÛ A¨v‡bv‡U‡UW GwWkbÕ| m¤úv`bv K‡ib wjI R¨vb‡mb, nvbm jyBRZ‡qb, wb‡qbK evKKvi| GB w÷K ms¯‹i‡Y wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV gyw`ªZ n‡q‡Q KvjvbyµwgKfv‡e| wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwV‡Z DwjwLZ wkíx‡ì AuvKv Qwei WvKwUwKU gv‡ci cÖwZwjwc gyw`ªZ n‡q‡Q| †jLv evûj¨, wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwVi m‡½ cvVv‡bv Zuvi AuvKv †¯‹P¸‡jv Av‡Q Aek¨B| GB Qq L‡Êi †kl LÊwU wb‡`©wkKv| GLv‡b wfb‡m‡›Ui Rxebx, cvwievwiK e„Ë; Zuvi wb‡Ri Qwei, A‡bï Qwei ZvwjKvmn Av‡Q Av‡iv A‡bK ZvwjKv| me©v‡_© GK g~jëvb ms¯‹iY wbtm‡›`‡n| cÖm½Z, wfb‡m‡›Ui cÎa„Z mvwnZ¨-D‡jL wel‡q M‡elYv K‡i wcGBPwW Dcvwa †c‡q‡Qb

D‡Ui f¨vb †Wi wfb 2007 mv‡j| M‡elYvcÎwU MÖš’vKv‡i f¨vb MN : Av wjUv‡iwi gvBÛ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| evsjvq wfb‡m‡›Ui wPwVi wKQy wKQy cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Qwe emy Ab~w`Z QqwU wPwV cÖKvwkZ nq ev‡ivgvm kvi`xq 1979-†Z| ÔwcÖqZg w_I, †Zvgvi wfb‡m›UÕ wk‡ivbv‡g `ywU L‡Ê †`excÖmv` emy Abyev` K‡ib me wgwj‡q ewÎkwU wPwV| wfb‡m‡›Ui Rxe‡bi †kl mvZ gv‡mi mvZwU wPwV Abyev` K‡ib m›`xcb fÆvPvh©| MÖš’vKv‡i †mB Abyev` cÖKvwkZ ÔG fv‡eB P‡j †h‡Z PvBÕ wk‡ivbv‡g| Ô`vncÎÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj wfb‡m‡›Ui K‡qKwU wPwV| Avkv Kwi A`~i fwel¨‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡e wfb‡m›U f¨vb M‡Ni mg¯— wPwV| mg„× n‡e evsjvq f¨vb MN PP©v| 

Rjis, 1964

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†UvKvB-2 A¨vwµwjK, 2013

eo KvUviv Rjis, 1966

†÷ªwd †Zjis, 1974

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wekªvgiZ †R‡j A¨vwµwjK, 2012

`ycy‡i gv‡V A¨vwµwjK, 2012

ågY Rjis, 2013

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mgy`‰ª mKZ A¨vwµwjK, 2012

cwievi A¨vwµwjK, 2013

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Avn‡g`, Kvgi“j nvmvb I KvBqyg †PŠayixi wkíavivq| AMÖR‡ì GB avivq AeMvnb K‡iB m„R‡b my›ì‡K Af¨_©bvi wkíKzkjZv GB wkíx‡K GKRb kxl© m„Rbkxj wkíx wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Q| †mRb¨B Avgiv †c‡q hvB RxebNwbô GK fzeb, †hLv‡b Rxeb wfbœgvÎv wb‡q D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q| Rxe‡bi bvbvw`KI cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q gh©v`vq I wkwíZ Abyl‡½| evsjv‡`‡ki wPÎKjvi A½‡b `xN© cÂvk eQi a‡i Zuvi cwiågY| GB c_cwiµgvq wZwb bvbvai‡bi cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡i‡Qb Ges wewfbœ gva¨‡gi Kv‡R Zuvi µg-DËiY ¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q| Zuvi Kv‡Ri m‡½ avivevwnKfv‡e huviv cwiwPZ Zuviv †evaKwi Rv‡bb, iwdKzb bex QvÎve¯’v †_‡KB G‡`‡ki wPÎKjv-A½‡b †Kgb K‡i wb‡Ri Avmb‡K ¯úó I ejxqvb Kivi Rb¨ wbiš—i KvR K‡i‡Qb Ges m„wói DÏvgZvq †cuŠQevi GKwU c_ ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb| wk‡íi Awš^ó fze‡b Avgiv j¶ K‡iwQ ev¯—eixwZi KvR, Rxeb I Rxe‡bi bvbvw`K‡K wZwb KZfv‡eB bv Zuvi c‡U cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Qb| lv‡Ui `k‡K Zuvi Rji‡O Kiv wP‡Î mgy`ª‰mKZ, wngQwowfwËK f‚`„k¨, e„wówe‡aŠZ mgy`ª, Kzqvkv-XvKv w`Mš—, `~‡i †bŠKvi Bw½Zgq Dcw¯’wZ, R‡ji Aweivg AvQ‡o cov wkívbyivMx‡ì ü`qg‡b †Mu‡_ Av‡Q| †mB cÖ`k©bxi ci †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki wPÎKjv-fze‡b Zuvi wePiY I Dcw¯’wZ wfbœfv‡e wPwýZ n‡qwQj| Zuvi wPÎmvabvi †fZigywLb Pvc Zuv‡K Rji‡Oi Kv‡R †cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Q| lv‡Ui `k‡K iwdKzb bex Rji‡O L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| Rji‡O cix¶v-wbix¶vI K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| †auvqv‡k c×wZi g‡a¨ welq‡K wkí¸‡Y Dc¯’vc‡bi d‡j Zuvi Rjis wfbœ gh©v`v Av`vq Ki‡Z mg_© n‡qwQj| Rji‡O Avðh© wmw× I wkí`¶Zvi Rb¨ wZwb AMÖMY¨ Rjis-wkíx wn‡m‡eI L¨vZ| Ab¨w`‡K lv‡Ui `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ¯îƒc-A‡š^lvi Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq †_‡K Zuvi mvgvwRK A½xKv‡ii †PZbv cÖLi n‡q‡Q| †mRb¨B Zuvi wk‡í RbRxeb Ges †`k-AvZ¥vi gg©‡e`bvi iƒcI `¶Zvi m‡½ cwiùzU| ZviB Qvc cowQj wew”Qbœfv‡e bvbv m„R‡b| A½xKvi I †`k‡PZbv wZwb wkív`‡k© aviY K‡ib e‡j wew”Qbœfv‡e bvbv m„R‡b ZviB Qvc c‡owQj| mË‡ii `k‡Ki cÖ_gw`‡K wZwb wMÖ‡mi G‡_‡Ý ¯‹zj Ad AvU©m †_‡K QvcwP‡Î D”PZi wk¶v MÖnY K‡ib| G-mg‡q Zuvi gvbmfzeb AwaKZi mg„× n‡qwQj KvV‡Lv`vB‡q wk¶v wb‡Z wM‡q| wk¶K wn‡m‡e G-mg‡q Zuvi we`¨vqZ‡b wMÖ‡mi wewkó GK †Lv`vB wPÎKi‡K cvb| Zuvi e„nr AvKv‡ii KvV‡Lv`vB Zuv‡K †gvwnZ K‡i| welq I ˆkjx‡K AvqË Kivi cvi`wk©Zvq wZwb fvweZ nb Ges Awfwb‡ekmnKv‡i KvV‡Lv`vB wk¶vMÖnY ïi“ K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki KvV‡Lv`vB MZvbyMwZK ixwZi g‡a¨ Ave× wQj| wÎ‡ki I Pwj‡ki KvV‡Lv`vB‡qi aviv, Aven I wk¶vc×wZ †_‡K †e‡iv‡Z cv‡ibwb GB gva¨‡gi wkíxiv| iwdKzb bex wMÖm †_‡K wd‡i AvnwiZ Ávb-wk¶v‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q GB gva¨g‡K D”P¯—‡i wb‡q hvb| is I wel‡q mÂvi K‡ib bZzb gvÎv| e„nr cwim‡i wKQy KvR K‡ib| KvV‡Lv`vB‡qi w`Mš— n‡q I‡V we¯—…Z| Gfv‡eB `xN© mvabvi ga¨ w`‡q G‡`‡ki wPÎKjvi fze‡b bee¨Äbv Avbqb K‡ib wZwb| 

A¼b Pvi‡Kvj, 1976

mwLbv †Zjis, 1997

evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfk‡bi gy¨ivj, XvKv, 1981

iwdKzb bexi mv¶vrKvi mv¶vrKvi MÖnY : ikx` Avwgb

cÖkœ : Avcbvi GB cÖ`k©bx w`‡qB ïi“ Kwi, Avcbvi GB cÖ`k©bxwU †ek mvov RvwM‡q‡Q| bZzb ai‡bi Ges †ek eo eo KvR †`LwQ| mevB Lye cÖksmv Ki‡Q| Avcbvi GB PgrKvi Ges mdj Gw·wekb Avgv‡ì GB wkív½‡b D‡jL‡hvM¨ NUbv| Avcwb wb‡R Kxfv‡e †`L‡Qb? iwdKzb bex : K‡qK eQi cici m‡jv Gw·wek‡bi c¶cvZx Avwg bB| m‡jv Gw·wekb KivUv Avwg KwVb g‡b Kwi| KwVb ej‡Z GiKg †h, Avwg wKQy Qwe AuvKjvg, Uvbvjvg Ñ GUv †Kv‡bv NUbv bq; up to mark bv n‡jI ZviciI Uvwb‡q w`jvg, GiKg hv‡Z bv nq †mB fvebv Avgvi memgq _v‡K| Avgvi g‡b nq, hv wKQy KiwQ Zv gvbyl‡K GZ NUv K‡i †`Lvevi g‡Zv wKQy bq| ZvB m‡jv Gw·wekb A‡bK †`wi‡Z †`wi‡Z Kwi| Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I Kwi, Avi Pv‡ci †Pv‡U Kwi| hviv Avgvi ïfvbya¨vqx wKsev Avgvi Kv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i hv‡ì GKai‡bi AbymwÜrmv i‡q‡Q †h, GLb Dwb Kx Ki‡Qb, †Kgb Ki‡Qb, GB e¨vcviUv hLb _v‡K ZLb Avevi bv K‡i cvwi bv| Zv‡ì GB `vwe Gwo‡q †h‡Z †h‡Z GKmgq aiv c‡o hvB| GiB avivevwnKZv Gev‡ii Gw·wekb| Avwg memgq hv Kwi Zv

Avgvi wb‡Ri g‡b K‡i Kwi| GKRb AvwU©‡÷i †UKwbK¨vj fvebv-wPš—v, Zvici Kx Ki‡Z Pvq ev Qwei e¨vcviUv Kxfv‡e mvRv‡e bv mvRv‡e, G e¨vcviUv Zvi †fZ‡iB _v‡K| †mLvb †_‡K GKjv‡d ev SU K‡i GKUv aib †_‡K `~‡i m‡i hvIqv, †mB PvÝUv Kg| GKUv avivevwnKZv ev ci¤úiv †Zv _vK‡eB| Avwg g‡b Kwi, Gev‡ii Gw·wek‡b †mB wRwbmUv Av‡Q| Z‡e wKQy eo KvR wQj, G¸‡jv wel‡qi w`K †_‡K, K‡¤úvwRk‡bi w`K †_‡K, †UKwbK¨vj w`K †_‡K GKB _vK‡jI eo KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q †Póv K‡iwQ me wel‡q †Lvjv‡gjv nIqvi| G‡Z †ek gRv †c‡qwQ, fv‡jvI †j‡M‡Q| Gi Av‡MI eo KvR K‡iwQ, Z‡e Gev‡ii KvR¸‡jv GKUz †ewk eo| GB Gw·wekb Kivq XvKv AvU© †m›Uv‡ii mevi eo GKUv f‚wgKv Av‡Q| we‡kl K‡i Avgvi QvÎ, mnKgx© Ges wkív½‡b mnhvÎx wbmvi †nv‡m‡bi K_v we‡klfv‡e eje| †m †Zv GKUv †R` wb‡q P‡j, gv‡b †h KvR wb‡q c‡o Gi G‡Kev‡i dvBbvj iƒc †`‡L Qv‡o| wbmvi Avgvi GKRb gnv wn‰Zlx QvÎ| g~jZ wbmv‡ii Pv‡cB eva¨ n‡qwQ eo KvR Ki‡Z| Avgiv Av‡M GKz‡k †deª“qvwi‡Z eo eo e¨vbv‡i Qwe AuvKZvg| wm·wU‡Ri †k‡li w`‡K, †m‡fw›U‡R K‡iwQ| †Zv †mBme †R‡bB wbmv‡ii aviYv ˆZwi n‡qwQj †h, Avwg eo Qwe AuvwK| GKw`b evmvq G‡m †`wL eo eo K¨vbfvm| Kx e¨vcvi? ïwb, wbmvi cvwV‡q‡Q| A‡bKw`b ci mvnm nq wK nq bv K‡i K‡i, K‡qKw`b ci ïi“ Kijvg Ñ †`wLB bv †Kgb nq! †Zv Kijvg Ges †`Ljvg, Ki‡Z wM‡q Avgvi Lye fv‡jv jvM‡Q| Qwe †hgbB †nvK Avgvi fv‡jv jvMj †h, Ki‡Z cvijvg Ges Kijvg| †mBme Qwe wb‡qB Gw·wekb n‡jv| †`Ljvg, hviv Qwe wb‡q B›Uv‡i‡÷W, hviv Qwe wb‡q fv‡jv wPš—v K‡i Zviv fv‡jvB ejj| †ek fv‡jvfv‡eB wb‡q‡Q| A¨vK‡mÞ K‡i‡Q| GB n‡jv Avgvi Gw·wek‡bi cwiw¯’wZ| cÖkœ : Gevi Avgiv GKUz †cQ‡bi w`‡K wd‡i hvB Ñ Avcbvi GB wkíPP©vi ïi“ Ges Pvi“Kjvi wk¶vMÖnY A_©vr Kxfv‡e GB A½‡bi m‡½ Rwo‡q cov Ñ Zv Rvb‡Z PvB| ibex : ûg... †Kvb RvqMv †_‡K ïi“ Kie e‡jv! g~j RvqMvUv n‡jv AvU© K‡j‡R fwZ© njvg| Avi evwo‡Z wKš‘ †QvU‡ejv‡ZB †`‡LwQ Qwe AuvKvi GKUv Aven| evev wb‡R wb‡R Qwe AuvK‡Zb| PvKwi Ki‡Zb cywj‡k| mv`v †cvkv‡Ki cywjk| wZwb wQ‡jb GK`gB AbïKg| Awdm †_‡K wd‡iB †`LZvg Qwe AuvKv wb‡q e‡m †h‡Zb| wZwb wKš‘ KjKvZv AvU© K‡j‡R fwZ© nIqvi Rb¨ cix¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb, wm‡j±I n‡qwQ‡jb| †mB mgq Avgvi `v`v gviv †M‡jb| GKgvÎ †Q‡j nIqvi Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv mvsmvwiK `vqe×Zv †_‡K †ei n‡Z cv‡ibwb| †h‡nZz Avgvi `v`vI cywjk wQ‡jb, ZLbKvi wbqg Abyhvqx †mB †KvUv‡Z cvwievwiK Pv‡c PvKwi wb‡jb| GUv Zuvi ¯^fvewei“× NUbv N‡U wM‡qwQj| PvKwi Ki‡Z nq ZvB wZwb K‡i †M‡Qb| wKš‘ Qwe Gu‡K †M‡Qb wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i| Qwe Gu‡K Avgv‡ì †`Lv‡Zb| gy» nZvg, fv‡jv jvMZ| d‡j AvgviI Qwe AuvKvi AvMÖn ˆZwi nq Ges AuvKZvgI| ¯‹z‡j mevi g‡a¨ cÖPwjZ wQj †h, Avwg fv‡jv AuvK‡Z Rvwb| Avgiv Av‡iv K‡qKRb wQjvg, hviv fv‡jv AuvKZvg Ges mevB Zv RvbZ| Avgv‡ì cvovq GKUv msMVb wQj| †mLvb †_‡K m¤ú~Y© nv‡Z †jLv †`qvj cwÎKv †ei n‡Zv| Zvi cy‡iv fviUv Avgvi Ic‡iB wQj| cwievi †_‡K GbKv‡iR nIqvq KL‡bv e¨vnZ nBwb| Qwe AuvK‡j KL‡bv †KD e‡jwb †h,

wfLvwii ¯^cœ DWKvU, 1982

cvwL c¨v‡÷j, 2010

ÔLei`vi! Qwe AuvKv eÜ K‡i Gevi †jLvcov K‡iv|Õ AuvKvi cÖkÖqUv wQj| we‡kl K‡i evevi cÖkqÖ Uv wQj †ewk| GKmgq mevi gy‡L gy‡L ïbZvg, mevB ejZ †h, Ii AuvKvi nvZ †Zv fv‡jv, AvU© K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡q hvK| g¨vwUªK cv‡ki ci GKw`b mwZ¨ mwZ¨B †mB w`bwU G‡jv| 1959 mv‡j g¨vwUªK cv‡ki ci AvU© K‡j‡R fwZ© cix¶v w`jvg| A¨vjvDI n‡q †Mjvg| fwZ© njvg| Gfv‡eB ïi“ n‡jv cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e wk¶vMÖnY Ges AvbyôvwbKfv‡e wkíRM‡Z cÖ‡ek Kiv| Zvici †_‡K GB †h Pj‡Q...| cÖkœ : Avcwb AvU© K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡jb Ges †mLv‡b wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi g‡Zv wkíxi ms¯ú‡k© G‡jb, c‡i mnKgx© n‡jb| Avcbvi †mB Abyf~wZUv AvR we‡klfv‡e Av‡iKevi Rvb‡Z PvB| ibex : Avwg wb‡R‡K Lye fvMëvb g‡b Kwi GB Kvi‡Y †h, Avgiv hLb AvU© K‡j‡R XyKjvg ZLb huviv wk¶K wQ‡jb A_©vr Rqbyj Av‡ew`b †_‡K ïi“ K‡i me©Kwbô Ges Zi“Y wk¶K KvRx Ave`yj ev‡mZ Ñ mevB ZLb †Zv e‡UB Ñ cieZx©Kv‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki †kÖôZg wkíx| G e¨vcv‡i wb‡R‡K fvMëvb g‡b Kwi| Av‡ew`b m¨vi, Kvgi“j nvmvb, mwdDÏxb Avn‡g`, Av‡bvqvi“j nK, Avwgbyj Bmjvg, Ave`yi iv¾vK, †gvnv¤§` wKewiqv Ñ Gu‡ì mevB‡K wk¶K wn‡m‡e †c‡qwQ| ïay gyZ©Rv ekxi‡K Avwg wk¶K wn‡m‡e cvBwb| Avi †c‡qwQ wK cvBwb †mUv eo K_v bq| Av‡iv Av‡Qb †è`vm PµeZx©, ˆmq` Rvnv½x‡ii g‡Zv eo wkíxi KvR †`Lv Ges Zuv‡ì ms¯ú‡k©i f~wgKv wKš‘ wk¶‡Ki gh©v`v †_‡K †Kv‡bv w`K w`‡qB Kg bq| †mB fveMZ w`K †_‡K ZuvivI wKš‘ Avgvi wk¶K| Avgv‡ì mg‡qi me wkíx‡KB Avwg wk¶K e‡j g‡b Kwi| Qwe AuvKv †kLv ev wkíwk¶v, †UKwbK, MÖvgvi Ñ Gme †Zv huvi huvi wgwWqvq Zuviv wk¶v †`b| Z‡e Avgiv AvK…ó nZvg Zuv‡ì †`kfvebv, †`kKvj Ges ivR‰bwZK fvebv, †`‡ki gvbyl, mgvRwPš—v, wewfbœ msKU, mvs¯‹w… ZK we‡klY Ñ Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ Kx nIqv DwPZ, Avgiv †Kvbw`‡K hve, Avgv‡ì AwiwRb Kx, Avgv‡ì †Kvb w`KUv cÖavb nIqv DwPZ Ñ G mewKQyB Avgv‡ì wk¶v w`‡Zb, Avgiv Zuv‡ì KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z cviZvg| Av‡ew`b m¨vi †h‡nZz Aa¨¶ wQ‡jb ZvB †ewk K¬vm wb‡Zb bv| †Kv‡bv wk¶K A¨ve‡m›U _vK‡j wZwb Zuvi K¬vm wb‡Zb| GQvov wZwb nVvr nVvr K¬v‡m Avm‡Zb Avi MvjMí Ki‡Zb| GB M‡íi ga¨ w`‡qB wZwb Avgv‡ì †kLv‡Zb| †Kv‡bv evaëvaKZvq Avgv‡ì †dj‡Zb bv| †ek †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡eB Avgv‡ì †kLv‡Zb| evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq ¯‹z‡j cwo| Avgiv †`‡LwQ Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc| Zvici GKUvi ci GKUv Av‡›`vjb n‡q‡Q fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K e¨vKMÖvDÛ K‡i| †m wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì KZ©e¨ wK ïay Qwe AuvKv, bv Gi m‡½ Rwo‡q hvIqv? †hgb ewj, iex›`ªwe‡ivax GKUv Av‡›`vjb ïi“ n‡jv lv‡Ui `k‡K| †mUv gvivZ¥K e‡j M„nxZ n‡jv| Avgiv fvlv Av‡›`vjb Kijvg ïay wK ÔAÕ-ÔAvÕ cÖwZôvi Rb¨! ïay gy‡Li fvlv ¯^vaxb n‡e Zv †Zv wQj bv| gy‡Li fvlvi m‡½ Avgv‡ì Pjb-ej‡bi fvlv, mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi fvlv, †mUv †Kvb ch©v‡q _vK‡e Zvi cÖPjb Kiv, evOvwj wn‡m‡e Kx KiYxq, Kv‡ì cQ›`-AcQ›` Kie Ñ Gme e¨vcvi Zvi m‡½ RwoZ| Gme welq mvg‡b †i‡LB wKš‘ Av‡›`vjb Kiv| nVvr K‡i

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Rjv`Lvbvi gy¨ivj, wgicyi, XvKv, 2009

mxZvKzÊ Rjis, 2013

Rjis, 1993

Ges Zuv‡ì eÜzevÜe G‡mwQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì gy‡LI GKB K_v, Kx K›Uªv÷ †Zvgv‡ì! Avgiv hLb †Zvgv‡ì †`‡k Avwm ZLb †R‡b Avwm †h, GB †`k AZ¨š— `wi`ª, Lye Lvivc Ae¯’v, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †Zv Av‡QB; Avevi wb‡RivI ivR‰bwZKfv‡e wewfbœ `y‡h©vM ˆZwi K‡iv| Gme Kvi‡Y †Zvgiv DbœwZ Ki‡Z cvi bv| Gme Avgiv GLv‡b G‡m †`wL Ges Av‡iv GKUv wRwbm †`wL Avi AevK nB, Zv n‡jv †Zvgv‡ì wk‡íi kw³| msMxZ-mvwnZ¨ Ggb GKch©v‡q †h, AevK bv n‡q cvwi bv| cÖkœ : †mUv wK GKUv kw³ e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ibex : kw³ ejv KwVb, Z‡e Avwg †Zv g‡b Kwi, Avgv‡ì †`‡ki ev AÂ‡ji Afve ewj, AbUb ewj, hv wKQy Av‡Q Zvi †fZi †_‡K wbh©vm wb‡qB wKš‘ Avgv‡ì wkí| GUvB

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RoRxeb A¨vwµwjK, 2006

†`LwQ GB iKg fve Avwb| Zvici †hUv Kwi Zv n‡jv, wfDqvm©‡K Kb‡m‡›UªU Kiv‡bv| GB Kb‡m‡›Uª‡UW e¯‘i g‡aÏ m~²Zv _vK‡e, †hLv‡b †PvLUv‡K wb‡q hv‡e †mUWªc c‡q‡›U| Gme e¨vcvi fvebvMZI Av‡Q, Avevi wKQy A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj Av‡m| Avevi Qwe‡K LyeB wgwbsdzj Ki‡Z hvIqvi e¨vcviwU †bB| Gev‡ii Gw·wek‡b wKš‘ K¨vckbI w`Bwb| meB †h‡nZz cwiwPZ `„k¨, †Zv †m¸‡jv‡K Avwg Avgvi g‡Zv K‡i mvRvjvg| Avgvi cQ›`mB w`K¸‡jv ivLjvg| Avevi Av‡jv †Kv_vq †dje, Av‡jvi Av‡`Š ìKvi Av‡Q wK bv G¸‡jv fvejvg| Gme welq KL‡bv nq‡Zv Lye mvK‡mmdzj nq, KL‡bv nq‡Zv ev nqI bv| Z‡e bv›`wbK w`K¸‡jv †Zv _v‡KB| Av‡iKUv e¨vcvi, †Pbv wRwbm‡K Avwg G‡Kev‡i IjUcvjU K‡i †mwg-A¨ve÷ªvKk‡b Avwb bv| Avbvi mvnmI Kwi bv| †f‡OPz‡i, dg© Avjv`v K‡i A¨ve÷ªvKk‡b hvB bv| Gme Kivi Rb¨ Avjv`v w¯‹j, Avjv`v wPš—vfvebvi e¨vcvi Av‡Q| Gw`‡K Avwg hvB bv, hvIqvi mvnmI Kwi bv| Avevi †Kv‡bvw`b n‡e bv nq‡Zv Zv-I bv| GKmgq Aek¨ cÖvq †mwgA¨ve÷ªvKk‡b wM‡qwQjvg wcÖ‡›Ui wKQy Kv‡R| Zvici Avevi wiUvb©| cÖkœ : mvwn‡Zï cÖwZI Avcbvi †h AvMÖn Ges c`PviYv Zvi cÖfve Avcbvi wP‡Î KZUzKz Av‡Q wK †bB, Avi _vK‡jI Zv KZUv? ibex : †jLv‡jwL Avgvi ¯‹zjRxe‡bI n‡q‡Q| †QvU‡ejvq wKQy cÎcwÎKvq †QvU‡ì cvZvq †ei n‡Zv| Zv †`‡L Lye gRv †cZvg| Avi Avgvi GB †jLv‡jwL †Zv Avi †jLK ev mvwnwZ¨K nIqvi Rb¨ bq| nVvr g‡b nq wj‡L †dwj| Avevi Qwe AuvKvi gyW bv _vK‡j wjwL| GB Avi wK| Av‡iKUv welq Av‡Q Ñ Aby‡iva| GB Aby‡ivaUvI Avevi Pv‡ci g‡Zv| cvewjkviiv ejj †h, GKUv eB †`b; cwÎKv ejj, †jLv †`b, KL‡bv e‡j Qov †`b, Dcb¨vm †`b, ig¨ iPbv †`b, †QvU‡ì Mí †`b| gyWUzW wVK _vK‡j gv‡S g‡a¨ e‡m hvB Ñ GB Avi wK| cÖkœ : Avcbvi GKUv Dcb¨vm †UivWvKUvBj Ñ †mUv †Zv gyw³hy×wfwËK| ibex : nu¨v, †mUv Avgvi G‡_Ý P‡j Avmv Ges gyw³hy× wb‡q| Avwg GLv‡b †Kv‡bv mve‡R± bv| wKQy GLvbKvi Avi wKQy ILvbKvi AwfÁZv| wKš‘ gyw³hy×Uv Avmj j¶¨ wQj| GKUv bexb ¯^vaxb †`k, hy× †`‡LwQ, hy‡×i cici †`‡ki evB‡i †Mjvg| †fZ‡i †fZ‡i A‡bK wKQzB KvR KiZ| ZLb mvßvwnK wewPÎvi Aby‡iv‡a C` msL¨vq mvnm K‡i wj‡L †djjvg| mevB †ek fv‡jvfv‡e wbj| Avgv‡ì wµwUK¨vj eÜz ûgvqyb AvRv` Zvi mgv‡jvPbvq hwÌ ejj Ñ Dcb¨v‡mi GB dg©, †mB dg© G¸‡jv Ggb n‡j fv‡jv n‡Zv; Z`ycwi fv‡jv †j‡M‡Q| Avgvi evwo‡Z memgq †`‡LwQ wewfbœ cÎcwÎKv AvmZ, †Zv cVbcvV‡bi Af¨vm †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wQj| LyeB †QvU‡ejvq †`LZvg gvgviv myKzgvi iv‡qi eB, kwbev‡ii wPwV, wkï mv_x Ñ GiKg cÎcwÎKv wb‡q AvmZ| G¸‡jv coZvg| iex›`ªbv_, bRi“j Gme †Zv Av‡QB, Av‡iv A‡bK eB coZvg| GKmgq Avwg hLb ¯‹z‡j cwo, evev c~Rv msL¨v¸‡jv XvKvq G‡j wK‡b w`‡Zb| †è mvwnZ¨ KzwUi †_‡K ZLb Lye

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AvwU©÷ iex›`ªbv‡_i mv¶vrKvi my ‡kv f b A wa Kv ix

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†mLv‡b Gi Av‡M n‡qwQj| A_©vr wkíx‡ì bvg I cÖ`wk©Z mvgMÖxi weeiY †_‡K M¨vjvwiwUi gvb m¤ú‡K© GKUv Av›`vR cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| GLb Aek¨ GB M¨vjvwi Avi †bB, gvwjKvbvi nvZe`‡ji d‡j `xN©w`b GwU jyß n‡q‡Q| hwÌ Avgv‡ì g‡b GL‡bv ÔM¨vjvwi wcMvj&Õ ej‡ZB †f‡m I‡V iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖ_g Qwe cÖ`k©‡bi cÖm½| †f‡m I‡V GKwRwekb n‡j `yamv`v wm‡éi †RveŸvq †kvwfZ iex›`ªbv_‡K IKv‡¤úvi cv‡ki †Pqv‡i Dcweó Ae¯’vq| wKš‘ †m-K_v GLb _vK| cyi‡bv K_vq wd‡i Avwm| GKwRwek‡bi e¨vcv‡i IKv‡¤úvi Av‡qvR‡b †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv Î“wU wQj bv| wPÎ-cÖ`k©bxi K¨vUvjM Qvcv n‡qwQj hZœ K‡i, †mLv‡b iex›`ª-wPÎKjv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb A¨vbv `¨ †bvqvB| GKwRwek‡bi Av‡M Qwe wbe©vPb K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb c¨vwi‡mi AvaywbK hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg Zi“Y wkíx Auv‡`ª †jvZ&, huv‡K †KD †KD AvaywbK wKDweR‡gi Ab¨Zg cÖe³v e‡j gv‡bb| Ges cieZ©xKv‡j GB divwm wkíx Auv‡`ª †jvZ& wQ‡jb fvi‡Zi cÖw_Zhkv wkíx ivgKzgvi ev cwi‡Zvl †m‡bi wk¶K| ivgKzgvi ev cwi‡Zvl †mb hLb wPÎPP©vi Rb¨ e„wË wb‡q c¨vwi‡m wM‡qwQ‡jb, †mB c‡e© Zuviv Df‡qB wkíx Auv‡`ª †jv‡Zi Kv‡Q Qwei cvV MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| c¨vwi‡m cÖ`k©bxi mvdj¨ †h wkíx iex›`ªbv_‡K cÖZ¨qx K‡i Zz‡jwQj Ñ G K_v G‡Kev‡i wbwðZ K‡iB ejv hvq| GKwRwek‡bi c‡i wPwV‡Z D”Q¡v‡mi m‡½ Bw›ìv †èx‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb Ñ Ôd«v‡Ýi gZ Kov nvwK‡gi ìev‡iI wk‡ivcv wg‡j‡Q Ñ wKQygvÎ Kvc©Y¨ K‡iwb|Õ A_©vr wkíKjvi †¶‡Î d«v‡Ýi g‡Zv Kov nvwK‡gi †`k‡K wb‡q Zuvi g‡bI GKUv mskq wQj| Avi †mBUv †cwi‡q Avmv Kwei Kv‡Q wQj GKUv eo cix¶vi kvwgj Ñ †h cix¶vq wZwb mm¤§v‡b DËxY© n‡qwQ‡jb| iex›`ªRxe‡bi GB c‡e©i w`‡K ZvKv‡j †`Lv hv‡e, c¨vwi‡mi ci Qwei m¤¢vi wb‡q wZwb P‡j‡Qb evwg©snvg, jÛb, evwj©b, †Wªm‡Wb, gy¨wbL, †WbgvK© I †Rwbfvq| †mme RvqMvq P‡j‡Q Zuvi Qwei cÖ`k©bx| Gici †Rwbfvq †ek K‡qKw`b KvwU‡q iex›`ªbv_ g‡¯‹v‡Z G‡m †cuŠ‡Q‡Qb †m‡Þ¤^‡ii 11 ZvwiL| GLv‡b Zuvi m‡½ Av‡Qb bvwZ †mŠ‡g›`ªbv_ VvKzi, i‡q‡Qb Zuvi `yRb mwPe Ñ DBwjqg Avwiqg I Kwe Awgq PµeZx©, wPwKrmK n¨vwi wU¤^vm© Ges A¨vjevU© AvBb÷vB‡bi Kb¨v gvM©vwiUv AvBb÷vBb| ciw`b A_©vr 12 †m‡Þ¤î mÜ¨vq i“k †dWv‡iwUf cÖRvZ‡š¿i †mvwf‡qZ †jLKgÊjxi hy³-m‡•Ni K¬v‡e iex›`ªbv‡_i Avjvc nq g‡¯‹vi wewkó wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K, weÁvbx, msMxZ I b„Z¨wkíx‡ì m‡½| c‡ii w`‡bB Zuvi AuvKv Qwe I †¯‹P GKwÎZ K‡i dvBb-AvU©m wefv‡Mi wgDwRq‡gi wW‡i±i g.c. wµw¯— I dvBb Av‡U©i Aa¨vcK Av wm‡`vif Av‡iv K‡qKRb wewkó e¨w³eM©‡K cÖ`k©b K‡ib iex›`ªbv_| Avi †mB gyn~‡Z© g‡¯‹v‡Z Zuvi GKwU wPÎ-cÖ`k©bxi Av‡qvR‡bi e¨vcv‡i K_vevZ©v P~ovš— n‡q hvq| cÖ`k©bx D‡Øva‡bi w`b avh© nq 17 †m‡Þ¤î, ¯’vb bZzb cwðwg wkíKjvi wgDwRqg, mgq †ejv wZb‡Uq| D‡Øva‡bi K‡qKw`b Av‡M, 13 †m‡Þ¤î Zvwi‡L g‡¯‹vi wkíx I Kjv mgv‡jvPK‡ì m‡½ iex›`ªbv_ Zuvi wPÎKjv wel‡q `xN© Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| I‡`‡ki wkíx I AvU©-wµwUK‡ì m‡½ †mB K_vevZ©v ivwkqvb fvlvq GKwU wi‡cv‡U©i AvKv‡i aiv Av‡Q| cÖ‡kœvË‡ii AvKv‡i a„Z †mB wi‡cvU© Abymv‡i evsjvq

iex›`ªbv_-Aw¼Z cÖwZK…wZ

wPÎ-cÖ`k©bxi cÖv°v‡j iex›`ªbv_

Ab~w`Z ¯^í-cÖPvwiZ GB AskwU GLv‡b Zz‡j †Ìqv n‡jv| GKwU mv¶vrKv‡ii fw½‡Z †`vfvlxi gva¨‡g GwU MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj| wPÎx iex›`ªbv‡_i Qwe-fvebv I wb‡Ri AuvKv Qwei wel‡q Ggb wKQy †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK Av‡jvPbv KweK‡ÉB GLv‡b aiv c‡o‡Q Ñ hv Avi Ab¨ †Kv_vI cvIqv hvq bv| GLv‡b Avi GKUv †QvÆ K_v †m‡i wb‡Z PvB| g‡¯‹v‡Z _vKvKvjxb Zuvi wPÎ-cÖ`k©bx D‡Øva‡bi Av‡M I c‡i †ek KZK¸‡jv Qwe Gu‡KwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_| †mB wPÎgvjvi g‡a¨ cÖvq `k-ev‡ivwU Qwe wek¦fviZxq iex›`ªfeb msMÖ‡n iw¶Z Av‡Q| †mw`‡K GKUz fv‡jv K‡i j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e, GB Qwe¸‡jvi is-†iLvi êwkó¨ I AvKv‡ii R¨vwgwZ, wdMvi ev A¨vwbg¨vj†gvwUd †hb GKUz ¯^Zš¿| Ges GLv‡b Zuvi Kvjvi-c¨v‡jUI GB c‡e©i Ab¨vb¨ Qwei †_‡K †ek Avjv`v| g‡¯‹vq AuvKv cÖvq me Qwe‡Z wZwb GK ai‡bi `y¨wZgq †eMwb is Ñ Bs‡iwR‡Z hv‡K ej‡Z cvwi, gf& ev g¨v‡R›Uv i‡Oi GKUv Avðh© †Uvb eënvi K‡i‡Qb, hv Ab¨Î Zuvi Qwe‡Z †mfv‡e aiv c‡o bv|

Gev‡i AvwU©÷ iex›`ªbv‡_i †mB mv¶vrKv‡ii w`‡K GKUz †PvL †div‡bv hvK| iex›`ªbv_ : Avgvi cÖwZ Avcbv‡ì msea©bv Avi cÖksmvev‡Kï Rb¨ K…ZÁZv RvbvB| RvwZ‡Z RvwZ‡Z ms‡hv‡Mi †kÖô Dcvq n‡jv ü`q I g‡bi †hvM Ñ Avgvi †`‡ki hv wKQy †kÖô Zv‡Z Avcbv‡ì †`‡kiI AwaKvi, Avcbv‡ì †kÖô hv Zv‡Z AwaKvi mviv gvbeRvwZi| ZvB `vb-cÖwZ`v‡bi cÖK…Z †¶Î ms¯‹…wZ| Avgvi m„wói GB bZzbZg cÖKv‡ki dj Avcbv‡ì Avwg mvb‡›`B †`Lve| G G‡m‡Q G‡Kev‡iB nVvr, †Kv‡bv wk¶v ev cÖ¯‘wZ QvovB| ZvB g‡b Kwi, Gi gb¯—vwË¡K g~j¨ Av‡Q| Aek¨ BI‡iv‡ci Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k, huviv wkí I wkíKxwZ© m¤^‡Ü LyeB mgv‡jvPK Zuviv Avgvq Avk¦vm w`‡q‡Qb †h Avgvi Qwe‡Z bvwK ïaygb¯—vwË¡K AvKl©YB bq wk‡íi D”PZi AvKl©YI Av‡Q, Zuviv Avgvq wkíx e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb, Zvi Rb¨ Avwg LyeB Me©‡eva Kwi| Avcbviv Avgvi cÖ‡Póv m¤^‡Ü Kx fv‡eb Zv Rvb‡Z PvB,

KviY Avcbv‡ì wkímsµvš— g‡Zi Avwg LyeB g~j¨ w`B| Avcbv‡ì Kv‡QI Avgvi Qwe †`Lv‡Z †P‡qwQ, KviY Qwei wfZi w`‡qB Avwg Avcbv‡ì g‡bi cÖZ¨¶ ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Z m¶g ne| K_v w`‡q Zv n‡e bv, KviY fvlvi evav i‡q‡Q| Avgvi Qweiv Avcbv‡ì m‡½ Avjvc Ki‡e †`vfvlxi mvnvh¨ QvovB| mgv‡jvPK : GB QwewUi AvBwWqvUv Kx? iex›`ªbv_ : †Kv‡bv AvBwWqvB †bB| G GKwU Qwe| AvBwWqv _v‡K K_vq, Rxe‡b bq| mgv‡jvPK : Avcbvi Kv‡R D‡jL‡hvM¨ †hŠe‡bi DÏxcbv| Avi †mB Rb¨B Giv GZ †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK| †hŠe‡bi DÏxcbv Zvi Awfe¨w³i cÖK…Z gva¨g Lyu‡R †c‡Z †Kv‡bv evav Abyfe K‡i bv Avi Avcbvi Qwe Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Avw½K M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| Qwe¸‡jv GZB wPËvKl©K †h Avcwb †ckv`vi wkíx n‡jI Zvi AvKl©Y KgZ bv| Avcwb Av‡M KL‡bv Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb? iex›`ªbv_ : KL‡bv bv| mgv‡jvPK : Avcwb cÖ_g †kÖwYi wkíx| cÖwZwU bZzb Qwe g‡b

ivwkqvq e³e¨iZ iex›`ªbv_

MfxiZi Qvc †d‡j, `k©Kiv mevB G †`‡L †ivgvwÂZ| GB Qwe¸‡jv KLb Gu‡KwQ‡jb Zv Rvb‡Z LyeB DrmyK| iex›`ªbv_ : Giv Av‡MKvi| K‡qKwU c‡i AuvKv, K‡qKwU Av‡M| Giv cÖavbZ †iLvcÖavb, is G‡m‡Q c‡i| mgv‡jvPK : K‡qKwUi m‡½ å“‡e‡ji Qwei LyeB wgj Av‡Q, hvi Qwe Avcwb nq‡Zv KL‡bv †`‡Lbwb? iex›`ªbv_ : KL‡bv †`‡LwQ e‡j †Zv g‡b nq bv| mgv‡jvPK : Avcbv‡K †`Lv‡Z cvi‡j LyeB Lywk ne| Ab¨ mgv‡jvPK : fvwi Avb›` n‡Zv hw` Avcbvi Qwe Avgiv †cZvg| Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì wkíxi, i“k wkíxi AuvKv e‡j Zv cÖ`wk©Z Kiv †hZ| mgv‡jvPK : Avcbvi Qwei †Kv‡bv bvg Av‡Q wK? iex›`ªbv_ : †Kv‡bv bvgB †bB| †Kv‡bv bv‡gi K_v fve‡ZB cvwi †b| G‡ì Kxfv‡e eY©bv Kie Rvwb †b| mgv‡jvPK : GwU wK AvcbviB †cv‡Uª©U? iex›`ªbv_ : nu¨v, AvgviB †cv‡U©ªU| GZ Qwe, Avcbv‡ì â‡h©i Ici Ryjyg KiwQ bv †Zv?

ivwkqvq iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Mvwo wN‡i †i‡L‡Qb f³iv, 1930

mgv‡jvPK : evwK Qwe †`L‡Z †c‡j LyeB Avbw›`Z ne| iex›`ªbv_ : Zv‡`i `~i †_‡K †`Lv hv‡e bv| mgv‡jvPK : GwU wK `v‡š—i †cv‡U©ªU? iex›`ªbv_ : bv, `v‡š—i †cv‡Uª©U bq| GUv Gu‡KwQ Rvcvb †_‡K Avmvi c‡_ w÷gv‡i| MZ eQi Avgvi Kjg Zvi wb‡Ri B‡”Qq P‡jwQj, Zvi d‡j GB †h QwewU †`L‡Qb, GwU †`Lv †`q| isUv †c‡qwQ... dj †_‡K| mgv‡jvPK : GUv wK †Kv‡bv we‡kl is? iex›`ªbv_ : bv, mvaviY Sibv Kj‡gi Kvwj| mgv‡jvPK : Avi GB is? iex›`ªbv_ : GwU Kv‡jv Avi jvj Kvwj‡Z AuvKv| G¸‡jv Av‡MKvi Qwe Ñ GB †h¸‡jv Kv‡jv Avi mv`vq AuvKv| mgv‡jvPK : jvj i‡O wKQy Gu‡K‡Qb wK? bv meB Kvwj‡Z? iex›`ªbv_ : nu¨v, ZvB| mgv‡jvPK (Av‡Mi w`b AuvKv GKwU Qwei wel‡q) : GUv wK g‡¯‹vi Bg‡cÖkb? iex›`ªbv_ : GUv KvjB Gu‡KwQ| Rvwb bv Gi m‡½ g‡¯‹vi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© Av‡Q wK bv Ñ †K Rv‡b, nq‡Zv _vK‡Z cv‡i! †`vfvlx : Avgv‡`i Avcwb GZ Avb›` w`‡jb Ñ Avgiv Zvi Rb¨ Avcbv‡K K…ZÁZv RvbvB| Aa¨vcK wµw¯— (†ÎwZqvKf AvU© M¨vjvwii wW‡i±i) ej‡Qb Ñ Avcbv‡K wZwb eûKvj †_‡KB gnvKwe e‡j Rv‡bb, GLv‡b G‡mwQ‡jb GK †kŠwLb wk‡ívrmvnxi wKQy KvR †`L‡Z cv‡eb GB †f‡e| wKš‘ hv

†`L‡jb Zv‡Z wZwb we¯§qvwff‚Z| GB †h Qwe¸‡jv †`Lvi †mŠfvM¨ Zuvi n‡jv Zv‡ì ewjôZvq wZwb AvK…ó| Avcbvi Qwe †h mgMÖ wkíRM‡Zi GK weivU NUbv †m wel‡q wZwb wbwðZ| Zuvi wek¦vm, Avgiv mvs¯‹…wZK I Av_©bxwZK Rxe‡bi me bZzb weKvk‡KB weivU g~j¨ w`B e‡j Avgv‡ì wkíxiv Avcbvi Kv‡Ri m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡q LyeB DcK…Z n‡eb| iex›`ªbv_ : Avcbv‡ì cÖksmvq Avwg LyeB Avbw›`Z| we‡kl fv‡jv jvM‡Q Avcbv‡ì †`‡ki `¶ mgv‡jvPK Avi wkíxiv G-K_v ej‡Qb †R‡b| Avwg Avgvi KvR‡K cÖvq wb®cÖ‡qvRb e‡jB g‡b Ki‡Zg| GKvš— bevMZ e‡j GL‡bv cÖksmvq Af¨¯— nBwb| cÖksmv ïb‡j memgq fvwi Lywk n‡q DwV, KzwÉZ jv‡M KviY wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv gvcKvwV †bB Ñ wkí AwfÁZvi e¨vcK cUf~wg huv‡ì Av‡Q Zuv‡ì Ici fimv K‡i _vwK| mwZ¨B fvwi Avb›` n‡jv Ñ Avgvi KvR Zvwid Ki‡Qb †`‡L LyeB Lywk nw”Q| †`vfvlx : Avcbvi Qwe‡Z Avgv‡ì Drmvn I AvMÖn cÖKv‡k Avgiv AZ¨š— e¨MÖ| wKš‘ Avcwb wbðq Gi g‡a¨B K¬vš— n‡q c‡o‡Qb, ZvB Avcbv‡K Avi wei³ Ki‡Z PvBe bv| cÖ`k©bxi D‡Øva‡b Iuiv mevB hv fve‡Qb ej‡eb| cÖ`k©bxi Rb¨ GKwU we‡kl K¨vUvjM †c‡j Lye evwaZ nZvg| iex›`ªbv_ : Avwg †Zv Qwei †Kv‡bv bvg w`Bwb| hw` bvg †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ib Z‡e Avcbv‡ìB †mB Î“wU c~iY Ki‡Z eje| Avgvi wb‡Ri c‡¶ Zv m¤¢e bq| †`vfvlx : Qwei bv‡gi †Kv‡bvB cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Avgiv Avcbvi KvQ †_‡K Avcbvi wk‡íi e¨vL¨v K‡i GKUv f‚wgKv Rv‡Zi wKQy PvB| iex›`ªbv_ : †Zgb GKUv wKQy †eva nq Kiv Av‡Q, Bsj‡ÛB K‡iwQ‡jg| †`vfvlx : Avgiv we‡klfv‡e GB †`‡ki Rb¨B GKUv PvB Avcbvi åg‡Yi ¯§„wZ wn‡m‡e| iex›`ªbv_ : †ek, Zv Kie| †`vfvlx : Avcbvi Qwe (g.c. wµw¯—i c‡¶) AcÖZ¨vwkZ wKQy bq| wZwb hv Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb ZvB †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Qb| cÖ`k©bxi Rb¨ Qwe¸‡jv Kxfv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡e Zvi GKUv cvi¤úh© K‡i w`‡Z Avcbv‡K Aby‡iva Ki‡Qb| iex›`ªbv_ : Avgvi g‡b nq Avcwb wb‡R bvbv aib †e‡Q wbw`©ó K‡i †mB Abymv‡i hw` mvRvb Zvn‡jB fv‡jv nq| G‡ì Kvjch©vq Avgvi g‡b †bB| GB KZ¸‡jv Ab¨‡ì †P‡q Av‡MKvi Ñ GUzKz Avwg Rvwb| wKš‘ AuvKvi ZvwiL Avgvi wVK g‡b †bB| ZvB g‡b nq AuvKvi mgq Abymv‡i bq, Avcwb wb‡R †e‡Q bvbv aib Abymv‡i hw` mvRvb Z‡eB huviv †`L‡Z Avm‡eb Zuv‡ì myweav n‡e| †`vfvlx : G-K_v ï‡b (g.c. wµw¯—) Avbw›`Z n‡q‡Qb| wZwbI G‡ì Kvjch©vq Abyhvqx bq, GKgvÎ ÷vBj AbyhvqxB mvRv‡Z Pvb| iex›`ªbv_ : Avgvi KvR Avwg K‡iwQ| mvRvevi fvi GLb Avcbv‡ì Ici| †`vfvlx : GLv‡b huviv Av‡Qb Zuviv ej‡Qb, Ab¨ wkíxivI hw` Avcbvi g‡Zv fve‡Zb Zvn‡j Lye fv‡jv n‡Zv| †h Avb›` †cjvg Zvi Rb¨ Av‡iKevi K…ZÁZv Rvwb‡q Avgiv we`vq †be| 

wk‡ivbvgnxb

Avwg †Nvov mybxj my kx j mv nv

nu¨v,

GB bv‡gB Zuvi wek¦L¨vwZ| KjKvZvi GK e‡bw`cvov Ñ 10wm iRbx fÆvPvh© †jb, KjKvZv-26; KvjxNv‡Ui GB evwo‡ZB Zuvi Rb¥ 1939 mv‡ji 4 AvM÷| evevi bvg cÖfvmP›`ª `vm, gv Ñ b›`ivwb `vm| GB L¨vwZgvb wkíxi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQjvg MZ eQi `yM©vcy‡Rvi gy‡L, iweev‡ii GK mÜ¨vq| K_vi wc‡V K_v, Zvi wc‡V Avevi K_vi ga¨ w`‡q dz‡U DVj GK eogv‡ci wkíxi n‡q IVv, GKRb mr gvby‡li PovB-DZivB‡qi hvcb-e„Ëvš—| wZwb mybxj `vm| Aš—i½ AvjvcPvwiZvq †mB gvbylUvB g~Z© n‡q DV‡jb| ÔAvgvi Qwe AuvKv K‡e †_‡K ïi“ n‡jv Ñ GB cÖ‡kœi DËi GKUvB, gvZ…M‡f©B Avwg Qwe AuvKv ïi“ K‡iwQjvg| nu¨v, ZvB| Avgvi gv e‡j‡Qb, Avwg bvwK Zuvi M‡f©i †fZ‡iB nvZ eywj‡q Qwe AuvKZvg| IBfv‡eB ïi“ Avgvi Qwe AuvKv| hLb c„w_exi Av‡jv †`Ljvg, GKUz GKUz K‡i eo n‡Z ïi“

Kijvg, Avgv‡K Zvov K‡i wdij AuvwKeyuwKi IB bvbv wk¶v| GKUz hLb eo njvg| iv¯—v w`‡q nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z wm‡bgvi e¨vbvi †cv÷vi Qwe AuvKv ùvwo‡q ùvwo‡q †`LZvg| †mBme wkíxi `ª“ZMwZ‡Z AuvKv, `y-PviwU †÷ªv‡Ki ga¨ w`‡q †Pbv gy‡Li Av`j g~Z© Kiv Avgv‡K AevK KiZ| Gfv‡eB †K‡U †hZ NÈvi ci NÈv| KvjxNv‡Ui gvbyl Avwg| `ywbqvRy‡o GLvbKvi cUwP‡Îi L¨vwZ| ZvB A‡bK †KŠZ‚nj wb‡q GLvbKvi cUzqv‡ì evwo‡Z GKmgq wbqwgZ †hZvg| gb w`‡q I‡ì AuvKv †`LZvg| wKš‘ wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ eySjvg cUwPÎ Avgv‡K Uvb‡Q bv| †Kgb †hb MwZnxb i³k~b¨ g‡b n‡Zv IBme Qwe| cUwP‡Î †Kv‡bv P¨v‡jÄ †bB| g‡b n‡jv †n_v bq, †n_v bq, Ab¨ †Kv_v, Ab¨ †KvbLv‡b| †ivgvÂ, kw³ Avi cÖwZc‡¶i m‡½ jovB Kivi Avb›` Avgvi PvB|Õ GB gvbylUvi †Q‡j‡ejvUv wQj `yiš—cbvq fiv| Pzwi KivUv‡K †mmgq GKUv eo wkí e‡j wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb| Zuvi †mB `yózwgi K_v Zuvi wb‡Ri fvlv‡ZB GKUz ïwb| Ô†QvU‡ejvq k‡Li †Pvi e‡j Avgvi †ek mybvg wQj| Gi Mv‡Qi †cqviv, Ii evwoi Qv` †_‡K AvPvi BZ¨vw` nvwZ‡q †bevi bvbviKg K…r‡KŠkj ZLb Avgvi `L‡j| memgq †h aiv cwowb, Zv bq| ZLb Avwg ˆK‡kvi †cwi‡qwQ| eQi †PvÏ-c‡b‡iv eqm n‡e| mevB wg‡j wcKwbK Kie wVK Kijvg| wVK n‡jv, GRb¨ †h gvsm jvM‡e †mB gyiwM¸‡jv Avwg Pzwi K‡i Avbe| †m GK †ivgvÂKi Mí| mvivivZ a‡i Pzwii QK Kljvg| Mfxi iv‡Z Avgvi †bZ…‡Z¡ gyiwM Pzwi ïi“ n‡jv| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki nv‡Z wf‡R MvgQv| GB iKg MvgQv w`‡q gyiwM ai‡j Zviv †PuPvq bv Ñ GUv A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB †R‡b wM‡qwQjvg| hv †nvK, gyiwM Pzwi m¤úbœ n‡jv wKš‘ Kxfv‡e †hb Avgv‡ì †`‡L †d‡jwQj Kviv| Zviv evwo‡Z Avgvi bvg e‡j †Ìqvq ciw`b wcKwbK †k‡l evwo wd‡i †mwK cÖPÊ agK evevi| w`we¨ w`‡q bvKLZ w`‡Z n‡jv| GgbB `wm¨ wQjvg Avwg| GKevi †Zv evwR a‡i †j‡Ki g‡a¨ †h †QvÆ AvBj¨vÛ Av‡Q †mLv‡b ivwÎ‡ejv muvZvi w`‡q †cuŠ‡Q dv÷© njvg| †cjvg GK nuvwo im‡Mvjv| GB `wm¨cbv, GB `yiš— MwZgqZv cieZx©Kv‡j Avgvi Qwe‡Z G‡m‡Q| GKmgq Avwg fv‡jv †L‡jvqvo wQjvg| †Ljvi g‡a¨ †h †eM I Av‡eM _v‡K ZvI GKai‡bi wkí| GB Rb¨ Avgvi Qwe‡ZI G‡m‡Q GK ai‡bi MwZ‡eM| GKUv `yiš— kw³ Avgvi Qwe AuvKvi †cÖiYv| Avgvi QweI ZvB ¯’wei bq, MwZgq|Õ Avcwb Kx K‡i ¯‹z‡ji MwÊ †cwi‡q AvU© K‡j‡R cv ivL‡jb? evwoi mvq wQj G‡Z? Ôbv, evwoi mvq wQj bv| cÖ_‡gB evev †eu‡K em‡jb| g~jZ cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì Drmv‡nB Avgvi g‡a¨ Qwe AuvKvi †R` ˆZwi n‡qwQj| ZvB wVK K‡iwQjvg, AvU© K‡j‡R fwZ© ne| ZvB evevi Avk¼v Ñ bv †L‡q gi‡Z n‡e Ñ G‡K fyj cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ D‡Vc‡o jvMjvg| Avgvi GB D”PvKv•¶v ZLb †_‡KB g‡bi g‡a¨ evmv ey‡b‡Q| †Kbbv Avwg RvbZvg, Qwe AuvKvB Avgvi GKgvÎ KvR| Gi evB‡i Avwg Avi wKQy fve‡Z cvwi bv| Avgvi Rxeb w`‡q Avwg †mUv cÖgvY K‡iwQ|Õ

luvo

wk‡ivbvgnxb

AvU© K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡jb K‡e? †Kgb wQj †mmgqKvi Rxeb? Kxfv‡e QvÎve¯’v‡ZB †Nvovi Qwe AuvK‡Z DØy× n‡jb? cyi‡bv †mB w`‡bi K_v GKUz ej‡eb? Ô†mUv 1956 mvj| AvU© K‡j‡Ri cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶vq emjvg| Avgvi AuvKv †`‡L KZ©„c¶ Lywk n‡q Avgv‡K mivmwi wØZxqe‡l© fwZ© K‡i wb‡jb| AvwgI ixwZg‡Zv AevK| †mB ïi“| Avwg KL‡bv kÖgwegyL wQjvg bv| †mB mgq w`bivZ Qwe AuvKvq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i _vKZvg| GKUvB j¶¨ Ñ Avgv‡K wb‡Ri cv‡q ùvov‡Z n‡e| K¬v‡m kxl© n‡Z n‡e| e„wË Avgv‡K †c‡ZB n‡e| †m GK gnv e¨¯—Zvi mgq| mKvj mvZUvq evwo †_‡K wUwdb wb‡q †e‡ivB| ZLb cÖwZw`b evev w`‡Zb PviAvbv nvZ LiP| †mB mgq Avwg cÖavbZ AuvKZvg Mi“-QvMj| cï‡ì Qwe AuvKvq wm‡jev‡m b¤î wQj| K‡jR QywUi ci wkqvj`n †÷k‡b P‡j †hZvg| ZLb c~e©e½ †_‡K AvMZ DØv¯‘‡ì Xj †b‡g‡Q PZzw`©‡K| AbeiZ Zuv‡ì Qwe AuvwK wKš‘ Z…wß cvB bv| Avwg †hb ZLb Kx Luy‡R †eovw”Q| Rvwb bv| nVvr GKw`b Gm Gb e¨vbvwR© †iv‡W †`L‡Z †cjvg gvD›U cywj‡ki GKUv †ZwR †Nvov| PKP‡K †`n| A™¢yZ D×Z fw½| nVvr g‡b n‡jv GZw`b †h e‡mwQ‡jg c_ †P‡q Avi Kvj¸‡Y| Ñ Gi Rb¨B|Õ Avcwb †mB wkíx, whwb †mB mgq w`‡bi ci w`b Av¯—ve‡j eû¶Y KvwU‡q‡Qb| Lye KvQ †_‡K †`‡L‡Qb †Nvov‡ì PvjPjb| IB `yM©Ühy³ cwi‡e‡k w`‡bi ci w`b Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| Avcbvi †mB †gavm¤úbœ g‡bvwb‡ek Avcbv‡K GKw`b Kxfv‡e mvd‡jï gyL †`Lvj †mB AvL¨vbwU ïbe| ïbe †mB Av¯—ve‡ji w`b¸‡jvi K_v| Ô†mB †h gvD›U cywj‡ki †ZwR †Nvov †`‡L _g‡K wM‡qwQjvg| g‡b n‡qwQj, Avwg †c‡q †MwQ Avgvi Qwe AuvKvi welq| †Nvov ZLb Avgvq ixwZg‡Zv fi K‡iwQj| †Nvovi †ZwR fw½, †`nmylgv, Pvnwb I D×Z ¯^fv‡ei m‡½ wb‡Ri wgj Luy‡R †c‡qwQjvg †hb| GKw`b mvnm K‡i IB †Nvov‡ì Av¯—ve‡j P‡j †Mjvg| gvD›U cywj‡ki †mB Av¯—ve‡j AbygwZ bv wb‡q †XvKvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB evav †cjvg wekvjKvq `v‡ivqv‡bi KvQ †_‡K| Zvi m‡½ hLb Avgvi ev`vbyev` Pj‡Q ZLb GKRb Aíe‡qwm Awdmvi GwM‡q G‡jb| Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb Avgvi AwfcÖvq| Zuvi my›ì mcÖwZf gyLfw½gv †`‡L Avgvi cÖv‡Y Rj G‡jv| Zuv‡K ejjvg, AvU© K‡j‡R Gwbg¨vj ÷vwWi Rb¨ Avwg †Nvovi Qwe AuvKe| Lye KvQ †_‡K †`Le †Nvov‡ì PvjPjb| †mB AwdmviwU Avgvi K_vq Avk¦¯— n‡q Avgv‡K †fZ‡i †XvKvi AbygwZ w`‡jb| †mB Zi“Y Awdmvi wWmyRvi †mŠR‡b¨B †Nvovi m‡½ Avgvi gy‡LvgywL Avjvc ïi“ n‡jv| †m GK PgrKvi AwfÁZv| †Nvovi ¯^fv‡ei g‡a¨ †h fqk~b¨Zv wQj, Zvi D×Z fw½i g‡a¨ †h †ZR Avwg j¶ K‡iwQ ZvB-B Qwe n‡q DVj Avgvi K¨vbfv‡m| Avgvi Qwe AuvwK‡q Rxe‡bi ïi“‡ZB †Nvov Ggbfv‡e Avgv‡K cÖvwYZ Kij †h AwP‡iB Avwg †Nvov `vm bv‡g cwiwPZ n‡q †Mjvg| †m GK mgq †M‡Q| ZLb AvwgI eq‡m Zi“Y| ¯^fv‡ei K_v †Zv Av‡MB e‡jwQ| K‡j‡Ri K¬vm †k‡l IB Gm Gb e¨vbvwR© †iv‡Wi †Nvovi Av¯—ve‡j Xy‡K cwo| KL‡bv KL‡bv mvivivZ †Nvov‡ì m‡½ K_v ewj, I‡ì PvjPjb wbix¶Y

†Nvovi gv_v

luvo

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Pvi“wkí wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡bi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| cÖvwZôvwbK iƒ‡c wZwb cÖ_g BwZnvm, HwZn¨ Avi ms¯‹…wZ‡K mgš^‡qi GKwbô D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Qb| wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b 1948 mv‡j wkíwk¶vi cÖwZôvb c~e© cvwK¯—vb Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv gnvwe`¨vjq cÖwZôv K‡ib| 1961 mv‡j G cÖÖwZôv‡b g„rwkí wefvM hvÎv ïi“ K‡i| wkíx gxi †gv¯—dv Avjx G wefv‡Mi cÖavb wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb g„rwkí ˆZwii cÖwµqv †`Lv Ges †kLvi Rb¨ iv‡qievRvi GjvKvi cvj m¤cÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q wbqwgZ hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ cvjwkíxiv Zuv‡K †kLv‡bvi †¶‡Î †gv‡UB AvMÖnx wQ‡jb bv| KviY GB wkí g~jZ eskci¤úivq GwM‡q hvq e‡jB aviYv wQj| GB mg‡q wkíx gxi †gv¯—dv Avjx j¶ K‡ib, GK wK‡kv‡ii Avðh© `¶Zv! GB wK‡kvi ûBj †_ªvBs‡qi gva¨‡g PgrKvi me g„rwkí `ª“ZZvq evwb‡q P‡j‡Qb Ñ bvg j²xbvivqY cvj| wkívPvh©‡K gxi †gv¯—dv

Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb GB wK‡kv‡ii cÖwZfvi K_v| Avi wkívPvh© GB wK‡kvi‡K †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Ab¨vb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v‡K ¸i“Z¡ bv w`‡q ïay Zvi KvwiMwi w`K we‡ePbv K‡i fwZ© K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb g„rwkí wefv‡M| GB wm×vš— †h hyMvš—Kvix wQj Zv cieZx©Kv‡j `„óvš— ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| wkíx gxi †gv¯—dv Avjx Ges Rvcvwb g„rwkíx †KvBwP ZvwKZvi ZË¡veav‡b Aí KRb QvÎ wb‡q wefv‡Mi m~Pbv N‡U| j²xbvivqY KLb giYPuv` cvj n‡q I‡Vb, Zvi cÖK…Z Z_¨ cvIqv bv †M‡jI m~Îg‡Z wkívPvh© Zuv‡K GB bv‡g cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| wkíx giYPuv` †mB ïi“ †_‡K `¶Zv Avi Kg©wbôvq g„rwkí wefvM †_‡K mdjfv‡e †jLvcov †kl K‡ib| 1963 mv‡j wZwb g„rwk‡íi wefvMxq wk¶K wn‡m‡e Pvi“Kjv Abyl‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| giYPuv` cvj evsjv‡`‡ki g„rwk‡íi ¯^cœ`ªóv| 1945 mv‡j i“`ªcvj m¤cÖ`v‡qi mvaviY GK cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb cÖwZfvai wkíx giYPuv` cvj| cvwievwiK HwZn¨‡K m‡½ wb‡q AvaywbK wkíwk¶vi mswgkÖ‡Y g„rwk‡í cÖv‡Yi RvMiY m„wó K‡ib wZwb| wkíxi `¶Zv‡K wPš—v Avi eyw×gËvi mgš^‡q Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq wkíK‡g©| evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwk‡íi HwZn¨ Avi m„wókxjZvi mswgkÖ‡Y wkíx giYPuv` m„Rb K‡i‡Qb bZzb e¨wZµgx wkíKg©, hv cieZx©Kv‡j GKwU Nivbvi m„wó K‡i‡Q| wkíx giYPuv` evsjvi wejyßcÖvq †Ucv cyZzj‡K wbR¯^ m„Rb‰kjx‡Z bZzbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wkíK‡g© g~j dg© G-AÂ‡ji wewfbœ HwZn¨ †_‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges wbLuyZ h‡Zœ wbR¯^ wPš—v ms‡hvRb K‡i ¯^vZš¿¨ wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| dg© fvOvi `¶Zv, d‡g©i mijxKiY, †`kxq cÖKvkfw½, ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ g„wËKvi Rv`yKi wn‡m‡e mgv`„Z K‡i GB wkíx‡K|

evsjv‡`k n¯—wkí cÖ`k©bx‡Z 1967 †_‡K 1974 mvj ch©š— †kÖô g„rwkíx wn‡m‡e cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib Ges evsjv‡`k ¶z`ª I KzwUiwkí Ki‡cv‡ikb †_‡K †kÖô Kvi“wkíx wn‡m‡eI cyi¯‹…Z nb| KvwiKv evsjv‡`k n¯—wkí mgevq dvD‡Ûkb wjwg‡UW KZ„©K 2000 mv‡j gv÷vi µ¨vdUmg¨vb m¤§vbbv cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zuv‡K| Avi RvZxq Kvi“wkíx cwil` †_‡K 2001 mv‡j Ôwkjy Av‡e` cyi¯‹viÕ jvf K‡ib| wkíx giYPuv` `xN© mgq XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Pvi“Kjv Abyl‡`i g„rwkí wefv‡M wk¶KZv K‡ib| GQvov wZwb 1974 †_‡K 1977 mvj ch©š— KvwiKv evsjv‡`k n¯—wkí mgevq †dWv‡ikb wjwg‡U‡Wi cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ Ges 1976-77 ch©š— mgvRKj¨vY Awa`ß‡ii cÖwk¶K wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi I †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M wkíx giYPuv` cv‡ji wkíKg© wewfbœ †`k‡K Dcnvi wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ôgv I wkï †Ucv cyZzjÕ hy³iv‡óªi mv‡eK †cÖwm‡W›U wej wK¬bU‡bi evsjv‡`k mdiKv‡j cÖ`vb Kiv nq, hv eZ©gv‡b †nvqvBU nvD‡m msiw¶Z i‡q‡Q| †dvK‡jvi cÖ‡dmi †nbwi Mvwm Zuvi AvU© A¨vÛ jvBd Bb evsjv‡`k MÖ‡š’ wkíx giYPuv` cv‡ji wkíxRxeb Ges wkíK‡g©i Ici M‡elYv mshy³ K‡i‡Qb| GKRb AvZ¥gMœ-cÖPviwegyL wkíx wn‡m‡e giYPuv` cvj memgqB mgmvgwqKKv‡ji A‡MvP‡i Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡i wM‡q‡Qb| m¤cÖwZ wkíx giYPuv` cv‡ji `xN© mg„× Kg©gq Rxe‡bi cwimgvwß N‡U‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki g„rwk‡íi BwZnv‡m Zuvi Ae`vb wkívbyivMxiv kÖ×vf‡i ¯§iY Ki‡eb| wkíx giYPuv` cvj : Rb¥ 1945 mv‡j| evev †Mvcvj nwicvj, gvZv myievjv cvj| g„Zz¨ : 2013 mv‡j| 

Avgvbyj nK, ïwUs‡qi duv‡K

Avgvi †`‡ki wPÎKi Avgvbyj nK ˆm q `v dv i nv bv

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gxbv¶x : cÂv‡ki `k‡K †Zvjv mv`v-Kv‡jv wcÖ‡›U nv‡Z is Kiv

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c~e©‡`k cwÎKvi cÖ”Q`, 27 GwcÖj, 1968

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Uªvqv½y‡jv, e¨v‡¼v wgwb‡iv `v cÖWmvI cÖavb Kvh©vjq BZ¨vw` eûZjvwewkó fe‡b †mB mg‡qi KwVb-`„p MVbixwZi wecix‡Z nvjKv, ¯^”Q I mvaviY êwk‡ó¨ AmvaviY me ¯’vcZ¨K…wZ ms‡hvRb K‡ib| Av‡iv D‡jL¨, ¯’vb ev cwim‡ii m‡½ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i wbwg©Z feb‡K we‡klvwqZ Kivi cÖ‡Póv †hgb Ebwesk kZvãxi HwZnëvnx K¨v‡Ûjvwiqv wMR©v ¯’vc‡Zï m‡½ AmKv‡ii †mB bMi feb¸‡jvi wbwg©wZ I ¯’vcbv-cÖwµqv| 1947 mv‡j AmKvi bvB‡g‡q‡ii ¯’vcZ¨‡ckv-Rxe‡b GKwU D‡jL‡hvM¨ NUbvi m~ÎcvZ nq| GKwU Avš—Rv© wZK ¯’cwZ ms‡Ni m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wbDBq‡K© Av‡mb RvwZmsN cÖavb Kvh©vjq fe‡bi bKkv m¤úv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Ges †j Keyw© m‡q‡ii m‡½ †hŠ_fv‡e †evW© Ae wWRvB‡b Zuv‡ì ÔcÖKí-23/32Õ Rgv †`b| Gu‡ì m‡½ ¯’cwZ ew`qvbw¯‹ I I‡qRgvbI wQ‡jb Ges c‡i Zuv‡ì bKkv M„nxZ nq| ZLb AmKvi I Keyw© m‡q‡ii g‡bvbxZ RvwZmsN cÖavb Kvh©vjq fe‡bi bKkvwU cÖKí cwiPvjK ¯’cwZ Iqv‡jm n¨vwimb I Zuvi Askx`vi ¯’cwZ g¨v· Aveiv‡gvwfR Øviv Av‡iv DbœZ Avi cwigvwR©Z n‡q eZ©gvb iƒ‡c ¯’vwcZ nq| AmKv‡ii eqm ZLb Pwjk eQi| †mB mg‡q hy³iv‡óª _vKvKvjxb wZwb cÖkvš— gnvmvM‡ii Zx‡i evU©b wR wÎ‡mb evmfeb wbmM©-¯’cwZ evwj© gv‡·©i m‡½ wg‡j bKkv K‡ib, hv Lye e¨wZµgx wQj| †m-mg‡q gvwK©wb‡ì R‡b¨ †KŠZzKKi GK mnRvZ êlgägx© NUbv N‡U| †mUv 1946 mv‡j, hLb Zuv‡K B‡qj wek¦we`¨vjq KZ…c © ¶ wk¶KZv Kivi R‡b¨ m¤§vbRbKfv‡e GKRb m„wókxj ¯’cwZ wn‡m‡e Avgš¿Y Rvbvq Ges †h‡nZz wZwb eªvwRj Kgy¨wb÷ cvwU©i m`m¨ wQ‡jb ZvB Zuv‡K Avðh©RbKfv‡e wfmv cÖ`v‡b gvwK©b miKvi A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| Gic‡i Avevi 1953 mv‡j Zuvi hLb †QPwjk eQi eqm, nvf©vW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ¯’vcZ¨ wefvM A_©vr nvf©vW© MÖ¨vRy‡qU ¯‹jz Ae wWRvB‡b wWb wn‡m‡e wk¶KZv Kivi R‡b¨ WvKv nq, ZL‡bv Kgy¨wb÷ Av`‡k©i Abymvix hv wZwb AvRxeb wQ‡jb, †m Kvi‡Y NUbvi cybive„wË †`Lv hvq| GBme Aa¨vq Øviv †evSv hvq, Av‡gwiKv evB‡ii w`K w`‡q hZUzKz D`vi I gy³ ZZUzKz †fZ‡i †fZ‡i Avoó Ges Ave×| Zviv ivR‰bwZK †gŠjev‡ì Abymvix Ges GLbvewa †mB AcwieZ©bxq gZv`‡k© wek¦vm K‡i Avm‡Q, hv wkíRM‡Z m„wókxjZvi wePvi I g~j¨‡ev‡a memgq cwiZ¨vR¨, AMÖnY‡hvM¨ †Zv e‡UB| 1948 mvj †_‡KB AmKv‡ii ¯’vc‡Z¨ wbR¯^ †gŠwjK fvebv cÖ‡qv‡Mi welqwU j¶ Kiv hvq| cvgcyjnv cÖK‡í eëüZ c¨viv‡evwjK AvP© ev Awae„wËK wLjvbixwZ Qvwo‡q wZwb Av‡iv D™¢vweZ wewfbœ ¯’vcZ¨‰kjx m„wó‡Z cvi`kx© wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖgvwYZ K‡ib Ges †m Kvi‡Y wZwb ¯’vcZ¨K‡g©i wbR wkí¸‡Y Avš—Rv© wZKfv‡e L¨vwZ AR©b Ki‡Z mg_© nb| Zuvi ¯’vcZ¨wb`k©‡bi Øviv Zuv‡K fv¯‹i‡ì m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv ïi“ nq| G mgq A_©vr 1950 mvj †_‡K wZwb eû cÖK‡íi ¯’vcZ¨K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ nb| eªvwR‡j ZLb feb wbg©vY I Dbœq‡bi eûgyLx †Rvqvi| wZwb †m-mg‡q mvI cvI‡jv kn‡ii Pvi‡kv eQi c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ Bweivcy‡qiv we‡bv`b D`¨vb cÖK‡íi KvR ïi“ K‡ib| wekvj Zuveym`„k ¯’vcbv¸‡jv Gu‡K‡eu‡K gy³ n‡q Pj‡Q Ges fe‡bi wb‡P Bs‡iwR IqvB-Y I WweD-W AvKv‡ii Lvov ¯—‡¤¢i eënvi| ZLb GB we‡kl ˆkjxwU e¨vcKfv‡e A‡bK ¯’cwZ AbymiY K‡ib I †ek RbwcÖq n‡q I‡V; hwÌ G¸‡jv‡Z Ke©iy BDbvBU wW n¨vwe‡Ukb fe‡bi m‡½ wgj Ly‡u R cvIqv hvq, ZvB †m¸‡jv‡K bvB‡g‡qi-

ms¯‹iY cÖwµqvRvZ e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 1951 mv‡ji Z`vbxš—b miKv‡ii GK nvRvi A¨vcvU©‡g›U ev emevm cÖKí, 1953-66-Gi mvI cvI‡jv kn‡ii †K‡›`ª †Kvcvb emevm cÖKí, †e‡jv nivBR‡›Ui wgR fvÛv‡ii 1922-Gi feb g‡Zv bvB‡g‡qi emevm cÖKí, cvVvMvi feb Ñ Gme D‡jL‡hvM¨| †Kvcvb cÖKí G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e¨wZµgagx©| KviY m‡PZbfv‡e Avbyf‚wgK ¯’vcbvixwZ, kn‡ii †K‡›`ª evwYR¨ GjvKvq emwZ wbg©vY, fe‡b weªR-mwjj ev †iv‡ì Zvc I Av‡jv wb‡ivaK Rvwj eënvi I cÖPwjZ Dj¤^ ewjô MVb ev wbwg©wZi cwie‡Z© bvB‡g‡q‡ii †Kvgj ev †cje I jxjvwqZ bKkv-†KŠk‡j ev¯—evqb Ñ GBme wb‡q wQj Gi ¯’vcZ¨ êwkó¨vewj| A‡bK emevmM„n wZwb bKkv K‡ib, †hgb Zuvi evevi R‡b¨ wbwg©Z †g‡›`R AÂ‡ji feb wiIi †gv‡i †b‡Uv feb, wjI‡bj wgiv›`v feb, Kvfv‡bjvm feb, Kv‡bvqvm feb BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wgiv›`v I †b‡Uv fe‡b eëüZ `ywU †cuPv‡bv ev k¼zeË„ Mo‡b Xvjyfv‡e IVv-bvgvi wmuwo wb‡q cÖRvcwZi `ywU †gjv‡bv Wvbvm`„k Amg‡KvYx _v‡gi Ici Av”Qv`b Ges cvnvwo RvqMvi m‡½ wgj †i‡L Zuveyi g‡Zv avZzwbwg©Z Qv` wb‡q weL¨vZ Kvfv‡bjvm feb D‡jL¨| Z‡e me‡P‡q AvKl©Yxq g‡b Kiv nq 1953 mv‡j ˆZwi AmKvi bvB‡g‡q‡ii wb‡Ri R‡b¨ evmM„n

eªvwmwjqvi †g‡UªvcwjUb K¨vw_Wªvj

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Ggb ¯^xKv‡ivw³g~jK AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbvq wb‡qvwRZ n‡q c‡ob Ges †mme Zuvi m¤úv`bvq gWyB‡jv cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| Av‡Mi †mB Keyq© x ¯’vcZ¨wPš—vi weªR mwjj, cvBjwUm, Zuveym`„k wbwg©wZ, fvix ai‡bi fv¯‹hm© jy f AvqZb-AvKv‡ii cwie‡Z© `„wób›`b ¯^”Q I mvejxj cÖKw… ZRvZ MVb‰kjxi w`‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡Z _v‡Kb| GB Av‡Z¥vcjwäZ aviYv‡K w`‡cvB‡g‡š—v e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Nb Mo‡bi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix KvVv‡gvi mnRvZ cÖKv‡k iƒcvwqZ Ges we¯—…Z †mB ixwZ-†KŠkj ¯’vcZ¨ wbg©v‡Y wb‡q G‡m bZzb GK †gŠwjK m„wó Aa¨vq ˆZwi‡Z m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e| GUv ey‡SwQ‡jb AvUvbœ eQi eq‡m| 1955 mv‡j KvivKv‡m AvaywbK Pvi“Kjv wk‡íi GK Rv`yN‡ii ¯’vcZ¨-bKkv K‡ib, hvi †fZi w`‡q AmKv‡ii cÖv¸³ wPš—v‡PZbvi cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq| KvivKvm kn‡ii †K›`ª †_‡K Pviw`‡Ki cvnvo-ce©‡Zi †Niv‡Uv‡c Dj‡Uv-wcivwgW MV‡b we`¨gvb wbm‡M©i g‡a¨ GwU ¯’vwcZ| A¯^”Q Nb‡K fe‡bi †`qvj k³fv‡e †cÖvw_Z Ges evB‡ii m‡½ m¤úK©nxb| Qv` †_‡K Av‡jv Avmvi eë¯’v Ges cÖhwy ³wbf©i Zvi mÂvjb| †KŠkj I Xvjy wmuwo ev i¨v¤ú w`‡q wewfbœ D”PZvq hvIqvi eë¯’vmn ¯^vaxbfv‡e evavnxb cÖengvbZv wb‡q Gi g‡bvig cwim‡ii m„wó| GB iKg mnRvZ mij RwUjvgy³ MVb‰kjxi ga¨ w`‡q ¯’vc‡Z¨ GK weï× jvwjZ¨ I mylg cwikxjZv wb‡q Avm‡Z †`Lv wM‡q‡Q Ges cieZx© mg‡q eªvwmwjqv cÖK‡íi wewfbœ fe‡b Gi cÖwZdwjZ iƒc cwi®‹vi n‡q dz‡U I‡V| ZLb 1956 mvj| Nwbô eÜz eªvwR‡ji ivóªcwZ Rv‡mwj‡bv KzweUm‡P‡Ki m‡½ †m‡Þ¤î gv‡mi GK mKv‡j AmKvi bvB‡g‡qi GK †gvUihv‡b K‡i kn‡i wdiwQ‡jb| ZLb Zuv‡K ivóªcwZ Lye AvMÖ‡ni m‡½ ej‡jb, ÔAvwg GB †`‡ki R‡b¨ GK bZzb ivRavbx M‡o Zzje, †Zvgvi mvnvh¨ PvB...| †kv‡bv AmKvi, Gevi Avgiv eªvwR‡ji ivRavbx ˆZwi Ki‡Z hvw”Q|Õ †mB `vwqZ¡ AmKvi‡K †Ìqv nq| cieZx© mg‡q bvB‡g‡qi eªvwmwjqv bMi cwiKíbvi

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eªvwmwjqv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib| †mB we‡kl mg‡q Gm‡ei Av‡M wZwb divwm †`‡k wM‡q c¨vwi‡mi jyf Rv`yN‡i GKwU cÖ`k©bxi Av‡qvR‡b Rwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| ZLb 1966 mvj, AmKv‡ii eqm EblvU eQi, †jevb‡bi wÎcwj‡Z wZwb GKwU Avš—Rv© wZK ¯’vqx cÖ`k©bx †K‡›`ªi bKkv K‡ib Ges bKkvbyhvqx wbg©vYKvh© †kl n‡jI †jevb‡bi M„nhy‡×i R‡b¨ Zv cwic~YZ © v AR©‡b e¨_© nq| c¨vwi‡m muv‡R wj‡Ri ¯’vcZ¨ Kvh©vjq †_‡K GKRb wbe©vwmZ ¯’cwZ wn‡m‡e A‡bK cÖK‡íi bKkv K‡ib| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ divwm Kgy¨wb÷ cvwU©i cÖavb Kvh©vjq ¯’cwZ Ruv †` †ev‡P I †k‡g‡Ui m‡½ †cm `y K‡b©j, AvjwRwiqvi ûwi ey‡gw`b weÁvb I cÖhwy ³ wek¦we`¨vjq, BZvwji g›`v`wi cÖKvkbv ms¯’vi feb, dzÂvj AÂ‡ji gvwìv‡Z Ebwesk kZvãxi cyi‡bv †nv‡U‡ji RvqMvq GK K¨vwm‡bv cÖKí Ñ Gme D‡jL¨| G-mg‡q AmKvi A‡bK Avmevec‡Îi bKkv K‡ib, †hgb gwewjqvi B›Uvib¨vkbvj ms¯’vi R‡b¨ BwR‡Pqvi I j¤^v †njvbwenxb Mw`-AuvUv Avmb Ñ me mxwgZmsL¨K MÖvnK‡ì R‡b¨| 1978 mv‡j IBme Avmeve, †Pqvi, wiI †PR-jsmn eªvwR‡ji GK Rvcvwb †Kv¤úvwb †Z‡›`v eªvwmwjiv ˆZwi Ki‡Z _v‡K| euvKv Kv‡Vi cÖhwy ³ wb‡q †Pqvi I Ab¨vb¨ AvmevecÎ c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki Kgy¨wb÷ cvwU©i cÖavb Kvh©vj‡q eënvi Kivi wb‡`©k †Ìqv nq| AmKv‡ii bKkv Kiv wewfbœ ai‡bi †Pqvi I Avmevec‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q eªvwR‡ji myMvi †jvd ev kK©ivgwÊZ ce©‡Zi MVb-¯’vcbv Ges mvejxj cÖvK…wZK †mŠ›`h© cÖKvk cvq| GB m‡½ êwPÎ¨gq wiI wW †Rwb‡iv kn‡ii bvixKzj Ges Zv‡ì †`n‡mŠô‡ei cÖKvk I weKvk Av‡iv A_©cY~ © n‡q †`Lv †`q| Gici 1985 mv‡j mvgwiK GKbvqKZ¡ kvm‡bi Aemv‡b eªvwR‡j MYZš¿ cÖwZôv cvq, ZLb AmKvi bvB‡g‡qi †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb| G-mgq A‡bK¸‡jv ¯§„wZ¯—¤¢ bKkv K‡ib, †h¸‡jv ¯’vcZ¨ I fv¯‹hw© k‡íi wewfbœ êwkó¨ I Dcv`v‡b wbwg©Z nq| `„wób›`b D”P KvVv‡gvq G¸‡jv ¯’vcZ¨-bv›`wbKZvq bZzbfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ Ges fv¯‹hw© kí-wbf©i ¯’vc‡Zï †¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡cY~ © Aa¨v‡qi m„wó K‡i| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Av‡M 1980 mv‡ji Rv‡mwj‡bv KzweUm‡PK †g‡gvwiqvj, 1985 mv‡j ¯^‡`k I ¯^vaxbZvi c¨vbw_qb ev ¯§iY¯—¤,¢ 1987 mv‡j j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvi fv¯‹h¸© YgwÊZ ¯§„wZ¯—¤¢ †hLv‡b GKwU AvNvZcÖvß nvZ †_‡K i³aviv ga¨ I `w¶Y Av‡gwiKvi gvbwPÎ-Av`‡j cwZZ n‡”Q| GUv Lye mgv‡jvwPZ nq Ges jÛ‡bi BbwW‡cb‡W›U cwÎKv AhvwPZfv‡e Aevš—i I Akxj e‡j gš—e¨ K‡i| 1988 mv‡j AmKvi GKvwk eQi eq‡m †mB mgq ¯’vcZ¨ wkí RM‡Zi me‡P‡q m¤§vbRbK AR©b Av‡gwiKvi ¯’cwZ MW©b ebkvd‡Ui m‡½ cÖZRKvi ¯’vcZ¨ cyi¯‹v‡i f‚wlZ nb| †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqvi cZ‡bi d‡j eªvwR‡ji mgm¨vmsKzj mgvRZš¿‡K mwVK c‡_ wb‡q Avm‡Z `‡ji nvj a‡ib| AvRxeb mgvRZvwš¿K gZev‡ì Abymvix, mivmwi ivRbxwZi m‡½ RwoZ bv _vK‡jI AmKvi eªvwRwjqvb Kgy¨wb÷ cvwU©i mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb Ges 1992 †_‡K 1996 mvj ch©š— Pvi eQi GB `vwqZ¡ Lye wbôvi m‡½ cvjb K‡ib| G-mg‡qi g‡a¨ eªvwmwjqv‡Z ¯^‡`wk‡ì R‡b¨ ¯§„wZfeb ev †g‡gvwiqvj di w` BwÛwRbvm wccj Ges wgwjUvi K¨v_vWªv‡ji bKkv †kl K‡ib| 1996 mv‡j hLb Zuvi eqm EbbeŸB eQi ZLb wiI wW †Rwb‡ivi Kv‡Q Aew¯’Z wb‡Z‡ivB AvU© wgDwRqvg fe‡bi bKkv

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wbh©vwZZ‡K fq †`Lv‡Z, eiÂ wZwb hy×evR‡ì Ke‡j c‡o wbt‡kl n‡q hvIqv wbh©vwZZ, hš¿YvKvZi I `ywe©ln gvby‡li eY©nxb welv` gyL Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb GK mij fwOgvq| ï mvB‡bi bvqK mf¨Zvi aŸRvavix †ivg bM‡ii c‡_ c‡_ Ny‡i Ny‡i Ry‡Zv cvwjk Kiv wb®úvc wK‡kv‡iiv| ivRc_B hv‡ì A_© DcvR©‡bi Drm¯’j Avevi †mLv‡bB Rxeb euvPv‡bvi msMÖv‡gi †K›`ª¯j’ n‡q I‡V| Ggb bó Rxeb e‡q †eov‡bvi ciI BZvwj bvgK iv‡óªi hy‡×vËi wefxwlKv Avi fqvenZv Zv‡ìI MÖvm K‡iwQj| d‡j Gi cÖwZwU Pwi‡Îi ga¨Kvi M‡o IVv gvbexq †mB gayi m¤ú‡K©I dvUj a‡i| GB wK‡kvi‡ì g‡a¨ KL‡bv eÜzZ,¡ KL‡bv wek¦vmNvZKZvi gva¨‡g nZ¨v, Avevi g„Z eÜzi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv, Aby‡kvPbvi AvnvRvwi I civwRZ ¯^‡`k †iv‡gi iv¯—vq gvwK©b ˆmb¨‡ì cv †U‡b a‡i ÔeyU cvwjk, eyU cvwjkÕ; G †hb GK AÁvZ kw³ Avi j²xQvov fv‡Mï wbôzi cwinvm Qvov wKQzB bq, ZviciI gvbweKZvi ï×‡eva Zv‡ì ZvwoZ K‡i Avi AcgvbRbK GB Rxe‡bi gv‡SI Zv‡ì ¯^cœ †LuvRv; GB †Zv gvby‡li cwiPq, hv‡K e‡j gvby‡li RvZ ¯^fve| ï mvB‡b

(1946) GB e³‡eï ga¨ w`‡q iv‡óªi wbw®ŒqZv, ivóª KZ©K „ gvbyl‡K Agvbyl n‡Z eva¨ Kiv Avi cybivq gvbweKZvi Kv‡QB gvby‡li wd‡i hvIqvi mnRvZ ¸‡Yi P~ovš— iƒc dz‡U I‡V| Avi cÖ_g GB Pjw”PÎ w`‡qB wmKv Avfvm w`‡jb beëv¯—eev`x avivi Pjw”P‡Îi c_‡K wZwb †Kv_vq wb‡q †h‡Z Pvb| Avš—R©vwZK Pjw”PÎ Drm‡e ï mvB‡bi Rb¨ Awfb›`b †c‡jb wmKv; `k©Kü`‡qi GB m¤§vb Zuv‡K K‡i Zzjj BZvwji Pjw”P‡Îi ga¨gwY| A_P Avð‡h©i K_v, mvaviY gvbyl †_‡K we‡k¦i Avcvgi Pjw”PÎ‡ev×vi wbKU †_‡K Dchy³ cÖksmv, m¤§vb †c‡jI ivóª Zuv‡K wbM„nxZ Ki‡Z Qv‡owb| GKw`‡K Zv‡ì Qwe‡Z iv‡óªi e¨_©Zv, AKg©Y¨Zv Zz‡j aivi †R`, Av‡iKw`‡K Zv‡ì wgÎ gvwK©b ¯^v_© cwicš’x a„óZvi Avfvm Ñ GB KviY I m‡½ BZvwji eëmvqx g‡bvfv‡ei Pjw”PÎKZ©v‡ì †PvL ivOvwb; me wg‡j wW wmKvi Rb¨ GK Amnbxq cwiw¯’wZ| d‡j Zuv‡K wN‡i ˆZwi nq GK bRiew›` Ae¯’vi| hviv Zuv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡i‡Q Zv‡ìB †cQb †_‡K †PvL ivOvwb w`‡q‡Q BZvwji bRiew›`Lvbv, gv‡b ¯îvóª `ßi| GgbwK Kvb Pjw”PÎ Drm‡e ch©š— ï mvBb‡K ivóªxq n¯—‡¶‡c †hvM w`‡Z †Ìqv nqwb| †Kbbv ivóª †h Pjw”P‡Îi iƒc Pvq Zv †Zv wmKv ev beëv¯—eev`xiv wbg©vY Ki‡Z G‡Kev‡iB bvivR| wm‡bgvi c`©vq bvP, wfb‡`wk Db¥Ë Mvb, PUzj I Akxj wPÎbv‡Uï m¤¢vi ivóª †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Q Ñ †hLv‡b _vK‡e bv ivóªwe‡ivax †Kv‡bv gZ, `yb©xwZi wPÎ, cywjwk ee©i AvPiY BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ bv‡Qvoev›`v wmKv Zv †g‡b wb‡Z ivwR bb †gv‡UI Ñ gvbweK †ev‡ai g„Zz¨ NUzK Zv wZwb Pvb bv Ñ wZwb †h gvbweK †ev‡a M‡o IVv GK gvbyl| iv‡óªi bxwZ Avi Zuvi bxwZi Pig ci¯úiwei“×Zvi ewntcÖKvk †hb †`L‡Z ïi“ Kij Avg-`k©K| wmKvi cY †hb Pj‡Z _vKv me ai‡bi bxwZi wei“‡× `vbv euva‡Z ïi“ Kij| wm×vš— wb‡jb †KD mvnvh¨ Ki“K Avi bvB Ki“K Zuvi g‡bi †fZ‡i AuvKv `wi`ª gvbyl¸‡jvi A_©‰bwZK `yie¯’v, wb®‹j¼ gvbyl¸‡jvi µgk eva¨ n‡q Amr n‡q IVv Ñ G `vq, e¨_©Zv wK GB gvbyl¸‡jvi bvwK Zviv hv‡ì cÖRv, Zv‡ì hviv ivRv †mB iv‡óªi, abx mgv‡Ri? GiKg bvbv cÖkœ gv_vq †i‡L †b‡g co‡jb Zv Pjw”P‡Î iƒc †Ìqvi Rb¨| Z‡e UvKv †Kv_vq? A‡bK Lu‡y R Ae‡k‡l †`Lv †c‡jb †WwfW I †mj‡RwbK bv‡gi `yB cÖ‡hvR‡Ki| wKš‘ wewa evg; kZ© GKUvB wmKvi ¯^‡cœ Rvj †evbv Pjw”P‡Îi †mB cÖavb Pwi‡Î hvi Qwe Zvi Kíbvq AuvKv wQj, Zv‡K bq wb‡Z n‡e evwYwR¨Kavivi RbwcÖq bvqK K¨vwi MÖv›U‡K| mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡jb wmKv Ñ KviY †m †h ev¯—eZv‡K aviY K‡i c_ †P‡q Av‡Q; †m c_ Z¨vM Kivi gvbyl Aš—Z wZwb bb| wm×vš— wb‡jb wb‡Ri UvKvq wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡iB wbg©vY Ki‡eb Pjw”PÎwU| UvKv †ivRMv‡i Avevi ai‡jb †mB cyi‡bv c_| wd‡i †M‡jb †mB cyi‡bv w`‡bi Kg©¯j’ gÂ I Pjw”P‡Î Awfb‡qi RM‡Z| GLv‡b GKw`‡K w`‡bi ci w`b K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i UvKv †ivRMvi, Av‡iKw`‡K Kíbvi g‡a¨B Pjw”PÎwUi c‡Ui ci cU mvRv‡bv| Ae‡k‡l Zuvi Kvw•¶Z ¯^cœ c~iY n‡Z Pjj Ñ cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i †RvMvb n‡jv| Gevi cy‡iv`¯‘i †b‡g co‡jb Kíbvq AuvKv ev¯—e Rxe‡bi †mB Pjw”PÎwU wbg©v‡Y, nu¨v ejwQjvg Ñ weL¨vZ, wKse`wš—Zjz ¨ †mB Pjw”PÎ evBmvB‡Kj w_fm (1948) wbg©v‡Yi BwZK_v| beëv¯—eev‡ì cy‡iv êwk‡óï mgš^‡q G GK ü`qwe`viK I

R¡jš— ev¯—eZv‡K †mjyj‡q‡Wi wdZvq Zz‡j aivi cÖvYvš—Ki cÖ‡Póv| evBmvB‡Kj w_fm Pjw”PÎwUi g~j Kvwnwb Jcb¨vwmK jyBwM ev‡Z©vwjwbi GKwU mvaviY Rxeb wb‡q †jLv Dcb¨vm Aej¤^‡b wbwg©Z| G‡Kev‡iB mnR wPš—v, mnR fvlv Avi mnR K_vq ejv GB Dcb¨vmwUi Pjw”PwÎK †h iƒc wmKv ùvo Kiv‡jb Zv GK K_vq Abe`¨; AmvaviY gb¯—vwË¡K gyLiZv, wb‡Uvj gvbweKZv Avi Aš—tØvw›ØK †ev‡ai m‡½ civwRZ ü`‡qi jovB; †mBm‡½ iv‡óªi KzrwmZ gy‡Lvk, me wgwj‡q g‡bvgy»Ki cÖvgvY¨-Kv‡e¨ DËxY© nIqv GK Pjw”PÎ evBmvB‡Kj w_fm| Gevi †`Lv hvK, Kx Av‡Q GB Pjw”P‡Î hv †`‡L weL¨vZ divwm b›`bZvwË¡K Au‡`ª evRuv e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔevBmvB‡Kj w_fm n‡jv weï× Pjw”P‡Îi Ab¨Zg cÖavb wb`k©b| (G‡Z) bv Av‡Q †Kv‡bv Awf‡bZv, bv †Kv‡bv Kvwnwb, bv †Kv‡bv †mU; A_©vr ev¯—‡ei wbLuZ y bv›`wbK åg m„wó‡Z (Z_vKw_Z) wm‡bgvB Avi †bB|Õ Pwj‡ki `k‡K BZvwj‡Z †hb †cÖZvZ¥v fi K‡iwQj, Avi welv³ Kx‡Ui †Qve‡j iv‡óªi kix‡iiI a‡iwQj cPb| Awfkß BZvwji mvaviY gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi Avkv µgk ¶xY n‡q Avm‡Q| ZviciI Rxeb euvPv‡bvi †kl †PóvUzKz †Zv Ki‡Z n‡e| hy‡×i AvNv‡Z me †kl; wgj, KviLvbv mewKQzB aŸsm¯—‡‚ c cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ZeyI Luywo‡q Lyuwo‡q c_Pjv Ñ ZviciI j¶¨ ïayB †eu‡P _vKv| wmKvi cÖ_g †bIqv kUwU‡ZB D‡V Av‡m hy×weaŸ¯— kn‡ii †mB fqven wPÎ| Gici †`Lv hvq, †QvÆ GKwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GiB g‡a¨ Gme cÖwZôv‡bi mvg‡b G‡m R‡ov nq ¶zavZ© cuvRifvOv GK`j gvbyl| Zv‡ìB GKRb wiwP Ii‡d Avš—wbI| AvcvZZ †m †eKvi-`yf©vMv‡ì evB‡ii GK gvbyl Ñ †Kbbv GZ †jv‡Ki g‡aÏ †m GKwU KvR †c‡q‡Q| wKš‘ kZ© †Kej GKUvB Ñ hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ mvB‡KjwU Zvi wb‡Ri n‡Z n‡e| G †hb ÔNi Av‡Q Zvi `yqvi bvBÕ MvbwUi g‡Zv Ae¯’v| GRb¨ mvB‡K‡ji cÖ‡qvRbB Zvi Kv‡Q gyL¨ n‡q I‡V| `yB PvKvi GK mvB‡K‡ji IciB Zvi cwiev‡ii m”QjZv, Aaiv ¯^c‡œ K aiv Avi †QvÆ `ywU mš—v‡bi fwel¨r Ñ mvB‡KjB n‡q I‡V Zvi ¯^vaxbZv, m”QjZvi cÖZxK| mvivw`b †L‡U-giv ¯¿x gvwiqv‡K G‡m Avš—wbI Zvi ìKvwi mvB‡KjwUi K_v Rvbvq| Afv‡ei Zvobvq A‡bKw`b Av‡M eÜK ivLv mvB‡KjwU Qvwo‡q Avb‡Z gvwiqv Zvi we‡qi †kl ¯§„wZwPý we‡qi †cvkvKwU eÜK †i‡L mvB‡KjwU Qvwo‡q Av‡b| GLv‡b ïay gvwiqvB bq, nvRv‡iv gvwiqv Zv‡ì Ggb myL¯§„wZi †kl m¤^jUzKz eÜK †i‡L †c‡Ui `vq mvi‡Q| wmKv Zv‡ì †e`bv I Drm‡M©i MfxiZv †evSv‡Z GB c¨vwbs k‡U †`wL‡q w`‡jb eÜwKi †`vKv‡b Sz‡j _vKv gvwiqv‡ì †mB ¯§„wZwPý| G †hb j¶ bvixi wd‡K n‡q hvIqv ¯^‡cœi Acg„Zzï †e`bveûj gyn~‡Z©i wPÎ Zz‡j Avb‡jb wmKv GK Abe`¨ mij fwOgvq| Gici, Avš—wbI mvB‡Kj wb‡q Kv‡R hvq, mš—vb‡K ¯‹z‡j wb‡q hvq Avi Zvi ¯¿x gv‡b fv‡jvevmvi †mB gvbylwU gvwiqv‡K wb‡q †ivgvwÂZ wKQz Avb‡›ì gyn~Z© KvUv‡bv me wgwj‡q mvB‡KjwU n‡q I‡V Avkv-AvKv•¶v Avi m”Qj Rxe‡bi wbðqZvi cÖZxK| wKš‘ ZrKvjxb mvgwMÖK ev¯—eZv †Zv Avi Ggb wQj bv| `vwi‡`ªï nvnvKv‡i nvRv‡iv †eKvi feNy‡i ÔAvš—wbIÕi µw›`Z ivRc‡_ Avš—wbI-gvwiqvi myL Kxfv‡e ¯’vqx nq? GKch©v‡q iv‡óªi wbR¯^ msK‡Ui ewj n‡q me mvaviY gvbyl ÔAmrÕ n‡Z _v‡K Ñ GLv‡bI j¶¨ ïayB †eu‡P _vKv| d‡j

evBmvB‡Kj w_fm Qwei GKwU `„k¨

evBmvB‡Kj w_fm

Avš—wbIi †mB mvB‡KjwU Pzwi n‡q hvq Ñ GK w`‡knviv hye‡Ki Øviv| G †hb GK UzK‡iv myL wb‡q iwk UvbvUvwb| mvB‡Kj nvwi‡q nZwenŸj n‡q c‡o Avš—wbI; w`‡knviv n‡q c‡o Ñ Zvn‡j wK bvbv K‡ó AwR©Z myLUzKz ev¯—eZvi KwVb RuvZvK‡j wejxb n‡q hv‡e? `yt¯^cœ ey‡K wb‡q ZvB kn‡ii cÖwZwU RvqMvq Zbœ Zbœ K‡i LyuR‡Z _v‡Kb mvB‡KjwU| Avš—wbIi Luy‡R †div iv¯—vq nvRv‡iv gvby‡li mvwie×fv‡e n‡b¨ n‡q Ny‡i‡div, ¯—‚cvKv‡i mvRv‡bv mvB‡Kj I mvB‡K‡ji wewfbœ Ask; Pjw”PÎwUi GB gyn~‡Z©i `„k¨vq‡b wmKv †hfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK c¨vwbs I Uª¨vwKs k‡Ui e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Zv mwZ¨B AmvaviY I j¶Yxq| Avm‡j Pjw”PÎwUi b¨v‡iwUf ej‡Z g~jZ Avš—wbIi gwiqv n‡q mvB‡KjwU †LuvRvi cÖvYvš—Ki cÖ‡PóvUzKBz | mvB‡KjwU †LuvRvi Rb¨ wb`vi“Y †`ŠoSuv‡ci GB memg‡qi m½x wn‡m‡e _v‡K Avš—wbIi †QvÆ A_P eyw×gvb I †evam¤úbœ †Q‡j eª“‡bv| cy‡iv Qwe‡Z †Q‡ji m‡½ evevi GB ˆbwZK m¤úK© Dc¯’vcb K‡i wmKv †hb ivóª‡KB ey‡ov AvOzj †`wL‡q w`‡jb| GZUzKz GK AeyS wkï hw` Zvi wcZvi wec‡` cv‡k †_‡K

Qwei †cv÷vi

wec`msKzj c_ cvwo w`‡Z cv‡i, bv †L‡q mvivw`b hw` wcZv‡K mvnm †RvMv‡Z cv‡i, Po †L‡q LvwbKUv Awfgv‡bi ciI wcZvi Kv‡QB nvwmgy‡L _vK‡Z cv‡i, Pzwii `v‡q RbM‡Yi nv‡Z jvwÃZ nIqvi nvZ †_‡K wcZv‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ †h wkï AvcÖvY mvnm wb‡q GwM‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j ivóª †Kb cvi‡e bv mvaviY GKRb gvby‡li cv‡k m½x n‡q _vK‡Z? ivóª wK ïay IB wkïwUi eq‡mi g‡ZvB AeyS? nu¨v, wmKv †PvL ivwO‡q GB wkïwUi gva¨‡g †`wL‡q w`‡q‡Qb m¤úK© Kv‡K e‡j, RbM‡Yi †meK Kv‡K e‡j, Kxfv‡e GwM‡q Avm‡Z nq gvby‡li wec‡`| ZvB GB wkïwUB wmKvi †Pv‡L aiv †`q GK mwZ¨Kv‡ii iv‡óªi ¯^iƒc n‡q| eª“‡bv †hb gvbewcÖq iv‡óªi cÖZxK n‡q aiv †`q Avgv‡`iI mvg‡b| Z‡e kZ †Póv K‡i Pzwi n‡q hvIqv mvB‡KjwU bv †c‡q Avš—wbI G‡Kev‡i †f‡O c‡o Ñ nv‡Z Avi †Kv‡bv Aewkó †bB †h †m Av‡iKwU mvB‡Kj †RvMvo Ki‡e| Ae‡k‡l wmKv †`Lv‡jb †mB A‡_©i Afv‡e gvby‡li ˆbwZKZvi cZb, AvZ¥m¤§v‡bi cZb| Avš—wbI †mB †PviwUi g‡ZvB KvR K‡i emj; Pzwi Kij Av‡iK AfvMvi mvB‡Kj; wKš‘ wewa evg Ñ aiv

†L‡jv RbZvi nv‡Z| gvi †L‡jv mš—vbwUi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Ñ wb`vi“Y GB e³‡eï êwPÎ¨ Avi †Wd_ Ae wdì mwZ¨B AZzjbxq| wmKv cÖgvY K‡i †dj‡jb beëv¯—eev‡ì mdj I wek¦Rbxb †Kv‡bv Pjw”PÎ hw` _v‡K, Zvn‡j †mwU GB evBmvB‡Kj w_fm| mwZ¨B evBmvB‡Kj w_fm beëv¯—eev‡ì ïay wPÎiƒc bq, hy×we‡ivax gvbeZvev` I ZrKvjxb BZvwj bvgK iv‡óªi †Mvgi duvm Kiv `y`©vš— wbLv` GK msMÖvg I cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Avengvb `wjj| evBmvB‡Kj w_fm †`‡L Au‡`ª evRuv Gi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib Gfv‡e, ‘It is the most successful communist film in the world|Õ Avi †iu‡b †K¬qvi AZ¨š— D”Q¡wmZ n‡q ej‡jb, ÔweMZ wÎk eQ‡ii †kÖô Qwe|Õ Z‡e Zuvi G K_vi m‡½ GI cÖgvwYZ nq, GwU ïay weMZ wÎk eQ‡iiB bq, wek¦ Pjw”P‡Îi BwZnv‡mi cÖ_g `kwU Pjw”P‡ÎiI Ab¨Zg †kÖô e‡U; ZvQvov wmKv wb‡RB e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔBicycle Thieves is a good picture. I like very much.Õ Avi ev¯—eZvi KwVb wb‡®úlY hZw`b ch©š— Avš—wbI-gvwiqv‡ì Nvo gU‡K †`‡e ZZw`b _vK‡e GB evBmvB‡Kj w_fm| Gfv‡eB †mBme nZfvMv ˆ`b¨ gvby‡li m½x n‡q wbæe‡M©i KvZv‡i wb‡R‡K hy³ K‡ib wmKv wb‡R‡K| Gici, G‡jv 1950 mvj| ZZw`‡b `k©K wP‡b †M‡Q wmKv bv‡gi GB wKse`wš—‡K| Avi GB Drmv‡n wZwb wgivKj Bb wgjvb (1951) QwewU wbg©v‡Yi KvR ïi“ Ki‡jb; Gevi Zuvi m‡½ hy³ n‡jb Av‡iK weL¨vZ wbg©vZv wfmKwš—| Zuv‡ì †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póvq wbwg©Z n‡jv Pjw”PÎwU| †mLv‡bI mdj| Zvici wbg©vY Ki‡jb Dgev‡Z©v wW Pjw”PÎwU| GK Amy¯’ e„× AemicÖvß wk¶‡Ki wKQyUv gvb-m¤§vb wb‡q Rxeb euvPv‡bvi msMÖv‡gi K_v e‡j‡Qb wmKv GB Pjw”PÎwUi gva¨‡g| GwUI beëv¯—eev` avivi êwkó¨‡K aviY Kiv wW wmKvi Amvgvb¨ GK Pjw”PÎ| Z‡e evBmvB‡Kj w_f‡mi g‡Zv AZUv b¨v‡iwUfagx©, mijwbf©i Pjw”PÎ bq Ñ Gi welqvw` A‡bKUv Kveägx©| †Lqvj Kivi welq, †K›`ªxq Pwi‡Îi gb¯—vwË¡K MwZwewa‡K mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡Ui †P‡q A‡bK †ewk †dvKv‡m ivLv n‡q‡Q, hv GKRb beëv¯—eev`x Pjw”PÎwbg©vZv wn‡m‡e wmKv wKQyUv evB‡i m‡i G‡mwQ‡jb e‡jB g‡b nq| GQvov wZwb †ek wKQy Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡ib, Z‡e Gi g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨ 1960-G wbwg©Z Uz DB‡gb Pjw”PÎwU| QwewU beëv¯—eZv‡K A‡bKUv aviY Ki‡jI GKwU RvqMvq wmKv Gi cwieZ©b NUvb Ñ †mwU n‡jv, †mmg‡qi weL¨vZ Awf‡bÎx †mvwdqv j‡ib GB Qwei †K›`ªxq Pwi‡Î Awfbq K‡iwQ‡jb| †mvwdqv m¤ú‡K© wmKv Aek¨ e‡jb Gfv‡e, ÔI consider Sophia a great Ñ a good actress and a great personality. Because she is a Neopolitan. Like me. We are the same people, the same origin. And we fell together the same. Yes, for me. I am very happy when I work with Sophia.’ eyw×gvb wmKv †gavI †P‡bb; Zuvi K_vi

cÖgvYI Aek¨B †mvwdqv †i‡L‡Qb Uz DB‡gb Pjw”P‡Î| G Pjw”P‡Î wmKv Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb hy×weaŸ¯— †`k, ¶zwa‡Zi AvZ©bv`, gv-†g‡qi Rxeb euvPv‡bvi cÖ‡Póv, ey‡Ki wkï‡K Lu‡y R †div gv‡qi e¨vKzjZv BZ¨vw`| GB Pjw”P‡Îi gbKuv`v‡bv GKwU `„‡k¨i K_v bv ej‡jB bq, wkïmš—vb‡K cvM‡ji g‡Zv LuyR‡Q

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cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢vebv m„wó K‡i‡Q| †hgb, Av‡M wd‡j¥ Qwe Ki‡j hZ wm‡bgv n‡j GK‡hv‡M Avgiv QwewU †`Lv‡Z PvB ZZ¸‡jv wcÖ›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡Zv| GUv wQj fxlY e¨qeûj| †m Zzjbvq wWwRUvj wcÖ›U (wWwfwW) ˆZwi Kiv A‡bK m¯—v| Avevi GLb wKš‘ GKUv kw³kvjx Kw¤úDUvi mvf©v‡i wm‡bgvUv †i‡L nvBw¯úW B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡bKkb eënvi K‡i wewfbœ wm‡bgv n‡j ¯’vwcZ wWwRUvj cÖ‡RKkb wm‡÷‡g GB Qwe †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e| GUv †Kv‡bv Kíbv bq, Gfv‡e we‡`‡k GLb Qwe †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q| Avgiv †Zv GiKg Avkv Ki‡ZB cvwi †h, Avgv‡ì †`‡k B›Uvi‡b‡Ui MwZ Ges g~j¨ Ggb GKUv ch©v‡q G‡m hv‡e †h, Avgiv hviv fv‡jv wm‡bgvi c‡¶ Zviv GB c×wZ‡Z Avgv‡ì wm‡bgv mviv‡`‡ki wewfbœ RvqMvq †`Lv‡bvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z cvie| ¯^vaxb Pjw”PÎwbg©vZv‡ì GKUv †bUIqvK© hw` _v‡K Zvn‡j †mUv‡K eënvi K‡iB Avgiv GUv Ki‡Z cvwi| GKUv †bU mvf©v‡i QweUv _vK‡e Avi †`‡ki wewfbœ RvqMvq Avgv‡ì msMV‡bi wbR¤^ †h †bUIqvK© _vK‡e †mme RvqMvq Avgiv `k©K‡ì R‡b¨ GB Qwe †`Lve| Ab¨w`‡K B›Uvi‡b‡U BD wUDe ev wfwgIi g‡Zv mvB‡U GKRb ¯^vaxb Pjw”PÎwbg©vZv Zuvi QweUv Avc‡jvW K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib| GUv mevi R‡b¨ webvg~‡j¨ cvIqv hv‡e, bvwK wZwb wKQz UvKvi wewbg‡q GB Qwe †`L‡Z †`‡eb †mUv wZwbB wVK Ki‡Z cv‡ib| BD wUD‡ei g‡Zv mvB‡Ui eënvi wKš‘ Pjw”PÎ cÖ`k©‡bi †¶‡Î Av‡iv eû`~i AMÖmi n‡q †M‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Pjw”PÎ-Drme GiKg mvB‡Ui gva¨‡g GKwU weKí cÖ`k©b-eë¯’vi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Q| atom.com ev current.com-Gi g‡Zv mvBU¸‡jv bvbv ai‡bi Pjw”PÎ wb‡q we‡klvqY Ki‡Q Ges B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Pjw”P‡Îi cÖ`k©‡bi D‡ËRbvKi w`K¸‡jv Ly‡j w`‡”Q| G Qvov cÖvq `yB `kK a‡i I‡qf wUwf bv‡gi GK gva¨g BD‡ivc Ges Av‡gwiKvq cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ nq I‡qf wUwfi Abyôvb¸‡jv| KL‡bv BD wUD‡ei g‡Zv mvBU¸‡jv Gme Abyôvb weZiY K‡i, KL‡bv wbg©vZviv ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡RivB Gme Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡ib| †Kej Acv‡iUi‡ì m‡½ we‡kl eë¯’vcbvq I‡qf wUwf‡Z wb‡R‡ì wbwg©Z Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡ib A‡bK wbg©vZv| GLb bvbviKg ¯§vU©‡dvb Ges AvBc‡Wi R‡b¨ avivevwnK wbwg©Z n‡”Q, †h¸‡jv‡K Gwc‡mvW bv e‡j ejv n‡”Q A¨vwc‡mvW (appisode)| A_©vr, GKwU A¨vwc‡Kkb wn‡m‡e (cÖhyw³i fvlvq A¨vcm) wn‡m‡e cÖwZw`b †dv‡b WvDb‡jvW K‡i eënviKvix avivevwnKwU †`L‡Z cv‡ib! Gme m¤¢vebv cÖPwjZ Pjw”PÎ weZiY-eë¯’vi weKí wn‡m‡e Avwef©~Z n‡”Q| bvbv mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y me myweav GLbB nq‡Zv Avgv‡ì bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ bq, wKš‘ Gme wKQz‡K AjxK Kíbv e‡j fvevi wKQz †bB| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡g e‡m mdUIq¨vi AvDU‡mvwm©s‡qi KvR Ki‡Qb Zi“Yiv| ˆZwi Ki‡Qb A¨vÛª‡qW †dv‡bi R‡b¨ A¨vcm Ges Av‡iv KZ Kx! †Kv‡bv KviY †bB †h, †Kb evsjv‡`‡kiB GK Zi“Y Pjw”PÎwbg©vZv GgZ cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i wb‡Ri Qwe wbg©vY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv Ges weZiY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Avgiv †Zv B›Uvi‡b‡Ui ÁvbfvÊvi eënvi K‡i Pjw”P‡Îi inm¨ †gvP‡bi K_v wj‡LwQ| Pjw”PÎwk¶vi welqwU‡K Avgiv hw` Av‡iv ¸wQ‡q wb‡Z PvB, Zvn‡jI cÖhyw³ Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GLb huviv Pjw”PÎ Bbw÷wUDU Mo‡Qb Zuviv

¯§vU©‡dv‡bI AvRKvj wbwg©Z n‡”Q bZzb ai‡bi Pjw”PÎ

I‡qf wUwf n‡Z cv‡i bZzb Ges ¯^vaxb Pjw”PÎ cÖ`k©‡bi GKwU gva¨g

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Pjw”P‡Îi bv›`wbKZv : KvwiMwi fvlv nv m bv Z Av e `y j nv B

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cvi‡e| ev¯—ewfwËK n‡qI K¨v‡givi m„wó †h `„k¨Kí w`‡q wm‡bgv, †mLv‡b ev¯—eZvi Ici m„RbkxjZvi ¯^v¶i _vK‡e| Kxfv‡e ev¯—e‡K †iKW© Kiv n‡jv A_©vr Zvi Qwe †Zvjv n‡jv Zvi IciB wbf©i Ki‡e ev¯—evq‡bi m‡½ wm‡bgvi ev¯—eZvi cv_©K¨| wk‡í †mŠ›`h© m¤^‡Ü K¬vBf †ej †hgb †Rvi w`‡qwQ‡jb A_©gq iƒ‡ci (dg©) Ici, Avb©nvB‡gi g‡Zv wdj¥ ZvwË¡KivI ej‡jb, B‡gR‡K n‡Z n‡e ev¯—‡ei AwZwi³ wKQy A_©vr A_©gqfv‡e Av‡qvwRZ| evjvR Ôw` wµ‡qwUf K¨v‡givqÕ ej‡jb, wm‡bgvi wbg©v‡Y me‡P‡q kw³kvjx DcKiY n‡jv K¨v‡giv A¨v½j, hvi Rb¨ ev¯—eZvi cybi“rcv`b bq, bZzb m„wó m¤¢e nq (w_Iwi Ad w` wdj¥, 1952)| wm‡bgvq `„k¨K‡íi †h-Abb¨Zv, Zvi †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q (Ges _vKv DwPZ) K¨v‡givi GB ¶gZvi m„Rbkxj eënvi| e¯‘i ev `„‡kï m‡PZb wbe©vPb Ges cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g K¨v‡giv Zvi GB f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| K¨v‡giv‡K ev¯—‡ei cybi“rcv`‡bi gva¨g wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡j Zvi m„Rbkxj m¤¢vebv‡KB A¯^xKvi Kiv nq| Avb©nvBg P¨vcwj‡bi wm‡bgv‡K mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© wm‡bgv ej‡Z Pvbwb, †Kbbv †mLv‡b ev¯—‡ei ûeû cybi“rcv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q| †ev_v ievU© I‡q‡bi w` K¨vwe‡bU Ad W. K¨vwjM¨vwi wm‡bgvi gÂm¾vq m„Rbkxj g‡bi cÖKvk †`‡L GZB Awff‚Z n‡qwQ‡jb †h, G‡K wZwb e‡j‡Qb cÖ_g KíbvwfwËK wm‡bgv, †hLv‡b wm‡bgvi bv›`wbKZv ¯có n‡q‡Q| Zuvi Kv‡Q ev_© Ae w` †bkb cQ›` nqwb GB Rb¨ †h, †mLv‡b Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi Ni Ges w_‡qUv‡ii ûeû ev¯—e cÖwZiƒc eëüZ n‡q‡Q (w` wdj¥ wUj bvD, 1949)| K¨v‡giv †h ev¯—eZvi †iKW© K‡i, Zv‡K Kg‡cvwRkb, Av‡jvKm¤úvZ, kã Ges MwZi web¨vm (c¨vUvb© Bb †gvkb) Øviv ms‡kvab, cwiea©b BZ¨vw` Kiv m¤¢e wKš‘ Zey Zvi êwkó¨ NUbvi ev `„‡kï †iKW© Kiv wn‡m‡eB wPwýZ nq| GB mxgve×Zv AwZµ‡gi Rb¨ cÖgvY Ki‡Z nq †h, wm‡bgv wbg©vY cÖwµqvq Ab¨vb¨ cvw÷K Av‡U©i g‡ZvB wbqš¿Y ¶gZv ev my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| GB ¶gZv ev my‡hvM G‡m‡Q m¤úv`bv ev gš—v‡Ri gva¨‡g| †h‡nZz wdj¥ w÷ªc †h-†Kv‡bv RvqMvq †K‡U Ab¨ w÷ª‡ci m‡½ †Rvov †Ìqv hvq Zvi d‡j wm‡bgvi B‡g‡Ri †fZi †h ¯’vb-Kv‡ji ¯^Ztù‚Z© cybtm„wó nq Zvi Ici wm‡bgv-wbg©vZvi m¤ú~Y© wbqš¿Y _v‡K| †hme NUbv wbiew”Qbœ bq Ges hv wbiew”Qbœ, Dfq‡KB Zvi c‡¶ cvkvcvwk †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e nq| K¨v‡givi m„wó `„k¨K‡í m„RbkxjZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z GwWwUs Ges gš—v‡Ri (A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q GKB) f‚wgKv wb‡q wMÖwd_, cy‡WvfwKb, AvB‡Rb÷vBb e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb| GLb †`Lv hvK wKQy `„k¨K‡íi m„wó †Kb Kiv nq Ges Kxfv‡e| Gi gva¨‡g

wm‡bgvi fvlvq †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z GB cÖKi‡Yi ¸i“‡Z¡i Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| †K¬vR-Avc, js kU, †jv-A¨v½j kU, nvB A¨v½j kU, GmeB K¨v‡givi hvwš¿K fvlv‡K m„Rbkxj Kivi Dcvq| Gi m‡½ †hvM Kiv hvq †d«g Ges wgR Auv wmu A_©vr †d«‡gi †fZi Kx _vK‡e, †mB cwiKíbv| wfmy¨qvj B‡gR GB mewKQy wb‡qB| G‡ì mvnv‡h¨ Kvwnwbi eY©bv †hgb Kiv nq, GKB m‡½ †Kvb B‡g‡Ri †fZi †Kvb A_© cÖKvk Kiv n‡”Q Zvi Bw½ZI _v‡K| wm‡bgvi Kvwnwb B‡g‡Ri mgvnv‡iB g~jZ n‡q _v‡K e‡j Gi Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e f‚wgKv cÖavb| wm‡bgvi wfmy¨qvj B‡gR A‡bK wKQy wb‡qB nq Ñ gvbyl, cïcvwL †_‡K ïi“ K‡i wb®cÖvY e¯‘ Ges cÖvK…wZK `„k¨| gvbyl K_v e‡j Ges hLb e‡j bv, Pzc K‡i _v‡K, ZL‡bv Zvi A_© _v‡K| wfmy¨qvj B‡g‡R Pwi‡Îi K_v ejvi duv‡K duv‡K wbðzc _vKvI Kvwnwb eY©bvi Ask| GwU wm‡bgvi K¨v‡giv Iqv‡K© A_©vr B‡gR m„wó‡Z we‡kl g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i Ges Kiv DwPZ| †hgb mZ¨wR‡Zi c‡_i cuvPvjxi †kl `„‡k¨ Mi“i Mvwo‡Z MÖvg †Q‡o hvIqvi mgq nwini, me©Rqv Ges Acyi Z…wlZ bq‡b MÖv‡gi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vKvi `„k¨ Zv‡ì g‡bv‡e`bvi K_v e‡j| Dcb¨v‡m †jLK GB g‡bv‡e`bv A‡bK K_vi mvnv‡h¨ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| A_ev `yMv© i g„Z¨z i ci Acy hLb Zvi Pzwi Kiv ev·wU Avwe®‹vi K‡i †mwU cyK‡z i Qy‡o †djvi ci fvmgvb †kIjv Qwo‡q wM‡q k~b¨Zv m„wó Ges Zvici †mB k~b¨Zv c~iY K‡i †kIjv¸wji wd‡i Avmvi `„‡k¨ AZxZ‡K Ges †Mvcb GKwU mZ¨‡K †X‡K †Ìqvi e¨Äbv g~Z© n‡q‡Q| Dcb¨v‡m GB `„k¨ †bB, †KejB euvkevMv‡b wM‡q Acyi ev·wU Qy‡o †djv Ges Avcb g‡b ejv, Ô_vK GLv‡bÕ Av‡Q| A_ev nwin‡ii wPwV cvIqvi ci mg¯— cwiev‡ii g‡b Avb›`-D”Q¡v‡mi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q e„wóøvZ cyK‡z i dwos I †cvKvgvK‡oi Avbw›`Z mÂi‡Yi `„k¨| wm‡bgv Avw`‡Z wbe©vK wQj Ges GB ai‡bi wfmy¨qvj B‡gRB wQj Zvi cÖKv‡ki evnb| cÖPiz DbœwZ I cÖhwy ³i D™¢ve‡bi ciI wfmy¨qvj B‡g‡Ri Ici GB wbf©iZv I cÖvavb¨‡KB ej‡Z nq wm‡bgvi fvlvi g~j êwkó¨| GBRb¨ wm‡bgvi bv›`wbKZvq Gi f‚wgKv Ab¨me wKQy AwZµg K‡i hvq| `„këÜ (wgR Auv wmu) cÖPwjZ aviYv Abyhvqx K¨v‡givi kU‡K g‡b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wm‡bgvi fvlvi GKwU kã (IqvW©)| K‡qKwU kU wb‡q ˆZwi nq ÔwmbÕ ev `„k¨, hvi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q ev‡Kï| †ek K‡qKwU ÔwmbÕ wb‡q hLb ˆZwi nq Ôwm‡Kv‡qÝÕ Zvi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv hvq K‡qKwU evK¨ wb‡q MwVZ Aby‡”Q‡ì (c¨vivMÖv‡di)| ejv evûj¨, GwU Lye mnRxKiY Ges wm‡bgvi cÖPwjZ fvlvi m‡½ GB Zzjbvq mxgve×Zv Av‡Q, hvi D‡jL Av‡MB Kiv n‡q‡Q| k‡Ui cwie‡Z© GKwU `„k¨ (wm½j B‡gR) ev †d«g‡KI hw` g‡b Kiv hvq wm‡bgvq fvlvi ¶z`Z ª g I g~j BDwbU Ges †mB A‡_© k‡ãi mgZzj¨, Zvn‡j ZvI †h cy‡ivcywi mwVK n‡e bv, †m-K_vI Av‡M ejv n‡q‡Q| ÔkUÕ A‡_©i w`K w`‡q Ôk‡ãiÕ mgZzj¨ †nvK bv †nvK, kU w`‡qB nv‡Zbv‡Z (cÖ¨vKwUK¨vj) wm‡bgv ˆZwi ïi“ nq| wK‡mi kU †bIqv n‡e Ges Kxfv‡e kU †bIqv hv‡e, GB `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËiB wPÎbv‡U¨ DwjwLZ _v‡K| K¨v‡givi mvnv‡h¨ Qwe Zzj‡Z wM‡q GB †¶‡Î wPÎbvU¨ †_‡K m‡i AvmvI hvq Ges cÖvqB Zv nq| wKš‘ wPÎbvU¨ G-wel‡q GKUv wb‡`©kbv ev Bw½Z †`q| GB

`ywU cÖkœ g~jZ †h-welq wb‡q, divwm fvlvq Zv‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Ôwg‡R Auv wmuÕ ev `„këÜ| GB `„kë‡Üi wba©vi‡Y wPÎwbg©vZv †hme ms‡KZ-wbqg (†KvWm) eënvi K‡ib Zvi mvnv‡h¨B wm‡bgv wel‡q `k©‡Ki Dcjwä wbqwš¿Z nq| Aš—Z nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| kU ej‡Z †h‡nZz A‡_©i †QvU Ges eo BDwbU, `yB-B †evSv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i, †mB Rb¨ Gi Av‡jvPbvq `ywU As‡ki cÖwZ `„wó †Ìqv msMZ n‡e| cÖ_g As‡k i‡q‡Q †d«‡gi †fZi `„k¨| †d«‡gi †fZi †hme ms‡KZ-wbqg (†KvWm) i‡q‡Q, Ab¨vb¨ `„k¨wk‡íi (wfmy¨qvj AvU©m) m‡½ Zvi mv`„k¨ †`Lv hvq| `„k¨wk‡í †iLv, AvKvi Ges iO Ñ GB wZbwU g~j wel‡qi †h-f‚wgKv, Zvi m‡½ wm‡bgvi `„kë‡Ü †h ms‡KZ-wbqg eënvi Kiv nq Zvi †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvwUi wgj Av‡Q| i“Wjd Avb©nvBg wm‡bgvi `„kë‡Ü (wgR Auv wmu) `kwU wel‡qi ev ms‡KZ-wbq‡gi (†KvW) D‡jL K‡i‡Qb : fvimvg¨, AvKvi, Mob (†kc), †e‡o IVv (†MÖv_), RvqMv (†¯cm), Av‡jv, iO, bovPov (gyf‡g›U), D‡ËRbv (†Ubkb) Ges Awfe¨w³ (G·‡cÖkb)| wm‡bgvq †d«‡gi †fZi †h-`„k¨ Zvi MV‡b (†mbU¨v·) Gme ms‡KZ wbq‡gi wKQy eënvi Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_‡gB †d«‡gi †fZi †h `„k¨, Zvi `ywU w`‡Ki cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb| Gi GKwU n‡jv †d«‡gi Kvi‡Y `„‡kï mxgve×Zv Ges wØZxqwU †d«‡gi Aš—MZ © `„‡kï MVb (Kg‡cvwRkb)| †d«g mxgvbv wPwýZ K‡i e‡jB Kg‡cvwRk‡bi wewfbœ m¤¢vebvi K_v fvev hvq| wm‡bgvi cÖ_g c‡e© c`©vq cÖwZdwjZ Qwei ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AbycvZ ev nvi m¤^‡Ü mvaviYfv‡e w¯Œ‡bi Rb¨ 4 : 3 nv‡i (cÖ¯’ I ˆ`N©¨) Qwe †ZvjvB wQj wbqg| †mB RbwcÖq mvaviY AbycvZ‡K cÖwgZ K‡i Av‡gwiKvb A¨vKv‡Wwg Ad †gvkb wcKPvm© 1 : 1.33 ev 1.33 GB AvbycvwZK nv‡i| Aek¨ cÖ¯’ I ˆ`‡N©ï Rb¨ GwUB GKgvÎ AvbycvwZK nvi wQj bv, hwÌ A¨vKv‡Wwg-cÖPwjZ GB cÖwgZ AvbycvwZK nviB wQj mvaviYfv‡e eëüZ| wW WweD wMÖwd_ A¨vKv‡Wwgi GB nviB eënvi K‡i‡Qb †ewk| †Kej gv‡S gv‡S †X‡K w`‡q (gv¯‹) †d«‡gi †fZi B‡g‡Ri AvKvi wZwb e`‡j w`‡q‡Qb KL‡bv KL‡bv| hLb kã (mvDÛ) ms‡hvwRZ nq Ges wdj¥ ÷‡Ki cv‡k mvDÛ Uª¨vK Aš—f³ y© Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q, ZLb cÖ¯’ I ˆ`‡N©ï AvK…wZ n‡q hvq ¯‹qvi A_©vr mgvb mgvb| wKš‘ wKQy c‡iB A¨vKv‡Wwgi Abymi‡Y †d«‡gi †fZiKvi †h-†¯cm eënvi Kiv n‡e, Zvi AvqZb Kwg‡q G‡b Avevi 1.33 AvbycvwZK nv‡i cÖZ¨veZ©b Kiv nq| mvaviYfv‡e GB wm×vš— †bIqv n‡jI GB AbycvZ eënvi cÖvq ¸ß in‡mï (wgw÷K¨vj) gh©v`v †c‡q hvq| A‡bK wdj¥ †U·‡U GL‡bv K¬¨vwmK¨vj wkíKjv I ¯’vc‡Z¨ †mvbvwj mxgvbv (†Mv‡ìb †mKkb ev †Mv‡ìb wgb) ej‡Z †h A‡jŠwKK ev AZxw›`ªq inm¨gq m~Î cÖKw… Zi me©Î †`Lv hvq e‡j wek¦vm Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi m‡½ 1.33 †d«‡gi Aš—MZ © cÖ¯’ I ˆ`‡N©ï GB AvbycvwZK nvi‡K Zzjbxq e‡j D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ô†mvbvwj mxgvbvÕ cvIqvi m~Î wQj : K/L= L/(K+L) †hLv‡b AvqZ‡¶‡Îi †QvU As‡ki A_©vr ˆ`‡N©ï gvc n‡jv ÔKÕ Ges eo As‡ki A_©vr cÖ‡¯’i gvc n‡jv ÔLÕ| Ô†mvbvwj mxgvbviÕ †h MvwYwZK msL¨v, †mwU hyw³c~Y© †nvK Avi bv-B †nvK, Gi m‡½ 1 : 1.618, ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i g‡a¨ GB AvbycvwZK nv‡ii wgj i‡q‡Q e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib| BD‡ivcxq wm‡bgvq IqvBW w¯Œ‡b †h AvbycvwZK nvi eëüZ nq †mwU GB A‡¼i Lye KvQvKvwQ| Aek¨ Gi m‡½ A¨vKv‡Wwg-cÖPwjZ

1.33, GB AvbycvwZK nv‡ii (cÖ¯’ I ˆ`N©¨) A‡bK `~iZ¡ i‡q‡Q| A¨vKv‡Wwg-cÖPwjZ AvbycvwZK nvi 1953 mvj ch©š— A_©vr ïi“ nIqvi wek eQi ch©š— cÖfvekvjx wQj Ges wPÎwbg©vZviv Zvi AbymiY I eënvi K‡i‡Qb| †Uwjwfk‡bi †d«‡gi cÖwgZKiY (÷¨vÛvW©vB‡Rkb) GB Av`‡k©i m~‡Îi wfwË‡ZB m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| wd‡j¥i †d«‡gi AvKvi wba©vi‡Y A¨vKv‡Wwgi m~Î GLb †Zgb Kvh©Ki bv n‡jI †d«‡gi Aš—MZ © Kg‡cvwRk‡bi Ici Zvi cÖfve A¶zYœ i‡q‡Q| 1950-Gi `kK †_‡K w¯Œ‡b ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ‡¯’i AvbycvwZK nvi (A¨vm‡c± †iwkI) wba©vi‡Y wPÎwbg©vZv‡ì Rb¨ †ek we¯—Z … my‡hvM m„wó n‡q hvq| g~jZ `ywU c×wZ‡Z IqvBW w¯Œ‡b AvbycvwZK nvi wba©vwiZ n‡q _v‡K| cÖ_g Ges mnRZi c×wZ n‡jv Ici I wbP Ask †X‡K w`‡q (gv¯‹) `ywU d¬¨vU IqvBW w¯Œb AvbycvwZK nvi eënvi Kiv| †hgb, BD‡iv‡c 1.66 Ges Av‡gwiKvq 1.85| †X‡K †Ìqvi Rb¨ Aek¨ †d«‡gi †fZi A‡bK Ask eënv‡ii evB‡i _v‡K, hvi d‡j B‡g‡Ri cÖ‡¶cY wewNœZ nq| wØZxq c×wZi bvg n‡q‡Q Ôwm‡bgv‡¯‹vcÕ| †d«‡gi Ask †X‡K †Ìqvi (gvw¯‹s) †P‡q IqvBW w¯Œ‡b AvbycvwZK nvi wbY©‡qi wØZxq c×wZ †d«‡gi †fZi A‡bK RvqMv eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡jI Gi Rb¨ K¨v‡givi †h-†j‡Ýi (Gbvgwd©K) cÖ‡qvRb Zvi `vg A‡bK| †mme †j‡Ýi msL¨vI †ek Kg wQj| Gbvgwd©K †j‡Ýi eënvi ¯^vfvweK ˆ`N©¨-cÖ‡¯’i w¯Œ‡bi Rb¨ †h Z_¨ ev B‡gR mvgÄm¨gq ev h_vh_ Zvi †P‡q `yB ¸Y eo w¯Œ‡b Qwo‡q †`q, hvi d‡j Qwei g‡a¨ `vbv`vi (†MÖBb) Ask eo n‡q †`Lv †`q Ges B‡gRI AmvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡q hvq| wPÎwbg©vZviv IqvBW w¯Œb wb‡q A‡bK w`b †_‡K cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡iwQ‡jb| 1950-Gi `k‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K †Uwjwfkb Avwef©v‡ei ci wm‡bgv †h ûgwKi gy‡LvgywL nq Zvi d‡jB wm‡bgvq IqvBW w¯Œ‡bi eënvi cÖvq eva¨Zvg~jK n‡q wM‡qwQj ejv hvq| 1.33, w¯Œ‡bi GB AvbycvwZK nvi †Uwjwfk‡bi Rb¨ †Q‡o w`‡q wm‡bgvq IqvBW w¯Œ‡bi eënvi mycwÖ ZwôZ nq| cÖ_‡g Ôwm‡bivgvÕ c×wZ‡Z wZbwU K¨v‡giv I wZbwU cÖ‡R±i wb‡q 1952 mv‡j GB eënvi ïi“ n‡jI GKwU K¨v‡givwfwËK IqvBW w¯Œb wn‡m‡e Ôwm‡bgv‡¯‹vcÕ Ges c‡i Ôc¨vbvwfkbÕ bv‡g IqvBW w¯Œb wm‡bgvi cÖPjb nq| 1950-Gi `k‡K wm‡bgv‡¯‹v‡ci m‡½ †h IqvBW w¯Œb c×wZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq bv‡g †mB Ôwf÷vwfkbÕ c×wZ wUK‡Z bv cvi‡jI ˆ`N©¨-cÖ‡¯’i AvbycvwZK nvi cQ›` Kivi †¶‡Î †ek we¯—Z … cwim‡i my‡hv‡Mi m„wó nq| wf÷vwfkb c×wZ †_‡K cÖwZwôZ nq †h, wdj¥ hw` eo nq (wgwjwgUv‡ii wfwË‡Z) Zvn‡j †ek cÖvÄjfv‡e IqvBW w¯Œ‡bi Rb¨ Qwe †Zvjv m¤¢e n‡e| GB m~‡Îi Abymi‡Y 65 Ges 70 wgwjwgUvi wdj¥ ÷K ˆZwi Kiv ïi“ nq, hwÌ GB wb‡q M‡elYvi m~ÎcvZ nq 1900 mvj †_‡K| wf÷vwfk‡bi wØZxq †h-m~Î cÖwZwôZ nq Zv wQj GB †h, d‡UvMÖvwdi Rb¨ c×wZ Avi wWw÷ªweDkb Ges cÖ‡RKk‡bi c×wZ GK nIqvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Gi d‡j A‡bK ai‡bi AvbycvwZK nvi cvIqv †Mj, hvi wKQy d‡UvMÖvwdi Rb¨, wKQy wWw÷ªweDkb wcÖ‡›Ui Rb¨, Avevi wKQy Dfq †¶‡Î eënvi‡hvM¨| cÖ_g w`‡K Qwe †Zvjvi Rb¨ A¨vKv‡Wwg A¨vcviPv‡i 1 : 33 Abycv‡Z Qwe †ZvjvB mvaviY wQj| IqvBW w¯Œ‡bi AbycvZ RbwcÖq nIqvi d‡j A¨vKv‡Wwg A¨vcviPv‡i †h mvgÄm¨ wbwðZ Kiv †hZ Zvi Aemvb n‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ ZLbKvi wm‡bgv-b›`bZË¡we‡ìv AvnvRvwi Ki‡jI GB cwieZ©‡b ¸i“Zi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ nqwb| Zvi

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w_ª ÷vwWR Ad Bmv‡ejv im‡_ªvb (1966) wkíx : d«vwÝm †eKb (1909-92) K¨vbfv‡m †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 1,53,37,0002,30,5,500 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 1 †KvwU 13 jvL 3 nvRvi 971 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 26 Ryb 2013, jÛb

†nW Ad G weqv‡W©W g¨vb Bb †cÖvdvBj †nvwìs G †eªvÄ wdMvi wkíx : m¨vi wcUvi cj i“‡eÝ (1577-1640) K¨vbfv‡m †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 22,81,500-38,2,500 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 26 jvL 49 nvRvi 392 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 2 RyjvB 2013, wKsm w÷ªU, jÛb

†nW w_ª wkíx : d«vwÝm †eKb (1909-92) K¨vbfv‡m †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 76,68,5001,07,35,900 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 1 †KvwU 60 jvL 15 nvRvi 663 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 26 Ryb 2013, jÛb

µvB›U Ab `¨ µm wkíx : jyKvm µvbvP (1472-1553) c¨v‡b‡j †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 7,60,500-12,16,800 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 17 jvL 29 nvRvi 491 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 2 RyjvB 2013, wKsm w÷ªªU, jÛb `¨ †c‡g‡›U Ad `¨ wUw_m

`¨ UvIqvi Ad ev‡ej

wkíx : wcUvi eª“‡Nj Uz (1565-1637) c¨v‡b‡j †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 3,80,2505,32,350 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 15 jvL 93 nvRvi 209 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 2 RyjvB 2013, wKsm w÷ªU, jÛb wkíx : Av‡ej wMÖgvi (1570-1618) c¨v‡b‡j †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 6,8,4009,12,600 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 14 jvL 90 nvRvi 998 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 2 RyjvB 2013, wKsm w÷ªU, jÛb

Kb‡P‡Ëv ¯úvwRqvj, †j wP‡q‡m wW †f‡bwRqv wkíx : jywPI dbUvbv (1899-1968) K¨vbfv‡m A¨vwµwjK AvbygvwbK `vg : 61,34,800-92,2,200 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 68 jvL 25 nvRvi 732 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 26 Ryb 2013, jÛb wc‡qbPyi (1959) wkíx : wc‡q‡i †mvDjMvm (1919- ) K¨vbfv‡m †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 30,67,400-46,1,100 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 66 jvL 53 nvRvi 958 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 26 Ryb 2013, jÛb

Wvej B÷ BqK©kvqvi wkíx : †WwfW nKwb (1937-) K¨vbfv‡m †Zjis AvbygvwbK `vg : 30,67,40046,1,100 Wjvi wbjvg n‡q‡Q : 52 jvL 79 nvRvi 763 Wjv‡i wbjv‡gi ZvwiL : 26 Ryb 2013, jÛb

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