CHAPTER 2.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: In the past decades, subjective well-being has become a crucial component of the agenda of governments, and measures of subjective well-being are often wont to assess the prices and benefits of policies e.g., (Blanchflower & Oswald, 2004),(Dolan et al., 2008),(Tinkler, 2015). consistent with the planet Happiness Report 2015 of the United Nations, happier and more satisfied people are more likely to be healthier, productive, and pro-social, leading to benefits for the society as an entire, i.e. higher economic productivity, stronger social welfare, greater societal resilience to natural hazards, and greater mutual care (World Happiness Report 2015 | The World Happiness Report, n.d.). Therefore, most governments and international organizations regard subjective well-being because the most comprehensive measure of wealth, replacing traditional measures like Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and a few social indicators (“OECD Guidel. Meas. Subj. Well-Being,” 2013). Commuting is a crucial component of daily work activities, significantly contributing to the wellbeing of the working population, yet its impact on employee productivity has surprisingly been little studied. Employee productivity (also mentioned as workforce productivity) is broadly defined because of the efficiency of a worker, and it's important for organizations and societies. (Diener, 2012) Understanding the connection between commuting and well-being may offer insight into workers' quality of life and contribute to programs and policies designed to raised support population well-being. Further, understanding how commuting is said to how we feel offers insight into ways of improving existing transportation services, prioritizing investments, and theorizing and modeling the prices and benefits of the visit work. A growing body of evidence shows that commuting is often detrimental to people’s wellbeing and overall life satisfaction. Indeed, recent studies supported large scale national surveys show that commuting duration is negatively related to subjective well-being which the magnitude of this effect outweighs the economic benefits of traveling to and from work, like cheaper housing and better pay(Bryson et al., 2016)(Morris & Guerra, 2015)(Roberts et al., 2011)(Stutzer & Frey, 2008) . More specifically, commuting contributes to elevated stress levels, and more so if an individual travels by car instead of a bicycle or conveyance.
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