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˛ ˝ & ˙ H 5<

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66

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) P Ëš 57

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8:

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Ëš Ë™ Ëš Ëš 6>

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95

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Ëš Ë™ )Ëš

( w)DDD 4*,1`jSW /1W\E V\b\`\1 bm ]\`dhSW YZ1 ,m]\WZSbnx L \*ZZ* 5;B8MD

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% P ˚ %• ˙

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1-\,* ]\aW*W Z* 41YWp a,\1-\ mZ*E Sada* `Sab*E S V*V b\b \b/*W a,\p 3S4Zn , V*h1ab,1 ,mVd]* 4* WpO /1yE hb\+m d ZSf ]\q,SW*an ,\4Y\3Z\abn 3Sbn ,1hZ\D L `\hSb*yb1 *be1q 6>B6<DM 1-\,* ]\j1W Z* ob\ `*/S Z*a P b1Y a*YmY \Z /\V*4*W a,\p Wp+\,n V Z*YD

Ëš % H 7

mVd] P ob\ g1Z*E V\b\`dp 1-\,* 4*]W*bSW 4* b\E hb\+m \a,\+\/Sbn Wp/1y \b -`1f* S aY1`bS L'e1aqO Z*Y 5B;MD b\+m ]\ZqbnE ]\h1Yd Z*a Zd3Z\ +mW\ ,mVdO ]SbnE /*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SYE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ Z1aV\WnV\ bmaqh1W1bSy Z*4*/ , a*/d '/1Y1D *jS ]`1/VSE /*Y S Ëš,*E a\-`1jSWSD 4O4* ob\-\ \ZS dY1`WSD 1]1`n ,a1 Wp/S b\31 dYS`*pbE ]\b\Yd hb\ SY ]\ Z*aW1/ab,d ]1O `1/*1baq Z1a\,1`j1Zab,\D L Y\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 =DM 5E 6D *M *V\y ]\/*`\V ,m +m Z*4,*WS a*YmY WdhjSYH +M \h1Yd ,mO Vd] Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn a*YmY g1ZZmY ]\/*`V\Y \b \-*H 7D \h1Yd Wp/S dYS`*pbH


% P ˚ %• ˙

97

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,\j1W , YS`E * h1`14 -`1f P aY1`bnE S b*VSY \+`*O 4\Y aY1`bn ]1`1jW* Z* ,a1f Wp/1yE ]\b\Yd hb\ ,a1 a\O -`1jSWSx L SYWqZ*Y 9B56MD \-`1jS,E /*YE \+`*4Z\ -\,\`qE ]`\/*W a1+q S Z*a , `*+ab,\ -`1f* S aY1`bS

L SYWqZ*Y ;B58MD \ \- Z*j1W ,mf\/D ;

b\ b*V\1 ,mVd]H mVd] P ob\ ]W*b*E V\b\`dp

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98

Ëš C )H

Zd3Z\ \b/*bnE hb\+m \a,\+\/Sbn V\-\Ob\ S4 `*+ab,* SWS ,1`Zdbn V*VdpOWS+\ ,1knD mVd] /\W31Z +mbn `*,ZmY ]\ ab\SY\abS b\YdE hb\ db`*h1Z\D <

SVb\ S4 Wp/1y Z1 Y\- +m ,mVd]Sbn b\E hb\ ]\b1O `qW /*YE V\-/* a\-`1jSWD \ 1-\,* Z*j1W `1j1ZS1E V*V ,mVd]Sbn Z*a S4 `*+ab,* -`1f* S aY1`bSD Ë™*,*yb1 d4Z*1YE V*V +mW d]W*h1Z ,mVd] S V*V \Z Y\31b ]\,WSO qbn Z* Z*jd 3S4ZnD

% Ëš % =

SVb\ S4 Z*a Z1 Y\31b ,mVd]SbnE SWS ,1`Zdbn \+O `*bZ\E a\,1`j1ZZdp 3S4ZnE V\b\`dp ]\b1`qW /*YD

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\-/* /*Y Z1 ]\aWdj*Waq \-*E \Z WSjSW Z1 b\WnV\ a1+qE Z\ S ,a1f a,\Sf ]\b\YV\, ,\4Y\3Z\abS =D b\ Y\-W\ +m ab*bn ,mVd]\YH 5>D b\ a/1W*W 1-\,*E hb\+m 4*]W*bSbn ,mVd]H 55D \- WS Vb\OZS+d/n 4*]W*bSbn ,mVd] 4* ,a1f Wp/1yH


% P ˚ %• ˙

99

3Sbn ,1hZ\D \- WS Vb\OZS+d/n S4+*,Sbn \b aY1`O bS ,a1f ]\b\YV\, /*Y*H ˙*D L `\hSb*yb1 SYWqO Z*Y 9B5=DM 'b\ a/1W*W Sada `Sab\a P \Z \b/*W , V*O h1ab,1 ,mVd]* a,\p a\,1`j1ZZdp 3S4Zn L5 \`SZeqO Z*Y 59B89MD W*-\/*`q ob\Yd ,a1 ]\b\YVS /*Y* Y\-db +mbn S4+*,W1Zm \b aY1`bS L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B65E 66MD 56 S+WSS \]Sam,*1baqE hb\‹ ]1`13SW Sada `SO ab\a ]1`1/ aY1`bnpB 1-\ 31ab\V\ ,ma1VWS ]W1bnpE ]`S-,\4/SWS V ab\W+d S \ab*,SWS dYS`*bn L \*ZZ* 5=B5E 5:P5<E 7>MD \h1Yd Sada /\W31Z +mW b*V ab`*O /*bnH \b\Yd hb\ *b*Z* 4*q,SWE hb\ ZS \/SZ h1W\,1V Z1 \ab*Z1baq ]`1/*ZZmY \-dE 1aWS 1-\ ]\/,1`-Zdbn Sa]mb*ZSqYD Sada `Sab\a /\V*4*WE hb\ a\,1`j1ZO Zmy h1W\,1V Y\31b a\f`*ZSbn ]`1/*ZZ\abn \-dE /*O 31 1aWS ab\WVZ1baq a d3*aZmYS Sa]mb*ZSqYSD `1/O ab*,nb1E V*V 1-\,* -\`/SWaq Sada\YI L `SbhS 6;B55C aY\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 59MD 57

\ V*VSY \+`*4\Y ,mVd] +mW d]W*h1ZH 58 ZSa*O Z* 77 -\/* ZD oD ]\ 1,`1yaV\Yd V*W1Z/*`p Sada +mW d+Sb LËš,`1qY 5>B5>MD * b`1bSy /1Zn ]\aW1 V*4ZS SadO a* 1-\,* ,\aV`1aSW 1-\E Z\ Z1 V*V h1W\,1V*E * V*V /dO f\,Zdp WShZ\abnD `S ob\Y 4* Sada\Y a\f`*ZSW\an ]`*,\ Z* a\,1`j1ZZdp h1W\,1h1aVdp 3S4Zn Z* 41YO W1D \-/* Sada ,1`ZdWaq Z* Z1+\ V bgdE \Z \b/*W ob\ ]`*,\ 1YdD *V ,mVd] +mW d]W*h1Z LËš,`1qY =B68MD 1-\O ,* ]`SZqW ,mVd]E S b1]1`n d ,a1f ]\b\YV\, /*Y* ]\O q,SW*an ,\4Y\3Z\abn \a,\+\/Sbnaq \b -`1f* S aY1`O bSD L `\hSb*yb1 SYWqZ*Y 7B67E 68DM 56D \h1Yd Sada `Sab\a /\W31Z +mW ]\ab`*/*bnH 57D *V +mW d]W*h1Z ,mVd]H


9:

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% ˝˚ ) & " ˝ ˛ & m d4Z*WSE hb\ ,mVd] Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn a*YmY g1ZO ZmY ]\/*`V\Y \b \-*D ˙*,*yb1 ]\aY\b`SYE V*V d]W*O b* ,mVd]* Y\31b ]\,WSqbn Z1 b\WnV\ Z* Z*jd a1-\/O ZqjZpp 3S4ZnE Z\ S Z* +d/dkdpD 59 `\k1ZS1 -`1f\,D mE Z*,1`Z\1E a\-W*aSb1anE hb\ b`d/Z\ ,a1-/* S ,\ ,a1Y ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D m ,a1 ,`1Yq \jS+*1YaqB Y\31Y aV*4*bn SWS a/1W*bn hb\Ob\ ]W\f\1 L \W\aaqZ*Y 5B57E 58MD *V 31 ]\WdhSbn ]`\k1ZS1 4* Z*jS \jS+VSH ˚aWS Ym SaV`1ZZ1 a\3*O W11Y \ b\YE hb\ ]\abd]SWS Z1]`*,SWnZ\E S aYS`1ZZ\ ]`\aSY 1-\,d \ ]`\k1ZSSE Ym Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE hb\ \Z ]`\abSb Z*jS -`1fS L5 \*ZZ* 5B<E =MD 5: Sab*q a\,1abnD \-/* Ym /1W*1Y hb\Ob\ Z1]`*O ,SWnZ\1E Z*a Z*hSZ*1b YdhSbn a\,1abnD m hd,ab,dO 1Y a1+q ,SZ\,*bmYSE /dY*1YE hb\ d31 ZSh1-\ Z1WnO 4q Sa]`*,SbnD \ ,a1 Z1 b*V ]W\f\D ˚aWS Ym dY\Wq1Y

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Ëš C )H

Ë™ % % Ë› % H 5<

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1Y +\Wnj1 Ym +d/1Y d4Z*,*bn \+ 1-\,1E b1Y +\W11 +WS4VSYS /`d4nqYS Ym +d/1Y ab*Z\,Sbnaq S b1Y aSWnZ11 +d/1Y 1-\ Wp+Sbn

65

`Sadbab,dyb1 Z* 1h1`1 ,\a]\YSZ*ZSq aY1`bS `Sab*D Sada ]\,1W1W Z*Y ,a]\YSZ*bn /1Zn 1-\ aY1`bSD *3/my -\/ , ob\b /1Zn Ym \bY1h*1Y 1O h1`p ,\a]\YSZ*ZSqE SWSE ]\O/`d-\YdE wd3SZ \a]\O /*x L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 55B6>C *be1q 6:B6:P6<MD Sada f\O b1WE hb\+m Ym ]\YZSWS \ b\YE hb\ \Z \b/*W a,\p a\,1`j1ZZdp 3S4Zn V*V ,mVd] 4* Z*aD Z aV*4*WB w˙1O W*yb1 ob\ , ,\a]\YSZ*ZS1 \+\ YZ1xD L `\hSb*yb1 dVS 66B5=DM `Sadbab,dq Z* 1h1`1 ,\a]\YSZ*ZSqE Ym ]\V*4m,*1YE hb\ g1ZSY ,mVd] S ]`S4Z*b1WnZm 4* Wp+\,n 1-\,m S Sada* `Sab*D L Y\b`Sb1 `SW\O 31ZS1 5:DM 66

mVd] P ob\E Z1a\YZ1ZZ\E ,1WSh*yjSy ]\/*`\V Wp/qY L6 \`SZeqZ*Y =B58E 59MD Z ]`SZ1a1b ]\Wn4d /*O 31 b1YE Vb\ a1yh*a Y1`b,D :Oy S ;Oy -W*,*f Ym d4Z*O 1YE V*V ob\ ,\4Y\3Z\D 65E 66D *M \h1Yd Z1\+f\/SY\ V*3/my -\/ ]`Sadbab,\,*bn Z* 1h1O `1 ,\a]\YSZ*ZSq aY1`bS `Sab*H +M b\ +d/1b \+ad3/*bnaq , :Oy S ;Oy -W*,*fH


˚ (˙ ˝˙ ( ) % ˚ w mZ h1W\,1h1aVSy ]`Sj1WDDD hb\+mDDD \b/*bn a,\p /djd V*V ,mVd] 4* YZ\-Sfx L *be1q 6>B6<MD

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% ˛ ˚ w \- ]\aW*W , YS` a,\1-\ 1/SZ\`\/Z\-\ mZ*E hb\+m h1`14 Z1-\ Ym ]\WdhSWS 3S4Znx L5 \*ZZ* 8B=MD

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:5

% ˙ ˚ ˚ ˙ ( ˙˚˝˙ w Z \b`1b ,aqVdp aW14d a Sf -W*4E S aY1`bS d31 Z1 +d/1bx L bV`\,1ZS1 65B8MD

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:

Ë™ Ëš Ëš Ëš Ëš H

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5P7D *VS1 ,\]`\am \ aY1`bS 4*/*pb Wp/S S V*V Z* ZSf \b,1h*pb `*4Zm1 `1WS-SSH 8D h1Y a\,]*/*pb YZ1ZSq `*4Zmf `1WS-Sy , \bZ\j1ZSS aY1`bSH


Ë™ Ëš Ëš Ëš Ëš H

:7

Ë™ Ëš Ëš H 9

b,1b Z* ,\]`\aE hb\ ]`\Saf\/Sb ]\aW1 aY1`bSE 4Z*1b 1-\,*D Z aV*4*WE hb\E V\-/* h1W\,1V dYS`*1bE 1-\ 3S4Zn 4*V*ZhS,*1baqD Y1`bn P ob\ ]`\bS,\]\O W\3Z\abn 3S4ZSD \aW1 aY1`bS hd,ab,*E YmaWS S ,\aO ]\YSZ*ZSq h1W\,1V* Z1 ]`\/\W3*pb adk1ab,\,*bn -/1Ob\ 1k11D \aW1 aY1`bS h1W\,1V +\Wnj1 Z1 Y\31b ,S/1bnE aWmj*bn SWS /dY*bnD : *`n \W\Y\Z Z*]Sa*WB w 1`b,m1 ZSh1-\ Z1 4Z*O pbxD 1`b,m1 Z1 Y\-db ZS Wp+SbnE ZS Z1Z*,S/1bnD

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Ëš

;

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:8

Ëš )H

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1-\,* a\4/*W Wp/1yE hb\+m \ZS 3SWS Z* 41YW1 ,1hZ\


Ë™ Ëš Ëš Ëš Ëš H

:9

b1Wn b\31 Z1 f\h1bE hb\+m Ym dYS`*WSD \-/* ]\h1Yd Wp/S dYS`*pbH

Ëš (Ë™ ( H =

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=D \h1Yd 1-\,* /*W /*Yd S Ëš,1 ]\,1W1ZS1 S +mW\ WS b`d/Z\ 1-\ Sa]\WZqbnH 5>E 55D *M *Vdp W\3n *b*Z* aV*4*W /*Yd S Ëš,1H +M \h1Yd ]\abd]O Vd /*Y* S Ëš,m Z1b \]`*,/*ZSqH


::

Ëš )H

ab*W* 1abnE * ]\b\Y /*W* Yd3dE S \Z b\31 ]\1WD /*Y S Ëš,* 4Z*WSE hb\ Z1Wn4q 1abn ]W\/m a ob\-\ /1`1,*D \ ,a1 `*,Z\ al1WSD *V\1 Z1d,*31ZS1 V Wp+qk1Yd bgdI *V \ZS Z*Y1`1ZZ\ Z1 ]\aWdj*WSan ]\ZqbZ\-\ S Z1O b`d/Z\-\ dV*4*ZSq \-*D f ]\abd]Vd Z1b \]`*,/*ZSqI 56

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/*Y +mW a\4/*Z S4 ]mWS S , ]mWn ,\4,`*bSWaq


˙ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ H

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˛ ˚ ˝ ˛ & ˙ ˚

59

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Ëš )H

Wp/S ]\aW1 aY1`bS ,1hZ\ -\`qb , */dD 'b* W\3n \aV\`+Wq1b 1-\,dD Z ZSV\-/* Z1 ab*W +m b*V S4/1O ,*bnaq Z*/ Wp/nYSI L `\hSb*yb1 5 \*ZZ* 8B<DM b\ +m ,m ]\/dY*WS \ h1W\,1V1E V\b\`my Z*V*4m,*1b a,\1O -\ `1+1ZV*E /1`3* 1-\ `dVS Z*/ \-Z1YH w *V*q 31ab\O V\abnI ) Z1 f\hd SY1bn ZSh1-\ \+k1-\ a obSY h1W\,1O V\YxD Y1ZZ\ ob\-\ S /\+S,*1baq *b*Z* P 1aWS Ym +dO /1Y /dY*bnE hb\ \- 31ab\VSyE Ym Z1 4*f\bSY a ZSY /`d3SbnD 5< Ë™`d-S1 `1WS-SS dh*bE hb\ ]\aW1 aY1`bS Wp/S ]`1O ,`*k*pbaq , /df\,E ]\ob\Yd Sf Zd3Z\ ]\hSb*bn S ab*O `*bnaq Z1 `*aa1`/SbnE ,1/n obS /dfS Y\-db ab*bn WS+\ 4*kSbZSV*YSE WS+\ ,`*-*YSD a\3*W1ZSpE ob\y W3S ,1`qb YZ\-S1 Wp/SD ZS /*31 ]\VW\Zqpbaq obSY /df*Y V*V \-dD \E V*V Ym d31 d4Z*WSE Y1`b,m1 ZSO h1-\ Z1 hd,ab,dpbE 4Z*hSbE Z1 ab\Sb +\qbnaqE hb\ Ym Sf \-\`hSYD `\Y1 b\-\E Z*j1-\ ]\VW\Z1ZSq /\ab\SZ b\WnV\ 1-\,*E ,1/n \Z P SabSZZmy \- S \4/*b1Wn ,a1-\ L bV`\,1ZS1 8B55MD 5= ËšaWS Ym 4Z*1Y ]`*,/d \ aY1`bSE Ym Z1 ]\,1`SY W3SE V\b\`\y dh*b W\3Zm1 `1WS-SSD `\Y1 b\-\E Ym 1k1 +\Wnj1 +d/1Y g1ZSbn Z1V\b\`m1 S4 \+1k*ZSy 1O -\,m , \bZ\j1ZSS Z*j1-\ +d/dk1-\D 6> Z\-\ ab\W1bSy Z*4*/ \/SZ \3Sy aWd3Sb1WnE V\O b\`\-\ 4,*WS \,E a]`\aSWB wËšaWS dY`1b h1W\,1VE aY\O 31b WS \Z aZ\,* 3SbnHx L \, 58B58MD , a*Y\Y /1W1E ,\4O Y\3Z\ WSE hb\+m dY1`jS1 aZ\,* ab*WS 3SbnH \E hb\ -\,\`Sbaq \+ ob\Y , S+WSSE Y\31b ,*a \h1Zn d/S,SbnD aW1/dpk1y -W*,1 ,m d4Z*1b1 \b,1b Z* ob\b ,\]`\aD 5<D \h1Yd Z1 ab\Sb +\qbnaq Y1`b,mfH 5=D Ë›*h1Y 4Z*bn ]`*,/d \ aY1`bSH 6>D h1Y Ym d4Z*1Y S4 aW1/dpk1y -W*,mH


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˛ ˚ ˝ ˛ & ˙ ˚ w˚aWS dY`1b h1W\,1VE aY\31b WS \Z aZ\,* 3SbnH DDD) +d/d 3/*bnE ]\V* Z1 ]`S/1b Y\1 \a,\+\3/1ZS1x L \, 58B58MD

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Ëš Ëš

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˚˙ & ˚E hb\ ,*a ]`S-\,\`SWS V ]\3S4Z1ZO Z\Yd 4*VWph1ZSp 4* ]`1abd]W1ZS1E V\b\`\-\ ,m Z1 a\,1`j*WSD ,\b ,m aS/Sb1 , bp`nY1D */13/m Z* \a,\+\3/1ZS1 Z1bD m ]\ZSY*1b1E hb\ ZSh1-\ Z1 Y\O 31b1 S4Y1ZSbnD m , \bh*qZSSD \ ,/`d- ,m d4Z*1b1E hb\ 1abn Vb\Ob\E Vb\ Y\31b ,*a \a,\+\/SbnE S \Z ]\O \+1k*W a/1W*bn ob\D b\ ,m b\-/* ]\hd,ab,d1b1H 6 b*VSY ]\3S4Z1ZZmY 4*VWph1ZS1Y Y\3Z\ a`*,O ZSbn aY1`bnD b\ +m Ym ZS /1W*WSE Ym Z1 aY\31Y ,mybS Z* a,\+\/dD \ 1-\,* , aSW*f \a,\+\/Sbn Z*aD Z \+1k*1bE hb\ a\ aY1`bnp +d/1b ]\V\Zh1Z\ L5 \O `SZeqZ*Y 59B6:MD 7

*V\1 ah*abn1 Z1 +\qbnaq aY1`bSI 1-\,* \+1k*O 1b Z1 b\WnV\ S4+*,Sbn Z*a \b aY1`bSE Z\ S ,1`Zdbn V 3S4ZS b1fE Vb\ d31 dY1`D \- aV*4*WE hb\ dY1`jS1 +dO /db 3Sbn aZ\,* L a*Sq 6:B5=MD S+WSS ob\ Z*4m,*1bO aq ,\aV`1a1ZS1YD

Ë™ ( Ë› Ëš *VS1 hd,ab,* ,m4m,*1b d Z*a aY1`bn +WS4V\O -\ /`d-* SWS V\-\Ob\ S4 `\/ZmfH SWnZdp +\Wn S -\O `1D m hd,ab,d1Y a1+q +1a]\Y\kZmYS P ,1/n ZSh1-\ 8

5P7D V*V\y wbp`nY1x Ym ,a1 Z*f\/SYaq S V*V 1-\,* Z*a \a,\+\O /SbH 8D *M b\ Y\31b ab*bn db1j1ZS1YE V\-/* Ym b1`q1Y V\-\Ob\ S4 +WS4O VSfH +M V1Y /`d3SW SadaH


;6

Ëš )H

Z1 Y\31Y a/1W*bnE hb\+m ,1`Zdbn +WS4V\-\ h1W\,1V* \+`*bZ\D \ S+WSq Y\31b Z*a db1jSbnD L `\hSb*yO b1 6 \`SZeqZ*Y 5B7E 8DM *aaY\b`SY \/SZ aWdh*yE V\b\`my ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ 1-\,* S Sada `Sab\a \h1Zn f\bqbE hb\+m Z*jS +WS4VS1 +mWS 3S,mD \-/*

Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E \Z /`d3SW a *4*`1Y S 1-\ a1O ab`*YSE *`e\y S *`S1yD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ w Sada Wp+SW *`edE 11 a1ab`d S *4*`qxD /Z*3/m *4*`n bq31W\ 4*+\W1W S dY1` L \*ZZ* 55B7P9MD 9 Sada ]\j1W V *`e1 S *`SSE hb\+m db1jSbn SfD \-/* *`e* daWmj*W*E hb\ Sada S/1b V ZSYE \Z* ,mjW* 1-\ ,ab`1bSbnD \bq *`e* +mW* `*/* ,SO /1bn Sada*E \Z* aV*4*W* 1YdB wËšaWS +m bm +mW 4/1anE Y\y +`*b Z1 dY1` +mxD Ëšy V*4*W\anE hb\ Sada ]`Sj1W aWSjV\Y ]\4/Z\D \b\Y Sada d,S/1W 11 a1ab`dE *O `SpEP \Z* -\`nV\ ]W*V*W*D Sada ]`\ZSVaq Sf -\`1Y S b\31 4*]W*V*W L \*ZZ* 55B65E 77E 79MD Z ]\hd,ab,\O ,*W b*Vdp 31 +\WnE V*Vdp hd,ab,d1Y YmE V\-/* b1`qO 1Y V\-\Ob\ S4 +WS4VSfD :

*V 31 db1j*1b YmaWn \ b\YE hb\ Sada ]\ZSY*O 1b Z*jS hd,ab,*I , ob\Y \Z ]\f\3 Z* a,\1-\ bg* L \*ZZ* 58B=MD h1Zn aV\`\ 1-\,* ]\V\ZhSb a\ aY1`O bnp P d Z1-\ 1abn aSW* a/1W*bn ob\D

w Ë› &E % Ë™ Ix

Sada ]\/\j1W V aVW1]dE -/1 +mW ]\f\`\Z1Z *O 4*`nD 'b\ +mW* ]1k1`*E ,f\/ , V\b\`dp +mW 4*V`mb ;

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) Ëš Ëš H

;7

+\WnjSY V*YZ1YD Z ]\]`\aSWB w +1`Sb1 V*Y1ZnxD \ *`e* +mW* ]`\bS,E ]\b\Yd hb\ b`d] Z*f\/SWaq , aVW1]1 d31 h1bm`1 /Zq L \*ZZ* 55B7=MD Z* Z1 4Z*W*E hb\ SY1ZZ\ a\+S`*Waq a/1W*bn SadaE hb\+m ]\Y\hn 11 dY1`j1Yd +`*bdD < \-/* V*Y1Zn ,a1 31 d+`*WSE Sada V`SVZdWB w *O 4*`nE ,mf\/SIx 4*b1Y ]`\S4\jW\ b\E h1-\ *`e* S *`Sq ZSV*V Z1 \3S/*WS P wh1W\,1VE V\b\`my +mW Y1`b,E ,mj1WxD w \ Z\-*Y S `dV*Y \Z +mW \+Y\b*Z bV*Znpx L \*ZZ* 55B87E 88MD *4*`n +mW 3S, P Sada 1-\ ,\aV`1aSWI `1/ab*,nb1E V*V `*/\,*WSan 1-\ /`dO 4nq S `\/ab,1ZZSVSE hb\ \Z aZ\,* a ZSYSE hb\ \ZS Y\O -db aZ\,* 1-\ \+Zqbn S aZ\,* ]\-\,\`SbnD 'b\ +mW\ Z*ab\qk11 hd/\I

w˙˚ E ( ˚ ˚B &Ix =

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Sadad S ab*W dY\Wqbn 1-\ Sag1WSbn /\hnD Z* +mO W* 1-\ 1/SZab,1ZZmY `1+1ZV\YD \ ,`1Yq ob\-\ `*4-\,\`* *S`d a\\+kSWSB w ,\q /\hn dY1`W*I Ë›*O h1Y 1k1 db`d3/*bn dhSb1WqHx \ Sada 4*,1`SW *O S`*B w 1 +\yaqE b\WnV\ ,1`nE S \Z* +d/1b a]*a1O Z*xD Ë›*b1Y \ZS ,Y1ab1 ]\jWS , /\Y *S`*D V\W\ =E 5>D *M bVd/* d Sada* `Sab* +mW* aSW* ,\aV`1j*bn Wp/1yH +M Ë›*h1Y , S+WSS +mW\ 4*]Sa*Z\ \ b\YE V*V V\-\Ob\ ,\aV`1j*WSH


;8

Ëš )H

/\Y* Sada ,ab`1bSW ]W*hdkSf Wp/1yD Z aV*4*W SYB w 1`1ab*Znb1 ]W*V*bnE ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z* Z1 dY1`W*E * a]SbxD V\`11 ,a1-\E `\/Sb1WS /1,\hVS Z1 /\ V\Zg* ]\ZSY*WSE hb\ Sada SY1W , ,S/dD Z ]\]`\aSW ,a1f ,mybS S4 /\Y*D ˛*b1Y Sada ,Y1ab1 a \bg\Y S Y*b1O `np /1,\hVS ,\j1W , V\YZ*bdE -/1 \Z* W13*W*D 13O Z\ ,4q, 11 4* `dVdE \Z aV*4*WB w˙1,\hV*E -\,\`p b1+1B ,ab*ZnIx *V 31 +mWS ah*abWS,m `\/Sb1WSE V\-/* /1O ,\hV* ,ab*W* S Z*h*W* f\/SbnI *V Sada ,\aV`1aSW /\hn *S`* L *`V* 9B66P68E 79P86C dVS <B8=P9:MD 1O ]1`n V*3/my /1ZnE ,S/q a,\p /\hn 3S,\yE `\/Sb1WS ,a]\YSZ*WSE hb\ /Wq ZSf a/1W*W 1-\,*1D 5>

\Z1hZ\E ,a1E V\-\ Sada ,\aV`1aSWE `*Z\ SWS ]\4/Z\ dY1`WSD \ obS aWdh*S ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ 1-\O ,* f\h1b ,\aV`1aSbn dY1`jSf S \+q4*b1WnZ\ ob\ a/1O W*1bD *V*q 4*Y1h*b1WnZ*q Z*/13/*I

Ëš Ëš Ëš & Ëš " S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ wY1`b,m1 ZSh1-\ Z1 4Z*pbxD \ 31 a*Y\1 Y\3Z\ +mW\ aV*4*bn S \ *4*`1 L'VVW14S*ab =B9MD Ëš-\ aY1`bn +mW* ]\f\3* Z* a\Z L \O *ZZ* 55B55MD \V* *4*`n +mW , Y\-SW1E \Z wZSh1-\ Z1 4Z*WxD 56 ,S/1b1WqYS ,\aV`1a1ZSq *4*`q ab*WS YZ\-S1D 55

1 S+WSS 4*]Sa*Zm S /`d-S1 aWdh*SE V\-/* Vb\Ob\ ,\aV`1a*WD `1/S ,\aV`1ajSf +mWS Y\W\/m1 S ]\3SWm1E Yd3hSZm S 31ZO kSZmE S4`*SWnbqZ1 S Wp/S S4 /`d-Sf Z*`\/\,D + ob\Y ,m Y\31O b1 ]`\hSb*bn , 5 *`1y 5;B5;P68C 6 *`1y 8B76P7;C 57B6>E 65C *be1q 6<B9P;C dVS ;B55P5;C <B8>P9:C ˙1qZSq =B7:P86C 6>B;P56D

55D b\ -\,\`Sbaq , 'VVW14S*ab1 =B9 \ Y1`b,mf S V*V ob\ ]\Y\-*1b Z*Y ]\ZqbnE , V*V\Y a\ab\qZSS +mW *4*`nH 56D bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ ,\aV`1a1ZS1 *4*`q Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 +mW\H


]\ab\W 1b` ,\aV`1aSW f`SabS*ZVd ]\ SY1ZS ˙\`V* L˙1qZSq =B7:P86M Wnq ,\aV`1aSW amZ* ,/\,m L5 *`1y 5;B5;P68M

*V 31 `*/\,*WSan `\/Zm1 S /`d4nq *4*`qE V\-/* \Z +mW ,\aV`1j1ZI L \*ZZ* 55B7<P88M


;:

Ëš )H

Ë™*31 ]`\bS,ZSVS Sada* ]\ZSY*WSE hb\ ob\ +mW\ hdO /\D *4*`n +mW aZ\,* 3S, P S ob\ /\V*4m,*W\E hb\ ,\aV`1a1ZS1 Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 ]`\S4\jW\ L \*ZO Z* 55B8;MD *4*`p ]`Sf\/SW\ YZ\-\ Wp/1yE V\b\`m1E d,S/1, 1-\ 3S,mYE Z*hSZ*WS ,1`SbnE hb\ Sada +mW ]\aW*Z \-\YD \Z1hZ\E ob\ Z1 Z`*,SW\an ]`\bS,ZSO V*YE S ]\ob\Yd \ZS 4*/dY*WS d+Sbn S Sada*E S *4*O `q L \*ZZ* 55B97C 56B=P55MD 57

Sada aV*4*WE hb\ w,a1 Z*f\/qkS1aq , ]*YqbZmf aVW1]*fx +d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm L \*ZZ* 9B6<MD 'b\ \4Z*O h*1bE hb\ ,a1E V\-\ ]\YZSb 1-\,*E aZ\,* +d/db 3SO ,mYSD \E hb\+m ,\aV`1aSbn V\-\Ob\E 1-\,* /\W31Z ]\YZSbn \+ obSf Wp/qf ,a1D \4Y\3Z\ WS ob\H Ë™*,*yO b1 ]\/dY*1YD Z*j1y a1W1ZZ\y adk1ab,dpb YSWWSO *`/m 4,14/D S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ 1-\,* 4Z*1b ]\ SY1ZS V*3/dp 4,14/dD L `\hSb*yb1 a*SS 8>B6:DM ËšaWS 1Yd Z1b`d/Z\ 4*]\YZSbn SY1Z* ,a1f 4,14/E Z1O d31WS 1Yd b`d/Z\ 4*]\YZSbn ,a1 \ b1fE V\-\ \Z a\O +S`*1baq ,\aV`1aSbnHI \W11 b\-\E ]\aV\WnVd 1-\O ,* P \4/*b1WnE Y\3Z\ Z1 a\YZ1,*bnaqE hb\ \Z , aSO W*f ,\aV`1aSbn Wp/1yD 58

/SZ ]`1/*ZZmy \-d h1W\,1VE V\b\`\-\ 4,*O WS \,E ,1`SW , ,\aV`1a1ZS1D /Z*3/m \Z 4*/*W ,\O ]`\aB wËšaWS dY`1b h1W\,1VE aY\31b WS \Z aZ\,* 3SbnHx 4*b1YE \+`*bS,jSan V 1-\,1E aV*4*WB w m ]\4\,1jnE S q \b,1hd b1+1D m 4*b\aVd1jn ]\ /1Wd a,\Sf `dVxD *V ]\V*4m,*pb obS aW\,*E \, +mW d,1O `1ZE hb\ 1-\,* a*Y a Z1b1`]1ZS1Y 3/1b b\-\ ,`1Y1O ZSE V\-/* +d/1b ,\aV`1j*bn dY1`jSf L \, 58B57P59MD 57D \h1Yd Ym Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE hb\ 1-\,* ,\aV`1aSb dY1`jSfH 58E 59D b\ Ym d4Z*1Y \ ,\aV`1a1ZSS S4 aW\, \,*H


) Ëš Ëš H

;;

59

*VS1 hd,ab,* ,m4m,*1b d ,*a YmaWn \ ,\aV`1a1O ZSSH ˚aWS ,m ]\b1`qWS V\-\Ob\ S4 +WS4VSfE ,*aE Z*O ,1`ZqV*E +1a]\V\SbE +d/1b WS \Z ,\aV`1j1ZD *V 31 db1jSb1WnZ\ 4Z*bnE hb\ 1-\,* \h1Zn f\h1bE hb\+m dY1`jS1 aZ\,* Y\-WS 3SbnD b1]1`n /*,*yb1 d4Z*O ‹ 1YE hb\ , S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ b\YE Vb\ +d/1b ,\aV`1O j1Z S -/1 \ZS +d/db 3SbnD

w %" ˚ %•˙ x 5:

p/SE V\b\`m1 V\-/*Ob\ +mWS ,\aV`1j1ZmE Y\-O WS aZ\,* 3Sbn S `*/\,*bnaq \+k1ZSp a a1Yn1y S /`d4nqYSD , +d/dk1YH \WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nb1B d b1fE Vb\ +d/1b ,\aV`1j*bnaqE 1abn ,\4Y\3Z\abn ,\\+k1 Z1 dYS`*bnD f 3/1b a\,a1Y /`d-\y YS` P +14 ,\yZE ]`1abd]Z\abS S +\W14Z1yD 5; b\ +d/1b ,\aV`1j1ZH

Sada aV*4*WB w a1 Z*O f\/qkS1aq , ]*YqbZmf aVW1]*f daWmj*b 1-\ -\W\a S ,my/dbx L \*ZZ* 9B6<E 6=MD bV`\,1ZSS 6>B57 b*VO 31 4*]Sa*Z\B w \`1 \b/*W\ Y1`b,mfE +m,jSf , Z1YE S aY1`bnE S -*/1a \b/*WS Y1`b,mfE +m,jSf , ZSfxD

b*VE ,\aV`1aZdb YSWWS*`/m Wp/1yD ]\ab\W *,1W aV*4*WE hb\ +d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm w]`*,1/Zm1 S Z1]`*O ,1/Zm1xD L `\hSb*yb1 ˙1qZSq 68B59DM V\Y S/1b `1hnH 5<

w]`*,1/ZmYx Y\3Z\ \bZ1abS ,1`Zmf aWd3SO b1W1y 1-\,mE V\b\`m1 3SWS /\ ]`Sf\/* SadO a* `Sab* Z* 41YWpD 'b\E Z*]`SY1`E \yE ,`**YE *``*E \Sa1yE den S 'aeS`nD /`d-Sf ,1`Zmf 5:D *V\y +d/1b 3S4Zn b1fE Vb\ ,\aV`1aZ1b Z* 41YW1H 5;D b\ +d/1b ,\aV`1j1ZH 5<D b\ b*VS1 w]`*,1/Zm1xH


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Ëš )H

aWd3Sb1Wqf Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn S4 55Oy -W*,m SanY* 1,`1O qYD a1 \ZS ]\aW1 ,\aV`1a1ZSq +d/db 3Sbn Z* 41YW1D Y\3Z\ WS Z*4,*bn w]`*,1/ZmYSx ,1`Zmf aWd3Sb1O W1y 1-\,mE V\b\`m1 dYS`*pb , Z*jS /ZSH Ë™*E SE 4Z*O hSbE \ZS b\31 +d/db ,\aV`1j1ZmD

`*p ,\aV`1ajS1 aY\-db aZ\,* d,S/1bnaq a +WS4VSYS


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˚ ˚ ˚ ˝ ˛ ˚ ˚ 65

S+WSS b*V31 4*]Sa*Z\E hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/S +d/db ,\aV`1j1ZmE hb\+m 3Sbn Z* Z1+1D ZSE , \bWSO hS1 \b b1fE Vb\ +d/1b 3Sbn Z* 41YW1E ab*Zdb /df\,ZmO YS a\4/*ZSqYSD 66 Sada +mW ]1`,mYE Vb\ +mW ,\aV`1j1Z V 3S4O ZS Z* Z1+1 L \*ZZ* 7B57MD 1-\,* ,\aV`1aSW Sada* Z* b`1bSy /1Zn ]\aW1 aY1`bS L a*W\Y 5:B5>C ˙1qZSq 57B78E 79MD Sada +mW ,\aV`1j1Z Z1 , eS4Sh1aV\Y b1W1E * V*V Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ\1 /df\,Z\1 a\4/*ZS1 L5 \`SZO eqZ*Y 59B7P:MD ]\ab\W 1b` aV*4*WE hb\ Sada +mW w]`1/*Z aY1`bS , ]W\bSE Z\ \3S,W1Z , /df1x L5 1b`* 5=D b\ b*VS1 wZ1]`*,1/Zm1xH *V*q ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]\q,Sbaq d ZSfE V\-/* \ZS +d/db ,\aV`1j1ZmH 6>D \h1Yd Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/S Z1 +d/db ,\aV`1j1ZmH 65E 66D *M b\ 4Z*hSb ,\aV`1aZdbn V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1H +M b\ ]1`,mY ,\aV`1a V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1H


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Ëš )H

7B5<MD \ Sada P Z1 1/SZab,1ZZmyE Vb\ ,\aV`1aZ1b V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1D 67

1`1/ aY1`bnp Sada aV*4*W a,\SY ,1`ZmY dh1O ZSV*YB w) S/d ]`S-\b\,Sbn ,*Y Y1ab\x L \*ZZ* 58B6MD ˛Z*hSbE +d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm Z1V\b\`m1 S4 1-\ ]\aW1O /\,*b1W1yE hb\+m 3Sbn a ZSY Z* Z1+1D V\WnV\ Sf +dO /1bH Sada aV*4*WE hb\ Sf +d/1b Z1YZ\-\D Z Z*4,*W Sf wY*WmY ab*/\Yx L dVS 56B76MD ]\ab\W \*ZZ Z*O 4,*W b\hZ\1 hSaW\D Z d,S/1W , ,S/1ZSS Sada* S wa ZSY ab\ a\`\V h1bm`1 bmaqhSx L bV`\,1ZS1 58B5MD 68

\-/* +d/db ,\aV`1j*bnaq obS ab\ a\`\V h1bmO `1 bmaqhSH S+WSq a\\+k*1bE hb\ ob\ /\W3Z\ ]`\O S4\ybS ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V Sada `Sab\a Z*hZ1b ]`*O ,Sbn Z* Z1+1 L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B67MD `Sab\a d31 Z*h*W ]`*,SbnE S +\WnjSZab,\ S4 588 >>> ,1`Zmf f`SabS*Z d31 ,\aV`1j1Zm V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1D ab*,jS1aq P V\O b\`m1 1k1 3S,db Z* 41YW1 P ]\aW1 aY1`bS a`*4d 31 ]\]*/*pb Z* Z1+\D b*VE f\bq +\WnjSZab,\ ,\aV`1aO jSf +d/1b 3Sbn Z* 41YW1E Z1+\Wnj*q -`d]]* Wp/1y +d/1b 3Sbn Z* Z1+1D 69

h1Zn aV\`\ 1-\,* \a,\+\/Sb Wp/1y S4 `*+O ab,* aY1`bSC S aY1`bS d31 Z1 +d/1bD L `\hSb*yb1 a*SS 69B<DM \ h1Y +d/db 4*ZSY*bnaq b1E Vb\ ]\y/1b Z* Z1+\H S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ \ZS +d/db ]`*,Sbn ,Y1ab1 a Sada\Y `Sab\Y , *`ab,1 \-*D \WnO j1 \+ ob\Y ]`*,Sb1Wnab,1 Ym d4Z*1Y S4 aW1/dpk1y -W*,mD 67E 68D b\ ,f\/Sb , wY*W\1 ab*/\xE \ V\b\`\Y -\,\`SW SadaH V\WnV\ SfH 69D b\ Ym d4Z*1Y S4 aW1/dpk1y -W*,mH


˚ ˛ (˙˚• ˚ w \aW1/ZSy ,`*-E a V\b\`mY +d/1b ]\V\Zh1Z\EP aY1`bnx L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B6:MD

b\ Y\31b db1jSbn Z*aE V\-/* Ym b1`q1Y V\-\Ob\ S4 +WS4VSfH 6 \`SZeqZ*Y 5B7E 8

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a*Sq 69B<C 6:B5= 1-\,* a/1W*1b b*VE hb\ aY1`bS +\Wnj1 Z1 +d/1bD Z1-\ 1abn /Wq ob\-\ aSW*D Z ,1`Z1b V 3S4ZS /*31 b1fE Vb\ d31 dY1`D

˚# ˚ E ˙˚

˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ % w˙1,\hV*E -\,\`p b1+1B ,ab*ZnIx L *`V* 9B85MD

\h1Yd Y\3Z\ ,1`SbnE hb\ ,\aV`1a1ZS1 ,\4Y\3Z\H

\*ZZ* 55B5P88 Sada ,\aV`1aSW *4*`qD *`V* 9B66P68E 79P86 Sada ,\aV`1aSW /\hn *S`*D

\*ZZ* 55B85E 86 Sada ,\aV`1j*W Wp/1yE Sa]\Wn4dq aSWdE V\b\`dp ]\WdhSW \b 1-\,mD

\*ZZ* 56B=P55 Z\-S1 Wp/S ,S/1WSE V*V Sada ,\aV`1j*W dY1`jSfD Ë™*31 ]`\bS,ZSVS Sada* Z1 a\YZ1,*WSanE hb\ \Z Y\- ob\ /1W*bnD


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˚ ˚

˙% (˙˚• w m ]\4\,1jnE S q \b,1hd b1+1D m 4*b\aVd1jn ]\ /1Wd a,\Sf `dVx L \, 58B57P59MD

b\ +d/1b ,\aV`1j1ZH

\*ZZ* 9B6<E 6= a1E V\-\ ]\YZSb 1-\,*E +d/db 3Sbn aZ\,*D ˙1qZSq 68B59 d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm ]`*,1/Zm1 S Z1]`*,1/Zm1D

a*Sq 8>B6: ˚aWS 1-\,1 Z1b`d/Z\ ]\YZSbn SYq V*3/\y 4,14/mE b\E V\Z1hZ\E 1Yd Z1b`d/Z\ ]\YZSbn ,a1 \ b1fE V\-\ \Z a\+S`*1baq ,\aV`1aSbnD

˚ %˚ ˚

˚ ˚ • ˝ ˛ w) S/d ]`S-\b\,Sbn ,*Y Y1ab\x L \*ZZ* 58B6MD

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+d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1D

bV`\,1ZS1 58B5 1-\,* ,m+`*W 588 >>> h1W\,1VE V\b\`m1 +d/db 3Sbn Z* Z1+1D


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Ëš H % Wp/1y ,\ ,a1Y YS`1 4Z*pb Y\WSb,d w bh1 Z*jxD ob\y Y\WSb,1 Sada ]\V*4*W dh1ZSO V*YE \ h1Y Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaqD Ë™*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY 11 ]\/`\+Z11 S d4Z*1YE ]\h1Yd Z* Z11 ab\Sb \+`*bSbn ,ZSY*ZS1D 6

Sada aV*4*WB w \ob\Yd Y\WSb1an b*VB t *j b1g Z* Z1+1a*fE ]dabn a,qbSbaq b,\1 SYqD dabn ]`SO /1b b,\1 g*`ab,\D dabn b,\q ,\Wq +d/1b S Z* 41YW1E V*V Z* Z1+1rxD L `\hSb*yb1 *be1q :B=P57DM \h1Yd

Sada f\b1WE hb\+m , Z*jSf Y\WSb,*f 4,dh*WS obS b`S ]`\an+mH L Y\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 6>DM 7

m d31 d4Z*WS \+ SY1ZS \-* S \ 1-\ ,\W1 /Wq WpO /1y S 41YWSD \ hb\ SY1W , ,S/d SadaE V\-/* -\,\O `SWB w dabn ]`S/1b b,\1 g*`ab,\xH Ë™*,*yb1 \+ad/SYE hb\ b*V\1 *`ab,\ \-*E h1-\ \Z\ /\abS-Z1b S V*V \Z\ \a,qbSb SYq \-*D

Ëš H 8

1-\,* a\4/*W Z* Z1+1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ S Z*4Z*hSW

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Ëš )H

Sada Y\31b a/1W*bn /Wq Wp/1y +\Wnj1E h1Y WpO +\y /`d-\y ]`*,Sb1WnE S \Z aSWnZ11 ,a1f ]`*,Sb1O W1y ,Y1ab1 ,4qbmfD 9

1`14 a\`\V /Z1y ]\aW1 ,\aV`1a1ZSq Sada ,1`O ZdWaq Z* Z1+\D ]dabq V*V\1Ob\ ,`1Yq 1-\,* Z*O 4Z*hSW 1-\ *`1Y a,\1-\ *`ab,* L˙1qZSq 6B77MD *`O ab,\ \-* +d/1b ]`*,Sbn 41YW1y a Z1+* L bV`\,1ZS1 55B59MD \b ]\h1Yd ob\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ b*V31 Z*4m,*O 1baq wZ1+1aZmY g*`ab,\Yx L6 SY\e1p 8B5<MD :

S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\E , \bWShS1 \b Wp+\-\ /`d-\-\ ]`*,Sb1WqE Sada \+W*/*1b +1aaY1`bS1Y L5 SY\e1p :B5:MD a1 41YZm1 ]`*,Sb1WS `*Z\ SWS ]\4/Z\ dYS`*pbE Z\ Sada Z1 dY`1b ZSV\-/*D a1E hb\ \Z a/1W*1b /Wq Wp/1yE +d/1b ]`SZ\aSbn SY ]\Wn4d ,1hZ\D ;

S+W1yaV\1 ]`\`\h1ab,\ \]Sam,*1b Sada* V*V a]`*,1/WS,\-\ S a\hd,ab,dpk1-\ *`qB w * Z1Y +dO /1b /df 1-\,mE /df Yd/`\abS S ]\ZSY*ZSqE /df a\,1O b* S Y\-dk1ab,*E /df 4Z*ZSq S ab`*f* ]1`1/ 1-\,\yE S \Z +d/1b Z*f\/Sbn `*/\abn , ab`*f1 ]1`1/ 1-\,\yD Z Z1 ab*Z1b ad/Sbn b\WnV\ ]\ b\YdE hb\ ,S/qb 1-\ -W*4*E S Sa]`*,Wqbn b\WnV\ Z* \aZ\,*ZSS b\-\E hb\ aWmj*b 1-\ djSD Z +d/1b ]`*,1/Z\ ad/Sbn +1/Zmfx L a*Sq 55B6P8MD \b1W\an +m ,*YE hb\+m d ,*a +mW b*O V\y ]`*,Sb1WnH <

\- ,m+`*W Z1V\b\`mf Wp/1yE hb\+m \ZS ,Y1O ab1 a Sada\Y ]`*,SWS Z* Z1+1D \b hb\E Z*]`SY1`E *]\ab\W *,1W Z*]Sa*W SY\e1pB wËšaWS a\f`*Zq1Y 9D /1 Z*f\/Sbaq *`ab,\ \-*H 1Y \Z\ +d/1b d]`*,WqbnH :E ;D \h1Yd Sada Wdhj1 Wp+\-\ /`d-\-\ ]`*,Sb1WqH <D bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ Sada +d/1b ]`*,Sbn Z1 \/SZH


Ëš H

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ab\yV\abnE b\ ,Y1ab1 S g*`ab,\,*bn +d/1Yx L6 SY\O e1p 6B56MD V\WnV\ h1W\,1V +d/db ]`*,Sbn ,Y1ab1 a

Sada\YH =

*V Ym d4Z*WS S4 ;Oy -W*,mE a Sada\Y +d/db ]`*O ,Sbn 588 >>> g*`1yD b\ 31 obS g*`SH ]\ab\Wd \*ZO Zd +mW\ /*Z\ ,S/1ZS1E , V\b\`\Y \Z d,S/1W obSf g*O `1y ,Y1ab1 a Sada\YD \*ZZ aV*4*WE hb\ ob\ b1E d V\O -\ wZ* W+d Z*]Sa*Z\DDD SYq Sada* S SYq 1-\ bg*xD *V31 \Z /\+*,SWE hb\ \ZS waW1/dpb 4* )-Z1ZV\Y b\ 1abn Sada\Y E Vd/* +m \Z ZS j1WxD L `\hSb*yO b1 bV`\,1ZS1 58B5E 8DM b*VE obS g*`S P ob\ 588 >>> ,1`Zmf \-d f`SabS*ZE V\b\`mf \- ]\ab*,SW wg*`O ab,\,*bn Z*/ 41YW1yx ,Y1ab1 a Sada\YD \-/* obS Wp/S dYS`*pbE \ZS ,\aV`1j*pbaq V 3S4ZS Z* Z1+1 L bV`\,1ZS1 9B5>MD 1-\,* Z*h*W a\+S`*bn obd -`d]]d 1k1 a\ ,`1Y1Z *]\ab\W\,D 5>

b\YE hb\ ,Y1ab1 a `Sab\Y +d/db ]`*,Sbn WpO /SE ,S/Z* 4*+\b* 1-\,mD Sada +d/1b f\`\jSY ]`*O ,Sb1W1YE ,1/n \Z ]\ZSY*1bE hb\ 4Z*hSb +mbn h1W\,1O V\Y S hb\ 4Z*hSb ab`*/*bnD ]\ab\W *,1W Z*]Sa*WE hb\ Sada Y\31b wa\hd,ab,\,*bn Z*jSY aW*+\abqYx S hb\ \Z w+mW Sa]mb*Z ,\ ,a1YE ]\/\+Z\ Z*Yx LËš,`1O qY 8B59C 9B<MD b\ a\`\V h1bm`1 bmaqhS b\31 ]\ZSY*O pbE hb\ 4Z*hSb +mbn Z1a\,1`j1ZZmYS S +\W1bnD \oO b\Yd Y\3Z\ Z1 a\YZ1,*bnaqE hb\ Sada S 1-\ a\]`*O ,Sb1WS ]\ZSY*pb Z*jS hd,ab,* S 4Z*pbE a V*VSYS b`d/Z\abqYS Ym ab*WVS,*1YaqD =D V\WnV\ h1W\,1V +d/db ]`*,Sbn a Sada\YH \-/* \- Z*h*W a\+SO `*bn obd -`d]]dH 5>D *V , b\YE hb\ Wp/nYS +d/db ]`*,Sbn Sada `Sab\a S 588 >>>E ,S/Z* Wp+\,n 1-\,mH


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Ëš )H

˙˚ ˚ ˙ #˚ H 55

Sada dhSW dh1ZSV\, Y\WSbnaqE hb\+m Z* Z1O +1 Sa]\WZqW*an ,\Wq \-*D \h1YdH 4 7Oy -W*,m Ym d4Z*WSE hb\E V\-/* *b*Z* ˙nq,\W ,\aab*W ]`\bS, 1O -\,mE \- ]\4,\WSW 1Yd S /`d-SY Z1,1`ZmY *Z-1W*YE V\b\`m1 Z*4m,*pbaq /1Y\Z*YSE V*V\1Ob\ ,`1Yq \ab*O ,*bnaq Z* Z1+1D 4O4* ob\-\ Z1Wn4q +mW\ aV*4*bnE hb\ ,a1 a\4/*ZSq Z* Z1+1 Sa]\WZqpb ,\Wp \-*D 4 5>Oy -W*,m ob\y VZS-S Ym d4Z*1Y +\Wnj1 \ *b*Z1 S /1Y\O Z*fD 56

S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\E ,aV\`1 ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V Sada ab*W *`1Y \3n1-\ *`ab,*E \Z Z*h*W ,\1,*bn ]`\bS, *b*ZmD L `\hSb*yb1 bV`\,1ZS1 56B;P5>DM 5>OY abSf1 \]Sam,*pbaq /,* ,*3Zmf a\O +mbSqD \O]1`,mfE *`ab,\ \-* Z*hSZ*1b ]`*,Sbn S 1-\ *`1Y ab*Z\,Sbaq Sada `Sab\aD \O,b\`mfE *b*Zd a+`*am,*pb a Z1+* Z* 41YWpD *V Ym d4Z*1Y /*Wnj1E \+* obSf a\+mbSq d31 ]`\S4\jWSD 57

S+WSS 4*]Sa*Z\B w */dyb1anE Z1+1a* S 3S,dO kS1 Z* ZSfIx L bV`\,1ZS1 56B56MD *V 31 `*/\,*WSan ,1`Zm1 \-d *Z-1WmE V\-/* *b*Z* S 1-\ /1Y\Zm +mWS a+`\j1Zm a Z1+*I 1]1`n ,\Wp \-* Sa]\WZqpb ,a1 a\4/*ZSq Z* Z1+1D ZS 3S,db , YS`1 S 1/SZab,1D 58 \ Z* 41YW1 a1yh*a ,a1 ]\O/`d-\YdD p/S \h1Zn 55D \h1Yd Sada dhSW Y\WSbnaqE hb\+m Z* Z1+1 Sa]\WZqW*an ,\Wq \-*H 56D V*VSf /,df ,*3Zmf a\+mbSqf -\,\`Sbaq , bV`\,1ZSS 56B5>H 57D *V S4Y1ZSW*an aSbd*gSq Z* Z1+1E ]\aW1 b\-\ V*V \bbd/* +mW a+`\j1Z *b*Z*H 58D b\ ]`\Saf\/Sb Z* 41YW1E S4O4* b\-\ hb\ *b*Z* +mW a+`\j1Z a Z1+*H


Ëš H

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ab`*/*pbE ]\b\Yd hb\ ˙nq,\W w, aSWnZ\Y -Z1,1x P w\Z 4Z*1bE hb\ d Z1-\ \ab*1baq Y*W\ ,`1Y1ZSx L bO V`\,1ZS1 56B56MD *b*Zd a+`\aSWS a Z1+*E S \Z 4Z*1bE hb\ aV\`\ +d/1b dZShb\31ZD Z , q`\abSD Z /1W*1b ,a1E hb\+m Z* 41YW1 +mW\ YZ\-\ -\`qE +\WS S ab`*/*O ZSyD 59

\Wq \-* , \bZ\j1ZSS 41YWS Z1 S4Y1ZSW*anD Z ]\O]`13Z1Yd f\h1bE hb\+m 41YWq +mW* `*1Y S Z* Z1y ,1hZ\ 3SWS a\,1`j1ZZm1 Wp/S L a*W\Y 7;B6=MD *V *`ab,\ \-* a/1W*1b ob\H 5:

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Ëš H 66

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\bq , S+WSS ]`1/aV*4m,*W\anE hb\ , ]\aW1/O ZS1 /ZS YS` +d/1b ]\W\Z +\WS S ab`*/*ZSyE , Z1y b*VO 31 +mW\ \+1k*Z\ S hb\Ob\ f\`\j11D 57

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`\]\,1/n ]\ ,a1Yd YS`dD Sada aV*4*WE hb\ , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZS ]\ ,a1y \+Sb*1Y\y 41YW1 +d/1b ]`\O ]\,1/*Z* w+W*-*q ,1abn \ g*`ab,1x L *be1q 68B7E 58MD 1-\/Zq +W*-*q ,1abn \ *`ab,1 ]`\]\,1/d1bO aq +\W11 h1Y , 67> ab`*Z*f S +\W11 h1Y Z* ;>> q4mO V*fD \ ,a1y 41YW1 ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m wS4 ,a1f Z*gSy S ]W1Y1Zx `*aaV*4m,*pb Wp/qY \ *`ab,1 \-* S 56E 57D b\ 1-\,* ]\Y\- Z*Y ]\Zqbn , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZSH 58D *aV\WnV\ jS`\V\ ]`\]\,1/d1baq +W*-*q ,1abn \ *`ab,1 S Vb\ obSY 4*ZSY*1baqH


5>>

Ëš )H

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˚ %H \-W*aZm WS ,m a b1YE hb\ Ym 3S,1Y , ]\O aW1/ZS1 /ZSH ˙1yab,Sb1WnZ\E a1-\/Zq Sa]\WZqpbaq YZ\-S1 ]`\`\h1ab,* \ ]\aW1/ZSf /ZqfD \,a1Y aV\O `\ 1-\,* \ab*Z\,Sb ]`\]\,1/n +W*-\y ,1abSD w \-/* ]`S/1b V\Z1gx L *be1q 68B58MD w \Zg\Yx ab*Z1b `O Y*-1//\Z P ,\yZ*E , V\b\`\y \- ]\V\ZhSb a\ 4W\YD

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59D *M \-W*aZm WS ,m a b1YE hb\ Ym 3S,1Y , ]\aW1/ZS1 /ZSE S ]\h1O YdH +M b\ +d/1b a b1YS Wp/nYSE V\b\`m1 +d/db aWdj*bnaq \-*E S a b1YSE Vb\ Z1 +d/dbH 5:D b\ ,*Y Zd3Z\ /1W*bn , a,q4S a b1YE hb\ V\Z1g \h1Zn +WS4V\H


w'b* +W*-*q ,1abn \ g*`ab,1 +d/1b ]`\]\,1/*Z* ]\ ,a1y \+Sb*1Y\y 41YW1x L *be1q 68B58M


5>6

Ëš )H

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5>8

˝ ˙˚ & H w˙1Zn 1-\,m ]`S/1b b\hZ\ b*VE V*V ,\` Z\hnpx L5 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 9B6MD

b\ b`1+d1baq \b ,*aH

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5>

˙ ˚ ˙˚

˚ f\h1bE hb\+m Ym 4Z*WS ]`*,/d \+ *Z-1W*fE ]\O b\Yd hb\ \ZS P h*abn 1-\ a1YnSD S+WSq Z*4m,*1b *ZO -1W\, wamZ\,nqYS \-*x L \, 7<B;MD 1Y 4*ZSY*pbaq *Z-1WmH \Y\-*pb WS \ZS Wp/qYH \-db WS \ZS ]\O Y\hn Z*YH L Y\b`Sb1 `SW\31ZS1 <DM 6

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˚ % ( ˝ ˚ ) 8

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5>:

Ëš )H

1k1 +\Wnj1 `*aab`*S,*1b b\E hb\ +\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1y a1-\/Zq b\31 Z1 aWdj*pbaq 1-\,dD \b ]\h1Yd *ZO -1Wm `*/dpbaqE V\-/* Vb\Ob\ S4 Wp/1y `*aV*S,*1baq S ]`Sf\/Sb V \-d L dVS 59B5>MD \Z1hZ\E *Z-1W\, ]\O \a\+1ZZ\Yd ,\WZd1b 3S4Zn b1fE Vb\ aWd3Sb \-dD b\O +m ]\4*+\bSbnaq \ a,\Sf aWd3Sb1Wqf SWS 4*kSbSbn SfE 1-\,* ]\amW*1b Z* ]\Y\kn *Z-1W\, LËš,`1qY 5B;E 58MD *aaY\b`SY Z1aV\WnV\ ]`SY1`\,D w \y \- ]\aW*W a,\1-\ *Z-1W*E hb\+m 4*V`mbn ]*abS Wn,\,x LË™*ZSSW :B66M


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5>;

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5><

Ëš )H

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˙ ˚ ˙˚

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55

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Ëš Ëš Ë› H

55;

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55<

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567

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˝˙%• ˛ ˙ ˝˚ ) & ˚"˚ ˚ 58

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575

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576

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( Ëš E ( Ëš 6>

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578

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57

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˝ ˛ & ˙ ˚

ˇ \- ahSb*1b *+\`b d+Syab,\Y

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ˇ 1Z*,Sabn P 4W\ , -W*4*f \-*


˚ ˚ ˙ ˝ ˛

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˚ ˚ ˙ ˝ ˛

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˚ ˚ ˙ ˝ ˛

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58

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\OZ*ab\qk1Yd Wp+qb /`d- /`d-*D Sada Z*dhSW a,\Sf dh1ZSV\, Wp+Sbn /`d- /`d-*E S SabSZZm1 aWd3SO b1WS \-* b*V S ]\abd]*pbD L `\hSb*yb1 \*ZZ* 57B79DM 14*,SaSY\ \b b\-\E -/1 \ZS `\/SWSanE , V*V\y VdWnbd`1 ,m`\aWSE +\-*bm \ZS SWS +1/ZmE \ZS Wp+qb /`d- /`d-* V*V +`*bnq S a1ab`m L \W\aaqZ*Y 7B58MD \oO b\Yd \ZS Z1 S/db Z* ,\yZd S Z1 d+S,*pbD S+WSS -\O ,\`SbaqB w˙1b1y \-* S /1b1y ˙nq,\W* Y\3Z\ d4Z*bn b*VB ,aqVSyE Z1 ]\abd]*pkSy ]`*,1/Z\EP Z1 \b \-*E <D b\ Sada aV*4*W \ ]\VW\Z1ZSS \-dH =E 5>D *V aWd3Sb1WS \-* ]`\q,Wqpb Wp+\,n /`d- V /`d-dH


& ) & ) H

59;

V*V S Z1 Wp+qkSy a,\1-\ +`*b*xD 1k1B w m /\W3Zm Wp+Sbn /`d- /`d-*D m Z1 /\W3Zm +mbn b*VSYSE V*V *O SZE V\b\`my +mW \b ˛W\-\ S d+SW a,\1-\ +`*b*x L5 \*ZO Z* 7B5>P56C 8B6>E 65MD 5>

abSZZm1 aWd3Sb1WS \-* -\b\,m b`*bSbn a,\S aSWm S a`1/ab,* Z* b\E hb\+m ]\Y\-*bn /`d- /`d-d LËš,O `1qY 5>B68E 69MD ZS /1W*pb /\+`\ ,a1Y Wp/qY L *W*b*Y :B5>MD 55

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aWd3Sb1WS \-* ]\abd]*pb V*V *]\ab\WmE V\b\`m1 \/Z*3/m aV*4*WSB w m /\W3Zm ]\/hSZqbnaq \-d V*V ]`*,Sb1WpE * Z1 Wp/qYx L˙1qZSq 9B6=C *`V* 56B5;MD 57 1`qbE hb\ b\WnV\ *`ab,\ \-* `1jSb ,a1 ]`\O +W1Ym Wp/1yD Sada aV*4*WE hb\ ]\ ,a1Yd YS`d +d/1b ]`\]\,1/*Z* w+W*-*q ,1abn \ g*`ab,1xD L `\hSb*yb1 *be1q 68B58DM S \/Z\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ Z1 Y\31b /*bn Z*Y b\E hb\ /*ab *`ab,\ \-* L a*W\Y 58:B7MD Sada ]\O ,1W1WE hb\+m Ym Y\WSWSan \ ]`Sf\/1 ob\-\ *`ab,*B w dabn ]`S/1b b,\1 g*`ab,\D dabn b,\q ,\Wq +d/1b S Z* 41YW1E V*V Z* Z1+1x L *be1q :B5>MD S+WSS +mO W\ ]`1/aV*4*Z\E hb\ *`ab,\ \-* dab`*ZSb ,a1 ]`*,SO b1Wnab,*E * a*Y\ w+d/1b ab\qbn ,1hZ\x L˙*ZSSW 6B88MD 58

b*VE V*V ]\O,*j1YdE Vb\ a\\b,1bab,d1b ,a1Y obSY ]`S4Z*V*YB Vb\ \aZ\,m,*1b a,\S dh1ZSq Z* S+WSSH b\ `*aaV*4m,*1b Wp/qY \+ SY1ZS \-*H V\Y Y\3O Z\ aV*4*bnE hb\ \ZS ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd Wp+qb /`d- /`dO -*H b\ ,1`SbE hb\ b\WnV\ h1`14 Sada* `Sab* Y\3Z\ ]\WdhSbn a]*a1ZS1H b\ Z1 dh*ab,d1b , ]\WSbSV1H b\ ]`\]\,1/d1bE hb\ b\WnV\ *`ab,\ \-* aY\31b `1jSbn ,a1 ]`\+W1Ym Wp/1yH 'b\ ,S/1b1WS 1-\,m L a*Sq 87B5>P56MD

Ëš %H 59

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Ë› & Ëš E

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5:

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5:5

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5:7

˚ ˙ ˝ ˝˙ & ˙˚

b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m \-d Z`*,SW\an Z*j1 ]\VW\Z1ZS1H

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5:

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)• ˚ & E ˚ ˙

5:9

]\/\+Z\1D L `\hSb*yb1 af\/ 6>B8E 9C a*W\Y 559B8P<C

a*Sq 86B<C 5 \*ZZ* 9B65DM 8

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& ˛˙ & ˝˙˚ H :

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\b 31 ,\]`\a 4*SZb1`1a\,*W S \/Z\-\ oeS\O ]*E 3S,j1-\ ,\ ,`1Y1Z* Sada* `Sab*D Z aV*4*WB w \b ,\/*E hb\ ]`1]qbab,d1b YZ1 V`1abSbnaqHx L˙1qO ZSq <B6:P7:MD \h1Yd \Z 4*f\b1W V`1abSbnaqH \-/* SWS]]E \/SZ S4 dh1ZSV\, Sada* `Sab*E \+lqaZSW 1YdE hb\ Sada +mW 1aaS1yE ob\ 4*b`\ZdW\ 1-\ a1`/O g1 S \Z 4*f\b1W V`1abSbnaqD 7

S+WSq qaZ\ -\,\`SbE hb\E 1aWS h1W\,1V f\h1b aWd3Sbn 1-\,1E \Z /\W31Z V`1abSbnaqD Sada `SO ab\a ]\,1W1W a,\SY dh1ZSV*YB w \ ,a1f Z*`\/*f ]\/O -\b*,WS,*yb1 dh1ZSV\,E V`1abq Sfx L *be1q 6<B5=MD *Y `Sab\a b\31 ]`SZqW V`1k1ZS1E ]`Sh1Y 1Yd Z1 ]`\ab\ ]\WSWS -\W\,d P \Z ]\WZ\abnp \VdZdWaq , ,\O /d L *be1q 7B5:MD *V S a1-\/ZqE f`SabS*Z1 ,\ ,`1Yq V`1k1ZSq /\W3Zm ]\WZ\abnp ]\-`d4Sbnaq , ,\/dD 8

`1k1ZS1 ]\V*4m,*1b SaV`1ZZ11 31W*ZS1 h1W\O ,1V* ab*bn /`d-\Y \-* S aWd3Sbn 1Yd L a*W\Y 8>B;E <MD b\ Zd3Z\ a/1W*bn ]1`1/ V`1k1ZS1YH

Ëš Ë™ % Ë› ) Ëš 9

`13/1 h1Y V`1abSbnaqE Z1\+f\/SY\ ]\WdhSbn 4Z*ZSq \+ 1-\,1 S \+ Sada1 `Sab1D ,m d31 ab*O WS ob\ /1W*bnE Z*h*, S4dh*bn S+WSpD L `\hSb*yb1 \*ZZ* 5;B7DM \ ob\ b\WnV\ ]1`,my j*- P S+WSq 6D \h1Yd \/SZ oeS\] 4*f\b1W V`1abSbnaqH 7D *M b\ Sada ]\,1W1W a,\SY dh1ZSV*YH +M *V /\W3Z\ ]`\f\/Sbn V`1k1ZS1H 8D b\ ]\V*4m,*1b V`1k1ZS1H 9D *M ËšaWS ,m f\bSb1 V`1abSbnaqE hb\ Zd3Z\ a/1W*bn , a*Y\Y Z*h*W1H +M \h1Yd ,*3Z\ ]\a1k*bn ,ab`1hS a\+`*ZSq ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mH


Ë› ) & ) Ëš & )H

5<;

]\+d3/*1b Sa]\WZSbnaq wb\hZmY 4Z*ZS1Yx \ ,\W1

1-\,m L \W\aaqZ*Y 5B=MD ob\Y ,*Y ]\Y\-db ,ab`1O hS a\+`*ZSq ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD \a1k*q Sf `1-dO Wq`Z\E ,m aY\31b1 `*4,Sbn +WS4VS1 \bZ\j1ZSq a \O -\Y LËš,`1qY 5>B68E 69MD :

\Z1hZ\E 1-\,* Z1 \3S/*1bE hb\ d31 /\ V`1O k1ZSq ,m +d/1b1 /\aV\Z*WnZ\ 4Z*bn S+WSpD Z Z1 \3S/*W ob\-\ S \b oeS\]*E V\b\`my 4*f\b1W V`1O abSbnaq L˙1qZSq <B7>E 75MD m +d/1Y d4Z*,*bn \ \O -1 ,ap ,1hZ\abn L'VVW14S*ab 7B55MD b\+m V`1abSbnO aqE /\ab*b\hZ\ 4Z*bn \aZ\,Zm1 +S+W1yaVS1 dh1ZSq S +mbn a ZSYS a\-W*aZmY L˚,`1qY 9B56MD ;

S+WSS aV*4*Z\B w 14 ,1`m d-\/Sbn \-d Z1,\4O Y\3Z\x L˚,`1qY 55B:MD \ob\Yd 1k1 /\ V`1k1ZSq h1W\,1Vd Zd3Z\ `*4,Sbn ,1`dD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 3Sb1WS /`1,Z1-\ \`SZe*E daWmj*, b\E h1Yd dhSWS ]\aW1/\,*b1WS Sada*E w]\,1`SWS S V`1abSWSanx L˙1qZSq 5<B<MD *V S ,mE ]\WdhS, 4Z*ZSq S4 S+WSSE ]\,1`SWS , \3nS \+1k*ZSq S ]`S4Z*O WSE hb\ 31`b,* Sada* a]\a\+Z* S4+*,Sbn \b -`1f* S aY1`bS L Sada *,SZ 67B58C ˙1qZSq 8B56C 6 SY\e1p 7B5:E 5;MD

˛% • ˚ ˚ ˙

\ Y1`1 b\-\ V*V ,m +d/1b1 ]\Wdh*bn ,a1 Z\,m1 +S+W1yaVS1 4Z*ZSq S ,S/1bnE V*V \ZS ]\Y\-*O pb ,*Y , 3S4ZSE ,*j* ,1`* +d/1b ab*Z\,Sbnaq V`1]O h1D V\`11 ,a1-\E d ,*a ]\q,Sbaq 31W*ZS1 `*aaV*4*bn <

:D *aV\WnV\ f\`\j\ Zd3Z\ 4Z*bn S+WSpE /\ b\-\ V*V V`1abSbnaqH ;D *V 4Z*ZSq S4 S+WSS ]\,WSqWS Z* ,*aH <D b\ ]\+d/Sb ,*a `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY \ b\YE hb\ ,m d4Z*1b1H


5<<

Ëš )H

\ b\YE hb\ ,m d4Z*WSE 1k1 V\YdOb\ L 1`1YSq 6>B=C 6 \`SZeqZ*Y 8B57MD =

\4Y\3Z\E ,m 4*f\bSb1 ]\/1WSbnaq Z\,mYS 4Z*O ZSqYS a a1Yn1yE /`d4nqYSE a\a1/qYS SWS a\b`d/ZSO V*YSD b*`*yb1an /1W*bn ob\ b*VbShZ\E a b1]W\b\y S ,ZSY*ZS1YD \ ,`1Y1Z1Y ,m aY\31b1 Z*h*bn ]`\]\O ,1/\,*bn ,Y1ab1 a a\+`*ZS1YD \-/* d ,*a ]\q,Sbaq b*V\1 31W*ZS1E aV*3Sb1 \+ ob\Y b\YdE Vb\ S4dh*1b a ,*YS S+WSpD ËšaWS \Z ahSb*1bE hb\ ,m -\b\,mE S 1aO WS ,m d31 ab*WS 3Sbn ]\ +S+W1yaVSY ]`SZgS]*YE \Z ,Y1ab1 a ,*YS /\-\,\`Sbaq \ ,ab`1h1 a /,dYq ab*`1yO jSZ*YS a\+`*ZSqD 5>

b*`1yjSZm ]`\,1/db a ,*YS a\+1a1/\,*ZS1E hb\+m d+1/SbnaqE hb\ ,m ]\ZSY*1b1 \aZ\,Zm1 +S+O W1yaVS1 dh1ZSqE ,1`Sb1 , ZSfE 3S,1b1 , a\-W*aSS a ZSYS S /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ f\bSb1 ab*bn ,S/1b1W1Y 1O -\,mD 1 ab\Sb +\qbnaq ob\-\ a\+1a1/\,*ZSqE ]\b\O Yd hb\ ab*`1yjSZm a +\Wnj\y 4*+\b\y \bZ\aqbaq V hW1Z*Y a\+`*ZSq L˙1qZSq 6>B6<C 5 1b`* 9B6E 7MD \aW1 ob\y ,ab`1hS ab*`1yjSZm aV*3db ,*YE Y\31b1 WS ,m b1]1`n ]`\]\,1/\,*bn ,Y1ab1 a a\+`*ZS1YD 55

\4Y\3Z\E ab*`1yjSZm aV*3dbE hb\E ]`13/1 h1Y Z*h*bn ]`\]\,1/\,*bnE ,*Y Zd3Z\ 1k1 V\1Ohb\ S4Y1O ZSbn , a,\1y 3S4ZSD \h1Yd ob\ ,*3Z\ a/1W*bnH \-O /* Ym `*aaV*4m,*1Y /`d-SY \ \-1E Ym ,mabd]*1Y , `\WS 1-\ ]`1/ab*,Sb1W1yE S ]\ob\Yd Z*Y Zd3Z\ ,1O =E 5>D *M V1Y Y\3Z\ /1WSbnaq 4Z*ZSqYSE V\b\`m1 ,m ]\WdhSWSH +M b\ Zd3Z\ a/1W*bnE hb\+m Z*h*bn ]`\]\,1/\,*bn ,Y1ab1 a a\+`*O ZS1YH 55D \h1YdE ]`13/1 h1Y Z*h*bn ]`\]\,1/\,*bn a a\+`*ZS1YE ,*3Z\ a/1W*bn Z1\+f\/SYm1 S4Y1Z1ZSq , a,\1y 3S4ZSH


Ë› ) & ) Ëš & )H

5<=

abS 3S4ZnE /\ab\yZdp aWd3Sb1Wq \-* L5 \`SZeqO Z*Y :B=E 5>C *W*b*Y 9B5=P65MD

) ˚ #˚ ˚ ˙\ V`1k1ZSq Zd3Z\ a/1W*bn 1k1 \/SZ ,*3Zmy j*-D ]\ab\W 1b` aV*4*WB w *aV*yb1an S \+`*bSO b1anE hb\+m S4-W*/SWSan ,*jS -`1fSx L˙1qZSq 7B5=MD b\ b*V\1 `*aV*qZS1H 'b\ SaV`1ZZ11 a\3*W1ZS1 \ Z1]`*,SWnZmf ]\abd]V*fE a\,1`j1ZZmf , ]`\jW\YD *]`SY1`E `*aV*qZS1 Z1\+f\/SY\E 1aWS ,m ,1WS +14O Z`*,ab,1ZZmy \+`*4 3S4ZSD *aV*qbnaq Zd3Z\ /*31 b1YE Vb\ ,ap 3S4Zn ab*`*Waq ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\E ,1/n ,a1 Wp/S -`1jZm1 S Zd3/*pbaq , \3n1Y ]`\O k1ZSS L SYWqZ*Y 7B67C 9B56MD 56

57

Ë™\ab*b\hZ\ WS ]`\ab\ a\3*W1bn \ b\YE hb\ Ym ]\abd]*WS Z1]`*,SWnZ\H 1bD ]\ab\W 1b` aV*O 4*WE hb\ Zd3Z\ 1k1 S \+`*bSbnaqE b\ 1abn ]1`1O ab*bn ,1abS ]`13ZSyE Z1]`*,SWnZmyE \+`*4 3S4ZS S Z*h*bn 3Sbn ]\OZ\,\YdD ]`SY1`dE ]`1/ab*,nb1E hb\ ,m ,]1`,m1 \b]`*,SWSan , V*V\yOb\ -\`\/D \]`1O /1W1ZZmy Y\Y1Zb ,m ]\ZSY*1b1E hb\ 1/1b1 Z1 , b\Y Z*]`*,W1ZSSD b\ ,m a/1W*1b1H \Z1hZ\ 31E a+*O ,Sb1 aV\`\abn S \ab*Z\,Sb1anE * 4*b1Y `*4,1`Z1b1an L/`d-SYS aW\,*YSE \+`*bSb1anM S Z*hZ1b1 /,S-*bnO aq , ]`*,SWnZ\Y Z*]`*,W1ZSSD \/\+ZmY \+`*4\YE S4dh*q S+WSpE ,m Y\31b1 4*Y1bSbnE hb\ ,*Y Zd3Z\ hb\Ob\ ]\Y1Zqbn , a,\1y 3S4ZSD d/1b1 WS ,m -\b\,m a/1W*bn ob\ P \+`*4Z\ -\,\`q w\+`*bSbnaqx P S Z*O h*bn ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\H 56D \h1Yd `*aV*qbnaq Z1\+f\/SY\ ,a1Y Wp/qYH 57D b\ \4Z*h*1b w\+`*bSbnaqxH


5=>

Ëš )H

)#Ëš Ëš Ëšk1 \/SZ ,*3Zmy j*-E V\b\`my Z1\+f\/SY\ a/1O W*bn ]1`1/ V`1k1ZS1YEP ob\ ]\a,qbSbnaq 1-\,1D

\a,qk1ZS1 P ob\ \a\+1ZZ*q Y\WSb,*E , V\b\`\y Ym \+1k*1Y 1-\,1E hb\ +d/1Y ]\VW\Zqbnaq b\WnV\ 1Yd S ahSb*bn Sa]\WZ1ZS1 1-\ ,\WS a*YmY ,*3ZmY , a,\O 1y 3S4ZS L b\`\4*V\ZS1 :B59MD 58

59

+1k*ZS1 aWd3Sbn b\WnV\ 1-\,1 Y\3Z\ a`*,O ZSbn a \+1k*ZS1Y ]`\3Sbn ,ap 3S4Zn a \/ZSY h1W\O ,1V\YD *aaY\b`SY ob\ Z* ]`SY1`1D \W\/\y h1W\,1V Z*hSZ*1b df*3S,*bn 4* /1,djV\yD Z d4Z*1b 11 ,a1 Wdhj1 S Wdhj1E S a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y ]\ZSY*1bE hb\ ]\WpO +SW 11E S f\h1b Z* Z1y 31ZSbnaqD f\bq \Z ]\ZSY*1bE hb\ ob\ \h1Zn a1`n14Z\1 S \b,1bab,1ZZ\1 `1j1ZS1E \Z -\b\, a/1W*bn ob\E ]\b\Yd hb\ Wp+Sb 11D 5: ˛Z*V\Yqan a 1-\,\y ,a1 Wdhj1 S Wdhj1E ,m a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y ]\yY1b1E hb\ Wp+Sb1 1-\ S f\bSb1 aWdO 3Sbn 1Yd \b ,a1y /djSD ,*a ]\q,Sbaq 31W*ZS1 ]\O \+1k*bn \-d , Y\WSb,1E hb\ ,m +d/1b1 aWd3Sbn 1YdD S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Wp+\yE Vb\ f\h1b aW1/\,*bn 4* Sada\YE /\W31Z \b`1hnaq \b a1+q L *`V* <B78MD b\ ob\ 4Z*hSbH 'b\ 4Z*hSb ,\ ,a1Y aWdj*bnaq \-*E ,1/n Sa]\WZ1ZS1 1-\ ,\WS ,*3Z11 Z*jSf WShZmf 31O W*ZSy S g1W1yD L `\hSb*yb1 5 1b`* 8B6DM

˚ • ˚ & ˚ ˚

5;

b\Ob\E ,\4Y\3Z\E Z1 ]\a,qk*1baq 1-\,1E ]\O b\Yd hb\ +\SbaqE hb\ Z1 aY\31b a/1`3*bn \+1k*O 58D b\ \4Z*h*1b ]\a,qbSbnaq \-dH 59E 5:D b\ Y\31b ]\+d/Sbn h1W\,1V* ]\a,qbSbnaq \-dH 5;D \h1Yd Z1V\b\`m1 Z1 ]\a,qk*pbaq 1-\,1H


Ë› ) & ) Ëš & )H

5=5

ZS1 aWd3Sbn 1YdD *V\y h1W\,1V Z1 f\h1b `*4\h*`\O ,m,*bn 1-\,dD Vb\Ob\ /dY*1bE hb\E 1aWS Z1 ]\a,qO k*bnaq \-dE b\ Z1 Z*/\ +d/1b \b,1h*bn 4* a,\S ]\O abd]VSD 5<

p+\,n V 1-\,1 ]\Y\31b ,*Y ]`1\/\W1bn ab`*f ]1`1/ \b,1bab,1ZZ\abnpD ËšaWS ,m Wp+Sb1 1-\E ,m +dO /1b1 /1W*bn ,a1 ,\4Y\3Z\1E hb\+m a/1`3*bn a,\1 \+1k*ZS1 L'VVW14S*ab 9B8C \W\aaqZ*Y 5B5>MD m Z1 +dO /1b1 /dY*bnE hb\ Sa]\WZqbn ,\Wp \-* aWSjV\Y b`d/Z\D ]\ab\W \*ZZ Z*]Sa*WB w p+\,n V \-d 4*VWph*1baq , b\YE hb\+m Ym a\+Wp/*WS 1-\ 4*]\O ,1/SE S 1-\ 4*]\,1/S Z1 \+`1Y1ZSb1WnZmx L5 \*ZZ* 9B7MD 5=

1-\,* Z1 \3S/*1bE hb\ b1E Vb\ 4*f\h1b 1Yd ]\O a,qbSbnaqE +d/db +14d]`1hZmYSD Z Z1 3/1b \b Z*a +\Wnj1E h1Y Ym Y\31Y /*bn L a*W\Y 5>7B58MD Z \+1O k*1bE hb\ +d/1b ]\Y\-*bn Z*Y ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\ L a*Sq 85B5>MD S+WSq ]`S4m,*1bB w \W*-*yaq Z* 1O -\,d ,a1Y a,\SY a1`/g1YDDD DDD \Z a/1W*1b b,\S ]dbS ]`qYmYSx L `SbhS 7B9E :MD

Ëš#Ëš Ëš 6>

ËšaWS ,m d31 ]\a,qbSWSan 1-\,1E 4Z*hSbE ,m -\O b\,m V aW1/dpk1Yd j*-d P V`1k1ZSpD 65

\\+kSb1 V\\`/SZ*b\`d a\,1b* ab*`1yjSZ a,\O 1-\ a\+`*ZSqE hb\ ,m ]\a,qbSWSan 1-\,1 S f\bSb1 5<D b\ ]\Y\31b ,*Y ]`1\/\W1bn ab`*f ]1`1/ \b,1bab,1ZZ\abnpH 5=D \h1Yd Z1 ab\Sb +\qbnaq ]\a,qk*bnaq 1-\,1H 6>D b\ Zd3Z\ a/1W*bn ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V ,m ]\a,qbSWSan 1-\,1H 65E 66D *V ,m Y\31b1 ]d+WShZ\ 4*q,Sbn \ a,\1Y 31W*ZSS aWd3Sbn \-dH


`13/1 h1Y V`1abSbnaqE Zd3Z\ ]\WdhSbn 4Z*ZSq S4 S+WSS

1`*E V\b\`*q d ,*a ]\q,SbaqE ]\+d/Sb ,*a /1WSbnaq +S+W1yaV\y SabSZ\y a /`d-SYS

V`1abSbnaqD Z ]\]`\aSb V\-\Ob\ S4 ab*O `1yjSZ \+ad/Sbn a ,*YS \aZ\,Zm1 +S+O W1yaVS1 dh1ZSqD ˚aWS \ZS d,S/qbE hb\ ,m -\b\,mE \ZS ]`1/W\3*b ,*Y V`1abSbnO aq Z* \/Z\Y S4 +WS3*yjSf V\Z-`1aO a\, ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,mD * V\Z-`1aa1 ]`\4,dhSb `1hnE , V\b\`\y +d/1b \+lqaO Z1Z\ 4Z*h1ZS1 V`1k1ZSqD ˛*b1Y /\VW*/O


Ë› ) & ) Ëš & )H

5=7

hSV ]`1/W\3Sb 31W*pkSY V`1abSbnaq \b,1bSbn Z* /,* ]`\abmf ,\]`\a*D b,1bS, w/*xE ,m ]d+WShZ\ 4*q,Sb1 \ a,\1Y 31W*ZSS aWd3Sbn \-d L SYWqZ*Y 5>B5>MD

\\+1k*WS WS ,m 1-\,1 ab*bn 1-\ aWd3Sb1W1YH

*j1 V`1k1ZS1 ]\V*31bE hb\ ,m f\bSb1 Sa]\WZqbn ,\Wp \-*


5=8

Ëš )H

66

1]1`n ,m +d/1b1 -\b\,m ]`SZqbn V`1k1ZS1D *a ]\WZ\abnp \VdZdb , ,\/dD `1k1ZS1 ]\V*31b ,a1YE hb\ ,m ]\a,qbSWSan 1-\,1 \-d S ab*Z\,Sb1an ,SO /1b1W1Y 1-\,mD

Ë› Ëš Ëš#Ëš Ëš 67

Sada aV*4*WE hb\ 1-\ dh1ZSVS /\W3Zm V`1O abSbnaq w,\ SYq bg*E mZ* S a,qb\-\ /df*xD L `\hSO b*yb1 *be1q 6<B5=DM 'b\ \4Z*h*1bE hb\ Ym ]`S4Z*1Y ]\W\31ZS1 1-\,mE ]\ZSY*1Y `\Wn Sada* `Sab* , 4*YmaW1 \-* S \a\4Z*1YE hb\ /Wq Sa]\WZ1ZSq a,\O 1y ,\WS 1-\,* Sa]\Wn4d1b a,qb\y /df L a*W\Y <7B5<C *be1q 6<B5<C *W*b*Y 9B66E 67C 6 1b`* 5B65MD 68

`1k1ZS1 SY11b aSY,\WSh1aV\1 4Z*h1ZS1B ]\O -`d3*qan , ,\/dE ,m V*V +d/b\ dYS`*1b1 /Wq ]`13Z1O -\ \+`*4* 3S4ZSE * ,mf\/q S4 ,\/m P Z*hSZ*1b1 Z\O ,dp 3S4Zn V*V aWd3Sb1Wn \-*D \YZSb1E hb\ ,m ]\O a,qk*1b1an Z1 V*V\YdOb\ h1W\,1VdE \`-*ZS4*gSS SWS /1WdD m ]\a,qk*1b1 a,\p 3S4Zn 1-\,1D 69

\a,qk1ZS1 S V`1k1ZS1E Z1a\YZ1ZZ\E dV`1]qb ,*jd /`d3+d a 1-\,\y L a*W\Y 69B58MD \ ob\ Z1 \4Z*h*1bE hb\E V`1abS,jSanE ,m *,b\Y*bSh1aVS ]\WdO hSb1 a]*a1ZS1D ]\ab\W *,1W aV*4*WB w \ ab`*f\Y S b`1]1b\YDDD /\+S,*yb1an a,\1-\ a]*a1ZSqx L SWS]O ]Syg*Y 6B56MD \YZSb1E hb\ V`1k1ZS1 P ob\ b\WnV\ Z*h*W\D b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m Z1 ]\b1`qbn g1ZO Zm1 \bZ\j1ZSq a 1-\,\yH 'b\b ,\]`\a Ym \+ad/SY , ]\aW1/Z1y -W*,1D 67D b\ \4Z*h*1b V`1abSbnaq w,\ SYq bg*E mZ* S a,qb\-\ /df*xH 68E 69D *M b\ aSY,\WS4S`d1b V`1k1ZS1H +M h1Y +d/1b -\,\`Sbnaq , ]\aW1/Z1y -W*,1H


˝ ˚ & )H w \b ,\/*E hb\ ]`1]qbab,d1b YZ1 V`1abSbnaqHx L˙1qZSq <B7:MD

\h1Yd Zd3Z\ V`1abSbnaqH

*V /\W3Z\ ]`\f\/Sbn V`1k1ZS1H

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*be1q 7B5: `S V`1k1ZSS Z1\+f\/SY\ ]\WZ\abnp \VdZdbnaq , ,\/dB b*V 31E V*V ob\ a/1W*W SadaD

˚ ˚ ˝˙˚ " w p+\,n V \-d 4*VWph*1baq , b\YE hb\+m Ym a\+Wp/*WS 1-\ 4*]\,1/SE S 1-\ 4*]\,1/S Z1 \+`1Y1ZSb1WnZmx L5 \*ZZ* 9B7MD

\h1Yd Z1 Zd3Z\ +\qbnaq ]\a,qbSbnaq 1-\,1H a*W\Y 5>7B58C a*Sq 85B5> 1-\,* Z1 ahSb*1bE hb\E ]`13/1 h1Y ]\a,qbSbnaq 1YdE ,m /\W3Zm ab*bn +14d]`1hZmO YSD Z +d/1b ]\Y\-*bn ,*Y ]\O abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D

\W\aaqZ*Y 5B5> p+\,n V 1-\,1 ]\Y\31b ,*Y Z1 +\qbnaq b\-\E hb\ ,m `*4\h*`d1b1 \-*D


5=:

˝ ˙˚ & ˚ ˚˙ ˚#˚ ˚ H w Sa]\WZ1ZSS b,\1y ,\WSE \ Y\y \-E q Z*f\3d `*/\abnE S b,\y 4*V\Z d Y1Zq ,\ ,Zdb`1ZZ\abqfx L a*W\Y 8>B<MD

b\ Zd3Z\E hb\+m ]\a,qbSbnaq 1-\,1H

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Ëš & ( & 8

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˚ ˚ ˚ ˙ ˝ ˚ •

5==

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˚ )• ˚ ˙ ˝ ˚ • 5>

\YZSb1 WS ,mE V*V Z*h*W*an ,*j* /`d3+* a

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6>>

Ëš )H

56

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˚ ˚ ˚ ˙ ˝ ˚ •

6>5

58

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˛% • ˚ ˚ ˚ ˙ 59

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6>6

Ëš )H

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˚ ˚ ˚ ˙ ˝ ˚ •

6>7

bn1, S a1ab1` S4 a\+`*ZSq S ab*`*yb1an Z1 4*Y1h*bn Sf Z1/\ab*bVSD \-/* ,*Y +d/1b W1-h1 Sf Wp+Sbn S ,m ab*Z1b1 +WS31 V 1-\,1D

) ˝ ˛ & 6>

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6>8

Ëš )H

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Ëš (

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( Ëš Ëš w p+S b,\1-\ \-* 1-\,d ,a1Y a1`/g1YE ,a1y /dj\y S ,a1Y `*4dY\Yx L *be1q 66B7;MD

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5 \*ZZ* 9B7 Wdj*bnaq \3nSf 4*]\,1/1yD

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5 SY\e1p :B5< ˙1W*bn /\+`\D


6>:

˚ )• ˚ ( &

Ëš Ëš w \f`*Zqyb1 a1+q , \3n1y Wp+,Sx L d/m 65MD

b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m Z1 ]\b1`qbn /`d3+d a 1-\,\yH 5 1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y 9B5;

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*be1q 6<B5=E 6>C 6 SY\e1p 8B6 `S Wp+\y ,\4Y\3Z\abS `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY \ *`ab,1 \-*D

Ëš,`1qY 5>B68E 69 1-dWq`Z\ ]\a1k*bn ,ab`1hS a\+`*ZSqD `*bnq S a1ab`m ]\Y\-db ,*Y ]`S+WS3*bnaq V 1-\,1D


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