Lc a

Page 1

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

H ™´ ˝ Œ˙ nl˜ / 78 Ÿ QV ) Œp ˜ l ™´ Ÿ ¼ 4gd —o oh a78 — d Š Ÿ — & “š ˚go ¬ ” o\ ´ ` BCD • c kd ˙ QV oŒp 0[˙ œ Ÿ ˜ DW\ %p —\™Œ ™& $ p # gŒp kp E ™ ™ ˛ ™ —o - • ”p k* —d k˙ – p ˜ E T &78 D—” » ™ ` — ¤ ™)\ ´ ´ DW\2 [ Œp W\Ÿ p QV • W\˙ S&˜ Ÿ

# p ˘l \ ¡ ˘ Ÿ » jo[od D‹” ˜ j‘ 78 ¿ÀÁ m Ÿ jŸ Ÿ W\˙ —& kp ’ • ™ ˜˜ ¼ ¢ Œo[p ¢

78 ‘!˜ ‹ g˝ Œ˙ j kp E# gŒp kp Š ˝˜ BCD ˙ ™´ ˝

© ˜ Dfo p ‘ – p ˜ g [Ÿ 78 QV p W\& Œ Œp QV ˘ [Œp

m™ ‹” o£& \ i 78˜ ˝ jp b l m¢ % ˝ gd E p ˜ ˚ l Dfo p ˜ ™S p

Cover: Beach and reef: ˘ Di gital Vision Ltd/a ge fotostock

H—& kp ’ • a ”p

¼ ˜ Ÿ QV p ˜ QV ) Œp ¢

˙ ¢ "” &78 —& kp ’ • -gp $ p ´ »

kc p ¿ÀÁ j » ˝ n ‘ d E$k[p ¿ÀÁ DBCD ˙ ŒŸ78 Š \ # gŒp kp —Ÿ ˜ 2™˝ ”d Dj˝ g [ ” o\ ˘˝ p $&78 “š ´ g ‹» ”Ÿ ‹® p 1Ÿ ! ˘˝˜ D ” d ˚o ˝ jp f˘%Ÿ ‹p Œ˙ p fo p \ ´ D– p – )‘ m™ “˙ ™´ ˝ — h - “š ™kk)Ÿ˜ l fp ™ ˜ ™c Ÿ QV p ‹\ " e » -˝ n”d ‹ p [˝ —Ÿ H g kp • “p™gŸ , c & j‘ Š E# gŒp kp

´ Š —& gŒp c&78 “š – S%Œp jo˝ B ”˙ ™´ ˝˜ j gı ” p™˝ n• %˝ f¤ g p ¿ÀÁ – W‘ go˝ 78 ‹® p L5B55 W\ ‘ ˘\M H ™S p – \ ”˙ • Ÿ p

Hj%c ˙ ˚‘ ™ p ,o %˝˜

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

2

Ÿ ™ Ĺ’p 8 — c-p

– p ˙ 0˙ p l™kp

55 — c-p HY 78 –¢ Ë™ Ĺ’ÂŽ p

W\Ë™ P ™S p nT ˘p Ëœ f p

5< — c-p

—Ÿ Ëœ Ëœ ‚o[§ p QV™k p c&

68 — c-p

6= — c-p H“˙ ™´ Ë? ‚ â€?Ÿ n•

Z Ĺ’p

7> — c-p

5 2010 WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA

Hfo p ‘ – p n• Ëœ * p WATCHTOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF NEW YORK, INC. Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A. ´ ´ ´ “ Editions les Temoins de Jehovah de France â€? (ass. 1901), 11, rue de Seine, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt.

6>58 L Ë˜Ĺ’dâ„˘â€˜M ‘ p Ÿ )Ë? —[˘T EZ ˘op —-- ` —\â„˘Ë˜SĹ’p ’ • ) p Ĺ’p \ nĹ’\ T d Ÿ • . Š Ëœ D— \™Sp ˘â€?p â€œĹ’\ Ë? # gĹ’p kp —d gÄą Âź # gĹ’p kp • Ÿ78 & ˘ h 78 Š E Ÿ p ‚p [p °â€”Ĺ’ Ë? P Djp R ` ĂŽĂ‹ * Was Life Created? Arabic LlcOAM Made in Britain by Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Britain (Registered in England as a Charity)

‘ SŸ Ë™ â€œĹĄ Z .ÂŹ

– p ˙ 0˙ p l™kp

p —gd™Œp wa -p x —o%o& “‘ ‹\"Ÿ¬ 78™p / 78 ¿ÀÁ – p ™˝ n %Ÿ Bwa -p x ’ • 0[˙ j p DQV )[p gp ¡ ol ‹”cŸ¬ ˜ ” 0[˘p b) kŸ¬ ‹p

E • ™ 9: E • \ 9:1d E %Œ)p Š W p ˜ —‘ ˘· p – “š / 78 Zh™ ˛ “\™‘ Ÿ cp • Œh˜ E ”‘ ˜ —\ & ´ / 9:p W\ h ˜ W\\ —˙ Œ˙ Œ• op œ™ p a9:_p ˜ % S _Œp ng p ˛ » “• ˜ l™kp ¢ ™• bW ˝˜ » ˝ p — [ ˘Sp ' ˜ p ˛ ´ » ´ ¢ Œ\ a . ‘ • / 78 Ÿ " n•v Bj%c‘ m & E– ¿ÀÁ 9:l Z 2 ™Œp ’ • n ˝ Œ d DuHa • ‹ Œ-˝ Š 8

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

4

N A S A/JP L/ Caltech )

kŒŸ n1d Zh™ n• H– p ‹\ ˝ l / 78 “o_)˝ — p -p —gS Œp x ’ • œ™ ˝˜ D– Œp "l \ —˘& Œp " l p E¢ Œo[p •™\ Ÿ Œl Ew k%op ’ • ˚‘ l ™od D– p ‹\ p — !9:p — ¤ Œ kp . [p

¼ ™p˜ E . [p ’ • ( p 78 • Œ [˙ —gS Œp

Ÿ "˝ \ ‹ ‘ Ÿ * S p 2 » [ p h ˚‘ l • `˜ (™Œp ˘%˝ nŒ Ÿ¬ p ( \ [*7© 8

n1d78 g[p “š ( [‘ ‘x E g D—Ÿ ™´ Œp n ™[p

j c Ÿ & —o “š Ÿ Œ˘% Ewe9:T78 ¿ÀÁ 5D kŸ “ d Zg˝ œ p wY )p x B %‘78 wY )p x wn1d78 x ™• E %Œ)p W‘ “š •

œ E/ 78

p ™ $Œ)p \ [˘Ÿ œ p

Œp ”d D 1Ÿ

— p . – ˜ —gS O0 ZgŸ ™o l ™ o 59> Œl De ˝ 78˜ / 78 Œ ˝ 78 ˇ ˙ k%op [˘p ¿ÀÁ — %p m ™T g˘Ÿ œ ¤ p “˘* / 78 % D$Œ)p ˘Ÿ g˝ “%c‘ w—h Sp p™˝ —S x $Œ)p » [˝¬ Ejp ¿ÀÁ –˜9:\ Y Sg‘ ˜ ˇ» ˘˝ •˜ ‹¤9: ”Œ d D— p [d l78

¡\ ˝¬ \ 9:d D—h Sp — -p — Œkp

6 Dw—Ÿ _op " Œ Œ ‘x ´ ´ ¬ / 9:p p i ˝ ™p B/ 9:p w x 5

– p ˙ 0˙ p l™kp

p Œp / 78 w ™ \x

´ i o˙ ‹& l ˝ h Ej‘ ™ \ \ m %˝¬ W\ n ˘& ¿ÀÁ˜ D“ d Sg˝ œ p Y )p ˜ j Ÿ ˜ ™• / 78 “ d ™˝ œ p w o˘p x ng p E—‘ gŒp

%Œ)p Š W p • w— Ÿ Œp x ˜ E—‘ ˘· p – wY )p x ˜ P ”p —[˙ p l ™kp ˜ $Œ)p œ P Š g p n1c˙˜ D %Œ)p Š W p “š / 78

™• ° – -˙ ¢ Œo[p m ‘ E¢ Ÿ" cp ˜ jocp Š™o\ “š ! œ p

“o_)˝ œ p " ŒŒp Zh™Œp • Ÿ " ‹”d “š – d ‘ D %cp ‘™l “š / 78

” d ™˝ p w— Ÿ Œp x Zg˝ E¢ ˙ œ ´ ˙ — p —gS “š E %Œ)p Š W p œ E/ 78

Š!9:p [˙ ˜ h ˚% p —‘ ˘· p –

9

M a g n et o s p h e r e : N A S A / S t e e l e H i l l ; e a r t h t i l t : B a s e d o n N A S A / V i s i b l e E a r t h i m a g e r y

» ´ / 9:p —Ÿ Œ p d™Ÿ \ ( \ [*78 “ d k˝ T Œp ˙ a™c ‹p \ ¢ 1cp

» ˘l™l 78 D Œ¤ S nk)˝ p i! p ˜ — ŒŒp

˜ • %cp w—Ÿ p ng x “š %Ÿ e !78

´ / 78 $˘o˝ Hjp b l˜ D l ˝¬

2 ˙ -Ÿ¬ Ÿ™h % S _ 9:g B—Ÿ Œ p ˙ ”‘ » ŒŸ W\o• W\\ D ”p .™- ‹O» P¬ Ÿ™ d9:`˜ \ —Ÿ l ™• / 78 » p B % S _Œp ng p » ˘l™kp d™˝ ”- Œp Ÿ p

˜ p —Œ¤ – l D¢ 1cp “š [˙ ŒŸ Ÿ™h˜ Œ 2 % S _ 9:g ( \ [*78 – gŸ Y —˙ Œ˙ ™• ng p •˜ nŒ Ÿ¬ p $Œ)p — [˘ Œp ™gp ˜ — ‘™kp

n & •˜ E— %Œ)p ; Ÿ p Bn E(™Œp p ˘%˝ ”op C—h Sp ˙ —‘™ )Œp ( Œ % p n. ™ —h Sp m [˝ —h T f¤ h m9: ˇ[˘˝ p — %Œ)p

(

c‘78 ˜ C— ˜ ”p n˙ gp W\Ÿ9:˙ \ —Œ p

ÎË foS˝ p En ol78 “š œ Eœ™o[p $Œ)p ™ “š ˝ j‘ k © ˙˜ D– Œp T78 W\Ÿ9:˙ ¢ 1cp

´ p —Ÿ Œ p ˙ i l ˝ — [ ˘T • ™X j \ Š ˙ — %Œ)p ”op d D % S _Œp / 78 ng ” ™´ Ÿ

:

Œ˘d D Œgp % ( ˜ Œp E ”p w

x g ˝

˘l » [Ÿ¬ ™”d E ˘Ÿ g˝ / 78 Sh Z˙ !˜ Ÿ ’ Sh

W‘ “š 78 Œh78 ˙ ™h ” p —˘%‘ jp ˜ ˘Ÿ Ha -p & • n”d D %Œ)p

D [˙ 78 Œ

» p " p ˜ Œp —l p % ¤ p ˘%Œp ™• Œgp d ´ “š 1Ÿ ‹• %Ÿ ™•˜ D ˘l™l —£ ˙ “š • ı ˝ ı™´ ˝ Œgp ˜ ˘d D/ 78 ™ 9: — 4˘2 ‘ Ÿ E ˘[ p ! E/ 78 # h ¿ÀÁ n-· cŒp

¿ÀÁ ZgŸ h “‘ ¡ EL— ˜» p M n˘o˘p n ˘l™l ´ ( _˝ jp \ ¡˝ Ÿ kŒŸ˜ D“˘‘ ™

´ D • `˜ " p ˜ » Œp —l ˜ 3 Œp “š —Ÿ˜ & ˘%Ÿ B ”‘ ˜ —\ &˜ ”‘9: “š – Ÿ d h [˝ ˘Ÿ g˝ — 67F8 / 78 ™ 9: Œ%Ÿ˜ E–

p ( b So˝˜ Ÿ™ & m™-cp

D— Œp — " 78 – ˘l —\™Œ ™ ™˙ Œp P – Ÿ cp / 78 l l Ÿ ™kp “š – g[Œp – p ™ ˜ Ÿ 9: — ˜ ˘Ÿx BL—Ÿ" ok‘78 ˙M 7Dw Œ˝ —˘& ˘l™l ™

” p m™T jp ÎË b2

/ 78

˜ \ W\Œ p n op ˜ —\ & ˚‘ l ™od D Œ˝ & 1Ÿ ™• ´ e ˜ Š Ÿ78 ˚p Sp E k˙ S˙ ”‘

˜ ¼ (

™p˜ D 78 Œ ˝˜ $Œ)op “ ™Œp ‘ p

Z1˙ Œ˙ P Š Ÿ78 ( -gp E k˙ ˘l —\ %˙ ´ — ˝ \ Ÿ ZŸ %p ”‘

˜ ˛ 78˜ P 4gd ( \ & ´ D —Ÿ ™´ ( ı ˝˜

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

6

` % S _Œp ng p / 78 Œ Ÿ œ p ™W Œp

—Ÿ ˜ 1p —[*78 m™.˜ g [Ÿ 78 QV • / 78

œ™ p a9:_p ¡ D¢™1p ˜ –

p n E– op n op “š ˜ _Ÿ˜ ˘l™l m™ –

p ZŸ!™˝ “š ‹• %Ÿ D–

p ˘˝ ¡´ S˘Ÿ

ı % S _Œp ”og ˜ œ™ p / 78 a9:` E g • Ÿ c i ® ˝¬ ‹p p ‹ Œ- p Z¤ ˜ Œ• p (

˜ p “š 1Ÿ ( Œokp ’ • » -˝˜ Dn kp ˙ D l™kp • ¿ÀÁ – p ‹\ ˝

œ™ p a9:_p i! p gŸ

—d . • n• W\\ ˘l™l $˘oŸ H—Ÿ Œ p ˙ “‘ ŒŸ W\o•

fc)p /˜ \ ˛ § ˝¬ $Œ)p n ol “š (

c‘78 ˜ œ™ p a9:_p “š ˝¬ —‘™o ¢ ™2 •˜ Eb kp

DW\ » % S _Œp / 78 ˘® Sh gp ˙ œ™o[p

R —Rg˘Sp ’ • ‹\ ˝ 78 Bœ™ p a9:_p 1Ÿ ‘ Œ˝ n˙ E % d $c p — oŒ\ ( ! _p

Eœ™ p a9:_p — p —g˘Sp d D— d 2 —Ÿ Œ ˙ W\ %l78 m k* 9:k* œ™ ˝ E c&™˝ %p ´ —£Œp “š == ¡ , ŒŸ œ p ˜!˜78 ¡Œ%Ÿ¬

k•˜ D$Œ)p — [˘ Œp — %c ˘p e™d —[*78

´ kp \ —[*78 S ¢ “š ˜!˜78 —g˘T ‹• %˝ “š foS˝ p fp ™[p ˜ )˘p n E– p m k* D“ p ‘ œ p W\ %l78 ˘l78 ‹» kp ¢ ™”p

´ —d l Ÿ ! ˙ "˝ n˙ E— ˙ ı ˚% p ˜!˜78 — Œl˜ \ —g˘Sp ’ • n[ Ÿ E— %c ˘p e™d —[*78

D— p % b » k Ÿ 78 [» d l™l œ™ p a9:_p Vc Ÿ Ejp ÎË —d 278 ˙ – Œ” Œp Š % 78 W\Ÿ9:Œp ™ p n˙ ™p / 78

™ .˜ – _. ( Œ % W\˙ ;˜ ˝ p ¢ 1cp œ™ p a9:_p “š e ˝ Š % 78 ’ • — ˘p _d D– ˘l μ \® ` D ”)p ¡\ ˝¬ — •™ 78™Ÿ ˘-˝˜

A u r o r a : P h ot o : J a n C u r t i s ( h t t p : / / l a t i t u d e 6 4 p h ot o s . c o m ) ; m et e o r i t e : E S A , N A S A

p Œ)p ˘Sgp fc)p

– p ‹\ ˝ — [ ˘T ˜

¬ ( » &¬ ˜ [p ¢ Œp ˜ g p ¢ ™”p ” \ ZSh — Ÿ Œ˙ n» Ÿ (™Œp ˜ / Œp j* 78 H -p a -p ( ™ h ” d ™”d D ÎË — Ÿ Œp ’ • ˘l™l “˘)Ÿ D [Ÿ & ” p c " & “ p )Ÿ¬ 78 [p ¢ Œp ˜ g p ¢ ™”p fo_ l™l Ejp Z D<Ÿ

™. “š —oŒ p ÎË “˝9:1d ˇ[˘˝¬ 78˜ ¢ 1cp

H ˝¬ Ÿ » %p Œd D k%op — p .˜ —c W‘ / 78 ¡g˘˝ ™˙ kp ˜ ¢ Œp (

˜ n — [ ˘Sp (

˜ p “š ™ p ŒkŸ

™-p ˜ ; )p 0[˙ [ / [ % od DW\ ˜ p ˜ W\ %l78 ˜ D(

˜ p ’ • m™ — 1Ÿ78

™gŸ 9:d D– p -\ ™• ¢ Œp B¢ Œp – ˜

´ ¢ Œp – ˜ * ˜ DŠ Ÿ —[1˙ l “‘˜ ˙ ( [p ¿ÀÁ ˛9: p n Œp ˙ ˜ l™kp m™ c W‘˜ ˙ \ “\!» ™˝ n[c˙ œ™ p a9:_p ÎË Zc˝ Ÿ ˜ ¢ Œp ˘ Ÿ L5M B— p p ™» k d — g p ’ Œp ’ • b k ˝ L6M D$Œ)p – » ,o p ˜ ® ˘p ˜ SŒp • ˜ ˙ %p nk)˝ L7M D %p — [ ˘Sp – ˜ p ’ • jp ˙ ” d / 78 ¿ÀÁ 4h % ˝ p p ’ Œp — Œl ^o˘˝ ‹l˜ D Ÿ ˘ op –"• 3˘-˝˜ ' Ÿ g p % ˙ ckŸ H Ÿ ™ & – ˜ p ’ ”p Z1 ˝ E“%Ÿ 1˝ ˚Ÿ ™» & m “š E l™kp 3S& n l — S_ p 8D¢ Œp Œ & W\‘ Œı l ´ ˙

78 ‘ j* ˜ [˝ ˚‘ BW\ %l78 ˜ ™˙ kp ˝ ˜

W\ %l78 f) ‘ œ E$c ‘ ‹p – p h ¿ÀÁ ¡g˘‘ ¡- ˝¬ 78 W\Ÿ9:˙ Œ˙ kp˜ D ™˙ kp %l “¡ ı d"‘˜ ˙ ] cŸ 78 b kd E“ \ 78 ™o[cŸ ' ‘ ™ p ˜ )˘p %l “¡ ˙ 9:g 3˘-Ÿ ˜ W\ %l78 œ™ p d9:` Œd L5M DW\ %l78 – ˜ “š ™ p ŒkŸ H ™˙ kp Š %˝ E ¤™1p f o p ¡\ ˝¬ —o• — oŒ\ m9: ¢™2 —h Sp ˜ ’ d"‘ œ p ™˙ kp %l “¡ ı ' ˝ ˘ p W\ ˜ L6M DW\ %l78 ˜ ' •™˙ kp ‘7© 8 $Œ)p ˚d9:p ˜ D– ˜ p ’ • nŒk‘ EW\ %l78 ‘ f) ‘ œ Ÿ $c op 3p -p ¢ ™”p ˜ ' •™˙ kp ’ • ‘ D¢˜ ”p ˜ — p [cp ˜ —d W p ¡” Œ˙

<

6

7 5

W\ %l78

5

6

%l “¡ ı ™˙ kp

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

8

» —£Œp “š ;< W\ ˜ p nk)Ÿ œ™ p / 78 a9:` ' £Ÿ " p —Ÿ ™1[p

´

Ÿ k˘p

· W\ ˜ p ' ˘l

Ÿ k˘p

S t o c k b y t e / G et t y I m a g e s

D' ˝˜ ˘p n —Ÿ ™1\ ' £Ÿ " ‘ © ˙ 1Ÿ —T™ / 78 ¿ÀÁ – p BW\ ˜ p – ˜

´ » Dœ™ p d9:` —£Œp “š ;< p ™ nk)Ÿ œ p W\ ˜ p ! ` ' £Ÿ " p ’ • ‘ Š"o %Ÿ ˜ L M · n ˝¬ ‹ı L M D ”. - ' ˝ ˘ p ¿ÀÁ n”%Ÿ ' ˘l ÎË Ÿ k˘p ˜ e ˘p n[c˙ m™» Ÿ ! _p •˜ ´ · • n- ˝ E' ˝ ˘ p ' ‘ ™ p nl ˝ \ k•˜ D—Ÿ ™1\ ' £Ÿ " O0 ' ˘l Œp ’ • ' ˝ ˘ p » · – [ W\ ˜ p ' ˘l Ÿ k˘p no ˝ E' ‘ ™ p ˜ ' ˝ ˘ p '™Œ˝ W\ ˜ L M DW\ ˜ p ¿ÀÁ 1Ÿ D— [ ˘Sp “˝ ˜ jp ˙ ” d Eœ™ p a9:_p ˜ —˙ p ÎË ¤ Œ kp - [p •

Hjp™h ‹ Œ-˝ – Œı • / 78 Ÿ " [)˝ n• ˛ ´ f¤ g p œ d E‹[ ˙ ˚˘ Ha • ¼ Hj p —˘% p ˙ \ h l78 ™• c‘ – ™p / 78 n¤ gp ¢ \ 78 ¿ÀÁ » ˝ b l ˛ ¼ ¢ * œ n “o Eœ \ l™l H ™S p ’ ˜

9

– p ˙ 0˙ p l™kp

Y ˙78 “š —Ÿ ` Ÿ ˜ ˝ – \

» ‹•¢

˜ )˘p bo Ÿ E ™p™ k p Š g p nl ‹`

´ ` — %p ( Ÿ c p ‘ T ˜ ‘ T — & [˙ — & ”˝9:1d nl Ÿ˜ ˝ [˝ ”d / 78 D Ÿ˜ op —o˙ gp

D—h9: — ¤ Œ l ( oŒ\ — % Š ˝ g˝ © ˙ ´ ´ • Œ [˝ p Ÿ˜ p —ŒW‘ jŸ ˙ ( )‘ b kd ® ´ Š™o[p og “š ˝ l E“Ÿ ™l D DŠ l Ÿ H/ 78

0 Œ˙ g ™S˝ £ ˘p / 78 Š W‘ ™px BQV p ˜ f¤ cp ™ %Œp • ^o˘Ÿ m &78 —d -p

´ H“Ÿ

˝ kp • T )˝ n”d 9Dw £ ˘p Š %‘78

=

– p Ë™ ,Âť [Ÿ

l™l

p — p ¤ kp Y â„˘â€˜ \ a [Ÿ 78 % Ë™ Ëœ Ë? â€?d D/ 78 l™l â€? 1 Ÿ :DYâ„˘â€˜ ™ o —£ Ëœ W\â€˜â„˘ o W\Ë™ Ÿ g p n¤ â€?p ‚kp • Y™ Ë?Ëœ ) ‘  Ĺ’d H– p m k*

7F9M 4gd Ĺ ` —£ ËœÂŹ B/ 78 Y â„˘â€˜ 5>F>>> Ϫ Ë? —˙ p L' -‘˜ ' Ë™ Ëœ k Ĺ’p \ l ‘ Ëœ • ;E Ÿ k˘p ( [Ÿ Ÿ k˘p Y â„˘â€˜ 0[Ë™ ÂĄ D â€?ol 3S& Ëš Ë? ˘Ÿ gË? ' ™o l 7 fĹ’\ ¿Àà <I/ 78 ( d c p Ëœ ™ Sp \ 9:1d B¢ ™â€?p a9:_p ,Âť [Ÿ E¢ ™â€?p â€œĹĄ SË? p ' ) p Ëœ ¡ ’ `Ëœ ZoSp ˘`Ëœ Ëœ "˘p Ë™ 1Ÿ Ϫ p Âź ´ ' Ë™ Ëœ k Ĺ’p Y â„˘â€˜ a78 ĂŽĂ‹ —d 278 Ë™ E] ™˙78 —o l Ë? D“Ë? g˘T 0[Ë™ â€œĹĄ ) Ë? p Ÿ ™ Ÿ —˙ p Ëœ ¢ ™â€?p x B kŸ j c Ÿ & =Dw' Ë™ Ëœ k Ĺ’p ˘l \™ Ë? ¢ ™%Ë™ ¢ ™& "_p Ĺ \ nk)Ë™ ' S Ĺ’p m "Ë? 78 B’ Ĺ’p â€œĹĄ Ĺ "o %Ÿ â€?h Ĺ’\ a )k & ˇ 1 ` ¸ [)p ÂĄ D Ĺ’ p —W• Ë™ ' gË? p _p ˘%‘ â€? p m™.™p nâ€?%Ÿ p — ‘ Ĺ’p W\Ÿ9:Ĺ’Ë™ — ` â€? & â€œĹĄ [Ĺ’ p Ĺ“ Ÿ Ëœ D—dËœ [Ĺ’p ` Y â„˘â€˜78 pËœ – p m k* â€œĹĄ Z¤ p Y™ p • nâ€?d B \ )p ' Ĺ’ol ¿Àà ™ Âť Ÿ Ëœ l H—d -p —Œk Ë™ â€?ol I’™â€?Ÿ Ÿ jp Ĺ’\ – kp Ÿx Âź ™ " P 1Dwj ‘ / 78 —‘9: DËš[ . D68B5>8 D# gĹ’p kp â€œĹĄ - )p BCD ‚& ™• ’™â€?Ÿ 1 D5<B<7 ™ " P

B a c t e r i a : P e n n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , l a b o r a t o r y o f J e a n B r e n c h l ey , a n d w i t h k i n d p e r m i s s i o n f r o m S p r i n g e r S c i e n c e B u s i n e s s M e d i a : E x t r e m o p h i l e s , N ov e l u l t r a m i c r o b a c te r i a l i s o l a te s f r o m a d e e p G r e e n l a n d i c e c o r e r e p r e s e n t a p r o posed new species, Chryseoba cterium greenlandense sp. nov., Jan ua ry 2 010, J e n n i f e r L o v e l a n d - C u r t z e ; p o l l e n : 5 F ot o s e a r c h

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

10

( [Ë? Ÿ kË™ S& Ëš Ë? / 78

¡ ZoSp ˘`

¡ ÂŹ ˘p f g*

® HY 78 –¢ ˙ Œp

¿ÀÁ – 78 ' ™ %p “š ™& ”Œp ˜ ¢ Œo[p » k Ÿ » ‹”Œo[˝ o[d ˚ ˘. ˇ ˙ ' ‘ ™ p ˜ ' ˝ ˘ p —& “š ™ ˘Ÿ ‹”d L< E;B56 ™Ÿ M D¡ * &˜ ‹”Œ -˝ “š ”‘˜ ogŸ ˜ ' h™o Œp bo ,¤ - jo˝ ¢ W\% ˝ ˜ – Ÿ ' k ˙ — _˙ og p ‹o[˙ a [Ÿ¬ ng p •˜ E9:˘h – ™ ™Œp ´ ´ m %˝˜ — p p —o 78 “š n ˝ i™\ ‘ D ¤ 78 ’ • “š g n1cp ™[Ÿ ® ÎË v Bj%c‘ DuH‹ - p

11

55

» ´ ZSgp • `˜ —˙9:gp ( ¸ p nh \ ÎË

— 78 - d D¢ ™”p %‘ nŸ [ p — k ‘ k Œp

˘ ™•˜ Eê‘™p ™ m™gŸ D ” ‘ . n”¬ %˝˜ ‘ l

hx Ÿ gp n˘g %Œp “š “‘ Eœ™ p j ‘ k Œp “š " Œ ˝ p l ( ¢™ ‘ —ı c p ( ¤ Sp — nkp -Ÿ 55Dw¢ ˙ p p b‘ \! ”˙

# ™ p ® " – l og ˙ n.78 “š ( ¤ Sp — ˚ŒO» P¬ E [˘T 2 p ˚h™p “š W\& ”Œp » kp D ™ Sp —

¼ l ˝ D– Ÿ e d ÎË ¤ 78 og p ”˙ ™Œ%½ Ÿ® “š W\ ˘p x L—Ÿ" ok‘78 ˙M Ÿ p ‹p §[p —o [˙¬ \ —” · ™ – ¤ Sp p˜ ™Œ‘ ™ ˙ Ÿ ™od —[ Zc˝ ˝˜ 0» g ˝˜ E— l & Š™¸ ˝ # ™ p l – h 56Dw—\ %˙ —RoR• RŒp (

˜ Œp ’ • nl # ™ p œ ™´ Ÿ˜ ® m™g˝˜ Db kp ˜ fd Œp o-§ c ® \ “ ® ˙

56

p b‘ \! ‹o[ p (™ p ( ¤ Sp ™ŒŒ» - ‹o[ Ÿ kŒŸ 78 (™ p "Ÿ D˜ ˘Ÿ ¿ÀÁ kp H 78

— * !˜ m [Ÿ œ E T 7> ™ ‘ ™Œ p nŒ kŒp

“p˜ ÎË o. “Œ% Œl E ” p™Œ n k˙

• ` DW\ ˙ ” ˘* oŸ™T c \! “š “ h * ˙ —)• p Ÿ 56 “p™T ^p ˘p (™ p

D¢ Œp

» (™ p • – h ™• .™- W\ ˘p Œd ¤ ˜ — ˘%p ¢ ı

˜ p ¿ÀÁ “Œ% —˙9:. ‹`

nk* “š ŒkŸ %p ˜ ˜˜ D—Ÿ _op – _. —d p l ¢ %o ˚% p —c \"op — 78 —d p d D“ c \! b. ” d œ E— % n˙ E– ¤ Sp ; p — 78

D( Ÿ ® ¬ – Œ%Œp ( ¢™ p

RŸ"R˝ E¢ Œp “š —\ %˙ (™ p ˘%Ÿ Œ d˜ D %p –™h bc ˝˜ Zd p –™h ( Ÿ ® μ p ’ • L—Ÿ" ok‘78 ˙M [ ˘Sp Ÿ p —o 2™˝ Hb l —c \"p ¿ÀÁ % Ÿ˜ Y % Ÿ ¢ Œp n[ ˝ ( Ÿ ® μ p

™ ‘ (™ p [-Ÿ \ ¡ E ŒW ‘

˜ ˙ %‘

5>D– —Ÿ˜ "˙ ¢ Œp S&

R• R R oŒR\ – Rc &78 kŒŸ b l˜ ¿ÀÁ ( ¤ Sp — ˚ŒO» P¬ Ha ) l78

& ”‘ 2 ™p Œd Enk)p •

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

12

Vc ˝¬ E k•˜ DW\ gp “\™ ¢ ı Š p

D“R R Rh ˘\ • ˘˝ Z ŒŸ¬ ˜ “Œ% “š –

p

¼ j ‘ k Œp ˙ , # ” E# d DÁ ı

b-Ÿ ´ —Ÿ

p (78 § ˘Œp x “‘ ˙ ‹ Œ- p • E Sp ˜ —Ÿ ` ™•˜ 57Dw‹p [p “š — p [d l78 — \ &78

ÎË ™[d ‘ )˘p W\& ”Œp ¡ Y ˙78 “š D’ og˝ ˘ F ot o s e a r c h

® # ™ p “” & og˝

– p m ˘˝ ‹ Ÿ “š •˜´ g˙ © ˜ ‹% p – ˜ ˘p ¡g˘˝ W\ gp “š

b l H o p ¿ÀÁ bgŸ W\ # ™ p Œ» Ÿ 78 ‹® p –" “š ¤" %p ŒkŸ H“Œ% –

¿ÀÁ Vd Ÿ “š Sg˝ p ( ‘ ™ p 0[˙ ”˙ b- ˝ —o• D op $l [Œp œ

p m § ˘Œp B– ˘p fT Œp

¼ » n ˝ Eœ

p m § ˘Œp • nŒ\ — p ‹”cp˜ “š˜ n¤ & Œ• “š œ Ÿ W\g.9: W\˙™˘‘

¼ E“%c‘ ’ ˝78 “š 9:¤ %p © d D ˙ n¤ & 78

ÎË p n¤ %p 4gd –

p b-‘ ™ ‘ ng Ÿ EW\%l [ W\• ˝ “š 9:¤ %p D ˘p

D ˘p n¤ %p ÎË ˘Ÿ g˝ n l nk)˙ –

p ng d © d E o p ¿ÀÁ # ™ p bgŸ W\ E k•˜ ® £d Ÿ “ h & “š W\Ÿ

p W\p § ˘Œp

P l a n e : K r i s t e n B a r t l et t / U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a

E Œp # ™ p ; ‹ Œ-˝ og p “‘ —o Œp

G Œ & :5@ )‘ 68 ”p™T ^p ˘p – ¤ Sp ( ˜¸ !¬ x » — ‘ [Œp ˘1gp \ “š ‹k Ÿ _. i » Œ˙ W\ ® p QV • n1c˙˜ DwW\ ® p i » ˝ p

Š™¸ ˝ – _-p – ¤ Sp k © ˙ E—\ ˘˙ W\ŒŒ» -Œp

œ ˘˝˜ D—g• )p — ˙78 W\˙ ”‘ T “š 0» g ˝˜ — l & – ¤ T Ÿ™S ˙ ˘l Œ • —Ÿ k%[p ( So%p 0[˙ n —˘[. (

˜ Œ˙ Š gp ¿ÀÁ – h ’ ”l — ™p™ ˘p ˜ — ¤ Œ kp — o&78 \ ˇ ˘op ” &

D– ˘kp Œp “š

¡ ™ % – & ‹ Œ-˝ e˜ . ™˙ j^_ ‹ Œ-˝ bc Ÿ œ p ! ™ Œp i k 78 \ —Œ" p — ˜ gŒp ¢ ™”p ˙

B ox f i s h a n d c a r : M e r c e d e s - B e n z U S A

ÎË e™c W\d78 p \ ‘™%μ p “˝ l \ )˘p " [Ÿ

¼ ¼ m™g˝˜ D— ™p™ ˘p —ŒW‘78 a78 78 ¡ ” d —\ S & ˙ L—Ÿ" ok‘78 ˙M ˚% ™‘™kŸ © œ —o m™o x Ÿ7© 8 ’ • ( ‘ ˘p – \ h ÎË Y™ p ¢ Œo[p

“š ‹”” ™˝ p nl )Œop —[ ˘Sp – ™ % —ŒW‘78 ’ • ÎË )Ÿ¬ ˜ Dw ”‘˜ k ˘Ÿ p ‹ - p

´ E– \ Dw—o % — ™p™ ˙ ( \ x ”‘ ˙ — [ ˘Sp

¼ —p ˜ – kd n %Ÿ œ p , )p ˜ —l )p

œ —o m™g˝ jp p DY –¢ ˙ ¡S[Ÿ¬ – Ÿ ( ‘ ˘p – \ h \ ” Ÿ / [ “š ˚% ™‘™kŸ © ( \ 78 v — Œ%˝ ™ ˘p foSŸ \x B’ • – ™ %Œp – cp ‹ - p ¿ÀÁ u—o %Œp — ™p™ ˘p

Zh ™p “š • —[ ˘Sp ¿ÀÁ ˜ ¸ )Ÿ E—[ ˘Sp

58Dw( \ 78 ’ • –¢ ˙ . H—h9: p kd78 ’ • nk˙ —[ ˘Sp ˚˝ QV ˜ – Ÿ cp —[ ˘Sp ‹ -˝ ˜ l ™ ˙ % Ÿ —˙ p fŸ T \ ™S p W\ %p W\Ÿ9: ÎË ”\™‘ ¼ ( & ÎË ™o.™ Ÿ QV W\ ˙ » kp D © S p ˜ ¢ 78 ‹o\ “š . - 78 l gd D Œ˝ —co "ŒŸ ˝ i ™Ÿ™ ‘ —c . “š ” ˙ D nkŸ —Ÿ ” Œp

n¤78 p x B6>>9 L Ÿ ˘dM 3 ˘* ; “š – -p

58

Hn1cp ™[Ÿ ® ÎË

“š L & ‘M — l 78 ¢ 1cp ˜ Sp —p l˜ nŒ[˝ )ŒŸ n

– \ “p (™˙˜ Ÿ™S˝ ¿ÀÁ 2 p ˚h™p

» ™Ÿ o d ™& ” k ˙ Œl D g[p n E—Œ 2 – ) n E“ kŒŸ n

˚» %˙ \

! ¼ ˜ ™ ˙ ‹Œ» -Ÿ˜ Df¤ ™[p ˜ ( ˘g[p ¡S Ÿ ˙™ -p ! ™l n fo_ ˝˜ c ˝ (78 & “p * Œh ´ ÎË —d 278 ˙ D‹% p –

Z b k Ÿ “‘ *

H—[ ˘Sp “š \ '78 –¢ ˙ . ™• ”Œ Œ-˝ – & (

%p Z‘ - ™» SŸ Ejp ‹ Œ- p •˜ Ee˜ . ™˙ j^_ nk* ¡ ™ % i k 78 \ —Œ p — ˜ gŒp bc Ÿ (• Œp

´ ¼ Zh ™h ,¤ - ˜ ™ ˙ # Ÿ˜ D¢ ™”p ˙ »

™Œo[ p E( -p + - ” kŒ˝ p ˘p

—c c ˜ — + . p — h ˜ ® &¬ Z . — c l ” D !™p

´

kd78 kp ˙ )˘p ÎË —[ ˘Sp ˚ ˜ gp ´ ´ ´

™ ( ‘ ˙ – \ h ™ ˘p )‘ ˇ ˙ – cŒp

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

14

gS &

» ™ ˜ ÎË )˝ p n¤78 p ¿ÀÁ Y9:T78 [˙ E$p™˙ ( Œol ˜ l Ÿ E—[ ˘Sp “š ‹ Œ-˝ GBCD @ ( c. x Bm h œ p E# gŒp kp —˘ l ´ ;™2™˙ ˝¬ E“ •™p ˜ —Ÿ %p “˝ h œ E– ™W Œp ` ´ ˜ P Dw( \™ -Œp ˙ i ® ˝¬ ”‘78 E‹p [p fo D6> E5=B5

Hjp™h ´ jŸ ˙ gS Œp n• ˛ ‹ - p g \78 “š —[¤ p — & ”p H—d -p ˙ ˚˝ —[ ˘Sp ¢ \ 78 ¿ÀÁ ˝ b l ˛ ˜ ˘˝ – p n¤ gp ‘ 4gd Ÿ • X H‹Œ» -

15

HY '78 –¢ ˙ Œ® p

— ˜"˝ G—[ ˘Sp “š@ – • Wp ‹ Œ- p ¿ÀÁ —Ÿ™gp

)ŒŸ˜ —S˘p “˘)Ÿ ’ ‘ l B—[ g ˜ —S %˙ )˝ —[ g —p _˘d E—S˘p (™-l “˝™.˜ —S˘p l Š78 © ˜ Dw—S˙ “‘ &9:p # & Ÿ p E$k[p ÎË

‹Œ» - ™ ˜ \ ¡2 _ ‘ !™ Ÿ 78x H ” ˙ Ÿ 59 Dw$Œ)p ;™2˜ 2 ˜ 78 Œp » ‹Œ-Ÿ œ p # ”Œp —\ ˙ k‘ kŒŸ 78 [˘T ´ —\ ˙ k‘ kŒŸ 78 Œl D ‘ ˜ — p [d l – ¤ T ; E ˘l — ˙ ¢ Œp [)Ÿ¬ * Œh ‹Œ» -Ÿ œ p Y Œp

» ‹ -˝ Z ¸ -Œp oh kp˜ D— p [d l – & ˜

¼ ˘ [Ÿ¬ E‹” p n1cp % Ÿ ˜ QV + *

D ™‘ gp W‘ “š “oŒ\ ´ ¼ ™& Œ Œp ™ ˘p n» Ÿ B oŸ “š n ˝ 78 ˜

og˝ —[ ˘Sp —ŒW‘ og ˙ – g[ — & • nl ) — o.78 – kcp ‹ Œ-˝ —Ÿ g˘\ ™˘% Ÿ ‹ı E g ` gS jp ˜ ˘Ÿ n”d D¡Œ\78 ™S p ÎË •˜ oh p

E l ŒŒ» - oS ˝ — % p ˚‘ l © ˜ Hi W‘ “š ´ Š k§ ˘Œp Bn1cp ˙ f» ® Hn.78 “š m™gp Œd ¸ H ogŒp

59

G e c k o f o ot : ˘ F ot o s e a r c h ; h u m m i n g b i r d : L a u r i e E x c e l l / F o g s t o c k / a g e f ot o s t o c k

Zh ™h ,¤ -' ¢ Œo[p # Ÿ ´ » ” kŒ˝ p ˘p 2 -p + -

fo[ p ,Ÿ ˙ ™˙ Z S %Ÿ n1c˙ —Ÿ _op ¢ %o ™S%˙ ´ £Ÿ " p W\˙ ) ˝ ™h

H‹Œ¸ - n•

Hn.78 “š m™gp Œd E ŒŒ¸ - oS ˝ — % p ˚‘ l 2

´ a p78

— Œp a p78 9:ãkp » [Ÿ¬ B %‘78 ‘ ˛ ® -μ p Z . “š ” & ˜ %‘78 • k ˙ p — p \ – “[ . Š"o %Ÿ ˜ D+ . p — h ™p D– S —Ÿ ™1\ ' ˘Ÿ ¬ m Œ[ & ˜ T™ ,% ˝ p l [p , ˝ B—[ ˘Sp ‘ ˛ ” ˙ ™h78 ˜ D Ÿ p 3™ Y ™‘ —[˘& —Ÿ ¤ ´ Sgp b “‘ ˙ ! ŒŸ œ p p 4 ™• ´ ´ ™h 78™cp ™h ˜ 9:ãkp WY “ kp ¬ '™˘k [p ˚ ˙ ˘¸ l © ˜ D !™p # & ¿ÀÁ Œ” ˙ ” nl —l ^_ ^o˘˝ 3™ Y™ -Œp ˇ ˙ ' Œ & 8 ” ˙ —d %Œp ˜ ˜ Œ & ™”d EŠ gp – kp [o ‹ ˚ ˘p ‹ œ ! ™Ÿ m "_˝˜ D ”‘ T ¢ ı ™˘ – ¤ T a gŸ ¿ÀÁ h – — “š • œ Ÿ p p 4 l [p D Ÿ Œ¬ l ¢ Œp —oŒ[ % —d _p

™˘k [p Ÿ p œ ” W ’! d ¢ ı C o p y r i g ht D e n n i s K u n k e l M i cr o s c o p y , I n c .

5:

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

16

— 9:Œp Š W‘

Sop –"” —Ÿ p ' ¤ Sp 0[˙ œ™ ˝ B %‘78 ‘ ˛ » ¼ ¼ 4 p 1Ÿ ”p 3 ˝ n˙ % d ÎË o˙ – ¤ Sp » %˝ 78 p78 ´ ™• ”l ˘Ÿ ˝ T ! ” “š Š ® %Œp ˝™ ˘Œkp ‹ ˜ D ˙ D ˘Ÿ g˝ Œ ¤78 —h S˙ ‹ ˙ ÎË n-˝ h —d % — koŒp —* cp S˝ B—[ ˘Sp ‘ ˛ — [ % Ej %kŒp “š – _. —˙ ` ÎË l ™o l 7F>>> Œ [˝ •˜ D S%p ¿ÀÁ —Sg‘ ‹ “Œ !˜ Ÿ 78 œ p ”` ˙ b k˝ ¿ÀÁ – gp ˙ Z Œ ˝˜ & Œp ’ ˝78 “š S p $Œ)p ¿ÀÁ D¢ Œ%p “š $Œ)p —l fd˜ ” l

& [p

· — \ S. —˘l \ ™& ”Œp ™» T B %‘78 ‘ ˛ ´ kŒŸ ˜ D—& \ <F9>> Z%˝ #™˙ p # ‹ ˙ “š ” \ %˙ ! Œ˝ –"” Z . “š ’ ”l ' & \ m Œ[ & D' • ˝78 – [ _-p —_p ˙ ' l˜ —l p b)l ´ D ˘Ÿ g˝ —& \ 7>F>>> ™%[ p W\\ bp ˝ B—[ ˘Sp ‘ ˛ » —˘l – ™. nk) p ˝ ' & [p ’ • ” ˝ p ™-p ˜ D—[¤ —gŸ S˙ —l p b)l ¿ÀÁ – ) p \ %˝ ¢ %c %cp l

17

HY '78 –¢ ˙ Œ® p

5;

™S p

Da rwin: F rom the book Origin of Spe cies, 19 0 2; book: Abe Books Dcom

nT ˘ p ˜ f p ˙

™• ™S op Ÿ¸ ™´ ! ˙ ‹p \ ’ l™´ Ÿ • Ew— ˙ ı —g g $Œ)p – Œo — ˙ ı —g g ™S p x » p™˝ $Œ)p – * ˘Œp —W 9:Œp ˜ Œo[p ˘ 78 ˙ • ˘p kŒŸ E [˘T 5:D " l§ ˜ ) Ÿ ™%d˜ ˘p ˚˙ ı Zh ˜ ™S p • ˘op – * ˘Œp —W 9:Œp ˜ Œo[p ˘ 78 Š & kŒŸ n• kp˜ D– p Hj)p “ p ¡h Ÿ 78 ( » _ p ’ • ¢ Œo[p n Ÿ¬ ˜ 1Dm™T ˙˜ ˜ -h ; 1Ÿ ˙ 78 Em ™´ %p • \ —˙ 78 n˘h Dwf h p ™S p x ¡Œ» %Ÿ¬ —‘ “š —c cSp ˚h™p ˜ Œ˙ “‘ ˜ l ¢ Œo\ V 78 gd DŠ •

» ( » _ p ’ • ™Œo[Ÿ ™S p – \ » kp Œp n% p “š —c cT ( » _˝ ”W˝ h W\ %p W\Ÿ9:˙ ¿ÀÁ ¢4˘˙ ˚Œl ˝ —c cSp W\˙ ™ ˜ "Ÿ )˘op kŒŸ E9: D— p ( ¤ kp

´ jŒ%p ˚p™» p ˘kp ( » _ p \ ( c& ˜ n ´ ˙ n% p " Œ Ÿ ˇ ˙ — ¤ g ‘ —gŸ S˙ 9:kp

D )˙ ÎË ˜ gp ˙ —” ˘)p ( h™o Œp ˜ ( ¤ ˙ ÎË

™S p x —2 cŒp ˘kp ( » _ p ’ • ¡Œ» %˝¬ ˜ Dwn o p

» QV˜ "p )˝ QV˜

"p )˝ ‹o\ Em Œp n ˘& ¿ÀÁ ˘p ` —gŸ Sp ’ ”˙ 9:kp ™˙» ”ı %Ÿ p ( » _ p 1 9:l ‹ E9: D— p b¤ X™p 0[˙ gd \ ‹ ˝ Œ E [ ˘T ™Œ‘ bŸ 1_p ™Œ‘ “š ,g‘ “˘˘& _-p ”* · p

DŠ"μ g p ÎË œ ™´ Ÿ

Y ™‘78 n. “˙ l˜

—Ÿ \ —˙ ˙2

N Ÿ¬ kŒŸ E ” £ ˙ Z ™ ‘ n1d ¿ÀÁ Š¢9: ˝ D— ¤ ™)[p ( cSp —S& ™˙ ( ˝ ˘ p – Ÿ \ ™‘

‘ “š ˘l ‘ fg & %‘78 ™2 d p D“%c ˙ ™• ( cSp ¡g ‘ – Ÿ — ˝ ˘‘ Y ™‘

3 &˜ # Œ p ˜ — cp ˚Œ· \x Ejp p — ‘˜ W\ . - 78 ˜ —ı

™p ¢ Œo\˜ ™Œ\ ¢ 78 ¢ Œo\ ¸ ( ”l © Obp™ä m h Œl Ew .™- ( ˝ ˘ p p™˝ “š ´ p™˝ ˛ ˙78 j‘9:Ä $l ”[ ‹p \ Eê ‘™p l H– ˘kp ‹” d ˘& ˜ 1D ‘ Œp “š ( ˝ ˘ p

ı ˙ ˘Ÿ g˝ — & 7> ¿ÀÁ œ p ê ‘™p ¢78™´ • Xx B( ˝ ˘ p “š œ cSp —ı

™p ‹o\ m “š ¿ÀÁ – ™ı ˛ 7© 8 h ˚h™p ™ ˘p

gd D( ‘ ™ p ˜ ( ˝ ˘ p 9: &78 —Ÿ og p e Sp

’ • “š “˝ g o[˝˜ Dfo p ‘ – p êR ‘™p ™´ Ÿ 1 ´ ´ ´ p™˝ ˛ ˙78 j‘9:Ä $l ”[ œ

78 + p “Ÿ

n » Œ˝ —& kp

D( ˝ ˘ p

E’ • – d Sp —”l cp ˙ ˙2 —”l d ˙ ˙2 m "˝ 78 E—•™· ) ”‘ ‹` ¬ “š » _˝ cSp ˛ ˝ kŒŸ E ˘l ”˝ •! p – d Sp ’ • n E ˝ ˘ p — » [ ˜ O0 Œ‘ —Ÿ \ — ˘‘

— ‘ k ¿ÀÁ O0 m ˝ ”W o‘ p —c cSp ( » _ p

gd 5;D ”W oŸ ‹p k˙ ˘l ( » _˝ ˛˜ ´ —S %˘p – p m k* ¡\ Ÿ¬ 0[˙

—oŸ™T — ! ( d ¿ÀÁ ¢4˘˙ ™» S˝ — o.78

“ N d Ew—Ÿ _op —S %˙ (78™» ˝x fŸ T \ 5<D/ 78 ¿ÀÁ – op —co Œp m k*78 W\Ÿ9: % ˘d D gS ¢ \ 78 • ˜ l ˘ [Ÿ˜ ´ ˛ ˝ kŒŸ —c cSp ( » _ p Œ˙ E‹”Ÿ

™S p ˘%Ÿ Z‘ Œp Œd E ™p Y™ p O0 » kp 1H—oŸ™T — ! ( d ¿ÀÁ ˘l ( » _˝ n T ˙ —ı9:ı ¿ÀÁ "k˝ Ÿ ™S p ‹ o[˝ —g g p

´ D 78 ™o˝ ™p ” d n & » RcSRp nRk)R˝ D5 —oT ˘p – kcp %˝ D– Ÿ Y ™‘ ™”Wp Š!9:p # &78

E( cSp ¢ \ 78 ¿ÀÁ n o p ™S p – kd ( ˝ ˘ op — ı

™p – c)p “š — ¤ ™)[p ( » _ p œ

1Ÿ n˙ E4gd – Ÿ \ ™‘ N ˝ 78 E( ‘ ™ p ˜ 5=D( ‘ ™ p ˜ ( ˝ ˘ p – Ÿ n¤ -d – l ,¤ - ( ‘ ™ p ˜ ( ˝ ˘ op D—g g p ( SS œ E— ı

™p ”˝ c* “š ( ™o[Œp • ˝ b) l h˜ 2D— o nl – ™‘ “š – ™ ™Œp ”¤ ˙ “š (9:Ÿ [˝ ˛ ˝¬ kŒŸ ( cSp ™ ˘p

N ˝¬ n• kp˜ D( ‘ ™ p ˜ ( ˝ ˘ p (789:& ˚c)l H( ¤ kp – Ÿ \ ™‘ g ( cSp

H "p h ¿ÀÁ — ı

™p ˛ ˙78

¢ Œo[p ¡ ˘˝ EQV )[p gp ( ı9:ı ˜ “š ¢ g ‘78 ˜ g [Ÿ ™‘ l gd D– Ÿ – kd # Œ ˙ p ( Ÿ™1[p ı k˝˜ ¢ g˘˙ 1g˝ — oŒ\ E [ ˘Sp

E¢" p • “š l Š ® %˝¬ wY™‘x —Œol W\ “š 1 E# gŒp kp “š QV™k p c& “š ˝ 78 ”‘ l p ˙ Ÿ p

˜ Dw$ x • k˙ Z&˜ ¡ [ ”p —Œol Š ® %˝¬ ˇ ™kŸ ˘p ` w Ÿ Y™‘ ™S˝x “ Œ%˝ ¢ Œo[p £˝ Ÿ ’ • “ d Š %˝¬ œ p ¡ [Œp ˙ E“%c‘ w$ p x O0 Y™» ˝ DQV™k p c& “š —Œokp

´ ¡ ˙˜ ” )` ˜ — o p !9:Ä™ & ˛ ˙78 ”W˝¬ 2 D( Ÿ™1[op ¤ ” p nk)p Ÿ ˝ “š

˜ 1Ÿ • [o˝ ” d

19

nT ˘p ˜ f p ˙ P ™S p

5=

—Ÿ W‘ W\‘ ™h Z “gd ™˝ \ 9:1d EQV )[p gp

Dw(78 Π78

» ™S Ÿ \™‘ n[ ˝ ( cSop kŒŸ n• ¯

D– kcp ’ • —p 78 c ˝ H ol bo Ÿ Y™‘ ÎË

´ Y ™‘78 x &78 ÎË “˝ h ê ‘™p ˛ ˙ d ˜ •˜´ _p © kŒŸ 78 ˜ ”Ÿ p ı

˜ –"Ÿ Œ Œp

66Dw— ¤ ™)[p ( cSp fŸ T \ ” S ˝ ´ l D • l f˘& p f¤ g p "_ “š n · ˝ Y ™‘ ‘ \ QV" \ ™-- Œp ¢ Œo[p

˛ & fŸ T \ — p ( ¤ kp – Ÿ ng[Ÿ¬ n”d E ” – cŒp ¢ g ‘ ˜ \ S. ( cSp

œ – — ¤ ™)\ — oŒ\ jp “š ˝

78 ( cSp ( ”X h ˛ ˙78 ˚ ˜ H¢ l ÎË m™ Ÿ — p ( ¤ kp \™‘ n[ ˝ kŒŸ

™S p ™kŸ / cŸ¬ b kd Ebo Ÿ Y™‘ H˛ h n o p

[ ˘Sp ¢ g ‘78 œ ™´ Ÿ D6 —oT ˘p – kcp [ g QV˜

l D– Ÿ Y ™‘ ™”X ÎË

´ m k* ¢ g˙ !"» [Ÿ [ ˘Sp ¢ g ‘78 ’ \ ˙ “š E ” £ ˙ Z ™ ‘ n1d ¿ÀÁ Š¢9: ˝ p – p

D Ÿ ˝ (™Œ˝ ˜´ 9:˝ nh78 m k*78 W\ » Y ™‘78 ( ) ‘ Œ d “‘ Š™ p ™S p – \ ‹o[Ÿ˜ ” o[ p Y ™‘78 [ ˘Sp ¢ g ‘78 E˚p"[‘ ˜ ™ Œ» Ÿ ‹•˜ D– Ÿ p ” £ ˘p o. — ı

™p ”˝ cT —p"[ Œp ( \™Œ Œp ’ • ( . jp p — ‘ “‘

D— p ( ¤ kp ol – Ÿ \ ™‘ ˚h™p Z p —p 78 E g˙ & ‘ l Œl D—g g p 78 ( cSp ÎË –™g˙ )˝ ˛ ˙78 ” \ ( c&

( ˝ ˘ p ol – Ÿ & N ˝ kŒŸ – \ “ gŸ œ p n p p kp D( ‘ ™ p ˜

Ÿ [ ˘Sp ¢ g ‘78 ‹•¢ \ ™Œ\ p ™S p

—& l )˝ H– Ÿ Y ™‘ ‘7© 8 – cŒp ( cSp

– Œp ( Ÿ78™p “š T™p Š™o[p ”[ • .

p * )p 57 Rp Y ™‘78 x ÎË 5=== — & 6>

” – cŒp ¢ g ‘ ˜ ( cSp ˛ & ˙ “‘ ˜ g \

6>Dwn1d ( ‘ ™ ˜ ( ˝ ˘‘ ™ Ÿ ‹” kŒŸ ´ —co – Ÿ Y ™‘ ‘ © ˙ ™o 0[˘p ¡ D ol ¼ & ˜ – Œp ( Ÿ78™p “š ¢ Œo[p foT E“ o\˜ ´ E—Œ 2 m ™ #˜˜´ ˙ —p™· Œ ˛ ˙ N ˙ ˙˜ ˜ ˜ D ™S p — oŒ\ Y ¸ % & ”‘ ™ X n¤ &˜ W\ % — & 8> l [˙ N¤ p ˚‘ l ˜ B'™˘ë Ÿ! ™d Ä ˇ ˘p m™gŸ H—c » kŒp ˛ ˙78

E˛ ˙78 ’ • ¿ÀÁ ˚d .¬ p —o¤ Sp m ™ 78 ‹` x Š & ˙ — ‘78 — p \ ˜ 2 p™˝ —p˜ © d 65Dw [Ÿ 9:)d ˚o)d G( cSp ˛ 78@ —[*78

© ˚‘ l QV )[p gp ( ‘ Œı m™o ˙x Bê ‘™p m h˜ ¼ — ‘ ˚˘ h – _p ‹” & Œ ˜ ¢ Œo[p m

\ 9: &78 [Ÿ ‹p˜ D‹p [p m™ ZŸ p n)cp

“˝ ˙ Œ¤ h ˛ ˙ ng ˘ [Ÿ¬ ( cSp fŸ T D D D ˘Ÿ g˝ ( d Sp Z Œ d D— ˙ _p o˘p “š 1Dw— [ ˘Sp ˜ 1p b[2 ”‘ W\· ˘˝ ˜ ˚˝ ¿ÀÁ ˚[Œ» ˝ p ( ‘ ˘p © d Ejp ‹`

— \ ( cSp m™ ( &

p — & 5>> ™ ‘ ( cSp fŸ T \ 9: &9:p ˚-- ¬ — & ;> ˜ m™ ( &78 +9: & ¿ÀÁ ¢ Œo[p \ %˝ ( ¤ kp – Ÿ Y ™‘ ‘ ¿ÀÁ ( cSp – h B oŸ ÎË ê ‘™p n.» ™˝ —p 78 , d [˙˜ D— p

˜ ( ˝ ˘ p @ \™‘ ( cSp n[ ˝ kŒŸ 78x D ol bo Ÿ Y™‘ ÎË m™ Ÿ G( ‘ ™ p

(

˘ 78 N¤ ‘ Z Œ Z fd ™ Ÿ &78 •˜ ° m9: ( cSp m™ ( &

p “š ˚Ÿ p

¡‘ ˝ – Ÿ p ( d Sp \

k˝ ˛ ˙78 ( ”X 1 —d 278 ˙ D [˙ – ”%c‘ ( cSp ( ”X W\ “š E( ˘ ˙ ¢ 7© 8 — ˝ ˘ p ( cSp —£Œp “š 5 nh Ejp ÎË

—£Œp “š 5 nh W\» ˘˝˜ E“ o\ ˛ ˙78 Ÿ"Œp

p ˝ ‹p kp˜ Dœ p Ÿ™S op p . – Œp ( cSp

fŸ T \ 9: &78 N¤ ‘ Œl D Ÿ ˜ Y™‘ ‘ “š 4h ´ ‹˝ h˜ E( ˝ ˘ p “š ” ( ‘ ™ p “š ™& ˚‘ l ( cSp

D Œ˝ —gŸ Sp ’ • \ ¢ _ &78

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

20

B e ak d r a w i n g s : F r o m t h e b o ok J o ur n a l o f R e s e a r c h e s , b y C h a r l e s Da rwin ( 18 73), ima ge co urtesy Biodiversity Herita ge Lib ra ry

¬ QV˜ d -\ ’ ”W˝ n» " b » k Ÿ kŒŸ Y™ p 8 Œp » _˝ Z

[p “š ¡_S˝ m™T78 h Œp ( d -[p

d -[p g 78 ”o n» p ( ™ %p “š 0[˙ 1Ÿ ™W 78˜ D _.78 h Œp ( ” ˙ “š ˜ " ˝ d -[p —co Œp wY ™‘78 x ¢ g˘p ¿ÀÁ “d9:& l

h 9:%‘ N ˝˜ N Ÿ¬ gd E ˜ " p Œ & “‘ ™ & ˜ D 69D ˜ Y™‘ “š ” w \™‘x ¯

™”X ÎË g œ ™´ Ÿ [ ˘Sp ¢ g ‘78 n• E

´

˙ E˚o ™g\ H( ¤ kp – Ÿ Y ™‘

—Ÿ W p Ÿ¸ ™´ Œp "Œ ® p˜ d™ %Ÿ l ™ ¢ 78 ‹p \ » Š \˜ 6:D [ ˘Sp ¢ g ‘78 – h “š jk)Ÿ ™S p

“š ( Ÿ W‘ . E"˝

™* D• œ c l E5===

\ % 9: \ ™kŸ h [ ˘Sp ¢ g ‘78 E ™S p

E– _ Œp ¢ g˘p ( ˘oS fd˜ b μ k p ¿ÀÁ Y ™‘9:p 6;D Ÿ ¢ * œ fo Ÿ 78 “ kp £ *v -˝ 78 QV˜

d -\ En[cp ˙˜ “š ˜ " ˝ ”‘ Zh ˜˜ D * * ˚p ! Œd Eu Ÿ – \ 0[˙ ”[˘ Ÿ p Ÿ [Œp “š jk)Ÿ ” ˙ \ —g 9:p ( ™o[Œp Œl DY™ p bŸ [ p ™S p

21

nT ˘p ˜ f p ˙ P ™S p

¼ 78 a [˝¬ p ˜ E#™ì Ä78 ì " ¬ “š QV˜

”& 67DwQV˜

d -[˙ ´ W\ ˙ fŸ d ˙ QV )[p gp ( [˘& cd ´ ˚‘ ì œ !˜ D ˜ D Ä ˜"p “& Ÿ “‘ ™c) l ˜ E d -[p ’ • —&

˙ ™ %‘ Ä —[ ¿ÀÁ ¢ g˘p l " p jo˝ “š a c p — & [˙ ˘l78 h Œp ( ™ Sp ¿ÀÁ n”& – p h Œ˙˜ D _.78 h Œp ( ™ Sp ¿ÀÁ “ n og˙ f¤ Sp • “ok*˜ g Œp ‹ —W 9: E d -[p 57 Rp Y ™‘78 Ÿ p — % ¤ p

¸ B—& kp Z˙ ˝ DN¤ p ’ • ¿ÀÁ – ˘l — Œ• ˚go\¬ “‘ ˚‘ ì Gœ !˜ ˜ Ä@ ˜"p Œ» gpx ( ™ & 5> nl – – Ÿ" p “š a c ˛

Ÿ Y™‘ ™”Wp — & 6>> ˜ ckŸ E ˘Ÿ g˝ 68Dw d -[p

( ™ %p “š “‘ l ˝ 78 Š™o[p ”[ —& l ` ( d -[p Ÿ ( ı k˝ Ea c p ˚o˝ p

™ ˘p ˜˜ D—˘p _p • ( .˜ _.78 h Œp

˚‘ l E– Ÿ" p “š — Œp m ™ 78 » _˝ Z “‘

65

˜ ˘ J u a n C a r l o s M u n o z / a g e f ot o s t o c k , a n d c o u r t e s y of Royal Ty rrell M use um of Palaeontolo gy

™S p ˙ g \78 ¡Œ\78 ŒŸ78 2 QV! ˘p ™S p – \ ˜ l » -Ÿ Œp

™S op ! ˘p Ÿ¸ ™´ Œp l H l Zh ˜ n o p ™S p

¢ Œo[p Ÿ [p — -˙ W\ ‘˜™¬ p§ ) Ÿ

´ 78 — ˘ Œp ` — Œo[p ( ¢ \ 78 m™˘gp ˜ [ % 1Dw—Ÿ Œp • Œ˙ " p E g˘% " p x ‹”Ÿ p “š kc p ¢ Œo[p ˘l \ 0d Ÿ˜ m™h ¿ÀÁ jp ˘&˜ E l ‹Œ» - ™ ˜ — ‘ k

´ n μ ˝ œ78 m œ i ‘ Ÿ ‘ 78x ‘ W\ ‘˜™¬ p§ 7>Dw ”p

j c Ÿ & —o ˚%˘ h E+™- p • “š˜ B“p™h i & “¡ ˜ Y Œ 78 ‹p§ \ kŸ (

j‘ • c —Ÿ \ — & £ ˜· ˝x ¹ ¡g˘˝ j o[d E Œo\ i kc˝ ™kŸ

ˇ ( [ p “š “‘ 1Ÿ m™gŸ ™•˜ DwQV p m9:`

75Dw˚Œ-p ˙ ™ Ÿ Œp ‹- [Ÿx E˛ ˙78 ˝¬ j o[d En o p ™S p – kd e ¸ -˝ (

´ ´ ¸ ™\ Ÿ 78 QV oŒp ˜ W\Ÿ 9:p ¢ Œo[p ˙ ‹o%˝

( c) kŒop ‹”˝ %c˝ “š ı™´ ˝ — - )p ‹”˝ g [ ´ ¢ g ‘78 ˜ ( cSp ˙ ™´ ˝ j o\˜ D— Œo[p

‹` E– g[Œp – p m k* Z Œ ˚ ‘ [ ˘Sp

¡ ¸ _˝ ‹p ( cSp ”X ˛ ˙78 ‘ h

¼ j o\˜ D Y™‘ ÎË ı

˜ " » Œ ˜ \™‘ Ÿ ˝ ( ™S˝ ( ¤ kp Z Œ 1Ÿ ™´ ˝ ™ ‘ ¿ÀÁ )Ÿ d 78 n & ‹` Ei ) bo& ( ˘ p — % ¤ p # 78 j)p n˘gŸ 78 ´ # ÎË ™S ˝ ‹p˜ – d ( ”X ™ p ˜ ‘ ŒŸ g [˝ n”d D—oŸ™T — ! ( d ˜ ‹`

g \78 E g Hn T ˙ Š f¤ g ¿ÀÁ $&™´ ”l D¡Œ\78 ŒŸ78 2 ™S p ˙ “š ¢ * nl —o¤ gp —Ÿ W p ÎË • —Ÿ Œp • )Ÿ 1 n μ ˝ ˜ ™ ™p ÎË ¡˝ E– p m k* nl jp “š Œ˙ E ™kp

D—[ ˘Sp e™d

66

— Œo[p • [Œp ¿ÀÁ n p ”p ™ Sp ’ • " » p \ —•"» ˚% p P ” – ™”)Œp ¡ P D ”ı ˙ N¤ ‘ )‘ “š d 78 n & l™´ Ÿ D7 —oT ˘p – kcp T™p ”[Œp —& l Dn o p ™S p ˛˜

¼ Y ˘S‘78 ´ gp p i ˝ c‘ ” $˘ gŒp Š™o[op — d ˜ W\• ˙ S[˝ ¢ Œo[p ”c) l p d 78

kp b) ¬ l gpx B l ˝ ”d Dn o p ™S p ¿ÀÁ jŒ%p W\˙ —S&™ Œp – p m k* b ˜"p W\˙ Eb ˜"p ˜ ( ¤ ˘p W\˙ E( ¤ ˘p ˜ E( % ¤ p —˘˝ (789:& ÎË 78™.˜ E( Ÿ p ˜ p —o Œp —h ˙ ‘ [-Ÿ ˇ ˙ 6<Dw ¼ ÎË Y™‘ m™» p ” d ˛ (• Œp ¢œ p Ÿ - p • D—g g p

\™Œ Œp nl E d 78 n & ÎË & ´ – d ”X ¬ ‘ ™ p — % ¤ p ´ l ˝ » _˝ ” o\ S˝ ‹p˜ ´ R ™R•˜ E ½ RŸ ½ Rp "RoŸ½ ‘ l Ÿ H Œp D9:[d nR R& E ™S p —Ÿ W‘ \ W\[d Œp *

n˙ Ÿ ˝ ‹l ˝ ( » _ p ”WŸ¬ 78 d 78

” n ogp ‹l ˝ ˜ —Ÿ ™S p ( » _ p ‹l ˝ Š \x —oŸ™T ( d ¿ÀÁ wY ™‘78 ‹W[ “š 4gd 6=1D "p

™ ‘ Š™ p ¡ ‹p [p m™ ¢ Œo[p (˘‘ gp – _-p d 78 W\Ÿ9:˙˜ – ˘l – ™c ™ o 6>> ´

• ˜ l ™ ˙ fd ™Ÿ˜ D ”˙ m˜ ˜ » \ ˜ ( \™Œ Œp nl W\» ˘Ÿ n-· cŒp ˜ ˘kp n %p

´ ´ ” o\ S˝ ‹p˜ – d ( ”X ( ‘ ™ p — % ¤ p

´ – d ˚c Y ™‘78 0[˙ W\ “š E l ˝¬ ( » _˝ D( ”X Œo • Ÿ p d 78 n & —o ogp —o 78 ¡ 1 ÎË 66 ( c-p W‘ Dm • ™S p ¿ÀÁ 9: p ™ ˘p

EL—Ÿ" ok‘78 ˙M – p n. \ —” ˜ —o£& —%Œ —& l 6= D’™”Ÿ ™”*

.

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

22

Hjp™h n¤ gp ¢ \ 78 ¿ÀÁ ˝ b l ˛ ™• f h p ™S p ¡\ Ÿ¬ • ˙ Hn o p ™S p ˛˜ ¿ÀÁ n p ”WŸ¬ —W 9:Œp ˙ Ÿ ™• ‹® p ˛ Y ™‘78 — ˘p ` d 78 n & —c cT ' » _˝ ' ”* —oŸ ™T ' d ¿ÀÁ H "p

‹o[§ p Ÿ ™k p c& —Ÿ ˜ ˜ g g p 0h p » kp D# gŒp kp “š —o » %Œp fo p —Ÿ ˜ 0 Ÿ ‹o[§ p ˜ l \ » Ÿ ÎË W\Œ Œp [d D# gŒp kp $ p˜ EQV ) Œp W\ %Œp ' g [ ˜ ‹o[§ p W\˙ ™• » ³ ´ — & “š ™ ™p ÎË ˚˝ ”o k˙ —Ÿ Œp —g o p ‹o[Ÿ # gŒp kp S \ » Ÿ —£cp ’ • ¼ D— & a78 – )\ p ™ — d Š Ÿ n.» ™ p p – Ÿ [p — Œo[p ' d ) l78 ˚‘ kp 78 © ˜ E ”l ¢ \ Ÿ ™´ ˝ 78 BCD —Œol ` —& p jp ÎË b2 D# gŒp kp — h - “š jk)˝ — 2 Œp — & —£Œp m9: ” p bo Ÿ jp p D— ˘ Œp — Œo[p f¤ g p Z 0h Ÿ 78 “‘ G ™2™˙ ”W˝¬ kp • , p —gŒ» [ Œp ´ (h &˜ Dwfo p —Ÿ W‘x œ Ÿ ™´ QV Ÿ \˜ QV ) Œp W\ %Œp Z œ p “š ’™”Ÿ ™”* » D g # gŒp kp “Œo[Ÿ oŸ “š ´ o[cp Œ[p Ÿ 78 # gŒp kp 78 E9:l ¯ Z / [ Ÿ 78 ‹o[§ p d Du/ 78 ˜ ( ™Œ%opv D# gŒp kp ,‘

N e b u l a : I A C / R G O / D av i d M a l i n I m a g e s

H— go p Š Ÿ78 m™T l ‹l

Š™Ÿ nl l n• H— go p Š Ÿ78 m™T \ » m™T 0[˘p \ » Ÿ H— d —\ & 68 cp™´ jp E— d —\ & 68 ™• go Š™Ÿ nl ´ g 78 * EQV™k p c& ˝ l E¡&™ 78 ’ ˘ \ ˜ — %p — go p Š Ÿ78 9:˝ œ p Š™ p ÎË

n”d L55B6> ˜ M D \™˘&78 ˚˘%op ™Œ‘

• ÎË n.™ p QV™k p c& ,‘ p " Ÿ H &78

wŠ™Ÿx ÎË —Œ Œp — ‘ ˘[p —Œokp d E9:l $ p˜ E—co — ! ( d ÎË )˝ kŒŸ 68

Hw¢ ˘p x l ¡ Œ‘ —S %˙ – ˘[˙ QV™k p c& —Ÿ ˜ n» ” %˝¬ ( ™Œ%p BCD fo ¢ ˘p “šx B– ˘l — Œ• ( ¢ Œo\ \ fd ™Ÿ L5B5 QV™k˝M Dw/ 78 ˜ ı b-˝ – ˘[p ’ • # gŒp kp

[p – ™l Œp — go p Š Ÿ78 \ 9:-c ¼ E ™kp d Df Œ\ m™p —Ÿ78 ’ ”p˜ D \ -d ˇp p

` ˚h™p ™ ™ l E/ 78 ˘l™l jp “š Œ˙ ´ D— go p Š Ÿ78 ˘˝ n˘h W\Ÿ9:˙ —[˙

/ 78 Œ\ ™ ™p™ p » gŸ˜ ™”d W\ kocp ( ˙ % p gd˜ ™kp Œ\ E— & • 0h Ÿ n”d D ˘Ÿ g˝ — & ™ o˙ )\ —%Œ ¢ Œo[p ”o Ÿ¬ h p ( % p ˜ E &78

H5B5 QV™k p ’ l ˝ Z En˘g %Œp “š Œ” p

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

24

» QV™k p c& ‹o[Ÿ 78 ¬ — & “š go' ™kp ˜ / 78 ¼ —o oh a78 n˘h — d Š Ÿ W\ %p 4gd

9

8

7

6

5

´ — go p wŠ Ÿ78 x “š ˘˝ ˚‘ l ˛ ™ p 0[˙ — p p wŠ Ÿ78 x ˜ wŠ™ p x “š Œ %˝˜ ¿ÀÁ D— p p wŠ Ÿ78 x ˜ wŠ™ p x “š Œ %˝˜ — go p

´ Em˜78 go p wŠ™ p x ˘Ÿ n˘h Em Œp n ˘&

™ p “š ˘%p —c kp Š™ _p ˚‘ l Œ˙

‹od E & & – ™ ™ ˚‘ l p $Œ)p Š gp

m9: kp˜ L=B7< ™Ÿ M D/ 78 S& ^o˘Ÿ ´ £ )d £ * Z)g Ÿ " p • ˙ Em˜78 wŠ™ p x a9:_p e Ÿ Œp ¢™1op p p ˙ & 1Dœ™ p

» œ™ p a9:_p W\˘ Ÿ E“¡ p wŠ™ p x “š˜ o p ™”Wp m Œp %d Œ E¢ c. l ˘.

’ Œp ˜ ¿ÀÁ78 “š —c kp Š™ _p W\˙ n-cŸ œ p

a9:_p ! gd EZ˙ p wŠ™ p x “š Dnc&78 “š “šx Œgp ˜ $Œ)p —Ÿ˜´ ÎË ¢ c. œ™ p

L5:O58B5 QV™k˝M D— kŒ ( . w¢ Œ%p o ¿ÀÁ ( [Ÿ , * —\ S & ˙ ( ˙ E ( Œok˙ nl ˚ı h˜ D Œgp ˜ $Œ)p Ÿ / 78

D Ÿ ˝ ™ 78 ’ • —Œokp nŒ[ %˝¬ Em˜78 wŠ™ p x “š ˛ b.˜ \ 1 ´ “š DŠ [p ’ [Œ˙ ™ p ÎË )˝ •˜ ™‘ n˙ g ˜ — ‘ ˘[p

¬

- ÎË )˝ p ˜˜´ —Œol nŒ[ % d EZ˙ p wŠ™ p ˙x fo[ Ÿ D ™ p

6:

n ˘& ¿ÀÁ D—\ & 68 —cp™´ – d ÎË 4gd E go p BCD nŒ\ ¡&™ , » p W\ Em Œp

Š™Ÿ ”‘ ¿ÀÁ — %p — go p Š Ÿ78 nl ÎË *

¯ 2 ™p L8B6 QV™k˝M D ˜ ¢ \ 78 ]™» %Ÿ —& gŒp c&78 “š » ˘ —\ & 68 ™• — go p Š Ÿ78 Š™Ÿ nl m™T

D4gd kp ‘ ˜"Ÿ 78 H— go p Š Ÿ78 m™T ^o˘Ÿ ‹kd “š )Ÿ QV™k p ,‘ » kp D ™ p ˙ # gŒp

( d ˚o^` Š Ÿ78 ’ • ÎË 6 ˜ 5 W\ .78

D "p —oŸ™T

— go' d ˚» & ”‘˜» h˜ E— ‘ ˘[p ˙ fo p —Ÿ ˜ ¡&™ l D/ 78 ¿ÀÁ ( [Ÿ , * W‘ —” ˜ ™kp d [ \ 9:1d EQV 78 QV ”˙ Ÿ

‹• %˝ E— go p Š Ÿ78 ˜ ( cp —Ÿ ˙ n˘h ˜¬ Dfo p —Ÿ ˜ m™ ¤ p m p kp n “š Hjp b l ´ b)kŸ QV™k p —Ÿ ˜ “š —Ÿ [˙ n p

´ wŠ Ÿ78 x “š ˘˝ ˚‘ l ˛ ™ p 0[˙ Hfo p ‘ – p n•

26

:

l Œ d “‘ 1Ÿ QV™k p c& —Ÿ ˜ l ˝˜ ´ “š ”W˝ ( ˙ E £ )d £ * ™c-Ÿ œ™ p a9:_p

” ˙ E– ¤ T ( h™o $ p wŠ™ p x D— ¤ )_p — 78 ( ( h™o Œp ˜ ( ) p

0[˙ # gŒp kp —Ÿ ˜ 1 Ÿ k˝ ‹p go wŠ™Ÿx nl m9: — % ¤ p ˛ ™ p

Œ˙ p˜ D Ÿ ˝ nk)˙ n˙ — ¤ d —gŸ S˙ n- ˝ 1D— p p — go p wŠ Ÿ78 x “š ( Œ &

”& " % ˙ ( R˝ R˘ oRp R RŸ R Rp ™R”WRp R [Ÿ n•

™RS Rp —R oŒR\ Š & BCD ( ‘ ™ p ˜ H— p ( ¤ kp n¤ ”p Y™» p • N p ´ fo BCD ;™2™˙ l Ÿ n %p 78 E9:l D( ˝ ˘ p ˜ ( ‘ ™ op — & &78 u# 78 v nl ˚ ˙¬ n• kp˜ L69O6> E56 E55B5 QV™k˝M ´ p ( » _ p Z ‹oh p — & &78 u# 78 v ’ • W\˙ —o. cp ˜ p • H ” £ ˙ “š n- ˝ # %p go p Š™ p m9: BCD Em Œp n ˘& ¿ÀÁ 1 ´

• » kp L75 E6<B5 QV™k˝M Du/ 78 ˜9:ŒŸ˜ )˘p ¬ kŸ® v ´ D6B6 QV™k˝ P D p p wŠ™ p x ¡ ˘Ÿ ‹p ˛ p

P e n g u i n s : B y c o u r te s y of J o h n R . P e i n i g e r

— ! – d m9: fo ¬ E ” o\ nl˜ / 78

‹ % Ÿ E 78 ˙ D ˘%‘ Ÿ gp 2 Œp “š – -h ¿ÀÁ – p ™”X˜ ™kp fo p QV™k p c& b.˜ D— Ÿ p — Œo[p ( d ) l78 Z / 78

‹”˝ g [ ‹”Ÿ p QV l ¢ Œo\ ˇ ˜ kp m™h ™1d Ÿ ‹”d E—. p — c%ocp

kp˜ D¢ *78 nl fo BCD # gŒp

“š ŒŸ h l ¡&™ ™• Š Œ •78 Ÿ ´ – p ˜ —Ÿ ˙ ™kop ˚‘ l “‘ QV™k p c& D "p —oŸ™T ( d ¿ÀÁ Ÿ ˝ ( ”X » ( ™o[Œp ’ • ¿ÀÁ m™- p kŒ˝ b kd ™Ÿ 78 H— & 7F9>> p ™ —g h p — Œo[p

– ™p — - )p B ˜ gS %c˝ ™& ( ™Œ%p fo p —Œk p ˜ – gp joŒ˝ p

’ ”˙ ¡&™ Ÿ˜"˝ ¿ÀÁ j* ˜ – h / 78 ˜

•˜ D • -[p —g˙ %p —g h p — Œo[p —d [Œp

—& gŒp c&78 ¢ \ — . ¿ÀÁ ”)Ÿ 78

#˜ ı™Œ ˝ 6 P 1DwBCD ”˙ ¡ ™ x ”‘

D5:B7 ´ ™˝ g ‹”Œp n• m¢ % ˝ jo[p kp˜ 0[˙ j p Dfo p \ # gŒp kp —Ÿ ˜ ˙ ^p ˙ j˙ ™ 2™˝ p —” ™p ˘&78

D— Œ•78

E# p nkp l —& l W‘ EY™2™Œp • m™ – " &9:p 1 D’™”Ÿ ™”*

.

6<

´ ¼ kp ˘ Ÿ 78 H ˜ w$ x ı k— ˝Ÿ — p p˛ ˙¤7 8k p ln™l˝ “‘ 78 © DW\p ™´ %p QV • \ # gŒp

w ”& " % ˙x » ( h™o Œp ˙ ˚ \ / 78 l Ÿ ’ •˜ L65B5 QV™k˝M Dw“% % ˙x n¶ l — p

n- Ÿ œ p Y™» R op ¹ jp • ”W˝ – ˘[p

¹ (9:R R%p R 9:l Œl Du# 78 v O0 ´ n¤ gp œ p ‹\ Ÿ – . [Œp ˛ ˙78 ˜ —Ÿ ™c 78

» _ ˝ ‹p — % ¤ p ( ‘ ™ p ˜ ( ˝ ˘ p a .

D— 2 Œp —oŸ™Sp ™-[p ¿ÀÁ l ¯ 0[˙ ( ¢ \ » ¿ÀÁ QV™k p c& fd ™Ÿ 78 E

jp “š Œ˙ E ™kp QV ) Œp W\ %Œp

Hjp™h fo p —Ÿ ˜ m™ —£T p ‹ • cŒp 0[˙ • ˛ H# gŒp kp “š —‘˜ Œp ‹o[p ˜ # gŒp kp fc Ÿ ˚d9:p Œp ˛ H– l 3 g‘ m™ Hfo p ‘ – p n•

28

H“˙ ™´ ˝ ‹» ”Ÿ n•

E . # gŒp kp “p™gŸ l © d -h gp od D¡ [ – op j* 9:d

™) [Ÿ ˜ Ÿ QV p nl nŒ)Ÿ ˘

• Œ1 Ÿ˜ L57B56 —[ M D“ £ ) % ˙ ( \ " p ˜ ¡2™cp — p – ˙ \™p -gp

™ " P D“%c‘ (™Œp ¡ P %cp ˜ D<O:B69 [* C55 E5>B7; ¯ —” ˜ ˘& ‹p [p m™ W\Ÿ9:Œp p E

– op ¡ [ S[Ÿ ¢ * ŒŸ9:p μ

•˜ L7B5; ™ŸM D“ \ T © ˜ BCD \ ‹o[ p l » —Rp 78 d DŠ •˜78 ˙ no[˝ $ p ŒŸ78

Dfo p ‘ – p ;™2™p nl — 2 ˜ Hjp™h » ‘ ‘ B3 » ˝ —cl œ ˛ %Ÿ Š® 9:\˜ Hfo p Š ™S p Hj˙ ™ —” ™p ˘&78 0[˙ • ˛ # & , c˝ ÎË j[d ˝ p Hj˝ g [ 29

´ ¡ [Œp ` D( Œokp ’ • "_ “š n ˝ j˝ a ”p - g %d E– op œ •™ p

ng‘ Œ˙ ˜ — p -p m Œ\78 0[˘˙ Š gp ¿ÀÁ j˘ » _Ÿ W\ ˜ D p p n p ÎË — ı

™p j˝ ^_ ™kŸ p˜ D ˙78 ÎË ™ ™p \ m˜" & E(™Œp

´ “š n p ˜ n o p ˜ kc p ¿ÀÁ gp j` D—[ ˘Sp ”˝ ˜ —d . p˜ ™& – p ¡ [ Œ ˜ kd D » p • \ 78 bh™ Ÿ 78˜ “‘ ˜ ™ ™ ` BCD ˜ l™´ Ÿ ™S p ˙ ™ ™´ Ÿ “š [Ÿ •˜ D )˘p ˜™´ * “š n Ÿ 78 – gp œ Ÿ W\˙ o˘g % W\ p p ol ÎË W p ˙˜ D‹o[§ p m ˜ W\ Ÿ p ˜ W\ & %p

¡2™cp Œ %˝ Zh™ Œp Ef˙ %p ‹”o & Dœ )˘p ZŒ Œp 0Ÿ™g˝ “š %cp ˜ ( \ " p ˜ ˜ ˘Ÿ Œl jŸ od E—g g ™S p l © ˜ » ™Œo%Ÿ QV p [* fd˜ ( [op —” ˜ ˘&

´ ´

` ‘78 E )‘˜ nl px B gp ˜ ¢ 1gp ˙ D76B59 #™ ‘ ™l 5 P Dw(™Œ‘ » GBCD @ \x B# gŒp kp ‹o[Ÿ En˙ gŒp ˙ ( Œokp ’ ”p˜ L=B7: ™ " M Dw– p Y™˘ Ÿ D—g Œ\ W\ 1 6=

Fa u n ia , Ma dr i d )

EQV ä˜ Ä D ‹ p˜ l Ÿ H– op -h jp • g [˝ n• » ' & k[‘ “p ™S p — oŒ\ \ “Œo[ ‘ x B ™S p —Ÿ W p Ÿ¸ ™´ » ,o Š78 © ˜ Dw– op ¡ [ ™ ™˙ %» “š ı™´ Ÿ ™”d E o\ —Ÿ ™h 76Dw– p ˜ ™kop Ÿ •™ ¡ [ 78x B9:¤ h a HQV ä˜ Ä

15D The New York Times, “Design for Living,� by Michael JD Behe, February 7, 2005, pD A21D

nT ˘p Ëœ f p Ë™ P ™S p 16D Natural History, “Darwin & EvolutionPThe Illusion of Design,â€? by Richard Dawkins, November 2005, pD 37D 17D Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin, First Edition, 1859, Sixth Edition, 1872, ppD 285O286D 18D Charles DarwinPThe Origin of Species, Introduction by Sir Julian Huxley, 1958 for Introduction, First Signet Classic Printing, September 2003, pD 458D 19D Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942O1962, 1999, “The Production of Mutations,â€? by HD JD Muller, 1946, pD 162D 20D Mutation Breeding, Evolution, and the Law of Recurrent Variation, by WolfOEkkehard ¨ Lonnig, “Expectations in Mutation Breeding,â€? 2005, pD 48, and interview with WolfOEkkehard ¨ LonnigD 21D Mutation Breeding, Evolution, and the Law of Recurrent Variation, ppD 48O51D 22D Mutation Breeding, Evolution, and the Law of Recurrent Variation, ppD 49, 50, 52, 54, 59, ¨ 64, and interview with WolfOEkkehard LonnigD 23D Science and CreationismPA View From the National Academy of Sciences, “Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution,â€? 1999, pD 10D 24D Science and CreationismPA View From the National Academy of Sciences, “Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution,â€? pD 11D 25D Scientific American, “Natural Selection and Darwin}s Finches,â€? by Peter RD Grant, October 1991, pD 87; Nature, “Oscillating Selection on Darwin}s Finches,â€? by HD Lisle Gibbs and Peter RD Grant, June 11, 1987, pD 511; Science, “Hybridization of Bird Species,â€? by Peter RD Grant and BD Rosemary Grant, April 10, 1992, ppD 193O197D 26D Adaption and Natural Selection, by George CD Williams, 1966, pD 54D 27D Sudden OriginsPFossils, Genes, and the Emergence of Species, by Jeffrey HD Schwartz, 1999, ppD 317O320D

7>

Z Ĺ’p – p Ë™ 0Ë™ p l™kp 1D Scientific American, Special Issue 2008 entitled “Majestic Universe,â€? pD 11D 2D Perfect Planet, Clever SpeciesPHow Unique Are We? by William CD Burger, 2003, ppD 24, 34D 3D Rare EarthPWhy Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe, by Peter DD Ward and Donald Brownlee, 2000, pD 224D 4D The Sacred BalancePRediscovering Our Place in Nature, by David Suzuki, 2007, pD 102D 5D God and the New CosmologyPThe Anthropic Design Argument, by MD AD Corey, 1993, ppD 144O145D

– p Ë™ ,Âť [Ÿ l™l B T78 6D Wildlife in a Changing WorldPAn Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, edited ´ by JeanOChristophe Vie, Craig HiltonOTaylor, and Simon ND Stuart, 2009, pD 6D 7D Journal of Industrial Microbiology, “Total Bacterial Diversity in Soil and Sediment CommunitiesPA Review,â€? by VD Torsvik, RD Sørheim, and JD Goksøyr, Volume 17, 1996, ppD 170O 178D 8D Science, “Environmental Genomics Reveals a SingleOSpecies Ecosystem Deep Within Earth,â€? by Dylan Chivian, et al, Volume 322, October 10, 2008, ppD 275O278D 9D Scientific American, “Microbe Census Reveals Air Crawling With Bacteria,â€? by David Biello, httpBNNwwwDscientificamericanDcomN articleDcfm?idË™microbeOcensusOrevealsOaiD

HY 78 –¢ Ë™ Ĺ’ÂŽ p 10D Natural History, “As the Whale Turns,â€? by Adam Summers, June 2004, ppD 24O25D 11D Science, Random Samples, “Flippered Flight,â€? May 21, 2004, pD 1106D 12D New Scientist, Technology, “Is It a Bird, Is It a Plane D D D ,â€? September 3, 2005, pD 21D 13D Heat Exchanger Design, Second Edition, by Arthur PD Fraas, 1989, pD 2D

Hfo p ‘ – p n•

30

5 D av i d H a w k s

14D The Economist Technology Quarterly, Report, “Technology That Imitates Nature,� June 11, 2005, ppD 18O22D

N A S A , E S A , a n d t h e H u b b l e H e r i t a g e L S T S c l / A UR A M O E S A / H u b b l e C o l l a b o r a t i o n

28D Science and CreationismPA View From the National Academy of Sciences, Second Edition, “Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution,� pD 14D 29D The Triumph of Evolution and the Failure of Creationism, by Niles Eldredge, 2000, ppD 49, 85D 30D The New York Review of Books, “Billions and Billions of Demons,� by Richard CD Lewontin, January 9, 1997, ppD 28O32D 31D Scientific American, “Scientists and Religion in America,� by Edward JD Larson and Larry Witham, September 1999, pD 91D

H“˙ ™´ Ë? ‚ â€?Ÿ n• 32D Science, Technology, and Social Progress, edited by Steven LD Goldman, “Evolution and the Foundation of Ethics,â€? by William BD Provine, 1989, ppD 253, 266D

Ÿ D D D ' l n•

l # p nkp

H# p nl cË?Ëœ "p Ëœ ÂĄS Ë?  ´ ˘ Ĺ’1 Ÿ Ë› HW\‘ ™gp & â€œĹĄ n\ d Ëœ “p Ë› H“ %‘˜ “ Ĺ’ Ë? n ‚â€?Ë? Ë™ – T Ĺ’p ĂŽĂ‹ 0[˘p Zd Ë› ˘&78 ’ • — c. 76 —cp™´ Ĺ’p # p nkp l —& l ,p [Ë? D# gĹ’p kp –¢ h ĂŽĂ‹ [d Ë? p • ` kp Ëœ

B— p p —oÂŁ&78 \ —˙™"78 1Ÿ a \

´ H‚p ‘ Ĺ’p Ë› H [& — o¤ \ – ( [‘ b l Ë› H'™Œp [Ë™ p Ë› Ÿ Ë› Âť ´ — c. 668 bp™Œp H g # gĹ’p kp ‚o[Ÿ l Ÿ D • ` kp Ëœ —oÂŁ&78 ’ • \ —˘& Ĺ’p QVËœ [p ˘\ kp Ëœ —& kp — %‘ oT j kĹ’Ÿ D’ ‘ — Ĺ’p Âť â€œÂĄËœ kp78 Zh™Œp c-Ë? E ™o[Ĺ’p Ÿ "Ĺ’p D’ ‘ & Ĺ’p ™ [p ¿Àà ’™â€?Ÿ ™â€?* ĂŽĂ‹ l Ëœ

www.jw.org

Âť ‚o[Ÿ # gĹ’p kp H g

lc-A 150114

` — ¤ ™)\ ˛ ™ p — ‘ j‘ Š fo p ‘ – p n• “˙ ™ » kp Dm ™´ %p • l m p ˝ —o£&78 —oh H—” » ™

Bn —o£& —& kp ’ • (h ˝ D— Œ•78 ˘l h ¿ÀÁ H– p ‹\ p ‹Œ· - ˘l™l n• ˛ » H—[ ˘Sp “š ˝¬ p ‹ - p ‹o[ ‘ ˛ H— & f¤ g ¿ÀÁ $&™´ ™S p ‹ o[˝ n• ˛ H# gŒp kp “š —‘˜ Œp fo p —Ÿ ˜ ‹o[p 0 Ÿ n• ˛ H“˙ ™´ ˝ ‹» ”Ÿ Œp ˛

s

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.