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Bacteria: Penn State University, laboratory of Jean Brenchley, and with kind permission from Springer Science Business Media: Extremophiles, Novel ultramicrobacterial isolates from a deep Greenland ice core represent a proposed new species, Chryseobacterium greenlandense sp. nov., January 2010, Jennifer Loveland-Curtze; pollen: 5 Fotosearch

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Beak drawings: From the book Journal of Researches, by Charles Darwin (1873), image courtesy Biodiversity Heritage Library

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˜ 5 Juan Carlos Mu noz/age fotostock, and courtesy of Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology

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Nebula: IAC/RGO/David Malin Images

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5D Scientific American, Special Issue 2008 entitled “Majestic Universe,s p. 11. 6D Burger William C. Perfect Planet, Clever Species—How Unique Are We? 2003, pp. 24, 34. 7D Ward Peter D. and Brownlee Donald. Rare Earth—Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe. 2000, p. 224. 8D Suzuki David. The Sacred Balance —Rediscovering Our Place in Nature. 2007, p. 102. 9D Corey M. A. God and the New Cosmology —The Anthropic Design Argument. 1993, pp. 144-145. *YV*: 4\+SWS1 e\`Y 3S4ZS

:D Wildlife in a Changing World —An Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, ´ edited by Jean-Christophe Vie, Craig Hilton-Taylor, and Simon N. Stuart, 2009, p. 6. ;D Journal of Industrial Microbiology, “Total Bacterial Diversity in Soil and Sediment Communities—A Review,s by V. Torsvik, R. Sørheim, and J. Goksøyr, Volume 17, 1996, pp. 170-178.

5 David Hawks

<D Science, “Environmental Genomics Reveals a SingleSpecies Ecosystem Deep Within Earth,s by Dylan Chivian, et al, Volume 322, October 10, 2008, pp. 275-278. =D Scientific American, “Microbe Census Reveals Air Crawling With Bacteria,s by David Biello, http://www.scientificamerican.com/ article.cfm?id˙microbe-census-reveals-ai. b\ ob\ ]`S/dY*W?

5>D Natural History, “As the Whale Turns,s by Adam Summers, June 2004, pp. 24-25. 55D Science, Random Samples, “Flippered Flight,s May 21, 2004, p. 1106. 56D New Scientist, Technology, “Is It a Bird, Is It a Plane . . . ,s September 3, 2005, p. 21. 30

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57D Fraas Arthur P. Heat Exchanger Design, Second Edition. 1989, p. 2. 58D The Economist Technology Quarterly, Report, “Technology That Imitates Nature,s June 11, 2005, pp. 18-22. 59D The New York Times, “Design for Living,s by Michael J. Behe, February 7, 2005, p. A21. ',\WpgSq: YSem S e*Vbm

5:D Natural History, “Darwin & Evolution—The Illusion of Design,s by Richard Dawkins, November 2005, p. 37. 5;D ˙*`,SZ *`W4D `\Saf\3/1ZS1 ,S/\,D +E 5==5D D <>P<5E 5=>P5=5D 5<D ˙*`,SZ *`W4D `\Saf\3/1ZS1 ,S/\,D +E 5==5D D 85<P85=D 5=D Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962, 1999, “The Production of Mutations,s by H. J. Muller, 1946, p. 162. ¨ 6>D Lonnig Wolf-Ekkehard. Mutation Breeding, Evolution, and the Law of Recurrent Variation, “Expectations in Mutation Breeding,s 2005, p.¨ 48, and interview with Wolf-Ekkehard Lonnig. 65D Mutation Breeding, Evolution, and the Law of Recurrent Variation, pp. 48-51. 66D Mutation Breeding, Evolution, and the Law of Recurrent Variation, pp. 49, 50, 52, 54, ¨ 59, 64, and interview with Wolf-Ekkehard Lonnig. 67D Science and Creationism—A View From the National Academy of Sciences, “Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution,s 1999, p. 10. 68D Science and Creationism—A View From the National Academy of Sciences, “Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution,s p. 11. 69D Scientific American, “Natural Selection and DarwinGs Finches,s by Peter R. Grant, October 1991, p. 87; Nature, “Oscillating Selection on DarwinGs Finches,s by H. Lisle Gibbs and Peter R. Grant, June 11, 1987, p. 511; Science, “Hybridization of Bird Species,s by Peter R. Grant and B. Rosemary Grant, April 10, 1992, pp. 193-197. 6:D Williams George C. Adaption and Natural Selection, by, 1966, p. 54. 6;D Schwartz Jeffrey H. Sudden Origins —Fossils, Genes, and the Emergence of Species, 1999, pp. 317-320.

6=D Eldredge Niles. The Triumph of Evolution and the Failure of Creationism, 2000, pp. 49, 85. 7>D The New York Review of Books, “Billions and Billions of Demons,s by Richard C. Lewontin, January 9, 1997, pp. 28-32. 75D Scientific American, “Scientists and Religion in America,s by Edward J. Larson and Larry Witham, September 1999, p. 91. \h1Yd ,*3Z\ b\, ,\ hb\ ,m ,1`Sb1?

76D Science, Technology, and Social Progress, edited by Steven L. Goldman, “Evolution and the Foundation of Ethics,s by William B. Provine, 1989, pp. 253, 266.

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6<D Science and Creationism—A View From the National Academy of Sciences, Second Edition, “Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution,s p. 14.

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